USER MANUAL RAD — RADIOMETER ANALOG TO
Contents
1. C58 e 10uF SM CT_3528_12 N c62 MAX220 osi DIP16 SOL SMICT 3528 12 TTL RS232 USER MANUAL V9B L1 aa 10uH TH RNS 2 IF 100nF TH CK05 1M R12A SM_DIP16 SOMC SM 1206 fa os 6p PEN RXDO PDI PEO TXDO PDO PE1 XCKO AINO PE2 OC3A AIN1 PE3 OC3B INT4 PE4 OC3C INTS PES T3 INT6 PE6 IC3 INT7 PE7 SS PBO SCK PB1 MOSI PB2 MISO PB3 OCO PB4 OC1A PB5 OC1B PB6 470 SM 1206 48d 0190 200 9d z9SOL vOd LOSOL 03d ldd ooav Loav zoav ead Edd vdd Sd 94d 13d eoav 19 490v swsoav UT PA3 AD3 PA4 AD4 PAS ADS PAG AD6 PAT AD7 PG2 ALE PC7 A15 PC6 A14 PC5 A13 PC4 A12 PC3 A11 PC2 A10 PC1 A9 PCO A8 PG1 RD PGO WR oav owd av va zav zva oa soav ia zoav Odd OLNI79S LINIVOS saa rxox ATMega128 SM TQFP 64 u AL aL hy C53 10M SM 1206 TH CRYSTAL rad408 4 revC schem cpu Figure 15 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 26 C PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD TP13 Neg Stage 1 TP1 PSP Amp 1 out FUSE 2A TP14 Neg Analog supply 5 FILTERING INPUT J6 FILTERING OUTPUT TP2 PSP input TP15 Pos Analog TP3 PSP input TP4 PSP Amp 2 out TP5 VIN e after diode TC 1 VR1 Zero PSP Amp TP12 PIR Amp 22. 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 50 NIGHTTIME PIR Figure 8 Nighttime shortwave measurements Figure 9 The correlation between SW and PIR A fitted slope for this time series was C 0 0142 P 0 89 where C is the shortwave correction and Pj is the PIR thermopile measurement reported by RAD The corrected shortwave irradiance is Ro fos where Rm is the measured shortwave irradiance sw and Re is the corrected irradiance Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 21 Figure 10 compares Rm blue and Re red for all nighttimes Figure 11 shows a detail for one night The corrected nighttime Re are withing 2 Wm and the mean value is approximately zero PSP RAW blue CORRECTED red 201 3 04 21 111 21 40 to 201 3 04 22 1 12 17 37 now 201 3 05 16 18 19 PSP RAW blue CORRECTED red 2013 04 12 102 01 35 to 2013 05 03 123 11 59 now 2013 05 18 09 32 ES EE IIO B E ae 3 A s ge s NIGHTTIME W M NIGHTTIME W M 220 00 20 40 6 0 8 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 HOURZ Figure 10 The SW correction amount Figure 11 Compare raw and corrected SW on a typ ical night Real time and Post Processing the Data The above analysis is based on having a full time series and developing the correlation after the fact post processing For an on going real time data effort post processing is not reasonable At this time June 6 2013 RMR Co is developing real time
3. black PWR ite PAR 10 5 14 VDC CABLE C4 RAD TERMINAL RS422 Impulse MCIL 6 MP w LR to Belden 8425 x 0 6 m 1 shield 2 blue 3 red 4 black 5 white 6 green MCIL 3MP REMOTE ADAM 4520 O 32 2 CABLE C1 PSP Se ow 9 3 Belden 8428 x 1 2m cable to Impulse MCIL 4 MP w LR 4 4 1 shield 2 black 3 white 4 spare MCIL BMP 5 Viewtopins 6 C CASE shield A PSP B PSP MCIL 4MP View to pins rad_wiring Figure 21 RAD wiring 4 plug configuration 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 34 H RS422 Operation The serial output for RAD is either RS422 or R 323 as selected by the customer Both figures 3 and 21 show the option for either RS232 or RS422 RS422 is good for very long cables gt 100 m and or high electronic noise situations The standard nomenclature is used RS232 and RS422 connector wiring convention Ethernet Operation An ethernet version of RAD includes a serial server hub ICP DAS tDS3 The RAD box hole diagram with the ethernet connector is shown in Figure 19 American national standard ANSI TIA EIA 422 B formerly RS 422 and its international equivalent ITU T Recommendation V 11 also known as X 27 are technical standards that specify the electrical characteristics of the balanced voltage digital interface circuit RS422 provides for data transmission using balanced or differential signaling with unidirectional non reversible terminated or non terminated transmissio
4. in K Ty is the dome temperature in K and k is a constant generally set to 4 The output data line provides the average value of Rew and the last measured instantaneous value for Vade The Vade value will be somewhat noisy because it is an instantaneous reading It is provided for purposes of quality assurance It is best measured using the S command as described above There are a few simple tests by which one can evaluate the PIR performance When a heat source is placed above the PIR the thermopile signal should go positive For example put your hand over the dome creating a 37 C blackbody The output irradiance measured should be around 525 W m Next carefully place something frozen from the freezer above the dome creating a 0 C source and the irradiance should be approximately 315 W m Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 14 7 PSP Thermopile Circuit and Calibration Coefficients The PSP gain provided from the manufacturer is given by the equation where Rswy is the total downwelling shortwave irradiance and k is the PSP gain Typically k 8x10 volts per Wm As above the signal ups is amplified in the differential INA2128 and converted to an ADC count in the Max186 The combined output has a form of C gvi o where g is the combined gain for the amplifier and the ADC converter and o is the offset in counts For the PSP circuit g 2 125 After trimming the circuit with zero
5. is a corrected value If the actual case and dome ADC counts are c and c a quadratic correction yields c ad code 4 di cl da Cy da 5 6 The parameters ce i and cali i 1 2 3 are determined during calibration and set in EEPROM After application of this calibration correction the computed temperatures agree with the standard thermistor table to better than 0 02 C Cd Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 13 6 PIR Thermopile Circuit and Calibration Coefficients The PIR thermopile output voltage Upir is related to the IR irradiance onto the thermopile under the glass dome The PIR voltage is very small typically a few microvolts and must be multiplied in a preamplifier before being converted to a digital sample The RAD microprocessor samples the ADC at approximately 70 Hz so a ten second output time will average approximately 670 instantaneous ADC samples The ADC output is related to the PIR irradiance by the equation Uadc Vof f 1000 G K where Rp is the thermopile irradiance K is the radiometer calibration coefficient Vade is the output of the ADC in millivolts voff is the amplifier offset in millivolts which should be very small and G is the gain in the preamplifier circuit A typical values for Kpir is 3 x 107 volts per Wm Rp The analog to digital circuit uses a Max186 ADC to convert preamplifier output voltage to an adc count by the equation Ui p onum Uref
6. 0K ohms __ Connect power and a terminal 19200 8 N 1 Turn on the power SW version 17c set the parameters to the following Case thermistor enter C then choose 0 1 2 or 3 Dome thermistor enter C then choose 0 1 2 or 3 L 10 k 8e 6 g 120 O 0 K 4e 6 G 840 0 0 V 4 072 CO 33000 C 1 0 C 2 0 C 3 0 D O 33000 Di 0 D2 0 D3 0 A 00 Measure the following TP5 Vin 12 14 VDC TP13 5 v TP14 5 v TP15 5 v 30 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B l TP16 vref 4 095 v ____________ TP12 PIR out zero to lt 5 mV ______ TP4 PSP out zero to lt 4 mV ____________ U24 Case thermister in 951 mV ____________ U25 dome thermister in 950 mV ____________ U26 amp U27 are wired to ground _ Turn off power Remove J4 connector Resistance from TP16 U24 Case Ref R 33 00K Resistance from TP16 U25 Dome Ref R 33 00K Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 32 F Pipe Mount Base Figure 20 Two different pipe mount fittings are available for 1 5 schedule 40 80 pipe The top pipe mount bracket is made of heavy duty plastic It s fittings are threaded with helicoil inserts The bottom fitting is 6061 T6 aluminum with thermoplastic powder coat G Four Plug Configuration Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 33 CABLES C1 Three 3 conductor plus shield x 48 Provided Amphenol PTO6W 8 4S to Belden 8428 x 1 2m cable E
7. 3 RAD USER MANUAL V9B Dome fit 1 998e 05 3 345e 02 1 233e 01 DOME THERMISTOR MILLIVOLTS Meas ADC ADC Corrected 595 0 595 5 595 0 953 0 954 4 953 0 1279 0 1276 8 1279 0 DOME THERMISTOR OHMS CalR Meas ADC ADC corrected 5621 5317 5322 5317 10000 9488 9506 9488 14974 14208 14173 14208 DOME THERMISTOR DEG C CalR Meas ADC ADC correc Tout 39 86 41 36 41 34 41 36 40 00 25 00 26 31 26 26 26 31 25 05 15 24 16 48 16 54 16 48 15 39 PSP THERMOPILE CIRCUIT PSP Calibration Gain g 118 92 Offset o 1 0 millivolts PIR THERMOPILE CIRCUIT PIR Calibration Gain g 838 60 Offset o 4 6 millivolts RAD SETUP COMMANDS 10 8 14e 6 Eppley PSP cal 4 27e 6 Eppley PIR cal 06 Experiment or SN 2 digits 4093 32987 4 806e 05 6 731e 02 gt 2 223e 01 32979 1 998e 05 3 345e 02 1 233e 01 118 92 71 05 838 60 4 57 Oaoo0 UUOoOOoOGaGaaa lt A yr 17 Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 18 9 Spot Checking Calibrations A simple circuit can be used to spot check the RAD calibration PIR THERMOPILE TEST CIRCUIT RED BLACK Vpir V R2 R1 R2 Example circuit 1 V 1 515 v AAA battery R1 3 00 MO 1 precision R2 6100 1 prec output R 600 0 Vpir 1 5 610 3000000 0 305 mV piru test ckt Figure 7 A simple spot calibration circuit diagram The output of this circuit Vpi
8. 44031 pdf These are 0 1 C interchangeable See figure B for the thermistor circuit The Max186 adc circuit has a reference voltage output Vref which is used in the thermistor circuits The Max186 is operated in the bi polar mode mode 0 giving it an input range of 2048 to 2047 mV The reference resistors are approximately 33K ohms The equation for the thermistor resistance independent of the reference voltage and is given by C Cmax where R e is the reference resistor which is connected to Vref cis the output count from the Max186 divided by 2 and Cmax is the maximum count of 4096 Note that c is corrected for the case and dome circuits as described in the section below Ri Ier The thermistor resistance is converted to temperature using the Steinhart Hart equation x Co Cip Cap T P 273 15 x where C 3 x 1 are the Steinhart Hart coefficients C 1 025579e 03 2 397338e 04 1 542038e 07 and p is the log of the computed thermistor resistance log R Finally a small self heating correction is subtracted as recommended by the manufacturer P IDEST 004 where P i R and Vade Ut Bref CASE AND DOME TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION VALUES Three metal film thermistors were selected and measured to high precision Rezi Ut T C 0621 0 5961 39 861 9991 0 9519 25 022 14966 1 2798 15 208 Correction of the Thermistor ADC Conversion The value ADC count c
9. 6W 8 4S to Belden 8414 cable to Impulse MCIL 4 MP w LR C2 Seven 7 conductors plus shield x 1 m Provided Amphenol PTO6W 12 10S to Belden 8427 cable to Impulse MCIL 8 MP w LR C3 Five 5 conductor plus shield x 1 m Provided Impulse MCIL 6 MP w LR to Belden 8425 x 1 m to open pigtails PLUGS P1 Amphenol on PSP P2 Amphenol on PIR P3 Impulse MCBH 4 FS P4 Impulse MCBH 8 FS P5 Impulse MCBH 6 FS MCIL 4MP View to Pins MCIL 8MP View to Pins Figure 3 Three plug wiring CABLE C1 PSP 4 SHIELD C CASE 2 BLK 3 WHT 4 CABLE C2 PIR 4 SHIELD 2 WHT 3 RED 4 GRN 5 BLU 6 BRN 7 YEL 8 ORN rad wiring 3plug 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 7 3 Grounding the System Figure 4 Grounding the RAD to the ship superstructure The grounding wire needs to make electrical contact to the ship superstructure For a land installation the ground needs to be grounded to earth ground How to Recognize Noise Problems Grounding is an important part of the installation Ships are gen erally noisy electronic noise places and one can see the noise in the raw signals The PIR amplifier gain is approximately 820 so noise is often apparent in time series plots of the PIR channel Grounding As shown in figure 4 the ground strap needs to be in electrical contact with the ship superstruc ture or Earth ground in a land install
10. MT 7 PIR LW TCASE TDOME SW T AVR BATT the number of samples that went into the averages the average voltage from the PIR thermopile millivolts the computed longwave downwelling irradiance Wm the PIR case temperature T the PIR dome temperature C the computed shortwave downwelling irradiance Wm the temperature on the circuit board C the battery voltage after the input diode drop volts Measurement Error Analog to voltage conversion noise is reduced significantly by averaging The ADC sampling noise is typically 2 mV for the PSP circuit and 5 mV for the PIR circuit The amplification gains for 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 10 these two signals are approximately 120 and 840 respectively In a 10 sec averaging period the sample count 4 is about 175 The sensor gain for the two radiometers are approximately 8 yV Wm and 3 uV W m respectively Errors for the radiometers are PSP error 2mv 120 V175 1 2 uV 1 PIR error 5mv 840 V175 0 44 uV 2 3 The measurement uncertainty 10 sec average are typically 0 15 Wm for longwave or shortwave output Main Menu To stop data collection and go to the command menu enter T case sensitive A prompt Command indicates the unit is in the command mode Enter to see a menu of available commands EEPROM variables are shown in parentheses Typically on can make changes to existing eeprom variables or to the time by entering the designated l
11. OR 144 X 20 FHh45 4 8 10 HOLES FOR 4 BLACK DELRIN FOR 1 1 2 PIPE 1 4 X 20 SHCS WITH HELICOIL maournt pate Figure 1 The PSP amp PIR are mounted together on a AB plastic mount The mounting pole is a standard 1 5 schedule 40 pipe OD 1 9 Hose clamps SS 2 ea CDU BOX Bopla Rose Aluminum Painted Box 01101608 00 Mounting plate 165x105 mm 6 5 x 4 13 in Mast 48 mm DIA 1 5 Schedule 40 PIPE Figure 2 Installation sketch The RAD Control Data Unit here is a three plug version with the power and 3 wire RS232 in the same plug Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B Serial parameters Parameter Setting Baud 19200 bps Start amp stop bits 1 Parity none Flow control none Connection to the Power Supply As shown in figure 3 the power serial cable is shielded As long as the RAD system is grounded as explained in section 3 it is recommended that this shield is left unconnected at the power supply Thus there is a single grounding point Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 EPPLEY PSP P1 me P3 RAD USER MANUAL V9B EPPLEY PIR P2 P4 1 SHIELD 2 BLK 3 WHT 4 GRN 9 RED 6 BLU MCIL 6MP View to Pins CABLE TO RS232 CASE SHIELD PWR COMMON PWR 11 16 VDC RXD DB9 2 TXD DB9 3 DGND DB9 5 CABLES C1 Three 3 conductors plus shield x 1 m Provided Amphenol PT0
12. PPLEY EPPLEY to Impulse MCIL 4 MP w LR PSP PIR C2 Seven 7 conductor plus shield x 48 Provided Amphenol PTO6W 12 10S to Belden 8427 x 1 2m P1 P2 cable to Impulse MCIL 8 MP wiLR C1 C2 C3 Three 3 conductor plus shield x 48 Provided Impulse MCIL 3 MP wiLR to Belden x 2 m to i A Junction box terminal block C4 Five 5 conductor plus shield x 48 Provided Impulse MCIL 3 MP w LR to Belden x 2m to RAD ADC Junction box terminal block PWR CDU C5 Three 3 conductor plus shield Aepco supplied TERM DC DC shield C6 Four 4 conductor plus shield Aepco supplied RD RD TD TD shield PLUGS P1 Amphenol on the PSP P2 Amphenol on the PIR P3 Impulse MCBH 4 FS P4 Impulse MCBH 8 FS Optional junction box m 1 i LJ 1 See DWG RAD 002 amp P5 Impulse MCBH 3 FS RAD 003 The junction P6 Impulse MCBH 6 FS within 1 2 m of the CDU Use Heyco PN 3210 DS S type compression fittings for all cables CABLE C2 PIR RADIOMETER C5 CO Belden 8427 x 1 2m cable to Impulse MCIL 8 MP w LR 1 shield black 3 white 4 brown 5 green 6 red 7 yellow 8 spare I I I l I I box should be placed l l l PIR hield DC Power RS422 Serial 10 5 14 VDC 2 twisted pair with shield 200 mA CABLE C3 RAD POWER MCIL 8MP Impulse MCIL 3 MP w LR to Belden 8428 x 0 6 m to pigtail View to pins 1 shield 2 black 3 white OnNOn BR wN shield CASE shield
13. R U6 B U7 U8 B u9 bc ps be RXD1 TXD1 RXDO TXDO TP7 TP8 TP6 TESTPOINT TESTPOINT ud ES I A MP Uti LM7812 TH_TO220 VIN VOUT o 32 4 4 7uF AS C33 SM CT_3216_12 4 7uF SM CT_3216_12 TP13 E TESTPOINT TP14 7A e TESTPOINT NEG ANALOG SUPPLY U14 U15 e ve R23 100K VIN VOUT Vin Output SM 1200 NN z FB SD osc h Vin NC db i r caP VREF Vin NC Sak 7 Au d CAP GND xD Vin 4 7uF SM 1206 AS c41 SM CT_3216_12 cis LT1054 ATUF 100uF i DIP8 SO SM CT 3216 12 LM79LOSACM CAPELEC VA TP15 POS ANALOG SUPPLY TESTPOINT e VIN e T U17 Vin Vout Gnd Gnd Gnd Gnd RESET MONITOR Cee c57 RESET NIC NIC ATF pus m LM78LO5ACM SM CT_3216_12 SM 1206 SM CT 3216 12 ZM33064 TO261AA SOT223 L RESET 31 sw PUSHBUTTON le d C13 C14 C15 2A u3 TH_RN55_UPRIGHT 1 3 go N EMIFILTER 1N5819 D2 1 MELF sua 14V MELE 4 TuF TH TO220 AUF 4 7uF SMICT_3216_12 SM_1206 SM CT_3216_12 VIN e R33 470 SM 1206 N D4 POWERLED XZ LED Y SM C_1206A Y N rad408 2 revC pwr Figure 13 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits 29 Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 R36A 100K SM_DIP16 SOMC RAD USER MANUAL V9B 12 BIT A D CH3 4 CH4 CH3 DIN CH5 CH4 SSTRB CHE CH5 DOUT CHT CH6 DGND CH7 AGND vss REFADJ 1 2 Ea ASHDN 10 642 0SHDN O vec R37 1M R38 R39 SM 1206 33K 33K SM 1206 SM 1206 CASE DOME
14. Remote Measurements amp Research Company 214 Euclid Av Seattle WA 98122 michael rmrco com RAD v9b USER MANUAL RAD RADIOMETER ANALOG TO DIGITAL INTERFACE SW Version 17c Manual Version 9b 6 June 2013 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Installation 3 Grounding the System od Grounding the SPP BAIOIDEDBE deo ooo cod ewe HEE KEE SD EO EAR eee we we 4 Terminal Display amp Commands 5 Case amp Dome Thermistor Circuit 6 PIR Thermopile Circuit and Calibration Coefficients 7 PSP Thermopile Circuit and Calibration Coefficients 8 Calibration 9 Spot Checking Calibrations 10 Entering PSP and PIR Thermopile Calibrations 11 Important back up the Configuration 12 References A PSP Infrared Offset 6 Wm at night is Okay B SCHEMATICS PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD C D RAD Box Hole Layout E RAD User Menu F Pipe Mount Base 12 13 14 15 18 18 18 19 20 22 26 29 30 32 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 2 G Four Plug Configuration 32 H RS422 Operation 34 I Ethernet Operation 34 List of Figures CON MD OK WNW FR NO NO PR FO Ebo P OH Odn Dm oP WNW KF O is o AI 4 InstallstiOH BRENT s elsa rra AA EE 4 OTe AIM 22 odas ss 6 Grounding the RAD to the ship superstructure 2 llle 7 Grounds on the new PsP 52 2bbeue REHEARSE HSER REE 4 EXEGX 8 Ei Cee ee Pew eee RH Oe wee Re EER ee REO See EGE 15 Reference voltage source a a a a a ossa 18 Nighttime shortwave me
15. THERM U29 CHO VDD ell E cm sax Hex CH2 0CS O 17 16 683 Ta 4 TuF VREF MAX186 DIP20 SOL C66 SM CT 3528 12 10uF e T ES Y PSP PIR INPUT J4 PSP PSP EMIFILTER EMIFILTER EMIFILTER EMIFILTER U22 U23 L6 G o of EMIFILTER U24 PIR PIR Rcase Rcase Rdome EMIFILTER EMIFILTER Rdome CON8 AMPM4X2 EMIFILTER U26 U27 JP1 JUMPER EMIFILTER U30 b 6 d EMIFILTER U31 b G EMIFILTER EMIFILTER EMIFILTER EMIFILTER FILTERING INPUT EMIFILTER U32 U33 U34 U35 U36 CONS AMPM4X2 EMIFILTER FILTERING OUTPUT Figure 14 RAD schematic CONS AMPM4X2 R30 R SM_1206 CHS VREF MONITOR R32 R SM 1206 v A R31 10K SM 1206 CH6 BOARD TEMP RT1 Thermistor t RAD CK05 VIN BATT VOLTAGE R34 R SM 1206 CH7 R35 R SM 1206 rad408 3 revC schem io analog to digital circuits Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 C60 4JuF SM CT 3216 12 C61 4 7uF SM CT 3216 12 RAD AVR PROG PORT AVR ISP STK200 J3 1 3 5 CON6A SIP 6P COMO TXD SCK RESET COMO RXD REAL TIME CLOCK Y2 32 768KHz 6pF TH CRYSTAL U19 DS1302 SM_DIP8 SOL
16. Younkin K and C N Long Improved correction of IR loss in diffuse shortwave measurements An ARM value added product Technical Report ARM TR 009 DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington USA 2003 Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 20 A PSP Infrared Offset 6 W m at night is Okay The PSP thermopile is effected by an infrared radiation balance that leads to an offset on the order of 4 W m Vignola et al 2012 Younkin and Long 2003 By way of example we will use data that was collected by a RAD system during a comparison with the NOAA reference radiation station in Boulder CO during April 2013 A description of the Boulder intercomparison can be found here Figure 8 shows the PSP shortwave value during nighttime as defined by a solar zenith angle gt 90 We expect that nighttime illumination from security lights is negligible The figure shows typical offsets of 2 to 4 W m with excursions to as much as 10 Wm Following advice from Joe Michalsky NOAA personal communication we computed a fit between the PIR thermopile measurements and nighttime shortwave figure 9 CORRELATE NIGHTTIME SW AND PIR T T T T 2013 04 12 102 01 35 to 2013 05 03 123 11 59 now 2013 05 18 09 32 2r 4b NIGHTTIME SW 6r 8 10 CORRECTION 0 0142 PIR 0 69 W m 12 l l l l i l i 400 350
17. asurements 4 4 2 2 4 e 4 4 44 E sos 20 The correlation between SW and PIR lll lll ns 20 The SW correction amount uoo a oboe EERE RRA ML OOHRS ERE 21 Compare raw and corrected SW on a typical night 2 2 ee ee 1 21 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits 2 oo e 22 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits 222 23 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits aoa ao 24 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits o a 25 RAD printed circuit board front view 1 a a 26 RAD printed circuit board front view 27 Standard RAD box hole layout Dimensions inmm 00000 ee eee 29 Standard RAD box with Ethernet option hole layout Dimensions in mm 29 Pip We lt lt ee EH Cee EME oO ee eee 32 RAD wiring 4 plug configuration 33 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 3 1 Introduction The Radiometer Analog to Digital converter RAD pro vides a robust highly accurate conversion from shortwave and longwave radiometers to a calibrated serial stream EIA232 or 422 in physical units The RAD is mounted near the sensors to avoid electronic noise issues The overall uncertainty of the RAD 10 sec average is less than a few tenths Wm for either longwave or short wave irradiance estimates Thus RAD makes a negligible contribution to the overall measurement uncertainty A photograph of the RAD system mounted on the R V PISCES in Jan 2010 T h
18. ation Note it might be necessary to scrape off some paint to get down to bare steel For long term deployments check the ground connection for corrosion or wear Be sure the ground connection is clean Each of the three RAD cables are shielded The shields connect to pin 1 of each connector and are connected to the RAD case The PIR cable shield is connected to the PIR connector pin H which is connected to case For a standard PSP the shield is connected to PSP pin C which is case Section 3 1 describes grounding for the new style PSP with an external ground wire Checking for grounds Use a multimeter to check the continuity from the RAD box to the ship or earth As a final note every application is different and grounding is not always necessary But it is recommended 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 8 3 1 Grounding the SPP Radiometer Figure 5 Grounds on the new PSP Figure ref3wiring Shows the wiring for the PSP as the thermopile pins B amp A and a case connection pin C After serial number 37500 Eppley used a different wiring with the same thermopile pins B amp A and then a case thermister pins C amp D There is now NO case grounding The new style radiometer is now called SPP The new style radiometers have a bright white body We now have to ground the PSP case by attaching a connection from the cable shield to the receptacle as shown in figure 5 This connection needs regular inspectionfor corrosion Go to Tabl
19. e PSP Precision Spectral Pyra nometer and PIR Precision Infrared Radiometer are mounted on the top plate with cables coming down to the RAD processor An in field splice to a customer sup pled cable connected RAD to the ship computer system In this installation the wires were 22 gauge and the cable length was 76 m 250 for power and RSS232 9600 baud serial data INPUT Eppley PSP thermopile voltage Eppley PIR Thermopile voltage Case thermistor Dome Thermistor OUTPUT See the output format HERE Shortwave irradiance W m Longwave irradiance W m Case temperature C Dome temperature C PIR thermopile voltage mV Board temperature C Input voltage V OUTPUT SERIAL RS422 or RS 232 19200 bps 8N1 NMEA comma separated fields By combining careful grounding close proximity pre amplification microprocessor technology and quality analog to digital electronics the RadADC eliminates noise interference and allows for long cables between ra diometers and data acquisition computers New to this manual 1 A more developed discussion of grounding can be found now in section 3 2 The older 4 plug version of the RAD is NOT discussed in this and following manuals Earlier manuals can be found online at RMRCO com 3 A discussion of the PSP infrared offset most apparent at night when values of about 4 W m are found 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 4 2 Installation HOLES F
20. e of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 9 4 Terminal Display amp Commands RAD start up display RAD sends the following display on power up After this sign on display RAD enters the data collection mode RAD SIGN ON MESSAGE xxx RADIOMETER ANALOG TO DIGITAL INTERFACE RAD xxx Software Version 1 17c 2009 03 24 Digital Interface Board Rev C Feb 2009 Current EEPROM values Identifier Header WIRO2 PSP Coeff 8 00E 6 PIR Coeff 4 00E 6 Interval Time secs 10 Cmax 2048 Reference Resistor Case 32958 0 Reference Resistor Dome 33010 0 Vtherm 4 0940 Vadc 4 0940 PIR ADC Offset 2 29 mv PIR ADC Gain 836 34 PSP ADC Offset 4 16 mv PSP ADC Gain 118 02 Run Time Output The output data lines are written at the end of each averaging cycle The analog to digital converter is read each 0 1 sec throughout the averaging period Thus a 10 sec average will be an average of TYPICAL OUTPUT TIME TCASE TDOME SW T AVR BATT WIRO2 09 03 25 19 12 00 76 5 1 447 34 25 03 24 98 998 74 28 4 11 4 WIRO2 09 03 25 19 12 10 175 5 4 446 67 25 02 24 99 998 97 28 5 11 4 The date and time are read from the real time clock at the end of the averaging cycle at the time of print out During operation the header can be printed by entering H at the keyboard Output Variables ID NMEA style tag Set with A command from menu DATE TIME yy MM dd hh mm ss Set with I command from menu G
21. e output will go down to 6 Wm The radiation community has many different means to handle this offset Generally the scientific community set the nighttime values from sunset to sunrise to zero during post processing The daytime values are reported in realtime with vo 0 and co 0 Then M c1 vi A final shortware irradiance is computed during post processing Go to Table of Contents Personal communication with John Hickey The Eppley Labs 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 15 8 Calibration Connections to the RAD circuit board are shown in Figure 6 below The plugs are Tyco Ampmodu connectors Two test plugs are used for checking and calibrating the board external to the weatherproof package One plug provides power to the board and connects to a serial DTE computer The second plug provides the four needed input signals PSP PIR Tcase and Tdome The dashed boxes show the default test setup With these the output PSP and PIR values Section 4 will be near zero and the case and dome temperatures will be 25 C The 610 ohm resistors simulate the output resistance of the two thermopiles They should be left in the circuit during calibration AMPU 2X5 Plug Female View of the back of the plug 11 14 VDC NDC DB9F DCE 2 RD 3 TD NH 5 GND AMPU 2X4 Plug Female View of the back of the plug 1g 3 To 5 6102 JE AM Teste z Test e pl NEEDS 2 pl e pp x l
22. etter and following the instructions MAIN MENU WIRO2 BOARD REV B VERSION 1 17c VERSION DATE 2009 03 24 Digital Interface Board Rev C Feb 2009 Current datetime 090325 191216 7k gt Set PSP coefficient 8 00E 6 v W m 2 K gt Set PIR coefficient 4 00E 6 v W m 2 Change Identifier String 02 gt Set PSP amplifier gain value gt Set PSP amplifier offset mv gt Set PIR amplifier gain value gt Set PIR amplifier offset mv gt Set Case 32958 0 ohms 8 574e 5 9 372e 2 3 255e1 gt Set Dome 33010 0 ohms 3 648e 5 3 990e 2 1 494e1 8et Thermistor Reference ADC Reference Voltage 4 1 mV Cmax 2048 fixed gt Set averaging time in seconds 10 gt Sample 12 bit A to D toggle test mode Exit this menu return to operation Command The USER ENTER INFORMATION can be set in the field by the user The radiometer coefficients are provided with the radiometers The identifier string is a two character string at the end of the NMEA identifier By NMEA 0183 convention the record identifier has five characters The first two characters are WI meaning weather instruments The third character has been assigned to be R for radiation The final two characters are user assigned via the user menu This can be instrument serial number e g 02 Other options might be the experiment number The RAD CALIBRATION DATA variables are set up during
23. input o 2 mV The precision ADC provides its own reference voltage so the Cmar 4096 and Vref 4096 mv After electronic calibration the shortwave irradiance is given by c o l R gt dii os k where the divisor of 1000 converts mV to V to agree with the units of k To determine the overall electronic gain one must make have at least two outputs from the instrument Measure the out put of the PSP using a good voltmeter Choose a time near midday when there are minimal clouds and there are no clouds covering the sun Let v1 be the measured voltage from the PSP Using the menu and the S command let ci be the count with the same irradiance A small time lapse is not a major source of error as long as the clouds are minimal Next cover the PSP and measure the dark current ADC count mV with the S command The count during dark conditions are co and vo The system gain equation is then Co g U1 Vo generally the offsets are very low and can be neglected in the evaluation of g As an alternative a precision voltage source such as the Julie Lab Volt a vider can be used to fit a straight line to the gain equation A field determination of co is usually a last task after installation Nighttime offsets have been a major issues in the radiation community A PSP will typically give 4 Wm at nighttime from the thermal differences in the PSP thermopile It is interesting to note that with a ventilator th
24. laboratory calibration with precision references These should not be changed in the field 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B Typical Menu Setup Example If a new software hex file is uploaded to the RAD the entire list of parameters must be loaded into the EEPROM The list below is used Note that a special list is provided for each instrument and for each calibration The list below is only an example SET FOR EACH APPLICATION Averaging time in seconds PSP radiometer coefficient PIR radiometer coefficient NMEA tag final two characters yy MMddhhmmss date time set real time clock Reference voltage TP16 PSP amplifier gain PSP amplifier output offset PIR amplifier gain PSP amplifier output offset Case thermistor circuit reference resistor Case ADC correction parameter 1 Case ADC correction parameter 2 Case ADC correction parameter 3 Dome thermistor circuit reference resistor Dome ADC correction parameter 1 Dome ADC correction parameter 2 L 10 k 7 94e 6 K 3 94e 6 A 02 T 090324123400 V 4 094 SET FROM LAB CALIBRATION g 118 02 O 4 16 G 836 34 O 2 29 CO 32958 C1 8 574e 5 C2 9 372e 2 C3 32 55 DO 33010 D1 3 648e 5 D2 3 990e 2 D3 14 94 Dome ADC correction parameter 3 11 Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 12 5 Case amp Dome Thermistor Circuit The PIR has a case and dome temperature thermistor Both thermistors are made by YSI and are of type
25. methods that can be applied to the RAD itself or possibly to the RAD data collection software We expect to announce this soon In the meantime users are strongly encouraged to collect all sw data and if error windows are applied open the lower threshold to at least 10 Wm Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 22 B SCHEMATICS TP2 TESTPOINT TP3 TESTPOIN PSP STAGE 1 R2 c1 033uF 5K PSP STAGE 2 Ti TP4 e TESTPOINT 1K LTC1050 C9 1 A i C10 SM 1206 TH DIP8 033uF 1800pF 1 A 10K SM 1206 TP9 TESTPOINT e i PIR STAGE 1 INA118 C16 l c17 C19 033uF 1800pF 1800pF LTC1050 TH DIP8 I C26 033uF PIR STAGE 2 TP12 TP11 TESTPOINT ITPOINT 6 e LTC1050 C36 TH DIPB 033uF 1 1 1 A A A 10K SM 1206 033uF LTC1050 TH_DIPS rad408 1_recC_schem_amps Figure 12 RAD schematic analog to digital circuits Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B Test Plug ai DC E TP5 D B 9 F i m TESTPOINT MAIN POWER IN 9 VDC NOMINAL CON10 AMPM5X2 EMIFILTER 43 EMIFILTER EMIFILTER 4 EMIFILTE
26. n lines point to point or multi drop Several key advantages offered by this standard include the differential receiver a differential driver and data rates as high as 10 megabaud at 12 metres 40 ft Maximum data rates are 10 Mbit s at 12 m or 100 kbit s at 1200 m A common use of EIA 422 is for RS 232 extenders
27. o l Figure 6 Connections for calibration of the RAD Simple test cables with Ampmodu plugs can be plugged directly into the RAD circuit board Voltage inputs range from 2 millivolts A set of precision resistors are used to simulate the case and dome thermistors rad803_plugs_test The RAD amplifiers are calibrated by using a precision millivolt reference source and a set of precision resistors to calibrate the thermistor divider circuit The PSP thermopile calibration coeficients g amp o and the PIR thermopile coefficients G amp 0 are computed by fitting a straight line to a set of input voltages The thermistor circuit calibration requires four coefficients each for case and dome thermistors that are derived from a set of precision resistances The output from a calibration is shown in the text beginning on the next page The full set of EEPROM coefficients is shown at the end of the calibration document Each of these is set in the RAD as part of a full calibration RAD is a relatively new instrument Hence it is recommended that it be calibrated on an annual basis We hope that with experience we will find that the amplifier calibrations will be much more stable so calibration intervals can be extended to two or even three years Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B CALIBRATION RESULTS FOR RAD SN 206 CAL DATE 2010 01 26 RUN TIME 20100126 181909 setupfile Users rmr instr
28. out AGND DGND gt P fed y J4 ee ES 5 PSP PIR INPUT ES 3 i 1 2 PSP RESET 74 3 4 PIR he x 5 6 Tcase Y 7 8 Tdome i TP11 PIR Amp 1 out VR2 Zero PIR amp i Va Agnd for case amp dome thermistors Program plug Adapter key up TP16 VREF TP9 PIR input U24 case in R39 Dome Ref i TP10 PIR input U25 dome in rad406_pcb_revC_front Figure 16 RAD printed circuit board front view Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 rad407 pcb revC back RAD USER MANUAL V9B 21 R12 ADC input to ground ip 009 TDTAL Sk 2 a E R38 Case Ref Y IMAGER CONTROLLER Battery Real time clock 5 year Figure 17 RAD printed circuit board front view Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B MATLAB Computation function lw e C c C d RadTcTd2LW v G O K tc td k function 1w e C c C d RadTcTd2LW mv G O K tc td v Rad ADC output in mV typ 300 mv G preamp gain typ 825 0 preamp offset typ lt 20 mv K PIR calibration typ 3 9e 6 V W m 2 tc case degC td dome degC no arguments gt test mode Aoutput lw corrected longwave flux W m 2 e thermopile irradiance W m 2 C_c C_d corrections for case and dome w m 2 4000928 changes eps to 0 98 per fairal198 4010323 back to 1 0 per Fairall 4100113 adapted from PirTcTd2LW m k 4 compute thermopile radiation e
29. r will depend on the battery voltage but will be on the order of 0 3 mV This circuit can be plugged into the PSP or PIR Amphenol connectors for a spot measurement to confim operation 10 Entering PSP and PIR Thermopile Calibrations The RAD can be set for any different PSP or PIR by setting the calibration coefficients in the RAD menu The radiometer calibration coefficients are determined by the manufacturer or by an equivalent facility The calibration coefficient is a single number The PSP coefficient is approximately 9 x 10 6 volts Wm The calibration coefficient for the PIR is about 3 x 10 6 volts W m Enter the menu as described in this manual Enter a k to change the PSP coefficient Enter a K to change the PIR coefficient Be sure to enter the coefficients with the e designator for powers of ten For example k might be entered as 8 45e 6 and K might be 3 23e 6 11 Important back up the Configuration It is essential that you keep a complete copy of the configuration data After entering or editing any configuration variables make an electronic copy 1 SCREEN CAPTURE Enter the command for a full dump 2 Put your terminal program into capture mode and then enter Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 19 12 References References Vignola F J Michalsky and T Stoffel Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements CRC Press Boca Raton FL 33487 2012
30. uments RAD Cal 206 MossLanding radcal setup 206 100126 txt SN 206 calpath Users rmr instruments RAD Cal 206_MossLanding caldate 100126 Reference voltage 4093 0 millivolts TP16 PSPCAL 1 50 120 40 1 4 0 5 60 70 1 8 0 1 13 15 2 0 0 0 0 71 2 4 0 1 11 24 2 2 0 2 22 58 1 5 0 5 58 48 2 2 1 0 117 75 LT 2 0 237 20 2 6 4 0 474 70 262 8 0 950 08 1 0 PIRCAL 2 0 1682 80 16 5 S 843 00 11 0 0 8 674 00 18 0 0 4 340 00 12 0 0 2 172 50 18 0 0 0 6 00 12 0 0 2 165 40 12 0 0 4 332 00 12 0 0 8 663 00 13 0 1 0 835 00 12 0 caseR 5600 0 594 594 80 0 70 39 92 10000 0 952 950 33 0 60 25 07 14974 1 278 1264 06 0 70 15 63 domeR 5621 0 595 595 50 0 70 40 00 10000 0 953 954 39 0 80 25 05 14974 1 279 1276 80 0 40 15 39 CASE TEMPERATURE Case Rref 31260 Rref based on measurements of v_t Case fit 4 806e 05 6 731e 02 2 223e 01 32987 Error 5 5 CASE THERMISTOR MILLIVOLTS Meas ADC ADC Corrected 594 0 594 8 594 0 952 0 950 3 952 0 1278 0 1264 1 1278 0 CASE THERMISTOR OHMS CalR Meas ADC ADC corrected 5600 5307 5315 5307 10000 9475 9453 9475 14974 14192 13968 14192 CASE THERMISTOR DEG C CalR Meas ADC ADC correc Tout 39 96 41 41 41 37 41 41 39 92 25 00 26 34 26 40 26 34 25 07 15 24 16 51 16 88 16 51 15 63 DOME TEMPERATURE Dome Rref 31200 Rref based on measurements of v_t 32979 Error 5 7 6 June 201
31. v 0 G 1000 K THE CORRECTION IS BASED ON THE TEMPERATURES ONLY Tc tc 273 15 Td td 273 15 eps 1 Sigma 5 67e 8 C_c eps sigma Tc 4 Cd k sigma Td 4 Tc 4 lw e C_c C_d return 28 Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD USER MANUAL V9B 29 D RAD Box Hole Layout 25 64 Drill 7 16 20 Ta 3X 132 7 n 100 l 160 gt rad_box_standard Figure 18 Standard RAD box hole layout Dimensions in mm 25 64 Drill 7 16 20 Ta 18 35 25 4 mm 1 Dia Thru hole 1x s 160 E rad box ethernet Figure 19 Standard RAD box with Ethernet option hole layout Dimensions in mm Go to Table of Contents 6 June 2013 RAD E RAD User Menu URI Settings averaging time SEC PSP coef v W m 2 PSP amp gain PSP amp offset mv PIR coef v W m 2 PIR amp gain PIR amp offset mv ADC ref volts PIR Case therm Rref ohms PIR Dome therm Rref ohms NMEA ID RAD SN gBmuUo ocsxaxoo mt CHECK OUT THE RAD CIRCUIT BOARD USER MANUAL V9B 10 8 48e 6 119 6 2 2 3 82e 6 842 3 4 072 33524 32782 01 The RAD board can be checked out initially by the following check list __ Serial number e g SN 203 is written clearly on the board __ The connector J4 is terminated across rows with the following resistors top to bottom 600 ohms actual resistances 600 ohms 10K ohms 1
32. where where vin is the input voltage and Cmax is the ADC maximum count corresponding to an input of Vref For a 12 bit ADC Cmar 4095 and for the Max186 vref 4 095 volts Therefore the output count is almost exactly the input in MV Vade c Vin We refer to Vade as the measured ADC count in mV As seen in figure B the output of the PIR thermopile is treated as a differential voltage into an instrumentation amplifier Burr Brown INA2128 The resistor R5 determines the gain of the amplifier by the equation G 1 50000 Ra where where Ra is the gain resistor For the PIR thermopile circuit Ra Rs 62 ohms and the amplifier gain would be approximately 807 45 Combining the above equations gives Upir Uode Voff 1000 G where Vade c is the output of the ADC and vo is the offset Calibration of the thermopile circuit is made by applying small voltages Upir to the PIR input connector and measuring the output counts Vade The ADC instantaneous output is available with the S command from the menu After several samples press enter and the mean and standard deviation for each channel is computed A straight line fit is then used to determine G and voff G and voy can be set in the menu with the G and 0 options The Albrecht Cox relationship gives the downwelling IR irradiance RLW Roir SE eu ko T UU T where c is the Stefan Boltzmann constant 5 6704 x 1078 Wm K To is the case temperature
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