USER`S MANUAL The Decision Support System (DSS)
Contents
1. E Up to HAD Mc 3 5 X m e DAMASAK va PROPORTION NOT GREATER v THAN 100 Few Along Sater E foun Dan was resi van Dead bg ingron Demand onde dene Wow Dead Other Ofw Neservce DUIP Dabcisncp n MP D amand DHNW HNW Denand Dai Detcencyn los Cemanc Dai W Cehcuncy n onsctc Water Suppi ALL FLOWIN Arte LULE ANY GRAPH TO PEINT THE GRAPH Figure 6 Summary of demand and supply behind decision dialogue 12 User s Manual for the Decision Support System Decision uppact Systema 605 Enter Yow x Semur i betas FOR KASD CIT 235 0 39 7 WI 22 9 4 0 TO KAMALT 1801 Ur 10 WETLAND 14 8 TP DARASA 10 4 2 7 INAYE OF SUPPLY TOR SURFACE ABA 1722 97 i iii re Damm PATIO FXCTOS 25 Ts PROPORTION NOT GREATER THAN 100 Dar Wie borane We gt ein Derand Moa fe l ieieroca Lvagarton Lees D Det W Detcercymbspeen terse W CetcarcyinDowectc Wate Supiy ALLFLOWIN MEM FIGHT CU ANY TO PEINT THE GRABS Dead OIG dren Water Dici DHP Dabcisncy Culicancg in HV Demand Figure 7 Dialogue window for selecting surface water rat2. i T ur S LI s p Figure 3 Welcome interface e Click Continue and the module window Figure 4 appears User s Manual for the Decision Support System SSR eee eee Decision Support System GIS f fx Enter Year Dom Wate emand mig Im HDWS Hadejia Area Water Demand Other Rel ma ir IP Deficiency in Demand Deficiency in HNW Demand ven Ma y in Domestic Water Supply FLOW IN 2 ther ase Det IR Deficiency in Inigation Deman ef W Def RIGHT CLICK ANY GRAPH TO PRINT THE GRAPH Figure 4 Module window The window shows the various modules The meanings of the abbreviations that come up in the course of execution of the model are shown You can also view the KYB river system e Click enter year This will request for year four digit e g 2005 desired for execution The program can execute for one year or multiple of years up to 10 years For multiple years enter the last year for 2006 to 2010 enter 2010 NB you must have the necessary rainfall data for multiple years r_user txt e Then click population icon to select the rate of increase for the population of Kano City Hadejia area all informal users around Wudil to Hadejia area from Hadejia to Damasak and Damasak to Yau area There are three options constant rate linear rate and exponential rate You are also required to edit the population base data
3. ECOL Q DAT Ecological release requirement Line 1 name of station Line 2 subtitle 9wk release Line 3 wk 1 flow in Mm Line 4 wk 2 flow in Mm Line 54 wk 52 flow in Mm 6 0 OUTPUT Flow along KYB river system for a wet year with full development at Kafin Zaki and Kawali Irrigation Scheme and all demand based on surface water resources is shown in Figure 10 as an example of a typical output from the DSS i e DSSModel 27 User s Manual for the Decision Support System De n Support System GIS Enter Year Inflow to Tiga Inflow to Tiga Inflow to Tiga 2000 2000 20 20 WATER INFLOW DEF IR MAXIMUM RRG a0 100 OUTFLOW DEF W ele STORAGE EVAP sit T y 2 3 9 Laer Population Xaxis Week Y axis Flow Xaxis Week Y axis Flow Xaxis Week Y axis Flow Climate Inflow to Challawa Gorge Inflow to Challawa Gorge Inflow to Challawa Gorge 1000 1000 20 4 20 WATER INFLOW DEF IR MAXIMUM 4 IRRIG T 90 18 0 OUTFLOW DEF_W STORAGE ai 0 o 0 3 MAXIMUM T 50 10 RRG EVAP OUTFLOW DEF W Ew STORAGE so ate 0 OTHER T F X axis Week is Fl s Y axis Flow Xaxis Week Y
4. C where ms 12 38 c 6 140 5 for LEVEL lt 498 0 ms 2 4998 c 1 214 1893 for 498 0 lt LEVEL lt 514 0 ms 1 6442 c 775 4073 for LEVEL gt 514 0 DISCH in m s and LEVEL in m 20 User s Manual for the Decision Support System n Ree Determine whether the discharge could meet the demand DEFICIENT in IRRIGATION OR WATER SUPPLY 4 2 3 DOWN DAM EXE This module route the flow from Upper Hadejia to Yau The routing was based on historical flow records and mathematical relationship between the flows 4 3 The Complete DSSModel The acronym of the model developed is termed DSSModel The model was built in modules The flow structure of the model is presented in Figure 9 4 3 1 Data preparation The formats for data preparation are expressed below POPD DAT population data file Example 1995 4230000 3 0 750000 2 5 56586 2 5 67660 2 5 Line 1 year of record Line 2 population of Kano City for the year of record annual growth rate Line 3 population of community downstream of Kano up to Hadejia informal user annual growth rate Line 4 population downstream of Hadejia up to Damasak informal user annual growth rate Line 5 population from Damasak to Yau informal user annual growth rate 21 User s Manual for the Decision Support System CREATE C DSSMODEL AND ALL ASSOCIATED SUBDIRECTORIES PREPARE DATA FILES M CATH R TXT monthly catchment rainfall for T
5. Figure 5 Click edit population then the population data for 1995 is displayed Modify the population data 9 User s Manual for the Decision Support System O O OO cQ if desired or if new information is available Then click safe and close this takes you to dialogue for modifying the livestock data in Yobe sub basin Modify the data if desired then click safe and close Then click ok e Click climate icon to select the climatic pattern of the year This could be normal wet extra wet dry extra dry and prolong dry years as well as optional code There are rainfall patterns for the six climatic patterns in the directory C dssmodel but user has to enter the rainfall pattern for optional case See format of entering r user txt Table 3 Each of the four sub directories has example of the r_user txt Also the root directory c dssmodel has three files bun us txt kan us txt hav us txt for Jama are sub basin Kano area and Jigawa area respectively for user to supply Dan wis Doren vaw Dead by ingron Dorani BAS Modest cona ow Dead Dither Ofw fom DHP Debcinncp n MP Dead DMA Debcimncpin HNW Demand Ceteenc n sos Cemanc Dai W Cehcuncy n Oosie Water Suppi ALL FLOWIN FAIGHT LUCR ANY GRAPH TO PEINT THE GF Figure 5 Population dialogue window 10 User s Manual for the
6. Procedure of Using the DSS 1 2 2 1 Installation 2 2 2 2 Summary of input files 3 2 2 3 Summary of executable files 6 3 0 EXECUTING DSS PROGRAM 7 4 0 BASIS OF MODELLING 14 4 1 The Rainfall Runoff Model 14 4 1 1 Basis of the rainfall runoff model 14 4 1 2 Structure of the model 14 4 1 3 The model parameters 16 4 2 The Demand Allocation Model 16 4 2 1 DAGR EXE 16 4 2 2 RESERVOL EXE 18 4 2 3 DOWN DAM EXE 20 4 3 The Complete DSSModel 20 4 3 1 Data preparation 20 5 0 OUTPUT 26 iii User s Manual for the Decision Support System nc a TT O O O A n ccc MM List of Tables Table 1 Data files for the DSS 3 Table 2 Executable files for the DSS 6 Table 3 Standard for providing rainfall file Tiga Unit for Optional Code 10 Table 4 Output files from the program 13 Table 5 The model parameters 16 List of Figures Figure 1 The Interface of the model Figure 2 Selection of Database Name Figure 3 Welcome interface Figure 4 Module window Figure 5 Population dialogue window Figure 6 Summary of demand and supply behind decision dialogue Figure 7 Dialogue window for selecting surface water rate Figure 8 Variation in domestic water demand in KYB Figure 9 Flow Structure of the DSSModel Figure 10 Flow along KYB river system wet year full development at Kawali Irrigation Scheme 27 Nee ee iv User s Manual for the Decision Support System 1 0 INTRODUCTI ON The user interfa
7. ax bx cx constant where x is volume Thus each line should have the lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 7 parameters for converting reservoir level to river discharge discharge coef level const The first 5 values show the lower limit upper limit lower limit upper limit and lower limit of the three segments of the equation then the coefficient and constant of the respective segments CAT PAR DAT Example 0 01 0 05 0 2 0 35 299 2 0 25 4 0 1 26 User s Manual for the Decision Support System Line 1 minimum and maximum value of tvss Line 2 minimum and maximum value of fmax Line 3 minimum and maximum value of hinfl Line 4 minimum and maximum value of chstk Line 5 minimum and maximum value of tvsm Line 6 minimum and maximum value of cmax Line 7 minimum and maximum value of pcus Line 8 minimum and maximum value of gwsc Line 9 minimum and maximum value of tvgw TEMPE TXT monthly temperature and relative humidity Line 1 name of station subtitles TEMP REL HUM Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month 1 of starting year temperature relative humidity Line 4 month 2 of starting year temperature relative humidity Line 14 month 12 of starting year temperature relative humidity Line 15 month 1 of subsequent year temperature relative humidity Last line month 12 of ending year temperature relative humidity
8. axis Flow 3 tries Weel Kass Work i i Reservoir Jow to Kafin Zaki Inflow to Kafin Zaki Eo Tetew to Eatin ak Flow Along 1000 1000 20 4 20 DOM WATER River System IRRIG EN R 500 500 MAXIMUM 40 4 10 OUTFLOW DEF W STORAGE EVAP 0 0 0 SPILL OTHER ae Resume Xaxs Week Y axis Fl gt Y exis Flow Xaxis Week Y axis Flow sias Wet Kens week Hake es Wola Danan Dom Water Domestic Water Demand _ Img Inigation Demand HDWS S DUI Deed JBHNNU Dia i Dana Evap Evaporation Loss Other Other Release from the Reservoir DHIP Sur uL FLOWIN MCM riei en View Map Def IR Deficiency in Irrigation Demand Def W Deficiency in Domestic Watt 31 Supply RIGHT CLICK ANY GRAPH PRINT THE GRAPH Figure 10 Flow along KYB river system Wet year full development at Kawali Irrigation Scheme 28
9. 4073 Line 1 station name Line 2 maximum reservoir level maximum storage volume average storage volume at the end of year Line 3 and Line 4 Parameters for volume area equation area coef vol constant Thus line 3 and line 4 show lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 5 to Line 6 Parameters for volume elevation equation Level ax bx cx constant where x is volume Thus each line should have the lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 7 parameters for converting reservoir level to river discharge discharge coef level const The first 5 values show the lower limit upper limit lower limit upper limit and lower limit of the three segments of the equation then the coefficient and constant of the respective segments RE_BUNG TXT reservoir characteristics data BUNGA 524 0 948 0 850 0 0 0 100 0 0 22799 0 0 100 0 948 0 0 09 13 79322 0 0 20 0 0 0069 0 225 2 6194 487 81 20 0 1020 0 0 00000005 0 00009 0 068 501 06 0 0 498 0 498 0 514 0 514 0 12 38 6140 5 2 4998 1214 1893 1 6442 775 4073 Line 1 station name Line 2 maximum reservoir level maximum storage volume average storage volume at the end of year Line 3 and Line 4 Parameters for volume area equation area coef vol constant Thus line 3 and line 4 show lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 5 to Line 6 Parameters for volume elevation equation Level
10. Bunga This is a reservoir operation study taking care of inflow and all withdrawals Two output files RES 01 TXT and RES OUT TXT are opened RES OUT TXT is for graphical display while RES 01 TXT is the text version with explanation Summary of water resources is displayed and proportion of demand to be met by surface water resources is provided GOTO SIMULATION where the file DOWN DAM EXE is run The flows at critical nodes along the basin are displayed in graphical form using SEQ OUT TXT The file SEQ 01 is the text version with explanation CLICK RESUME Figure 9 Flow structure of the DSSModel 23 User s Manual for the Decision Support System TT O O O CQ IN DISCH TXT Line 1 title of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record catchment area in km Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4 starting year monthly flow in Mm Line 5 next year monthly flow in Mm Last line ending year monthly flow in Mm M CATH R TXT Line 1 name of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4 starting year monthly rainfall depth Line 5 next year monthly rainfall depth Last line ending year monthly rainfall depth R USER TXT monthly rainfall record for user optional code Line 1 name of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4
11. C dssmodel bunga Parame txt Optimum parameter for rainfall runoff A_simu txt Weekly observed and estimated flow for Graphical Display Res_01 txt Output from reservoir operation Res out txt Output from the reservoir for Graphical Display Output files for graphical display might not be self explanatory 4 0 BASI S OF MODELI NG 4 1 The Rainfall Runoff Model 4 1 1 Basis of the rainfall runoff model The basis of the model is a water balance between the following 14 User s Manual for the Decision Support System TT O O O A cQ CEQE i Input to the catchment as rainfall ii Output from the catchment as evapotranspiration loss surface runoff and sub surface flow iii Change in the volume of water stored in the catchment This is summarized in the equation P E Qi Q 0 5 L eexesseeenn 1 where P is rainfall E is evapotranspiration loss is Surface runoff is subsurface flow and DS is the change in storage positive or negative 4 1 2 Structure of the model The model is conceived as a linear combination of four storage elements identified as i Surface storage ii Channel storage iii Soil moisture storage iv Groundwater storage Surface Storage This unit is augmented by rainfall and artificial inflow if any and depleted by evapotranspiration loss and infiltration to the soil moisture zone Channel inflow will occur when the st
12. Decision Support System He O O O cQ Table 3 Standard for providing rainfall file Tiga Unit for Optional Code TIGA CATCH 1986 1992 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1986 0 0 17 7 1 8 32 5 84 9 140 1 302 8 215 4 147 7 8 2 0 0 0 0 1987 0 0 0 0 24 1 7 4 86 7 159 3 239 9 237 6 112 5 45 0 0 0 0 0 1988 0 0 3 9 13 6 89 5 98 0 159 1 207 8 328 0 189 6 44 1 0 0 0 0 1989 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 3 65 2 134 4 185 7 315 6 109 7 53 7 0 0 4 4 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 158 3 132 7 224 8 210 5 144 4 7 3 0 0 1 0 1991 0 0 0 3 21 4 86 0 172 0 175 5 274 1 346 0 64 5 22 7 0 0 0 0 1992 0 0 2 1 29 2 83 5 136 6 148 7 233 4 292 1 191 1 34 8 2 3 0 0 e Then click on change user icon and enter the proportion of the demand from a specified user you wish to analyse You can enter an integer from O to 100 for each user For example a user rate of 100 for KCWS implies the current rate year 2005 value of water demand for Kano City should be assessed Click ok when you have selected the rate in percentage for all users Then click ok again for a summary of annual water demand for each user to be displayed Click continue e Click reservoir icon Three reservoirs will be active Tiga Challawa and Kafin Zaki Click on each icon in order of appearance top to bottom A plot of inflow to each reservoir as estimated in the rainfall runoff model is displayed If you have selected 0 for Kafin Zaki a plot of inflow at Bunga is displayed since the reservoir
13. TheWorld Conservation Union of FMWR IUCN NCF KOMADUGU YOBE BASIN PROJECT 2006 USER S MANUAL for The Decision Support System DSS Nigeria Annex 1 to the Water Audit for Komadugu Yobe Basin Afremedev Consultancy Services Limited Plot 5 A close off 45 Road Gwarimpa Housing Estate PO Box 9155 Wuse Abuja Tele 09 671 9220 Fax 09 523 8343 Email afremedev afremedev com http www afremedev com May 2006 User s Manual for the Decision Support System ne er ANNEX 1 USER S MANUAL FOR THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE KOMADUGU YOBE BASIN Copyright FAWR IUCN NCF Komadugu Yobe Basin Project This publication was commissioned as part of the FMWR IUCN NCF Komadugu Yobe Basin Project and undertaken by Afremedev Consultancy Services Limited The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect official policies This document has been produced with the intention of promoting discussion among key stakeholders in the water sector in Komadugu Yobe Basin Please reference the report as KYBP 2006 User s Manual for the Decision Support System for the KYB by Afremedev Consultancy Services Limited for FMWR IUCN NCF Komadugu Yobe Basin Project Kano Nigeria ii User s Manual for the Decision Support System nc m 1l O O O ee Contents Table of Contents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv 1 0 INTRODUCTION 1 2 0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 1 2 1 System Requirement 1 2 2
14. ach sub directory must have the data files specified in Table 1 e The executable files in each sub directory are shown in Table 2 2 2 2 Summary of input files Table 1 shows the input files and the location of the respective files required for successful execution of the model User s Manual for the Decision Support System O O O O LEE Table 1 Data files for the DSS Location File name Comment C dssmodel m_kano_r txt m_hade_r txt m_bun_r txt popd txt A_pd txt HNW_D dat Kan_us dat had_us dat bun_us dat Monthly rainfall mm for Kano Monthly rainfall mm for Hadejia Monthly rainfall mm for Bauchi Population data for Kano City Hadejia area Yobe area Borno area Livestock population in Yobe sub basin Weekly requirement Mm for Hadejia Nguru Wetlands Monthly rainfall mm for Kano hadejia and Bauchi up to a maximu of 10 years required for optional climatic scenario C dssmodel tiga In_disch txt M_catch_r txt R_user txt Re_tiga dat Ecol_q dat cat par dat tempe txt Historical monthly inflow Mm to Tiga lake Monthly rainfall mm data for the catchment Monthly rainfall mm up to a maximum of 10 years required for optional climatic scenario Characteristic data for the reservoir Average weekly ecological release requirement Mm Range of values for catchment parameters in rainfall runoff module Monthly te
15. ce of the model is presented below Decision Support System GIS z Enter Year Li Population er Demand lrig Imigation Demand HDWS Hadeji Area Water Demand Other Other Release from the Reservoir DHIP Deficiency in HVIP Demand DHNW Deficiency in HNW Demand View May in Irrigation LW Deficiency in Domestic Water Supply ALL FLOW IN p RAPH TO PRINT THE GRAPH Figure 1 The Interface of the model 2 0 I NSTALLATI ON PROCEDURE 2 1 System Requirement A Personal Computer with XP operating system and full installation for Microsoft Office 2 2 Procedure of Using the DSS The data files and installation files are supplied in a directory backup dss The directory has two sub directories dssmodel and dss setup Create the directory dssmodel in your hard drive C C dssmodel Copy the contents of subdirectory dssmodel in the removable disk into C dssmodel The program runs only in the directory c dssmodel User s Manual for the Decision Support System O O O cc The installation pack dss setup has three files for installation in the setup directory Follow the steps specified in Section 2 2 1 2 2 1 Installation Step 1 Installation of user friendly environment For the program to run in a user friendly mode follow this procedure e Locate the directory dss setup in your pack removable drive This directory has three f
16. e The output files during execution are summarised in Table 4 Some of these files serve as input for graphical display of results while others can be accessed using a notepad or text editor Table 4 Output files from the program Location File name Comment C dssmodel Seq_01 txt Summary of flow at critical nodes from Wudil to Yau in the basin including deficit level to Hadejia Nguru Wetlands and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Seq_out txt Summary of flow at critical nodes from Wudil to Yau in the basin including deficit level to Hadejia Nguru Wetlands and Hadejia Valley Irrigation for Graphical Display Demd_sum txt Summary of demand from KYB 13 User s Manual for the Decision Support System O O O Location File name Comment Supl_sum txt Summary of water resources in the basin C dssmodel tiga Parame txt Optimum parameter for rainfall runoff A_simu txt Weekly observed and estimated flow for Graphical Display Res_01 txt Output from reservoir operation Res_out txt Output from the reservoir for Graphical Display C dssmodel challawa Parame txt Optimum parameter for rainfall runoff A_simu txt Weekly observed and estimated flow for Graphical Display Res_01 txt Output from reservoir operation Res_out txt Output from the reservoir for Graphical Display C dssmodel unregul Parame txt Optimum parameter for rainfall runoff A_simu txt Weekly estimated flow
17. iga Challawa Bunga and Unregulated units and put in the respective directories M KANO R TXT M HADE TXT and monthly rainfall for Kano Hadeiia Bunga RUN CLNORM EXE IN EACH SUDIRECTORIES to stratify rainfall records into climatic patterns RUN CLNORM M EXE IN EACH SUDIRECTORIES to stratify rainfall records into climatic patterns RUN USER FRIENDLY PACKAGE OF DSSMODEL see nstallation procedure ENTER DESIRED YEAR p FOR SIMULATION ENTER POPULATION INCREMENT RATE for Kano City downstream of Kano to Hadejia Hadejia to Damasak Damasak to Yau The file IN PL DAT is created ENTER LEVEL OF DEMAND TO BE SATISFIED Main users are KCWS KRIP and HVIP Secondary users are domestic and livestock users in Hadejia up to Damasak and Yau CTRL DAT demand in KYB IS CREATED FILE DAGR EXE IS EXECUTED to calaculate 22 User s Manual for the Decision Support System a ENTER CLIMATIC PATTERN The file PM CTRL DAT is created in the C DSSMODEL and P CTRL DAT in each of the four sub directories M CLICK RESERVOIR The files FLOW EXE and SIMULA EXE are executed in Tiga Challawa and Bunga subdirectories The observed and estimated inflows are plotted Then AVEGP EXE and SIMULA EXE are executed for unregulated area of Hadejia THEN the file RESERVOLEXE is executed for Tiga Challawa and
18. iles The directory must not be in the c dssmodel e click setup and follow the installation procedure e Click ok to continue or exit to terminate installation e click change directory and change directory to c dssmodel which you have created e Click setup icon and answer yes to the subsequent questions Go to control panel click start and select control panel e double click administrative tools e double click Data Sources ODBC e Select system DSN and click Add e Select Microsoft access driver and click finish e ODBC Microsoft Access setup dialogue will appear type gis in the box for data source name and click select under database see Figure 2 then choose c dssmodel as the directory for database and select database name as gis mdb Then click ok to close the dialogue box You have successfully installed the user interface of the program User s Manual for the Decision Support System Database Mame Directories gis mdb c dssmadel giz mdb Cancel dsemodel C bunga E challawa 7 tiga Help Read Only 7 unregul Esclusive List Files of Type Access Databases m Figure 2 Selection of Database Name Step 2 Check the data files in C dssmodel This step is for verification of files copied into your system e The directory c dssmodel must have four sub directories to keep the catchment data These are c dssmodel tiga c dssmodel challawa c dssmodel unregul c dssmodel bunga e E
19. is still proposed Click continue and then ok to display a summary of water available from the four sub basins A summary of the demand from each sub basin is also displayed Click continue to display decision dialogue The dialogue requested for information on the proportion of the demand that should be satisfied from available surface water The decision is expected to be based on the summary of demand and supply of water in KYB This summary is displayed behind the decision dialogue Figure 6 The decision dialogue can be moved with the aid of mouse to view the summary of demand and supply Figure 7 11 User s Manual for the Decision Support System a TT CEDE Enter value between 0 and 100 for sector Tiga sub unit Challawa sub unit area from Wudil to Hadejia Hadejia to Damasak and Damasak to Yau A value of 100 means 100 of the estimated demand should be satisfied from surface water resources Click ok then click yes to plot graphs showing simulated storage spillage demands and level of deficiency e Click on the icon flow along river system The flow from upper section of Hadejia River system through the Hadejia barrage to Hadejia Nguru Wetland and to Yau is displayed The volume of flow at critical section along the river system is plotted e Click resume to start again otherwise terminate Right click on any graph to print c Pi e cem 1 i SECTOR ome ma
20. limatic patterns The fit run for rainfall runoff module Determine catchment parameters Use optimum parameters of the catchment to simulate flow for desired rainfall pattern Simulate flow and demand through the reservoir for desired climatic pattern C dssmodel unregul Clnorm exe Avegp exe Simula exe Stratify monthly rainfall record in the catchment into climatic patterns Determine model parameters for rainfall runoff model as average of Tiga and Challawa sub basins Use optimum parameters of the catchment to simulate flow for desired rainfall pattern C dssmodel bunga Clnorm exe Flow exe Stratify monthly rainfall record in the catchment into climatic patterns The fit run for rainfall runoff module Determine catchment User s Manual for the Decision Support System 2 O O O cc Location File name Comment parameters Simula exe Use optimum parameters of the catchment to simulate flow for desired rainfall pattern Reservoi exe Simulate flow and demand through the reservoir for desired climatic pattern 3 0 EXECUTI NG DSS PROGRAM The program is interactive and it requires input from user The procedure is as follows e Click start then program and click decision support system GIS e The user window Figure 3 appears DELI GION TrussepPEupRT EH ACH Toke GaAs F IT E
21. mperature User s Manual for the Decision Support System n TT O O O cc Location File name Comment C and relative humidity 96 for the catchment C dssmodel challawa In_disch txt M_catch_r txt R_user txt Re_chal dat Ecol_q dat cat par dat tempe txt Historical monthly inflow Mm to Challawa reservoir Monthly rainfall mm data for the catchment Monthly rainfall mm up to a maximum of 10 years required for optional climatic scenario Characteristic data for the reservoir Average weekly ecological release requirement Mm Range of values for catchment parameters in rainfall runoff module Monthly temperature C and relative humidity for the catchment C dssmodel unregul M_catch_r txt R_user txt tempe txt Monthly rainfall mm data for the catchment Monthly rainfall mm up to a maximum of 10 years required for optional climatic scenario Monthly temperature C and relative humidity for the catchment C dssmodel bunga In_disch txt M_catch_r txt R_user txt Historical monthly inflow Mm to Bunga reservoir Monthly rainfall mm data for the catchment Monthly rainfall mm up to a maximum of User s Manual for the Decision Support System n TT cC Location File name Comment Re bung dat Ecol q dat cat par da
22. oisture Storage The movement of water into the unit is controlled by infiltration and capillary rise Evapotranspiration and deep percolation controls the movement of water out of the unit Deep percolation occurs when the soil moisture storage exceeds a threshold value Capillary rise will cease whenever there is deep percolation Both capillary rise and deep percolation depends on the storage level of the moisture and groundwater storage Groundwater storage This is augmented by deep percolation and depleted by capillary rise and flow When the ground water storage exceeds the threshold value the soil moisture storage is capillary rise and deep percolation will cease to occur while evapotranspiration loss will act directly on the groundwater 4 1 3 The model parameters The water budget model has nine parameters and they are listed in Table 5 The codes used for the parameters in the computer program and their units are also indicated The actual values of the parameters are given with the results printout 16 User s Manual for the Decision Support System c eee CEN Table 5 The model parameters s n Parameter Code name Unit 1 Threshold value of surface storage TVSS Metre 2 Maximum infiltration rate FMAX Metre 3 Infiltration Coefficient HINFEL Per unit time 4 Channel storage constant CHSTK Fraction 5 Threshold value of soil moisture storage TVSM Metre 6 Maximum capillary rate CMAX Fraction 7 Rate of evaporati
23. olume to RESERVOIR LEVEL using reservoir characteristic equation For Tiga Reservoir LEVEL VOLUME ms c Ms 0 4994 c 490 96 for VOLUME x 25 Ms 0 0578 500 23 for 25 lt VOLUME lt 100 Ms 0 0268 c 503 57 for 100 lt VOLUME lt 300 Ms 0 0141 c 507 76 for 300 lt VOLUME lt 800 Ms 0 0083 512 6 for 800 lt VOLUME lt 1500 19 User s Manual for the Decision Support System Ree CEDE Volume in Mm and Level in m For Challawa reservoir LEVEL A VOLUME B VOLUME C VOLUME D where A 0 0069 B 0 225 C 2 6194 D 487 81 for VOLUME x 20 A 5 10 B 9 10 C 0 068 D 501 06 for 20 lt VOLUME lt 10 20 VOLUME in LEVEL in m Use RESERVOIR LEVEL to determine DISCHARGE TO IRRIGATION CANAL or RIVER CHANNEL FOR WATER SUPPLY as appropriate The calculation is also based on Characteristic equation For Tiga Reservoir a Canal DISCH 0 for LEVEL lt 508 4 m DISCH 9 0143 LEVEL 4586 508 4 m lt LEVEL lt 509 6 m DISCH 3 0078 LEVEL 1520 6 509 6 m lt LEVEL lt 513 86 m DISCH 25 LEVEL 513 86 m discharge m s b River Channel DISCH 0 for LEVEL lt 502 0 m DISCH 0 089 LEVEL 41 269 502 0 m lt LEVEL lt 507 0 DISCH 0 0768 LEVEL 34 994 507 0 m lt LEVEL lt 509 0 m DISCH 0 0768 LEVEL 34 994 LEVEL 0 1262 62 234 for LEVEL 509 0 m For Challawa Reservoir DISCH ms LEVEL
24. on from subsurface zone PCUS Fraction 8 Groundwater storage constant GWSC Fraction 9 Threshold value of Groundwater storage TVGW Metre 4 2 The Demand Allocation Model 4 2 1 DAGR EXE This module aggregates the water demand for both major and minor users In order to determine domestic water demand the module estimates the population based on the POPD DAT and the desired rate of increase in population constant linear or exponential The weekly water demand is computed based on average consumption rate of 150 litres per capita per day for city 100 litres per capita per day for urban area and 60 litres per capita per day for rural area The average consumption rate was converted to weekly rate based climatic ratio shown in Figure 8 The water required by a given population P is expressed as the product of the population and rate of consumption Similarly the water required for livestock is expressed as a product of the livestock population and its consumption rate 17 User s Manual for the Decision Support System 1 25 i D 0 75 0 5 9 2 0 25 9 Q 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 week Figure 8 Variation in domestic water demand for KYB Irrigation water requirement Area under irrigation for a particular crop total command area proportion of area for the crop Water required area under irrigation Cwr irrigation efficiency The crop water requirement C was based on e
25. orage in the unit exceeds a threshold value and a simple budget yields the amount of the channel inflow The average monthly evapotranspiration loss was computed by the Baney Morin Nigeria model The Baney Morin Nigeria model accepts daily temperature relative humidity and ratio of maximum possible radiation to the annual maximum radiation as inputs to give the average daily monthly evapotranspiration The average monthly evapotranspiration is given by the model as Eg nr 0 45 8 520 R 100 ss 2 where Eg is the average monthly potential evapotranspiration in mm n is the number of days in the month T is the mean monthly temperature in C R is the average monthly relative humidity 9o and r is the ratio of maximum possible radiation to the annual maximum 15 User s Manual for the Decision Support System GR AQ The rate of infiltration which depends on the type and intensity of rainfall and the present state of soil moisture was evaluated by the following equation given as Reese eect 3 where fiis the potential infiltration rate in mm fo is the maximum infiltration rate mm kis the infiltration coefficient and t is the time unit Channel Storage The channel storage is augmented by channel inflow and depleted by surface runoff The surface runoff is conceived as a linear function of the storage The constant of proportionality depends on the soil type and cover The Soil M
26. starting year monthly rainfall depth Line 5 next year monthly rainfall depth Last line ending year monthly rainfall depth M HADE R TXT Line 1 name of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4 starting year monthly rainfall depth Line 5 next year monthly rainfall depth Last line ending year monthly rainfall depth M BUNG R TXT Line 1 name of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4 starting year monthly rainfall depth Line 5 next year monthly rainfall depth Last line ending year monthly rainfall depth 24 User s Manual for the Decision Support System C cc M KANO R TXT Line 1 name of station Line 2 starting year of record ending year of record Line 3 month code 1 to 12 Line 4 starting year monthly rainfall depth Line 5 next year monthly rainfall depth Last line ending year monthly rainfall depth RE TIGA TXT reservoir characteristics data Example TIGA 523 7 1945 0 1100 0 0 0 190 0 0 21 0 0 190 0 1429 0 0 0889 21 838 0 0 25 0 0 04994 490 96 25 0 100 0 0 0578 500 23 100 0 300 0 0 0268 503 57 300 0 800 0 0 0141 507 76 800 0 1500 0 0 0083 512 6 508 4 509 6 509 6 513 86 513 86 9 0143 4586 3 0078 1520 6 0 0 25 0 502 0 507 0 507 0 509 0 509 0 0 089 41 269 0 0768 34 994 0 0768 34 994 0 1262 62 234 Line 1
27. station name Line 2 maximum reservoir level maximum storage volume average storage volume at the end of year Line 3 and Line 4 Parameters for volume area equation area coef vol constant Thus line 3 and line 4 show lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 5 to Line 9 parameters for volume elevation equation level coef vol constant Thus each line should have the lower limit of volume upper limit coefficient and constant Line 10 parameters for converting reservoir level to canal discharge KRIP discharge coef level const The first 5 values show the lower limit upper limit lower limit upper limit and lower limit of the three segments of the equation then the coefficient and constant of the respective segments Line 11 parameters for converting reservoir level to river discharge KCWS discharge coef level const The first 5 values show the lower limit upper limit lower limit upper limit and lower limit of the three segments of the equation then the coefficient and constant of the respective segments RE CHAL TXT reservoir characteristics data Example CHALLAWA 524 0 948 0 850 0 0 0 100 0 0 22799 0 0 25 User s Manual for the Decision Support System u ee LL CCEE 100 0 948 0 0 09 13 79322 0 0 20 0 0 0069 0 225 2 6194 487 81 20 0 1020 0 0 00000005 0 00009 0 068 501 06 0 0 498 0 498 0 514 0 514 0 12 38 6140 5 2 4998 1214 1893 1 6442 775
28. t tempe txt 10 years required for optional climatic scenario Characteristic data for the reservoir Average weekly ecological release requirement Mm Range of values for catchment parameters in rainfall runoff module Monthly temperature C and relative humidity 96 for the catchment 2 2 3 Summary of Executable files The following executable files must be in the specified directory Table 2 Executable files for the DSS Location File name Comment C dssmodel Clnorm_m exe dagr exe down_dam exe sumfl exe Stratify monthly rainfall records into climatic patterns Aggregate the demand in the basin Route flow from upper Hadejia to Yau in Yobe Summarises surface water and ground water flow C dssmodel tiga Clnorm exe Flow exe Simula exe Stratify monthly rainfall record in the catchment into climatic patterns The fit run for rainfall runoff module Determine catchment parameters Use optimum parameters of the User s Manual for the Decision Support System n Ree Location File name Comment Reservoi exe catchment to simulate flow for desired rainfall pattern Simulate flow and demand through the reservoir for desired climatic pattern C dssmodel challawa Clnorm exe Flow exe Simula exe Reservoi exe Stratify monthly rainfall record in the catchment into c
29. vapotranspiration data crop factor and stage of growth of the particular crop An irrigation efficiency of 5096 was assumed for each irrigation scheme The irrigation canals secondary and tertiary are unlined thus a minimum water level in the canal must be maintained throughout the year to reduce effect of cracking and seepage For supplementary irrigation during rainy season water required was reduced by effective rainfall rainfall less evaporation loss 4 2 2 RESERVOI EXE The routing procedure is summarised below Convert Storage to Area using Reservoir Characteristic equation For Tiga Reservoir AREA VOLUME ms c 18 User s Manual for the Decision Support System O O O CE Ms 0 21 c 0 0 for VOLUME lt 190 Ms 21 838 c 0 0889 for 190 VOLUME x 1429 AREA 148 79 for VOLUME gt 1429 Volume in Mm and Area in km For Challawa Reservoir AREA VOLUME ms c Ms 0 09 c 0 0 for VOLUME x 100 Ms 0 09 c 13 79322 for VOLUME 100 For Bunga Reservoir Use either the equation for Challawa or Tiga MODIFIED INFLOW INFLOW 1 AREA CATCHMENT AREA Determine Reservoir Storage less Demand STORAGE PREVIOUS RESERVOIR STORAGE MODIFIED INFLOW DEMAND DOWNSTREAM RELEASE Convert Storage to AREA using Reservoir Characteristic equation Determine SPILLAGE FINAL RESERVOIR VOLUME STORAGE SPILLAGE EVAPORATION RAIN on reservoir area Convert Final Reservoir V
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