SVHeat Tutorial Manual
Contents
1. 4_ H t H i H H 2 00 Pp A A o lo S 2 20 anna a lL as A A A a ci ci 12 00 2 00 e C Figure 2 Temperature changing along elevation at the time of day 1802. Enter a radius of 2 if necessary Click OK to close the Region Properties dialog geometry been entered correctly the shape should look as follows NOTE If a mistake was made entering the coordinate points for a shape Select a shape with the mouse and select Edit gt Delete from the menu This will remove the entire shape from the region To edit the shape use the Region Properties dialog e Define the Seam Region The Seam Region corresponds to material 2 in the layout of the example 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Ensure that Seam is current in the region selector Select Draw gt Model Geometry gt Region Polygon from the menu The cursor will now be changed to cross hairs Move the cursor near 0 10 in the drawing space You can view the coordinates of the current position of the mouse in the status bar just below the drawing space To select the point as part of the shape left click on the point Now move the cursor near 55 10 Left click on the point A line is now drawn from 0 10 to 55 10 Now move the cursor near 40 15 Left click on the point A line is now drawn from 55 10 to 40 15 and For the ast point 0 15 left click to snap the cursor to the point Double click on the point to finish the shape A line is now drawn from 40 15 to 0 15 and the shape of the seam is automatically finished SVHEAT will draw a line from 0 15 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 10 of 47
3. SVHEAT 2D 3D Geothermal Modeling Software Tutorial Manual Written by Robert Thode B Sc G E P Eng Edited by Murray Fredlund Ph D P Eng SoilVision Systems Ltd Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Software License The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement Software Support Support for the software is furnished under the terms of a support agreement Copyright Information contained within this Tutorial Manual is copyrighted and all rights are reserved by SoilVision Systems Ltd The SVHEAT software is a proprietary product and trade secret of SoilVision Systems The Tutorial Manual may be reproduced or copied in whole or in part by the software licensee for use with running the software The Tutorial Manual may not be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means for the purpose of selling the copies Disclaimer of Warranty SoilVision Systems Ltd reserves the right to make periodic modifications of this product without obligation to notify any person of such revision SoilVision does not guarantee warrant or make any representation regarding the use of or the results of the programs in terms of correctness accuracy reliability currentness or otherwise the user is expected to make the final evaluation in the context of his her own problems Trademarks Windows is a registered tradem
4. back to the start point 0 10 The diagram will appear as shown at the beginning of this tutorial after all the region geometries have been entered c Specify Boundary Conditions Model gt Boundaries Boundary conditions must be applied to the points associated with each region Once a boundary condition is applied to a boundary point this defines the starting point for that particular boundary condition The boundary condition will then extend over subsequent line segments around the edge of the region in the direction in which the region shape was originally entered Boundary conditions remain in effect around a shape until they are re defined The user may not define two different boundary conditions to the same line segment More information on boundary conditions can be found in Menu System gt Model Menu gt Boundary Conditions gt 2D Boundary Conditions in your User s Manual Now that all of the regions of the model geometry have been successfully defined the next step is to specify the boundary conditions An approximate geothermal gradient of 1 C 30m will be simulated by setting the temperature at the ground surface to 6 C and the surface at the base of the model to 5 C The temperature of the pipe is 9 C and the heat generated by the warming of the roadway is set as 200 kJ hr i e a thermal flux boundary condition The steps associated with specifying the boundary conditions are as follows e Slope Region Shape
5. 1 Select the Slope dominant region in the drawing space 2 From the menu select Model gt Boundaries gt Boundary Conditions The boundary conditions dialog will open 3 Select point 0 0 from the list From the Boundary Condition drop down menu select a Temperature Expression boundary condition This will cause the Temperature Expression box to be enabled In the Constant Expression box enter a temperature of 5 6 Select the point 100 0 from the list 7 From the Boundary Condition drop down select a Zero Flux boundary condition 8 Repeat for the remaining points referring to this table Boundary Condition Temperature Expression Expression o 0o to o E pp 6 9 30 Zero Flux 8 2383 E Oooo E 4 20 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 1l of 47 200000 1 hr 1m2 a J w Conine A OA 0 0 Zero Flux E ee a E oe o o o 0 0 Contime _ __ NOTE The Temperature Expression boundary condition for the point 100 30 becomes the boundary condition for the following line segments that have a Continue boundary condition until a new boundary condition is specified By specifying a Flux Expression condition at point 33 22 the Continue boundary condition is stopped e Slope Region Shape 2 9 10 11 12 13 Select the Slope circle region from the drawing space From the menu select Model gt Boundaries gt Boun
6. cross hairs E E Move the cursor near 0 0 in the drawing space You can view the coordinates of the current position the mouse is at in the status bar just below the workspace 6 To select the point as part of the shape left click on the Point 7 Now move the cursor near 12 0 and then left click on the Point A line is now drawn from 0 0 to 12 0 8 Repeat this process for the remaining points Refer to the previous section of this manual for the geometry points for each region 9 For the last point 0 10 Double click on the point to finish the shape A line is now drawn from 0 20 to 0 10 and the shape is automatically finished by SVHEAT by drawing a line from 0 10 back to the start point 0 0 If the main geometry been entered correctly the shape should look like the following NOTE Ifa mistake was made entering the coordinate points for a shape then select a shape with the mouse and select Edit gt Delete from the menu This will remove the entire shape from the region To edit the shape use the Region Properties dialog e Define the Basement 10 Select Basement as the region by going to Model gt Geometry gt Regions and SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 20 of 47 11 12 1 3 14 5 16 17 clicking on Basement Press OK to close the dialog Select Draw gt Model Geometry gt Region Polygon from the menu Move the cursor near 12 0 in the drawing space
7. grid lines 1 Select Surface 1 as the region by going to Model gt Geometry gt Surfaces and clicking on Surface 1 Press OK to close the dialog Click Model gt Geometry gt Surface Properties in the menu to open the Surface Properties dialog Select Elevation Data from the Definition Options drop down Select the Elevations tab and click the Define Grid lines button to set up the grid for the selected surface There will be default grid lines of O and 10 present Click the Add Regular button to open the Add Regular X Gridlines dialog Enter 2 for Start 1 for Increment Value and 22 for End Click OK to add the gridlines and Close the dialog Click on Define Grid button again and move to the Y Grid Lines tab and repeat steps 7 to 8 for the Y gridlines Now that the grid has been set up elevations must be specified for all the grid points 10 11 12 Enter 0 in the Set Nulls field Click the Set Nulls button and all the missing elevations will be set to O Click OK to store the elevations and close the dialog e Define Surface 2 This surface is already present Follow the steps for defining Surface 1 elevations except enter 10 in the Set Nulls field and press the Set Nulls button This will set the Surface 2 elevations to 10m e Define Surface 3 The following steps are required to add the third surface to the model Since Surface 2 and Surface 3 have the same grid lines Surface 2 grid will be copied dur
8. in the data grid SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 46 of 47 5 2 Click Multiple Update button Click the lt button to set time steps for temperature output Click OK button Run Model Click the menu of Solve gt gt Analyze Results and Discussion a Display Temperature at Different Layers 1 Click menu of Window gt gt AcuMesh 2 Click menu of Graphs gt gt Plot Manager 3 Click Point tab 4 Select the row with title of TempAtEachLayer from the data grid table double click the selected row The temperature changing at different location is illustrated in Figure 6 Layerl 0 2 layer2 1 layer3 5 layer top 0 Layer3 mid 3 3 E Bd H 3 E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time day Figure 1 Temperature distribution at different locations 5 Change Y axis title into Temperature C as indicating in Figure 1 6 Copy the graph and paste it to your document by clicking the button indicating in Figure 6 7 Click OK button Soil Temperature Distribution along the elevation SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 47 of 47 1 Click Plots tab 2 Double click the row with Title of Temp 3 The temperature changing along elevation from O to 5 m at the time of 180 days is illustrated in Figure 7 Temp 180 0 00 Y m SS aan gt j E ER VAENE i i i H i A A A oe
9. parameter A 0 035 parameter B 0 450 Soil dry density 1320 kg m 24 Click OK button Specify Volumetric Water Content VWC of clay material 25 Click VWC tab Enter a constant water content of clay material SatVWC 0 45 m3 m VWC 0 3 m3 m 26 Click OK button in the Material Properties dialog 27 Click OK button in the Material Manager dialog e Apply Material to Each Region Click menu of Model gt gt Geometry gt gt Regions Select the R1 region in the data grid Click Properties button Select asphalt from the Material drop down list on the bottom left corner in the dialog Click OK button AON ul Select R2 region in the data grid Click Properties button Select sand from the Material drop down list on the bottom left corner in the dialog Click OK button oo 10 10 Select R3 region in the data grid 11 Click Properties button 12 Select silty clay from the Material drop down list on the bottom left corner in the dialog 13 Click OK button in Region Properties 14 Click OK button in Regions dialog NOT You can open a particular region properties dialog by moving mouse SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD 1D Simple Road pavement 37 of 47 onto a particular region and then double clicking the region as shown in Figure 2 0 00 Materials asphalt Sand clay 0 50 1 00 1 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 00 4 50 5 00 Fig
10. the boundary conditions on the region shapes A temperature of 3 C will be defined on the Ground region to simulate an outdoor temperature The basement will be set to a temperature of 10 C Boundary conditions can only be defined using a 2D view The steps for specifying the boundary conditions are as follows Change to the 2D view by selecting View gt Mode gt 2D 2 Specify Ground as the region by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu and clicking on Ground 3 Press OK to close the dialog From the menu select Model gt Boundaries gt Boundary Conditions The Boundary Conditions dialog will open and display the boundary conditions for Surface 1 These boundary conditions will extend from Surface 1 to Surface 2 over Layer 1 5 Select Surface 3 from the drop down box located at the top right of the dialog 6 Under the Surface Boundary Conditions tab select a Temperature Expression boundary condition from the surface boundary condition drop down box 7 Enter 3 in the Constant Expression field Press OK to close the dialog 8 Specify Basement as the region by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu and clicking on Basement 9 Press OK to close the dialog 10 From the menu select Mode gt Boundaries gt Boundary Conditions The Boundary Conditions dialog will open to the Segment Boundary Conditions tab and display the boundary conditions for Surface 1 11 Select Surface 2 from th
11. the project called UserTutorial by pressing the New button next to the list of projects If the project does not exist create a new project called UserTutorial On the right side in SVOffice 2009 Manager dialog click New button After that a dialog of Create New Model is opened In this dialog enter data or select the settings as shown following In the General Tab the following settings must be specified Application Select SVHeat from the drop down list Model Name Enter RoadPavement_TuT1D in the text box System Select 1D Vertical from the drop down list Type Select Transient from the drop down list Units Select Metric from the drop down list Time Units Select Day from the drop down list In the World Coordinate System Tab This tutorial is to simulate thermal transfer of soil below the road pavement Enter Y coordinate as following Minimum Maximum Y 5 0 In the Time Tab The model is to simulate one year of climate temperature on the road pavement Enter the end time of 365 days Start Time Initial Increment Maximum Increment coo NB SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 32 of 47 End Time 365 NOTE If the maximum increment time step is set too large it may effect FEM solution convergence Double check the above model settings If no problem then Click OK button in the Create New Model dialog After that an Options dialog will be opened Click OK button
12. 4 Modified Output settings due to time change Click the menu of Model gt gt Reporting gt gt Plot Manager In the Plots Tab Select all rows in the data grid Click Multiple Update button Click the lt button to set time steps for temperature output Click OK button In the Point Tab Select all rows in the data grid SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 44 of 47 Click Multiple Update button Click the lt button to set time steps for temperature output Click OK button 5 Run the model Click the menu of Solve gt gt Analyze 6 Analysis of result See above Change climate temperature based on hourly temperature The following steps are to modify model settings so that user can specify the hourly based temperature each day 1 Save model as a separate model name Click the menu of File gt gt Save As A dialog will be opened In this dialog do the following In General Tab Enter the New File Name SimpleRoadPavement_1D_hourly_Temp In Time Tab Select hr from the Time Units drop down list Click OK for the dialog suggesting to convert time unit automatically Change increment and end time to simulate 1 day Initial Increment 0 1 Maximum Increment 0 5 End Time 24 Click OK button 2 Modified climate temperature settings Click the menu of Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Climate Manager Select the row of DemoClimate fro
13. 5 of 47 The temperature contours indicate that the temperature of the pipe does not significantly influence the base of roadway Instead the heat flux due to the warming of the roadway surface has an influence of a few degrees 09 47 55 11 20 07 FlexPDE 5 0 19 Gradients 60 7 00 40 4 L 4 50 20 r EAAPAIIA ELA Scale E5 20 40 X Gradient Vectors show both the direction and the magnitude of the heat flow at specific points in the model Vectors show the heat flow is away from the pipeline as anticipated X Component of Flow in J hr 0 000000 Y Component of Flow in J hr 434461 1 Normal 1 On External Region Boundary Positive Flow is into Region 2 On Internal Region Boundary Region Given Positive Flow is into Given Region 3 On Internal Region Boundary Region Not Given Positive Flow is into First Applicable Region 4 Internal Left Hand Rule Normal Flow in J hr 434461 1 The Flux through the base of the roadway is displayed in the report dialog showing a breakdown of the X Y and normal components of flow through the model SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 16 of 47 3 Heated Foundation The following example will introduce you to a three dimensional model in SVHEAT The model is used to investigate steady state heat flow through a material resulting from a heated foundation under winter conditions The tutorial provides detailed set of instructions guiding the u
14. Climate Manager dialog g Apply Boundary Conditions Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Boundary Conditions Apply the climate to the ground surface Select R1 geometry by moving mouse to and clicking the region as shown in Figure 2 Click the menu of Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Boundary Conditions Select the first row with Y coordinate of 0 00 from the data grid in Boundary Condition dialog Select Climate from the Boundary Condition drop down list Select DemoClimate from the Climate Name drop down list as shown in Figure 4 Click OK button SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 39 of 47 Y Boundary Conditions Region Name A1 Select Shape Boundary Conditions Boundary Condition Description Units Boundary Name 0 000 Climate Climate DemoClimate C BN4 0 200 NoBC BNI Update Selected Point s 0 000 m Boundary Condition Climate Climate Name DemoClimate Boundary Name BN4 Show Boundary Condition Legend Copy Boundary Condition Figure 4 Apply climate boundary on the ground surface Apply thermal flux at the bottom of model geometry 7 Select R3 by moving mouse to the region 3 and clicking the region 8 Click the menu of Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Boundary Conditions 9 Select the 2nd row with Y coordinate of 5 00 from the data grid in Boundary Conditions dialog 10 Select Flux Expression f
15. Conductivity ensure the Data appears on the drop down menu before clicking the Data button 6 Enter the laboratory data points as provided in the A Three Dimensional Example Model section at the beginning of this tutorial NOTE To view the laboratory data press the Graph button 10 Click the Volumetric Heat Capacity tab Select the Constant radio button Enter 1 95e6 for the Frozen VHC and Unfrozen VHC text field and Click OK on all opened dialogs to accept the changes and close the dialogs Each region will cut through all the layers in a model creating a separate block on each layer Each block can be assigned a material or be left as void A void area is essentially air space In this model all blocks will be assigned a material 1 w SO US Specify Ground as the region by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu and clicking on Ground Press OK to close the dialog Select Model gt Materials gt Material Layers from the menu to open the Material Layers dialog Select the 3D Tutorial Soil material from the drop down for Layer 2 Select the 3D Tutorial Soil material from the drop down for Layer 1 Select Basement region by using the right arrow in the top right of the dialog Select VOID from the drop down for Layer 2 Select the 3D Tutorial Soil material from the drop down for Layer 1 and Close the dialog using the OK button e Specify Model Output Two levels
16. USSION ein abicurwseevea sue E GEA dais 46 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Introduction 4 of 47 1 Introduction The Tutorial Manual serves a special role in guiding the first time users of the SVHEAT software through a typical example problem The example is typical in the sense that it is not too rigorous on one hand and not too simple on the other hand The Tutorial Manual serves as a guide by assisting the user with the input of data necessary to solve the boundary value problem ii explaining the relevance of the solution from an engineering standpoint and iii assisting with the visualization of the computer output An attempt has been made to ascertain and respond to questions most likely to be asked by first time users of SVHEAT SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD Heated Pipeline 5 of 47 2 Heated Pipeline The following example introduces some of the basic features of SVHEAT and sets up a model of a buried pipeline The purpose of this model is to determine the effects of the heated pipeline on the frozen ground and the nearby roadway This steady state model is composed of two regions and two materials The model data and material properties are provided below Project Roadway Model PipeLineTut2D Minimum authorization required STUDENT Model Description and Geometry Materials 2D Tutorial 1 2D Tutorial 2 Y m Heated Pipline near Roadway 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 X m Slope Region Seam Region Shape 1 polygon Shape 2 Cir
17. You can view the coordinates of the current position of the mouse in the status bar just below the drawing space To select the point as part of the shape left click on the Point Now move the cursor near 20 0 and then left click on the Point A line is now drawn from 12 0 to 20 0 Now move the cursor near 20 10 and then left click on the Point A line is now drawn from 20 0 to 20 10 and For the last point 12 10 Double click on the point to finish the shape A line is now drawn from 20 10 to 12 10 and the shape is automatically finished by SVHEAT by drawing a line from 12 10 back to the start point 12 0 NOTE At times it may be somewhat tricky to snap to a grid point that is near a line defined for a region Turn the object snap off by clicking on OSNAP in the status bar to alleviate this problem After all the region geometry has been entered it will have the appearance of the diagram below without the coloring A x0 F Material E 30 Tutorial Soil 26 0 Heated Foundation 22 0 18 0 14 0 10 0 Y m 60 20 Basement 20 6 0 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 21 of 47 This model consists of three surfaces Although it is not required the two surface grids have the same dimensions and grid densities By default every model initially has two surfaces e Define Surface 1 This surface is already present so the next step is to define the
18. anager and return to the workspace f Run Model Solve gt Analyze The next step is to analyze the model Select Solve gt Analyze from the menu This action will write the descriptor file and open the SVHEAT solver The solver will automatically begin solving the model g Visualize Results Window gt AcuMesh Once you have analyzed the model the output plots can be visualized using ACUMESH In order to view plots in ACUMESH select Window gt ACUMESH from the menu Plots can visualized by selecting the desired process under Plots in the menu 3 2 Results and Discussion After the model has finished solving the results will be displayed in the dialog of thumbnail plots within the SVHEAT solver Right click the mouse and select Maximize to enlarge any of the thumbnail plots This section will give a brief analysis for each plot that was generated SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation TempSurface on Z 10 27 13 33 13 11 20 07 24 1 72 3 30 FlexPDE 5 0 19 Tutorial HeatedFoundTut3D Grid 4 p2 Nodes 25121 Cells 16396 RMS Err 0 0059 Stage 1 Integral 2541 165 10 2 9 90 9 60 9 30 9 00 8 70 8 40 8 10 7 80 7 50 7 20 6 90 6 60 6 30 6 00 5 70 5 40 5 10 4 80 4 50 4 20 of 47 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD References 28 of 4 References FlexPDE 6 x Reference Manual 2007 PDE Solutions Inc Spokane Valley WA 99206 47 SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD This page has been left int
19. ark of Microsoft Corporation SoilVision is a registered trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVOFFICE is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVFLUX is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd CHEM FLUX is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVAIRFLOW is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVSOLID is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVHEAT is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd SVSLOPE is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd ACUM ESH is a trademark of SoilVision Systems Ltd FlexPDE is a registered trademark of PDE Solutions Inc Copyright 2008 by SoilVision Systems Ltd Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Printed in Canada SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Table of Contents 3 of 47 An ATCO GU CHO MI e520 os seb tine atecs Snpated abedal ova Pete cieee 4 2 Heated Pipeline ad ieanceeteds 5 24 Model Setup sii kee AAA a A 6 2 2 Results and DiSCUSSION oocococccccococonocococococnnininnnnnnnnnnnenananenencninananannnnss 14 3 Heated Found ation cccccccc cece cece cece cece cece eee e ease ease ea ec esas esas esse ee eeeeneneeegs 16 3 1 Model SCtU pitt tee detic erste dete idea 17 3 2 Results and DISCUSSION cummins Berek aati eee ee et 26 A RETELEN CES ar a cages Jat ate cans dah ct alaag eranis dayne Spade beens ae a EE AE a 28 5 1D Simple Road PpaveMent een idinaan idiei 30 5 1 Model SetU pesca a ee ae eee a 31 5 2 Results and DISC
20. aterial Name asphalt Click OK button in the New Material dialog Specify thermal Conductivity for for asphalt material Click Conductivity tab to specify thermal conductivity Select Constant from the drop down list of Thermal Conductivity Option Select the check box of Same value for unfrozen or frozen material Enter the constant value of thermal conductivity for asphalt Unfrozen Material 103680 J day m C Thermal conductivity for asphalt material is estimated as 1 2 w m C or 1 2 x 3600 x 24 103680 J day m C Specify the Volumetric Heat Capacity for asphalt material 5 6 Click Volumetric Heat Capacity tab Select Constant checkbox and enter the value of heat capacity Select the check box of Same value of unfrozen and frozen HC Enter the value of heat capacity Frozen Volumetric Heat Capacity 2520000 J m3 C Specify Soil Freezing Characteristic curve SFCC 7 Click SFCC tab Select None from the drop down list of SFCC method because the phase change for asphalt material is not needed to consider SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 34 of 47 Specify the Volumetric Water Content VWC 8 Click VWC tab The water content of asphalt can be neglected Enter a small amount of water content SatVWC 0 001 VWC 0 0001 9 Click OK button Specify Thermal properties for sand material 10 Click New button in the Material Manager dialog Enter material name sand 11 C
21. ating a new model 4 Select the following Application SVHEAT System 2D Type Steady State Units Metric Time Units Seconds s 5 Click on the World Coordinate System tab by selecting the World Coordinate System tab on the Create New Model dialog 6 Enter the World Coordinates System coordinates shown below into the dialog x minimum 5 y minimum 5 x maximum 105 y maximum 40 7 Click OK to close the dialog The workspace grid spacing needs to be set to aid in defining region shapes The Seam Region in this example consists of a filter type material The filter material of the model has coordinates of a precision of 0 5m In order to draw any aspect of the geometry with this precision using the mouse the grid spacing must be set to a maximum value of 0 5m 1 On the Grid Spacing dialog enter 0 5 for both the horizontal and vertical spacing and 2 Click OK to close the dialog b Enter Geometry Model gt Geometry A region is the basic building block for a model A region represents both a physical portion of material being modeled and a visualization area in the SVHEAT CAD workspace A region will have a set of geometric shapes e g polygons circles etc that define its material boundaries Other modeling objects include features such as flux sections text and line art These features can be defined on any given region The present model is divided into two regions namely the Slope region and the Seam
22. button to preview SWCC as shown in Figure 1 Fredlund and Xing Fit Volumetric water content 0 05 0 00 002 1E 003 1E 004 1E 005 1E 006 Soil suction kPa 18 001 1 000 1E 001 1E 002 9 Figure SWCC that is used to estimate SFCC Specify Volumetric Water Content VWC of sand material 15 Click VWC tab Enter a constant value of sand water content SatVWC 0 32 VWC 0 2 16 Click OK button Specify thermal properties for clay material 17 Click New button in the Material Manager dialog Enter material name silty clay 18 Click OK button in the New Material dialog Specify Thermal Conductivity for for sand material 19 Select DeVries approach from the drop down list Enter the thermal Conductivity of each phase in soil Solid Phase 708480 J day m C Liquid Phase 52272 J day m C Dry air Phase 2073 J day m C Vapor air 466560 kg m SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 36 of 47 Specify Volumetric Heat Capacity for asphalt material 20 Click Volumetric Heat Capacity tab 21 Select radio button of Jame Newman Solid Dry Density 1320 kg m 3 Specific Heat Capacity of Solid Component 800 J kg C Specify Soil Freezing Characteristic curve SFCC 22 Click SFCC tab Enter the interval of phase change temperature for sand From 0 05C To 1 50 C 23 Select the Tice amp Anderson Fit from SFCC Method drop down list Enter the value for
23. cle Oox py x Y x y o a a 50 18 A 0 le 100 LL 2 O CE AO dof o CE O O O gts SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 6 of 47 E EA MEA MEAN A Material Properties The only soil properties required to solve this problem are those related to thermal conductivity since a steady state analysis is being performed Material 1 Slope Region Thermal Conductivity curve laboratory data 1 58E 05 Oo po isews 1 29E 05 1 308 05 Material 2 Seam Region Thermal Conductivity curve laboratory data Conductivity J hr m C 10 2 00E 05 1 90E 05 1 80E 05 1 50E 05 1 30E 05 1 25E 05 1 20E 05 2 1 Model Setup The following steps are required in order to set up and solve the model described in the preceding section The steps fall under the general categories of Create model Enter geometry Specify boundary conditions Apply material properties Specify model output Run model amoan ow Visualize results a Create Model The following steps are required to create the model SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 7 of 47 1 Open the SVOFFICE Manager dialog 2 Create a new project called UserTutorial by pressing the New button next to the list of projects 3 Create a new model called Heated_Pipeline by pressing the New button next to the list of models The new model will be automatically added under the recently created UserTutorial project Use the settings shown below when cre
24. dary Conditions to open the Boundaries dialog In the Boundary Condition drop down select a Temperature Expression boundary condition Enter the value 9 and Click OK to save the input Boundary Conditions and return to the workspace d Apply Material Properties Model gt Materials The next step in defining the model is to enter the material properties for the two materials that are used for the model A material called 2D Tutorial 1 is defined for the major material region i e Slope Region and the material called 2D Tutorial 2 is defined for the smaller material region i e Seam Region This section will provide instructions on creating the first material Repeat the process to add the other material fi Open the Materials dialog by selecting Model gt Materials gt Manager from the menu Click the New button to create a material Enter 2D Tutorial 1 for the material name The Material Properties dialog should pop up automatically NOTE When a new material is created the display color of the material can be specified using the Fill Color box in the Material Properties menu Any region that has a material assigned to it will display the corresponding material fill color Move to the Conductivity tab Select Data from the Thermal Conductivity Option drop down and press the Data button Enter the laboratory data points as provided in the A Two Dimensional Example Model section at the beginning of this Tut
25. e drop down box SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 23 of 47 12 13 14 15 16 17 Select the point 12 0 from the list From the Boundary Condition drop down select a No BC boundary condition Select the point 20 10 from the list From the Boundary Condition drop down select a Temperature Expression boundary condition from the surface boundary condition drop down box This will cause the Constant Expression box to be enabled In the Constant Expression box enter a temperature of 10 and Press OK to close the dialog d Apply Material Properties Model gt Materials The next step in defining the model is to enter the material properties for the material in the model A clay is defined for both the ground and the basement This section provides instructions on creating the clay material 1 Open the Materials dialog by selecting Model gt Materials gt Manager from the menu Click the New button to create a material Enter 3D Tutorial Soil for the material name Press OK The dialog for the new material properties will pop up SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 24 of 47 NOTE When a new material is created you can specify the display a color for the material using the Fill Color box on the Material Properties menu Any region that has a material assigned to it will display the material fill color 5 On the Conductivity tab click on the Data button beside the Unsaturated Thermal
26. entionally References 29 of 47 SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD 1D Simple Road pavement 30 of 47 5 1D Simple Road pavement The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate e Procedures to create a 1D SVHeat model e Using different methods to specify thermal material properties e Applying the temperature as the climate boundary condition e Solve a transient problem of heat transfer Project Roadway Model RoadPavement_TuT1D Minimum authorization required STUDENT Model Description and Geometry Materials Asphalt Sand Silty Clay 0 00 0 50 1 00 1 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 00 4 50 5 00 Y coordinate 0 0 to 0 2 Region SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 31 of 47 5 1 Model Setup The following steps are required in order to set up and solve the model described in the preceding section The steps fall under the general categories of TATTOO Create model Create model geometry Specify model global settings Specify material properties Apply material to the each region Specify climate properties Apply boundary conditions Specify initial condition Specify model output Run model Visualize results Tune model settings a Create Model The following steps are required to create the model 1 2 Open the SVOFFICE Manager dialog To Open SVOffice software clicking Windows manual Start gt gt Programs gt gt SVOffice2009 Select
27. erial properties Set a reasonable value for thermal conductivity heat capacity and unfrozen water content as the function of temperature etc Also it is very important to specify correct boundary conditions to obtain a proper solution After a model setting is changed it is recommended to save the model as a separate name Change climate temperature based on daily minimum and maximum temperature In Figure 3 the yearly climate temperature change is approximated with a empirical formula However the daily climate data are recorded in a weather station SVHeat allows user to specify the temperature based on daily average temperature or daily minimum and maximum temperature The following is to modify model settings to use the daily min max SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 42 of 47 temperature changing pattern 1 Save model as a separate model name Click the menu of File gt gt Save As A dialog will be opened In this dialog do the following In General Tab Enter the New File Name SimpleRoadPavement_1D_MinMaxTemp Click OK button 2 Modified climate temperature settings Click the menu of Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Climate Manager Select the row of DemoClimate from the data grid Double click the 2nd column of Applied in the selected row to open the Climate Properties dialog Click Air Temperature Tab Select Data Smooth Cos Function from the Air Temperat
28. ew model Application SVHEAT System 3D Type Steady State Units Metric Time Units Seconds s The Settings dialog will contain information about the current model System Type Units and Time Units The thermal conductivity data for the materials contained in the model are reported as J hr m C In this case the data for the model is in metric units and the units information will remain unchanged SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 18 of 47 Before entering any model geometry it is best to format the Axes to ensure that the model will fit into the drawing space 1 Select the World Coordinate System tab 2 Enter the World Coordinates System coordinates shown below into the dialog x minimum 10 y minimum 10 z minimum 0 x maximum 30 y maximum 30 z maximum 20 3 Click the OK button to close the Create New Model dialog and to create the new model The workspace grid spacing needs to be set to aid in defining region shapes The geometry data for this model has coordinates of a precision of im In order to effectively draw geometry with this precision using the mouse the grid spacing must be set to a maximum value of 1 1 The View Options dialog will appear 2 Enter 1 for both the horizontal and vertical spacing and 3 Click OK to close the dialog b Enter Geometry Model gt Geometry A region in SVHEAT is the basic building block for a model A region represents both a physical
29. he first contour plot The Plot Properties dialog will open 3 Enter the title Temp1 4 Select Te as the variable to plot from the drop down 5 Click OK to close the dialog and add the plot to the list 6 Repeat these steps 2 to 5 to create the remaining plots shown below Note that the Mesh plots do not require the entry of a variable F Plot Manager lala Plots Point Area Volume Min Max Flux Sections Boundary Flux Other Temp Te Display and Say Gradients gradtx gradty Display and Sav N Add New Plot wj A z el g Copy Delete Properties Multiple Update a Add Defaults Default Plat OK Cancel Boundary Flux plots should also be created for this model In order to do this complete the following steps Select the Boundary Flux tab Add a New Report for the bottom of the Slope region By default this boundary was named BN1 when the boundary condition was defined for this segment Select the Plot Off option for this Plot under the Output options tab Repeat steps 2 to 4 for the Circle shape s boundary BN2 by default Click OK to close the Plot Manager and return to the workspace OUTPUT MANAGER Model gt Reporting gt Output Manager Two output files will be generated for this tutorial example a file of temperatures to be used as initial conditions in a subsequent transient analysis and a dat file to view the results in ACUMESH SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Hea
30. ing insertion of the new surface 13 14 15 16 17 18 The Surface dialog can be opened by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Surfaces from the menu Click New to open the Insert Surfaces dialog Enter 1 as the Number of New Surfaces Select to place the new surface At The Top Select Copy Grid From An Existing Surface Select Surface 2 from the drop down SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 22 of 47 19 Choose to Include the elevations 20 Enter 10m as the offset from Surface 2 This will set the elevation of the Z axis to 20m 21 Press OK to add the surface and 22 Click OK to close the dialog c Specify Boundary Conditions Model gt Boundaries Boundary conditions must be applied to region points Once a boundary condition is applied to a boundary point this defines the starting point for that particular boundary condition The boundary condition will then extend over subsequent line segments around the edge of the region in the direction in which the region shape was originally entered Boundary conditions remain in effect around a shape until re defined The user may not define two different boundary conditions over the same line segment More information on boundary conditions can be found in Menu System gt Model Menu gt Boundary Conditions gt 2D Boundary Conditions in your User s Manual Now that all of the regions and surfaces have been successfully defined the next step is to specify
31. ining points as provided at the beginning of this tutorial This will define the geometry of the Slope Region 8 For the last point 0 10 double click on the point to finish the shape A line is now drawn from 0 15 to 0 10 and the shape is automatically finished SVHEAT will draw a line from 0 10 back to the starting point 0 0 NOTE At times it may be somewhat tricky to snap onto a grid point that is near a line defined for a region Turn the object snap off by clicking on OSNAP in the status bar to alleviate this problem It should also be noted that shapes should in this case be drawn counter clockwise e Define the Slope Region Shape 2 Shape 2 refers to the geometry of the heated pipeline 9 Ensure the Slope region is current in the region selector 10 Select Draw gt Model Geometry gt Region Circle from the menu 11 The cursor will now be changed to cross hairs SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 9 of 47 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 If the slope Move the cursor near 50 18 in the drawing space You can view the coordinates of the current position of the mouse in the status bar just below the drawing space To select the point as the circle center left click on the desired point Drag the cursor out to a radius of 2 Let go of the mouse button to finish the circle To ensure that the radius is set to 2 open the double click on the circle shape to open the Region Properties dialog
32. lick OK button in the New Material dialog Specify Thermal Conductivity for for sand material 12 Click Conductivity tab Select Johansen approach from the drop down list 0 With the Johansen approach the thermal conductivity is calculated based on water content ice content and soil solid component fraction Material State Crushed Material Type Fine Solid Conductivity checked Solid Component 734400 J day m C The estimated value of thermal conductivity solid Component 734400 J day m C Specify Volumetric Heat Capacity for asphalt material 13 Click Volumetric Heat Capacity tab Select the radio button of Jame Newman Solid Dry Density 1600 kg m Specific Heat Capacity of Solid Component 700 J kg C Specify Soil Freezing Characteristic curve SFCC 14 Click SFCC tab Enter the interval of phase change temperature for sand From 0 01 C To 0 5 C Select the Estimated By SWCC from drop down list It is very important to specify the relationship between of unfrozen water content and the temperature If data of unfrozen water content is unavailable it can be estimated with soil water characteristic curve SWCC Select Fredlund and Xing Fit from the drop down list of SWCC Methods Click SWCC Properties button Enter the following value for the SWCC fitting parameter af 29 4 kPa SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD 1D Simple Road pavement 35 of 47 nf 6 04 mf 0 335 hr 105 9 kPa Click Graph SWCC
33. lick the Properties button 10 In Region Properties dialog click New Polygon button 11 Enter y coordinate of 0 2 12 Enter y coordinate of 1 in the second row of data grid 13 Click OK button SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 33 of 47 14 Click OK button in Region Properties dialog Region 3 1 to 5 m 15 16 Click New button in Regions dialog to create Region 3 Select the row of R3 from the data grid and then click the Properties button In Region Properties dialog click New Polygon button Enter y coordinate of 1 Enter y coordinate of 5 Click OK button Click OK button in Region Properties dialog Click OK button in Region dialog c Specify Model Global Settings Model gt gt Settings SVHeat global settings allows user to specify different features such as thermal conduction thermal convection ice phase change etc Furthermore soil water content can be specified in different approaches Click the menu of Model gt gt Settings to open the dialog However this tutorial will use the default settings d Specify Material Properties Model gt gt Material Three materials of asphalt sand and clay will be used in the model The following steps are to specify the thermal material for each material Click the menu of Model gt gt Material gt gt Manager Click New button in the dialog of Material Manager Enter the name for a m
34. m the data grid Double click the 2nd column of Applied in the selected row to open the Climate Properties dialog Click Air Temperature Tab Select Data Spline Function from the Air Temperature Options drop down list Enter the following time and temperature in the data grid NOTE You can copy dataset from Microsoft Excel and then paste to the data grid in the dialog Click the Graph button to preview the temperature changing with time Click OK button in the graph dialog r r 1 2 15 75 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 45 of 47 o o N N N IN O O 15 95 Coa ec ee e ee ERA ee O al EA po ls A E all E ee E lo A E o asp 1605 ss 161 a aw w wo 161 el 161 EH Al ll ao ise alo 5s9 24 15 9 Click N Factor Tab Change N Factor to 1 because the temperature at the ground surface is supposed to be equal to the air temperature N Factor Constant 1 Click OK button in the Climate Properties dialog Modified Output settings for the time unit change Model gt gt Reporting gt gt Plot Manager Click the menu of Model gt gt Reporting gt gt Plot Manager In the Plots Tab Select all rows in the data grid Click Multiple Update button Click the lt button to set time steps for temperature output Click OK button In the Point Tab Select all rows
35. matically be generated and 5 Notice that the flux section label is partially on the region boundary in the workspace To move the label location select the textbox in the workspace and drag it to the desired location NOTE Flux Section labels can be formatted in the same manner as regular text boxes Two levels of output may be specified i output graphs contour plots fluxes etc which are displayed during model solution and ii output which is written to a standard finite element file for viewing with ACUMESH software Output is specified in the following two dialogs in the software i Plot Manager Output displayed during model solution ii Output Manager Standard finite element files written out for visualization in SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 13 of 47 ACUMESH or for inputting to other finite element packages PLOT MANAGER Model gt Reporting gt Plot Manager The Plot Manager dialog is first opened to display appropriate solver graphs There are numerous plot types that can be specified to visualize the results of the model Three plots will be generated for this tutorial example temperature contours thermal gradient vectors and the final solution finite element mesh 1 Open the Plot Manager dialog by selecting Model gt Reporting gt Plot Manager from the menu 2 The toolbar at the bottom left corner of the dialog contains a button for each plot type Click on the Contour button to begin adding t
36. of output may be specified i output graphs contour plots fluxes etc which are displayed during model solution and ii output which is written to a standard finite element file for viewing with ACUMESH software Output is specified in the following two dialogs in the software i Plot Manager Output displayed during model solution ii Output Manager Standard finite element files written out for visualization in ACUMESH or for inputting to other finite element packages SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 25 of 47 PLOT MANAGER Model gt Reporting gt Plot Manager The Plot Manager dialog is first opened to display appropriate solver graphs There are many plot types that can be specified to visualize the results of the model A few plots will be generated for this tutorial example model including a plot of the temperature contours on both an X and Y plane gradient vectors temperature surface plot and the solution mesh 1 oy ee 10 Open the Plot Manager dialog by selecting Model gt Reporting gt Plot Manager from the menu The toolbar at the bottom left corner of the dialog contains a button for each plot type Click on the Contour button to begin adding the first contour plot The Plot Properties dialog will open Enter the title Temp1 Select Te as the variable to plot from the drop down Move to the Projection tab Select Plane as the Projection Option Select X from the Coordinate Direction d
37. orial SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 12 of 47 Click the Volumetric Heat Capacity tab Select the Constant radio button Enter 1 95e6 for the Frozen VHC and Unfrozen VHC text field 10 Click OK on all open dialogs to accept the changes made and return to the Materials Manager menu and 11 Repeat these steps to create the second material NOTE To view the thermal conductivity curve of the laboratory data press the Graph button on the bottom right of the Thermal Conductivity Data dialog The materials will also need to be applied to the model regions Follow these instructions in order to assign the materials to regions 1 Open the Regions dialog by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu 2 For the Slope region select 2D Tutorial 1 from the Material drop down and For the Seam region select 2D Tutorial 2 from the Material drop down e Specify Model Output Flux sections can be used to show the rate of heat flow across a portion of the model for a steady state analysis and the rate of heat flow moving across a portion of the model in a transient analysis 1 Select Draw gt Flux Section from the menu to open the Flux Section 2 Click on the point 21 20 with the mouse 3 To finish the Flux Section double click on point 35 20 A blue line with an arrow on the end should be drawn across the geometry 4 Default plots will be generated for reporting the results from the flux section will auto
38. portion of material being modeled and a visualization area in the SVHEAT CAD workspace A region will have a set of geometric shapes that define its material boundaries Also other modeling objects including features flux sections text and line art are defined on any given region This model will be divided into two regions which are named Ground and Basement Each region will have one of the materials defined as the region material To add the necessary regions follow these steps 1 Open the Regions dialog by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu 2 Change the first region name from R1 to Ground Highlight the name and type new text Press the New button to add a second region 4 Change the name of the second region to Basement and Click OK to close the dialog The shapes that define each region will now be created Note that when drawing geometry shapes the region that is current in the region selector is the region the geometry will be added to The Region Selector is at the top of the workspace Refer to the previous section of this manual for the geometry points for each region SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 19 of 47 e Define the Main region 1 Specify Ground as the region by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu and clicking on Ground Press OK to close the dialog Select Draw gt Model Geometry gt Polygon Region from the menu The cursor will now be changed to
39. region Use the following steps to add the necessary regions 1 Open the Regions dialog by selecting Model gt Geometry gt Regions from the menu SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 8 of 47 2 Change the first region name from Region 1 i e R1 to Slope To do this highlight the name and type the new name Slope Press the New button to add a second region Change the name of the second region to Seam and Click OK to close the dialog The shapes that define each material region are now created Note that when drawing a geometric shape information will be added to the region that is current in the Region Selector The Region Selector is found at the top of the workspace and appears in the following image Slope ma e Define the Slope Region Shape 1 Shape 1 refers to the entire region consisting of material 1 1 Select Slope as the region by going to Model gt Geometry gt Regions and clicking on Slope Select Draw gt Model Geometry gt Region Polygon from the menu 3 The cursor will now be changed to cross hairs 4 Move the cursor near 0 0 in the drawing space You can view the coordinates of the current position of the mouse in the status bar just below the drawing space 5 To select the point as part of the shape left click on the point Now move the cursor near 100 0 Left click on the point A line is now drawn from 0 0 to 100 0 7 Repeat this process for the rema
40. rom the Boundary Conditions drop down list 11 Enter a value in Constant Expression text box Constant Expression 5148 J day m2 The estimated thermal flux on the bottom is 0 06 w m 5148 J day m2 12 Click OK button h Specify Initial Conditions Model gt gt Initial Conditions gt gt Settings The transient problem must specify the initial conditions Click the menu of Model gt gt Initial Conditions gt gt Settings Select Constant Expression radio button Enter the initial temperature 13 C Click OK button A i Specify Output Settings Model gt gt Reporting gt gt Plot Manager Specify output settings for analysis of model running results 1 Click the menu of Model gt gt Reporting gt gt Plot Manager 2 Click Plots Tab SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 40 of 47 D NON UTRO e oO 11 In Plots tab some default outputs are created You can modify the output settings for your purpose Select the row with the title of Temp Click Properties button or double clicking the selected row Click Description tab Change Temp into MyTemp in the Title text box Click Update Method tab Change increment as Increment 1 Click Output Options Tab Check Write txt File check box A text file with file name of MyTemp txt will be created under the directory of model file after running the model Click OK button Specify temperature outp
41. rop down Enter 12 in the Coordinate field This will generate a 2D slice at X 12m on which the temperature contours will be plotted Click OK to close the dialog and add the plot to the list Repeat steps 2 to 9 to create the remaining plots as shown below Note that the Mesh plots do not require entry of a variable and 11 Click OK to close the Plot Manager and return to the workspace fe Piot manager lla Plots Point l Area Volume Flux Sections Boundary Surface Other HL velo setioton polen Solver Option Templ Display and Sav Temp2 2 Display and Sav Gradients gradtx gradtz Display and Sav TempSurface Te Display and Sav Add New Plot _ lt A Zl el El Copy Delete Properties Multiple Update al Add Defaults Default Plot OK Cancel OUTPUT ALES Model gt Reporting gt Output Manager Two output files will be generated for this tutorial example model a transfer file of temperatures and a dat file to transfer the results to ACUMESH 1 Open the Output Manager dialog by selecting Model gt Reporting gt Output Manager from the menu 2 The toolbar at the bottom left corner of the dialog contains a button for each SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 26 of 47 output file type Create the Te transfer file by pressing the SVHeat button 3 Click OK to close the dialog and add the output file to the list and 4 Click OK to close the Output M
42. ser through the creation of the 3D heat transfer model The model is generated using two regions three surfaces and one material The model data and material properties are provided below Project Foundations Model HeatedFoundTut3D Minimum authorization required STUDENT Model Description and Geometry Basement undation Region Shape Data for Tutorial HeatedFoundation3D Ground Region Basement Region SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Foundation 17 of 47 Material Properties 3D Tutorial Soil Material Properties Conductivity J s m C 2000 2 1999 o 1000 1001 1002 3 1 Model Setup The following steps will be required in order to set up the model described in the preceding section The steps fall under the general categories of Create model Enter geometry Specify boundary conditions Apply material properties Specify model output Run model O gt 0o0n50 Visualize results a Create Model The following steps are required to create the model 1 Open the SVOFFICE Manager dialog 2 Select the project called UserTutorial by pressing the New button next to the list of projects If the project does not exist create a new project called UserTutorial 3 Create a new model called HeatedFoundation3D by pressing the New button next to the list of models The new model will be automatically added under the recently created Tutorial project Use the settings shown below when creating the n
43. ted Pipeline 14 of 47 1 Open the Output Manager dialog by selecting Model gt Reporting gt Output Manager from the menu 2 The toolbar at the bottom left corner of the dialog contains a button for each output file type Create the temperature file by pressed the SVHEAT File button 3 Click OK to close the dialog and add the output file to the list and Click OK to close the Output Manager and return to the workspace f Run Model Solve gt Analyze The next step is to analyze the model Select Solve gt Analyze from the menu This action will write the descriptor file and open the FlexPDE solver The solver will automatically begin solving the model g Visualize Results Window gt AcuMesh The visual results for the current model may be examined by selecting the Window gt ACUMESH menu option 2 2 Results and Discussion After the model has finished solving the results will be displayed in the dialog of thumbnail plots within the SVHEAT solver Right click the mouse and select Maximize to enlarge any of the thumbnail plots This section will give a brief analysis for each plot that was generated 60 4 20 20 7 F 40 T T T 0 20 40 60 80 100 x The Mesh plot displays the finite element mesh generated by the solver The mesh is automatically refined in critical areas such as around the pipe contact where there is a significant change in temperature SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD Heated Pipeline 1
44. to close the dialog with the default settings b Create Model Geometry The model geometry is composed of 3 regions or layers as shown in the following table Region 1 R1 O to 0 2 m Asphalt Region 2 R2 Sand Region 3 R3 Silty Cla Two methods can be used to create model geometry One is to use menu of Draw gt gt Model Geometry gt gt Region Polygon to draw each region Another method is to enter the coordinate for each regions The coordinates for each region will be entered in this example The user must follow the steps below in order to enter the geometry for the correct result 1 Click the menu of Model gt gt Geometry gt gt Regions A dialog of Regions will be opened after clicking the menu 2 Select the row with name of Ri from the data grid table and click Properties button to edit the region properties NOTE You can also open the Regions Properties dialog by double clicking the selected region in the data grid Region 1 0 to 0 2 m 3 In Region Properties dialog click New Polygon button 4 Enter y coordinate of 0 After the value is entered a new bank row will be added in the New Polygon Shape dialog 5 Enter y coordinate 0 2 in the second row of data grid 6 Click OK button 7 Click OK button in Region Properties dialog Region 2 0 2 to 1 m 8 Click New button in Regions dialog to create Region 2 9 Select the row of R2 from the data grid and then c
45. ure 2 Fast open a region properties dialog f Specify Climate Propeties Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Climate Manager To simulate climate temperature effect on heat treanser use the climate manager to specify climate properties 1 2 3 4 Click the menu of Model gt gt Boundaries gt gt Climate Manager Click New button in the Climate Manager dialog Enter a climate name in the text box Name DemoClimate Click OK button Specify an approach to determine the temperature at the ground surface Generally the temperature at the ground surface is different from the air temperature In this tutorial N Factor approach is used CONAN Click General Tab Select Empirical with N Factor from the drop down list Click N Factor tab Select Constant from the drop down list Enter an estimated value of N Factor N Factor Constant 0 8 10 Click Air Temperature Tab SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 38 of 47 11 Select Constant Expression from the drop down list 12 Enter the following formula to simulate daily changing temperature shown in Figure 3 Constant Expression 1 2 15 sin 2 3 141596 365 t 3 141596 2 where t time It is a valid variable in PDE script 20 15 10 Air Temperature C o 10 15 20 Time Day Figure 3 Air temperature changing with time 13 Click OK button in Climate Properties dialog 14 Click OK button in
46. ure Option drop down list Enter the following time and min max temperature into the data grid Here only 5 daily dataset is used for example o f NOTE For a large dataset you can copy dataset from Microsoft Excel and then paste to the dataset of the data grid in the dialog Enter the time that the daily Min Max temperature occurs By default it is assumed that the minimum temperature is recorded at 6 00 am and maximum is at 13 00 pm Hour of Day at Daily Min Max Temp Hours at min temp 6 Hours at max temp 18 Click Graph button to preview the daily temperature changing with time as shown in Figure 8 SOILVISION SYSTEMS LTD 1D Simple Road pavement 43 of 47 Temperature C 79 i Tae de p a 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time day Figure 8 Daily temperature changing time Click OK button in the graph Click OK button in the Climate Properties dialog Click OK button in the Climate Manager dialog 3 Modify the end time of model simulation Considering only 5 daily temperatures are input in the climate temperature the end time of model simulation is need to change Click the menu of Model gt gt Settings Click Time Tab in the Model Settings dialog Enter the End Time 5 Click the Yes button in the dialog suggesting to update plot specification end time automatically Click OK button
47. ut at a particular location 12 13 14 15 16 23 24 Click Point Tab Click Multiple Entry button Select the Te variable from the drop down list Enter a group name in the text box Group TempAtEachLayer In the data grid table enter Y coordinate and tile as following po CO tempo Click OK button Select all rows in Point tab Click Multiple Update button Set increment step to 1 Increment 1 Click Output Options tab Select the check box of Write to txt File if not checked A file TempAtEachLayer txt will be created under the directory of model file after running the model Click OK button Click OK button in Plot Manager dialog Now the model settings are completed Figure 5 SOILVISION SYSTEMS UTD 1D Simple Road pavement 4 of 47 Materials Asphalt Sand Silty Clay 0 00 0 50 1 00 1 50 2 00 2 50 Y m 3 00 3 50 4 00 4 50 5 00 Figure 5 Model geometry and settings The points are the location to display temperature changing j Run Model Solve gt gt Analyze To run the model click menu of Solve gt gt Analyze k Analysis of Result To analyze the running results one approach is to use AcuMesh tools of SVOffice Another is to use the output data file that was created under the directory of the model file l Tuning model settings If the result is not expected try to tune the mat
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SVHeat Tutorial Manual