PIPESIZE spreadsheet template for pipe sizing. - easy-to
Contents
1. 0 164 0 024 The minimum and maximum temperatures are used only for determining if a Warning message should be displayed The worksheet also includes values for emissivity for Aluminum jacketing gray dull 10 to 40 various insulation coverings The values in the Range Aluminum jacketing oxidized 10 to 60 column are recommended guidance numbers The Aluminum jacketing polished__ 03 to 10 a e f Aluminum paint new 20 to 30 emissivity used in the radiative heat transfer calculation Aluminum paint weathered 40 to 70 is in the right hand column If you add additional Asbestos fabric white i i A i Asphalt mastic 90 to 95 materials to this table do it by inserting a row entering Galvanized steel jacketing dull 20 to 60 your data and then sorting the list alphabetically The Galvanized steel jacketing new black R m z jj Pain 90 to 95 table is a named range Insulation_Cover_Emittance i EE The easiest way to add data while preserving the range s 65 to 80 t Plastic black gt gt Plastic white gt gt Siyrotoam gt gt Paint black __ Paint gray 80 to 90 name is by inserting a row into the middle of the table Paint white 99 t0 10 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 25 0 5 18 0 95 0 5 0 1 0 95 0 85 O75 95 84 0 75 0 75 0 4 0 85 0 25 oo O N 23 a ld PIPESIZE So Om Properties Worksheet Find and add physical property data on2. Z Heat Capacity Slope Slope m The straight line regressions for specific gravity thermal conductivity and heat capacity are rough approximations for the actual values There are more accurate correlations However for the purposes of the PIPESIZE spreadsheet these approximations are better than needed to obtain good results for pressure drop and heat transfer 26 PIPESIZE Com 4 518763 1304 2300 2000122000 O O ECO CTO A E E O EC E E E 00008083 e eee AL m a a a a a 40 41 42 43 4 45 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 55 56 ST 58 9 60 61 62 63 bs 65 66 67 65 69 10 7 7 73 T 75 76 7 78 79 60 ot 82 83 u 85 86 87 us 89 w 9 93 ot 95 EJ 7 E EJ a gt z Figure 7 Physical Properties Data Table in the lower right quadrant of the Properties worksheet 27 mara PIPESIZE COM Entering New Fluids into the Properties Table see Figure 8 This is a handy tool for determining the regression coefficients for each of the temperature dependant physical properties The input section within the black boxes has three parts units of measure liquid properties and gaseous properties After entering data the program converts it to the US Units used in the Physical Properties Data Table and fits the data to straight lines or in the case of viscosity to Equation 4 or Equation 5 The viscosity equations a
3. kPa 250 m F m water A Velocity m s 17 l s Heat loss bare pipe W m Approx downstream temperature C A Next Larger Size DN Equiv Length meters Pressure Drop kPa 250 m m water Velocity m s Heat loss bare pipe W m Approx downstream temperature C 12 Datasheet sc PIPESIZE so e com The datasheet organizes your pipe information on a form that has the same look as datasheets used throughout the chemengsoftware family REV 0 1 2 CON OD C1 BR OO Poy chemen PIPELINE SIZING CALCULATION CLIENT LINE NO software ae re PREPARED BY DATE APPROVAL W O REQUISITION NO SPECIFICATION NO 18103 INSTALLED BY S Hall 03 Apr 2013 10314 el Po WT AREA PROCURED BY Ses eae Process Utilities Fluid Service Combustible Oil Pipe Specification A 150 Ib Carbon Steel Surface Roughness millimeters 0 04572 Insulation Fiberglass Ambient Temperature deg C 30 Process Data Fluid Pumped Therminol XP liquid Design Flow Rate liters second 20 Maximum Flow Rate liters second 50 Flowing Temperature deg 270 Nominal Pressure kPa absolute 700 Specific Gravity 0 71107 Pascal seconds 0 00046 Basis for Sizing Specified Diameter 100 DN C fnm OD Wall 1D Reynolds Friction Pressure Drop 100 equiv m Velocity Sze Sched rm mm mm Number Factor kPa mw ater m lg msec f e 40_ 88 900 5 486 77 9
4. the program calculates the no wind convection case and compares it to the forced convection result choosing the higher of the two answers From this result the overall heat transfer coefficient is calculated which is used to compute the surface temperature of the pipe or insulation Then radiation losses are calculated added to the overall coefficient and a revised surface temperature calculated This becomes the assumed value of the surface temperature and the entire set of calculations is repeated until the calculated surface temperature equals the assumed value Note that the reference area for the outside heat transfer coefficient and the overall heat transfer coefficient is the outside of the pipe or insulation The results are presented in a set of tables on the Calcs worksheet beginning at Cell N100 The three lines in each table represent the three pipe sizes shown elsewhere in PIPESIZE 21 PIPESIZE o o PEA Heat Loss W m Insulation Thickness in Inside Coef Insulation Thickness mm Surface Temperature C 264 41 37 35 33 262 42 38 36 34 256 43 39 36 34 Approximate Downstream Temperature C 269 1 269 3 269 4 269 6 268 9 269 2 269 3 269 5 268 5 268 9 269 1 269 3 6 248 0 241 5 Outside Heat Transfer Coefficient W m2 C includes radiation 46 30 29 29 28 43 30 29 28 27 39 28 28 27 26 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
5. XP Therminol XP Therminol XP Fherminol XP 23 Physical State liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid 24 Adiabatic or Isothermal isothermal 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 R Gas constant N m kmol K 8 314 3 8 314 3 8 314 3 felbf lb mol R 1 545 4 1 545 4 1 545 4 26 gc gc conversion factor m s2 1 1 1 fls2 32 17 32 17 32 17 27 28 Liquid properties 29 Flow rate volumetric Us 20 00 20 00 20 00 gpm 317 06 317 06 317 06 30 mu Viscosity mPa s 0 4593 0 4593 0 4593 cP 0 4593 0 4593 0 4593 31 1o ft h 1 1110 1 1110 1 1110 32 Specific Gravity 0 711 0 711 0 711 0 711 0 711 0 711 33 ro Density kg m3 711 06731 711 06731 711 06731 10 13 44 3706 44 3706 44 3706 34 W Flow rate mass kg h 51 197 51 197 51 197 Ibh 112 680 112 680 112 680 35 36 37 Gas properties 38 W Flow rate kg h NA NA NA lbn NA NA NA 39 mu Viscosity mPa s 0 4592914 0 4592914 0 4592914 cP 0 4593 0 4593 0 4593 40 lbn 1 1110 1 1110 1 1110 41 Mw Molecular weight kg kg mol 18 016 18 016 18 016 1b Ib mol 18 016 18 016 18 016 42 Tin Temperature c 270 00 270 00 270 00 F 518 00 518 00 518 00 43 p Pressure kPa abs 700 00 700 00 700 00 psia 101 52 101 52 101 52 44 gamma CpiCv 14 14 14 14 14 14 45 Gas density kg m3 2 7920 2 7920 2 7920 10 13 0 1743 0 1743 0 1743 46 47 L Pipe Equivalent Length m 250 250 250 f 820 820 820 48 Target Pressure Drop kPa 68 95 68 95 68 95 psi 10 00 10 00 10 00 Figure 3 Rows 14 to 48 on the Calcs worksheet contain user inputs and program lookup values There is one slightly hidden inpu
6. of the worksheet beginning at Row 107 and contain no user defined values The top portion of the Calcs worksheet contains user inputs and program lookup values Columns D F are in SI units I K are in English U S units Whichever set of units is selected radio buttons on the Data Input worksheet are copied to columns N P which is highlighted in yellow Although properties for both liquid and gas are shown PIPESIZE uses the data set associated with liquid or gas as selected on the Data Input sheet the other set of properties is ignored and may contain erroneous data B c D E F G H 1 J K bs M N o P Piping Pressure Drop Template For Liquids or Gases Version 3 10 by Stephen M Hall PE 2 3 4 E 5 CAEN Copyright 1999 2000 2004 2011 2013 E software 8 This worksheet collects the data into standard forms for use by the calculations 11 INPUTS and LOOKUP VALUES 13 Value Value 14 Symbol Parameter SI Units Smaller Target Larger US Units Smaller Target Larger 15 Nominal pipe size DN 80 100 150 in 3 000 4 000 6 000 16 Outside diameter mm 88 90 114 30 168 28 in 3 500 4 500 6 625 17 Wall thickness mm 5 49 6 02 7 11 in 0 216 0 237 0 280 18 d Inside diameter mm 77 93 102 26 154 05 in 3 068 4 026 6 065 19 Cross sectional area m2 0 004769 0 008213 0 018639 a 0 051338 0 088405 0 200627 20 epsilon Roughness m 4572E 05 4572E 05 4 572E 05 ft 0 00015 0 00015 0 00015 21 22 Fluid name Therminol XP Fherminol XP herminol
7. the Data Input worksheet then change the pipe length all fittings set to 0 until the calculated pressure drop equals the pressure drop reported by the equipment manufacturer If your pressure drop data is for water at 60 F which is the case for valves the flow coefficient is the flow rate of water at 60 F in gpm that results in a pressure drop of 1 psi then use the calculator on the Equivalent Length worksheet to determine the equivalent length This calculator utilizes a Function subroutine called EqLUSa which has four arguments Function EqLUSa W Pdrop d epsilon where W flow rate Ib h gpm x 500 Pdrop known pressure drop reported by equipment manufacturer psi d inside pipe diameter of the pipe segment that the equipment is installed in inch epsilon roughness of pipe that equipment is installed in ft 32 sc PIPESIZE So chemeng EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE ftware con PT pen Sample HTF 151 0136 0 1 2 COFN D aja co Poy REV PREPARED BY DATE APPROVAL REQUISITION NO SPECIFICATION NO 10314 S Hal 02 Apr 2013 18103 PoC CIT AREA PROCUREDBY INSTALLED BY A Process Utilities Fluid Service Combustible Oil Pipe Specification A 150 Ib Carbon Steel Fittings Qy EuvM Qy EqwM Qy Equiv M 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 180 deg Bend Globe Valve Gate Valve Ball Valve red port Butterfly Valve Plug Valve Angle Valve Sw ing Check Valve Bell Mouth Inlet
8. the Properties worksheet Most of the data are correlated to temperature so the properties table contains equation coefficients for liquids and gases You can new compounds to the list and if you have properties at three temperatures the spreadsheet determines the coefficients for you The Properties sheet has three parts 1 Upper left quadrant gives brief instructions and shows the results for the current fluid from the Data Input worksheet 2 Lower right quadrant tabulates the fluids and their coefficients 3 Upper right quadrant is used for entering new fluids into the list Property Results see Figure 6 The current fluid or Compound Name as entered on the Data Input worksheet is displayed in Cell C29 PIPESIZE looks up the fluid in the Properties Table and reports the result in Cell C30 If the there is an exact match the properties from the table are used in the calculations Otherwise the Entry Required prompts appear on the Data Input sheet and the properties returned from this worksheet are ignored The values listed in Column D Rows 28 to 38 are the coefficients pulled from the data table They are used to calculate viscosity specific gravity thermal conductivity and heat capacity in C33 C34 C37 and C38 Notice that these values are all in American units conversion to SI is performed on the Calculations worksheet Also notice that temperature is in Celsius for each of the correlations except for viscosity w
9. to U S Units if necessary Variable Source Location in the Typical Values Spreadsheet Reynolds number Calculated Calcs Row 59 Laminar Transitional or Turbulent region depending on fluid properties and flow rate Fluid Density Properties Calcs D89 1000 kg m liquids Data Table or Cell named RoSI 10 kg m gas User Input Dynamic Properties Calcs D90 0 001 Pa s liquids Viscosity Data Table or Cell named 0 0002 m s gas User Input DynamicVisc Thermal Properties Calcs D91 0 06 to 0 6 W m K liquids Conductivity Data Table or Cell named ksi 0 03 W m K gas User Input Heat Capacity Properties Calcs D92 4 kJ kg K liquids Data Table or Cell named CpSI 1 kJ kg K gas User Input Pipe Inside Pipes Data Calcs D18 F18 5 to 760 mm Diameter Table Pipe Outside Pipes Data Calcs D16 F16 5 to 760 mm Diameter Table Pipe Length Calculated Calcs D47 F47 Any length m conservative assumption uses equivalent length not actual pipe length Fluid Velocity Calculated Calcs D61 F61 0 5to 5 m s Temperature User Input Calcs D88 15 C to 500 C inside pipe Cell named flowing_temperaturesl 5 Cao Eduardo Heat Transfer in Process Engineering McGraw Hill 2010 Haslego Chris Making Decisions with Insulation http www cheresources com content articles heat transfer making decisions with insulation 2010 18 o le PR PIPESIZ
10. 0 500 170 0 000005 4 50 8 0 89 9 0 79 0 3 Figure 2 Pipe Specifications on the Pipes worksheet o lr PIPESIZE So Y Om Spec Code may be any alphanumeric string It is usually a designation used on P amp IDs and other documents that references a complete pipe specification The Spec Codes must be sorted alphabetically Rows may be inserted into the table if more codes are needed Description is plain language to describe the pipe specification It is used on the printed data sheet Temperature limits are entered in degrees Fahrenheit These are the minimum and maximum temperatures allowed for the pipe class often determined by components in your piping system such as gaskets and valves If the fluid temperature is outside the range defined by these limits a warning message is printed on the data sheet Pressure limit is the maximum gage pressure permitted psig for the pipe code The only thing that temperature and pressure limits affects within PIPESIZE is a Warning in the event that the limits are violated Pipe Roughness is entered in units of feet See the Roughness worksheet for a list of recommendations Roughness for new pipe is often listed in handbooks but consider whether it s more appropriate to use a value for used pipe one that is more representative of how your system will operate after a couple of years of operation Cost Factors are entered for a initial capital cost of 1 foot of 1 inch pipe installed b a ratio rel
11. 1 943 47 1 943 47 70 Velocity at discharge mis 4 19 2 44 1 07 is 13 74 7 98 3 52 71 72 For L equivalent length 73 Pressure Drop kPalL 366 72 91 25 11 50 psi L 53 04 13 20 1 66 74 Pressure Drop m water L 37 46 9 32 1 17 ftwater L 122 51 30 49 3 84 75 Discharge Pressure kPa abs 333 28 608 75 688 50 psia 48 49 88 33 99 86 76 Discharge Temperature C 270 0 270 0 270 0 E 518 518 518 77 Discharge Density kg m3 711 711 mu 103 44 4 444 444 78 Critical sonic Velocity m s 592 592 592 fis 1 943 1 943 1 943 79 Velocity at discharge mis 4 19 2 44 1 07 fs 13 74 7 98 3 52 80 81 Critical Pressure kPa absolute 369 80 369 80 369 80 psia 53 63 53 63 53 63 82 Critical Pressure Drop kPa 330 20 330 20 330 20 psi 47 89 47 89 47 89 83 9 Drop at Critical 0 47 0 47 0 47 0 47 0 47 0 47 84 Flow at specified pressur kg h 22 200 44 504 125 379 Ibh 48 929 98 087 276 328 85 Us 87 17 4 49 0 gpm 138 27 780 Figure 4 Rows 59 to 85 on the Calcs worksheet give calculation results for pressure drop due to friction The pressure drop for a standard length 100 m for SI and 100 ft for English units and also for the equivalent length derived from user inputs on the Data Input worksheet are calculated next The actual pressure drop calculation is done by a VBA function subroutine using the following formulas Incompressible flow liquids ipa f LU p 22 D Compressible flow isothermal gases RTZG fL P 7 CNP igh AP PM g 2D P Compressible flo
12. 2 5 06E 05 0 0183 146 69 1498 2107 419 100 40 11430 6 020 1022 3 86E 05 0 0177 36 50 373 524 244 gt C o o 168 27 7 772 764 0 256605 00173 460 047 0o66 107 Physical Layout Straight Feet of Pipe measured through centerline of fittings 250 meters lt D Q o a lt Heat Loss Nma O O O Fiberglass Insulation Thickness se units Bae amm 25mm 38mm 51mm 76mm eo Was 2997 gt 148 110 90 mo was 3566 181 188 108 82 o Watts 4685 ie 181 1 107 Approximate surface temperature C Summary of Results on Estat Pressure Drop Feat Loss Gann Wats Size _ m _ hPa frwatefimig Bare J 13mm 25mm 38mm Simm 76mm eo 250 866 72 37 46 527 749 172 nla 37046 27521 22546 17 353 150 250 11501117 17 1 156 152 wa 62856 45 204 36 180 26 771 13 a ld PIPESIZE So COm Errors and Warnings If you see VALUE everywhere it means that Macros are not enabled The procedure for enabling macros depends on your version of Excel and your security settings If you are solving for gaseous flow and the results indicate critical it means that the flow rate and conditions result in a flow that exceeds critical velocity Increase the pipe size decrease the flow rate or decrease the gas density increase pressure decrease temperature Additional warnings are printed at the bottom of the Datasheet The
13. E Variable Source Location in the Typical Values Spreadsheet Temperature User Input Calcs J132 15 C to 40 C environment Cell named ambientsl Wind Velocity User Input Calcs D96 Oto5 m s Cell named Wind_Velocity Emissivity of Pipe Pipes Data Calcs D98 0 05 to 0 9 or Insulation Table Cell named Emissivity_Bare Thermal Pipes Data Calcs D99 0 1 to 400 W m K Conductivity of Table Cell named _kp Pipe Thermal Insulation Calcs D95 0 02 to 0 06 W m K Conductivity of Data Table Cell named Insulation insulation_conductivity Insulation User Input Calcs N101 S101 Oto 4 in Thickness Heat gain loss calculations are inexact for several reasons the film coefficient correlations are empirically based air movement around the pipe is uneven radiation losses depend on the surroundings conductive heat transfer through pipe supports and structure are not included and the effect of fittings flanges and valves are ignored However the calculation in PIPESIZE does a good job of estimating the heat flux surface temperature and downstream fluid temperature given ideal conditions Assumptions e The properties of the flowing fluid are constant through the pipeline the inside heat transfer coefficient is constant e Constant ambient temperature and environmental conditions the program has no way to distinguish if the pipeline is partially outdoors and partially indoors for example e The env
14. PIPESIZE SO COm Line List Worksheet The Line List is a flexible repository for your calculations Each column that corresponds to a workbook variable is named In the example below Cell C9 is selected Notice that the cell is named LineList_Spec Each column is similarly named this is how the VBA Macro finds its way around the sheet You may rearrange the columns as long as the column s named cells are retained You may also insert blank rows to group lines into plant areas for example and add other explanatory information and notes When the Save Current Calc to Line List is selected a new line of data is added immediately below the last line If there are notes or other information below your line list the Macro is somewhat intelligent it finds the last piece of data in the Pressure Out column and puts the new line there LineList_Spec vi f A B O E F Save Current Calc to Line List Units Engish s Line List with Calculations 10M WM a 8 ID Service Spec Nominal Size Inside Diam From ID 93 I l in in 10 D1 2 1 870 11 D1 3 2 834 12 13 14 15 16 Figure 9 Line List worksheet To restore a line to the calculation page Data Input you select any cell in the Row with the line you want to restore Click Restore Selected Line to Calc Sheet The following things will happen e Macro checks to be sure a valid row is selected e The Fluid name is transfer
15. PIPESIZE spreadsheet template for pipe sizing Copyright 2013 by Stephen Hall PE PIPESIZE is an Excel spreadsheet template It sizes pipes for liquid or gas flow PIPESIZE is extensively tested created the first version in 1989 and have continually enhanced it since The 2013 version 3 10 adds a much improved calculation algorithm for heat loss gain estimates and a new Line List feature The template consists of several worksheets Most of your data input is on the Data Input worksheet the others are used for assembling reports and supporting data Cells requiring User Input are displayed with RED text other cells are in BLACK A B gt D F G H 1 J K L M N o P a R s ig 1 Piping Pressure Drop Template For Liquids or Gases 2 Version 3 10 3 4 by Stephen M Hall PE 5 Chemeng Copyright 1999 2000 2004 2011 2013 software 8 All cells are locked except user defined data unlock sheet from Tools menu no password required 9 VIEW COMMENTS to see some additional explanations 10 1 12 13 14 Line HTF 151 0136 15 Serce Combustible Oil 16 Matenal 150 lb Carbon Steel 17 18 Ford Name Therminol XP 19 Line Number Actual Flow ers second 20 Maximum Flow iters second 2 Serce Combustible Oil Temperature deg C 2 Pipe Material Specification a E Specific Gravity EX Absolute Viscosity Pascalseconds 2 Insulabion Pbergass x Roughness rrellirmeters Cac
16. Square Mouth Inlet Re Entrant Pipe 000000000000000o 00000000000000o0oo 00000000000 00000 Straight Pipe A Total Equiv Meiers Equivalent lengths are calculated using a table of values If the fitting size combination does not appear in the table the K Value method is used K Value data are from the Hydraulic Institute Pipe Friction Manual regressed 33 o com pel PIPESIZE So Com Velocities Worksheet This worksheet tabulates recommended velocities for various services The information contained on this sheet was compiled from several sources and is intended to be a simple starting point not a definitive declaration END OF DOCUMENT 34
17. W m2 C includes radiation ae aa to the outside surface area 0 9 0 93 1 0 0 6 0 66 0 7 Figure 5 Heat Loss Gain Results Therminol XP at 350 C 50 DN pipe 10 C environment no wind 22 pan PIPESIZE software Insulation Worksheet Data for insulation are tabulated and the thermal conductivity at the average of the fluid temperature and ambient temperature is calculated This result is used in the heat loss gain calculations Regression coefficients for thermal conductivity are in U S units of Btu in h ft F The formula is k m pT sT 1T uT Where the coefficients are in the table and T is the average temperature F Note that the use of all coefficients is optional for a fixed thermal conductivity simply enter it in the m coefficient and leave the others blank Calcium Silicate 1 58E 04 3 92E 07 9 40E 11 0 00E 00 Cellular glass 5 14E 04 4 36E 07 2 27E 10 2 76E 13 gt 0 332 Elastometric ha 0 048 foam 0 5 40 0 290 0 042 Fiberglass 1 0 195 4 25E 04 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 42 0 228 0 033 Mineral Wool 1 0 228 3 72E 04 6 00E 07 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1200 42 0 261f 0 038 0 388 4 73E 04 3 06E 07 8 00E 11 0 00E 00 1000 250 0 427 0 062 Perlite expanded Phenolic foam 0 116667 6 67E 04 300 75 0 1690 0 024 Polyurethane Polyisocyanurate foams 1 0 174 1 55E 04 3 39E 07 8 38E 09 1 82E 11 250 200
18. and output are shown in English i e customary US or SI units Prepared by S Hall Date 02 Apr 2013 LJ English fs Line Number HTF 151 0136 General Pipeline Data refers to the piping system and materials Service is a descriptive tag for the purpose of the pipeline Any text is accepted The pulldown box contains A in the screen shot below shows all of the pipe codes contained in the PIPES worksheet The description of the selected code appears to the right Similarly the Insulation pulldown box permits you to select the insulation material for the pipe or None Heat loss calculations require input of wind velocity and ambient temperature which are entered next Service Combustible Oil Pipe Material Specification A B Insulation Fiberglass Ra Insulation Covering Plastic white Ka Wind Velocity m s Ambient Temp deg C PIPESIZE Process Data is entered next Use the radio buttons to specify if you are e PR sizing a line for gas flow or liquid The units displayed next to each other entry will change depending on whether English or SI units are selected and whether the fluid is Liquid or Gas Therminol XP 18 016 20 00 50 00 270 00 700 00 0 544 0 000144 0 089 Fluid Name Molecular Weight Actual Flow Maximum Flow Flowing Temperature Upstream Pressure Specific Gravity Absolute Viscosity Pascal seconds Thermal Conductivity W m K liters second liters second deg C
19. ating the cost of fittings and valves to the cost of pipe and c an exponent used to convert to other sizes This is in accordance with the Peters and Timmerhaus method We suggest you use values like the ones given until you gain experience with the OPTSIZE worksheet results Size Table is a pointer to one of the many pipe dimension tables appearing below Each dimension table contains five columns of data which in turn can be formulas to look up wall thicknesses for a given schedule etc Use the Pipe Specification Lookup Tables at Row 44 to control the minimum and maximum allowed diameters in your pipe specifications Also use them to eliminate unwanted sizes such as 1 1 4 or 5 Study the tables given with PIPESIZE and either edit an existing one or create new tables in columns to the right of the existing ones Black values are formulas or constants Size Table A a Column name is user defined Red values are variables 0 25 40S 0 540 0 0880 0 364 0 75 40 1 050 0 1750 0 700 1 00 16 1 000 0 375 40S 0 675 0 0910 0 493 1 00 40 1 315 0 2630 0 789 1 50 16 1 500 0 50 40S 0 840 0 1090 0 622 1 50 40 1 900 0 2950 1 310 2 00 16 2 000 0 75 40S 1 050 0 1130 0 824 2 00 40 2 375 0 3140 1 747 2 50 16 2 500 The Pipe Specification Lookup Tables can reference any of the several dimension tables found in the PIPES worksheet Study the Pipe Table formulas to see how this is done Here s an example dimension table used to lookup the dimensions of copper pip
20. compatible e Excel must be configured to allow macros to run This can be done through Security settings or by enabling macros each time PIPESIZE is opened a la PIPESIZE So Y CcOm Initial Setup and Orientation When you first open PIPESIZE you should see the Data Input screen If not select the leftmost tab at the bottom of the Excel window We recommend that you start by exploring a bit Entries that appear in RED are valid cells for data entry The BLACK cells contain results from intermediate or final calculations Generally only the RED cells are unlocked You quickly navigate among them by using the TAB key Although the worksheets are Protected this is only done to help avoid inadvertent changes to cells that contain formulas There are no passwords and the entire workbook is Open Source PIPESIZE is shipped configured for printing on US letter size paper If you use A4 paper please go to each sheet in turn Go to Page Setup Then change paper to A4 and left right margins to 1 5 cm The pages should then print properly Number and date formats vary around the world While numeric values are formatted according to global settings in Excel PIPESIZE also makes use of text formulas that are formatted according to a string within the formula This string is unaffected by Excel s global formatting preferences having a syntax such as TEXT numeric value 0 00 To get around this problem a table of formats is provided on th
21. deg C 270 13 Nominal Pressure kPa absolute 700 14 Specific Gravity 0 71107 15 Viscosity Pascal seconds 0 00046 16 17 Economic Data 18 Purchase cost of new pipe 1 inch diameter ft 1 75 19 Ratio of costs for fittings amp installation to purch cost of pipe 5 20 Factor relating pipe cost to diameter exponential 1 30 21 Frictional loss due to fittings and bends of straight pipe 35 22 Operation hours yr 8 000 23 Cost of electricity kw hr 0 15 24 Efficiency of motor and pump 60 25 Annual fixed charges for maintenance of pipe cost 20 26 27 Basis for Sizing Specified Diameter 100 DN 28 Optimum diameter calculated using Peters amp Timmerhaus formula 4 21 29 Closest pipe size from specified material class 4 30 31 Smaller Selected Next Larger 32 Size Size Size 33 Actual Size inch nominal size e 34 inch actual inside diame 6 0651 35 Velocity feet second 3 52 36 Reynolds No 255 495 37 Friction Factor 0 0173 38 Pressure Drop psi 100 equiv ft 0 203 39 40 Calculated Costs per year per foot of installed piping 41 7 42 Pumping Cost pow er 0 95 43 Initial Piping capital expenditure 10784 44 Annual Piping maintenance 21 57 45 Total 22 52 47 48 49 50 Reference Peters amp Timmerhaus 51 Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers 52 53 31 Software con a ld PIPESIZE So Om Equivalent Length Worksheet This worksheet shows how t
22. dule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Flow Area Selected Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Flow Area Next Larger Pipe Size Schedule Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Flow Area Flow Reynolds Friction DeltaP 100 equiv m Velocity kg h Number Factor kPa mwater ms 1467 714 2271 219 524 890 2 90 88 10 48 Flow Reynolds Friction DeltaP 100 equiv m Velocity __27992 963 822 0 0169 2184 2228 6 09 Flow Reynolds Friction DeltaP 100 equiv m Nuber Face vs 0 0210 03 004 0 27 00162 218222 241 00161 26 7 2 73 2 68 30 PIPESIZE OPTLIQ Worksheet When the Economic pipe sizing criteria is selected on the Data Input worksheet the result is calculated on this OPTLIQ sheet chemeng software gt ene Sample HTF 151 0136 REV PREPARED BY SPECIFICATION NO 0 S Hal 02 Apr 2013 10314 18103 2 Process Utilities 1 General 2 Fluid Service Combustible Oil 3 Pipe Specification A 150 Ib Carbon Steel 4 Surface Roughness millimeters 0 04572 5 Insulation Fiberglass 6 Ambient Temperature deg 30 7 8 Process Data 9 Fluid Pumped Therminol XP liquid 10 Design Flow Rate liters second 20 11 Maximum Flow Rate liters second 50 12 Flowing Temperature
23. e PIPESIZE o le RA Pipe Size Lookup Table Copper and Red Brass Pipe Emissivity is the radiation constant for a bare pipe Suggested values are given in a table beginning at Row 138 on the Pipes worksheet emissivity must be between 0 and 1 Conductivity is the thermal conductivity of the pipe material W m K The heat loss gain calculation does not include a provision for lined pipe so use an estimate for combined conductivity which should be greater than the material usually the lining with the smaller value For example the conductivity of polypropylene is 0 2 W m K For polypropylene lined pipe where the thickness of the lining is greater than the thickness of the steel use a value of 0 3 or 0 4 as an estimate for the combined lined pipe system a la PIPESIZE So Y COm Data Entry Worksheet The data entry worksheet consists of several parts discussed in turn below Remember that RED cells are unlocked and available for entry If you need to change the value of a locked cell unprotect the worksheet from the Tools menu There is no password Use the TAB key to quickly navigate from one entry field to the next Project Data appears on the headers of each of the standard reports Notice that the Date field is automatically filled with today s date This can be changed by unprotecting the worksheet as mentioned above The formula in the date field is TEXT TODAY dd mmm yyyy The Units radio buttons control whether input
24. e Pipes worksheet at Row 166 If you use anything other than dd mmm yyyy for dates or 0 0 for numbers edit the formats in the table The next thing to do is review the Pipes worksheet If your company or workgroup has standard pipe specifications you may want to edit the Pipes sheet to accurately portray your specs If you don t have specifications consider creating codes for commonly used types such as CS for carbon steel and SS stainless steel The pipe specification codes are entered in the table at the top of the Pipes worksheet Codes must be entered in alphabetical order you can insert new rows if you like Then follow the column headings to enter temperature and pressure limits roughness value cost data and related dimensional table number Although the entries in this table are in customary US units the PIPESIZE reports use either US or Sl units for reporting in accordance with your selection Each column entry is explained below 150 lb Carbon Steel 10 150 0 00015 1 75 5 2 A3 125 lb Carbon Steel 10 450 125 0 00015 1 75 5 1 3 2 0 79 54 B 300 Ib Carbon Steel 20 750 300 0 00015 1 75 5 1 3 2 0 79 54 Cc 316L SS Pipe 100 500 145 0 0001 4 50 8 0 89 8 0 85 16 2 CU Copper Pipe 100 250 110 0 000005 4 50 8 0 89 6 0 78 401 D1 316L SS Sanitary Tubir 100 450 150 0 000001 4 50 8 0 89 15 0 1 16 2 D2 316L SS Zephyrweld Tt 100 450 150 0 000005 4 50 8 0 89 14 0 1 16 2 F1 Teflon Lined Pipe 2
25. e 1 Most data input is done on the Data Input worksheet UINS PS 02 April 2013 1 a ld PIPESIZE So COm Table of Contents QUICK Matinal tit nan eee 3 System Requirements sucicces25 seats diia diacciac ida caladas ted Sana ea e nd e ied tensdachadeaata thea dehtaaaa ddatdenasdagavasdecds 4 Initial Setup and Orientation sc iii AAA aaa 5 Data Entry Wonrksheet scada drena portion sedate teced seg sgagte inatanstvaigcsicatqvansneasacts iaaiiai sataan 8 Quick Results ita aia 12 Datasheet litio aios 13 Errorsand WINNER A AA Ab 14 Pressure Drop Cal CUlati ONS circos a cis sa aaaeaii dieeti ei iiaiai Ei 15 Heat Loss Gain Calculations cccccccccccccessccccecccccsssessccceceecsesscencececccecsessececsescecseneaececeeecesecceaeceeeseesensaaees 18 InsUlation W OFKSNO et cional dolce alar aa 23 Properties Works hee tirita 24 line List Worksheet ricas iaa ile 29 MIQELOW Worksheet risici iaitu oranana diaria 30 OPT EIQ Worksh etico ninia tias 31 Equivalent Length Worksheet iii ac A aa 32 Velocities Worksheet iirinn naian g iaaea ar a rito aaa aaa Ar AROGE pade 34 a ld PIPESIZE So Om Quick Start Perform your first pressure drop calculation by following these steps 1 10 Ensure that Macros are enabled Navigate to the Data Input worksheet Cell C17 Choose preferred system of units English or SI radio buttons Cell G32 Choose Liquid or Gas radio buttons Cell F31 Enter name of the fluid or choose one from the pulldow
26. ection to Add new Compounds or to supplement or change data for existing Compound 3 4 Units that the original data are in 5 G Temperature O degrees F O degrees C 8 Density O bju ft kg cu m Resource http webbook nist gov chemistry 9 m Specific Heat O Btu bF cal g C OKikgk 12 Thermal Conductivity Btu ft hr F O mk 13 14 Viscosity SP O centi Stokes mm2 s 15 16 Fluid Name Ethyl Alcohol lt Already in the database 7 Liquid Properties Values converted to consistent units for the pipesize_properties table 18 Liquid Thermal Thermal Intermediate 19 Temp Density Sp Heat Conduct Viscosity Temperature Specific Sp Heat Conduct Visc Calcs 20 C kg cu m Btu lb F_ WIm K cP degC deg K Gravity Btulb F_ Btu fi hr F cP 21 16 79283 16 289 15 0 79283 0 0 0 22 Add compound or update data 20 789 45 20 293 15 0 78945 0 0 0 RDIVIO 23 25 785 22 25 298 15 0 78522 0 0 0 24 Gaseous Properties 25 Molecular Weight 26 Cp Cv 27 Thermal Thermal Intermediate 28 Temp Sp Heat Conduct Viscosity Temperature Sp Heat Conduct Visc Calcs 29 Cc Btullb F Wim K cP degC degK Btu lb F Btu ft hr F cP 30 0 273 15 0 0 0 74610 9225 31 0 273 15 0 0 0 74610 9225 32 0 273 15 0 0 0 74610 9225 33 34 Compound Viscosity Eq b m e Liq SG SG slope MW b E d Cp Cv Lig k Lig k slope Lig 35 Ethyl Alcohol 4 0 80636 0 0008456 0 0 0 0 Figure 8 Enter New Fluids or Data in the upper right quadrant of the Properties worksheet 28 ome
27. ed for which the reference area is the inside of the pipe See Cao as previously referenced Outside Heat Transfer Coefficient and Additional Results Function h_outsideSl Calc T1 T4 d_o d_i Wind E h_inside kp Optional ki Optional kt Outside heat transfer coefficient SI units h_outsideSl outside heat transfer coefficient W m2 C Calc return flag 0 ho 1 Q 2 T3 3 U T1 temperature inside the pipe C T4 temperature of the environment C d_o outside diameter of bare pipe mm d_i inside diameter of pipe mm Wind wind velocity m s E emissivity of pipe or insulation covering dimensionless h_ inside inside heat transfer coefficient W m2 C kp thermal conductivity of pipe W m K ki thermal conductivity of insulation W m K kt insulation thickness mm 20 ome PIPESIZE So Om This subroutine calculates the outside heat transfer coefficient This is an iterative calculation that also determines the heat flux W m surface temperature C and overall heat transfer coefficient W m K The function returns any one of those values in accordance with the first parameter in the Function call Calc The calculation makes an assumption for surface temperature and uses that to calculate a Reynolds number for the forced convection case wind present and from that the Nusselt number and outside heat transfer coefficient If the wind is less than 0 5 m s
28. en click on the Print Reports button LJ Results Summary LJ LIQFLOW Print Reports Y Datasheet Style LJ EquivLength LJ instructions LJ OPTLIQ 11 a PIPESIZE So e com Quick Results Results are displayed on the Data Input worksheet These can be printed but the intent is to give immediate feedback so changes to the inputs can be made before finalizing the calculation and printing a datasheet Results for three different pipes sizes are shown the selected or recommended size is in the middle flanked by the next smaller and next larger sizes Use the area on the right to find out the flow rate that would result in a desired pressure drop through the line All pressure drops in PIPESIZE are frictional pressure drop elevation changes are not accounted for Line HTF 151 0136 Serice Combustible Oil Material 150 Ib Carbon Steel Fluid Name Actual Flow liters second Maximum Flow liters second Temperature deg C 270 00 Specific Gravity Dynamic Viscosity Pascal seconds Roughness millimeters 0 04572 Calculate flow rate based on pressure Upstream Pressure kPa abs 700 00 Desired 69 kPa Therminol XP Next Smaller Size DN Equiv Length meters Pressure Drop kPa 250 m 366 7 m water 37 5 Velocity m s 4 2 9 l s Heat loss bare pipe W m E Approx downstream temperature C Selected Size DN Equiv Length meters Pressure Drop
29. he equivalent length is calculated For most fittings and sizes the equivalent length is obtained from a table of values using U S units at Cell Q91 in the worksheet To edit the values first Unprotect the sheet If the table lacks the value then the K method is used to estimate the equivalent length If you don t know the number of fittings then a good rule of thumb is to add 35 to 40 to the physical length of pipe to account for the fittings In this case first estimate the total length of pipe Multiply by 1 35 or 1 4 Enter the value on the Data Input worksheet Cell G47 named Pipe_Length Put a value of O for all fittings The results are tabulated in the data sheet on this worksheet Valves The worksheet has instructions and an example for calculating the equivalent length of a valve for which only the flow coefficient Cv is known You can either edit the table of values with the equivalent length of your specific valve or simply add the calculated equivalent length to the overall pipe length entered on the Data Input worksheet Cell G47 named Pipe_Length Equipment Equipment manufacturers often provide a pressure drop at specified flow conditions For example the tube side pressure drop for a heat exchanger is reported on the heat exchanger datasheet at the flow rate given on the datasheet You can find the equivalent length by entering the flow data fluid flow rate temperature density viscosity on
30. here Kelvin is used Apologies for the mixed units of measure but be careful when working on the Properties worksheet 24 PIPESIZE po alan a Cc LD JE gt ia ERE Physical Property Data for Fluid Flow 2 3 The data on this worksheet are used for estimating viscosity and specific gravity 4 You can enter new compounds in the table To do so insert rows in the table in 5 the appropriate places compound names must be in alphabetical order 6 Enter coefficients for the viscosity equation using one of the equations listed below T 8 Units are 9 temperature deg K for viscosity equation deg C for specific gravity 10 viscosity centipoise cP 11 specific gravity dimensionless compared to water at 4 or 20 deg C 12 13 Viscosity equations 14 15 1 lu bT m 16 am 2 Inp b m T Andrade equation 18 19 3 llogu b m T cT d47 2 Use this equation for Carl Yaws data 20 21 4 in y b m T c 22 23 5 u b cT aT 2 Normally used for gas viscosity 24 25 6 log y b 1 T 1 m Use this equation for Reid Sherwood data 26 27 Calculations 28 Water 106 29 Compound Name 30 Name found in Properties Table Water Coeff 31 Temperature deg C 26 66666667 32 Viscosity Equation 2 1848 33 Absolute Viscosity cP 0 8967 0 34 Specific Gravity 0 995337588 0 35 Rato of Cp to Cv 1 31 0 36376 36 Molecular Weight 18 02 1 9E 05 37 Thermal conductivity Btu ft h F 0 36 0 96 38 Heat capacit
31. ironment is dry atmospheric air no provisions for pipes buried in soil run through a water bath or weather conditions such as rain or snow e Radiation losses based on the emittance of the pipe or insulation jacket but if the temperature of the flowing fluid is less than that of the environment there are no radiation gains 19 an ld PIPESIZE So Om Two VBA function subroutines perform the heat loss gain calculations Find them in the Module named HeatLoss The subroutines are self documented with variables formulas and algorithms explained in comments Temperature dependent equations for the thermodynamic properties of air are included in the Module The calculations in this Module are done in SI units if U S units are selected the spreadsheet converts the results The function calls are as follows Inside Heat Transfer Coefficient Function h_internalSI NRe ro mu k cp di L v Inside heat transfer coefficient SI units h_internalSl inside heat transfer coefficient W m2 C NRe Reynolds number dimensionless ro density kg m3 mu kinematic viscosity m2 s k thermal conductivity W m K cp heat capacity kJ kg C di inside diameter of pipe mm L approximate pipe length m v velocity m s This subroutine calculates the Prandl number and the Nusselt number for which the formula depends on the value of the Reynolds number Then the inside heat transfer coefficient is calculat
32. kPa absolute 8 Liquid LJ Gas lt lt lt Entry Ignored lt lt lt Entry Ignored lt lt lt Entry Ignored F Heat Capacity kJ kg K 3 875 lt lt lt Entry Ignored Summary of Units Property English Customary US Units SI Units Liquid Gas Liquid Gas Flowrate US gal min Ib h liters s kg h Temperature Deg F Deg F Deg C Deg C Pressure psia psia kPa kPa Absolute Viscosity cP cP Pascal sec Pascal sec Density lb ft lb ft kg m kg m Length feet feet meters meters Diameter inches inches DN DN Head ft water ft water meters water meters water Velocity ft s ft s m s m s Enter the fluid name If the fluid entered matches exactly with one in the compounds list on the PROPERTIES worksheet the message Entry Ignored appears next to Molecular Weight Specific Gravity Absolute Viscosity Thermal Conductivity and Heat Capacity Otherwise Entry Required appears a lao PIPESIZE so fe com TIP Use the optional pulldown list of all compounds in your database This is especially helpful for chemicals such Optional Pulldown List of Fluids as n butyl alcohol which is actually entered in the Therminol XP ha database as butyl alcohol n Also it s easier to find entries for compound mixtures such as Ethylene Glycol 40 Actual Flow is the design flowrate used in all pressure drop calculations Maximum flow is used on the worksheet LIQFLOW which provides the pressure dr
33. n list at H31 Cell F33 Enter the flowrate be sure to use the units that are indicated Cell F36 If this is a gas calculation enter the pressure Take note of the messages at Cells E32 G37 G38 and G39 Enter data if it says Entry Required it means that the fluid name entered in Cell 31 is missing from the Properties Table see page 24 Cell D43 If you are calculating for a known pipe diameter select the Specific Diameter radio button Otherwise select Economic Cell G47 Enter the approximate equivalent length of the pipe segment you are calculating If you don t know the equivalent length enter a value that is 1 4 times the actual length of the pipe Read results in the table in columns K N Notice that results for three pipe sizes are displayed The specified size or size determined by P PESIZE is in the middle at Rows 35 to 41 It is flanked by the next smaller and next larger sizes There are many additional variables that you can enter they are explained in this manual However for the most part the inputs are self explanatory a ld PIPESIZE SO COm System Requirements e Personal computer running Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for Applications VBA This requirement means that Open Office and other programs capable of opening and editing basic Excel worksheets will not work VBA is required Excel 97 on the Mac lacks VBA and is therefore incompatible however Office 2010 on the Mac is
34. op and velocity for flows from zero to Maximum in 10 increments This is useful when you need to construct a system curve The Nominal Pressure is required for gas flows unnecessary for liquids The gas properties and pressure drop are highly dependent on system pressure Enter the INLET pressure here English units are psia absolute pressure When entering a gas that isn t in the database you must enter the Molecular Weight and the Absolute Viscosity However Specific Gravity compared to liquid water isn t used because PIPESIZE estimates it by assuming ideal gas conditions TIP Natural gas is usually characterized by its average molecular weight or its specific gravity Calculate Natural Gas suggested properties molecular weight by multiplying specific gravity by 29 Specific gravity sua i a Molecular w eight 21 75 Use the properties of methane for viscosity thermal Absolute viscosity 0 000011 conductivity and heat capacity A little worksheet is Thermal conductivity 0 036 provided to give these properties you must enter Heat capacity 2 220 them manually into the data entry area Size Selection Criteria determines how PIPESIZE determines the pipe sizes Choose the desired option by selecting one of the three radio buttons If Specific Diameter is chosen then you enter the nominal diameter of the pipe next to the prompt For Target Velocity enter the velocity you desire Economic diameter will use the results of the Peter
35. possible messages are Warning Specified Size is non standard lt SIZE gt is used Warning Fluid Temperature exceeds maximum permitted by pipe specification Warning Fluid Temperature is colder than minimum permitted by pipe specification Warning lt FLUID gt not in databank check physical properties entry Warning Temperature exceeds insulation maximum recommendation Warning Temperature lower than insulation minimum recommendation Warning lt CODE gt is not a defined pipe specification standard IPS pipe sizes are assumed Error Pressure drop exceeds nominal pressure Warning Viscosity for gas expected to be less than 0 1 cP 14 le edi PIPESIZE e com Pressure Drop Calculations The Calcs worksheet collects the data and shows the steps to calculate pressure drop due to friction The calculations are performed for three pipe sizes the selected size based on program selected economic size specified size input by user or the size that most closely achieves the velocity target input by the user Calculations are also done in both SI and English customary U S units There are tiny differences in the answers for SI and English units these differences are the result of rounding and inexact conversion factors The Calcs worksheet also has tables with some intermediate values units conversions and program variables for things such as radio button selections These are located at the bottom
36. re not technically fit since there are three coefficients and three data points However as long as your initial viscosity data is good the resulting equations will do an excellent job interpolating to other values When done click on the Add compound or update data button If your fluid is not already in the Properties Table the macro inserts a new row and copies the values into the table However if your fluid is already in the table the macro gives you a choice of overwriting existing data or just adding any new data that you may have entered For instance there is no data for gaseous acetone in the table If you enter values for gaseous acetone then click the button you could add that data to the table without affecting the existing values for liquid acetone Alternatively you can Unprotect the worksheet there is no password and enter or edit the data in the Properties Table directly To use a single constant value for any property just enter it in the proper units under the b column For example the value for specific gravity of acetaldehyde is a constant 0 778 in the distribution version of PIPESIZE see Cell L41 To delete a fluid from the Properties table first Unprotect the worksheet there is no password highlight the row you want to delete and use the Excel menu selection Delete Delete Sheet Rows G F G H J K ha M N o B Q R S T u 1 2 Use this s
37. red to Data Input and the Macro checks to see if the Fluid is in the database e If the Fluid is not in the database the viscosity and density values and Molecular Weight if it s a gas are transferred to the Entry Required cells on Data Input e The other data is transferred e Since the fitting count if any is not saved to the Line List only the total equivalent length is transferred To ensure that the correct equivalent length is utilized the number of each of the fitting types is reset to zero e The Specific Diameter calculation method is selected and the nominal pipe size is transferred to Data Input as that diameter 29 sc PIPESIZE so LIQFLOW Worksheet Y com This datasheet presents ten flow calculations for each of the three pipe sizes It uses the user input in cell F34 on the Data Input worksheet as the maximum flow rate and calculates results at ten equal intervals wld eco so EFFECT OF FLOW VARIATION software com IT EE 0 1 2 00 ENT D Bj co Poy REV PREPARED BY DATE APPROVAL REQUISITION NO SPECIFICATION NO 10314 18103 S Hal 02 Apr2013 Jo JUNIT AREA PROCURED BY INSTALLED BY A Process Utilities Fluid Service Combustible Oil Insulation Fiberglass Ambient Temperature deg 30 Process Data Fluid Pumped Therminol XP liquid Maximum Flow Rate liters second 50 Viscosity m Pascal seconds 0 45929 Smaller Pipe Size Sche
38. s and Timmerhaus calculation on the OPTLIQ worksheet It s often a good starting point when sizing a new pipe Or use Target Velocity which selects the pipe in your specification code which most closely matches the velocity you enter If you enter a specific diameter or target velocity that results in a pipe size outside the range of your pipe specification then the closest pipe is selected and a Warning message is generated LJ Economic 8 Specific Diameter LJ Target Velocity Diameter 100 DN 10 a lao PIPESIZE So re com Physical Layout is an optional section If you know the length of the pipeline and count of fittings enter the data here Another way to enter this information is to input the total equivalent length you want to use with zero fitting count If this section is left blank 100 equivalent feet meters are assumed For gas pressure drop calculations the total length of pipe is important The calculation iterates on the total length and is more accurate when you do enter the length Length of pipeline meters 90 deg Ell O Globe Valve Long Rad Ell 0 Gate Valve 45 deg Ell 0 Ball Valve reduced por 180 deg Bend 0 Butterfly Valve TEE Line Flow 0 Plug Valve TEE Branch Flow O Angle Valve Bell Mouth Inlet 0 Swing Check Valve Square Mouth Inlet O Re Entrant Pipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Report Selection controls which of the worksheets is printed Use the checkboxes to indicate those reports you want Th
39. t in this section For compressible flow calculations i e gas you can choose to use an isothermal or adiabatic flow assumption For isothermal the gas is assumed to remain 15 le did PIPESIZE So o com at constant temperature throughout the pipeline For adiabatic the gas cools as it expands Isothermal conditions are usually recommended Choose isothermal or adiabatic at cell C24 The next portion of Calcs from rows 59 to 85 calculates the pressure drop The Reynolds number is computed based on the inlet conditions to the pipe segment Friction factor is based on Reynolds number and surface roughness it uses the Churchill correlation which covers laminar transitional and turbulent flow regimes Reynolds number and friction factor are calculated in VBA function subroutines 58 CALCULATIONS 59 Reynolds Number 505 910 385 527 255 916 505 076 384 892 255 495 60 Friction Factor 0 0183 0 0177 0 0173 0 0183 0 0177 0 0173 61 Velocity at upstream mis 419 244 1 07 is 13 74 7 98 3 52 62 63 For 100 m or 100 ft of equivalent length 64 Pressure Drop kPa 100 m 146 69 36 50 460 psi 100 ft 647 1 61 0 20 65 Pressure Drop m water L 14 98 3 73 0 47 ftwater L 14 94 3 72 0 47 66 Discharge Pressure kPa abs 553 31 663 50 695 40 psia 95 06 99 91 101 32 67 Discharge Temperature C 270 00 270 00 270 00 E 518 00 518 00 518 00 68 Discharge Density kg m3 711 711 711 10 13 444 444 444 69 Critical sonic Velocity m s 592 39 592 39 592 39 fs 1 943 47
40. uate fow rate based on pressure 25 26 Insulation Covering Poste wine Upstream Pressure KPa abs 27 28 Wind Velocity rs 500 Next Smaller Size ON 2 Ambient Tes de Equiv Length meters 30 Punsown Lest ol Fluids Pressure Orop KPa 250 m 3 Fluid Name m water 2 Molecular Weight 18 016 Velocity ms 3 Actual Flow lners second 2000 Oc Heat loss bare pipe W m EN Maximum Flow liters second 50 00 Conversion from sta volume to mass gt Approx downstream temperature C 35 Flowing Temperature deg C 270 00 Desired smh 0C 100 Pa 48607 Selected Suze ON 36 Upstream Pressure KPa absolute 700 00 weg mo Equiv Length meters 37 Specific Gravty 0 711 Entry ignored Acutal Flow komy sor Pressure Drop KPa 250 m 38 Absolute Viscosity Pascal seconds 0 000459 lt lt lt E im water E Thermal Conductivity Wim K 0 107 lt lt lt Velocity ms 40 Heat Capact kJ k Hest loss bare ppe W m 41 Approx downstream temperature C 42 Next Larger Size ON 43 Equiv Length meters 44 Pressure Drop kPal250 m 45 m water 46 Velocity evs 47 Heat loss bare pipe Wim 43 Approx downstream temperature C 49 Long Rad Ell 50 145 deg EN 1 180 dog Bend 52 TEE Line Flow 53 TEE Geanch Flow 54 Boll Mouth inet Swing Check Valve s5 Square Mouth Inlet Re Entrant Pip 56 s7 C Rents Summary s Prnt Reports 60 2 Datasheet Styie Ditomenh 61 62 Cirstructons Figur
41. w adiabatic gases fL_if 1 1 We NO D Y Na N ma 2 Nik Hall Stephen Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers 5 Edition Butterworth Heinemann 2012 16 chum PIPESIZE SO COm The variable definitions are D pipe diameter m or ft f Darcy friction factor dimensionless G mass flux kg s m or lb s ft 3600 A 8 conversion factor 1 m s or 32 17 ft s L pipe equivalent length m or ft M molecular weight N ya Mach number dimensionless P absolute pressure Pa or psia R gas constant 8314 5 mi Pa kgmol K or 10 73 f psi lbmol R T absolute temperature K or R G U average fluid velocity at local conditions m s or ft s P 1 X 1 N2 J Z compressibility factor 1 for a perfect gas y ratio of specific heats C C 4 fluid dynamic viscosity kg m s or lb ft h pP density of gas at local conditions kg m or lb ft RT 17 Heat Loss Gain Calculations PIPESIZE Sk tl PO PIPESIZE calculates heat loss or gain from uninsulated and insulated pipes It displays results for heat flux W m or Btu h ft surface temperature of the pipe or insulation and approximate downstream temperature VBA function subroutines performs the calculations The primary reference for a consistent set of equations is Cao An excellent on line article is by Haslego Inputs for the Calculations The heat loss gain calculations utilize SI values with conversion
42. y Btu lb F 0 98 0 00085 Figure 6 Property Results in the upper left quadrant of the Properties worksheet 25 PIPESIZE Properties Data Table see Figure 7 e a Data are tabulated for liquids and gases as defined in the column headers Compounds must remain in alphabetical order The data fields columns are defined here Column Name Content Equation Fluid name in alphabetical F Compound Not applicable order See equations in Cells B15 B25 Viscosity Number corresponding to the data published in the literature will fit one G Viscosity Equation equation used for liquid of these equations New compounds are fit viscosity See Cells A15 A25 to Equation 4 see discussion in the next section Coefficients for the liquid H K b m c d y viscosity equation L Liquid Sp Gr Intercept b a i Specific Gravity m t b where t C M Sp Gr slope Slope m N Mol Wt Molecular weight Required for gases Coefficients for the gas 0 Q b c d viscosity equation always See Equation 5 in Cell B23 Equation 5 R C C Ratio of specific heats Required for gases Liquid Thermal S a Intercept b Conductivity k mt b Thermal Conductivity T Slope m Slope U Liquid Heat Capacity Intercept b Cp mt b V Heat Capacity Slope Slope m Gaseous Thermal W Ka Intercept b Conductivity k mt b Thermal Conductivity X Slope m Slope Y Gaseous Heat Capacity Intercept b Cp mt b
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