Internet of Everything – What is it and how will it affect you?
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1. even around blind corners and issues do not pass messages when it would be dangerous to overtake The car offers to read out his messages IMs texts and Twitter as he drives It knows already which messages are relevant to him at this time in the morning One reminds him of his meeting with a client at 10am at the coffee shop in the atrium of his office building 2014 Paul Gerrard 13 February 2014 Page 2 As John approaches the barrier to the car park of his office the barrier automatically rises to let him through His office operates a hot parking space regime so the car knows where to find the space nearest to the office entrance that will get him to his allocated hot desk quickly The car directs him to a space and for a change John parks the car himself rather than let the car do it automatically As he leaves the car it locks and disables itself although an authorised valet service that operates in the car park can open his car with a code to clean it although they cannot start the car or its services John enters the secure building but doesn t need to swipe a card or show a pass He grabs a coffee from a machine which charges his account automatically and walks to his desk The surrounding lighting changes imperceptibly as he sits down and arranges his papers The movement sensor in the office space also adjusts the air conditioning and humidity in his area so he has a perfectly comfortable working environm2. s exercise As he puts the bike away the phone reminds him that the rear tyre of the bike is 1000 kilometres old and might need to be replaced soon John goes to the bathroom to have a shower His wife woken by her own alarm the radio is just getting up The kids are still asleep but they ll be waking up soon A message from the school to the home hub warns Alice that they won t need their swimming kit today the pool is closed for maintenance for 48 hours John dresses quickly and is ready to go to work He says hello and hugs the kids as they sit and have breakfast Alice will drive the kids to school a bit later John kisses Alice says see you later and walks out of the door to his car The car unlocks as he approaches and he gets in after the seat automatically adjusts as Alice drove it last night He drives off His journey lasts twenty minutes but on a bad day it can take half an hour The car of course knows the destination The car is in communication with the local traffic management network and the crowdsourced cars on the network identify their location every few seconds The network knows where the bottlenecks are and of course so do the cars John s car give an audible warning to take the ring road rather than the direct route today His car is aware through networking and radar of the location of other cars on the road and the path of the road itself The car gives warnings of hazards on the road
3. Internet of Everything What is it and how will it affect you Paul Gerrard Principal Gerrard Consulting There is an increasing amount of publicity information and hype around the subject of the Internet of Things loT and the Internet of Everything loE What on earth are people talking about Should be interested Will it affect me What does it mean to me as a human being What does it mean to me as a tester In this article series want to explore what the loT and IloE are and what we need to start thinking about l Il approach this from the point of view of a society that embraces the technology Then I will look more closely at the risks we face and finally how we as the IT community in general and the testing community in particular should respond In the first article of the series will look at what loE is and how it affects us all It s important you get a perspective for what the IoE so you get a sense of the scale the variety the ubiquity complexity and challenge of the technological wave that many people believe will dominate our industry for the next ten to twenty years Let me start the whole series off with what sounds a bit like science fiction but will soon be science fact John Smith and his family are an invention The Human Perspective John Smith s family live in a quiet suburb He is married to Alice has two children works as an engineer for the local authority and is a keen road bike rider The fam
4. dly these devices transmit relatively low volumes of data but do so over lossy and noisy networks The existing Internet protocol is not an ideal solution Currently the web relies primarily on IPv4 addresses the HTTP and TCP IP protocols The loT will be delivered with a variety of evolving standard protocols with unfamiliar names and acronyms like 802 15 4e BLOWPAN RPL and CoAP These emerging standards aim to integrate wireless networks of low power devices to the broader Internet loE Standards are Required 2014 Paul Gerrard 13 February 2014 Page 3 Needless to say the loE will significantly increase the number of devices connected to the internet by a factor of anything from ten to perhaps one hundred times It is clear that the Internet needs the more efficient emerging protocols to deliver the promise of loE These protocols are still evolving and are competing for attention and adoption somewhat but the hope and expectation is that the standards will be refined and mature in the next couple of years The challenge for the developers of the new Internet will be which architecture which standards to adopt The low power devices and WSNs are proliferating but these local systems cannot match the performance of standard Internet hardware at scale The Internet architecture is familiar and provides a choice of protocols such as HTTP SMTP and is scalable but does not work so well with low power devices in lossy networks S
5. en sends data to the client without the need for long standing connections or expensive polling by the client to the device The nature of these dialogs is different to more familiar web email or terminal based dialogues between clients and servers Several other standards initiatives are in progress Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT is being promoted by IBM The ZigBee alliance is focusing on smart home and smart device applications The Dash7 alliance has a different tag to tag perspective BACnet focuses on HVAC heating ventilation and air conditioning lighting and access control applications Now if you are a non techy must apologise for the headlong dunk into the murky waters of emerging technical standards 2014 Paul Gerrard 13 February 2014 Page 4 The message want to share is this the efforts of the standards bodies makes for a dynamic and confusing state of affairs It is not clear which standards will win the day Whatever people are building now it s unlikely their solutions will match the standards of tomorrow To be continued In this article have tried to set the scene of the wonderful future world of the Internet of Everything Right now it is a very confusing state of affairs but clearly an awful lot of effort and money is being invested in defining the standards and building business opportunities from the promise of the new Internet world order In the next article l II take a look
6. ent All these facilities are controlled by the local building management system which is constantly monitored by the landlord s central systems John has interacted with hundreds of sensors computers and devices and it is only 8 30 am in the morning Time to do another day s work The Technical Challenge In recent years there has been much progress in developing connectivity between Internet connected smart devices for intelligent monitoring remote sensing and control using advanced analytics and real time processing To date this has mostly been based upon IP and Internet based communications but the pace of development means that soon existing communications and networking technologies will be inappropriate and probably inadequate to handle the traffic generated by an Internet of Everything We are all familiar with the office or home based computer that connects to the internet through a wired or wireless connection In recent years the mobile phone and tablet technologies have extended the use of the Internet to people on the move It is natural to assume that machine to machine M2M and wireless sensor networked WSN implementations are simply extensions of the Internet But there are significant challenges to be overcome to make this a reality Firstly many of the things to be connected will be low powered devices which need to successfully function for months or even years without attention or a re charge Secon
7. ily recently moved into their new house and are still coming to terms with the technologies that have been designed into it It seems that every day some new feature of the ubiquitous embedded technologies emerges All of these features are described in great detail in the user manual but who has the time to read the manuals for a house At 6 00am the alarm rings on John s side of the bed The vibration and sound was chosen because John is sensitive to it but his wife isn t John gets up grabs his phone and moves quietly to go cycling The house has already turned the central heating on in the rooms that need heating and as he moves around the house lights come on automatically The security alarm turns itself off As he leaves rooms a sensor detects this and lights are dimmed and turned off after a pre set delay In the bathroom he uses the toilet weighs himself brushes his teeth and washes Like all the other electronic devices in the house the toilet weighing scales and toothbrush are all connected to a central hub installed in the house Who knows what data they collect He gets a drink and an energy bar from the fridge The fridge beeps the energy bars are running out and it logs the removed items and updates the shopping list John touches the screen on the fridge to confirm he is eating more than 6 per week to adjust the re order level The door to the garage unlocks as he approaches it He 2014 Paul Gerrard 13 Feb
8. more closely into the emerging risks of the Internet of Everything from both a social and technical viewpoint Paul Gerrard Paul Gerrard is a consultant teacher author webmaster developer tester conference speaker rowing coach and a publisher He has conducted consulting assignments in all aspects of software testing and quality assurance specialising in test assurance He has presented keynote talks and tutorials at testing conferences across Europe the USA Australia South Africa and occasionally won awards for them Educated at the universities of Oxford and Imperial College London in 2010 Paul won the Eurostar European Testing excellence Award and in 2013 won The European Software Testing Awards TESTA Lifetime Achievement Award In 2002 Paul wrote with Neil Thompson Risk Based E Business Testing In 2009 Paul wrote The Tester s Pocketbook and in 2012 with Susan Windsor Paul co authored The Business Story Pocketbook He is Principal of Gerrard Consulting Limited and is the host of the UK Test Management Forum and the UK Business Analysis Forum Mail paul gerrardconsulting com Twitter paul_gerrard Web gerrardconsulting com 2014 Paul Gerrard 13 February 2014 Page 5
9. o the race is on to develop standards that can interconnect low power devices using different proprietary protocols with a seamless integration to the Internet For the time being most loT deployments will be hybrid arrangements using bridging gateways and middleware between the Internet and specialised proprietary networks of low power loE Standards are Emerging The huge increase in device numbers is driving the adoption of the IPv6 standard which effectively allows for an infinite number of connected devices The 6LoWPAN protocol enables IPv6 packets to be carried on Low Power Lossy Networks LLNs A protocol for interconnecting such networks is also under development At the physical layer the IEEE 802 15 4e standard will define the mechanism that allows for more resilient use of lossy networks through channel hopping At the application layer the emerging protocol that parallels HTTP is a REST based Web transfer protocol called Constrained Application Protocol or CoAP It is similar to HTTP and uses its own URIs to identify resources and has for example GET PUT and POST verbs but it also has features that accommodate the low power and energy consumption constraints of loT devices The CoAP protocol implements a different dialog between internet devices clients and for example sensors They are called observations The client sends a message to a sensor registering an interest in the output of the sensor The sensor th
10. ruary 2014 Page 1 puts the drink and energy bar in his rucksack grabs his bike and pushes the bike out of the garage The garage locks behind him the lights fade he pushes off and he s on the road His phone connects with the power sensor and odometer on the bike and the heart monitor he wears on the elastic belt around his chest The phone logs the energy he uses the distance travelled and his heart rate throughout the journey In the meantime his GPS position is tracked and saved to the phone John is on a short route today as he needs to get to work early His phone vibrates and alerts him the weather later on is going to be wet but he knows he II be all done before the rain comes It is early still dark and the street lights are off but automatically switch on just before he reaches them The roads are still quiet and so the street lights turn off again after he leaves them behind At halfway around his route he stops eats the energy bar and take a drink He logs the food and drink on his phone John s route is circular and after a few more kilometres he climbs the long steep hill on the circuit His bike reminds him not to exceed 165 heartbeats per minute and he settles into a steady rhythm Today is meant to be an aerobic session He speeds down the other side of the hill John returns home and as the garage door opens automatically his phone uploads the statistics of the ride to a website that tracks all of John
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