R29xx Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope User Manual
Contents
1. Select Group Name Base Number Display GroupO Hexdecimal HEX mhe on e Group Jaen asc fhe on Groupa Binay BIN sihe fon E Groupe Juecez uer fe on Channel combination BtO cH po 88 cH ps Bit Jonn D cH ps Bt2 HD2 Pi Bta HD3 Bit Balu Pi Bit Bit 13 Bte cH De BiH Bt cH SR ri dch SV ege CIE OEOOE CH E SN ay fr gs 9 9 2 cT Fr i INN dd pia tia Update ik mn CH La tT 4 Position Hub Mnemonic 0 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx0 ead Setting up the state display 1 Set group 2 Select which group to display Groups can be in different bases 3 Set Base 4 Set channel combination Electronic Counter Dso29xx has built high accuracy oscillator 125 000000 100 000000 20 000000 MHz Dso 29xx_ 128k sample rate is PLL base it will get worse accuracy it is stop to sell now Dso 29xx support high accuracy and high resolution electronic counter base on oscillator inside It can reach 7 digits resolution by selecting large memory one of 256k 512k 1 mega It also has frequency calibration offset user need use atomic clock to make sure you have a extra high accuracy clock to calibrate Yew Timing Backup Measure Window Help unt L Zu offset fev 2 fig 24 fate fh Colors Tall Parameters w mdow Wide Parameters w mdow Toolbar Ai De TOO Mh 500nS diwvi Aug Status Dar REENEN2. Up to 10 signal parameters can be measured tested and displayed simultaneously To setup a measurement select the Measurements Setup menu and choose one of the tests to setup 1 to 10 Parameter Measurements area Sum ofall voltages sample time Cursor A time Position of Cursor A in time Cursor B time Position of Cursor B in time V1Bar voltage Position of V1Bar in voltage V2Bar voltage Position of V2Bar in voltage trigger cursor Position of trigger cursor in time A B time Time difference between Cursor A and Cursor B V1 V2 voltage Voltage difference between V1Bar and V2Bar A T time Time difference between Cursor A and trigger cursor B T time Time difference between Cursor B and trigger cursor V max Maximum voltage V min Minimum voltage peak to peak The difference between maximum and minimum voltages Average Average of minimum and maximum voltages rms SQRT 1 samples sum each voltage each voltage rms AC SQRT 1 samples Sum each voltage mean each voltage mean period Average time for a full cycle for all full cycles in range duty cycle rising A ratio of width rising to period starting with a positive edge using midpoint duty cycle falling A ratio of width falling to period starting with a negative edge using midpoint risetime 10 90 Average time for a rising transition between the 10 to the 90 points risetime 20 80 Avera
3. Y Load Data DO D7 Transter data to Excel v Load DatalA3 Save Datalteat format Load Datat Ad LoadSeting f Load Data l Load Default Setting y GC ee Save Setting As E ad Uaiald Auto Save Setting Load Datatlvi3 Y Load Data M4 Print gt E tis i aaa Exit EE The File menu offers the following Load data This option loads a full data file dso with a setting file ini together Load data option This option loads a data file dso depend on the select of A1 2 3 4 or DO D15 Save data as This option saves a data file dso Load setting This option loads a previously Save setting setups Save setting This option saves the current settings to a file Load Default Setting Load default ini to load parameters to factory defaults Auto save settings Auto load Dsoxx ini setting file on program start run to set all configuration Print This option allows you to print the data Print Setup select Output style printer and printer connection Exit Exit DSO software Load Data File Menu Specify which file to open in the file open dialog box File Name Type or select the filename you want to open This box lists files with the extension you select in the List Files of Type box List Files of Type Select the type of file you want to open INI settings File Format DSO Data File Format Drives Select the drive in which to retrieve the file that you want to open Directories Select the direc
4. ccccccececsssecececececscscecencececeeeeeceneaceceesesaeacecseseeneneneeseass 32 Windows XP USB driver install cececeeeeeeseeeeeeeenneeeeseeeeneeenseeeasseeeseseanseeensecenseoeneeseneees 36 NEG AU eI es a EE 39 SEENEN 39 A D TK 40 Fast Fourier TRANS TORIMARIONNS ised rcteccce vncenwicewacawecdwecnenetescewneunideustaxsdenedeeduneidensgersdaxsideavceectaeseds 40 Understanding FFT S Application E 40 MOGUCOM TO Si EEN 40 Typical FFT of Appltcatons onnennanonnennnnennnnsnnnnenrnnsrnnrsnrerrnrsrrnrerrnrsrrnrrnreronrerrnrerrrrsrrerne 40 alee ret ag tc ats nee EE 40 Maontude 1 00 cece ec cece cece eee eee cease cee ce eee eee eeeeeseece ceases eeeeesaeseeeseeseeseeeseesaeeseeseeeeeeseeteeegeesees 41 Ree LEE EE 41 HSC I U ERT EES EAT E E poe aeons sac cases meee eee ES ance TT E E 41 The Characteristics of Weight Function sssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 42 alae det a 43 Din WETTER 43 Bw Sweep EE 43 SEENEN 43 Eat 43 MUTI ER 43 Eet Eege 44 Certificate for R2902 EUR aneeEeueeieebgeeke eebe NEE A4 Je geig Tete EE 44 Offset and Amplify Calibration EE 45 Freguency Bandwidii s ssirssae E 46 Trigger Position CalibratiOn EE 46 Logic Analyzer Trigger TeSt E 46 Guide to Operations Hardware When making measurements with the Digital Storage Oscilloscope Logic Analyzer cards meaningful data can only be captured with some prior knowledge of the characteristics of the c
5. R29xx Digital Storage Oscilloscope User s Manual Multifunction 5 in 1 Digital StorageOscilloscope Logic Analyzer FFT Spectrum Counter Clock Jitter Analyzer Revision IV Software Win98 me 2000 xp Version Rorixwell Inc Tel 416 757 0764 Fax 416 757 0764 10 Electro Road Toronto ON MIR 2A7 Canada E mail sales Rorixwellcom http wwwRorixwellcom Table of Contents R29xx Series O IC espa asec et seca E A A E e E R Ju GA N E 4 Installing R29xx Parallel Port Based Logic Analvzer 4 Installing R29xx W USB 2 0 Adapter USB 2 0 Adapter cover USB 1 1 version 4 JE ll a N E a mene nen Bente Mrerinecneren Mech Mren Cras ret Mt en eat Cerner Eber ee pnee etme ee ieee eer te one neste ce me mere eee 4 RT OP raO S aa state ne de A E 5 we 5 BT AU e E 6 PY Te EE 6 Me Bio ul EE T Ground Point Tick Marks EE T Trigger Level Tick Marke T Logic Analyzer Binary NS Ae Nae eee Sees stet eens cee cennaneet mame enone esws ences seseensee race sew evaeneneoreenseeteeees T Tao ee EE 8 Horizontal V1Bar and 2 A cpa pr ve rnecenpao resinasapesaggoanianqisaqaesaeeriaar tease nearness eens 8 Vertical Cursor A and Cursor be 8 Fonzontal Scroll EH 8 a ve EE 8 DW IOI E 9 gicigo ules Tec aes 32161 ers E 12 SO P EENE NE EE 12 se Ee e e e EE 15 IVA EE 15 EE ee 13 Analog to Digital SKEW eegene 15 BI e ere n a E E E EEE E EEES TE E E E EEEE E E EE E EE 15 Se Ena p PAA E E E E E EE E E E A E
6. 7 Gata Stee EN SE ee EE Search DY L data Electronic Counter State Setup EEN 3 State of logic analyzer d 6 Digital resolution 256k Counter offset t 7 Disital resolution 256k Counter resolution Clock Jitter Analyzer R29xx has built in high accuracy oscillator 125 000000 100 000000 20 000000 MHz R29xx support high accuracy Clock Jitter Analyzer base on oscillator inside it has following function M1 lt A1 Period Jitter M2 lt A1 Cycle to Cycle Jitter M1 lt A2 Period Jitter M2 lt A2 Cycle to Cycle Jitter M3 lt A1 Time Interval Period Jitter M3 lt A2 Time Interval Period Jitter Colors Tal Parameters window Wide Parameters window Toolbar Status Bar v Grid Display Samples or time Search D15 D0 data Electronic Counter F geg mm EE E Ml lt Al Penod Jitter M lt Al Cycle to Cycle Jitter Ml lt A2 Feriod Jitter M2 lt A2 Cycle to Cycle Jitter Group edit ee Zeie hannel State Timing seht nee Tine Sei oe S State of logic analyzer e SUE Iv een ET ideal cycle Feriod Jitter Jitter Period jitter is maximum change deviation in a clock transition from a ideal clock This software support two reference ideal clock One is user input interval period value M3 lt A1 Time Interval Period Jitter another is program automatic search all memory to get mean clock period M1 lt A1 Period Jitter then put jitter to every clock cycle in ba
7. E E E 15 Probe Ee EE 15 Programming LID ATY ee 15 alle al LE 16 Load Data File MME E 16 Settings ie E EE 17 Berhe IMA EEN 17 Flo Save En RE 17 Auto Save Settings Command File Menu 17 Print Setup Command File Menu ccccccceccsecceece cece eeseeeseeeeeeteeeceeeceeeseeeeeeeeeeseeesaeees 18 EX EE 18 view Menu GREEN 18 OOE A a I aa EE Eaa 18 Channel Display VIEW TO UV 19 Dots Connect View Men EEN 19 Ble PERE E P AE PEE TEEPEE EEE EEN 19 Baa oB EN 19 Persistence Mode View Menu ccssccesecesecnecenecenecesecnsecnseonseonseenesenseasecnsecnseonssenssneses 19 Timing Menu CO ul e KE 20 BA 7 EE 21 Channel ele el et 21 ee 22 RUN e GE ER Volts DiviSion aie etstategehag aart tat Ee GEES ER EE ee ER EAR ENER ee 23 Measurements Window MENU EE 24 Parameter Measurements eieiei edd Eed Eed ee 25 GN EE 25 Trigger Word Setup Menu E 25 PS EE EEE APEE EEEE EEEE E EEE EET S EE S E E E T 26 Setting Up The tere 26 TS CO TSC OUP eege 27 RE Eu EEN 28 X Y Oscilloscope Plot SCre nN siisii er nensnansnamd rans eansoanananinanboansnanbunntombnacannseanias 30 Windows 98 ME USB driver metalle ENKEN NNN EN ENEE ENNEN EN ENEE KN EN EN ENKEN EN EN ENNEN ENN 31 ltem Checklist 1 The R2902 or R2904 Aluminum unit 2 Logic Pod X 1 each Logic Pod 8 channel R2904 X 2 Pod 3 Probe HP 9100 X 2 R2904 X 4 4 Color wires and Easy Hook clips X 10 R2904 X 20 5 D Sub 25 PIN Cable 125 CM Male Female
8. Internal clock MO DIA n I5 z Y oO S S P AMEE D 10 lt ayy O ols T FiO al O Input Bandwidth DC 8OMAZ Input Impedance 200Kohm 4pF Max Input Voltage 50v 100v Transient TI Trigger Qualify 0 1 X don t care settings for all digital channels rigger Delay ower Supply C Interface EPP BPP et Weight ize Aluminum Case Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 USB 2 0 Adapter with cable USB 2 0 Adapter with cable Parallel cable IEEE1284 Parallel cable IEEE1284 Color wires with clips DC Adapter Color wires with clips DC Adapter User s Manual CD driver User s Manual CD driver CH D Gu D O D Gu R2902 1 Mega R2904 1 Mega SOOMHz 500MHz Remark 1 Sa s to 250 Ms s 1 Sa s to 250 Ms s 1 Channel 1 Sa s to 500 MHz 2 Channel 1 Sa s to 500 MHz 200 MHz Logic Channel 200 MHz Logic Channel External Clock O to 80 MHz 200Kohm 4pF 90V Max From Channel DO 1K 8K 128K 1 Mega Record Length 1 Channel 2Mega Point A1 A2 A1 A2 A3 A4 Internal clock LD D 3 CS GC Al 2 D DC 80MHz put Banawa f 1 Channel DC gu 1 Channel DC 90MHz BNC Connect nput Impedance ensitivity rigger Level 10 Vertical Divisions Repetitive Mode Up to20GHZ pectrum FFT 20 MHz Fast Fourier Transform Electronics Counter Max 7 Digits Resolution Y Plot __Allowtographonechanneltoanother o Math ee TT OO ON o
9. View menu Toolbar clear button Timing Menu Commands Timing Backup Measure Window Help Clock source d vw Tntemal External Datal 10 to timing bw point Datal 10 to tmine by auto wi Timing lt datal Timing 2 lt datal Timing 3 lt datal Timing 4 lt datal Timing 5 lt datal Timing 6 datal l w Lines Dots Lines and Dots Line Thickness Filter Persistence Refresh screen Clock source Select internal clock or external clock DO channel set rising or falling edge id set external clock Data1 10 to timing by point User point which timing memory should be placed for captured data it can let user captured 2 or 10 set different data to buffer and display the sequence pointed by user this function let user have 128k 10 or 256k 10 memory size Data1 10 to timing by auto The same is true for it it automatically capture 2 or 10 sets data to buffer the sequence is 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 then 1 Timing1 10 lt data Activate timing display we suggest user use more than 1 screen to get better show Lines Checking this option will display only the lines connecting the data points of the analog waveform Logic data is unaffected by this option Dots Checking this option will display only the data points of the analog waveform Logic data is unaffected by this option Lines and Dots Checking this option will display the lines connecting the data points and the data points of the analog
10. X 1 AWM style 2990 80 C 30V VW 1 IEEE 1284 compliant 6 USB 2 0 Adapter with cable X 1 7 DC Power Adapter 12V 1A R2902 or 12V 2A R2904 X 1 8 R29xx User s Manual X 1 9 CD for R29xx driver X 1 Installing Hardware Installing R29xx Parallel Port Based Logic Analyzer 1 Sets parallel port to EPP or BPP Mode prefer to EPP 2 Locate an available parallel port 3 Connects included parallel port DB 25 cable to DSO 4 Plug in power source from 12V 1A Adapter Note R2902 use 12V 1A Adapter R2904 use 12V 2A Adapter 5 Waiting for control software turn on Installing R29xx W USB 2 0 Adapter USB 2 0 Adapter cover USB 1 1 version 1 Turn off the computer and all peripheral connected Remove the computer power cord from the wall outlet 2 Locate an available USB interface USB 2 0 Adapter cover USB 1 1 version 3 Connect the included USB cable to USB interface 4 Connect the other end of the USB cable to the USB Adapter 5 Plug in power source from 12V Adapter 6 Waiting for control software turn on 7 After checking all connections turn on the computer peripherals you are now ready to install the software Note The USB 2 0 Adapter support Windows 2000 XP version software Installing Software 1 Insert the distribution CD into drive E E is CD driver 2 Select File menu 3 Enter file to run E dso29xx setup exe 4 Follow the on screen instructions Windows 2000 USB driver install
11. for the following device Windows found a driver that i a closer match for this device thari paur current driver To install the driver Windows found click Nest zl PAdso2521 Ehusb tdrtverain 2 sp gene int lt Back Cancel Click Next to continue Digital Signature Not Found a wl The Microsoft digital signature affirme that software haz been tested with Windows and that the software has not been altered since it was tested ille The software YOU are about to install does not contain a Microsoft digital signature Therefore there is no guarantee that this software works corectly with Windows Usb2 0 Controller 5 If vou want to search for Microsoft digitally signed software visit the Windows Update Web site at http 4 windowsupdate microsoft com to see if one is available Do you want to continue the installation No Meis Click Yes to continue Found New Hardware Wizard Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard d Usbe 0 Controller 5 Windows has finished installing the software for this device To close this wizard click Finish Beck Lance Completing install Windows XP USB driver install When USB2 0 control interface be connected to computer screen will display as following Found Mew Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for USB2 0 Device C If your hardware came with an installation CD Gi or f
12. waveform Logic data is unaffected by this option This is the slowest display option Note The lines and dots can be set to different colors Filter Filter is an averaging function and is defined as Display Point data1 data0 2 data1 data2 4 Persistence Data from previous captures remains on screen and is overlaid by new data Refresh screen Clear refresh the display useful in persistence mode Backup Menu im Fonction stp S ue Backup and Function Backup channel Source Uperator Sources Backup Analog Channel A1 2 3 4 to M1 2 3 4 channel M1 A1toA2 Store channel AT with v div plus channel A2 with v div to M1 memory 1 for current timing view Channel Dialog Box Show the Channel Dialog Box All channel parameters are displayed in this box and can be altered in it as well You can bring up this dialog by clicking on the view menu select tall or wide window A different channel can be selected by hitting the A1 A2 A3 A4 Ch Select button arameters Probe This controls the attenuation level for the probe inputs This should be set to match the probe itself either 1X 10X 100X or 1000X When working with signal amplitudes within O V either the 1X or the 10X setting can be used However if the signal amplitude is outside of 0 V use the 10X setting Note that using the 10X setting with both the probe and the scope even for signals within 0 V will provide better frequency response through the syst
13. Magnification from 1 200X to 1X to 50X Cursors There are two cursors Cursor A Cursor B V1 and V2 they are time and voltage Cursor1 They can be moved using the horizontal and vertical scroll bars or by grabbing and dragging them Differences are automatically calculated and displayed on the screen Calibration Probe Calibration 1 Connect the scope probe Ground Connection to the BNC GND 2 Hold the probe s tip against the calibration point on the BNC center Hole 3 A Square wave signal should appear on the screen 4 Adjust the probe calibration until a true square wave is shown on the screen noting the corners of the waveform which should be sharp and square not rounded over or peaky Programming Library The VISUAL BASIC programming library is a source code level set of procedures that allow full control of the DSO xxxx from your own programs This is an optional package that is available from Clock Computer The package includes the source files for the library example code for using the library The library consists of subroutines for full control of the DSO xxxx This includes routines to initialize the board setup trigger conditions setup acquisition parameters like sample clock rate and source choose the gain and coupling settings transfer data from the board to the PC and save and load data to files File Menu Commands last Rte Cru fom Par HH iat Load Data Al vw Save Data As Load Datal Az
14. aol Q e 5 O c S a OD 5 Q O i lt Operate igital Channel DO D7 8ch DO D15 16ch nput Bandwidth DC 80MHz po DC 8OMHZ y O nput Impedance 200Kohm 4pF Max Input Voltage 50v 100v Transient hreshold Voltage by 50mv step rigger Qualify 0 1 X don t care settings for all digital channels rigger Delay ower Supply C Interface EPP BPP et Weight ize Aluminum Case Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 USB 2 0 Adapter with cable USB 2 0 Adapter with cable Parallel cable IEEE1284 Parallel cable IEEE1284 Color wires with clips DC Adapter Color wires with clips DC Adapter User s Manual CD driver User s Manual CD driver DSO 2902 DSO 2904 Memory 512K and 1 Mega hardware upgrade to 500MHz When purchase order from October 2005 Logic Pod Clock Specification Internal Sampling Rate 1 Sa s to 250 MSa s or 500 Msa s Time base 4ns Division to 20000s Division displayable External Frequency up to 80 MHz External Clock Delay 15ns Analog to Digital Skew Analog channels are 5ns slower than Logic channels setup Hold Time Internal Clock 2 0 ns relative to clock edge External Clock 2 0 ns relative to clock edge The memory mode will be displayed on the right side of the status bar Minimum required a minimum of 128 Mbytes RAM is necessary to use the DSO control program 256 Mbytes system RAM will be better Display
15. changes size and position depending on the zoom setting and the displayed position Ground Point Tick Marks Located to the right of the Analog Display The Ground Point Tick Marks are shaped These display the ground points of each analog channel Ground Point Tick Marks associated with Channel A1 are leftmost and Channel A2 through A4 are successively further to the right They are color coded the same as the data channels that they refer to These Tick Marks can be moved by grabbing and dragging with a pointing device or from the Channel dialog box Trigger Level Tick Marks Located to the left of the Analog Display The active Trigger Level s are displayed here with Level 1 displayed to the right of level 2 The Trigger Level Tick Mark is gt shaped They display the trigger levels and are color coded the same as the trigger cursor These tick marks can be moved by grabbing and dragging with a pointing device or by the trigger dialog box Logic Analyzer Binary Data To the left of the Logic Display are the binary values of each logic input at the Vertical Cursor A and Vertical Cursor B positions To the right of the Logic Display are the binary values of each logic input at the Trigger Cursor position Trigger Cursor The Trigger Cursor is a vertical cursor that defines the actual trigger position within the data buffer of the trigger channel Pre and post trigger information are directly related to the Trigger Cursor posi
16. ckup memory Tard Ti cycle to cycle period jitter is the change in a clock transition from its corresponding position in the previous cycle cycle to cycle Jitter j1 t2 t1 cycle to cycle Jitter j2 t3 t2 Long term period jitter is the change in a clock transition from first clock to end of clock in memory compare to ideal clock it can get Long term period jitter Tj from diagram after choose M3 lt A1 Time Interval Period Jitter it also show the first and ending clock position X Y Oscilloscope Plot Screen Axis Al YAris A An X Y Plot allows you to graph one channel vs another Windows 98 ME USB driver install When USB2 0 control interface be connected to computer screen will display as following Add New Hardware Wizard Windows has found the following new hardware USB2 0 Device Windows can automatically search for and install software that supports your hardware If your hardware came with installation media insert it how and click Next What would you like to do Automatic search for a better driver Game Back Click Next to continue Add New Hardware Wizard Windows will search for new drivers mis driver database on your hard drive and in any of the following selected Search for the best driver for your device Recommended IT Removable Media Floppy CD ROM M Specify a location DAdso252t B Usb20D river e B Display a list of all the drivers in a s
17. d applies to both analog and digital channels Dots Connect View Menu Dots Checking this option will display only the data points of the analog waveform Logic data is unaffected by this option This is the second fastest display option Note that Lines will always be shown when in Sin X X or Filter Interpolation modes Lines and Dots Checking this option will display the lines connecting the data points and the data points of the analog waveform Logic data is unaffected by this option This is the slowest display option Note The lines and dots can be set to different colors Persistence Mode View Menu Turns on or turns off Persistence Mode In this mode with each acquisition of data all previous waveform data remains on the display area This mode is useful for finding waveform anomalies that occur infrequently Persistence Mode is also useful for evaluating signal jitter scroll zoom change display width or any update of the screen will erase all of the old data and will initiate a new Persistence Mode capture To turn Persistence On select Persistence from the View Menu To turn Persistence Off select Persistence again from the View Menu All old data can be cleared or erased from the display by selecting Refresh screen from the View menu by clicking on the refresh button from the toolbar Note scroll Zoom change display width or any update of the screen will erase all of the old data See also
18. e 1 1 rigger Level 10 Vertical Divisions Repetitive Mode Up to 20 GHz pectrum FFT Electronics Counter Y Plot Multi Window erate Digital Channel 8ch DO D15 16ch nput Bandwidth nput Impedance Max Input Voltage hreshold Voltage by 50mv step rigger Qualify rigger Delay 16 Mega Length 32 Mega Length if 1 channel mode a ower Supply DC AC Adapter 12V 1A DC AC Adapter 12V 2A sd C Interface Parallel port USB 1 1 2 0 EPP BPP et Weigh 1 4 Kgs 2 0 Kgs a ize 230mmx135mmx35mm Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 Logic pod Probe 1 1 10 1 USB 2 0 Adapter with cable USB 2 0 Adapter with cable Accessories Parallel cable IEEE1284 Parallel cable IEEE1284 Color wires with clips DC Adapter Color wires with clips DC Adapter User s Manual CD driver User s Manual CD driver Ol xmo O Q R2902 512K R2904 512K T Mona 500MHz 500MHz Remark 31510 2508 1 Sa s to 250 Ms s 1 Sa s to 250 Ms s Sampling Rate 1 Channel 1 Sais to 500 MHz 2 Channel 1 Sais to 500 MHz 200 MHz Logic Channel 200 MHz Logic Channel External Clock 0 to 80 MHz 200Kohm 4pF 90V Max From Channel DO 1K 8K 128K 512K Record Length 1 Channel 1Mega Point nalog Channel A1 A2 A1 A2 A4 A4 2Ch 4Ch Input Bandwidth E 1 Channel DC 90MHz BNC Connect 1Mohm 15pF ensitivity Probe 1 1 rigger Level 10 Vertical Divisions Up to 20 GHz pectrum FFT lectronics Counter Max 7 Digits Resolution Math Multi Window Operate
19. em due to smaller voltage swings through to the digitizer Voltage range Probe and probe settings 10mv div to 2v div probe 1 1 100mv div to 20v div probe 10 1 1000mv div to 200v div probe 100 1 10v div to 2000v div probe 1000 1 Coupling The three selections available are AC DC and GND couple Coupling can also be changed by Channel dialog box In the AC setting the signal for the selected channel is coupled capacitively effectively blocking the DC components of the input signal and filtering out frequencies below 10 Hz The input impedance is 1MW 5pF In the DC setting all signal frequency components of the signal for the selected channel are allowed to pass through The input impedance is 1 MW 5pF In the GND setting both the input and the A D converter are connected to ground Again the input impedance is 1 MW 5pF Use for setting the Ground reference point on the display or if calibrating the DSO board Volts Division V Div controls the vertical sensitivity factor in Volts Division for the selected analog channel Each V Div step follows in a 1 2 5 sequence To get the best representation of the input signal set V Div such that the maximum amplitude swing is displayed on the screen This will match the signal amplitude to use most of the digitizer s range allowing the most bits to be used Volts division can be set via the V div Combo to Settings Volts Division Probe can be set to 10mV 20mV 50mV 100
20. f buffer will be used Waterfall display shows successive FFT breakdowns simultaneously on the screen offset from each other This creates a waveform that shows the frequency behavior overtime Up to 10 FFT breakdowns are shown at one time with the oldest furthest back Typical uses include impulse response decay time in audio work To save FFT data go to File Save and choose a file type of FFT Further information on FFT s can be found in the following sources Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 3 Number 5 May 1990 Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 7 Number 9 Sept 1994 Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 7 Number 10 Oct 1994 Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 8 Number 1 Jan 1995 Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 8 Number 2 Feb 1995 Embedded Systems Programming magazine Volume 8 Number 5 May 1995 Circuit Cellar Ink The Computer Applications Journal Issue 52 Nov 1994 Circuit Cellar Ink The Computer Applications Journal Issue 61 Aug 1995 Dr Dobb s Journal Issue 227 Feb 1995 Measurements Window Menu V Mim 20 mi S d DD CET ET Width Z200 us width 201 us Pernod 400 us Freg 2 5KHz Automatic measurements on input waveforms can be performed These include frequency period rise time fall time min max area Pulse parameter measurements are performed as specified by ANSI IEEE std 181 1977 IEEE Standard on Pulse Measurement and Analysis by Objective Techniques
21. ge time for a rising transition between the 20 to the 80 points falltime 10 90 Average time for a falling transition between the 10 to the 90 points falltime 20 80 Average time for a falling transition between the 20 to the 80 points pulse width positive Average width of positive pulses measured at 50 level pulse width negative Average width of negative pulses measured at 50 level Frequency Average frequency of waveform Help Menu show our web site Trigger Word Setup Menu The Trigger word can set 0 1 and X don t care example 00xx1100 The right word is logic channelO left word is logic channel 7 Accessories USB adapter An optional USB 2 0 adapter is available for the R29xx series It allows you to run the Digital Storage Oscilloscope from the USB port both USB 1 1 amp USB 2 0 version of your computer instead of the Parallel Port interface Test Probe Clips and Wires Extra Test Probe x1 x10 clips and wires are available Dynamic Link Library DLL it is optional to order It also include a visual basic demo source code software libraries are available to allow the user to write custom programs to control the instrument Setting Up The Ttate Window View Timing Backup Mez Colors Tall Parameters window Wide Parameters window Y Toolbar Status Bar Y Grid Display Samples or time d search D15 D0 data Frequency Count d state Setup State of logic analyzer
22. he better the accuracy of the results 4 To obtain the highest speed on FFT we could turn all the channels off except for FFT 5 The values of Depth can be 4K 64K When using 4K we are using the real part and Imaginary part of the integer results of the Simulater Output for independent Probability Noise Signal The MSE calculation results is obtained using 16 bits FFT processor with db less than 75 DB If using db value greater than 75 DB we are going to get too great an inaccuracy When we are using 64K Depth we are doing floating point calculation therefore the machine we use must have floating point math coprocessor Certificate for R2902 R2904 Introduction Calibration equipment used HP 33120A Serial No US36034172 HP 8648A Signal Generator Serial No 3625U00521 This oscilloscope of DSO 29xx has built in automatic calibration system include hardware and software in theory user don t need use any instrument to adjust and calibration even after long term period using the following is the compare diagram between tradition calibration and automatically calibration Offset and Amplify Calibration The tradition calibration for vertical offset and amplifier use a vertical source as oscilloscope input source R29xx use a high accuracy 12 bit d a converter to instead it when every time push GO button to capture data in first time and change rate every time Set dc power supply to ground as oscilloscope input to test vertical off
23. increment of frenquency the better the obtained data will be Attention must be made to clear the Frequency and record Sweep Frequency again every time when we turn on Go to retreive signal When a user set the Mode he can also set the FFT parameters These are the required settings and they are explained as following Source From channel A1 A2 M1 or M2 Points The points to be used are 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 and 33678 The user could think of these points as the scope of period It can be understood that the more points we are taking the better the results will be except the speed of it would be sacrificed This is because the more you analyze the more time it takes to get the job done It is an user s responsibility to make a judgment as to how a compromise should be achieved Window The window is also known as Weighting function it includes Hanning a fixed value generally is peaking Hamming Blackman Triangle and Rectangle Please refer to the Fundamental Principle of this article Due to periodic characteristics of FFT we observe the discontinuation phenomena around the boundaries of the finite length sequence We must use Window to suppress the amplitude of the sample around the boundaries Gain Type The Vertical Axis on the screen is expressed in terms of magnitude Power Spectrum and Logarithm 1 Magnitude The magnitude of the Polar Coordinates on the screen 2 Logarithm in this mode it displa
24. ircuit under test Before initiating any capture cycles the DSO must be configured using the control program see the software section later in the manual for instructions on these procedures To connect the DSO to the test circuit there are two standard BNC probes one for each Analog input channel and a series of mini clips on the Logic Analyzer Pod for the Logic input channels The scope probes have removable hook clips on their ends and a attached alligator clip for the signal ground connection The Logic Analyzer Pod has inputs for 16 channels DO channel is the external clock input and 4 ground points For synchronous data captures external clock sources can be connected to the DO channel At times it may also be necessary to connect the test circuit to the computer system itself This will eliminate more noise in the test application due to ground level differentials This is especially true when dealing with high speed timing analysis Use a heavy gauge wire to make a connection between the test circuit ground and the case of the computer Each Analog channel probe has a calibration adjustment It is important that this calibration be made at least twice a year See Calibration for more information when connecting the probes to any signal make sure that the signal voltage is within the limits of the DSO Check the technical information section for absolute maximum and recommended maximum input voltages for the probes Logic Analyzer P
25. l Scroll Bar This scroll bar is used in conjunction with a selected waveform or cursor The Vertical Scroll Bar will move a selected waveform or cursor up or down in the display area The Vertical Scroll Bar works with Display Analog input channels Memory V1Bar and V2Bar Channel display Select display Channel A1 2 3 4 and M1 2 3 4 Object point Set cursor Bar V1 V2 Trigger Screen left or center for Zoom operate reference Moves one or more cursors to the display area These commands are also available by clicking on the toolbar Object is cursor A Centers waveform display area around Cursor A Object is cursor B Centers waveform display area around Cursor B Object is cursor trigger Centers waveform display area around the Trigger Bar Object is cursor A1 4 Let v1 and v2 have reference object Multi Window This software is a revolution software it have a lot of new function even tradition famous oscilloscope have not these powerful function this software show a lot of timing let user easy to compare and analyzer timing tradition software no matter it is stand alone or computer base oscilloscope only show one timing these one timing software only analyzer one segment of buffer unlike this software it can look buffer in beginning and buffer in middle and buffer in end at the same time the following picture part A show it is locate at beginning and part B at middle of buffer at the same time every individual timing also su
26. lens in an optical system the amplitude distribution is a Fourier s Transformation 3 In Probability a power density spectrum is a Fourier s Transformation 4 In Quantum Theory the Momentum and Location of a particle are connected through Fourier Transformation 5 In Linear System Fourier Transformation is the product of System Transmission Function times Input Signal Fourier Transformation 6 The Noise Analysis of signal detecting can be obtained through Fourier Transformation These are all different applications but they share the same analytical path which is Fourier Transformation Fundamental Principles The Fourier Transformation Formula 2M 1 F x 1 M gt Tk cos 2nK x M isin 22K x M K 0 Tk The mapping data value for the Time Domain F x The mapping data value for the Frequency Domain M FFT data length A The mapping data value for the Frequency Domain Imaginary number The result of the formula is a vector of complex number To show this on the screen we present the Frequency as horizontal coordinate we make the leftmost position representing zero frequency that is the direct current component Harris had pointed out that due to periodic characteristics of FFT we could observe the phenomena of discontinuation at the binderies of a finite length sequence Therefore when we select randomly a signal sample we could see points of discontinuation as a result of periodic expansion This would
27. loppy disk insert t now Ye Rat do you wart the wizard ta dor Install the software automatically Recommended Install fram 4 list or specilic location Advanced Cliek Next ta continus Cancel Click Next to continue Found New Hardware Wizard Please choose your search and installation options Search for the best driver in these locations Use the check boxes below to limit or expand the default search which includes local paths and removable media The best diver found will be stalled Search removable media floppy CD ROM Include this location in the search E ds025216 Usb20D riverswin2000_ XP v gt Don t search will choose the driver to install Choose this option to select the device driver from a list Windows does not guarantee that the diver you choose will be the best match for your hardware Edit or browse path to USB2Odriver win2000_XP gene inf here E is CD location dso25216A may be dso29xx or la5000 Click Next to continue Please wait while the wizard installs the software Ce Hardware Installation Usb 0 Controller 5 A The software you are installing for thie hardware Usb2 0 Controller 5 has not passed Windows Logo testing to verify its compatibility with Windows A Tell me why this testing is important ys Continuing your installation of this software may impair or destabilize the corect operation of pou
28. mV 200mV 500mV 1V 2V 1 1 100mV 200mV 500mV 1V 2V 5V 10V 20V 10 1 1V 2V 5V 10V 20V 50V 100V 200V 100 1 10V 20V 50V 100V 200V 500V 1000V 2000V 1000 1 Offset This parameter offsets the input signal in relation to the digitizer This changes the usable input voltage range The input voltage range is the offset 5 divisions Thus if you moved the offset to 1 00V with 1V division the usable range would be 6 00V to 4 00V Data outside the input range is clipped and stored as either the max or min input value The offset references the 0 00V point GND for the input channel r button in the scroll bar The offset can also be changed by grabbing and moving the appropriate Ground Point Tick Mark in the analog display area FFT Window Menu fei EE 122 07KHz H1 E Source B D Dam ype Powerspectrum sp Em e Hz EEE A H 160 der DE div E Dm e Window Hanning D oom Lu D The FFT window allows control and display of FFT s The following controls are available Window Select the FFT window type Triangular Hanning Hamming Blackman Harris Rectangular Wetch and Parzen Sample points Select how many points the FFT will sample points can t exceed memory depth Horizontal zoom Select horizontal zoom ratio The FFT routines will process the selected channel starting at Cursor A and continue until Sample Points number of points has been reached If Cursor A is not within the buffer Start o
29. n 0 1 2 N 2 a n L a N n n N 2 1 N 1 Rectangle Rectangle Weighting Function pr window coefficients FFT of window Triangle Weighting Function The Characteristics of Weight Function Window Highest Side Lobe 3db Bandwidth odb Bandwidth scallop Loss db oe bins Hanning Li Rectangle Functionality The functionality of FFT can be achieved through the use of Utility To use the Utility We must set Channel Math first and then turn on FFT or Bw sweep We have to Bear that in mind that we could only analyze one channel at a time After finish all the settings we could see the screen showing FFT Channel We describe the differences between FFT and Bw sweep as follow FFT If we are using this mode we are analyzing Channel A1 or Channel A2 in an Real Time Mode To achieve the state of Synchronized Display We are measuring time Domain while we are displaying Fourier Frequency Domain In addition to that we are able to analyze the stored signal easily We only need to read the file on A1 Channel or A2 Channel and then thrown on FFT Whether we turn on Go or not is the difference in retreiving signals Bw Sweep When turning on this mode we are analyzing A1 Channel or A2 Channel through the Frequency Sweep Mode to achieve the State of Frequency Output The user must apply additional frequency to the point of measurement Also we have to increase the frequency from small to large gradually The finer the
30. ngs for one of the analog channels you can select the active channel with the select button next to channel name Just to the right of the analog waveform display are markers for the ground points CH A1 markings are closest to the display than CH A2 These Tickmarks will be displayed in the same color as the channel Just to the left of the analog waveform display are markers for trigger level settings These Tickmarks will be displayed in the same color as the trigger cursor The lower left section of the screen contains the channel labels for the logic analyzer These can be edited on screen by clicking on them or by selected edit channel names from the Channel settings menu The labels can be any alphanumeric string up to fourteen characters long In the name edit window you can also change the order of the channels To select one of the cursors for scrolling click on its selection button or select it from the view menu Thumbnail The Thumbnail Graph display represents the data buffer The graph shows the locations of Cursor A Bar Cursor B Bar and the Trigger cursor and also the current portion of the buffer displayed on the screen Each item is displayed in its color If Thumbnails are turned on a miniature waveform is displayed otherwise a horizontal line is displayed for each channel The portion of the buffer being displayed in the DSO and Logic waveform windows is indicated by the grid colored box This highlight
31. od Markings D0 D7 Channel data inputs for dso2902 DO D15 Channel data inputs for dso2904 GND Signal ground connection The wires and the clips that come with the pods are modular The pods wires and clips can all be disconnected from each other by gently pulling them apart Removing just the clips but leaving the wires connected to the pods allows connections to be made to wires and posts of the test circuit of up to 0 64 mm 0 025 in Do not insert wires or posts greater than this diameter as that will expand the contacts in the wire beyond the allowed limit possibly damaging the connector R29xx Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope User Manual WC Main Screen dadd Imega File See Timing Backup Measure Ae Help Srey az keier Wrote S A T SIE B T 2 dus Object CurT D 150 SaDiv Timed Dn Channel D a Channel Dl OO Channel Dz OO Introduction The main display is made up of five areas On the left side of the screen is the settings parameter display In the middle are the data displays The top is the analog waveform display The bottom is the logic analysis digital waveform display Above the analog display is a Thumbnail graph representing the data buffer This also shows the location of the cursors and which part of the buffer is being displayed On the upper left edge of the screen is the scroll selector area On the right side of the screen you will see the setti
32. pecific location ep you can select the driver you want Cancel Edit or browse path to USB20driver win98_ME gene inf here D is CD location ds025216A may be dso29xx or la5000 Click Next to continue Windows driver file search for the device Usbe D Winde ME 5 Windows i now ready to install the best driver for this devices Click Back to select a different driver or click Next to continue gt Location of driver Ra 8 e SC i e Wi 7 Wa A qj E d O40S5025216 U5B200 1 WiNS8_ME GE Cancel Click Next to continue Add New Hardware Wizard Usb2 0 Wwinde ME 5 Windows has finished installing the new hardware device c Back Lance Completing install Windows 2000 USB driver install When USB2 0 control interface be connected to computer screen will display as following Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install a device driver for a hardware device To continue click Next Rack Click Next to continue Found New Hardware Wizard a Install Hardware Device Drivers A device driver is a software program that enables a hardware device to work with an operating system This wizard will complete the installation for this device USB2 0 Device A device driver is a software program that makes a hardware device work Windows needs driver files for your new device To locate driver files and complete the In
33. pport their own cursor voltage measurement zoom factor etc Another new function are let memory expand to 10 times by software dSo29xx now is 512K size this software can let it look have 5 12 mega size when user open 10 timing and set 10 timing by auto function the method is software continue capture data to these 10 timing every timing have 512K individual buffer so user can look almost 5 12 mega memory it better than any famous oscilloscope in the world a EE _ e Pm E E SCH R29xx Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope User Manual the third big function are it can show long timing when you have two monitor the following show two monitor long timing it can let user easy analyze timing so stand alone oscilloscope can not do it because they only have one monitor The fourth function is it can support two different timing at different monitor the follow picture is left monitor show square waveform and right monitor show another waveform it easy compare last capture data and current data at different monitor these function even famous oscilloscope have not support it Hardware Specifications Specifications The Model No R2902 256K amp R2904 256K are discontinue from September 2005 M R2902 256K R2904 256K See Sampling Rate 1Sa s to 250MSa s by 1 2 5 sequence Internal clock External Clock From Channel DO Point 2 Ch 4 Ch Input Bandwidth BNC Connect ensitivity Prob
34. produce leakage of Frequency Spectrum across the whole frequency band To suppress the amplitude of sample around the binderies we must apply Weight Function to it discontinuation The Vertical Axis on the screen is expressed in terms of Magnitude Decibel db and Logarithm Magnitude Mn 4 Rnt ne Decibel db dbm Ps 10 log Mn Mref 20 log Mn Mref Here Mref represents the reference value It is define as 0 dom or 0 316 V Peak to Peak Value or Effective Value 0 244V It is define as 1 0 mW or it is defined as Resistance Value 50 Q Logarithm In this mode the display is expressed in decibel and the Measurement is expressed in Magnitude Generally speaking the Spectrum Processing System is expressed in the following formula N 1 Y k A n X k n n 0 This formula utilizes Weighting function that is also known as Window For example Hanning Hamming Blackman Triangle and Rectangle These are further explained as following Hanning It is cos a 0 type window expressed mathematically as following a n 0 5 1 cos 2 mn N Hamming It is similar to Hanning The only difference is the coefficients for cosine term a n 0 54 0 46 cos 2 mn N n 0 1 2 N 1 Blackman It is the sum of a series of cosine terms It is equal to Weighting function M a n gt 1 b m cos 2 anm N n 0 1 2 N 1 m 0 Triangle Triangle Weighting Function It is define as following 2n N
35. r system either immediately or in the future Microsoft strongly recommends that you stop this installation now and contact the hardware vendor for software that has passed Windows Logo testing Continue Anya STOF Installation Press Continue Anyway Found New Hardware Wizard Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard The wizard has finished installing the software for S Usb 0 Controller 5 Click Finish to close the wizard lt Hack Finish l Lancel Completing install 38 Technical Support Technical support can be reached at 10 Electro Road Toronto ON M1R 2A7 Canada Phone 1 416 7570764 Fax 1 416 7570764 E mail Support rorixwell com Software Updates Software can be downloaded from our website http www Rorixwell com 10 Electro Road Toronto ON M1R 2A7 Canada Phone 1 416 7570764 Fax 1 416 7570764 E mail Support rorixwell com APPENDIX Fast Fourier Transformations Understanding FFT s Application Introduction to FFT Detecting and measurement are the basic functions of signal processing In some application it is important to analyze the periodic components of sinusoidal signals FFT can serve as a tool to dismember a signal into its periodic components for analysis purposes Typical FFT of Applications 1 Antenna s directional diagram is a function of Fourier s Transformation of transmitting current 2 On the front and back focus planes of convex
36. set or we call it vertical position for some other oscilloscope our R29xx has a relay short to ground then capture data it will use 12 bit d a converter to adjust the level until R29xx can capture ground level at proper position the same is true for amplifier adjust Hardware and software should work on it to make sure the amplify has enough accuracy the following is one test result JL Scale Input Result Input f Result Frequency Bandwidth Let sine wave generator output peak to peak 600mv from 1 hz to 80Mhz Set R29xx proper sample rate and scale The result for R29xx should be in peak to peak 598mv to 602mv Trigger Position Calibration R29xx use software let trigger position always lock in 100 accuracy position even you zoom in the waveform still lock in 100 accuracy position Logic Analyzer Trigger Test LA 55160 pattern generator Use LA 55160 arbitrary pattern generator to output some specific word like 01010101 or 00001111 etc then set trigger word it should get trigger word at proper position
37. stallation click Mest What do vou want the wizard ta do Ze Search for a suitable driver for my device recommended Display a list of the known drivers for this device so that can choose a specific driver lt Back Cancel Click Next to continue Found New Hardware Wizard E Locate Driver Files Where do you want Windows to search for driver tiles Search far driver files for the following hardware device ok USB2 0 Device The wizard searches for suitable drivers in its driver databaze on your computer and in any of the following optional search locations that jou specify j To start the search click Nest If pou are searching on a floppy disk or CD ROM drive insert the floppy disk or CD before clicking Next Optional search locations Floppy disk drives F CO ROM dives IY Specify a location Microsoft Windows Update lt Back Set Cancel Click Next to continue Upgrade Device Driver Wizard Insert the manufacturer s installation disk into the drive E selected and then click OK Cancel Copy manufacturer s files from F deo2521B Usb20Dtriverlwin2000_ P Browse Edit or browse path to USB20driver win2000_XP gene inf here F is CD location ds025216A may be dso29xx or la5000 Press OK Upgrade Device Driver Wizard z Em Driver Files Search Results The wizard has finished searching fer driver files Tor pour hardware device The wizard found a driver
38. tion The trigger cursor position can be changed by Grabbing and dragging the Trigger Cursor with a pointing device Selecting the Trigger cursor by clicking on the Trigger button in the Selection Buttons and using the Horizontal Scrollbar Horizontal V1Bar and V2Bar The Horizontal Cursors provide an easy means of voltage measurements For a selected channel the voltage difference between the two cursors is shown in the Parameters Display area V1Bar and V2Bar can be moved by Grabbing and dragging the cursors with a pointing device Selecting the Cursor by clicking on the V1Bar or V2Bar button and using the Vertical Scrollbar Vertical Cursor A and Cursor B The Vertical Cursors provide an easy means to make time measurements For a selected channel the time difference between the two VBar and the trigger cursor is shown in the Parameters Display area Cursor A and Cursor B can be moved by Grabbing and dragging the cursor Selecting the Cursor by clicking on the Cursor A or Cursor B button and using the Horizontal Scrollbar Selecting the trigger cursor from the view menu Horizontal Scroll Bar This scroll bar is used in conjunction with a selected waveform or cursor The Horizontal Scroll Bar will move a selected waveform or cursor left or right in the display area The Horizontal Scroll Bar works with Display Analog input channels Memory Logic Analyzer channels Cursor A Cursor B and Trigger Cursor Vertica
39. tory in which to retrieve the file that you want to open Click on OK when done or Cancel to abort Settings File Format The settings are now saved in an INI file format and should be self explanatory Data File Format data stored in binary format File Save File menu The following options allow you to specify the name and location of the file you re about to save Type a new filename to save a document with a different name A filename can contain up to eight characters and an extension of up to three characters You must use one of the listed extensions to specify the type of file you wish to save Save File as Type INI settings File Format DSO Data File Format Drives Select the drive in which you want to save the file Directories Select the directory in which you want to save the file Click on the OK button when done or Cancel to abort Auto Save Settings Command File Menu Turns on or turns off the Auto save option When this option is on all settings will be loaded when start the program Print Setup Command File Menu Print Setup dialog box allows you to configure the printer Exit Command File Menu Use this command to end your session You can also use the Close command on the application Control menu View Menu Commands View Timing Backup Mes Colors Tall Parameters w mdow Wide Parameters window Y Toolbar Status Bar Y Grid Display samples or time Search D15 D0 data Preq
40. uency Count State Setup State of logic analyzer The View menu offers the following Color Change colors of the entire display The current colors are displayed on screen To change the color of an item select it from the pick list Then use the color palate to pick a new color Note Items that are the same color as the background will not be visible Tall parameters window Show parameter in tall way Tall parameters window Show parameter in wide way Tool Bar Show or hide Tool Bar Status Bar Show or hide Status Bar Grid Show or hide grid on analog display Time or Samples For Timing display display Time like as 12 34ms or display how many samples Trigger word Set Trigger word for digital channel DO D15 Tool Bar View Menu amp 0 The Go command tells the DSO to start acquiring data when the trigger conditions are satisfied Pressed means Start capture un pressed means stop capture set Automatic setup parameters for capture Channel Display View Menu When Display is checked the channel will be displayed on the screen When Display is not checked the channel will not be displayed on the screen Turning Display off for a channel will both speed up and un clutter the display However the data is still acquired from that channel unless transfer is turned off A channel s display can also be set with the buttons on the left edge of the screen If the channel is on the button will be highlighted Note This comman
41. y Power spectrum and the measurement is expressed as Magnitude 3 Power Spectrum By formula Ps 20 log Mn Mref Here Mref represents the Reference Value of 0 316V It is defined as 0 dbm 0 316V p p or 0 244V Effective Value also known as 1 0mW and the Resistance of 50 Q The Vertical Axis on the screen is expressed in terms of Magnitude db or Logarithm These are explained as following DB div Itis active only when Gain Type is set to Power spectrum It is the unit of the Vertical coordinate It represents DBm There are four different scales 5 10 20 50 DBm DB offset It is active only when Gain Type is set to Power spectrum It can change the position of FFT to make it going up and down To obtain the measured data using Ctrl and Alt keys plus Left or Right key to measure Frequency To measure Magnitude we can use Ctrl or Alt key plus Up or Down key After that we can get the data displayed in the rectangle frame of FFT parameter Notes It is highly desirable to confirm the following items before doing analyzing 1 If the measurement is for low frequency we ought to make sure the frequency of the sample is not too large Since the larger the frequency of the sample the large the Band Width The sample frequency needs to be as twice as large as the frequency to be measured 2 It is undersirable to use Logic Analyzer and FFT simultaneously 3 It is desireable to have waveform on the Time Domain The stronger the waveform t
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