Library Noise Detector and Short Information Provider By Caryll S
Contents
1. Toggle switch 2 pcs P10 00 P20 00 Tact switch 1 pc P 18 00 P 18 00 14 x18 Plywood 2 pcs P75 00 P150 00 PCB 1 pc P160 00 P160 00 1N4001 2 pcs P2 00 P4 00 PIC16f877 1 pc P225 00 P225 00 ase ee 1 pc P35 00 P35 00 0 1 uf capacitor 4 pcs P2 50 P10 00 2n3904 8 pcs P5 00 P40 00 A 1 pc P12 00 P12 00 Wireless doorbell 1 pc P499 95 P499 95 Electret Microphone 1 pc P 150 00 P150 00 Total P 4 952 20 54 APPENDIX B Data sheets MICROCHIP PIC16F87X 28 40 Pin 8 Bit CMOS FLASH Aiino Devices Included in this Data Sheet PIC16F873 PIC16F876 PIC16F874 PIG16F877 A PPN branches wich are two cycle Operating speed DC 20 MHz clock input OC 200 ns struction cycle Up to SK x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory Up to 388 x 8 bytes of Data Memory RAM Up to 258 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory Pinout compatible to the PICTSCTIB 74E 7877 interrupt capability up to 14 sources Eight level deep hardware stack Power on Reset POR Power up Timer PWRT and Oscillator Start up Timer OST Watchdog Timer VDT with ts own on chip RC oscillator for reale operation Programmabd e code protection Power saving SLEEP mode Selectatse oscillator options Low power high speed CMOS FLASHEEPROM technology Fully static design In Circuit Serial Programming ICSP wa two pins Single SV in Circua Serial Programming capabity2. In Circuit Debugging via two pins Processor read write access to program memory Wide operating voltage range 2 V to 55V High Sink Gouroe Current 25 mA Commercal Industrial and Extended temperature ranges Low power con Horr lt 06 mA typical IV 4 MHz 20 pA typical 3V 32 kHz lt t pA typical standby current PIC16F877 874 Peripheral Features Timer bit timerlcounter with 8 bit prescaler Timert 16 b timerlcounter with prescaler can be incremented during SLEEP via external crystaliclock Times B be tin 56 ZILOG Z86733 MICROCONTROLLER PIN IDENTIFICATION DIP 40 Pin Figure 3 40 Pin DIP Pin Configuration Standard Mode Pin 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 35 39 40 Table 1 40 Pin DIP Pin Identification Symbol RIW P25 P27 P04 P06 P14 P15 P07 Vec P16 P17 XTAL2 XTAL1 P31 P33 P34 IAS IRESET P35 P37 P36 P30 P00 P01 P10 P11 P02 GND P12 P13 P03 P20 P24 IDS Standard Mode Function ReadiWrite Port 2 Pins 56 7 Port 0 Pins 4 5 6 Port 1 Pins 45 Port 0 Pin Power Supply Port 1 Pins 6 7 Crystal Oscillator Crystal Oscillator Port 3 Pins 123 Port 3 Pind Address Strobe Reset Port 3 Pin5 Port 3 Pin 7 Port 3 Pin 6 Port 3 Pin 0 Port 0 Pins 0 1 Port 1 Pins 0 1 Port 0 Pin 2 Ground Port 1 Pins 2 3 Port 0 Pin 3 Direction Output InfOutput infOutput infOutput infoutput Infoutput Output Input Input Output O
3. LCD MODULE 2 lines X 40 characters npn222 P alarm switch 30 Connected to Zilog Request Connected to Zilog transmit pin for serial Connected to Noise detector pnpS012 connected to matrix a W Aah OSC2CLKoUT 10 240 MHz zo Figure 3 4 Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix 31 SOK var resistor Connected to PIC BRO Figure 3 5 Schematic Diagram of the Noise Detector 32 1N5401 AC Source 35V 2200uf TRANSFORMER CT VIN VOUT LM7812 TO POWER SUPPLY Figure 3 6 Schematic Diagram for the Power Supply 33 3 List of Materials The following is the list of materials used in creating the circuit of the design system Materials Quantity Materials Quantity Z86733 Microcontroller IC 1 pc 03SBA10 bridge rectifier 1 pc diode 10 240Mhz crystal 1 pc 2200 uf 35v capacitor 1 pc 27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs 0 1 uf capacitor 4 pcs 78L05 1 pc 2n3904 8 pcs Male female connector 1 pc Toggle switch 2 pcs 0 1 uf capacitor 1 pc Tact switch 1 pc Keypad 1 pc 14 x18 Plywood 2 pcs 2x40 LCD 1 pc PCB 1 pc 1k resistor 3 pc 8x8 LED Matrix 2 set 10k resistor 6 pcs Wireless doorbell 1 pc 56k resistor 3 pcs Electret Microphone 1 pc 33k resistor 1 pc 1N4001 2 pcs 22k resistor 2 pcs PIC16f877 1 pc LM358 Dual Operational 1 pc Lm7805 Lm7808 2 pc Amplifier 750 mA transformer 1 pc 2200 uf 25v 1 pc
4. Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 3 Figure 3 4 Figure 3 5 Figure 3 6 Figure 3 7 Figure 3 8 Figure 3 9 LIST OF FIGURES Conceptual Framework Circuit diagram of room noise detector Snore Alarm Electronics Device Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device Block Diagram Diagram of whole library noise detector Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733 Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix Diagram of the Noise Detector Schematic Diagram of Power Supply PCB Layout for Noise Detector PCB Layout for PIC16F877 Microcontroller PCB Layout for Z86E08 Microcontroller Figure 3 10 System Flowchart Figure 6 0 Picture of the actual Library Noise Detector With short Information provider vii ABSTRACT The Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider is a portable device that is used in detecting noise in the library The device is used to control excessive noise inside the library The system uses an operational amplifier as a sensor to detect noise and microcontroller in displaying the output in the message display The design was developed as an alternative or additional help in controlling the noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library Keywords library sensor noise noise detector microcontroller operational amplifier message display Vill Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION a The design setting
5. lt message1 call linel ld r6 gt observe ld r7 lt observe call line2 Id 29h O ld 2ah b ld 2bh s Id 2ch e ld 2dh r ld 2eh v Id 2fh e Id 30h Id 31h s Id 32h 1 Id 33h 1 Id 34h e Id 35h n Id 36h c ld 37h e tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg1 tm p3 01h jr Z message_two jr loop_msg1 readytosendmsg1 message_two tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg1 call send_savemessage jr loop_msg1 tm p3 01h jr Z message_two call erase_lahat ld r6 gt message2 ld r7 lt message2 call line1 ld r6 4 gt do_not ld r7 lt do_not call line2 Id 29h Id 2ah D 78 loop_msg2 ld 2bh 0 ld 2ch ld 2dh n ld 2eh o ld 2fh t ld 30h ld 31h ld 32h e ld 33h a ld 34h v ld 35h e ld 36h ld 37h t ld 38h h ld 39h i ld 3ah n ld 3bh g ld 3ch s ld 3dh Id 3eh u ld 3fh n Id 40h a ld 41h t ld 42h t ld 43h e ld 44h n ld 45h d ld 46h e ld 47h d tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg2 tm p3 01h jr Z message_three jr loop_msg2 readytosendmsg tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg2 call send_savemessage jr loop_msg2 message_three tm p3 01h jr Z message_three call erase_lahat ld r6 gt message3 79 sleeping loop_msg3 Id r7 lt message3 call linel ld r6 gt sleeping ld r7 lt sleeping call line2 Id 29h Id 2ah s Id
6. night If the LED is steady or flashes bright often then the bedroom is inadequate and too noisy for sleep The 70 dB setting is for living rooms If this level is often exceeded during the day the area is uncomfortable If the noise 14 level is constantly over 85 dB light 8 hours a day then the environment is dangerous LM358 IC Dual Operational Amplifier is used to provide necessary circuit gain for sounds picked up by a miniature electret microphone to drive a LED Voltage gain should be measured in order to quantify if the sound entering the circuit is considered as noise in the circuit The same IC is used to make the design of the project possible Snore Alarm Electronic Device Figure 2 2 Snore Alarm Electronics Device Figure 2 2 is the picture of the snore alarm electronic device Breathe is a repetitive phenomenon Moments of silence and noise repeat Detection of snoring is based on the recognition of the cycle silence snoring The duration of each silence is compared to the duration of the previous silence 1 The duration of each noise is compared to the duration of the previous noise The precision of the periodicity of the cycle as well as the number of 15 successive cycles necessary to trigger the alarm can be configured by the use of jumpers connected to the input port of a micro controller Based on Figure 2 3 the snore alarm electronic device uses two potentiometers one to control the sound level of the tw
7. 100 law medical and religious libraries in the United States and Mexico These range in size from the Library of Congress to the smallest elementary school library In addition there are libraries serving the media and professions American libraries currently are expanding and enriching their services in an economy dominated by converging computing and communication technologies while facing severe cutbacks in public funding and government support A quiet ambiance is essential in the library it should have a peaceful and noiseless environment all the time to avoid distractions to library users But most of the time as the people in the library increase noise is always present and cannot be easily managed by the library staffs With this implication the groups decided to design a system that can help detect noise in the library with an alert message provider to let the people become aware whenever they are making loud noises The device will monitor the library without further intervention of the library staffs b Statement of the Problem Generally the library is a learning place for everyone In places like this where people are always present the tendency of having noise cannot be avoided When library becomes a noisy environment the main library rule to observe silence is violated As the people in library increase there is a bigger probability to have uncontrollable noise inside the library In this case the library staffs have a
8. 2bh 1 Id 2ch e Id 2dh e Id 2eh p Id 2fh i Id 30h n Id 31h g Id 32h Id 33h a Id 34h n Id 35h d Id 36h Id 37h e Id 38h a Id 39h t Id 3ah 1 Id 3bh n Id 3ch g Id 3dh Id 3eh a Id 3fh r Id 40h e Id 41h Id 42h n Id 43h 0 Id 44h t Id 45h ld 46h a Id 47h l Id 46h 1 Id 47h 0 ld 46h w Id 47h e Id 46h d tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg3 tm p3 01h 80 Jp z loop_restart jr loop_msg3 readytosendmsg3 tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmsg3 call send_savemessage jr loop_msg3 message_four cellphone tm p3 01h jr Z message_three call erase_lahat ld r6 gt message4 ld r7 lt message4 call line1 Id r6 gt cellphone Id r7 lt cellphone call line2 Id 29h ld 2ah c ld 2bh e Id 2ch l Id 2dh ld 2eh p ld 2fh h ld 30h 0 ld 31h n ld 32h e ld 33h ld 34h a ld 35h r ld 36h e ld 37h ld 38h n ld 39h 0 ld 3ah t ld 3bh ld 3ch a Id 3dh ld 3eh 1 ld 3fh 0 ld 40h w ld 41h e ld 42h d 81 loop_mse4 tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendmse4 tm p3 01h jp z loop_restart call erase_lahat jr loop_msg4 readytosendmsg4 tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendms 4 call send_savemessage jr loop_msg4 send_savemessage ld r1 29h ld r0 A call tx_data ld r0 T call tx_data ld r0 call tx_data loopsend_
9. P Bennett P J amp Sekuler A B 2003 Noise detection bandwidth uncertainty and adjustable channels Abstract Journal of Vision 3 9 9a World Book Dictionary Volume 1 A K and Volume 2 L Z 1976 By Field Enterprises Educational Corporation All rights reserved Birgitta Berglund Thomas Lindvall and Dietrich H Schwein editors Guidelines for Community Noise World Health Organization 1999 Floyd Thomas L Electronic Devices 5 Edition p 842 p 867 Mano Morris Digital Design 3 edition Herrick Clyde N Instruments and Measurement for Electronics p 17 p 19 Petruzzelis Tom Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius p 3 p 15 Owen George E Keaton P W Fundamentals of Electronics Vol 3 Braga Newton C Electronics for the Electrician 51 APPENDIX A Material Listings and Price Lists List of Materials MATERIALS QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL S eee 1 pc P200 75 P200 75 10 240Mhz crystal 1 pc P35 00 P35 00 27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs P2 50 P5 00 78L05 1 pc P18 00 P18 00 peli 1 pc P25 00 P25 00 0 1 uf capacitor 1 pc P2 50 P2 50 Keypad 1 pc P113 00 P113 00 2x40 LCD 1 pc P700 00 P700 00 1k resistor 3 pc P1 00 P3 00 10k resistor 6 pcs P1 00 P4 00 56k resistor 3 pcs P1 00 P3 00 33k resistor 1 pc P1 00 P1 00 22k resistor 2 pcs P1 00 P2 00 Lm7805 Lm7808 2 pc P24 00 P48 00 750 mA transformer 1 pc P187 00 P187 00 2200 uf 25v 1 pc P8 00 P8 00 53
10. and column are connected to the input ports of the Z86733 The input output ports of the LCD display are connected to the Z86733 for displaying the data The alarm switch is also connected to P01 of the microcontroller Figure 3 4 is the schematic diagram of the 8 x 8 LED Matrix display The LED Matrix display is connected to PIC16F877 as driver to display the message The PIC is connected to the noise detector and the Z86733 microcontroller Once the noise is detected it will trigger the PIC to display the message Figure 3 5 refers to the circuit of the noise detector The noise detector uses LM358 IC which is a dual operation amplifier The electret microphone is connected to the input part of the circuit The circuit has a connection to the input of the PIC16F877 and connected to Z876733 to trigger the alarm and the message display once noise is detected 28 LCD MODULE PIC16F877 2 lines X 40 characters refer to Q FIGURE 3 4 iaswan ann 10k F J444438333333 diners ui button Swi ss I is 7 Noise Ssage select aes POO T aa Ee refer to HH Co Ta FIGURE 3 5 YCC o Figure 3 2 Schematic Diagram of the whole Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider 29 CONNECTED TO PIN25 OF PIC RC7 CONNECTED TO PIN33 OF PIC RB INT Swi O delete button swi ws mes D o in M l 0 N ct ct ct i a a i Figure 3 3 Schematic Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733
11. hard time controlling and informing the people that they are creating intolerable noise that can disturb others c Objective of the Design The design aims to create a device that will detect excessive noise inside the library as well as inform the library users of the rules and regulations that are strictly implemented The following points were considered in order to implement the design project 1 To be able to lessen the library staff s task in maintaining a quiet ambience 2 To interface noise detector circuit with a microcontroller based message display and 3 To design an effective and efficient device for the use of school libraries d The Significance of the Design The design provides the library staff with a means of immediately controlling the noise level inside the library with any arrangement of the people It further provides a means of instructing students to accept responsibility for maintaining a level of noise in to the library conducive to studying The message provider presents a good alternative in posting or displaying the library rules and regulations For the designers being also student is and having the right to use the library it is important for them to implement the design to help the library staff in managing and making the library a better learning place All the people using the library will benefit from the design especially when they are annoyed of the noise and distractions created by unconcern
12. or context or frame of reference Noise is widely known in science and technology Its general meaning in such fields as in everyday life is useless or interfering signal of some form It is any unwanted sound due to a variety of causes Often noise is a nuisance because it interferes with a measurement that it is being made or with some signal that is being transmitted The amount of signal divided by the amount of noise that is also present is often called signal to noise ratio Techniques such as electronic filtering are often used to improve the signal to noise ratio This is useful if the signal that is being looked for is at particular frequency the filter allows that frequency to pass through but not the other frequencies which are present in the noise The study of noise is important because by understanding the processes that cause it we can try to reduce it Judgments of whether or not environmental sounds are noises are subjective but the fact is that unwanted sounds can precipitate severe psychological effects In addition above certain levels of intensity noises can cause physical harm Such uses of the term noise have been extended to the fields of electricity and electronics and in general to all areas that involve some form of frequency range Noise is generated within electron tubes and electrical conductors in general and all circuits posses an inherent level of random noise External interferences als
13. r4 29h ld r6 gt clear ld r7 lt clear call line2 ret showtxt or tmr 0ch clr counter ld value variable1 showtxt1 call Icddisplay inc counter cp counter letra jr uge showtxt call keypad cp press_no 0edh jr eq exittext cp press_no 0d0h jr eq exittext cp press_no variable2 jr ne outshowtx inc value clr seconds jr showtxtl outshowtx cp position 0eSh jr eq stoptxt cp press_no 0ffh exittext stoptxt autospace Icddisplay idle start_bit loop_upto8 jr eq autospace cp indicator 0ffh autospace flag jr eq stoptxt inc position inc r4 ret clr indicator ret inc position inc r4 Id indicator 0ffh the autospace happens ret ld r4 value ld data_out value call dis_char ret rcf or p0 01h clr ctr clr bitrate and com_flag 11111110b or tmr 03h or p0 01h cp bitrate 1 jr ne idle rl rO rl rO and p0 0feh cp bitrate 2 jr ne start_bit or pO shift_bit clr ctr rcf ld shift_bit r0 and shift_bit 01h or pO shift_bit cp ctr 8 clr rx_flag sidle sstart bit 8 bit data shift data shift 73 jr ult loop_upto8 and tmr 0fch or p0 01h ret baudrate rr rO ld shift_bit rO and shift_bit 01h and p0 0feh inc ctr inc bitrate iret display add data_out 30h dis_char Id data_set1 position call pulse ld r8 data_out call pulse 1 ret display_back add data_out 30h dis_char1 ld data_set1 p
14. the test sound level meter push pull rule and the noise detector circuit The noise detector was set to approximately 50 db noise level and in a testing room that measured 31 x 23 5 x 18 95 The setting was only at the minimum noise level of 50 db because according to the researches 40 db is the 46 considerable noise level in a library environment Since the device was placed on each table inside the library the distance of the source of sound is 0 25m 0 5m and 1m measured by the push pull rule from the noise detector This testing aimed to prove that the noise detector can detect different sound sources even if the source was almost one meter away from the noise detector The sound level meter was used to measure the amount of noise in terms of decibel Sound Level Source Distance Meter Remarks Normal Conversation Trial 1 0 25 m 55dB Noise detected with message display Trial 2 0 50 m 48 dB Noise detected but with no message display Trial 3 im 40 dB Noise detected but with no message display Music Trial 1 0 25 m 55 dB Noise detected with message display Trial 2 0 50 45 dB Noise detected but with no message display Trial 3 im 40 dB Noise detected but with no message display Scream Trial 1 0 25 m 58 dB Noise detected with message display Trial 2 0 50 m 51 dB Noise detected with message display Trial 3 im 45 dB Noise detected but with no message display Table
15. 4 4 Testing Operation with Sound Level Meter Based on the results in Table 4 4 the measured values have discrepancy due to the consistency of the sound sources that the sound level meter detects The noise level of the sound varies with its distance to the sound level meter When the source is near the sound level meter the decibel value is higher and as it gets farther the decibel value decreases For this reason the detection of 47 the noise detector also depends on the distance of the sound source As the sound level meter measures the noise level the noise detector also detects the noise at the same time It shows that the noise level set in the potentiometer is only approximately 50 db since lower than 50 db is still detected by the noise detector The remarks prove the design project set the validity of the input noise It only triggers the PIC16F877 to send alert messages to be displayed in the 8x8 LED Matrix if it reaches the set noise level of 50 db Even though detection of noise is in the process in the noise detector the warning is only made if the source of noise will reach or exceed 50 db which proves the efficiency and quality of the noise detector and the microcontrollers for the message display as the design projects works altogether 48 Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion The design project was able to detect excessive noise and provide a short message to remind the library users not to make excessiv
16. 7 Operational Amplifier special type of amplifier exhibiting very high gain very high input impedance very low output impedance and good rejection of common diode signals Electronic Devices 18 PCB used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors lubricants and stabilizing additives in flexible PVC coatings of electrical wiring and electronic components Electronic Devices 19 PIC or Programmable Interface Controller a type of microcontroller that is widely used due to their low cost serial programming and re programming with flash memory capability Electronics for Electrician 20 Potentiometer an electronic component that is used to vary the amount of current flows through a circuit Electronic Devices 21 Prototype building an actual circuit to a theoretical design to verify that it works and to provide a physical platform for debugging it if it does not Fundamentals of Electronics vol 3 22 Sensor a device that measures or detects a real world condition such as motion heat or light and converts the condition into an analog or digital representation Electronics Sensors for the Evil Genius 23 Signal to noise ratio the amount of signal divided by the amount of noise that is also present Electronic Devices 11 24 Sound created when objects vibrate resulting in a minute variation in surrounding atmospheric pressure Communications Engineering Black Book 25 Sound Lev
17. H SUSTAINED EXPOSURE MAY RESULT IN HEARING LOSS 107 db Power mower at 3 100 db Snowmobile motorcycle 110 db Power saw at 3 115 db Sandblasting loud rock concert Table 2 3 Environmental noise Table 2 3 pertains to different environmental noises and their equivalent noise level measured in decibel The Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA suggested the following daily permissible noise level exposure 20 OSHA DAILY PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVEL EXPOSURE HOURS PER DAY SOUND LEVEL 8 90 db 6 92 db 4 95 db 3 97 db 2 100 db 1 5 102 db 1 105 db 5 110 db 25 or less 115 db Table 2 4 OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure Based on Table 2 3 each person can only be exposed to these certain values of noise level directly proportional to the number of hours per day in order to avoid hearing impairment In an orchestral music room each musical instrument has its own sound level of music The commonly used musical instruments are listed with their corresponding sound level in Table 2 5 The table shows the measurements of sound levels quantify the music from becoming noise The sound level may also depend on the kind of music played by the musicians using these instruments and the volume of the music created An excess in the sound level creates noise 21 SOUND LEVELS OF MUSIC DEC
18. IBEL SOUND SOURCES 60 70 db Normal piano practice 70 db Fortissimo singer 3 75 85 db Chamber music small auditorium 84 103 db Piano Fortissimo 82 92 db Violin 85 111 db Cello 95 112 db Oboe 92 103 db Flute 90 106 db Piccolo 85 114 db Clarinet 90 106 db French horn 85 114 db Trombone 106 db Tympani and bass drum 94 db Walkman on 5 10 120 137 db Symphonic music peak 120 db Amplifier rock 4 6 150 db Rock music peak Table 2 5 Sound Levels of Music These statistics for the Decibel Chart were taken from a study by Marshall Chasin M Sc Aud FAAA Centre for Human Performance amp Health Ontario Canada There were some conflicting readings and in many cases authors did not specify at what distance the readings were taken or what the musician was actually playing In general when there are several readings the higher one is chosen 22 Chapter 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES Design Methodology The Library Noise Detector with a Short Message Provider was developed for implementation in school libraries to be used as an alternative or additional help in controlling noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library The design is a microcontroller based prototype that can stand alone without connecting to computer devices The design methodology was applied research that is often used to solve practical problems that relate to this kind o
19. Library Noise Detector and Short Information Provider By Caryll S Ferrer Harvey L Lim Aubrey Rae P Ronquillo A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Map a Institute of Technology November 2008 Approval Sheet Map a Institute of Technology School of EE ECE CoE This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the design report prepared by Caryll S Ferrer Harvey S Lim and Aubrey Rae P Ronquillo entitled Library Noise Detector and Short Information Provider and that the said report has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination Committee Aww Y Prof Susana T Alabastro Reader Design Advisg As members of the Oral Examination Committee we certify that we have examined this design report presented before the committee on September 9 2008 and hereby recommended that it be accepted as fulfilment if the design requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering tn Vic Dennis Chua Panel Member Engr Mary Ann Latina Panel Member r Meo Vincent C Caya Chairman This design report is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering as fulfilment of the
20. SI system Following the SI convention the d is lowercase as it represents the SI prefix dec and the B is capitalized as it is an abbreviation of a name derived unit the bel see below The full name decibel follows the usual English capitalization rules for a common noun The decibel symbol is often qualified with a suffix which indicates which reference quantity has been assumed For example dBm indicates that the reference quantity is one milliwatt Noise is always present everywhere but prohibited to areas that needs to have a peaceful environment such as libraries Library is a study place for people especially for students It is a place where books journals compact discs microforms other media and online access systems connect searchers to cultural factual educational and recreational information This information may be found in the local library or at other sites in an expanding global network of bibliographic databases Public libraries provide access to materials of general interest and are open to everyone School libraries support student research and enrich curriculum by integrating cultural and educational resources into classroom instruction Corporate libraries provide businesses with access to current research and developments in their fields and sustain productivity and competitiveness In the mid 1990 s there were approximately 76 500 school 15 200 public 6 000 corporate 4 600 college and university and 4
21. Table 3 1 List of Materials 34 Hardware Components These figures show the actual PCB layouts of the hardware components in the circuit PCB Layouts Figure 3 7 Noise Detector Figure 3 7 shows the PCB layout of the circuit of noise detector It is a double sided etched with single wired PCB design 35 Figure 3 8 Z86733 Microcontroller Figure 3 8 shows the PCB layout for the Z86733 Microcontroller The layout shows how the other components such as resistors transistors and capacitors should be connected to the pin configuration of the IC r eeeseag I A M F f Figure 3 9 PIC16F877 Microcontroller Figure 3 9 illustrates the actual PCB layout of the PIC16F877 This lay out shows the connection on the IC of the PIC microcontroller of the crystal capacitor and voltage regulators as part of the hardware components LCD Display The saved and input messages are displayed in the LCD The data to be displayed will come from the microcontroller The LCD will display the options of the user and the selected alert messages will be displayed in the LED Matrix 36 Keypad A keypad that operates like a cellular phone keypad was used for the user input message 8 x 8 LED Matrix Since the design displayed short information an 8x8 LED Matrix was used to display information visible to the people inside the library It is displayed the selected message of the user once noise was detected IL also di
22. UND STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS 1 Whistle Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed 2 Clapping Continuous blinking of LED Message displayed Normal we Ba ap 3 Conversation Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed Blowing of horns sed 4 outside the room Blinking with Low intensity of LED Message displayed 5 Music Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed 6 Scream Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed At 65 db noise level SOURCE OF TEST SOUND STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS T I I No message 1 Whistle Blinking with low intensity displayed 2 Clapping Continuous iu i low intensity of Message displayed Normal 3 Conversation Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed Blowing of horns No message 1 outside the room Ne Perecuon displayed l No message 5 Music Steady with low intensity of light displayed No message 6 Scream Steady with low intensity of LED displayed At 85 db noise level SOURCE OF TEST SOUND STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS 1 Whistle Low detection low intensity of LED No Saas displayed No message 2 Clapping No detection displayed Normal i No message Conversation No deste displayed Blowing of horns No message 1 outside the room No derechon displayed Steady light and dependent on the volume y 5 Music of Sound Message displayed 6 Scream Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed Table 4 3 Noise Detection with Diffe
23. _no 03h ret call wait_1 and p0 00000000b or p0 10110000b tm p3 02h jr nz five call delayk Id press_no 04h ret tm p3 04h jr nz six call delayk Id press_no 05h ret tm p3 08h jr nz seven call delayk Id press_no 06h ret call wait_1 and p0 00000000b or p0 11010000b tm p3 02h jr nz eight call delayk Id press_no 07h ret tm p3 04h jr nz nine call delayk Id press_no 08h ret tm p3 08h jr nz ask call delayk Id press_no 09h ret call wait_1 70 Zero sharp keypad_out and p0 00000000b or p0 1 1 100000b tm p3 02h jr nz zero call delayk ld press_no sub press_no 30h ret tm p3 04h Jr nz sharp call delayk Id press_no 0h ret tm p3 08h jp nz keypad_a call delayk ld press_no sub press_no 30h ret Id press_no 0ffh ret delete_button erase_char tm p2 10h jr z erase_char tm p2 20h jp nz readytosend tm p3 01h jp Z message_one jp loop_keypad clr seconds looperase_char loop_erase cp seconds 20 jr ule looperase_char cp position 0c3h jr eq exit_erase dec position dec r4 cp seconds 30 timer for erasing all char jr uge erase_lahat tm p2 10h jr z loop_erase 71 ld data_out 20h call dis_char Id press_no 0edh flag for erasing a char ret exit_erase Id position 0c3h ret erase_lahat ld r0 00 Id r1 29h clean ld r1 r0 inc rl cp r1 069h jr ne clean Id position 0c3h Id
24. am pulse enable pin sreturn end of initialization 3 20h set enable pin to high state 3 0dfh set it low 3 20h set enable pin to high state 3 0dfh wait awhile return 75 ld data_set1 r8 call split_data and p2 0f0h or p2 data_setl and p2 03fh or p2 40h nop nop nop or p2 80h and p2 07fh call wait_1 and p2 0f0h or p2 data_set2 and p2 03fh or p2 40h nop nop nop or p2 80h and p2 07fh nop nop nop and p2 03fh call wait_1 ret split_data ld data_set2 data_set1 swap data_set1 and data_set1 0fh and data_set2 0fh ret erase_ram ld r0 00 ld r1 12h clean2 ld r1 r0 inc rl cp r1 07fh jr ne clean2 Id r1 31h ret timer _int load data to port 2 3 0cfh 3 10h set register select high 20h set enable and register select pin high 3 0dfh load data to port 2 3 0cfh 3 10h set register select high 3 20h set enable and register select pin high 3 0dfh 3 0cfh sclear both pin 76 inc milli cp milli 100 jr uge segundo iret segundo clr milli inc seconds iret Id r3 1fh djnz r3 busy ret delay Id r3 01fh loop1 ld r2 0ffh loop2 djnz r2 loop2 djnz r3 loop1 ret delay 2 Id r0 100 del call delay dec r0 cp r0 0 jr ne del ret delayk Id r6 p3 rr r6 and r6 07h cp r6 07h jr ne delayk clr p3 call delay ret message_one tm p3 01h jr Z message_one call erase_lahat observe_silence loop_msg1 ld r6 gt message1 ld r7
25. aterial Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius 9 Frequency the number of complete cycles per second in alternating current direction The standard unit of frequency is the hertz Hz Electronic Devices 10 IC or Integrated Circuit a tiny complex of electronic components contained on a thin chip or wafer of semiconducting material Digital Design 11 Keypad a set of buttons arranged in a block which usually bear digits and other symbols but not a complete set of alphabetical letters Electronics for Electrician 12 LED light emitting diode a semiconductor diode that emits light when conducting current and is used in electronic equipment esp for displaying readings on digital watches calculators etc Electronic Devices 13 Library a collection of books newspapers records tapes or other materials that are valuable for research The World Book Dictionary 14 Microcontroller a single chip that contains the processor non volatile memory for the program volatile memory for input and output a clock and an I O control unit Electronics for Electrician 15 Noise an unwanted energy usually of random character present in transmission system due to a variety of causes Communications Engineering Black Book 10 16 Noise Level are measured with noise level meters generally with a weighting that mirrors human sensitivity to different frequencies Communications Engineering Black Book 1
26. d be placed before the noise detector detects a noise The scrolling messages experience delay because it also considers the blank spaces as a character g Definition of Terms These are the technical terms which are mentioned in the design documentation and design as follows 1 Alarm a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event Electronics for the Electrician Analog implies a continuous signal in contrast with digital which breaks everything into numbers Instruments and Measurements for Electronics Assembly translation of computer language the translation of assembly language into machine language IBM PC Assembly Language Breadboard a thin plastic board used to held electronic components that are wired together Electronic Devices Decibel literally means one tenth of a bel A unit named after Alexander Graham Bell It is not an absolute unit but rather it is indicated the relation between two powers Communications Engineering Black Book Detector a device that recovers information of interest contained in a modulated wave Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius Device an invention serving a particular purpose especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks Instruments and Measurement for Electronics Electret Microphone a type of condenser microphone which eliminates the need for a power by using permanently charged m
27. design requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Zk S e Dr Felicito S Caluyo Dean School of EE ECE CoE ii il ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We the designers would like to thank our parents for the support that they have given us in building the design that we have made our friends who willingly participated in testing our design effectively Engr Eliseo R Francisco who has been patient in giving us lectures and recommendations in the making of the design Prof Benigno Agapito Jr who checked the format of our document Prof Susana Alabastro who patiently proof read our documents and especially God Almighty who gave us strength and patience in making our design and documenting our sources Caryll S Ferrer Harvey L Lim Aubrey Rae P Ronquillo iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter 1 DESIGN BAKCGORUND AND INTRODUCTION The Design setting or context or frame of reference Statement of the Problem The Objective of the Design The Significance of the Design The Conceptual Framework The Scope and Delimitation Definition of Terms Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES Noise Detection Bandwidth Uncertainty and Adjustable Channels Room Noise Detector Snore Alarm Electronic Device Noise Sensor Simplifies Automated Noise Monitoring WHO Standard Environmental Noise D
28. e level varied The KNOB POSITION OF THE POTENTIOMETER became the comparative medium in determining the validity of the data in noise detection Moreover the STATUS OF THE LED can be determined when the LED lighted on as the noise detector detected noise The CONDITION results indicated that the tests simply show that the noise detector is in good condition and that it can determine the validity of an input noise Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit In order to quantify the considerable noise in the library based on the circuit of the noise detector another test was made which showed how the noise level was set and how much voltage was needed to reach a certain noise level To conduct the test a digital multimeter and the noise detector circuit were used The reference AC voltage as well as the variable resistances in the potentiometer was measured The noise level depended on the voltage gain of the operational amplifier VOLTAGE RESISTANCE DECIBEL CONDITION 9 49 V 50 Q 50 db Noise detected 30 V 12 5KQ 60 db Noise detected 94 87 V 25KQ 70 db Noise detected 533 48 V 51 4 K Q 80 db Noise detected Table 4 2 How the noise is quantified in the circuit 43 Based on Table 4 2 the resistances in potentiometer are set and the output voltage is measured The reference is a quiet environment in the library having a 0 03 AC voltage The table shows the values of the output voltages that should be produced by the c
29. e noise This feature of the design is an aid to avoid having too much noise created by the people inside the library The library staff takes care of borrowed and returned books as well as maintaining order in the library The device will inform the library users through the detector s alarm and alert messages displayed on a LED matrix panel after detection of excessive noise thus lessening the library staff s task of maintaining a quiet ambience Based on the research conducted a noise detector was designed that can vary the noise level and through microcontrollers a message display device was used to add functions to the whole design system The Library Noise Detector with Message Provider was put into operation by interfacing a noise detector s circuit into a microcontroller based 8x8 LED Matrix Most of the time students go to the library just to hangout chat with friends or use for their benefit of the facilities without realizing the disturbances they create This design project will be very much effective in maintaining order in school libraries because it will make the students become aware of the proper manner inside the library 49 Recommendation A further enhancement on the design of the Library Noise Detector with Short Message Provider is recommended in terms of its capacity for detection of other kinds of noise sources and its message provider Making the design not just portable but also wireless would be a great impr
30. ecibel Loudness Chart Chapter 3 Design Methodology and Procedures Design Methodology Design Procedures for Actual Design Hardware Design 1 Block Diagram 2 Schematic Diagram vi vii viii ONAWM AAR 3 List of Materials Hardware Components Software Design Software Components Prototype Development Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Testing of the Operation of the Library Noise Detector with Short Message Provider Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit Testing of Noise Detection with Different Source of Sound Testing of Noise Detection with Varying Distances Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion Recommendation BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix A Material Listings and Price Lists Appendix B Data Sheets Appendix C Program Listing Appendix D User s Manual Table 2 1 Table 2 2 Table 2 3 Table 2 4 Table 2 5 Table 3 1 Table 4 1 Table 4 2 Table 4 3 Table 4 4 LIST OF TABLES World Health Organization suggested Environmental Noise Level Environmental Noise OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level Sound Levels of Music List of Materials Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector How the noise is quantified in the circuit Noise Detection with Different Sound Sources Testing Operation with sound level meter 19 19 20 21 22 34 42 43 45 47 vi Figure 1 1
31. ed people e Conceptual Framework In order to build the design Ideas and principles related to the design were studied and discussed Figure 1 1 shows the conceptualized design of the system This conceptual framework illustrates how the system of the design works starting from its inputs then how it will be processed until it produces an output OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS A chime sound from a Noi Detect the noise wireless alarm after olse NM Ba ite within the area a noise is detected Communicates within User the microcontrollers A short message to alert setting Provides the alert that silence should be messages for awareness observed LED Matrix Figure 1 1 Conceptual Frame work The inputs are the noise and the user settings which are independent variables that come from the user and the surroundings The noise is the main input for the design that needs to be detected The noise level that the detector should identify can be varied through a potentiometer After the noise is detected the two microcontrollers will act as the communication medium for the detector and the output devices The Z86733 microcontroller will process the signal that the detector sends and then pass the alert message made or chosen by the user to the PIC16F877 microcontroller for it to output in the 8x8 LED Matrix A chime sound will first occur after the detected noise is processed and then followed by a
32. eeter and second to control the final gain of the analog amplifier When the user wants to increase the sensitivity the knob should be turned clockwise and at the middle course a long liner airplane at 10000 feet makes enough noise to switch off the LED On power up a timer is reset and starts to count The device is active only for the first two hours and after six hours If the alarm triggers after fourteen hours it means that a new night started and the timer is reset This is to avoid alarms right in the middle of the night This circuit is used to apply potentiometer in the design project 16 VSS A ms R19 VDD 100 F v VAOSH He 10K CEX QUARTZ RCOS LS1 ISpF CKO4 i us 2N2307 T018 SPEAKER CKO 2N2907 3 r zd RESET w V VSS ST6210 20DIP300 Figure 2 3 Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device 17 Noise sensor simplifies automated noise monitoring Based on this research study the Cirrus Environmental has launched its MK 427 noise sensor a self contained outdoor noise meter that connects directly to SCADA systems The sensor allows noise level data to be incorporated into Process Measurement and Control systems The data can be stored to provide a complete record of a plant s noise activities and can also be used to control noisy processes in real time For example a pump or fan can be throttled back when the noise it generates reaches an excessive level at the site boundary Unlike a con
33. el Meter measures sound pressure level and are commonly used in noise pollution studies for the quantification of almost any noise Communications Engineering Black Book 26 Transducer electronic device that converts energy from one form to another Electronic Devices 27 Zilog a onetime programmable microcontroller which helped to create the personal computer industry Electronics for Electrician 12 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES Noise detection Bandwidth uncertainty and adjustable channels Previous work has shown that the detection of band pass noise patterns is well described by an ideal observer indicating that observers can integrate spatial frequency information efficiently over a six octave wide band Kersten 1987 One interpretation of this result is that observers use a channel with an adjustable bandwidth that matches the bandwidth of the signal when detecting band pass noise Green 1960 To investigate the notion that observers use adjustable bandwidth channels for spatial frequency we had observers perform a noise detection task under two conditions an uncertainty condition where the bandwidth of the noise could vary from trial to trial and a blocked condition where the bandwidth of the signal was held constant during a block We used horizontal one dimensional band pass noise patterns that were Gaussian windowed The center frequency of the noise was 5 cycles degree and bandwidt
34. f study This form of research is necessary to improve this field of technology The group research is based on different designs of previous studies in relation to the design project Additional information and concepts needed were gathered from books journals articles and internet for further understanding of the design concepts With this information the group was able to portray the process of the system This approach helps the design to obtain a balance to the objectives and expectations from the actual results of the produced design prototype Design Procedures for Actual Design The noise detector application was used as a reference for the design The circuit was customized so that the level of sensitivity can be varied The logic of the process in making the design was carefully analyzed The step by step processes in making the design are as follows 23 1 The problem was determined and the factors that should be considered in the design were identified The objectives of the design were set and ideas on how the prototype should be designed were gathered Adaptation to the environment where the design will be implemented was also considered for the quality of the design itself 2 Researches on related literature for the design and how to conceptualize the other related designs were done Deciding on the approach and the possible applications that can be coordinated altogether for the design were one of the tasks was to find the
35. f you want to display a personal input message to display wait until a blank selection appears 9 If it is a user input message enter the short information that you want to display during the detection of the noise within the library Enter alert messages that can really catch the attention of the library user 10 The keypad functions like the cellular phone keypad and the tact switch beside the keypad is used for deleting a character 11 Set the desired level of sensitivity of the sensor by turning the knob of the noise detector The clockwise direction makes the noise detector turn from 50 decibel to 80 decibel 12 Turn on the toggle switch in the noise detector to start the communication between the display device and the noise detector 85 13 Leave the device on the table or in a specific place in the library then let it function by itself A default message of Mapua Library will be shown until noise is detected The chime sound will occur the LED indicator in the sensor blinks and the entered short information will be displayed once noise is sensed KEYPAD DEL OPTIONS s v iz Aes Res T qas q PIC16F877 Z86733 MICROCONTROLLER MICROCONTROLLER NOISE DETECTOR Figure 6 Pictures of the actual Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider 86
36. h varied from one half to four octaves Seven bandwidths were used and a detection threshold measured at each bandwidth for both the blocked and uncertainty conditions Stimuli were presented for 200ms At each bandwidth three 150 trial thresholds were collected Noise detection rm s contrast thresholds increase with the fourth root of bandwidth for the ideal observer For our blocked condition we again found that human observers noise detection thresholds increase with the fourth root of bandwidth Kersten 1987 Under 13 conditions of bandwidth uncertainty we found that detection thresholds continued to increase with the fourth root of bandwidth Our results support the notion that when detecting wide band noise patterns observers can adjust the band of spatial frequencies they use from trial to trial and select the frequency band efficiently To explore adjustable channels further we are investigating the effects of stimulus duration center frequency uncertainty and the combination of center frequency and bandwidth uncertainty on noise detection Room Noise Detector Figure 2 1 Shows the circuit of an existing room noise detector Which is used as the basis of the circuit of the library noise detector However instead of using fixed resistors a variable potentiometer is used for the variation of noise levels Figure 2 1 Circuit diagram of room noise detector The 50 db setting is provided to monitor the noise in the bedroom at
37. he output device for all the inputs in the keypad The behavior of each button in the keypad was also included in the program listing including each delays and functions on interchanging characters in the keypad which is similar to the characteristic of a cellular phone keypad Additional buttons were also included in the design for editing the alert message and for choosing the library rules and regulations that would be saved inside the microcontroller The stand by message was also included in the program while the device is in the steady state 25 5 After being tested the circuit was transferred into a PCB layout to avoid loose circuitry as compare to the breadboard The program was also burned in the ICs of the microcontrollers for further testing of the whole design prototype Testing and experiments have been made to test if the program works according to its environment on a near and far range of noise The testing and interpretation of data will be further discussed in the next chapter Hardware Design The following diagram refers to the hardware design of the system 1 Block Diagram LCD 2x40 characters Microcontroller M Keypad PIC16F877 Noise Detector Microcontroller of the 8x8 LED Matrix LED Matrix Figure 3 1 System Design Block Diagram 26 Figure 3 1 shows an illustration of the System Block Diagram for the system desig
38. ies To avoid destructions and annoyance to 40 others Factories traffic Shopping areas To avoid hearing impairment 70 both indoors and outdoors Table 2 1 World Health Organization suggested environmental noise level The information outlined in Table 2 1 is used as a basis to the setting of the noise level that the noise detector should detect Decibel Loudness Chart These are the measured increase in decibel level that depends on the change of the volume of sound PERCEPTIONS OF INCREASES IN DECIBEL LEVEL 1 db Imperceptible change 3 db Barely perceptible change 5 db Clearly noticeable change 10 db About twice as loud 20 db About four times as loud Table 2 2 Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level 19 Based on Table 2 2 the allowable additional amount of decibel level should only limit with the values given in the table to have an acceptable change of sound level in the sense of hearing These data are collected from a variety of sources which can help one to understand the volume levels of various sources and how they can affect our hearing ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE DECIBEL EXAMPLE OF SOUND SOURCES 0 db Weakest sound heard 35 db Whisper Quiet library 60 70 db Normal conversation 80 db Telephone dial tone 85 db City traffic inside car 90 db Train whistle at 500 truck traffic 95 db Subway train at 200 90 95 db LEVEL AT WHIC
39. ircuit in order to obtain the set noise level and trigger the message display In order to compute the equivalent decibel value the gain was computed based on the formula of db 20 log Vout Vin When the input noise reaches these certain amount of voltages it is considered noise in the circuit The standard noise levels can be found based on Chapter 2 on Review of Related Literature and Related Studies The results of this test help the user to understand how the noise is quantified by the noise detector considering different kinds of sources from the environment Testing of Noise Detection with Different Source of Sound To perform the test the noise detector circuit and any sound source were needed After learning how the noise level was set and varied from the results of its detection another testing was done in a 7 4 x 6 3 x 8 1 room to show and test how the noise detector detects different sources of noise that are usually found in a library In the test conducted specific sound sources commonly heard in a school library were used The Noise Detector was set to 50 db 65 db 85 db to detect noise based on the LED indicator and if the PIC16F877 was triggered to display an alert message The status results are most likely expected to have similar results based on the earlier test done by the noise detector 44 At 50 db noise level SOURCE OF TEST SO
40. it produces a certain output Prototype Development The summary of the whole process of developing the Library Noise Detector with a Short Message Provider is as follows 1 Submission and approval of the proposed design project 2 Conducting research on related studies articles and literature about the system design 2 1 Existing circuit of noise sensors as basis 22 The applicable or suitable microcontroller to be used 23 The standard noise level for the environment of the library where the design should be implemented 2 4 The program language to be used for the i o device 3 Preparing the list of materials and electronic devices to be used for the design hardware 40 4 Designing the circuitry of the noise detector with a variation of noise level 5 Testing the circuitry and encoding the program listing for the message display 6 Modifying and testing the actual finish product of the design in an environment for demonstration purposes 41 Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Since the design of the noise detector was based on an existing room noise detector as discussed in Chapter 2 of the Review of Related Literature and Related Studies the circuit was redesigned by having a potentiometer instead of fixed values of resistances and several switches for setting the noise level to be detected After the device has been constructed several testing has been made on the proto
41. l as the communication medium between the other parts and i o devices within the system design The language of the program in the Z86733 microcontroller is an Assembly Language which has simpler and shorter syntax of program codes For the PIC16F877 microcontroller the programming language used was C for the LED Matrix display The program codes are separated according to the different functions that will be performed by the i o devices in the system design Instruction sets used in the program dictates how each ports in the microcontrollers should be assigned and how each ports should function either as a receiver or sender of the data inputs and outputs as well 38 1 System Flowchart C START b m Initialization of LCD I Input data using the keypad I Short information to be displayed NO Continue displaying Is there a noise the default stand by message Send serial data to PIC microcontroller Output the short information from the Z86733 E END Figure 3 10 System Flowchart 39 Figure 3 10 shows the system flowchart of the design project The flowchart specifies how the system decides and sets its condition before it outputs any results It indicates the operation of the microcontrollers in processing the input data of the user and the input data coming from the noise detector The flowchart is the overall route of all the inputs until
42. ll showtxt jp numlock_a ld letra 02h ld variable1 4 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a ld letra 02h 65 ld variable1 5 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a key6 ld letra 02h ld variable1 6 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a key7 ld letra 02h ld variable1 7 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a key8 ld letra 02h ld variable1 8 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a key9 ld letra 02h ld variable1 9 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a key0 ld letra 02h ld variable1 0 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a ld letra 04h ld variablel a ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp input_a keydef ld letra 04h ld variable1 d keyghi keyjkl keymno keyprs keytuv keywxy keyzero ld variable2 03h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 04h Id variable1 g ld variable2 04h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 04h Id variable1 j ld variable2 05h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 m ld variable2 06h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 05h Id variable1 p ld variable2 07h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 t ld variable2 08h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 05h ld variable1 w ld variable2 09h call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 02h ld variable1 20h ld variable2 00h call showtxt jp in
43. msg returnla tittle school lower upper Id r0 rl transfer the content data of address to working reg r0 call tx_data pulse enable inc rl cp rl 6ah jr eq returnla sinc address to fetch next character from ascii jr loopsend_msg Id r0 0h call tx_data ld p0 06h this is for the alarm on state call delay2 Id p0 0h alarm off state ret ascii ascii Microcontroller Based Matrix Display ascii Mapua Institute of Technology ascii gt lowercase 82 number messagel message2 message3 observe do_not sleeping cellphone ascii ascii ascii ascii ascii ascii ascii ascii ascii end gt uppercase gt num lock gt message one gt message two gt message three Observe Silence Do not leave your things unattended Sleeping and eating are not allowed Cellphones are not allowed 83 APPENDIX D Library Noise Detector with Short Information Display User s Manual These are the proper ways in using the designed noise detector 1 Initially plug on the device in a 220 VAC to turn on the system design Make sure that the toggle switch on the noise detector is turned off before any task is be done 8 To choose whether the message is a user input or a stored message press the push button beside the keypad A stored message appears when the button is pushed I
44. n Initially the user will set the desired noise level in the noise detector and an alert message to be displayed after detection By using the keypad the user can input alert messages which are temporarily shown in the LCD display When the noise signal is detected and exceeds the noise level set the PIC16F877 microcontroller is triggered After the PIC microcontroller receives the signal it will transfer to the Z86733 microcontroller and the alarm will be turned on The Z86733 will acknowledge the transferred signal and it will then pass the user input message to PIC16F877 that controls the 8x8 LED Matrix for message display 2 Schematic Diagram The schematic diagram of the design system illustrates how the circuitry of the design was developed and connected with each other Figure 3 2 shows the whole circuit of the Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider This schematic diagram describes the different components used for the whole design system This circuit operates as noise sensor and message provider that are put together as one design system The block diagram represents the other circuit connected to the Z86733 microcontroller For the schematic diagram of the power supply refer to Figure 3 6 Figure 3 3 refers to the schematic diagram of the Z86733 microcontroller This microcontroller is responsible for handling the data to be displayed in the 27 LCD display and LED matrix The seven pins of the keypad for the row
45. o contribute to electrical and electronic noise Broadly speaking the term noise is used in information theory to refer to any form of disturbance of information bearing signals or to any meaningless addition to such signals This does not however include redundant signals added as means of checking the accuracy of the signals Noise levels are usually measured in decibel unit A decibel is one tenth of a bel B Devised by engineers of the Bell Telephone Laboratory to quantify the reduction in audio level over a 1 mile 1 6 km length of standard telephone cable the bel was originally called the transmission unit or TU but was renamed in 1923 or 1924 in honor of the laboratory s founder and telecommunications pioneer Alexander Graham Bell In many situations however the bel proved inconveniently large so the decibel has become more common The decibel dB is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level Its logarithmic nature allows very large or very small ratios to be represented by a convenient number in a similar manner to scientific notation Being essentially a ratio it is a dimensionless unit Decibels are useful for a wide variety of measurements in acoustics physics electronics and other disciplines The decibel is not an SI unit although the International Committee for Weights and Measures CIPM has recommended its inclusion in the
46. osition call pulse ld r8 data_out call pulse 1 dec position ret linel ld data_set1 80h set first address of first line call pulse pulse register select call display_msg go to fetching of data from ascii setting ret return line2 ld data_set1 0cOh call pulse call display_msg ret display_msg Idc r8 RR6_ transfer the content data of address to working reg r8 cp r8 24h 74 return Icd_init pulse pulsel jp eq return call pulse 1 incw RR6 pulse enable sinc address to fetch next character from ascii djnz r9 display_msg dec working reg r9 and check if 0 end of line ld r9 40 clr r8 ret ld data_set1 02h call pulse ld data_set1 28h call pulse ld data_set1 28h call pulse ld data_set1 28h call pulse ld data_set1 0ch call pulse ld data_set1 06h call pulse ld data_set1 01h call pulse ld data_set1 02h call pulse ld data_set1 40h call pulse ld data_set1 80h call pulse call delay Id r9 40 ret call split_data and p2 0f0h or p2 data_setl or p2 80h and p2 7fh and p2 0f0h or p2 data_set2 or p2 80h and p2 7fh and p2 0f0h call wait_1 ret sreset the character counter set data length for 8 bits 5x7 dots 2line pulse enable pin sentry mode inc address no shift pulse enable pin set dd ram pulse enable pin set dd ram pulse enable pin set dd ram pulse enable pin set dd ram pulse enable pin set dd ram pulse enable pin set dd r
47. ovement of the design itself A Wireless FM Transmitter and Receiver can be used in order to transmit the input signals from the microphone to the system design This device is also used to create a wireless connection from the noise detector to the message display device This is implemented to provide convenience and allows the library staff or roaming security guard to control the device at a distance of 10 meters maximum For practicality means it is much better to have only one set of the Library Noise Detector provided that it can detect noise in a larger area and alert messages are displayed in larger panel of LED Matrix The design system can also be applied in classrooms offices and in any environment where silence needs to be observed More improvement can be applied in the packaging of the whole system design to have a more sophisticated look in putting altogether all the parts or input output devices of the design prototype 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bogart T Linear Electronics 1993 Rutkowski G Operational Amplifiers Detection of Signals in Noise 2 Edition March 1993 Robert McDonough Noise Level Fay Thomas H ed Noise and Health 1991 Morrison Ralph Noise and Other Integrated and Hybrid Circuits 1993 Stanley W Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits 3d ed 1993 Interfering Signals 1991 Tempest W ed The Noise Handbook 1985 Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia Noise Vol 7 p 491 Taylor C
48. p amp Features a Internally frequency compensated for unity gain a Large dc voltage gain 100 dB a Wide bandwidth unity gain 1 MHz temperature compensated a Wide power supply range Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies 1 5V to 216V Very iow supply current drain 500 yA essentially independent of supply voltage Low input offset voltage 2 mV a input common mode voltage range includes ground a Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage a Large output voltage swing OV to Vt 1 45V 58 Pad Location Connection Diagrams LM358N DIP 8 oureur a v INVERTING INPUT A kaskada one was oxo wore 59 APPENDIX C Program Listing Program Listing in the Z86733 for Keypad and LCD data_set1 data_set2 data_out position milli press_no counter letra variable1 variable2 value ctr bitrate com_flag shift_bit seconds indicator di srp 10h Id spl 80h Id pO1m 04h Id p2m 001 10000b Id p3m 01h clr irq clr ipr Id t1 3bh Id pre1 00010011b Id preO 00100101b Id t0 15 Id imr 30h el equ 20h equ 21h equ 22h equ 23h equ 24h equ 25h equ 26h equ 27h equ 28h equ r10 equ rll equ r12 equ r13 equ r14 equ r15 equ 6ch equ 6dh sled 33sec delay keypad org 00h word Offffh word Offffh 3p33 p32 p31 p30 word Offffh word Offffh word baudrate word timer_int org Och disable interrupt set register
49. pointer to 10h initialized stack pointer at 80h set port0 p0 as output set port2 p2 as output set port2 as digit and push pull mode 3104 micro secs snote set crystal oscillator 11 150mhz 15 use 10 24mhz enable interrupt 61 call erase_ram Id r4 29h Id 28h 0ffh clr p3 clr pO call delay2 call Icd_init restart loop_restart input input_a ld r6 gt tittle ld r7 lt tittle call linel ld r6 gt school ld r7 lt school call line2 call delay2 call line2 Id position 0c3h ld r6 gt clear ld r7 lt clear call linel ld r6 gt clear ld r7 lt clear call line2 jr input tm p3 01h jr z loop_restart ld r6 gt clear ld r7 lt clear call line2 call delay ld r6 gt lower ld r7 lt lower call linel call delay call keypad cp press_no 02h jp eq keyabc cp press_no 03h jp eq keydef cp press_no 04h starting position of char display in the Icd 62 upper_input upper_a jp eq keyghi cp press_no 05h jp eq keyjkl cp press_no 06h Jp eq keymno cp press_no 07h jp eq keyprs cp press_no 08h jp eq keytuv cp press_no 09h jp eq keywxy cp press_no 00h jp eq keyzero cp press_no 0f3h jr eq upper_input jr input ld r6 gt upper Id r7 lt upper call line1 call delay call keypad cp press_no 02h jp eq keyABC cp press_no 03h jp eq keyDEF cp press_no 04h jp eq keyGHI cp press_no 05h jp eq keyJKL cp press_no 06h jp eq keyMNO cp
50. press_no 07h jp eq keyPRS cp press_no 08h jp eq keyTUV cp press_no 09h jp eq keyWX Y cp press_no 00h Jp eq keyZERO cp press_no 0f3h Jp eq numlock jr upper_input 63 numlock numlock_a readytosend send_msg ld r6 gt number ld r7 lt number call linel call delay or tmr 0ch call keypad cp press_no 01h jr eq key1 cp press_no 02h jp eq key2 cp press_no 03h jp eq key3 cp press_no 04h jp eq key4 cp press_no 05h jp eq key5 cp press_no 06h jp eq key6 cp press_no 07h jp eq key7 cp press_no 08h jp eq key8 cp press_no 09h jp eq key9 cp press_no 00h jp eq key0 cp press_no 0f3h Jp eq input jr numlock_a Id r1 29h Id r0 A call tx_data ld r0 T call tx_data ld r0 call tx_data Id r0 rl transfer the content data of address to working reg r0 call tx_data pulse enable inc rl cp rl 6ah 64 returni hang jr eq return inc address to fetch next character from ascii jr send_msg ld r0 0h call tx_data ld p0 06h this is for the alarm on state call delay2 ld p0 0h alarm off state tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendb jr hang readytosendb key2 key3 key4 key5 tm p2 20h jr nz readytosendb jr readytosend ld letra 02h ld variable1 1 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a ld letra 02h ld variable1 2 ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp numlock_a ld letra 02h ld variable1 3 ld variable2 02h ca
51. put_a keyautospace keyABC keyDEF keyGHI keyJKL keyMNO keyPRS keyTUV ld letra 02h ld variable1 20h ld variable2 0ffh call showtxt jp input_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 A ld variable2 02h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 D ld variable2 03h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 G ld variable2 04h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 04h ld variable1 J ld variable2 05h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 04h ld variable 1 M ld variable2 06h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 05h ld variable1 P ld variable2 07h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 04h ld variable1l T ld variable2 08h 68 keyWXY keyZERO call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 05h ld variable1 W ld variable2 09h call showtxt jp upper_a ld letra 02h ld variable1 20h ld variable2 00h call showtxt jp upper_a keyAUTOSPACE keypad_a loop_keypad two three ld letra 02h ld variable1 20h ld variable2 0ffh call showtxt jp upper_a clr seconds jp delete_button cp seconds 18 timer for auto increment jp uge keypad_out and p0 00000000b or p0 01110000b tm p3 02h jr nz two call delayk Id press_no 01h ret tm p3 04h jr nz three call delayk Id press_no 02h ret tm p3 08h jr nz four call delayk 69 four five six seven eight nine ask Id press
52. rent Sound Sources Table 4 3 shows the different results in testing the library noise detector with different sources of sound Based on the results the noise detector can 45 easily detect constant noise and high pitch sounds The detection varies with the kind of sound produced and its distance to the noise detector The sensitivity of the sensor depends on the noise level set on the noise detector IF the noise level is low the detector can easily detect noise and if the noise level is high longer time is needed to detect noise The intensity of light of the LED indicates how much noise is detected When the intensity of light of the LED is high it means that the noise has reached the sound level set on the noise detector If the LED blinks the noise is detected and it can either produce an alarm or not If it does not produce an alarm but the LED is blinking it means that the noise detector can still detect but the noise does not reach the sound level set on the noise detector On the remarks messages saved from the Z86733 microcontroller are transferred to the PIC16F877 for message display in the 8x8 LED Matrix These messages are only displayed if the noise detector has enough voltage gain to trigger the microcontroller Sudden loud noise that occurred during testing such as sneezing whistling and banging of the door was easily detected Testing of Noise Detection with Varying Distances The following materials were used to conduct
53. short alert message This concept describes how the device was designed for its environment and its users f Scope and Delimitation The device covers and delimits the following Scope 1 The noise level that the detector should detect can be varied through a potentiometer 2 LCD display is used to see the saved messages or user input message The keypad can be used to input lowercase and uppercase letters and numbers as well or a combination of different format of characters 3 The LED matrix is used for message display 4 Select button and delete button are provided 5 A chime sound will occur once a noise is detected and the selected message will appear 6 It automatically returns to a monitoring mode with a default message upon completion of its response mode 7 The device is a stand alone it does not need a computer or other devices to change message and do other things 8 It will use the principle of noise detector Delimitation 1 The detection of noise may be delayed considering the distance and the volume of noise from the microphone The message length can reach up to 35 characters only The standby mode has a default message that cannot be changed by the user There are only limited numbers of messages to choose from the design project The different messages to choose from are installed in the microcontroller which is limited to four different rules and regulations of a library User input message shoul
54. splayed the default message while in standby mode Electret Microphone The electret microphone serves as a transducer in the circuit It converts noise to electrical signal given that the circuit is an electrical circuit Basically it is a cardiod type of microphone which is said to be the most common unidirectional since all microphones can only absorb when the source is in front Operational Amplifier The operational amplifier has been found to be the best device for the system design It is a device that amplifies the signal coming from the microphone By getting the voltage gain in this stage the noise can be quantified in the circuit Its unique characteristic helped to make the design possible Software Design The microcontroller was used for the design project It gives control to the operation of the whole system of the design especially in interfacing the 37 noise detector with the LED Matrix display and also with the other input output devices used in the circuit The microcontrollers save the data coming from the user for message display It also functions as a medium for transmitting the noise signal coming from the noise detector The main routine of the program of the microcontrollers is to save the user input data and to acknowledge the noise Signal being detected Software Components The software component part of the design is placed in the microcontroller which serves as the storage of the received data as wel
55. suitable microcontrollers that can be used and tested using analog input from a serial data These researches helped how the design should be implemented 3 The circuit diagram of the noise detector was developed with the application of operational amplifier and a potentiometer for the variation of the noise level and the analog output needed by the microcontroller The designed circuit was tested in the breadboard and during testing the blinking of the LED indicator dictates the characteristic of the noise detection Z86733 a Zilog Microcontroller was used in the process of connecting the Keypad inputs displaying it to the LCD and sending the data to the other microcontroller Each pin of this microcontroller was manipulated 24 how it will function and be connected to other devices It also stored the program of the process and how the alarm can be manipulated according to its assigned function in the design The Z86733 Microcontroller is also the communication medium for the PIC16F77 the microcontroller which connected the noise detector and the 8x8 LED Matrix Program listing was the next process after designing the circuit diagrams The program applied the assembly language A serial input of data was used to test the program to the design itself Each function in the program was separated according to the objectives of the alert message displayed and the operation of the other devices connected to the microcontroller The LCD was t
56. type and the operation of each major components of the system In testing the operation of the detection process it is essential to know if the program responds with the electronic devices Hence checking was made by data validity and setting of the noise level of the noise detector Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector In conducting the test the circuit of the noise detector and the source of sound are needed The initial testing made was checking if the existing room noise detector with a fixed noise level will work after replacing it with a potentiometer with variable resistances The noise detector circuit was formed and temporarily tested in a bread board with a LED indicator for the noise detection After the circuit was formed it was placed in a slightly noisy environment In this testing the exact noise level was not yet exactly measured KNOB POSITION OF THE POTENTIOMETER STATUS OF THE LED CONDITION Approx 50 dB Lights on and continuously blinking Very good Approx 65 dB Lights on and blinking Good Approx 85 dB Lights on Slight delay of detection Table 4 1 Testing of the Operation of the Noise Detector 42 The result of this test showed the behavior of the noise detector as it detected noise or different sources of sounds from its environment Since the noise level did not measure the threshold value of the resistance set for 50 db to 85 db noise level the position of the knob showed how the nois
57. utput Input Output Output Output Input IVOU pu in Output in Output infOutput infOutput Port 2 Pins 0 1 2 3 4 In Output Data Strobe Output 57 Dual Operation Amplifiers General Description The LM358 consists of two independent high gain in power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage Application areas include transducer amplifiers de gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single power supply sys tems For example the LM358 canbe directly oper ated off of the standard 5V power suppiy vonaye wien 9 used in digital systems and will easily provide the required interface electronics without requiring the additional 15V power supplies Unique Characteristics a in the linear mode the input common mode voltage fange includes ground and the output voltage can also Swing to ground even though operated from only a single power supply voltage m The unity gain cross frequency is temperature compensated The input bias current is also temperature compensated Voltage Controlled Oscillator VCO Advantages a Two intemally compensated op amps m Eliminates need for dual supplies a Allows direct sensing near GND and Vour also goes to GND Compatible with all forms of logic Power drain suitable for battery operation a Pin out same as LM1558 LM1458 dual o
58. ventional sound level meter the MK 427 convert the noise level in decibels into standard 4 20mA and linear DC outputs With the 4 20mA output very long cable lengths can be used without reducing the accuracy of noise measurements The sensor incorporates a 1 2m microphone pole allowing the microphone to be positioned in free space well away from any obstructions Cirrus said that the pure analogue electronics are reliable and operate without any user intervention The sensor hardware is based on a well established Cirrus design that has been proven in harsh weather conditions To ensure that the sensitive microphone transducer is always in good condition it is fitted with an electrostatic actuator calibrator This can be used to make regular fixed point calibrations of the entire measuring chain thus verifying data integrity A pre scaling calibration system allows any 65dB span in the range 20 to 130dB to be selected by the user 18 Cirrus Environmental aims to help organizations measure the noise they make and thereby help manage the impact that noise has on neighbors and the surrounding environment WHO Standard Environmental Noise The World Health Organization has published guidelines suggesting the environmental noise lead Where Why dB School playground outdoors Avoid annoyance 55 Hospital rooms To avoid disturbing sleep 30 To ensure that speakers can understand Classrooms 35 one another Librar
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