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Delft3D-TIDE User Manual

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1. TIDE Analysis and prediction of tides User Manual Hydro Morphodynamics Version 5 00 Revision 41593 18 December 2015 TIDE User Manual Published and printed by Deltares telephone 31 88 335 82 73 Boussinesqweg 1 fax 31 88 335 85 82 2629 HV Delft e mail infoOdeltares nl P O 177 www https www deltares nl 2600 MH Delft The Netherlands For sales contact For support contact telephone 31 88 335 81 88 telephone 31 88 335 81 00 fax 31 88 335 81 11 fax 31 88 335 81 11 e mail sales deltaressystems nl e mail support deltaressystems nl www http www deltaressystems nl www http www deltaressystems nl Copyright 2015 Deltares All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by print photo print photo copy microfilm or any other means without written permission from the publisher Deltares Contents Contents 1 Guide to this manual 1 LI NIG i o esos ud la ee A a E a 1 1 2 Manual versi ccoo da ee 2 1 3 Typographical conventions a eee eee 2 1 4 Changes with respect to previous versions 4 2 2 Introduction to TIDE 5 2 1 Global description of the sub systems o 5 2 2 Howto install the software 0 2 5 3 Getting started 7 3 1 TIDE as Delft3D module Ma 7 3 2 Getting into Delft3D FLOW and TIDE a 8 3 3 Exiting TIDE
2. lt G Wi 11 3 4 Exiting DelftBD Bd Nase 11 4 Menu options 13 41 Filemenu gg M 13 41 1 OPD WM 4O 13 412 Quit MB 22 0 ee 13 4 2 Subsystemmenu SOM 22 eee 13 4 2 1 Analysis 4mm Wo 14 4 2 2 Prediction SE TU VF es 14 4 2 2 1 Prediction GUIA PU o 15 4 2 2 2 Prediction Calculation o 15 4 23 High Llow BO 2 ee ee es 16 4 2 3 1 HigiowaGUl WA 2 ee ee 17 4 2 3 2 jdigh Low alculationmmy lt lt 17 4 2 4 Ascon S JUE o 18 4 2 5 Fourie y GBA O o 19 4 2 5 1 Standard Fourier Transform 19 4 2 5 2 Fast Fourier Transform 0 20 43 Help meo MM 22 a a 20 4 3 1 UserManual 0 0 00 ee 20 4 3 20 About Mo 20 5 General operation of the TIDE subsystems 21 5 1 ANALYS Daa MO ceo rada a 21 5 1 1 Running the system aoaaa aa 00420004 21 512 INAI o a Be ee we a Gs ee 23 51 21 Input datatile lt sina ce ee Be ee 23 5 1 2 2 File containing the observations lt obs gt 23 513 OUPS 224 04 00 08 aaa Ree a Pee De 24 5131 Printtle lt pra gt 2 sa ee ek ee ee 24 5 1 3 2 Componentfile lt cmp gt 25 5 1 3 3 Hindcast file lt hdc gt o 26 5 1 3 4 Residue file lt x res gt 0 0 26 5 1 3 5
3. 34 of 100 Deltares 5 3 3 2 5 3 4 5 4 5 4 1 General operation of the TIDE subsystems Tide table file lt hlw gt At each new print page the plus header lines from the lt x inh gt file and lt obs gt lt x hdc gt or lt x prd gt file are inserted for identification Finally the computed tide tables are printed lt hlw gt These have the form of well structured tables for times and values of High Waters HW and Low Waters LW Next to the dates a number is printed This equals the number of hours elapsed until 0 00 hours that day Each year at 1 January 0 00 hours this value is reset to zero Restrictions HILOW is subject to five restrictions Here restrictions are only listed for the relevant input data on the input data file 1 The time series must lie between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 2049 2 The maximum number of data in the processed time series equals 18 000 Nobs lt 18000 Note that processing one full year of half hourly data 2 8 760 2 8 784 values or a half year of 15 minute data does not pose any problems 3 The maximum number of instruments equals 10 4 The maximum number of sub series equals 10 Remark Restrictions 5 to 9 of section 5 1 4 ANALYSIS also apply When preparing an input file specifically for the HILOW computation or using the HILOW GUI you will not confront these restrictions no coupling 1 component only no very short sub series ASCON The present s
4. Each sub series is supposed to start on a full hour or any number of integer time steps after a full hour Adjust the date time for the start of the concerned sub series COMPONENT xx NOT IN INTERNAL COMPONENT BASE The system does not recognise the component Maybe the name of the component is misspelled Names should be entered in upper cast Check the spelling of the component by comparing with Appendix B If necessary replace it by the component from the database that has the same or comparable frequency In this section the list of possible error messages of HILOW is given All error messages will cause the sub system to abort Again only error messages related to relevant input will be listed Error messages ERROR 1 Explanation Remedy ERROR 2 Explanation Remedy ERROR 3 Explanation Remedy ERROR 4 Explanation Remedy ERROR 5 Explanation Remedy 94 of 100 NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS EQUALS SHOULD BE LESS THAN 18000 The number of values Nobs that you specified in the input file ex ceeds 18 000 Restrict the number of observations in HILOW either by shortening the series or dropping every other half hourly value if applicable Hourly values suffice in the determination of tide tables Note that a full year of half hourly values corresponds to Nobs 17520 17568 for a leap year TOO MANY INSTRUMENTS Actual number of instruments Nins exceeds 10 If possible reduce the number of instruments to
5. 30 June 1989 Time step 60 minutes Remark o This is the observation series analysed in ANALYSIS Example 7 1 3 7 4 ASCON For the ASCON subsystem 2 examples are given Deltares 45 of 100 7 4 1 7 4 2 7 5 7 5 1 7 5 2 TIDE User Manual Example 1 Tidal Station Number of components Astronomical arguments for the following Date Time groups Example 2 Tidal Station Location Number of components Astronomical arguments for the following Date Time group FOURIER Centre Point of the Bermuda Triangle 29 1999 January 1 00 00 00 GMT 2000 January 1 00 00 00 GMT 2001 January 1 00 00 00 GMT Hook of Holland Coastal station North Sea 60 2049 December 31 00 00 00 GMT For the FOURIER subsystem 3 examples are given Example 1 Tidal Station Character of the data Length of generated time series Length of analysed time series Fourier option Centre Point of the Bermuda Triangle Residue file from example 3 of analysis 30 0 days 29 5 days from start suitable period tidal bands 0 2 4 6 and 8 The examples 7 5 2 and 7 5 3 are related to artificial time series for an adequate test of the Standard Fourier Transform and the Fast Fourier Transform The generic formulae for the artificial time series reads F t 3 A cos w t Example 2 Character of the data Parameters in generic formulae Length of generated time series Length of analysed time series Time step minutes
6. 8 4 2 8 4 3 8 4 4 8 4 5 Conceptual description Least squares solution technique Assuming the choice of the mathematical model for the tide fixed k constituents a mean Ap and a linear trend Bo the model is numerically solved by means of a least squares technique This is based on the minimisation of the quantity NO W ti H t 8 8 i 1 where N is the number of observations and W t is the value of the observation at t The solution involves a linear system of 2k 1 or 2k 2 equations solved by LU decomposition For good resolution V should be much larger than 2k 2 This is one of the reasons why you should try to minimise the number of constituents that enter in the tidal model That is also directly in line with the aim of tidal analysis extracting the local amplitudes and local phases of those constituents that together give a good description of the deterministic tidal part of an observation Special features Trends As a result of non resolvable very long period constituents or non astronomic phenomena such as wind the mean water level may vary slowly Also the position of the registration instrument may gradually change To take into account of such motions if present you may include an extra term Bot to the analysis formula Equation 8 1 representing a trend Astronomically coupled constituents Depending on the duration of the registration there may be constituents with a di
7. When clicking on the Help gt About a window will display the current version number of TIDE 20 of 100 Deltares 5 General operation of the TIDE subsystems 5 1 ANALYSIS A rather extensive theoretical background of tidal analysis is given in section 8 3 Special features are discussed in section 8 4 It is advised to refresh your knowledge if needed by reading these sections Running the system gt Start TIDE see Chapter 3 ANALYSIS operates in a file oriented way That means that you have to prepare your input files before you can start the system successfully From the data on the input files the computa tional process starts resulting in a number of output files The print file with a complete report of the computation provides you with an impression of the results For file name conventions see Appendix C ANALYSIS needs input data from two files the input data file with the required extension lt ina gt and the file with observations with the required extension lt obs gt the file descrip tions are given in section A 1 Here we expect both input files to be ready for use Select Subsystem Analysis see Figure 5 1 Subsystem Help Y Analysis Prediction gt High Low gt Ascon Fourier Figure 5 1 Menu option Subsystem Analysis If the input files are not yet selected the open file dialog is opened with the appropriate file filters for the input and observation data otherw
8. a median error per constituent and auto correlation function of the residue for various time lags The median error is defined by CN N Z Es mean error in 2 th unknown VV2 standard deviation of the residuals L 1 th main diagonal element of the inverted solution matrix N number of observations used Z total number of unknowns It is noted that in the actual solution of the matrix the equation in amplitudes and phases is rewritten in one in terms of cosine and sine functions Acos wt Y A cos y coswt asin y sinw acoswt bsin wt 8 10 Ei is the mean error for one of the elements of the unknowns Ao Boj ak Dx In the print file of a tidal analysis extension lt x pra gt values for the two parameters VV 1 and VV2 are given Parameter V V1 is related to the numerical condition number of the linear system of equations from which the tidal constituents are solved Parameter V V2 represents the standard deviation of the residuals Tidal prediction The character of the tide at a given location in determined by the local values of the set Ap A and G If this set or the main part of it is known from literature or as the result of the ANALYSIS part of TIDE a prediction of tidal heights for any given period can be made Commonly used time intervals are 5 6 10 15 30 or 60 minutes Time variation of the astronomical fluctuations F and u over the considered period can be accounted for and a linear trend may be in
9. the Rayleigh criterion requires 360 360 Aw 30x24 7 720 0 5 8 5 Deltares 51 of 100 8 3 4 O TIDE User Manual Similarly registrations of 180 and 360 days duration lead to a Rayleigh criterion of 0 08333 and 0 04166 degrees per hour respectively Appendix B lists all available tidal constituents and their frequencies in order of increasing frequencies lt is clear that in most tidal analysis computations the Rayleigh criterion will drastically restrict the choice of constituents that can be included Astronomical coupling Very often a tidal registration series has a length of only one month In many waters however a proper description of the tide requires the inclusion of tidal constituents that can only be resolved from half a year or a year of data Simple inclusion of these components in the mathematical model of the local tide will imply a violation of the Rayleigh criterion and lead to unreliable results In the TIDE system you may resolve the related constituents in a coupled sense Let us assume the situation of one main component and several sub components which are too close in the frequency domain You must prescribe the amplitude and phase relations between the two or more constituents involved In the numerical solution one lumped constituent is resolved Afterwards the prescribed relations are applied again to determine the separate amplitudes and phases We note that this system presupposes that t
10. the computational Fast Fourier Transform does not allow the selection of tidal bands or sub spectra At the other hand the Fast Fourier Transform is that fast that this speed increasing options are hardly needed Deltares 39 of 100 TIDE User Manual Subsystem Help Analysis 01 00 tutorial tide as Prediction gt High Low gt not yet selected Ascon Fourier gt Y Fourier SFT ie i rint me Fourier FFT FKAI file Figure 5 13 Menu Subsystem Fourier gt Fourier SFT 5 5 3 Running the system Slightly different from the other sub systems FOURIER does not expect the input parameters to be present on a file Here the input parameters like time step options etc should be entered in an interactive dialogue At completion next output files will be created for Standard Fourier Transform lt name prf gt output print file for SFT lt name tkf gt output file for graphical presentations for SFT For Fast Fourier Transform output files below will be created lt name prt gt output print file for FFT lt name tkt gt output file for graphical presentations for FFT gt Start TIDE see Chapter 3 The User Interface will pop up In order to run FOURIER first make this sub system the active sub system by selecting option Fourier from the Subsystem menu in the Main Menu see Figure 5 13 At any time the filenames for the selected input files can be read from the File Report as displayed on the lower half of the
11. to fill the gaps with unrealistic values e g 99999 enabling the system to check whether parts of gaps are involved in the harmonic analysis actually each value bigger than 1000 will sat isfy Detection of these unrealistic values will cause the system to abort with an error message ERROR 21 See the list of messages section D 1 Output files A harmonic analysis produces the following result files lt x pra gt output print file lt x cmp gt output file with specific information about tidal components lt x hdc gt output file with hindcast time series lt x res gt output file with residual time series lt x tka gt output file for graphical presentations Print file lt x pra gt The print file lt pra gt starts with an exact echo of the input data file lt ina gt Depending on the option chosen by you see section 5 1 1 this is followed by an extensive Input Inter pretation Report This part of the print file may contain error and or warning messages A number of constraints limits and relations are checked immediately after interpretation The warnings and errors may interrupt the print output We strongly advise to scan the print file for messages immediately after the computation has ended You may also find some error and or warning messages as a result of a thorough checks on the consistency of the set of input parameters see section D 1 Next the print file continues with a printout of the date time from the
12. Fourier Transform Input Manual input Input file lt x res gt Time series result file from ANALYSIS Manual input Output file lt x pri gt for the print file of Standard Fourier Transform lt x tkf gt for file with plot data of Standard Fourier Transform 86 of 100 Deltares Filename conventions Fast Fourier Transform Input Manual input Input file lt x res gt Time series result file from ANALYSIS Output file lt x pri gt for the print file of Fast Fourier Transform lt x tki gt for file with plot data of Fast Fourier Transform Deltares 87 of 100 TIDE User Manual 88 of 100 Deltares D Messages from TIDE D 1 Error messages warnings and or Informative messages are given for all the 5 subsystems e g ANALYSIS PREDICT HILOW ASCON and FOURIER ANALYSIS In the ANALYSIS messages on fatal errors and warnings are automatically generated Both result from a thorough overall screening of the individual input parameters Finally the consis tency of the whole input set is checked If fatal errors have been found the program will abort after printing all the error messages on the print file lt x pra gt Therefore if any errors have occurred check the Input Interpretation Report thoroughly In case of warnings the program will continue normally with the computation The warnings are often not that serious that they will abort the computational process On the other hand they dese
13. Graphics data file lt x tka gt 26 5 1 4 Restrictions ooo ee a wee 26 De PREDICI os ecos asa a o al a dd bib Ae ee AD 26 521 AUR ME SISI cio a a A a oe 27 A MEMES 2 oi eee ee a eB Be eek Ae 30 523 QUMUTTIOS ac Sed weed Pee ee Pee de 30 Deltares iii TIDE User Manual 523 1 Printiile lt amp pp gt o cocos cados 30 5 232 Predictile lt prd gt ooe ca sea ee nismo 30 5 23 3 TERAL ls lt a dB ico ede ee eee a 30 SeA WSSUIGUDNE e e ecu ecg a OS Sethe ee Ye eo ey 31 Bo MILOW 42a ome eae ed heed Ps ee oA ee eS hee d 31 50 1 Ruhning the system lt o a c ondoa ea aca esa ee 31 5 3 1 1 Automatic input processing 32 5 3 1 2 HILOW from available input file 33 Boe INDIAS 2a a a eA ha oe em asa ae a a a Eaa ia 33 5 3 2 1 Time series files lt obs gt lt x prd gt or lt hdc gt 34 5 3 2 2 Input datafile lt inh gt ee ee 34 5 3 3 Outp t files aa ae cu caa mana a 4H 5 34 5 3 3 1 Printfile lt prh gt Mm ee eee 34 5 3 3 2 Tide table file lt x hlw gt o o o 35 5 3 4 Restrictions lt 8 S gt 35 5 4 ASCON 2 e868 cee bate ra ar WA Poe eS 35 5 4 1 Running the system 49 Dp 35 SA2 Input ieS e cio AO oe age PE Ea BS 36 5 4 3 Outputfile Aa GP 36 5 44 Restricions UB GP 38 55 POURIER o se
14. HILOW input file will be generated starting from a PREDICT input file At the end the needed block filter parameters are asked for see above Since the predicted time series is purely determined by the supplied tidal constituents resulting in a smooth be haviour you are advised to select for the block filter parameters the indicated defaults press RETURN 32 of 100 Deltares 5 3 1 2 5 3 2 General operation of the TIDE subsystems p E TIDE High Low anma File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide hilow example_1 Input files Input file hlwex Linh Time series file prdex1 prd Output files Print file hlwex1 prh Tide Table file hiwex1 hlw Start High Low Figure 5 8 Overview of input and output files for sub system HILOW HILOW from available input file HILOW needs input data from two files the input data file lt x inh gt and the file with the time series to be processed for high low water computations lt obs gt lt hdc gt or lt x prd gt In order to run HILOW first make this sub system the active sub system by selecting option Subsystem High Low Calculation from the menu bar The required input files should be loaded from the File gt Open menu Note Be aware that the input files should satisfy the default extension as defined for HILOW input files If not please rename the files The selected filenames are listed in the TIDE High Low water w
15. If needed the limitation of the sub system with respect to the input parameters is indicated Header lines 1 lt number of lines lt 20 It is advised to start the input data file with header lines in which you can include some relevant information for this analysis run Relevant information may be the time period of the observations the name of the tidal station the geographical position of the tidal station etc Header lines are recognised by the system by the first character of a record The first character of a header line has to be or x If the first character of a header line is this header line will be copied to the output files If the first character of a header line is this header line will not be copied to the output files HEADER 1 text HEADER Nheader text HEADER i is the i th header line at the start of the input data file N header lt 20 The maximum information per line is 255 characters Tidal series 4 lines Nobs free TB fixed TE fixed UNIT text Nobs is the total number of observations to be read from the lt x obs gt file file with observations Reading always start from the first observation on the lt obs gt file Since the observation file also starts with a five line identification header this is the first number on the sixth line of the lt obs gt file From the lt obs gt file the tidal series H Nobs will be read TB is the date time group
16. Input files Input file prdex1 inp Output files Print file prdex1 prp Predict file prdex1 prd TEKAL file prdex1 tkp Figure 4 7 TIDE Prediction subsystem window 4 23 High Low The subsystem High Low to compute the high and low water time tables consist of two sys tems 1 a Graphical User Interface and 2 acomputational core to perform the calculation see Figure 4 5 Prediction gt High Low gt Y GUI Ascon Calculation Figure 4 8 Subsystem High Low menu options 16 of 100 Deltares Menu options 4 2 3 1 High Low GUI When selecting Subsystem High Low gt GUI the user interface program to calculate the high and low water level tables is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appropriated input files To start the user interface press the button Start High Low GUI see Figure 4 9 G Y TIDE High Low water GUI File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide hilow_gui ana Input files Analysis Predict Input file anaex3 ina Output files High Low Input file anaex3 inh Start High Low GUI Figure 4 9 TIDE High Low water GUI subsystem window 4 2 3 2 High Low Calculation When selecting Subsystem High Low Calculation the program to calculate the high and low water level tables is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appropriated input files To start the calculation of
17. Prediction to compute the astronomic predictions consist of two systems 1 a Graphical User Interface and 2 acomputational core to perform the calculation see Figure 4 5 ho 1 00 tutorial tide pre Prediction gt Y GUI E High Low gt Calculation Figure 4 5 Subsystem Predict menu options 14 of 100 Deltares Menu options 4 2 2 1 Prediction GUI When selecting Subsystem Predict GUI the user interface program to calculate the predictions is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appro priated input files To start the prediction user interface press the button Start Predict GUI see Figure 4 6 File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide prediction_gui Input files Analysis Input file anaex3 ina Analysis Component fle anaex3 cmp Output files Predict Input file anaex3 inp Start Predict GUI Figure 4 6 TIDE Prediction GUI subsystem window 4 2 2 2 Prediction Calculation When selecting Subsystem Predict gt Calculation the program to calculate the predic tions is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appropriated input files To start the calculation of the predictions press the button Start Prediction see Figure 4 7 Deltares 15 of 100 TIDE User Manual File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide prediction example_1
18. Standard Fourier Transform is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appro priated input files To start the standard fourier transform press the button Start SFT see Figure 4 13 File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide fourier example_1 Input files Time series file anaex3 res Output files Print file anaex3 prf TEKAL file anaex3 tkf Start SFT Figure 4 13 TIDE Standard Fourier Transform subsystem window Deltares 19 of 100 TIDE User Manual 4 2 5 2 Fast Fourier Transform When selecting Subsystem Fourier Fourier FFT the program for Fast Fourier Transform is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appropriated input files To start the fast fourier transform press the button Start FFT see Figure 4 14 File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide fourier example_3 Input files Time series file fft_fouex3 res Output files Print file fft_fouex3 prt TEKAL file fft_fouex3 tkt Start FFT Figure 4 14 TIDE Fast Fourier Transform subsystem window 4 3 Help menu On the Help menu you can choose to read the user manual or list the version number of TIDE see Figure 4 15 User Manual About Figure 4 15 Subsystem menu options 4 3 1 User Manual When clicking on the Help User Manual the user manual of TIDE will be displayed 4 3 2 About
19. Vo u and F These arguments hold for the middle time point of the series and consequently vary per sub series Note that one single set of tidal amplitudes and phases is determined independent of the number of instruments or sub series For an explanation of these parameters we refer to the general introduction in section 8 1 Remark The component file with extension CMP can also be used to prepare input files for the Prediction sub system by making use of the FileSelector see section 5 1 1 Deltares 25 of 100 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 4 5 1 3 5 5 1 4 5 2 TIDE User Manual Hindcast file lt hdc gt The hindcast file lt x hdc gt starts with a copy of the plus header lines from the input data file lt x ina gt and the observation file lt obs gt which serve as an identification of this file Next you will find the time series of the computed hindcast The hindcast is the time series computed on the basis of the tidal amplitudes and phases that have just been determined The time series for the hindcast is computed for the same time period as the tidal series on the lt x obs gt file is defined so from date time begin TB until date time end TE Residue file lt x res gt The residue file lt x res gt starts with a copy of the plus header lines from the input data file lt x ina gt and the observation file lt obs gt which serve as an identification of this file This header is followed by
20. applied on observational time series to obtain a global impression with respect to the major tidal constituents The TIDE package offers two methods for Fourier analysis 1 Sub system FOUR Standard Fourier Transform SFT 2 Sub system FFT Fast Fourier Transform FFT Standard Fourier Transform SFT In FOURIER based on standard Fourier analysis the evaluation of the Fourier spectrum is done by a numerical approximation of the Fourier integrals Drawback of this method is it s poor performance for long time series since the computing time is proportional to the square of the number of data Therefore the practical application of this method is restricted to time series of some hundreds of involved data Although the original time series may be much longer the sub system features the selection of a sub series see below FOUR features a Selection of sub series F n n2 as part of the read in time series F 1 n b Restriction of Fourier spectrum to relevant tidal bands c Restriction of the Fourier spectrum S 0 wmaz to the sub spectrum Sw w2 Dealing with long time series options above may result in a considerable speed up of the computational process Note Nowadays computer performance for FOURIER transformation is not a issue any more E g option a wit a period of 355 or 369 days can be combined with option c with S 0 180 assuming At 1h 38 of 100 Deltares 5 5 2 General operation of the TIDE s
21. at east one line with the sign File containing the observations lt x obs gt The lt x obs gt file contains the observations that will be processed in ANALYSIS The unit of the observations meter centimetre inches is free We advise to choose cen timetres as the unit for observations since the number of printed decimal digits for the results is fixed So for centimetres the printed results are actually more accurate Remark Never use a sign to indicate positive values It is possible that the record containing this value is identified as a header line A value without a sign is identified as a positive value ANALYSIS enables you to define sub series for the tidal series on this file This is important if the series contains gaps or sections with unreliable data see the description of the input data file in section A 1 The parts between the sub series the so called gaps are excluded from the computation Be aware that there is no guarantee that your input specification au tomatically agrees with the sub series itself If start and end time for sub series are specified incorrectly it may happen that the input specification for the sub series is inconsistent with the Deltares 23 of 100 5 1 3 1 TIDE User Manual sub series of the data on the observations file As a consequence of this parts of the unreli able gaps will be involved in the harmonic analysis In order to prevent this we strongly advise
22. below Component Angular Amplitude in Amplitude Name Frequency equilibrium tide coupling relation degr hour SA 0 0410686 0 01156 SSA 0 0821373 0 07281 MSM 0 4715211 0 01579 MM 0 5443747 0 08254 MSF 1 0158958 0 01369 MSO 1 0158958 MF 1 0980331 0 15647 KOO 1 0980331 MKO 1 0980331 SNU 1 4874169 SN 1 5602705 MSTM 1 5695542 0 00569 MFM 1 6424078 0 02996 2SM 2 0317916 MSQM 2 1139289 0 00478 MQM 2 1867825 0 00396 2SMN 2 5761663 20K1 12 8450025 2Q1 12 8542862 0 00955 0 025 x O1 NJ1 12 8542862 SIGMA1 12 9271398 0 01152 MUK1 12 9271398 NUJ1 12 9271398 Q1 13 3986609 0 07343 0 191 x O1 NK1 13 3986609 RO1 13 4715145 0 01395 0 036 x O1 NUK1 13 4715145 O1 13 9430356 0 38358 TAU1 14 0251728 0 00504 MP1 14 0251728 M1B 14 4874103 0 01065 0 350 x M1A M1C 14 4920521 Deltares 79 of 100 TIDE User Manual Component Angular Amplitude in Amplitude Name Frequency equilibrium tide coupling relation degr hour M1A 14 4966939 0 02964 M1 14 4966939 0 03150 0 082 x O1 NO1 14 4966939 CHI1 14 5695476 0 00580 LP1 14 5695476 Pi 14 91 78647 0 01028 TK1 14 91 78647 P1 14 9589314 0 17543 0 328 x K1 SK1 14 9589314 S1 15 0000000 0 00416 K1 15 0410686 0 53496 MO1 15 0410686 SP1 15 0410686 PSH 15 0821353 0 00109 RP1 15 0821353 Fl 15 1232059 0 00755 KP1 15 1232059 THETA1 15 5125897 0 00578 LABDAO1 15 5125897 J1 15 5854433 0 03022 0 079 x O1 MQ1 15 5854433 2PO1 15 9748272 SO1 16 05696
23. followed by an explanation If needed the limitation of the sub system with respect to input parameters is indicated Header lines 1 lt number of lines lt 20 It is advised to start the input data file with header lines in which you can include some relevant information for this analysis run Relevant information may be the time period of the observations the name of the tidal station the geographical position of the tidal station etc Header lines are recognised by the system by the first character of a record The first character of a header line has to be or x If the first character of a header line is this header line will be copied to the output files If the first character of a header line is this header line will not be copied to the output files For example in case of ANALYSIS the plus header lines on the lt x ina gt file will include relevant notes on the tidal analysis the origin of applied set of components coupling of com ponents etc Deltares 59 of 100 TIDE User Manual The plus header lines for the time series with observations lt obs gt file may include rel evant information about the tidal station for example geographical position coastal offshore station number of instruments quality of measured data etc HEADER 1 text HEADER Nheader text HEADER i is the i th header line at the start of the input data file Nheader lt 20 The maximum
24. for subsystem ASCON Delft Tide ASCON ascexl inc ascexl pre Error Report Number Of Warning Errors Number Of Fatal Errors Press any key to continue Figure 5 12 Progress Monitor window for sub system ASCON Deltares 37 of 100 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 1 TIDE User Manual Print file lt x prc gt The print file lt x pre gt for ASCON starts with an echo of the plus header lines of the input file discussed in section A 4 Next a series of table s follows which present the astronomical arguments Vp u and F as well as the angular frequency for the selected set of components The quantity Vo u is defined with respect to Greenwich Vo is the astronomical phase for the Greenwich meridian For an explanation of Vo u and FF see section 8 1 Restrictions ASCON is subject to two restrictions 1 The date time groups must lie between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 2049 2 The set of components is limited to the 234 internally available components FOURIER FOURIER incorporates a rather straight forward Fourier analysis of time series Within a TIDE environment the major application of this sub system lies in the Fourier analysis of time series of residuals as they result from a tidal analysis by ANALYSIS The location of the peaks in the Fourier spectrum give information where tidal constituents may be missing By absence of relevant information about the major tidal constituents FOURIER may be useful when
25. gt for an input file of ANALYSIS for the file with the time series of observations for the print file with report and error messages of ANALYSIS for the file with the tidal constants for the file with the time series of the hindcast for the file with the time series of residuals for the file with the plot data of ANALYSIS PREDICT GUI Input Manual input Input files lt x ina gt lt x cmp gt Output file lt x inp gt PREDICT Input file lt x inp gt Output files lt x prp gt lt x prd gt lt x tkp gt Deltares File according the analysis input file Result file with components from the sub system ANALYSIS File suitable as input file for subsystem PREDICT for an input file of PREDICT for the print file with report and error messages of PREDICT for the file with the predicted time series for the file with the plot data of PREDICT 85 of 100 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 TIDE User Manual HILOW GUI Input Manual input Input file lt x ina inp gt File according the ANALYSIS PREDICT input file Output file lt x inh gt File suitable as input file for subsystem HILOW HILOW Input file lt x inh gt for an input file of HILOW Output files lt x prh gt for the print file lt x hlw gt for the file with tide tables ASCON Input file lt x inc gt for an input file of ASCON Output file lt x pre gt for the output file of ASCON FOURIER Standard
26. information per line is 255 characters Tidal series 4 lines Nobs free TB fixed TE fixed UNIT text Nobs is the total number of observations to be read from the lt x obs gt file file with observations Reading always start from the first observation on the lt obs gt file Since the observation file also starts with a five line identification header this is the first number on the sixth line of the lt x obs gt file From the lt obs gt file the tidal series H Nobs will be read TB is the date time group of the first observation H 1 of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above yymmdd hhmmss left justified on the input line TE is the date time group of the last observation H N obs of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above yymmdd hhmmss left justified on the input line UNIT is the description text for the unit of the observations This text is only used for generating appropriate header lines in the output files No internal conversions will follow The maximum number of characters is 8 Example CM WATER Options 1 line INFO 1 5 free INFO is an option array with 5 options INFO 1 0 no GRAPHICS data file will be created You do not intend to present the results in graphical form 1 a GRAPHICS data file will be created with the original time series of the observations with the hindcast and wi
27. input file for the tidal series H 1 N read from the observation file lt x obs gt plus an echo of the number of observations This is followed by the results These are printed per instrument and sub series For each instrument and sub series a table is given with for each tidal component the astronomical arguments Vj u and F for the middle time point of the instrument or sub series as com puted by the system This table or these tables is followed by a table of the computed tidal amplitudes and phases for the selected set of components Notice that there may be a slight difference between the input date time groups for instruments and sub series and the printed results This results from the fact that the computational pro cess requires that the number of observations per instrument or sub series is odd which may lead to disappearance of the last observation After the table with computed amplitudes and phases you find the computed parameters V V1 and VV2 They are a measure for the standard deviation of the analysis and are computed in fully independent ways These two parameters should be almost equal for all the printed digits That is a guarantee for an accurate numerical solution of the amplitudes and phases A difference in the last printed digit is allowed When there is a significant difference between VV1 and VV2 the matrix of normal equations will be added automatically to the print file for a some insight in the numerica
28. less than or equal to 10 for example by shortening the observation length TOO MANY SUBSERIES Actual number of sub series Nsub exceeds 10 See the remedy for Error 2 NO FILTER PARAMETERS PROVIDED The input line for the 3 filter parameters is missing Add the input line for the filter parameters see section A 3 FILTER PARAMETERS INCORRECT While reading the filter parameters the system detected a read error In this situation the most likely explanation is that you did not enter integer numbers for Mfilter and Nfilter Choose integer values for filter parameter Mfilter and Nfilter Deltares Messages from TIDE D 3 2 Info messages The sub system may generate some informative messages for the block filter MESSAGE 1 MESSAGE 2 MESSAGE 3 BLOCK FILTER PAR 1 OUT OF RANGE RESET ON DE FAULT 0 2 BLOCK FILTER PAR 2 OUT OF RANGE RESET ON DE FAULT 2 BLOCK FILTER PAR 3 OUT OF RANGE RESET ON DE FAULT 2 Parameters 1 2 and 3 refer to Afilter Mfilter and Nfilter resp If the default does not satisfy verify their ranges see the example input file in item A 3 D 4 ASCON ASCON contains three error messages ERROR 1 Explanation Remedy ERROR 2 Explanation Remedy ERROR 3 Explanation Remedy Remark ALL TIME DATES INCORRECT Date time groups in input were specified incorrectly or not present at all Adjust or add date time group s for computing the Vo u and F ALL SUPPLIED COMP
29. lt inh gt In this section we discuss the data on the input data file of HILOW The input file for HILOW is identical to the input file of ANALYSIS It is therefore possible to use the same input file for both the ANALYSIS and the HILOW computation The header lines of the input file of ANALYSIS however may contain specific information about that ANALYSIS run It is therefore advised to use the HILOW GUI to copy the input file of an ANALYSIS run to the input file of a HILOW run because during the input processing a step is included to change the header lines in the input file from specific ANALYSIS information to specific HILOW information For a description of the HILOW input file see section A 3 Output files There are two output files one output print file lt prh gt containing the Input Report fol lowed by some computational results and a second print file with the computed Tide Tables lt x hlw gt Notice that the second file is also a print file Print file lt x prh gt At each new print page the plus header lines from the lt x inh gt file and lt x obs gt lt hdc gt lt x prd gt file are inserted for identification The print file lt prh gt first gives an exact echo of the input data file Next the Input Interpre tation Report is printed This part may be interrupted by error messages for example when built in limitations of the software are violated or if the set of input parameters is inconsistent
30. morphology window is re displayed but now the changed current working directory is displayed in the title bar see Figure 3 6 Figure 3 6 Current working directory Deltares 9 of 100 TIDE User Manual tutorial tide analysis example_1 Postprocessing with GPP Set up for nesting Start nesting Tidal analysis flow history results Tidal analysis and prediction standalone Data selection from NEFIS file DATSEL Line integration LINT Volume integration KUBINT Return to Delft3D FLOW menu Select working directory Figure 3 7 Additional tools for the Delft3D FLOW module O Remark In case you want to start a new project for which no directory exists yet you can select ES in the Select working directory window to create a new directory In this guided tour through TIDE we limit ourselves to the point where you start TIDE Hence Select Tools in the Hydrodynamics including morphology window The Additional Tools window is displayed see Figure 3 7 The additional tools for Delft3D FLOW are verifying the input file nesting Delft3D NESTHD 1 and Delft3D NESTHD 2 tidal analysis of Delft3D FLOW time series Delft3D TRIANA tidal analysis and prediction of tides TIDE data selection from NEFIS file linear integration and volume integration see Figure 3 7 To start TIDE gt Select TIDE Next the opening window of
31. of 100 TIDE User Manual RHOi i j PSI i j Nsub i is the estimated amplitude ratio between sub component j of group i and the main component of group i It is the amplitude of sub component j divided by that of its main component is the phase difference between sub component j of group i and the main com ponent of group i It is the estimated astronomical phase of component j minus that of its main component see also section 8 3 4 and Appendix B is the total number of sub components for group i Condition Nsub i lt 10 for each coupling group i Each well defined group of coupled components will fit on one input line The items on input lines for coupling are not bound to column fields The format is completely free only the order of the items is important Instruments 2 Nins 2 lines Nins N1 1 N2 1 N1 Nins N2 Nins Nins N1 i N2 i free free free free free is the total number of instruments involved in the measurement of the selected tidal series Condition Nins lt 10 is the sequence number of the first observation of instrument i is the sequence number of the last observation of instrument i These sequence numbers are related to and must correspond to the sequence numbers in the time series H Nobs that will be analysed T1lins T2ins T1Nins T2Nins T1ins T2ins T1Nins T2Nins 62 of 100 fixed fixed fixed fixed is the date time group of t
32. of coupling groups 0 Number of instruments 1 Number of sub series 1 Trend linear variation no Accuracy analysis no Graphics file yes with correction for mean level Remark O The hindcast file lt anaex2 hdc gt will be used for HILOW Example 7 3 2 Deltares 43 of 100 7 1 3 7 2 7 2 1 TIDE User Manual Example 3 Tidal Station Centre Point of the Bermuda Triangle Period 1 30 June 1989 Number of components 29 Number of coupling groups 3 Number of instruments 2 Number of sub series 1 Trend linear variation yes Accuracy analysis yes Graphics file yes without correction for mean level Remarks See the second remark of Example 7 1 1 The residuals lt anaex3 res gt will be used for FOURIER Example 7 3 1 Example 4 Tidal Station Atlantis Lost Continent Location Atlantic Ocean Period Full year 2024 Number of components 38 Number of coupling groups 0 Number of instruments 2 Number of sub series 6 Trend linear variation no Accuracy analysis no Graphics file no Remark See the second remark of Example 7 1 1 Formal satisfaction of the Rayleigh Criterion requires an observation length of 365 days 360 24 x 0 0411 365 In the present observation series the month of January is not present which reduces the length to 334 days Aw 360 24 x 334 0 0449 PREDICT For the PREDICT subsystem 2 examples are given Example 1 Tidal Station Atlantis Lost Continent Location Atlantic O
33. of iterations for the block filter Range 1 lt Mfilter lt 3 Default 2 We advise to start with the indicated default values for the filter parameters In almost all situations these defaults will satisfy and give only real tidal maxima and minima If this is not the case for instance if meteorological effects have given rise to extra extremes in the observed time series that you are considering rerun the computation with larger values of the filter parameters Example input file The Tutorial HILOW Example 1 lt hlwex1 inh gt file Deltares p o box 177 2600 MH Delft TID Analysis and prediction of tides Example 1 from Tutorial HILOW HIGH LOW WATER COMPUTATION 74 of 100 Deltares Input file formats ATLANTIS 10 00 N 00 00 EL dt 30 min 1440 270601 000000 270630 233000 M WATER 00000 38 SA SSA MSM MM MSO KOO MFM 2Q1 SIGMA1 Qi ROL Di M1 PI1 K1 P1 Ji 001 02 MU2 N2 NU2 OP2 M2 L2 2 K2 N03 MO3 M3 s03 MK3 SK3 MN4 M4 MS4 M6 2MS6 0 1 1 1440 270601 000000 270630 233000 1 270601 000000 270630 233000 0 222 Deltares 75 of 100 A 4 TIDE User Manual ASCON In this section we will discuss the data on the input data file of ASCON Unless otherwise stated the input is in free format Do mind the order of entering the data Text input should be always be entered left justified on the input line Apart from the identification header the main input consists of date time
34. of tidal current extremes graphics etc Tidal analysis Mathematical model Starting from a series of e g hourly or half hourly tidal height registrations W t ANALYSIS can be used to determine the constants Ag A and G On the basis of one month of data a good characterisation of the tide can already by given A drawback of such short series is the fact that not all important tidal constituents tidal components can be resolved independently With observations of longer duration such as one year also longer period constituents and various small constituents can be determined explicitly and independently A key part of the analysis is the proper selection of the set of constituents which is assumed to give a proper representation of the tide Equation 8 1 with the set of assumedly important tidal constituents forms the mathematical model of the tide that you prescribe Knowledge and information about the nature of the local tide together with the sampling rate and duration of the observations are essential in order to develop a good mathematical model As a result of non resolvable very long period constituents or non astronomical phenomena such as wind the mean water level may vary slowly Also the position of the registration instrument may gradually change To take account of such motions if present you may include an extra term Bt to the analysis formula Equation 8 1 representing a trend In the case that the model is formulat
35. or If the first character of a header line is this header line will be copied to the output files If the first character of a header line is this header line will not be copied to the output files HEADER 1 text HEADER Nheader text HEADER i is the i th header line at the start of the input data file Nheader lt 20 The maximum information per line is 255 characters Date time groups for V U and F var TI fixed TI represents the date time group yymmdd hhmmss for which the astronomical arguments Vo u and F will be computed You can specify as many date time groups as you like However one date time group per input line Format 16 2X 16 76 of 100 Deltares A5 Input file formats Selection of component set Ncomp lines COMP 1 text COMP Ncomp text COMP i represents the name of component i from the selected set of components The components should be selected from the list of available tidal components in Appendix B The name of each component should be entered in upper cast and left justified on a new line resulting in Ncomp input lines for the set of components This set of components MUST be entered in order of increasing frequency Example input file The Tutorial ASCON Example 1 lt ascex1 inc gt file Deltares p o box 177 2600 MH Delft TIDE Analysis and prediction of tides Example 1 from Tutorial ASCON ASTRONIMICAL ARGUMENTS Centre point Berm
36. per eao a ee A a A hg PREDICT cu dc o a Ve dew bo dt ede Pe kee BLP a eee a RILO acai act ele ae Hoe ele aod aa a heb ae Be A Pe A A A FOURIER o ans iaie i a a O dd eek 57 59 59 66 70 76 77 79 TIDE User Manual vi Deltares List of Figures List of Figures 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 Deltares Splash window of Delt3D i o e 2 a twee ee ee a a ee a 7 Main window Delft3D MENU 2 00 e 4 0 8 Selection window for Hydrodynamics o e 8 Select working directory window o 9 Select specific working directory 1 0 a 9 Current working directory 2 o o o 9 Additional tools for the Delft3D FLOW module 10 Main window of TIDE c 0 lt 200 lt 200 e esa a 11 Menu toolbar option File gt Quit 6 oe 11 TIDE menu options lt lt lt SO o 13 Filemenuoptions M o 13 Subsystem menu options 2 ee 13 TIDE Analysis subsystem window 0 20000 14 Subsystem Predict menu options aoa 0 a 14 TIDE Prediction GUI subsystem window 15 TIDE Prediction subsystem window 0204 16 Subsystem High Low menu
37. screen In addition the names of the output files are shown as derived from the name of the input file applying the default extensions for result files The time series for Fourier analysis will be read from an external data set The format of this data set should be like the well known TIDE format of the lt x res gt files from ANALYSIS 5 5 4 Restrictions FOURIER is subject to one restriction 1 Number of time series n lt 550 000 40 of 100 Deltares 6 Graphics ANALYSIS PREDICT and both FOURIER sub systems create column oriented TEKAL data files lt tka gt and lt x tkp gt files As these files contain an appropriate header for the Delft3D QUICKPLOT and GPP graphics programs these files can easily be processed by Delft3D QUICKPLOT and GPP Delft3D QUICKPLOT and GPP may be activated from the Delft3D MENU Select Utilities in the main window next QUICKPLOT or GPP From the TEKAL data files of ANALYSIS time series can be plotted of observations hindcast and residuals From the TEKAL data files from PREDICT the time series of the tidal prediction can be plotted From the TEKAL data files of FOURIER the spectral series can be plotted of the residuals For the application of Delft3D QUICKPLOT and GPP we refer to the respective User Manuals QUICKPLOT 2013 GPP 2013 Deltares 41 of 100 TIDE User Manual 42 of 100 Deltares 7 Tutorial For each of the subsystems are tutorials given These examples are part
38. the tide tables press the button Start High Low see Figure 4 10 Deltares 17 of 100 TIDE User Manual File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide hilow example_1 Input files Input file hiwex1 inh Time series file prdex1 prd Output files Print file hiwex1 prh Tide Table file hlwex1 hlw Figure 4 10 TIDE High Low water subsystem window 4 2 4 Ascon When selecting Subsystem gt Ascon the program to analyse time series is selected but first if needed the file open window appear to select the appropriated input files To start the calculation of the astronomic constants press the button Start Ascon see Figure 4 11 File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide ascon example_1 Input files Input file Output files Print file Start Ascon Figure 4 11 TIDE Ascon subsystem window 18 of 100 Deltares Menu options 4 2 5 Fourier Two Fourier methods are available to analyse series you can choose between a Standard Fourier Transform SFT or a Fast Fourier Transform FFT method see Figure 4 12 Subsystem Help Analysis 01 00 tutorial tide as Prediction gt High Low gt not yet selected Ascon Fourier Y Fourier SFT T s rr Fourier FFT FKAI file Figure 4 12 Subsystem Fourier menu options 4 2 5 1 Standard Fourier Transform When selecting Subsystem Fourier Fourier SFT the program for
39. time group Fourier Fourier analysis of time series For plotting relevant output files time series as well as spectral series we refer to the graphi cal programs GPP GPP 2013 and Delft3D QUICKPLOT QUICKPLOT 2013 How to install the software See Delft3D Installation Manual Delft3D IM 2013 Deltares 5 of 100 TIDE User Manual 6 of 100 Deltares 3 Getting started 3 1 TIDE as Delft3D module To start Delft3D Onan MS Windows platform gt Select Delft3D in the Applications menu or click on the Delft3D icon on the desktop On Linux Type delft3d menu on the command line Next the title window of Delft3D is displayed Figure 3 1 3D modelling suite for integral water solutions Version 4 01 00 Company Deltares Deltares License Valid until 01 feb 2014 Enabting Delte Lite Copyright c Deltares 2007 2013 Figure 3 1 Splash window of Delft3D After a short while the main window of the Delft3D MENU appears Figure 3 2 Whether or not you may have support on Delft3D modules depends on the support con tract you have For now only concentrate on exiting Delft3D MENU hence gt Press the Exit button The window will be closed and you are back in the Windows Desk Top screen for PCs or on the command line for Linux Remark In this and the following chapters several windows are shown to illustrate the presen tation of Delft3D MENU and TIDE These windows are grabbed from the PC pl
40. 44 001 16 1391017 0 01939 0 051 x O1 2KO1 16 1391017 UPSILON1 16 6834764 0 00372 KQ1 16 6834764 2MN2S2 26 4079379 3MKS2 26 8701753 2NS2 26 8794590 3MS2 26 9523126 OQ2 27 3416964 MNK2 27 3416964 EPSILON2 27 4238337 0 00671 MNS2 27 4238337 2ML2S2 27 4966873 MNUS2 27 4966873 MNK2S2 27 5059710 2MS2K2 27 8039339 02 27 8860711 NLK2 27 8860711 2MK2 27 8860711 2N2 27 8953548 0 02303 0 132 x N2 MU2 27 9682084 0 02776 0 031 x M2 2MS2 27 9682084 SNK2 28 3575922 NA2 28 3986628 N2 28 4397295 0 17398 0 191 x M2 KQ2 28 4397295 NB2 28 4807962 NU2 28 5125831 0 03304 0 194 x N2 80 of 100 Deltares List of tidal components internal component base Component Angular Amplitude in Amplitude Name Frequency equilibrium tide coupling relation degr hour 3MSN2 28 6040041 2KN2S2 28 6040041 OP2 28 9019669 MSK2 28 9019669 GAMMA2 28 9112506 0 00273 ALFA2 28 9430356 0 00313 MPS2 28 9430356 MA2 28 9430356 M2 28 9841042 0 90872 KO2 28 9841042 MSP2 29 0251728 MB2 29 0251728 DELTA2 29 0662415 MKS2 29 0662415 M2 KS 2 29 1483788 2SN Mk 2 29 3734880 LABDA2 29 4556253 0 00466 0 005 x M2 SNM2 29 4556253 2MN2 29 5284789 L2 29 5284789 0 02663 0 029 x M2 L2A 29 5284789 0 02569 L2B 29 5377626 0 00704 0 274 x L2A 25K2 29 9178627 T2 29 9589333 0 02476 0 059 x S2 2 30 0000000 0 42248 KP2 30 0000000 R2 30 0410667 0 00366 0 009 x S2 K2 30 0821373 0 12004 0 284 x S2 MSNU2 30 4715211 MSN2 30 5
41. 443747 ZETA2 30 5536584 0 00134 ETA2 30 6265120 0 00702 KJ2 30 6265120 MKN2 30 6265120 2KM SN 2 30 7086493 2SM2 31 0158958 SKM2 31 0980331 2MS2N2 31 0887494 2SNU2 31 4874169 2SN2 31 5602705 SKN2 31 6424078 MQ3 42 3827651 NO3 42 3827651 MO3 42 9271398 2MK3 42 9271398 2MP3 43 0092771 M3 43 4761563 0 01780 NK3 43 4807981 SO3 43 9430356 MP3 43 9430356 MK3 44 0251728 Deltares 81 of 100 TIDE User Manual Component Angular Amplitude in Amplitude Name Frequency equilibrium tide coupling relation degr hour SP3 44 9589314 2MQ3 44 5695476 SK3 45 0410686 2503 46 0569644 K3 45 1232059 4MS4 55 9364168 2MNS4 56 4079379 3MK4 56 8701753 MNLK4 56 8701753 3MS4 56 9523126 MSNK4 57 3416964 MN4 57 4238337 MNU4 57 4966873 2MLS4 57 4966873 2MSK4 57 8860711 M4 57 9682084 2MKS4 58 0503457 SN4 58 4397295 3MN4 58 5125831 2SMK4 58 9019669 MS4 58 9841042 MK4 59 0662415 2SNM4 59 4556253 2MSN4 59 5284789 SL4 59 5284789 S4 60 0000000 SK4 60 0821373 2SMN4 60 5443747 3SM4 61 0158958 2SKM4 61 0980331 MNO5 71 3668693 3MK5 71 9112440 3MP5 71 9933813 M5 72 4649024 MNK5 72 4649024 2MP5 72 9271398 MSO5 72 9271398 3MO5 73 0092771 MSK5 74 0251728 3KM5 74 1073101 2 MN S6 84 8476674 3MNS6 85 3920421 4MK6 85 8542796 2NM6 85 8635632 4MS6 85 9364168 2MSNK6 86 3258006 2MN6 86 4079379 2MNU6 86 4807915 3MSK6 86 8701753 M6 86 9523126 MSN6 87 4238337 82 of 100 Deltares List of tidal components internal co
42. Applied Fourier Method Fourier option 46 of 100 Artificial WwW 15 5 degr h A1 10 cm wa 16 5 degr h A2 20 cm w3 28 5 degr h A3 30 cm 30 days 720 data points 30 days 720 data points 60 minutes Standard Fourier Method full spectrum analysis Deltares Tutorial 7 5 3 Example 3 Character of the data Artificial Parameters in generic formulae w1 21 97 degr h A1 10 cm w 43 94 degr h A2 20 cm W3 109 86 degr h A3 30 cm Length of generated time series 682 67 days 16384 data points Length of analysed time series 682 67 days 16384 data points Time step minutes 60 minutes Applied Fourier Method Fast Fourier Transform Deltares 47 of 100 TIDE User Manual 48 of 100 Deltares 8 Conceptual description 8 1 Mathematical representation of the tide The astronomical tide observed in oceans and seas is directly or indirectly the result of grav itational forces acting between the sun moon and earth The influence of other celestial bodies is negligibly small The most important motions for the tide are the earth s rotation around its axis 1 day the moon s orbit around the earth 27 32 days and the earth s orbit around the sun 365 25 days The observed tidal motion can be described in terms of a series of simple harmonic con stituent motions each with its own characteristic frequency w angular velocity The ampli tudes A and phases G of the constituents var
43. For filename conventions see Appendix C For ASCON the following extensions are defined lt x inc gt input file with date time groups lt x pre gt output print file with astronomical arguments ASCON needs input data from the input file lt inc gt only Here we expect this input file to be ready for use Be aware that the input file should satisfy the default extension as defined for ASCON input files If not please rename the files At any time the filenames for the selected input files can be read from the File Report as displayed on the lower half of the screen In addition the names of the output files are shown as derived from the name of the input file lt x inc gt applying the default extensions for result files See Appendix C and Figure 5 11 After starting the sub system the progress will be displayed by the Progress Monitor see Figure 5 12 At the end of the run areport of the number of warnings and or fatal errors is shown For an explanation of these warnings errors please browse your print file Input files A description of the ASCON input file is given in section A 4 Output file Only one output print file is produced lt prc gt 36 of 100 Deltares General operation of the TIDE subsystems File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide ascon example_1 Input files Input file Output files Print file Figure 5 11 Overview of input and output files
44. Gu eee lt lt WI 22 eee ee ees 38 5 5 1 Standard Fourier Transform SFT 4 38 5 5 2 Fast Fourier Transform Fiabe Mb 39 5 5 3 Running the system WA WW i we 40 5 5 4 Restrictions WA DM es 40 6 Graphics 41 7 Tutorial 43 71 ANALYSIS APP Mao A 43 71 1 Example BP AP o 43 7 1 2 Example 4 O 2 2 ee es 43 7 13 ExampleS WR o ts 44 714 Example4 WM o es 44 7 2 PREDIC L ppm ds dd ee 44 7 2 1 Jyample1 NAR MW ee 44 EEES e O ee ie oe Be a aa ee pw a 45 Ta PILA ee ee BBG eels Pw ee a ee we ee 45 731 Bpel 2 2 MO o we 45 7 8 2 EXON 2 M ir a a A 45 7 3 3 Example eE 2 6 2 aaa 45 TA ASCON a Me Se Ew Soe wee e Be ee ee ce ee 45 AU EXIMPIST occiso be ee be ere doe ee eg 46 TAE Example oo aler o ee ce ee de oe ee E 46 78 POURIER o e vc pee poe deck ae bo ed ok RA ba ek a eras 46 Tal EXSWpleT 22465 44 0 f eee a a heey 46 Pe EXAMPLE 2 2 6 5 3 Be pd bd Pe ee Seo we eee eee we Pe 46 Poo Evyamples oo gee ek MS ee ke ee oe 47 8 Conceptual description 49 8 1 Mathematical representation of the tide 0200 49 a2 TOAG 24 45 2 bk wee dee Eee Bae bee Sek eee a 50 83 Tidalanalysis 2 lt 2 4 a wees eS ae ae Red we ae we 50 8 3 1 Mathematical model 0 e 222000 s 50 iv Deltares Contents 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 3 2 Nyquist condition measurement interval 0 30 Rayleigh Criterion lt i so
45. M gt as the most well known constituent Tidal band 0 contains the long periodical constituents As mentioned the restriction of the Fourier analysis to tidal bands may result in a considerable speed up of the computational process Ad c Sub spectrum S wl w2 Here the computation of the Fourier spectrum may be restricted to a part of the frequency band from frequency w until w2 Frequencies w and w are to be input by you Of course the maximum frequencies should not exceed the so called Nyquist frequency de fined as 180 JNyquist a degrees hour E g for a time step of At 1 hour the Nyquist frequency 180 degrees hour Fast Fourier Transform FFT The Fast Fourier Transform features it s superior computational speed Especially for long time series many thousands of time steps the Fast Fourier Method may be very useful The implemented FFT method is the so called Markel and Ritea method This method expects the number of data to be a power of two If the number of data on the user provided data set is not a power of two the time series will be extended by adding zeroes until the number of data equals the next power of two From the definition of the Fourier Transform it is easy to see that adding zeroes will not affect the resulting Fourier spectrum It will only increase the spectral density resulting in more frequencies per unit FFT only features the selection of sub series F n na see above The definition of
46. O LARGE Actual number of sub series Nsub exceeds 10 See the remedy for Error 9 INACTIVE ERROR MESSAGES MISSING INPUT LINE FOR BLOCK FILTER PARAMETERS Although the filter parameters are not used the system expects this input line Add this input line See section A 1 INPUT TIMESPECS FOR FIRST SUB SERIES INCORRECT First sub series lies before start of tidal series TB Verify and adjust date time for first sub series INPUT TIMESPECS FOR LAST SUBSERIES INCORRECT Last sub series lies after end of tidal series TE Verify and adjust date time for last sub series INPUT TIMESPECS FOR SUB SERIES INCORRECT The subsequent time levels start and end time for the instruments are not monotonously increasing some sub series may be partly overlapping or ill placed Verify and adjust date time for sub series Deltares Messages from TIDE ERROR 18 Explanation Remedy ERROR 19 Explanation Remedy ERROR 20 Explanation Remedy ERROR 21 Explanation Remedy Deltares SELECTED COMPONENT NOT ALLOWED The indicated component does not belong to the internal component base listed in Appendix B The component may be misspelled Note that the names of components must be given in upper cast capital letters Correct the spelling Compare the frequency of the component with the list of names and frequencies in Appendix B or remove this com ponent from the set COMPONENTS WITH SAME FREQUENCY The tw
47. ONENTS INCORRECT Components missing or misspelled Adjust or add components see Appendix B COMPONENT xx NOT IN INTERNAL COMPONENT BASE The system does not recognise the component Maybe the name of the component is misspelled Names should be entered in upper cast Check the spelling of the component If necessary replace it by the component from the database that has the same or comparable fre quency The constituent names must be entered in order of increasing frequency D 5 FOURIER No errors or warnings are listed Deltares 95 of 100 TIDE User Manual 96 of 100 Deltares E Content of the TIDE tutorial cases E 1 E 2 E 3 A list of the input files of the tutorial cases is given below ANALYSIS For sub system ANALYSIS in directory lt tutorial tide analysis gt sub directory lt example_1 gt with files O lt anaex1 ina gt O lt hvh obs gt sub directory lt example_2 gt with files O lt anaex2 ina gt O lt hvh obs gt sub directory lt example_3 gt with files O lt anaex3 ina gt O lt bermud obs gt sub directory lt example_4 gt with files O lt anaex4 ina gt O lt atlantis obs gt PREDICT For sub system PREDICT in directory lt tutorial tide prediction gt sub directory lt example_1 gt with file o lt prdex1 inp gt sub directory lt example_2 gt with file o lt prdex2 inp gt HILOW For sub system HILOW in directory lt tutorial tide hil
48. OW Input files for HILOW are generated by either ANALYSIS or PREDICT Remark Only if you prepare the input file by hand the remainder of this section is important At the beginning of the file header lines are expected The number of header lines that can be included in the files is not fixed but should at least be one and not exceed 20 Header lines are recognised by the system by the first character of a record the first char acter of a header line has to be or x The header lines are directly followed by the data As the data are read free formatted there are no conditions with respect to the layout of the data part of the file Remark Never use a sign to indicate positive values It is possible that the record containing this value is identified as a header line A value without a sign is identified as a positive value The number of observations per line a line is a record is free The unit of the observations metre centimetre inches is free We advise to choose centimetres as the unit for observa tions since the number of printed decimal digits for the results is fixed So for centimetres the printed results are actually more accurate Input data may sometimes be entered in free format but has at other times to be entered in fixed format Free format means that it makes no difference where you put the input on the line as long as you take into account the order in which it is supplied Fixed for
49. RRECT Explanation The indicated group contains a main component that is not present in the group of selected main components Ncomp Remedy Verify the name of the selected main component Deltares 89 of 100 TIDE User Manual ERROR 5 Explanation Remedy ERROR 6 Explanation Remedy ERROR 7 Explanation Remedy ERROR 8 Explanation Remedy ERROR 9 Explanation Remedy ERROR 10 13 ERROR 14 Explanation Remedy ERROR 15 Explanation Remedy ERROR 16 Explanation Remedy ERROR 17 Explanation Remedy 90 of 100 NUMBER OF COUPLED COMPONENTS PER GROUP TOO LARGE The indicated group contains more than 10 sub components Reduce the number of sub components to less than or equal to 10 by leaving less important ones out of the computation COUPLED GROUP CONTAINS ILLEGAL SUB COMPONENT The indicated group contains a sub component that is not present in the list of tidal constituents Verify the names of the sub components that you want to be included in this group OVERLAP IN COUPLED GROUP OF COMPONENTS One or more sub components are included in more than one group This results in a non unique and therefore illegal situation Redefine the indicated groups NUMBER OF INSTRUMENTS TOO LARGE Actual number of instruments Nins exceeds 10 If possible reduce the number of instruments to less than or equal to 10 for example by shortening the observation length NUMBER OF SUBSERIES TO
50. TIDE is shown see Figure 3 8 10 of 100 Deltares 3 3 3 4 Getting started File Subsystem Help Directory d Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide analysis example_1 Select a subsystem from the menubar Figure 3 8 Main window of TIDE Exiting TIDE Before running TIDE you have to prepare the input files see section 5 1 2 5 2 2 5 3 2 and 5 4 2 Click File Quit to exit TIDE see Figure 3 9 E TIDE Sa Subsystem Help Open Ctrl O r Quit Ctrl Q Figure 3 9 Menu toolbar option File gt Quit You will be back in the Additional tools window of the Delft3D MENU program Figure 3 7 Exiting Delft3D To return to the main Hydrodynamics including morphology selection window Click Return You will be back in the Hydrodynamics including morphology window of the Delft3D MENU program Figure 3 3 Ignore all other options Click Return to return to the main window of Delft3D MENU Figure 3 2 Click Exit The window is closed and the control is returned to the desk top or the command line Deltares 11 of 100 TIDE User Manual In this Getting Started session you have learned to access the TIDE module as part of the Delft3D FLOW module We encourage users next to read chapter 5 and practice with the tutorial examples given in chapter 7 12 of 100 Deltares 4 1 4 2 Menu options The menu bar contains the items File Subsystem and Help see Figure 4 1
51. U2 0 194 0 00 K1 P1 0 328 0 00 2 1 168 181 720 890601 000000 890607 230000 890608 120000 890630 230000 2 890601 000000 890607 230000 890608 120000 890630 230000 0 2 2 2 The Tutorial ANALYSIS Example 4 lt anaex4 ina gt file Deltares p o box 177 2600 MH Delft TIDE Analysis and prediction of tides 64 of 100 Deltares Input file formats Example 4 from Tutorial ANALYSIS TIDAL ANALYSIS year 2024 8784 240101 000500 241231 230000 M WATER 00000 38 SA SSA MSM MM MSO KOO MFM 2Q1 SIGMA1 Qi ROL Di M1 PI1 K1 P1 Ji 001 02 MU2 N2 NU2 OP2 M2 L2 S2 K2 N03 MO3 M3 s03 MK3 SK3 MN4 M4 MS4 M6 2MS6 0 2 1 1594 1597 8784 240101 000500 240307 090500 240307 120000 241231 230000 6 240201 120500 240307 090500 240307 120000 240416 140000 240417 130000 240607 080000 240607 160000 240724 090000 240724 110000 241009 090000 241009 120000 Deltares 65 of 100 A 2 TIDE User Manual 241231 230000 0 222 PREDICT If you have to prepare an input file for PREDICT by yourself it is necessary to know the exact format of the lt x inp gt file At some places input data can be entered in free format but elsewhere it may need to be entered in fixed format Free format means that it makes no difference where you put the input on the line as long as you take into account the order in which it is supplied Fixed format means that the inp
52. ain component of group i It is the amplitude of sub component j divided by that of its main component PSI i j is the phase difference between sub component j of group i and the main com ponent of group i It is the estimated astronomical phase of component j minus that of its main component Nsub i is the total number of sub components for group i Condition Nsub i lt 10 for each coupling group i Each well defined group of coupled components will fit on one input line The items on input lines for coupling are not bound to column fields The format is completely free only the order of the items is important Instruments 2 Nins 2 lines Nins free N1 1 free N2 1 free N1 Nins free N2 Nins free Nins is the total number of instruments involved in the measurement of the selected tidal series Condition Nins lt 10 N1 i is the sequence number of the first observation of instrument i N2 1 is the sequence number of the last observation of instrument i These sequence numbers are related to and must correspond to the sequence numbers in the time series H 1 Nobs that forms the basis for the Tide Tables T1ins fixed T2ins fixed T1 Nins fixed T2Nins fixed T1lins is the date time group of the first observation of instrument 1 T2ins is the date time group of the last observation of instrument 1 T1Nins is the date time group of the first observation of the last instrument T2Nins is the date time gro
53. analysis module TIDE of the Delft3D software suite The TIDE software package consists of the following sub systems ANALYSIS Harmonic analysis of tidal observation registrations PREDICT Prediction of tidal water levels or tidal currents HILOW Preparation of tide tables ASCON Computation of tidal frequencies FOURIER Fourier analysis of time series To make this manual more accessible we will briefly describe the contents of each chapter and appendix If this is your first time to start working with TIDE we suggest you to read and practice the getting started of chapter 3 and the tutorial of chapter 7 These chapters explain the user interface options and guide you through the definition of your first calculation Chapier 2 Introduction to TIDE provides specifications of TIDE Chapter 3 Getting started explains the use of the overall menu program which gives access to the TIDE module Chapter 4 Menu options provides the description of the different menu options on the main menu of TIDE Chapter 5 General operation of the TIDE subsystems describes the operation of the several subsystems of TIDE Chapter 6 Graphics list the post processing tools from the Delft3D suite which can be used in relation with TIDE Chapter 7 Tutorial emphasis at giving you some first hands on experience in using the several modules of TIDE Chapter 8 Conceptual description describes the theory behind TIDE References provides a list
54. atform For Linux workstations the content of the windows is the same but the colours may be different Deltares 7 of 100 3 2 TIDE User Manual l Delft3D 4 01 00 D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 Information and version numbers Grid and bathymetry 3 Hydrodynamics including morphology Waves standalone Partide tracking Far field water quality Delft3D Utilities Exit Delft3D menu Select working directory Figure 3 2 Main window Delft3D MENU Getting into Delft3D FLOW and TIDE To continue restart the Delft3D MENU program as indicated above Click on button Flow Next the selection window for Hydrodynamics including morphology is displayed for preparing a flow or flow wave input to execute a computation in foreground or in batch to inspect the report files with information on the execution and to visualise the results Fig ure 3 2 TIDE is part of the additional tools rorphology Delft3D 4 01 0 Create or edit FLOW input file ind morphology Create or edit WAVE input file Start FLOW simulation ind waves coupling single domain Start FLOW simulation ind waves coupling multiple domains Remote online visualisation Postprocessing with QUICKPLOT View report files Prepare and start FLOW batch job _3 Additional tools Return to Delft3D
55. by editing an already existing PREDICT input file by hand or in the case predictions have to be prepared with sets of tidal constants resulting from a former ANALYSIS run by making use of the built in PREDICT GUI On the basis of the data on the input file with required mask lt x inp gt the computational process proceeds After completion of the computation a number of output files have been produced The print file lt prp gt contains a complete report of the computation and provides you with a good impression of the results The PREDICT GUI may be very useful while preparing a PREDICT input file on the basis of results of a former tidal analysis with ANALYSIS Below follows a summary of the PREDICT output files lt name prp gt output print file lt name prd gt output file with time series of predicted values lt name tkp gt output file for graphical presentations where lt name gt is the basename for the input file lt name inp gt Deltares 27 of 100 TIDE User Manual Automatic input processing In order to run PREDICT GUI first make this sub system the active sub system by selecting option Predict from the Subsyst menu in the Main Menu The PREDICT GUI extracts necessary information from the pertaining lt x ina gt file and lt x cmp gt file from ANALYSIS in order to create an input file for PREDICT This sub system starts an interactive dialogue and is highly self explanatory You are led step by step thro
56. cean Period 1 30 June 2027 Time step 30 minutes Number of components 38 Number of sub series 1 Remark The prediction file lt prdex1 prd gt will be used for HILOW Example 7 3 1 44 of 100 Deltares Tutorial 7 2 2 Example 2 Tidal Station Hook of Holland Location Coastal station North Sea Period 1999 November 1 until 2000 February 29 Time step 60 minutes Number of components 60 Number of sub series 4 7 3 HILOW For the HILOW subsystem 3 examples are given 7 3 1 Example 1 Input time series Atlantis Lost Continent prediction Location Atlantic Ocean Period 1 30 June 2027 Time step 30 minutes Remark The prediction file lt prdex1 prd gt comes from PREDICT Example 7 2 1 7 3 2 Example 2 Input time series Hook of Holland hindcast Location Coastal station North Sea Period Full year 1980 Time step 60 minutes Remarks Itis noted once again that the HILOW input file is equal to the ANALYSIS input file if an analysis has been performed the same input file can be used for tide tables of either the observed or the hindcast series Although the full year is available the input file is prepared to generate the tables of High and Low water for the month of April only This is comparable to the ANALYSIS Example The hindcast file lt anaex2 hdc gt comes from ANALYSIS Example 7 1 2 7 3 3 Example 3 Input time series Centre Point Bermuda Triangle observed water level series Period 1
57. cluded Remark In literature A and G are given in the local time zone of the station involved Using PREDICT will then also result in a prediction given in local time This is in line with ANALYSIS where sets of A and G in local time are determined on the basis of an observation series in local time The following two publications give very small sets of amplitudes and phases for a large number of coastal stations world wide UKHO annual these only give data for O1 K1 M2 and S2 and SHOM 1982 contains data for at most the following 10 constituents SA Q1 O1 K1 N2 M2 S2 MN4 M4 and MS4 However the Table des mar es des grands ports du monde SHOM 1982 is no longer in force since 2000 Tide tables Using a time series of predicted or observed tidal heights with the corresponding time frame as input HILOW determines the times and heights of high and low water Taking account of the diurnal semi diurnal or mixed character of the tide via windowing a special filter tech nique is applied to ignore incidental peaks or measuring errors Registration gaps and tide gauge replacements are automatically taken care of The results present the time and heights 54 of 100 Deltares Conceptual description of high and low water per day For each sub series some statistical information i e average level maximal and minimal levels and mean rise and fall is added Remark The present approach to the preparation of ti
58. de tables is essentially different from the generally used procedure since it is not based on the differentiation of Equation 8 1 This has the advantage that any observed tidal series including meteorological effects can be processed as well When processing observed series the TIDE option to de tect physical extremes measurement errors etc is very useful see item A 3 filter parameters Deltares 55 of 100 TIDE User Manual 56 of 100 Deltares References Delft3D IM 2013 Delft3D Installation Manual Deltares 4 01 ed GPP 2013 Delft3D GPP User Manual Deltares 2 14 ed QUICKPLOT 2013 Delft3D QUICKPLOT User Manual Deltares 2 14 ed SHOM 1982 Table des mar es des grands ports du monde Brest Service Hydrographique et Oc anographique de la Marine SHOM No 540 UKHO annual Admiralty Tide Tables 4 volumes United Kingdom Hydrographic Office UKHO NP 201 204 Deltares 57 of 100 TIDE User Manual 58 of 100 Deltares A A 1 Input file formats A description of the input file formats of the subsystems ANALYSIS PREDICT HILOW and ASCON For FOURIER no input file format need to be described ANALYSIS ANALYSIS needs input data from two files the input data file with the required extension lt ina gt and the file with observations with the required extension lt obs gt Input may often be entered in free format but must sometimes be entered in fixed format Free f
59. e from PREDICT The HILOW GUI extracts necessary information from the lt x ina gt file or the lt x inp gt file from a PREDICT run in order to create an input file for HILOW For loading the input file select File Open from the menu bar A file selection window pops up from which the input file is selected Note The operation mode of High Low is dependent on the file extension either lt ina gt or lt x inp gt To start the High Low GUI subsystem press the button Start High Low GUI The sub system starts an interactive dialogue and is highly self explanatory You are led step by step through the system The sub system can operate in two modes 1 Using ANALYSIS files for generating hilow tables for lt obs gt files or lt hdc gt obs observed and hdc hindcast The HILOW input file is a copy of the ANALYSIS input file As extra the first file needs to be extended with block filter parameters in order to remove the non astronomical extremes from the tidal series The HILOW GUI screens whether or not in the supplied lt x ina gt file from tidal analysis the block filter parameters are present If not the block filter parameters can be selected from a menu Defaults can be selected by RETURN Input by you is validated for the legal range The selected block filter parameters are added on the newly created input file for HILOW 2 Using PREDICT files for generating HILOW tables for lt prd gt files predict files The
60. e sub system the progress will be displayed by the Progress Monitor see Figure 5 3 At the end of the run a report of the number of warnings and or fatal errors is shown For an explanation of these warnings errors please browse your print file 22 of 100 Deltares 5 1 2 5 1 2 1 5 1 2 2 General operation of the TIDE subsystems L Progress Monitor Time consuming routines are highlighted anaexi ina hvh obs anaexi pra anaex1 cmp anmaex1 hdc anaexl res Error Report Number Of Warning Errors 9 Number Of Fatal Errors Q Press any key to continue Figure 5 3 Progress Monitor window for sub system ANALYSIS Input files ANALYSIS needs input data from two files the input data file and the file with observations As a result of a ANALYSIS computation the processed output files will contain the major characteristics of the performed tidal analysis as well as the tidal station and tidal series itself The header lines are directly followed by the data As the data are read free formatted there are no conditions with respect to the lay out of the data part of the file The number of observations per line a line is a record is free Input data file lt ina gt The input file format is described in section A 1 It is noted that this input data file is also used to prepare a PREDICT input file by using the GUI of the prediction sub system Remark The input file lt ina gt must have
61. each item is discussed in a separate section File Subsystem Help Figure 4 1 TIDE menu options File menu On the File menu the options Open and Quit are available see Figure 4 2 Subsystem Help Open Ctrl 0 Quit Ctrl Q Figure 4 2 File menu options Open Upon selecting File gt Open you can open the input files of a subsystem of TIDE The file selection filters are dependent on the chosen subsystem Quit Upon selecting File Quit the TIDE program will close Subsystem menu On the Subsystem menu the subsystems of TIDE can be selected see Figure 4 3 Prediction gt High Low gt Ascon Fourier Figure 4 3 Subsystem menu options Deltares 13 of 100 TIDE User Manual 4 2 1 Analysis When selecting Subsystem Analysis the program to analyse time series is selected but first if needed the file open window will appear to select the appropriated input files To start the time series analysis press the button Start Analysis see Figure 4 4 4 TIDE Analysis File Subsystem Help Directory d Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide analysis example_1 Input files Input file anaex1 ina Observation file hvh obs Output files Print file anaex1 pra Component file anaex1 cmp Hindcast file anaex1 hdc Residue file anaex Lres TEKAL file anaex 1 tka Start Analysis Figure 4 4 TIDE Analysis subsystem window 4 2 2 Prediction The subsystem
62. ed in terms of k relevant constituents a total of 2k 1 unknowns Ay A and G must be determined or 2k 2 unknowns if Bt is included This is realised by minimisation of the quantity 2 NO W t H t 8 2 J using a least squares technique We have now partly implicitly touched upon four essential aspects of the formulation of the mathematical model that require further attention 1 the measurement interval Nyquist condition 50 of 100 Deltares 8 3 2 8 3 3 Conceptual description 2 the total duration of the registration Rayleigh Criterion 3 astronomical coupling of constituents 4 the least squares solution technique Nyquist condition measurement interval In section 8 1 the general formula for the astronomical tide is given Equation 8 1 The tide is prescribed as the sum of a series of single harmonic functions each with its own frequency local amplitude and local phase lag or improved kappa number The tidal frequencies that are present in the tidal observation fix the frequencies in the tidal model The mathematical model requires that the measurement interval W is at most half the smallest wave period Trin that is present in the signal This is called the Nyquist criterion 1 In the oceans and in coastal seas the discernable tidal frequencies are generally smaller than 180 hour This means that they correspond to wave periods that are larger than 120 minutes So a measurement i
63. elft Tide PREDICT a Ie Monitor Sub series are aE ES INIA File Report Input file prdex1 Print ile prdex1 Predict file prdex1 TEKAL file prdex1 Error Report Number Of Warning Errors Number Of Fatal Errors 2 Press any key to continue _ Figure 5 6 Progress Monitor window for sub system PREDICT Deltares 29 of 100 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 2 3 1 5 2 3 2 5 2 3 3 TIDE User Manual Input files In the cases that a prediction will be performed starting from the results of a former analysis with ANALYSIS the PREDICT GUI will take care of the format of the lt x inp gt file for PRE DICT If you have to prepare an input file for PREDICT by yourself it is necessary to know the exact format of the lt x inp gt file see section A 2 for the format description Output files Computations with PREDICT result in three output files lt name prp gt output print file lt name prd gt output file with predictions lt name tkp gt output for graphical presentations Print file lt x prp gt The print file starts with an exact copy of the input from the input data file described in the previous section Depending on the option chosen by you see section 5 2 1 this is followed by an Input Interpretation Report This contains an interpretation of the parameters from the input file lt x inp gt Some times this print out may be interrupted by error messages for example when built in restrictions of t
64. ents should be selected from the list of the 234 internally available tidal components see Appendix B The name of each component should be entered in upper cast and be left justified on a new line resulting in Ncomp input lines for the set of components In principle this set may be entered in any order of tidal frequency A good habit however is to provide the components in order of increasing tidal frequency There is an important exception in case of coupled components For a group of coupled components the sub components only appear in the following lines Groups of coupled components Ncoupl 1 lines Ncoupl free Ncoupl is the total number of coupled groups in the set of components In section 8 3 4 you will find under which conditions coupling of components is required Condi tion 0 lt Ncoupl lt 10 If Ncoupl gt 0 a series of input lines follow in order to prescribe the coupling in detail If Ncoupl 0 no coupling will be applied The next input line s each define one group of coupled components On each input line the name of the main component is followed by the names of the sub components and the prescribed amplitude and phase relations MAIN 1 SUB 1 Nsub 1 RHO 1 Nsub 1 PSI 1 Nsub 1 MAIN Ncoup SUB Ncoup Nsub Ncoup RHO Ncoup Nsub Ncoup PSI Ncoup Nsub Ncoup one record MAIN i is the name of the main component for group i SUB i j is the name of the sub component j for group i Deltares 61
65. fference in frequency that is too small for proper resolution of both constituents In these cases the smallest is linked to a corresponding main constituent and solved implicitly as part of this main constituent Afterwards the two constituents are decomposed using astronomical relations or nearby information about the relative importance of the two For a detailed description see section 8 3 4 above Registration gaps or unreliable data parts sub series In case of failure of the recording instrument or otherwise partly unreliable data sub series are defined which are separated by gaps These gaps cover the time periods of the unreliable data With separate values for F and Vj u per sub series Ap Bo A and G are determined excluding the gaps Multiple instruments A special case arises if for the registration more than one instrument is used in succession The instrument sub series which my have different sampling intervals are separated by non zero or zero length gaps For each sub series a set of values Ap and Bo is determined while the one set A G is again based on the complete registration Accuracy analysis The tidal analysis includes the computation of a standard deviation as an indication of the quality of the analysis If the proper input options are specified additional quantities are Deltares 53 of 100 8 5 8 6 TIDE User Manual determined which enable a thorough quality assessment of the results
66. groups A date time group consists of a date followed by the time and separated by two blanks The date should be entered in a yymmdd format and the time in a hhmmss format So the complete format for the date time group is yymmdd hhmmss A date time group should always be entered left justified on the input line like text input For example for a time series starting at October 20 1989 14 55 00 you should specify on the input line 891020 145500 The input is subdivided in a number of separate items For each item the number of required input lines will be specified providing you with the information necessary for a complete un derstanding of the input description Understanding the input description will be easier if read the example at the end of this section from time to time The input parameters are printed in bold character type immediately followed by an explana tion of the input If needed the limitation of the sub system with respect to the input parame ters is indicated Header lines 1 lt number of lines lt 20 It is advised to start the input data file with header lines in which you can include some relevant information for this analysis run Relevant information may be the time period of the observations the name of the tidal station the geographical position of the tidal station etc Header lines are recognised by the system by the first character of a record The first character of a header line has to be
67. have to be prepared with results of a former ANALYSIS or PREDICT run by making use of the built in HILOW GUI see section 5 3 1 1 On the basis of the data on the input files the computational process is started At completion one single output print file has been created Besides the actual results this output file can provide you with a complete interpretation of the input Input Interpretation Report if needed For filename conventions see Appendix C For HILOW the following file extensions are defined lt x obs gt observed time series on which tide tables are made lt x hdc gt hindcast time series on which tide tables are made lt x prd gt predicted time series on which tide tables are made lt x inh gt input file with computation parameters Deltares 31 of 100 5 3 1 1 TIDE User Manual lt x prh gt output print file with input report lt x hlw gt output print file with tide tables You can choose from the following options 1 Automatic input processing 2 HILOW from available input file Automatic input processing The HILOW GUI may be very useful while preparing a HILOW input file from the results of a former tidal analysis or from the results of a former tidal prediction In order to run the HILOW GUI first make this sub system the active sub system by selecting option Subsystem High Low GUI from the menu bar The GUI can operate in two modes either from an input file from ANALYSIS or an input fil
68. he first observation of instrument 1 is the date time group of the last observation of instrument 1 is the date time group of the first observation of the last instrument is the date time group of the last observation of the last instrument Deltares Input file formats Sub series 2N sub 1 lines Nsub free Nsub is the total number of sub series in the selected tidal series Condition NV sub lt 10 The minimum is 1 one single series no gaps one instrument T1sub fixed T2sub fixed T1Nsub fixed T2Nsub fixed T1sub is the date time group of the first observation of sub series 1 T2sub is the date time group of the last observation of sub series 1 TiNsub is the date time group of the first observation of the last sub series T2Nsub _ is the date time group of the last observation of the last sub series In the case that a simple one instrument series without any gaps has to be analysed these date time groups will be equal to TB and TE respectively Block filter parameters 1 line Afilter Nfilter Mfilter free Afilter Nfilter and Mfilter are filter parameters for sub system HILOW used for smoothing purposes It is used to separate tidal and non tidal extremes in the time series These proce dures are mainly important for data from measurements which may contain instrumentation errors and meteorological effects Afilter Weight factor for block filter Range 0 01 lt Afilter lt 1 0 Default 0 2 Nfil
69. he main component is essentially larger than the sub components k H t Ap gt A Fj cos wit Vo u Gi 8 6 i l i Ug Ug H Ag ES Lis E H t Ao X Aug Fy 608 yet Vo U u Gre 8 7 1 where T number of groups of astronomically coupled constituents sequence number of the group Ag number of sub components in group solved together with the main compo nent of group Ug index 1 lt vg lt Ae Appendix B gives a list of the astronomical couplings that may have to be made in case of short observation series Well known are the couplings K1 P1 N2 NU2 and S2 K2 In practice you should always try to use amplitude and phase relations based on a long period analysis of a neighbouring station Only if such information is not available you may resort to equilibrium tide relations given in Appendix B amplitude relation is prescribed phase relation is equal to zero Remarks You should always resolve the constituents of these three groups independently if the series is sufficiently long It is strongly advised not to perform an analysis on a series that is shorter than 30 days e g 15 days In such an analysis too many constituents have to be coupled which makes the mathematical model too rigid The best results are obtained with observation periods corresponding to the so called synodic periods of one month six months and one year 52 of 100 Deltares 8 3 5 8 4 8 4 1
70. he software are violated or when the set of input parameters is internally inconsistent The print file will continue with the computed time frames for the sub series This is followed by the presentation of the results per sub series For each sub series a table of the computed astronomical arguments Vo u and the nodal factor F for the given set of components is printed all relative to the middle time point of the sub series This is followed by the computed time series for the prediction for that sub series The print file ends with a table of computed minima and maxima per sub series Predict file lt x prd gt The PREDICT output file lt x prd gt starts with an exact copy of the plus header lines from your input data file to identify the data set This is followed by the predicted values 6 values per record line without any interruption The transition points of sub series are not recognis able TEKAL file lt x tkp gt The TEKAL output file lt tkp gt starts with an exact copy of the plus header lines from your input data file to identify the data set Next this output file contains the time series of time and predicted values in the format needed for presentation on a plotter or on the screen This data file is required for doing graphics The predicted time series on this file is always in original form so without correction for mean value 30 of 100 Deltares 5 2 4 5 3 5 3 1 General operation of the TIDE s
71. ict the local water level H t at any time Conversely if at a location a series of tidal observations W tj is known the above formula can be used in a least squares analysis to estimate the constants Ay A and Gi Deltares 49 of 100 8 2 8 3 8 3 1 TIDE User Manual Tidal current The tidal current horizontal tide and the water level vertical tide are two appearances of the same tidal phenomenon The local behaviour of the current components can also be described in terms of a series of simple harmonic constituents So Equation 8 1 holds also for currents with generally the same constituents same w frequency but with its own values for Ap A and G Tidal analysis of current component registrations is analogous to analysis of water level ob servations With Ag A and G known for the components of a current vector a prediction of the tidal current can again be made for any given period in the past or future Remarks Inthe remainder of this User Manual only water levels are mentioned All sub systems and all theory apply equally well to the scalar components of current observa tions Since the tidal current is a vector quantity you must first split it into orthogonal components e g North and East current components These scalars can then be treated just as water levels This holds for all concepts in this manual tidal analysis sets of components tidal prediction tables of times and values
72. idal prediction in meters For the new unit the sub system automatically computes the correct scaling for the tidal constituents Available units for water levels are centimetres meters inches and decimal feet e g 4 1 feet For velocities corresponding units are available Prediction from available input file In order to run PREDICT first make this sub system the active sub system by selecting option Predict from the Subsyst menu in the Main Menu Note Be aware that the input file should satisfy the default extension as defined for PREDICT input files If not please rename the files At any time the filenames for the selected input files can be read as displayed on the main window In addition the names of the output files are shown as derived from the name of the input file lt inp gt applying the default extensions for result files See section 5 2 3 and Figure 5 5 After starting the sub system the progress will be displayed by the Progress Monitor see Figure 5 6 At the end of the run a report of the number of warnings and or fatal errors is shown For an explanation of these warnings errors please browse your print file 28 of 100 Deltares General operation of the TIDE subsystems File Subsystem Help Directory D Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide prediction example_1 prdex1 inp prdex1 prp prdex1 prd Figure 5 5 Overview of input and output files for sub system PREDICT Ml D
73. indow The names of the output files are shown as derived from the name of the input file lt inh gt applying the default extensions for result files See section 5 3 3 and Figure 5 8 By pressing the button Start High Low the subsystem will start After starting the subsystem the progress will be displayed by the Progress Monitor see Figure 5 9 At the end of the run report the number of warning and or fatal errors is shown For an explanation of these warnings errors please browse your print file Input files The format for the observation time series file lt x obs gt is described in section A 1 and for the input file lt x inh gt is described in section A 3 Deltares 33 of 100 5 3 2 1 5 3 2 2 5 3 3 5 3 3 1 TIDE User Manual E Delft Tide HILOW E ile Report npu ile hlwex1 inh Time Series file PE lwex1 prh e boca i hie rror Report umber Of Warning Errors umber Of Fatal Errors Figure 5 9 Progress Monitor window for sub system HILOW Time series files lt obs gt lt x prd gt or lt x hdc gt This file contains the time series for which the Tide Tables will be made executing HILOW Usually high low water tables are generated for o observations e g as analysed in ANALYSIS hindcasts e g an output series of ANALYSIS predicted time series e g an output series of PREDICT These data files contain the time series that will be processed in HILOW Input data file
74. ise select the menu option File gt Open The actual sub system is shown in the window title see Figure 5 2 Deltares 21 of 100 TIDE User Manual e Gy TIDE Analysis MEN File Subsystem Help Directory d Deltares Delft3D 4 01 00 tutorial tide analysis example_1 Input files Input file anaex Lina Observation file hvh obs Output files Print file anaex1 pra Component file anaex1 cmp Hindcast file anaex1 hdc Residue file anaex Lres TEKAL file anaex 1 tka Start Analysis Figure 5 2 Overview of input and output files for sub system Analysis Below follows a summary of the ANALYSIS output files Print file lt name pra gt output print file Component file lt name cmp gt output file with specific information about tidal components Hindcast file lt name hdc gt output file with hindcast time series Residue file lt name res gt output file with residual time series TEKAL file lt name tka gt output file for graphical presentations where name is the filename of the input file lt x ina gt Note Be aware that the input files must satisfy the default extensions as defined for Analysis input files When this is not the case please rename the files At any time the filenames of the selected input files and the names of the output files are shown as derived from the name of the input file lt ina gt See section 5 1 3 and Figure 5 2 gt Press the button Start Analysis After starting th
75. l process For most applications the numerical process is sufficiently stable in that it will result in an accurate solution with VV1 VV2 If there is a significant difference between these two parameters first check your input There may be errors or inconsistencies in the set of input parameters which will cause the difference 24 of 100 Deltares 5 1 3 2 General operation of the TIDE subsystems between VV 1 and VV 2 The standard deviation represents an estimate for the standard deviation of the residues that is the difference of observation and hindcast over the period of analysis It gives an indication how well the hindcast fits the observed data Recapitulating from V V 1 and V V 2 conclusions can be drawn about the numerical accuracy of the solution in terms of the numerical solution method used The standard deviation indi cates how well the mathematical model with the selected set of components fits the provided data observations If you choose the option that provides an accuracy analysis for the computed results a table of estimated mean errors per tidal component in terms of cosines and sines see section 8 4 5 will be printed Ideally the mean errors should have roughly equal magnitude Components with strongly differing mean errors normally appear in pairs indicating that the Rayleigh cri terion is violated so they could not be resolved independently You should either apply astro nomical coupling of the two or
76. lenames Memory of PREDICT increased to 550 000 a prediction of one year with a time interval of one minue is now possible 550 000 gt 531 360 369 x 24 x 60 Maximum memory allocation for dynamic storage increased to 550 000 Number of time series for Standard Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier trans form is increased to 550 000 to support the synodic period of 369 0 days Deltares 3 of 100 TIDE User Manual 4 of 100 Deltares 2 2 1 2 2 Introduction to TIDE In most continental shelf seas coastal seas and estuarine areas the astronomical tide is the main driving force of the water motion At times equally important is the motion induced by meteorological phenomena like wind and storms Consequently for almost all activities along the coast and offshore a sound knowledge and understanding of the behaviour of water level and current is required Tidal analysis and tidal prediction are of great help in this Local water level or current registrations of at least one month can be analysed to separate the astronomical part from the meteorologically induced part of the observation The so obtained tidal constants fully determine the local tide and can be used to predict the astronomical water level or current respectively for any period in the past or future Deltares program system TIDE has been especially designed to perform tidal analysis and tidal prediction for various complicated situations It has been u
77. ltares p o box 177 2600 MH Delft TIDE Analysis and prediction of tides Example 2 from Tutorial PREDICTION PREDICTION HOOK OF HOLLAND 000000 000229 230000 CM 60 SA MSO 201 Qi Di M1 P1 si K1 3MKS2 3MS2 0Q2 MNS2 2ML252 NLK2 MU2 N2 NU2 MSK2 MPS2 M2 MSP2 MKS2 LABDA2 2MN2 T2 S2 K2 MSN2 2SM2 SKM2 2MK3 MK3 3MS4 MN4 2MLS4 M4 2MKS4 SN4 3MN4 MS4 Deltares se be QARyNRA y Ne El NR0O0O0OR DR 350 410 524 988 974 455 336 328 666 782 462 489 278 681 552 806 TTT 474 521 504 405 543 735 769 105 339 197 273 722 127 972 695 935 661 063 086 503 455 925 396 433 183 42 31 146 190 41 348 285 325 318 359 186 355 68 204 57 55 271 168 85 53 245 97 289 131 144 149 355 24 18 188 291 244 133 317 162 294 249 356 217 51 59 NB 04 07 EL NOV 1999 FEB 2000 69 of 100 A 3 TIDE User Manual MK4 2 301 212 0 2MSN4 1 502 58 4 S4 1 073 288 6 3MK5 1 353 210 2 2MP5 808 301 7 3M05 1 625 14 1 3MNS6 1 083 226 7 4MS6 1 288 251 0 2MN6 2 187 98 2 2MNU6 987 100 7 M6 4 245 129 8 2MS6 3 607 188 0 2MK6 1 018 173 5 3MN8 1 627 193 7 M8 2 270 225 5 2MSN8 1 417 259 4 3MS8 3 154 277 9 2 MS 8 1 300 337 5 2 MS N10 016 37 8 60 4 991101 000000 4 20 991201 000000 4 20 000101 000000 4 20 000201 000000 4 20 oooo HIL
78. m a aoao a 2 eee mr rar ee a 8 3 4 Astronomical coupling oaa a 00002 ee eae 8 3 5 Least squares solution technique ooo a a a Special features ck ke a a dad a DAT TOWNE dc e e aa E O e Ee A 8 4 2 Astronomically coupled constituents ooo a a 8 4 3 Registration gaps or unreliable data parts sub series 8 4 4 Multiple instruments aoaaa a 8 4 5 Accuracy analysis aoaaa eee ee ee Tidal p ediction lt s ssa scs e ee 0 BR hees ierdie Tide tables 2 0 ooo References A Input file formats A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 ANALYSIS 49 Nse PREDIGD coria O ra OM ee oe HILOW soais o a ee IR ee ee Ee amp ASC N cba eee ee ES O cee ee ee wg FOURIER 53a MH oo B List of tidal components internal component base C Filename conventions Gal C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 ANALYSIS C SERE ww ee PREDICTGUI RO 2 ee ee PREDICT isos ro A BO SOR Roe ek ee ea Da HILOW GU A A HILOW GBP ASCON PA Vd ee FOURIER 4 VB D Messages from TIDE D 1 D2 D 3 D 4 D 5 ANA Sl A a D 1 1 errormessages WO D 1 28 Warnings WR e PREDICT o c o o Soe Poe ek Pe oe ede oe be ge ae ees D 3 1 hor messagg 2 as D 3 2 Infoffessages 2 ASGON ON AA NN FOURIER gt oso re A e ced E Content of the TIDE tutorial cases Ei E 2 E3 E 4 ES Deltares ANALYSIS o
79. m number of data per instrument equals 3 Maximum memory allocation for dynamic storage equals 550000 memory words OONOOARWND PREDICT The formula for astronomical tide prediction is k H t Ao Ss AF cos wit Vo u Gi 5 1 i 1 in which H t predicted water level at time t 26 of 100 Deltares 5 2 1 General operation of the TIDE subsystems Ao mean water level k number of relevant constituents 1 index of a constituent A local tidal amplitude of a constituent F nodal amplitude factor Wi angular velocity Vo u astronomical argument Gi improved kappa number local phase lag The values for Ag A and G for the selected constituents are input variables The system computes Vo u and F for each constituent for the period of prediction Output is a time series H t For a more detailed introduction see section 8 1 and 8 5 Running the system gt Start TIDE see chapter 3 The User Interface will pop up To set the sub system to PREDICT gt Select Subsystem Predict gt GUI see Figure 5 7 Subsystem Help Analysis 01 00 tutorial tide pre Prediction gt Y GUI High Low gt Calculation Figure 5 4 Menu option Subsystem Predict GUI The actual sub system is shown as window title PREDICT operates in a file oriented way That means that input files have to be prepared before you can start the system successfully You can prepare an input file either
80. mat means that the input should be placed in certain column ranges column fields Text format means any text as long as it is left justified on the input line start in column 1 Pay attention to the maximum number of characters on input which may vary per input 70 of 100 Deltares Input file formats In the input file several date time groups for start and end of time periods have to be entered A date time group consists of a date followed by the time and separated by two blanks The date should be entered in a yymmdd format and the time in a hhmmss format So the complete format for the date time group is yymmdd hhmmss A date time group should always be entered left justified on the input line like text input For example for a time series starting at October 20 1989 14 55 00 you should specify on the input line 891020 145500 The input is subdivided in a number of separate items For each item the number of required input lines will be specified This should provide you with just that extra bit of information necessary for a complete understanding of the input description The input description will be understood more easily if you consult the input example at the end of this section from time to time Below we give a systematic record for record explanation of the structure of the input data file The relevant input parameters are printed in bold character type immediately followed by an explanation of the input
81. menu l Select working directory Figure 3 3 Selection window for Hydrodynamics Before continuing with any of the selections of this Hydrodynamics including morphology window you must select the directory in which you are going to prepare scenarios and execute computations 8 of 100 Deltares Getting started Lookin D PeltaresiDelft3D 4 1 0 JOOOU HB yA My Computer e manuals J source R mooiman a tutorial J win32 Directory Files of type Directories Figure 3 4 Select working directory window Lookin _ D Deltares Delft30 4 01 00 tutorialtide analysis JOOOU HB de My Computer de example_1 o M example_2 R mooiman B example 3 a example 4 Directory Files of type Directories Figure 3 5 Select working directory window to set the working directory to lt tide analysis example_1 gt Click the Select working directory button Next the Select working directory window Figure 3 4 is displayed your current directory may differ depending on the location of your Delft3D installation gt Browse to the lt Tutorial gt sub directory gt Enter the lt tide gt directory and next the lt analysis gt directory gt Enter the lt example_1 gt sub directory and close the Select working directory window by clicking OK see Figure 3 5 Next the Hydrodynamics including
82. mponent base Component Angular Amplitude in Amplitude Name Frequency equilibrium tide coupling relation degr hour MNK6 87 5059710 4MN6 87 4966873 MKNU6 87 5788246 2 MS K6 87 8860711 2MS6 87 9682084 2MK6 88 0503457 2SN6 88 4397295 3MSN6 88 5125831 MKL6 88 5947204 2SM6 88 9841042 MSK6 89 0662415 S6 90 0000000 2MNO7 100 3509735 2NMK7 100 9046319 M7 101 4490066 2MSO7 101 9112440 MSKO7 103 0092771 2 MN 8 114 8476674 3MN8 115 3920421 3MNKS8 115 4741794 M8 115 9364168 2MSN8 116 4079379 2MNK8 116 4900752 3MS8 116 9523126 3MK8 117 0344499 2SNM8 117 4238337 MSNK8 117 5059710 2 MS 8 117 9682084 2MSK8 118 0503457 3SM8 118 9841042 2SMK8 119 0662415 8 120 0000000 2 MN K9 129 8887361 3MNK9 130 4331108 4MK9 130 9774855 3MSK9 131 9933813 4MN10 144 3761463 M10 144 9205210 3MSN10 145 3920421 4MS10 145 9364168 2 MS N10 146 4079379 2MNSK10 146 4900752 3M2S10 146 9523126 4MSK11 160 9774855 M12 173 9046253 4MSN12 174 3761463 5MS12 174 9205210 3MNKS12 175 4741794 4M2S12 175 9364168 Deltares 83 of 100 TIDE User Manual 84 of 100 Deltares C Filename conventions C 1 C 2 C 3 When you execute the TIDE software you will be prompted for the names of data files to be selected from file lists in menu boxes For TIDE the following compulsory extensions are defined ANALYSIS Input files lt x ina gt lt x 0bs gt Output files lt x pra gt lt x cmp gt lt x hdc gt lt x res gt lt x tka
83. n levels given your linear change is to make a prediction with all amplitudes equal to zero This should result in a monotonously increasing positive trend or decreasing negative trend straight line The presence of jumps at the transition of sub series easily detected from your output file lt x prp gt requires reconsideration of the mean levels that you applied in those sub series A similar slightly more complicated situation occurs if the linear trend information comes from a computation with ANALYSIS in which more than one instrument more than one trend played a role Remark You don t have to specify the end of the entered sub series Each sub series ends one time step before the first value of the next sub series resulting in a continuous overall series As stated above the parameters T1 A B on these input lines are bound to specific column fields Parameter T1sub is a date time group so should be entered in the 14 leftmost columns 68 of 100 Deltares Input file formats Parameter A should be in column field 15 24 and parameter B in column field 25 34 Always use a floating point representation when entering values for A and B only then it does not matter where you put the value in the assigned column field Remark o The PREDICT Input Processor automatically generates sub series of length 1 month Example input file The Tutorial PREDICT Example 2 lt prdex2 inp gt file 991101 De
84. name of each component should be entered in upper cast and be left justified on a new line resulting in Ncomp input lines for the set of components In principle this set may be entered in any order of tidal frequency A good habit however is to provide the components in order of increasing tidal frequency Groups of coupled components 1 Ncoupl lines Remark If this is a new and specially made HILOW input file just enter 0 Then proceed to the line with Nins Ncoupl free Ncoupl is the total number of coupled groups in the set of components In section 8 3 4 you will find under which conditions coupling of components is required Condi tion 0 lt Ncoupl lt 10 If Ncoupl gt 0 a series of input lines follow in order to prescribe the coupling in detail If Ncoupl 0 no coupling will be applied The next input line s each define one group of coupled components On an input line the 72 of 100 Deltares Input file formats name of the main component is supposed to be followed by the names of the sub components and the prescribed amplitude and phase relations MAIN 1 SUB 1 Nsub 1 RHO 1 Nsub 1 PSI 1 Nsub 1 MAIN Ncoup SUB Ncoup Nsub Ncoup RHO Ncoup Nsub Ncoup PSI Ncoup Nsub Ncoup one record MAIN i is the name of the main component for group i SUB i j is the name of the sub component j for group i RHO i j is the estimated amplitude ratio between sub component j of group i and the m
85. nterval of W t 60 minutes 1 hour will satisfy In complicated river and estuarine situations much higher frequencies may occur The water level in the Gironde river in France is characterised by periodic fluctuations with frequencies of 720 degrees per hour which are of tidal origin These frequencies correspond to wave periods of 30 minutes requiring a tidal measurement interval of 15 minutes or less In practice the absence of tidal energy at the 12th diurnal band with frequencies roughly 180 hour see Appendix B forms a guarantee that a measurement interval of 60 minutes is satisfactory Rayleigh criterion The duration of a tidal observation generally called the observation length will vary from case to case This means that the resolvability of independent constituents each having its own fixed frequency varies from situation to situation as well In order to be able to resolve all constituents accurately their frequencies must differ from one another by at least 3602 T in which T is the duration of the observation in hours Aw 8 4 This criterion is known as the Rayleigh criterion Aw is also the smallest Fourier frequency component that can be resolved for a given time series In practice the observation length is given and cannot easily be changed The Rayleigh cri terion then restricts the number of constituents that can be prescribed independently For example with a 30 days registration
86. o indicated components in your selected set have same tidal frequency That is not permitted Remove one of the indicated components INPUT AND DATA SET ARE INCONSISTENT W R T SUB SERIES In the input file you have specified date time groups for beginning and end of the sub series These time specifications should agree with the actual sub series as present on your lt obs gt file In case of inconsistent specification parts of the gaps periods between sub series may become involved in the harmonic analysis To enable the sub system to check for this situation we advise to fill the gaps with unrealistic large numbers say 99999 or actually any number gt 1000 During the computation the sub series will be checked for these unrealistic numbers Presence of these numbers indicates that parts of gaps are involved in the sub series resulting in the error message above Check the Input Interpretation Report on your lt x pri gt file Make the time specifications for the sub series on your input file con sistent with the lt x obs gt file Note if the values of the real observations exceed 1000 e g when they are given in e g millimetres or have a very high mean we sug gest an overall offset for the observations to realise values below 1000 Of course the mean level and the hindcast should afterwards be adjusted for the applied correction READ ERROR ON OBS FILE While reading the lt obs gt file a read error occurred Normall
87. of publications and related material on the TIDE module Appendix A Input file formats gives a description of the input file formats of the subsystems ANALYSIS PREDICT HILOW and ASCON Appendix B List of tidal components internal component base gives a description of all the tidal components use in TIDE 234 component name frequency h amplitude in equilibrium tide and amplitude coupling relations Appendix C Filename conventions the required file name convention for each subsystem of TIDE is given Appendix D Messages from TIDE the error warning and informative messages of TIDE are given in this appendix Deltares 1 of 100 TIDE User Manual Appendix E Content of the TIDE tutorial cases the content of the tutorials for TIDE is given in this appendix 1 2 Manual version A manual applies to a certain release of the related numerical program This manual applies to TIDE version 5 00 1 3 Typographical conventions Throughout this manual the following conventions in text formats help you to distinguish be tween different types of text elements Example Description Waves Title of a window or sub window Boundaries Sub windows are displayed in the Module window and cannot be moved Windows can be moved independently from the Mod ule window such as the Visualisation Area window Save Item from a menu title of a push button or the name of a user interface input field Upon selecting thi
88. of the first observation H 1 of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above Deltares 71 of 100 TIDE User Manual yymmdd _ hhmmss left justified on the input line TE is the date time group of the last observation H N obs of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above yymmdd _ hhmmss left justified on the input line UNIT is the description text for the unit of the observations This text is only used for generating appropriate header lines in the output files No internal conversions will follow The maximum number of characters is 8 Example CM WATER Options 1 line INFO 1 5 free INFO is an option array with 5 options used only in ANALYSIS The explanation of INFO is not further explained here You must enter a line with 5 integer numbers here Selection of component set Ncomp 1 lines Remarks If this is a new and specially made HILOW input file just enter 1 If this is a new and specially made HILOW input file just enter M2 Then proceed to the line with Ncoupl Ncomp free COMP 1 text COMP Ncomp text Ncomp is the total number of selected main components Condition Ncomp lt 234 COMP i represents the name of component i from the selected set of components The components should be selected from the list of the 234 internally available tidal components see Appendix B The
89. of the tutorials as distributed with Delft3D 7 1 ANALYSIS For the ANALYSIS subsystem 4 examples are given 7 1 1 Example 1 Tidal Station Hook of Holland Location Coastal station North Sea Period year 1980 month of April Number of components 37 Number of coupling groups 3 Number of instruments 1 Number of sub series 1 Trend linear variation no Accuracy analysis no Graphics file no Remarks O The dataset with the observations contains hourly data for all of 1980 Only the data for the month of April are used in the tidal analysis The print file of this example contains a number of warning for the violation of the Rayleigh criterion This example represents the situation that there are constituents which are formally too close in frequency Aw 0 4715 requiring an observation length of 360 24 x 0 4711 31 9 days You should either apply astronomical cou pling see section 8 3 4 or drop one of the two constituents Given the nature of the least squares solution method however a 90 satisfaction of the Rayleigh criterion is almost always acceptable This is the example here If the computation is redone with observation length 32 days or more the Rayleigh criterion is formally satisfied no warnings In the present example the results will be practically the same 7 1 2 Example 2 Tidal Station Hook of Holland Location Coastal station North Sea Period full year 1980 Number of components 60 Number
90. options 2 2 00 eee ee 16 TIDE High Low water GUI subsystem window 17 TIDE High Low water subsystem window 18 TIDE Ascon subsystem window 2 2 ee ee es 18 Subsystem Fourier menu options c o 202002 ee 19 TIDE Standard Fourier Transform subsystem window 19 TIDE Fast Fourier Transform subsystem window 20 Subsystem menu options 2 e 20 Menu option Subsystem Analysis aooaa 21 Overview of input and output files for sub system Analysis 22 Progress Monitor window for sub system ANALYSIS 23 Menu option Subsystem gt Predict gt GUI o 27 Overview of input and output files for sub system PREDICT 29 Progress Monitor window for sub system PREDICT 29 Menu option Subsystem gt High Llow gt GUI 0 00005 31 Overview of input and output files for sub system HILOW 33 Progress Monitor window for sub system HILOW 34 Subsytem gt Ascon selected 20 ee 4 2 36 Overview of input and output files for subsystem ASCON 37 Progress Monitor window for sub system ASCON 37 Menu Subsystem Fourier gt Fourier SFT 0 ee ee 40 vii TIDE User Manual viii Deltares 1 1 Guide to this manual Introduction This User Manual concerns the tidal
91. ormat means that it makes no difference where you put the input on the line taking into account the order Fixed format means that the input should be placed in a certain column range column fields Text format means that you may enter any text but left justified on the input line start in column 1 Pay attention to the maximum number of characters on input which may vary per input record In the input file several date time groups for start and end of time periods have to be entered A date time group consists of a date followed by the time and separated by two blanks The date should be entered in a yymmdd format and the time in a hhmmss format So the complete format for the date time group is yymmdd hhmmss A date time group should always be entered left justified on the input line like text input For example for a time series starting at October 20 1989 14 55 00 you should specify on the input line 891020 145500 The input is subdivided into a number of separate items For each item the number of required input lines will be specified providing you with just that extra bit of information necessary for a complete understanding of the input description The input description will be understood more easily if you consult the input example at the end of this section from time to time Below we give a systematic record for record explanation for the input data file The input parameters are printed in bold type immediately
92. ow gt sub directory lt example_1 gt with files o lt hlwex1 inh gt O lt prdex1 prd gt sub directory lt example_2 gt with files O lt hiwex2 inh gt O lt anaex2 hdc gt sub directory lt example_3 gt with files O lt hlwex3 inh gt O lt bermuda obs gt Deltares 97 of 100 E 4 E 5 TIDE User Manual ASCON For sub system ASCON in directory lt tutorial tide ascon gt sub directory lt example_1 gt with file o lt ascex1 inc gt sub directory lt example_2 gt with file Oo lt ascex2 inc gt FOURIER For sub system FOURIER in directory lt tutorial tide fourier gt sub directory lt example_1 gt with file O lt anaex3 res gt sub directory lt example_2 gt with file O lt sft_fouex2 res gt sub directory lt example_3 gt with file o lt fft_fouex3 res gt 98 of 100 Deltares Deltares systems PO Box 177 31 0 88 335 81 88 2600 MH Delft sales deltaressystems nl Rotterdamseweg 185 www deltaressystems nl 2629 HD Delft The Netherlands
93. print file lt prp gt ERROR 1 END TIME lt BEGIN TIME Explanation This error arises when the input specification indicates that the date time group TB of the start of the prediction is later in time then the date time group TE for the end Remedy Verify and adjust the date time groups ERROR 2 NUMBER OF COMPONENTS SHOULD BE BETWEEN 1 AND 234 Explanation The number of components Ncomp exceeds the maximum avail able number of components in the internal component base 234 Remedy Select any number of components in the range 1 234 Note that the names of the components must be spelled conform the list in Appendix B ERROR 3 NUMBER OF SUBSERIES SHOULD BE BETWEEN 1 AND 100 Explanation You chose a number of sub series Nsub not between 1 and 100 Remedy Reduce the number of sub series If necessary define sub series longer than two months some loss of accuracy or make several computation runs ERROR 4 TIME LEVEL FOR SUBSERIES OUT OF RANGE Explanation The date time for the start of one of the sub series T1sub is outside the time range TB TE for the prediction Remedy Verify your input and ensure that the start times of the sub series lie within the time range TB TE of the prediction Deltares 93 of 100 D 3 D 3 1 TIDE User Manual ERROR 5 Explanation Remedy ERROR 6 Explanation Remedy HILOW START OF SUBSERIES SHOULD BE ON A FULL HOUR OR A MULTIPLE OF THE TIME STEP AFTER A FULL HOUR
94. remove one of them if coupling is not possible Depending on the options chosen a table with results on the auto correlation of the residues is next Ideally the time series of the residue will behave like white noise From the statistical parameters in this table conclusions can be drawn how well the frequency spectrum of the residue corresponds to the ideal white noise The print file concludes with a report giving the dynamic memory usage an error report and a file report From the report on memory usage you can derive the memory words for dynamic storage that were unused This may be useful information when you are considering a rerun with more components and or more observations Component file lt x cmp gt The component file lt cmp gt starts with a copy of the plus header lines from the input data file lt ina gt and the observation file lt obs gt which serve as an identification of this file The component file lt x cmp gt consists of two blocks of results one block with results per instrument and the second block with information per sub series In the instruments block you will find the time step and the mean level of the observations which are computed for each instrument separately If computed J NV FO 4 1 the linear trend for the instrument will be added to this block The block for sub series contains one or more tables with the computed amplitudes and phases as well as the applied astronomical arguments
95. rs is indicated Header lines 1 lt number of lines lt 20 It is advised to start the input data file with header lines in which you can include some relevant information for this prediction run Relevant information may be the time period of the observations the name of the tidal station the geographical position of the tidal station etc Header lines are recognised by the system by the first character of a record The first character of a header line has to be or If the first character of a header line is this header line will be copied to the output files If the first character of a header line is this header line will not be copied to the output files HEADER 1 text HEADER Nheader text HEADER i is the i th header line at the start of the input data file Nheader lt 20 The maximum information per line is 255 characters 66 of 100 Deltares Input file formats Time period for prediction 3 lines TB fixed TE fixed UNIT text TB is the date time group of the first observation H 1 of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above yymmdd _ hhmmss left justified on the input line TE is the date time group of the last observation H N obs of the observation time series The date time should be entered in the format given above yymmdd _ hhmmss left justified on the input line UNIT is the description text for the unit of
96. rve your attention because something may be wrong This holds especially for the warnings regarding the time interval of the data and those on the violation of the Rayleigh criterion Warnings are also added to the print file lt x pra gt In the editor you can easily search for the keywords ERROR and WARNING in order to find all error messages respec tively warnings Error messages A list of all error messages is given below Only the first line of the error message on your print file is printed here The error messages in the Input Interpretation Report on the PRA file contain much more information The explanations should guide you in the interpretation of the error The remedies give hints and advice on how to remove the error ERROR 1 INCORRECT TIMESPEC FOR TIDAL SERIES Explanation The end of the tidal series H 1 Nobs precedes the start of the series Remedy Verify the input ensure that the start time precedes the end time ERROR 2 NUMBER OF MAIN COMPONENTS TOO LARGE Explanation The actual number of main components exceeds 234 Remedy Reduce the number of main components to less than or equal to the maximum available 234 components ERROR 3 TOO MANY GROUPS IN COUPLED COMPONENTS Explanation The actual number of coupled groups of components should not ex ceed 10 Remedy Reduce the number of groups to less than or equal to 10 by leaving out the ones you consider less important ERROR 4 MAIN COMPONENT IN COUPLED GROUP INCO
97. s important one of the two 92 of 100 Deltares Messages from TIDE WARNING 2 TIME STEP MAY BE INCORRECT Explanation From the input specifications for each instrument the time step mea surement interval will be reconstructed For you the correct speci fication of sequence numbers and corresponding time specifications for the instruments is always a rather error prone affair Fortunately the software provides a check to see whether the computed time step satisfies one of the time steps commonly used in tidal analysis These are time steps of 10 15 30 or 60 minutes In the output this appears as At 0 1666 0 2500 0 5000 or 1 0000 hours If one of the computed time steps is not exactly equal to one of these built in time steps a warning will be printed Due to limited accuracy of com puters it is possible that the fourth decimal differs from these built in time steps In that case the warning should be ignored Remedy Convince yourself whether the warning is caused by incorrect input specification of date time groups or whether the clock of the record ing instrument has been off In the latter case the time step is correct the system can correct for this instrument error In the first case correct the input PREDICT In PREDICT six error messages are implemented and no warnings After a complete screen ing of the input data the system will abort if any errors are detected A list of the detected errors is added to the
98. s item click or in some cases double click with the left mouse button on it a related action will be executed in most cases it will result in displaying some other sub window In case of an input field you are supposed to enter input data of the required format and in the required domain lt tutorial wave swan curvi gt Directory names filenames and path names are ex lt siu mdw gt pressed between angle brackets lt gt For the Linux and UNIX environment a forward slash is used in stead of the backward slash for PCs 27 08 1999 Data to be typed by you into the input fields are dis played between double quotes Selections of menu items option boxes etc are de scribed as such for instance select Save and go to the next window delft3d menu Commands to be typed by you are given in the font Courier New 10 points gt gt User actions are indicated with this arrow m s Units are given between square brackets when used next to the formulae Leaving them out might result in misinterpretation 1 4 Changes with respect to previous versions 2 of 100 Deltares Guide to this manual Version Description 1 0 5 header lines were expected in all input files without any restriction to the first character of each header line 2 01 a is inserted as first character in each header line 5 00 New overall GUI to support spaces in directories and fi
99. sed extensively in numerous studies at more than 400 locations world wide The following sections give an extensive description of the various sub systems Section 5 1 ANALYSIS Tidal analysis of observed series Section 5 2 PREDICT Tidal prediction Section 5 3 HILOW Preparation of tide tables Section 5 4 ASCON Calculation of astronomical factors Section 5 5 FOURIER Fourier analysis of time series standard and fast Fourier trans form Chapter6 Graphics Graphical presentation of time series or spectral series using Delft3D QUICKPLOT and GPP It includes a general introduction on how to run the system a step by step description of the input file s how to interpret the output files and remedies a list of error messages and warnings including explanations is given in Appendix D Global description of the sub systems Analysis Harmonic analysis of tidal observation registrations Options astronomical cou pling multiple instruments sub series to account for data gaps linear trend accuracy analysis Predict Prediction of tidal water levels or tidal currents for given periods on the basis of a set of tidal constants Hilow Preparation of tide tables tables with times and heights of high and low water for the period of the supplied time series The latter may be an observation a hindcast or a prediction Ascon Computation of tidal frequencies astronomical arguments and nodal factors for any tidal component and any date
100. ter Measure for the width of the block filter in terms of the number of values preceding or following The width of the filter follows from 2Nfilter 1 Range 1 lt Nfilter lt 6 Default 2 Mfilter Number of iterations for the block filter Range 1 lt Mfilter lt 3 Default 2 We advise to start with the indicated default values for the filter parameters In almost all situations these defaults will satisfy and give only real tidal maxima and minima If this is not the case for instance if meteorological effects have given rise to extra extremes in the observed time series that you are considering rerun the computation with larger values of the filter parameters In ANALYSIS the block filters are not used With this extra input line this input file will also and without changes serve as the input file for high low water computations with HILOW either for the present observation series or the corresponding hindcast series Deltares 63 of 100 TIDE User Manual Examples input files The Tutorial ANALYSIS Example 3 lt anaex3 ina gt file Deltares p o box 177 2600 MH Delft TIDE Analysis and prediction of tides Example 3 from Tutorial ANALYSIS TIDAL ANALYSIS Centre point Bermuda Triangle JUNE 1989 720 890601 000000 890630 230000 CM WATER 1 0 1 1 0 26 201 Qi Di M1 K1 Ji 001 3MS2 MNS2 MU2 N2 M2 L2 s2 MSN2 25M2 MO3 M3 2MNS4 MN4 M4 SN4 MS4 35M4 3M05 M6 S2 K2 0 284 0 00 N2 N
101. th the residue 2 same as INFO 1 1 but time series above are corrected for mean level per instrument Explanation The three time series are plotted in one frame For scaling purposes it is desirable that the time series to be plotted have approximately the same mean value The mean levels for observation and hindcast are the same per definition the mean of the residue in tidal analysis equals zero So if the mean of observation hindcast differs sig nificantly from zero application of this last option will allow a better scaling of the graphical output 60 of 100 Deltares Input file formats INFO 2 0 matrix of normal equations will not be printed 1 matrix of normal equations will be printed provides some extra infor mation in case of numerical problems INFO 3 0 no accuracy analysis an accuracy analysis will be performed comprising the estimation of mean errors for amplitudes and phases as well as the auto correlation of the residue INFO 4 0 it is assumed that there is no linear change linear trend in the mean level of the observations 1 a linear change of mean level will be computed for each instrument INFO 5 inactive option Selection of component set Ncomp 1 lines Ncomp free COMP 1 text COMP Ncomp text Ncomp is the total number of selected main components Condition Ncomp lt 234 COMP i represents the name of component i from the selected set of components The compon
102. the observations This text is only used for generating appropriate header lines in the output files No internal conversions will follow The maximum number of characters is 8 Example CM WATER Nobs is the total number of observations to be read from the lt x obs gt file file with observations Reading always start from the first observation on the lt obs gt file Since the observation file also starts with a five line identification header this is the first number on the sixth line of the lt obs gt file From the lt obs gt file the tidal series H Nobs will be read Names amplitudes and phases of the component set Ncomp 1 lines The station dependent amplitudes and phases may come from the Admiralty Tide Tables UKHO annual but are often originating from ANALYSIS In that case it is advised to use the PREDICT Input Processor Ncomp free COMP 1 A 1 G 1 fixed COMP Ncomp A Ncomp G Ncomp fixed Ncomp is the total number of components that you want to use in the prediction There is no restriction on the number all 234 internally available components may be used COMP i represent the names of the selected set of components All components have to be chosen from the set of available components in Appendix B The format is A8 They must be entered in upper cast capital letters A i represents the amplitudes for the station The unit in which the amplitudes are expressed fixes the unit of the prediction
103. the time series of the computed residues The residues are defined as observations minus hindcasts The time period for the residues is the same as for the tidal series from the lt x obs gt file so from date time begin TB until date time end TE Graphics data file lt tka gt The graphics file lt x tka gt starts with a copy of the plus header lines from the input data file lt x ina gt and the observation file lt obs gt which serve as an identification of this file This file contains the time series of time hindcast observation and residue in the format that is needed for presentation using Delft3D QUICKPLOT or GPP The time series on this file are in original form or corrected for mean depending on the choice for input parameter INFO 1 You do not need any knowledge about the contents of this file the formats are set according to the requirements of the Delft3D QUICKPLOT or GPP systems Keep in mind that you need this file if you want to do graphics Restrictions In this section we give a complete list of the restrictions of ANALYSIS The period for harmonic analysis is restricted to 1950 2049 Maximum number of instruments equals 10 Maximum number of sub series for whole tidal series equals 100 Maximum number of components equals 234 Maximum number of groups of coupled components equals 10 Maximum number of sub components per coupled group equals 10 Minimum number of data per sub series equals 3 Minimu
104. time Most of these nodal factors have a cycle period of about 18 61 years For prediction periods exceeding two months you should subdivide the period in blocks of at maximum two months The system then computes u and F per sub series which improves the accuracy of the prediction T1sub 1 is the date time group of the first observation of the first sub series A 1 is the mean level for the first sub series B 1 in units per hour indicates the linear change with time of the first sub series The format of the record is A6 2X A6 F10 3 F10 3 T1sub Nsub is the date time group of the first observation of the last sub series A Nsub is the mean level for the last sub series B Nsub in units per hour indicates the linear change with time of the last sub series The format of the record is A6 2X A6 F10 3 F10 3 The linear trend is defined with respect to the MIDDLE TIME POINT of the period of the sub series In most cases the linear trend will be zero When the linear trend is non zero however and you split up the period to be predicted in a number of sub series you should be aware that this will result in a linear change of the mean level per sub series too This means that you have to adjust the mean levels of the sub series in your input accordingly in order to effect the correct transition from one sub series to the next This looks more difficult than it is A simple check to see if you have prescribed the correct mea
105. time series that will be produced Format F10 3 G i represents the station s phases or improved Kappa numbers The unit in which they MUST be entered is degrees Format F10 1 This set may be entered in any order of tidal frequency It is the convention to provide them in order of increasing tidal frequency since this simplifies visual checks As stated above the parameters on this input line are bound to specific column fields The name of each component must be entered in the leftmost 8 columns of the record the amplitude A in columns 9 18 and the phase G in column field 19 28 Always use a floating point representation when entering these values only then it does not matter where you put the value within the assigned column field Deltares 67 of 100 TIDE User Manual Time step in prediction 1 line DELT DELT is the time step to be applied in the prediction The unit of the time step is MINUTES Sub series to be used in prediction Nsub 1 lines Nsub free T1sub 1 A 1 B 1 fixed T1sub Nsub A Nsub B Nsub fixed Nsub is the number of sub series to be used in the prediction minimum value 1 The prediction series should be split up in more than one sub series if a prediction for a long time period is made This is related to the fact that the component dependent so called nodal factors u and F constant for the period of pre diction which are computed by the system are actually slowly varying with
106. ts are checked in the software There is also an overall memory limit called the dynamic memory limit This limit corresponds to an overall maximum of 200 000 memory words Remedy Adjust the input parameters of section A 1 where possible and fea sible in order to reduce the dynamic memory required First candi dates for reduction are Nobs Ncomp Nsub and Nins D 1 2 Warnings Below two non fatal warnings are discussed Read the explanation carefully Remember that the software proceeds normally with the computation after detecting warnings WARNING 1 RAYLEIGH CRITERION VIOLATED Explanation The two indicated components are too close in frequency The Rayleigh criterion states that for independent resolution of all components the minimum frequency difference expressed in de grees per hour for neighbouring tidal components should be 360 7 where T in hours is the effective length of the analysis period see section 8 3 3 The effective length T equals the difference between the start date time of the first sub series and the end date time of the last sub series This criterion does not always have to be applied so rigorously Given the nature of the least squares solution technique a 10 violation of the criterion will generally not invalidate the results See also the chapter on theory chapter 8 Remedy If the violation is large consider coupling of the two components in volved if astronomically related or removal of the les
107. ub system calculates the frequencies and the time dependent astronomical arguments Vo u and for any or all of the 234 internally available constituents and for any number of date time groups The calculations are based on the Schureman formulae with T 0 equal to 1 January 1900 00 00 GMT For a definition and explanation of these factors and their use in the tidal formula you are referred to section 8 1 Remark ASCON is a standalone sub system It is also incorporated in ANALYSIS and PREDICT where the same quantities are needed Running the system Start TIDE see Chapter 3 The User Interface will pop up Like the other sub systems ASCON operates in a file oriented way That means that you have to prepare your single input file before you can start the system successfully To set the sub system to ASCON Select Subsystem Ascon from the menu bar see Figure 5 10 Deltares 35 of 100 5 4 2 5 4 3 TIDE User Manual Subsystem Help Analysis Prediction gt High Low gt Y Ascon Fourier Figure 5 10 Subsytem gt Ascon selected If the input files are not yet selected the open file dialog is opened with the appropriate file filter for the input file otherwise select the menu option File gt Open The actual sub system is shown as window title On the basis of the data on the input files the computational process is started At completion one single output print file has been created
108. ubsystems Ad a Selection of sub series F n n2 synodic periods From the read in time series 1 n a relevant part F n n2 may be selected for Fourier analysis You will be prompted for adequate values for 2 and nz FOURIER supports the selection of synodic periods In the field of tidal analysis a time interval will be referred to as a synodic period if it encloses multiples of the major tidal periods so the periods of the major tidal constituents FOURIER includes following synodic periods 15 0 29 5 30 0 355 0 and 369 0 days For the Fourier analysis of time series of residuals it s preferable to take the length of the period for analysis almost equal to a synodic period The reason for this is that as easily can be derived for a synodic period the Fourier spectrum will contain the major tidal frequencies After the selection of the start of the time series n the system automatically proceeds with the computation of the relevant synodic periods After this the resulting values for na will pop up in a menu supporting you by the selection of a relevant synodic period Ad b Tidal bands The computation of the Fourier spectrum may be restricted to one or more tidal bands ranging from tidal band 0 to 12 In the field of tidal analysis a tidal band contains the tidal constituents with the same diurnality e g tidal band 2 contains the tidal constituents occurring approx imately twice a 24 hour s day with
109. ubsystems Restrictions Below a list of restrictions of PREDICT is given 1 The period of prediction is restricted to period 1 1 1950 31 12 2049 2 Maximum number of components equals 234 3 Maximum number of sub series equals 100 4 Maximum number of values to be predicted equals 530 000 e a prediction of one year with a time interval of one minue is possible 530 000 gt 366 x 24 x 60 There is no explicit restriction on the length of the time period for which predictions can be made in one computation apart from the first restriction If the Prediction GUI is used however the length of the period to predict is limited to 100 months 100 sub series of 1 month HILOW For convenience we refer to the introduction on Tide Tables see section 8 6 Running the system Start TIDE see Chapter 3 The User Interface will pop up To set the sub system to HILOW Select Subsystem High Low GUI see Figure 5 7 Subsystem Help Analysis 01 00 tutorial tide ani Prediction gt High Low gt Y GUI Ascon Calculation Figure 5 7 Menu option Subsystem High Low GUI The actual sub system is shown as window title Like the other sub systems HILOW operates in a file oriented way That means that input files have to be prepared before you can start the system successfully You can prepare an input file either by editing an already existing HILOW input file by hand or in the case tide tables
110. uda Triangle FOR 01 01 1999 01 01 2000 AND 01 01 2001 990101 000000 000101 000000 010101 000000 2Q1 Qi Di FOURIER No specific file formats needed Deltares 77 of 100 TIDE User Manual 78 of 100 Deltares List of tidal components internal component base The set of components can be divided in primary components which appear in the equilib rium tide No land masses only one deep ocean and compound components The latter are linear combinations of primary components The names and frequencies of all 234 internally available components of TIDE are given below For the primary components the relative mag nitude in the equilibrium tide is given as well For the selection of components in an analysis input file relative importance in neighbouring stations is often a guideline For North Sea circumstances the set of 60 constituents given in the example just preceding section A 3 is a good choice For components that may appear as sub components in astronomical coupling in case of short series the equilibrium amplitude relation with their main component is given as well The equilibrium phase relation is equal to zero Remark O In case astronomical coupling is necessary you should always first try to use amplitude and phase relations based on a long period analysis of a neighbouring station Only if such information is not available you may resort to the equilibrium tide relations given
111. ugh the system many pages of useful help texts will be shown on the screen For the preparation of an input file for PREDICT some extra data are needed The interactive dialogue proceeds as follows Specification of period for prediction The time period for prediction can not be derived from a former analysis You will be prompted to enter this information A set of tidal components with local amplitudes and phases The block of tidal constituents from the lt x cmp gt file in ANALYSIS will be moved in the correct format to the correct place in the input file for PREDICT Determination of mean levels per sub series In PREDICT you have to split up the time series for prediction in a number of sub series each with its own mean level From the individual mean levels as computed during tidal analysis one overall average mean level is computed for the whole time series For the mean level in the prediction you may agree with the overall mean level as computed in the GUI and shown on the screen Reply to the prompt by RETURN if you agree with the computed average otherwise type in the desired mean level Definition start end time of sub series The system takes care of computing the correct length of the sub series taking into ac count that sub series do not exceed the length of 1 month duration In the PREDICT GUI you can define a new unit for prediction For example the tidal analysis was done in centimetres but you prefer t
112. up of the last observation of the last instrument Sub series 2Nsub 1 lines Nsub free Deltares 73 of 100 TIDE User Manual Nsub is the total number of sub series in the selected tidal series Condition Nsub lt 10 The minimum is 1 one single series no gaps one instrument T1sub fixed T2sub fixed T1Nsub fixed T2Nsub fixed T1sub is the date time group of the first observation of sub series 1 T2sub is the date time group of the last observation of sub series 1 TiNsub _ is the date time group of the first observation of the last sub series T2Nsub is the date time group of the last observation of the last sub series In the case that a simple one instrument series without any gaps has to be analysed these date time groups will be equal to TB and TE respectively Block filter parameters 1 line Afilter Nfilter Mfilter free Afilter Nfilter and Mfilter above are block filter parameters The block filter is used to sepa rate tidal and non tidal extremes in the time series These procedures are mainly important for data from measurements which may contain instrumentation errors and meteorological effects Afilter Weight factor for block filter Range 0 01 lt Afilter lt 1 0 Default 0 2 Nfilter Measure for the width of the block filter in terms of the number of values preceding or following The width of the filter follows from 2 Nfilter 1 Range 1 lt Nfilter lt 6 Default 2 Mfilter Number
113. ut should be placed in certain column ranges column fields Text format means any text as long as it is left justified on the input line start in column 1 Pay attention to the maximum number of characters on input which may vary per input In the input file several date time groups for start and end of time periods have to be entered A date time group consists of a date followed by the time and separated by two blanks The date should be entered in a yymmdd format and the time in a hhmmss format So the complete format for the date time group is yymmdd hhmmss A date time group should always be entered left justified on the input line like text input For example for a time series starting at October 20 1989 14 55 00 you should specify on the input line 891020 145500 The input is subdivided in a number of separate items For each item the number of required input lines will be specified This should provide you with just that extra bit of information necessary for a complete understanding of the input description The input description will be understood more easily if you consult the input example at the end of this section from time to time Below we give a systematic record for record explanation of the structure of the input data file The input parameters are printed in bold character type immediately followed by an explanation of the input If needed the limitation of the sub system with respect to the input paramete
114. y this means that the system tries to read numbers and find characters on the file lt obs gt files start with at least 1 and at most 20 header lines to identify the file Remember that you should start header lines with a or a If more than 20 header lines have been inserted the situation above will occur Check the number of header lines at the start of the lt x obs gt file Check the Input Interpretation Report 91 of 100 TIDE User Manual ERROR 22 END OF FILE ON OBS FILE Explanation While reading the lt obs gt file the system concluded that the pre scribed number of data on the input file Nobs was not available on the lt x obs gt file Normally this means that the value for Nobs is incorrect you may also have lost the last part of your observation file Remedy Verify and ensure that at least 1 header line is present on the lt x obs gt file Adjust the value for Nobs in the input file INA if this does not correspond to the number of observations present on the lt x obs gt file ERROR 23 DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION EXCEEDED Explanation In the system all data are allocated dynamically in a large dynamic memory resulting in optimal use of available memory In Section 5 5 the limitations of the system were discussed These summarised limits should be read as individual limits however that is a limit for the number of components a limit for the number of sub series etc All these individual limi
115. y with the positions where the tide is observed In this representation by means of the primary constituents compound and higher harmonic constituents may have to be added This is the case in shallow water areas for example where advection large amplitude to depth ratio and bottom friction give rise to non linear interactions For a list of primary and compound constituents see Appendix B The general formula for the astronomical tide is k H t Ag A F cos wit Vo u G 8 1 i 1 in which H t water level at time t Ao mean water level over a certain period k number of relevant constituents 1 index of a constituent A local tidal amplitude of a constituent F nodal amplitude factor Wi angular velocity Vo u astronomical argument Gi improved kappa number local phase lag F and Vo u are time dependent factors which together with w can easily be calculated and are generally tabulated in the various tidal year books Vo is the phase correction factor which relates the local time frame of the observations to an internationally agreed celestial time frame Vo is frequency dependent F and u are slowly varying amplitude and phase corrections and are also frequency dependent For most frequencies they have a cyclic period of 18 6 years Ag A and G are position dependent they represent the local character of the tide If for a specific location Ag A and G are known the above formula can be used to pred

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