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DXM Transport Terminal Manual

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1. 900000000000 8 After the system is completely pushed into the 4 post rack snap the black thumb screws into the L shaped locking brackets on the sides of the DXM and screw them tightly into the nut plates on the rails e o oS SSO SSO sy eeesesesesseessesossssesee TT jesssooosecoy 9 Tighten the screws that connect the rails to the rack B 3 Connecting to DC Power To connect a properly equipped DXM to DC power use 12 16 American Wire Gauge AWG wire stranded to wire the 48 VDC 3 pin input connector 14 AWG wire is recommended to op timize for size and flexibility Note the power attachment method on the back of the power supply and follow the instructions below accordingly WARNING Always disconnect power before attaching wires to or detaching wires from the DXM power supply There are two styles of power connector available on DXM power supplies When attaching power to this style of connector insert a small flat blade screwdriver into a square hole of the mating connector and pry the teeth open in the adjacent round hole Insert the uninsulated portion about 0 25 inches of the wire appropriately into the round hole INPUT CONNECTOR ORE When attaching power to this style of input terminal loosen the terminal D ES R screw and wrap the uninsulated portion of the wire around the post of the screw Then tighten t
2. 4 Slide the replacement fan module into the chassis Be sure to slide it all the way in 5 so the module fits correctly The fan unit will be energized the moment it is seated Fasten the screws to hold the fan module in place C 3 Replacing a Wave Laser Module Client side lasers are located in the front panel of the DXM Wave side lasers are located beneath a hatch on the top of the DXM When replacing a wave side laser make sure there is slack in the fiber attached to the front panel components and that the power cables have slack to the back of the unit to allow access without damaging the fiber or disconnecting the power 1 To replace a wave side laser inside the DXM slide the unit forward on its rails far enough to reach the top access panel Do not strain the attached fiber connections when sliding the unit forward Fiber bends should not be smaller than 2 5 in di ameter Aocoococoocococo ZARZA 9000000000007 2 Unscrew the nine screws securing the access panel with a Phillips head screwdriver and open the panel Each screw requires only a quarter turn to loosen 3 Remove the fiber pair from the laser module Note the side each fiber pigtail is plugged into and reconnect the same way after you replace the laser 4 Press down on the latch to release the mechanism that holds the laser in the cage The latch snaps and the laser slides out
3. DXM Transport Terminal Manual Copyright 2006 2009 XKL LLC This document contains information that is protected by copyright All rights are reserved Re production adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws All material contained herein is proprietary to XKL LLC Warranty The information in this publication is subject to change without notice The information con tained herein should not be construed as a commitment by XKL LLC XKL LLC shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential dam ages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material U S Government Restricted Rights Notice The Computer Software is delivered as Commercial Computer Software as defined in DFARS 48 CFR 252 227 7014 All Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation acquired by or for the U S Government is provided with Restricted Rights Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Gov ernment is subject to the restrictions described in FAR 48 CFR 52 227 14 or DFARS 48 CFR 252 227 7014 as applicable Technical Data acquired by or for the U S Government if any is provided with Limited Rights Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to the restrictions described in FAR 48 CER 52 227 14 or DFARS 48 CER 252 227 7013 as applicable Note This equipment has been tested and
4. lt SUCCESS gt p E A ES y vie N STARTUP BOOT LOADED xx LOAD SS BACKUP lt SUCCESS gt BOOT Y YES Y a ON BACKUP BOOT LOADED Se A LOADER LOAD A FACTORY H GATEWARE de Nhe lt SUCCESS gt A HALT YES y LAUNCH FACTORY MINI BOOT A REE LOAD FACTORY BOOT y Y gt nod N WATCHDOG lt SUCCESS gt gt HALT TIMEOUT 64 N SECONDS b a b gt YES va SS FACTORY Boot LOADED Figure 6 3 Acquiring Configuration Loading DXMOS DXMOS LOAD AA STARTUP l or BACKUP1 BOOT J LOADED Pi BOOT YES ATTEMPTS CONFIG S AQUISITION e lt STARTUP CONFIG EMPTY 7 A A o BOOT HOST DHCP INN CONFIG e o A he er NO P r FACTORY BOOT LOADED ea NX A SS p Rhi a Ss FACTORY WARM RELOAD gt IMAGE a LOAD BOOT ATTEMPTS DHCP CONFIG AQUISITION A ACTOR DXMOS RUNNING WITH FACTORY CONFIG y DXMOS LOAD N BOOT ATTEMPTS DXMOS LOAD USING ACQUIRED CONFIG LIST i ECO READABLE Se LOAD LIST COMPLETE DXMOS RECOVERY 600 SECOND SLEEP OPERATOR gt INTERVENTION REQUIRED TO _ BREAK LOOP S Y OPERATOR MODE CUSTOMER DXMOS RUNNING WITH STARTUP CONFIG CUSTOMER DXMOS RUNNING WITH DHCP CONFIG CUSTOMER DXMOS RUNNING W
5. Power cycled remains on until the operating software resets it Configuration file STARTUP CONFIGURATION slice 2 appears to be uninitialized Unable to find a suitable configuration file Slot 4 Ethernet 0 link is up There is no configuration file network addresses are not defined The program is seeking a network address and configuration file by means of DHCP The program will attempt this for two minutes until answered or interrupted Type Ctrl C to interrupt this Timed out Delaying AUTO BOOT for 10 seconds Type Ctrl C to abort or any other key to boot now Autoboot candidate is Flash STARTUP IMAGE AUTO BOOT 13 Aug 2009 18 25 08 UT 7 00 Auto booting from Flash STARTUP IMAGE Loa dina sa so a Bc acetic Ook Cee wee a ae File entry vector is at 7700 1000 length is 4 PDVA at 7707 0 Free pages from 10601 through 1777777 Enabling the watchdog timer for this program Clearing flags and context Starting at 7700 1000 Starting DXM Operating System DXMOS XKL LLC V2 1 0 16140 Aug 13 2009 12 45 05 Copyright c 2004 2009 XKL LLC All Rights Reserved This product is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting copying distribution and decompi lation I2C Initializing I2C Interface I2C Interface defined to be CCCv2 IDROM for Controller found IDROM for Companion found IDROM for AMP O found I2C__Init Detecting hardware with OXCSH Switch b
6. A revertive APP group uses the working interface any time that interface is fanctioning normally APP groups are revertive by default 5 5 5 3 5 5 6 5 5 7 Optionally a hold off time can be specified which is the amount of time between when the work ing interface comes up and the APP group reverts to using the working interface A non revertive APP group switches interfaces only when the currently used interface goes down It has no preference for the working interface app switch CONF Switches an automatic path protection APP group to a particular interface within the group app switch lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt force Parameter Description lt transport identifierl gt Specify by interface the APP group to switch lt transport identifier2 gt Specify the target interface forces Optionally overrides a locked APP group boot CONF Selects a boot image from a flash memory or tftp location no boot flash lt storage location image gt tftp ip address filename Parameter Description flash Set the DXM to boot from an image in flash memory lt storage location 1image gt tftp p address filename Set the DXM to boot from fi 7ename located at ip address no boot boot target Remove the specified boot target Boot settings must be saved in startup config in order to take effect during subsequent reloads If multiple boot locations are specified the DXM tries them in
7. This chapter describes common configuration and administration tasks for the DXM Chapter 5 contains a comprehensive reference to all commands The DXM is shipped without values set for IP address hostname or passwords XKL strongly recommends that you set passwords based on your site s requirements as soon as you install the system see Section 2 3 3 and Section 2 4 3 1 Updating Software and Gateware Updating DXM software and gateware involves three steps 1 Download update files from the XKL support website to your local TFTP server 2 Use the tftp command to install the updates on the DXM 3 Reboot the DXM to load the new software and gateware CAUTION The order in which software and gateware updates are installed is important Always check the README that accompanies each update for specific instructions 3 1 1 Downloading Updates DXM software and gateware updates are available on the XKL Customer Support website http www xkl com support The files are available directly or in compressed tar and zip ar chives To download updates from the XKL website 1 Enter your username and password in the sidebar and click Login 2 Click Downloads in the sidebar 3 Locate the appropriate update Readme files are provided that describe what each update contains as well as any special instructions for installation 4 Download the update files 5 Copy the files to your TFTP server If necessary expand the tar or zip arc
8. 000 a 57 55 22 IPTOUle ro 4s ee HRA OS 57 IL VINE i om acy gate RA 57 5524 logging sear a eek eg e 60 5 5 25 radius server host 60 5 5 26 radius serverkey 0 61 532 KAMAN e oe ae ele ee oe Se eS 61 5 6 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 9 28 TOUTE TD ooo es 63 5 5 29 SIMPESCIVON cio eae Se pe 65 59 30 SNPs aus RRA aa he a AS 66 5531 ait oy aa ee ee 67 5 5 32 Mic bee be eee 67 5 5 33 watchdog timeout 67 Oia ls Sh MRR Se 68 deb a ee ee a eee ee ee 68 disable ae OR ERAS wa 69 able orcas RN ee 69 Meira aaa 69 logott 2s ee oe a Re Ro ee eee es 69 PING Bouse ga dae bb baa eer a we 69 A Ste Gow eek eke Goma om 70 setfan controllers 2 2 eee 70 setsplittrunk ee 71 SNOW a A AA 71 5 16 1 ShOWaPp i aa a o 71 5 16 2 showarp 0002 eee 71 5 16 3 showbatch queue 72 5 16 4 showcalendar 72 5 16 5 showclock 2 004 72 5 16 6 showconnections 72 5 16 7 show controllers 72 5 16 8 showedfd s s ceceg sace ea eee 73 5 16 9 showenvironment 73 5 16 10 show flash config 73 5 16 11 show hardware o 74 5 16 12 show hosts aoaaa 74 5 16 13 show interfaces o o 74 5 16 14 showiparp 2 2 ee eee 74 5 16 15 showiproutes 00 75 5 16 16 show ip traffic 15 5 16 17 showlines o o o o oo 7
9. Description Enable AAA functionality Disable AAA functionality Specifies rules list used for login Specifies rules list used to enable privilege Specifies name of the method list Specifies use of enable password Specifies use of line specific password Specifies use of local user database Specifies no authorization is required Specifies use of radius server group O NOTE At least one of the parameters following default must be used Using more than one pa rameter may be used as failover enable line local none group radius 5 5 4 access list CONF Defines an IP Access Control List ACL rule for filtering management network traffic no access list Jist number deny permit ip mask Parameter Description acess list Enable access list no acess list Disable access list list number Assign a number to identify the access list rule deny permit Use permit to allow traffic that matches this rule Use deny to prevent traffic that matches this rule ip Specify IP or network address to match mask Specify IP wildcard mask to match 5 5 5 app CONF Configures automatic path protection APP no app lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt lockout lt transport identifier gt revertive lt transport identifier gt holdoff reversion holdoff switch lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt force Without any options specified the app comm
10. exit fan hostname interface ip line logging no router snmp server sntp user watchdog timeout clear Description Configures automatic path protection APP Selects a boot image from a tftp or flash memory location Configures time zone and Daylight Saving Time Connects a transport interface to a second interface Execute top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode Places the DXM in EDFA configuration mode only available on DXM models with an EDFA Sets password for enabled mode Exits configuration mode and returns to top level Exits configuration mode and returns to top level Places the DXM in fan configuration mode Sets the hostname for the DXM Places the DXM in interface configuration mode Configures IP settings for the DXM Places the DXM in line configuration mode Configures logging of events to the local event log and the syslog service Reverses the action ofthe specified command Sets a router configuration Configures SNMP settings Configures an SNTP server for setting the system clock Creates a user account for logging in to the DXM Configures the length of the system watchdog timeout Clears some aspect of the DXM software clear Typically this command resets a software subsystem or counters clear app Resets automatic path protection APP groups to their default state and resets all APP counters clear app NOTE The clear app c
11. exit CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Exits interface configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exit label CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Creates a site configurable label used to describe the use of wave and client interfaces no label string Parameter Description string Set the label for the interface to string no label Remove the label from the interface 5 5 17 8 laser shutdown CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Powers down a wave or client interface laser no laser shutdown Parameter Description laser shutdown Shut down the laser no laser shutdown Bring the laser back online Powering lasers down is appropriate to change SFPs or XFPs to change fiber cabling or to extend the useful lifetime of an SFP or XFP NOTE If a write memory command is issued after a laser shutdown command the laser shutdown command is stored in startup config and will take effect during subsequent reloads To power up lasers following a reload issue a no laser shutdown command To avoid future laser shutdowns following a reload issue ano laser shutdown command followed by write memory 5 5 17 9 loa detection CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Enables and disables Loss of Activity LOA detection on a transport interface no loa detection Parameter Description loa detection Enable LOA detection no loa detection Disable LOA detection By default LOA detection is disabled See Section 3 2 5 for additional information about LOA detection 5 5
12. 5 5 23 2 do CONF LINE Executes top level commands do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode 5 5 23 3 end CONF LINE Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing CJ has the same effect and discards the current command line 5 5 23 4 exit CONF LINE Exits line configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exit 5 5 23 5 login CONF LINE Enables or disables remote login to VTY lines no login local Parameter Description login Enable logins for VTY lines using only a password for authentication login local Enable logins for VTY lines using stored usernames and passwords for authentication no login Disable logins for VTY lines 5 5 23 6 5 5 23 7 5 5 23 8 VTY lines refuse telnet connectivity attempts until VTY login is enabled or AAA new model is set Logins are always enabled for the console line NOTE VTY lines must have a password set before telnet or ssh access is granted see the pass word command in Section 5 5 19 7 NOTE To use stored usernames and passwords with the login local option users must first be created with the user command see Section 5 5 24 monitor CONF LINE Enables or disables DXM message display on console or VTY lines no monitor Parameter De
13. In CONF ETH mode issue ip address lt ip_addr gt lt mask_ Tength gt command followed by lend or exit In CONF ETH mode issue no shutdown command followed by end or exit nvestigate and correct external etwork issues Symptom Cause Solution Optical Service Channel OSC Dirty or unplugged fiber connec Clean and reconnect fiber con tions nections OSC port is administratively In CONF OSC mode issue no shutdown command followed by end or exit issing or defective OSC SFP A ttempt to diagnose using show System unreachable via interface osc install func OSC tioning OSC SFP Insufficient optical signal to noise Contact XKL technical support EFOSC line state flap ratio in long haul configuration ping bouncing Optical cable degradation Investigate and correct external A No IP address assigned to OSC In CONF OSC mode issue ip address lt ip_addr gt lt mask_ terfaces interface System unreachable via Tength gt command follwed by OSC end or exit Bad or missing IP routes Properly configure IP routing Symptom Cause Solution Optical Interfaces Wave amp Client A Dirty fiber Clean or replace fiber Failed laser or XFP SFP Replace failed component module s Incorrect encapsulation type erify encapsulation types at transmit and receive endpoints and ensure they are the same Incorrect switch configuration erify connection settings and ensure they are
14. including link layer information The show ip routes command describes route types using the following codes Code Description E Connected S Static R RIP The show ip routes command also displays the IP CML metric source next hop address and routing protocols to which the route is distributed 5 16 16 show ip traffic gt Displays current IP traffic statistics show ip traffic 5 16 17 show lines gt Shows the status of console and VTY lines including whether or not they are logged in or in en abled mode show lines 5 16 18 show logging 4 Displays the contents of the circular logging buffer show logging The show logging command requires enabled mode 5 16 19 show optical wavelength map gt Displays a reference table of optical channels and their frequencies and wavelengths show optical wavelength map 5 16 20 show peers Displays peer information show peers 5 16 21 show running config Displays current active configuration settings show running config app boot dhcp fan host interface lt interface identifier gt line logging rip snmp static routes switch Parameter app boot dhcp fan host interface lt interface identifier gt line logging rip sntp snmp static routes switch Description Display current automatic path protection APP settings Display current boot settings Display current Dynamic Host Control Protocol DHCP settin
15. or transmitter disabled by virtualight Use the 101 forward loa detection and virtualight commands available in DXM configu ration mode to configure transport interface error forwarding and control 3 3 Setting Up the EDFA The DXM supports an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA as an optional part of the system configuration This section explains how to manage and set up the EDFA See Section 5 5 6 for complete reference to the DXMOS commands that control EDFA operation WARNING EDFAs can produce high energy signals that pose a risk to human eyesight Also if improperly configured an EDFA can damage optical receivers both within the EDFA equipped system and in remote systems connected to the EDFA equipped system Output power of the EDFA is turned off when the DXM is powered up The EDFA ships with the following configuration defaults set shutdown To set up the amplifier for use enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF edfa 0 localhost CONF EDFA 0 no shutdown localhost CONF EDFA 0 end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost For more information about managing the EDFA refer to the EDFA commands in the Chapter 5 Command Reference 3 4 Setting Up the Raman Bring up can be performed automatically by enabling the auto startup feature or manually in a two step process 3 4 1 Automatic Bring Up Once the installation of the system
16. s only useful to disable APR osc detction in the case that a Raman amplifier is sufficiently far away from a re mote DXM signal it s amplifying that it cannot detect the DXM s OSC This is a marginal case and the only way to clear the enabled mode password without entering enable mode is to reload the DXM in factory default mode by pressing and holding the side reset button Reloading in factory default mode disrupts network traffic across all transport interfaces 5 5 13 end CONF Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command line 5 5 14 exit CONF Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line exit 5 5 15 fan CONF Places the DXM in fan configuration mode fan fan module number Parameter Description fan module number Identify the fan module that is to be configured The DXM ships with two fan modules numbered 0 and 2 Fan module 1 is intentionally absent 5 5 15 1 do CONF FAN Executes top level commands do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode 5 5 15 2 end CONF FAN Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command
17. 209 165 202 129 with a 255 255 255 224 mask Masks for IP ACLs are the reverse for example mask 0 0 0 255 This is sometimes called an inverse mask or a wildcard mask When the value of the mask is broken down into binary 0s and 1s the results determine which address bits are to be considered in processing the traffic A 0 indicates that the address bits must be considered exact match a 1 in the mask is a don t care The following example demonstrates how this functionality may be enabled localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF access list 2 permit 10 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 localhost CONF access list 2 deny O 255 255 255 255 localhost CONF line vty localhost CONF LINE VTY access class 2 in localhost CONF LINE VTY exit localhost CONF exit localhost Setting up Multiple Users Instead of a single telnet or SSH password you may also create user accounts each with its own username and password Multiple accounts may be used with telnet SSH or both depending on what is currently enabled through the transport input command Like the login command login local enables remote login but only through user accounts To create user accounts enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF user username password newpassword localhost CONF user anotheruser password anotherpassword localhost CONF line vty localhost CONF LINE VTY login local localhost CO
18. Automatic Path Protection APP A DXM switching mechanism that provides redundancy for a connection by transmitting the same signal over two different physical fiber connections If a fiber cut or component failure stops traffic over the primary or working interface APP immediately switches traffic to the secondary or protection interface Band Combiner A band combiner uses an optical multiplex and demultiplex to respectively combine and separate bands on a single fiber A band consists of 10 channels of light traveling down a single fiber With an optional DXM Band Combiner multiple DXM systems can be combined to scale to larger transport capacities on a single fiber Bit Error Rate Test BERT A testing method for digital communication circuits using stress patterns comprised of a sequence of logical ones and zeros generated by a PRBS Channel A communications path or the signal sent over that path Multiplexing allows several channels for data The transports about communications channel information operation administration maintenance and provisioning over a SONET interface Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR A method of categorizing IP addresses for both allocation and efficient routing CIDR notation adds a subnet mask after the standard IP address quartet N in A B C D N that defines how many bits of the address make up its routing prefix Command Line Interface CLI A text based interfa
19. DST rules that the DXM follows To set the system clock enter the following commands localhost gt enable 2 6 localhost show clock 23 59 59 UTC Mon Mar 30 2009 localhost configure localhost CONF clock timezone 8 localhost CONF clock summer time usa localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost clock set 17 01 30 30 march 2009 localhost show clock 17 01 33 UTC 7 Mon Mar 30 2009 The series of commands listed above configure the system time to Pacific Time UTC minus 8 hours adhering to United States rules for determining when Daylight Saving Time begins and ends For more information about using the clock commands see the Command Reference sec tion Provisioning the Optical Transport Provisioning the DXM establishes connections between local client interfaces and DWDM wave channels Client interfaces are either Small Form Factor Pluggable SFP transceivers or 10Gbps Small Form Factor Pluggable XFP transceivers The default DXM configuration does not include any connections between client interfaces and wave channels To provision a transport service 1 6 Enter enabled mode and type show connection to display any existing connec tions Choose a client interface and a wave channel for example connect client 5 wave 5 XKL suggests using the same wave port and client unless your network strategy requires otherwise Please note that wave wave east west
20. Laser Module 103 Sample Boot Up Type Out 107 Fibre Channel amp DXM 110 DHCP Configuration 111 BERT Bit Error Ratio Test 113 Acronyms Abbreviations 116 G OSSAY occ 118 System Overview The DXM is an integrated Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM system that in cludes optical networking hardware along with management and monitoring software This chapter provides a high level description of system components and operation Subsequent chapters provide detailed procedures for DXM setup and operation The DXM includes the DXM Operating System DXMOS with a standard Command Line Inter face CLI Familiar CLI commands establish monitor and change flexible connections between network services and set up and select configurations and ports 1 1 Hardware Overview The DXM contains an Optical Electrical Optical OEO switching and multiplexing facility in a small physical package A single pair of DXM systems transport and multiplex demultiplex 10 channels for transmission on a single fiber pair With an optional DXM Band Combiner multiple DXM systems can be combined to scale to larger transport capacities on a single fiber The following table describes DXM models supported Ethernets fibre channels and Optical Car rier OC signals Table 1 1 DXM Supported Networking Standards DXM Model Ethernet Fibre Channel OC Signal 3G DXM3 DXMh 1Gbps
21. THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFT WARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Copyright 2003 Maxim Sobolev lt sobomax FreeBSD org gt All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following dis claimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WAR RANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIM ITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTER RUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED O
22. The DXM is controlled through a command line interface CLI to the DXMOS operating sys tem This chapter explains how to use the CLI and Chapter 5 provides a complete reference to all DXMOS commands Getting Help The commands that are available at the command line prompt depend on the current operating mode of the DXM Disabled mode has fewer commands available than enabled mode and spe cialized command modes such as configure provide access to even more commands The DXM prompt changes to reflect the current command mode To see a list of all commands available at each level of the CLI enter a question mark 7 at the prompt It is not necessary to press after the question mark the DXM displays the values allowed for the currently displayed command as soon as you type the question mark Commands are not executed until you press enter To cancel the command and clear the command line press ctrl c For example here is the output from a disabled mode help command localhost gt show interfaces Interface Type one of the following client ethernet loopback Osc wave summary lt cr gt localhost gt show interfaces ethernet interface number decimal number localhost gt show interfaces ethernet 0 Ethernet 0 is up line protocol is up Internet address is 10 15 1 116 24 Hardware is 10 100 Ethernet address is 00 A0 E3 00 01 B9 Full Duplex mode link type is 100Mbps Auto Negotiated Last State Change 0 07 28 20 a
23. Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command line exit CONF RIP Exits RIP configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exit network CONF RIP Turns on RIP fora given interface no network address Parameter Description network address Set address of interface on which to advertise RIP no network address Disable RIP for the specified network If an interface is a subnet of another interface the no variant for the small er subnet will also be applied to the larger subnet even if router RIP is turned on in separate network commands 5 5 28 6 passive interface CONF RIP Disables sending of routing updates no passive interface lt ethernet identifier gt Parameter Description passive interface Disable sending of routing updates on the specified inter lt ethernet identifier gt face no passive interface Enable sending of routing updates on the specified inter lt ethernet identifier gt fade 5 5 28 7 redistribute CONF RIP Redistributes routes from other routing protocols via RIP no redistribute static metric value Parameter Description static metric value Specify the routing metric to use Without the metric key word redistribute static defaults to a metric of 1 no redistribute static Disable redistribution of static routes 5 5 28 8 version CONF RIP Sets which version of RIP is sent by the DXM no version version number Parameter Descripti
24. appropriately oss of Lock or Signal configured LoL or LoS Incompatible wavelengths be Replace lasers on customer tween customer equipment and equipment or DXM client inter client interfaces face to match wavelengths Problems with remote system Troubleshoot and repair remote system aser No wave laser transmission Run show interface command on transmitting system and verify Interfaces weathcent receive aser transmission power Run the no laser shutdown or virtua light command Insufficient transmission from Investigate external customer customer equipment to DXM dli jequipment issue ent interface aser Laser administratively disabled Run show interface command nsufficient transmit ote on transmitting system and verify aser transmission power Run the no laser shutdown or virtua ight command ave interface report Insufficient power on one or both See troubleshooting procedures ing up down condi irecti for insufficient transmit and receive power nable virtualight on the inter face in question 6 2 6 3 Table 6 1 Troubleshooting Commands Note that using the various show commands may aid in the troubleshooting procuedures outlined in this chapter A full list of these and other commands as well as their options is described in full in Chapter 5 Front Panel LED Codes The most immediate feedback related to system status is provided via the LED lights on the front panel of
25. by the difference in the propagation velocities of light in the orthogonal principal polarization states of the transmission medium Protection Interface The secondary interface in an Automatic Path Protection APP system The protection interface takes over if the signal on the working interface is interrupted Protocol Transparency The ability of systems to transport information without being aware of higher layer protocols Such a system can also be described as protocol agnostic Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PRBS A test pattern that provides a communication link a sequence of ones and zeros in a pseudo random pattern Since it is not a random sequence a repeating pattern appears The DXM uses a PRBS signal to indicate an error condition in a link Raman Amplifier A device that uses SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering to produce optical gain In contrast to EDFA and SOA devices the amplification effect is achieved by a nonlinear interaction between the signal and a pump laser within an optical fiber There are two types of Raman amplifiers distributed and lumped A distributed amplifier uses the transmission fiber as the gain medium by multiplexing a pump wavelength with signal wavelength and requires a minimum span of 100km A lumped amplifier uses a dedicated shorter highly nonlinear fiber with a small core to increase the interaction between signal and pump wavelengths Receiver A device at the destination e
26. channel Network Attached Storage NAS A central data storage system attached to the network that it serves See also Storage Area Network Non Zero Fiber NZ DSF A dispersion shifted single mode fiber that has the zero dispersion point near the 1550 nm window but outside the actual window used to transmit signals NZ DSF is designed to maximize bandwidth while minimizing fiber Dispersion Shifted nonlinearities Optical Amplifier OA A device that amplifies an input optical signal without converting it to electrical form Optical Add Drop Multiplexer OADM A multiplexer used in optical networks that can add and drop wavelengths into and out of an optical signal without converting them back to electrical form See also ADM Optical Carrier OC A series of physical protocols such as OC 1 OC 3 OC 12 and OC48 defined for SONET optical signal transmission The OC x is the base unit found in the SONET hierarchy the x represents increments of 51 84 Mbps so OC 1 is 51 84 Mbps OC 3 is 155 Mbps and OC 12 is 622 Mbps See also SONET Optical Cross Connect OXC An optical network element that provides for incoming optical signals to be switched to any one of a number of output ports Some OXCs connect fibers containing multichannel optical signals to the input demultiplex the signals switch the signals and recombine remultiplex the signals to the output ports Other OXCs connect fibers with single
27. created for the CTY may also be used to login over the VTY assuming that the VTY is configured to allow remote login via telnet or SSH To stop using user accounts and revert to a single login enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF line console localhost CONF LINE CTY login localhost CONF LINE CTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost NOTE If you set a single login password for a line either CTY or VTY it remains in place even if you switch to using user accounts with the login local command The single login password is not required to gain entry while the user accounts are active However if you later revert to the single login using the login command gaining access to the line still requires the single login password you originally assigned to the line CAUTION If the customer start up flash becomes unreadable for any reason the DXM reverts to factory settings Telnet access is disabled and only the console can be used to diagnose and repair the condition The system enters recovery mode in which the user may restore the sys tem to normal operation Recovery is described in detail in Appendix D Setting Time and Date The DXM ships with the clock set to Universal Time formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time GMT The clock command sets system date and time and when the DXM is in configuration mode sets the time zone and Daylight Saving Time
28. for each side 4 Install the outer rails in the 4 post rack keeping the sides level and parallel Slide a thumb screw nut plate see inset in illustration below onto the front of each rail before attaching and tightening the screws to connect the rails to the rack Leave the screws slightly loose to allow the rail to move when inserting the chassis Use the 10 32 screws supplied with the DXM ol o o o O o ol ol ol ol ol jo 90000 00000000 SS 66 jecscooocooc ool pgioscooceoccooscoy SSCS ss SSS SSS SSS SS SSS SSS SSS 650000000000 Meso osoo oo ood wy 5 Extend the metal inserts forward from the outer rails until they lock eoog ogo ooo KN escocecocecosy 8900000000000 LALA ARAS jesoccooceoss 6 Use two people to lift the DXM and match the inner rails to the extended inserts Slide the system into the rack until it clicks It will extend half way out of the 4 post rack ASES 33333333 Sess soeeseeey l ocooooooooo MORDER SST EOS o Seo coc coco cod 7 Press the square metal buttons on the sides of the rails at the same time push the DXM the rest of the way into the rack Note the locations of the front panel and rear panel before pushing the box in to determine how far out to pull the box for later access Aocooooocoooooo
29. found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 ofthe FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communica tions Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense DXM and Darkstar are trademarks of XKL LLC Included Software Copyright Notices The DXM includes Secure Shell ssh software developed by Tatu Ylonen ylo cs hut fi which is Copyright 1995 Tatu Ylonen Espoo Fin land All rights reserved The software contains code implementing the packet protocol and communication with the other side This same code is used both on client and server side The code Tatu Ylonen has written for this software can be used freely for any purpose Any derived versions of this software must be clearly marked as such and if the derived work is incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file it must be called by a name other than ssh or Secure Shell SSH2 packet format added by Markus Friedl Copyright 2000 2001 Markus Fried All rights reserved Redistribution and use i
30. hostname Set the name of the host to which an IP address is as signed address Set the IP address for the given hostname 5 5 21 ip name server CONF Sets the Domain Name Service DNS name server for the DXM no ip name server address Parameter Description address Set the IP address of the DNS server to address 5 5 22 ip route CONF Adds a static route in the routing table no ip route address netmask gateway metric Parameter Description ip route address netmask Enable static route in routing table gateway no ip route address Disable static route in routing table netmask gateway address netmask Set the IP address and netmask for the static route gateway Set the gateway IP address through which address net mask may be accessed metric Specify the metric value for the static route Valid range is 0 to 65535 5 5 23 line CONF Places the DXM in line configuration mode line console vty Parameter Description console Configure the console line vty Configure the virtual terminal VTY lines The DXM has four VTY lines all configured identically 5 5 23 1 access class CONF LINE Assigns the line to an access list no access class list number in out Parameter Description list number Assign the line to be accessible only to connections in the access list identified by 1ist number in out Specifies whether or no ACL is applied in an inbound or outbound direction for VTYs
31. if the connectors are not properly cleaned Manual Bring Up Step 1 Once the installation of the system has been performed and all fibers are appropriately attatched type the following in the Raman amplifier s configuration mode localhost CONF RAMAN 0 no shutdown localhost CONF RAMAN 0 control pump power 50 0 If the optical environment of the installation meets the defined specification then the show raman command for the amplifier in question should show amplification up and a control set point of 50 0 mW for both pump lasers raman 0 Module is administratively up amplification is up Module identification data Manufacturer RED C Module Function Type Raman Software Version 201 3 Jan 11 2009 10 49 53 Module operational data Control mode is manual pump power Setpoint is Pump1 50 0 mW Pump2 50 0 mW Control optimized for SMF G 652 fiber Status and alarms No alarms detected Input Optical Power 15 2 dBm Output Optical Power 20 1 dBm OSC based APR is enabled Measured OSC Input Power 21 6 dBm Case temperature is 24 2C Pump laser Pumpl1 State enabled Pump2 State enabled Pump1 Current 19 2 mA Pump2 Current 20 9 mA Pump1 Power 18 1 dBm Pump2 Power 18 0 dBm Back Reflection Ratio 31 1 dB Pump1 Temperature 25 1 C Pump2 Temperature 25 0 C Pin Alarms common If amplification not brought online The reason should be reflected under the Status and alarms section of the show raman outp
32. information from nonvolatile storage write erase 4 Erases configuration information from nonvolatile storage flash memory write erase config lt storage location config gt Parameter lt storage location config gt 5 20 2 write memory Description Erase configuration from the specified storage location Without a lt storage location config gt write erase config erases the configuration in the startup config location Writes current configuration information to nonvolatile storage flash memory write memory lt storage location config gt Parameter lt storage location config gt 5 20 3 write network Description Write configuration to the specified storage location Without a lt storage 1location config gt write memory writes to the startup config location Writes current configuration information to a remote server using TFTP write network tftp server filename Parameter tftp server filename Description Specify IP address or hostname of a TETP server to which the write network command copies the current running config Specify name of the file to which the write network com mand copies the current configuration If the file already exists at the remote location write network overwrites it TFTP server In the event that flash backups of the configuration on the DXM itself become cor NOTE XKL strongly encourages you to keep a backup of your startup config data on a remote
33. laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave 9 User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave User Enabling TX laser on interface Wave localhost gt Power Supply O returned to normal Power Supply 1 returned to normal Temperature Sensor Inlet 0 online Temperature Sensor Midboard O online Temperature Sensor Outlet 2 online Fan Controller 2 online initializing Interface Ethernet 0 line up Temperature Sensor Outlet O online Fan Controller 0 online initializing 00 Y Nu UN q OrRFNWAUDN 00 Fibre Channel DXM This appendix provides technical information related to the use of the DXM system with Fibre Channel technology Before attempting to deploy DXM Fibre Channel links verify that the system supports the desired throughput over the additional distance Some host controllers have limited throughput capacity over long distances because of resource constraints with the data link protocol Fibre Channel hardware typically has a limited number of buffers it is willing to put into flight at any given time Once buffer capacity is
34. management console show commands allow you to monitor system activity from either a disabled or enabled mode login Monitoring Hardware The show interface and show environment commands display hardware information Show Interface and Show Environment Commands Command Description show interfaces Display information about the specified interface show interface summary Display a short summary of the interface information 3 2 1 1 Command Description show controllers Displays current operational warning and alarm status for client and wave interfaces show interface ethernet n Displays Ethernet interface parameters n identifies a specific Ethernet interface show interface client n Displays local client SFP XFP interface parameters n identi fies a specific client interface show interface wave n Displays DWDM SFP XFP interface parameters n identi fies a specific wave interface show environment fan Displays cooling fan module parameters show environment power Displays power module parameters show environment temp Displays temperatures and operational temperature ranges for various DXM components Monitoring Interfaces Several of the above commands are particularly helpful in monitoring the DXM sys tem and interface status The show interface and show interface summary com mands display what is deemed to be the most crucial state at any given time The show controllers command provides a complete list o
35. mapping is different on hybrids than on 3G and 10G systems Type configure to enter configuration mode Type connect client x wave y encapsulation z x is the client interface to be connected y is the wave channel to be connected z is the encapsulation type see details below Connect to the remote DXM on the other end of the main trunk line and using the same process connect the previously specified wave channels to the client inter faces that terminate the remote network services Save the updated configuration with a write memory command on each system Each connection between client interfaces and wave channels requires an encapsulation type The DXM command line can display the available encapsulation values for a particular interface If an encapsulation is not specified the connection will use the encapsulations the interfaces already have if they are the same or fail to pass data if they are different To display the encapsulations available for a client interface enter the following commands localhost configure localhost CONF interface client 0 localhost CONF INT CLIENT 0 encapsulation one of the following 10gigabitethernet fibrechannel sonet The following example connects client interface 0 to wave channel 0 with a SONET OC48 encap sulation localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF connect client 0 wave O encapsulation sonet oc48 localhost CONF exit localhost write memo
36. network management ports Ethernet 10 100 auto negotiation Green Power indicator light Amber Warning indicator light Red Alarm indicator light Front reset button Console serial port Line side signal detect lights Line side optical ports SR models shown other models have only one pair of line side ports Figure 1 2 DXM Rear View 1 Power module 2 Fan module 1 2 Amplification Overview Darkstar systems currently support two types of amplification EDFA DBA amplifiers use EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplification EDFA technology dopes an optical fiber as a gain medium to amplify an optical signal The signal and the pump laser are multi plexed into the doped fiber where the signal is amplified through interaction with the doping ions Raman DRA amplifiers use Raman scattering Raman amplification uses the transmission fiber as the gain medium by multiplexing a pump wavelength with signal wavelength thereby transferring optical energy from a pump laser to the signal beam Amplifiers generally serve three purposes in a system Booster increases signal launch power into the fiber Line Amplification increases repeater spacing Pre Amplification improves receiver sensitivity and signal to noise margin Each amplification type and its manner of deployment has unique characteristics and benefits The amplification technology and configuration used in a DXM system will depend upon trans mission dista
37. or IP address of radius server If multiple radius servers are specified the DXM will make attempts in the specified order auth port port Optionally specify host specific authorization port acct port port Optionally specify host specific accounting port key host specific key Optionally specify host specific radius server key Key must be configured as last item 5 5 26 radius server key CONF Sets radius server key radius server key lt global shared key gt Parameter Description lt global shared key gt Optionally specify a global shared key for radius server Specifying a host specific key overrides global shared key 5 5 27 raman CONF Raman amplifiers have the following configuration commands in DXMOS 5 5 27 1 apr osc detection CONF Enables detection of a remote optical service channel OSC signal as a part of the Automatic Power Reduction APR control system no apr osc detection Parameter Description apr osc detection Enable OSC as a part of APR control system no apr osc detection Disable OSC as a part of APR control system This mechanism is enabled by default A fiber type must be specified before osc detection can be disabled It is only useful to disable apr osc detction when a Raman amplifier is so far away from the remote DXM signal it is amplifying that it cannot detect the DXM s OSC CAUTION Disabling this safety feature may cause this device to operate outside of its laser s
38. previous example the full command typed by the user may be any of the following show environment show environment all show environment fans show environment power show environment temp A vertical bar means or It delimits alternate choices of key words and arguments in syntax examples Red angle brackets are a placeholder for user input that is not displayed such as password text Hold down the Control key and press C Press the Enter key to terminate all command lines Enter is not displayed as part of command line examples in this manual Warning CAUTION HAZARD LEVEL 1M LASER RADIATION DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH NON ATTENUATING OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Warning Do not stare into the laser prolonged exposure may lead to severe eye damage Contact XKL To obtain rapid assistance with specific technical issues or general information about Darkstar products use the following methods to contact XKL directly e For general inquiries email info xkl com or call 425 869 9050 e To access your private customer support account log on through the Customer Support web site http www xkl com support e To contact the sales office email sales xkl com or call 1 866 802 2777 Table of Contents Manual Organization iv 3 1 Updating Software and Gateware 18 Conventions Used in This Manual v 3 1 1 Downloading Updatess 18 Warning o e e e esce a me me maa
39. provides a sample boot dialog for a DXM hybrid system Appendix E describes the use of the DXM with Fibre Channel Appendix E explains the use of DHCP configuration with the DXM Appendix G describes the use of BERT testing with the DXM Appendix H explains acronyms commonly used in XKL documentation and their definitions Appendix Iis a glossary of terms used in the optical networking field Conventions Used in This Manual This manual uses the following typographical conventions Convention command line and syntax user entry argument 3 Description Text appearing on the command line is represented by mono space type system gt enable system Syntax examples for commands are also monospace show optical wavelength map Commands and keywords that are entered by the user are red system CONF line console system CONF LINE CTY Arguments to a command text that the user replaces with vari able information are written in italics hostname name Required keywords and arguments in syntax examples are grouped with curly braces ip name server address route address In the previous example the full command typed by the user may be either of the following ip name server address ip route address Convention a 9 Description Optional keywords and arguments in syntax examples are sur rounded by square brackets show environment all fans power temp In the
40. referencing this software or this function License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that such works are identified as derived from the RSA Data Security Inc MDS Message Digest Algorithm in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work RSA Data Security Inc makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose It is provided as is without express or implied warranty of any kind These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and or software Manual Organization Chapter introduces the DXM Transport Terminal hardware and operating environment soft ware Chapter 2 describes the configuration tasks required to get the DXM unit up and running Chapter 3 outlines ongoing configuration and administration operations including system up dates monitoring and configuration of special devices such as Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers EDFA Chapter 4 explains how to use the DXM Command Line Interface CLI Chapter 5 provides a detailed reference to all the commands in the DXMOS Chapter 5 provides troubleshooting procedures for the DXMOS Appendix A explains the preparation needed to install the DXM Appendix B describes how to install a DXM chassis on a rack mount system Appendix C describes how to replace power fan and laser modules in the DXM Appendix D
41. switched This argument must be the target interface through which traffic should be directed To manually switch from one interface to another enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF app switch wave east O wave west 0 localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost The app switch command takes an optional third argument force which forces the APP group to switch interfaces even if it is currently locked When performing maintenance on a DXM with a revertive APP group it is a good idea to first lock the group with app lockout to prevent au tomatic reversion to the working interface then use the force version of app switch to change which interface is carrying network traffic DHCP Configuration Once you have followed the steps outlined in previous sections you can use the completed con figuration file to set up semi automated configuration of your DXM system s using DHCP and TFTP protocols The DXM can act as a DHCP client to acquire a configuration file from remote DHCP TFTP server s This method of configuration is attempted when no startup config file is present in the flash memory or when the boot host dhcp command is issued and saved in startup config For more information related to DHCP configuration refer to command references in Chapter 5 and the DHCP Server Configuration Appendix Configuring and Administering the System
42. to be non revertive enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF no app revertive wave west 0 localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost An APP group may be locked to prevent it from switching Locking an APP group is a good idea during physical maintenance of one of the interfaces in the APP group it insures that an inter ruption in network traffic will not switch the connection to fiber that is currently disconnected or being handled To lock an APP group and prevent it from switching enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF app lockout wave west 0 localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost 2 7 Because a non revertive APP group does not automatically restore traffic flow to the working in terface when it is back online the app switch command must be used to manually switch back NOTE The app switch command may also be used to switch from the working interface to the protection interface but if this is done in a revertive APP group it will automatically switch back to the working interface again The app switch command takes two arguments First an interface that identifies the APP group to be switched Either interface in the APP group may be specified in the first argument Second the interface to which the APP group should be
43. vii 3 1 2 Installing Updates 18 ContactXKL viii 3 13 RebootingtheDXM 19 3 2 Monitoring the DXM 19 y PEI AA 3 2 1 Monitoring Hardware 19 1 1 Hardware Overview o o o 1 3 22 Loggingto T OES 3 ia EE ce x cena ae 4 3 2 3 Configuring the Circular Log Buffer 24 167 ODIN yn aso e s i 3 2 4 MonitoringwithSNMP 24 2 GettingStarted 5 3 2 5 DetectingErros 2 2 ee 24 2 1 Managing the Power Up and Reboot Process 6 SE AE e bape ata oe 2 2 Configuring the Management Network 7 33 SET ND MEEDA rare 2 23 Connecting to the DXM Operating System 8 Se UPM te etnies ce Sa a 2 3 1 Setting up Console Access 8 AAL AU re a 2 3 2 SettingupTelnetAccess 9 AAE Mr eN a 2 3 3 SettingupSSHAccess 9 4 Operating the 2 3 4 AccessControlLists 10 Command Line Interface 30 2 3 5 Setting up Multiple Users 11 4 1 Getting Help 30 2 3 6 SettingupAAA amp RADIUS 11 4 2 Abbreviating Commands 31 24 SecuringtheDXM 12 43 EditingtheCommandLine 31 2 4 1 Setting an Enabled Mode Password 12 44 CommandModes 32 2 4 2 Setting a Serial Console Password 12 4 4 1 DisabledModeCommands 32 25 Setting Time and Date 13 4 4 2 Changing Command Modes 32 2 6 Provisioni
44. yes Starting TFTP transfer File transferred successfully Preparing for Hardware Installation This appendix describes the requirements for installing the DXM hardware Standard Electronic Industries Association EIA Rack Two power circuits the DXM can use one circuit but two are recommended for redundancy 120 240 Volt AC 48 Volt DC or one of each The default shipped configuration includes mounting hardware for the standard 19 four post EIA rack For alternate racking support such as 19 two post rack or 23 rack contact your XKL sales representative The DXM can be installed in any standard 19 inch 4 post EIA rack that has access to one or two power circuits Two 28 inch slide rails are included for ease of access after installation Configure cables and fiber for the DXM to allow for adequate space and cable length to slide the box from the rack for service or maintenance without physically disconnecting it Allow a clearance of three inches behind the system box to permit sufficient air flow XKL suggests the use of power conditioning and surge suppression on power circuits B 1 Installing the Chassis This appendix describes how to install the DXM as a rack mount configuration Introduction This section describes some guidelines to consider when installing a DXM in any configuration The example in Section B 2 describes setting up a 4 post rack mount system Separate installation instru
45. 00 01 A6 This will allow the DHCP server to provide a single configuration regardless of which DXM management interface is used to obtain the configura tion host dxm sea 01 next server 10 3 0 32 option dhcp client identifier 01 00 A0 E3 00 01 A6 filename config 00 01 a6 NOTE Either the DHCP server must be directly connected to the subnet that connects to a DXM management interface or a system on that subnet must act as a DHCP relay BERT Bit Error Ratio Test BERT is a testing method that uses patterns of logical ones and zeros generated by a PRBS pseu dorandom binary sequence The DXM generates a PRBS with a bit length of 2431 1 Cur rently the DXM only supports BERT with XFP modules There are multiple methods for conducting a BERT 1 Test ona single DXM on one interface by looping together Tx and Rx sides 2 Test on paired DXMs by transmitting on an interface on the first unit and receiving on an interface on the second unit To begin BERT ensure that LoS and LoL conditions are not present Verify that the optical fibers between the selected interface s are properly secured and appropriately powered virtualight and laser shutdown must be disabled on the selected interface s Each interface must be set to the same encapsulation and the encapsulation must be supported by BERT The PRBS system uses a single clock setting and will automatically adjust to the encapsulation of the most recently selected interfac
46. 17 10 lol forward CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Enables and disables Loss of Lock LOL forwarding no lol forward Parameter Description 1ol forward Enable LOL forwarding no 1ol forward Disable LOL forwarding See Section 3 2 6 for additional information about LOL forwarding 5 5 17 11 virtualight CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Enables and disables Virtualight mode no virtualight Parameter Description virtualight Enable Virtualight mode no virtualight Disable Virtualight mode By default Virtualight is enabled for client interfaces and disabled for DWDM wave interfaces See Section 3 2 6 for information about Loss of Lock forwarding on interfaces with Virtualight 5 5 17 12 ip CONF INT ETH OSC Configures IP settings for an ethernet interface ip address ip address netmask poison reverse proxy arp rip receive version rip version rip send version rip version rip v2 broadcast split horizon Parameter Description address p address netmask Set the interface IP address to p address with a netmask of netmask Netmask is specified in Classless Inter Do main Routing CIDR notation poison reverse Enable the poisoning advertisement with infinite met ric 16 of routes that have become unreachable When combined with sp1it horizon routes received from a given subnet are advertised with infinite metric back to the subnet to help prevent routing loops Enabled in RIP by default proxy arp Allow the DXM t
47. 1Gbps 2Gbps OC3 OC12 OC48 OTUI line rate 10G DXM10 DXMh 10Gbps 10Gbps OC192 OTU2 line rate Each model can be configured to have either ten channels or five dual channels Signals passing through the system are regenerated in the OEO process DXM models include two non volatile ram NVRAM micro SD flash memories used for storage The startup or customer flash contains start up gateware boot image DXMOS software and configuration information These start up components are loaded during routine power up or warm reload procedures The factory flash contains factory gateware and factory boot and DXMOS software images The built in Optical Service Channel OSC provides remote management and operational moni toring multiplexed on the same fiber pair as the data signals and available at each end of every Figure 1 1 link Four front panel Ethernet ports allow for the interconnection of stacked systems and for connecting the DXM to the IP management network The Ethernet interfaces support automatic medium dependent interface crossover auto MDIX so the DXM detects whether a crossover or straight through cable is connected to an Ethernet port and automatically configures the inter face appropriately DXM Front View SSQSQBpwyy ISS Laser maintenance panel Client side optical ports Side reset button access port Reset by inserting the supplied reset tool or other nonconductive device into hole Ethernet
48. 5 5 16 18 show logging 75 5 16 19 show optical wavelength map 76 5 16 20 showpeers 2 2 o o ee 76 6 5 16 21 showrunning confg 76 5 16 22 showsntp o oo 77 5 16 23 showstartup config 77 5 16 24 show switch ouaaa 77 5 16 25 show tech support 77 5 16 26 show timer queue 77 5 16 27 show version o o o o o 77 517 HP ee ee ew ee ee Ee 78 518 SUNdeDUG 8 4 425 2 a oe Bee oe Geo 79 AS xs amp Gia aa sok a tein eee te Bod A 79 320 WNC ve eee ea ea ae eae ee 79 5 20 1 WIe erase o o ee ee 79 5 20 2 writememory 00 80 5 20 3 write network o 80 5 204 writeterminal 80 Troubleshooting 81 6 1 Troubleshooting Matrices 81 6 1 1 Hardware Physical Issues 82 6 1 2 Softwarelssues 83 6 1 3 Interface Issues 84 6 2 TroubleshootingCommands 88 6 3 Front Panel LED Codes 88 64 SO WATO oo 89 6 4 1 DXMOS Recovery Mode 91 Preparing for Hardware Installation 93 Installing the Chassis 94 B 1 Introduction s e e a ee ee 94 B 2 Installing in a 4 Post Rack 95 B 3 Connecting to DC Power 98 Replacing Modules 100 C1 ReplacingaPowerModule 100 C2 ReplacingaFanModule 102 C3 Replacing a Wave
49. Errors The DXM uses LOL forwarding to forward errors and accomplish the following Protect DXM wave transmitters and receivers from variations in power levels caused by noisy signals or when end to end connections do not originate from valid client interface signals Facilitate consistent DXM module error states when an interface detects an up stream signal integrity problem Facilitate consistent signal integrity error detection by client connected systems when upstream signal integrity problems are detected When LOL forwarding is enabled signal integrity errors detected by the optical receiver or re ceiver CDR circuitry cause one of two error forwarding mechanisms to be invoked For interfaces with virtualight enabled LOL forwarding disables the downstream switch connected interface transmitter whenever any signal integrity error is de tected upstream For interfaces with virtualight disabled LOL forwarding sends a signal to the downstream switch connected interface when a signal integrity error is detected upstream The error forwarding signal stabilizes transmitter power levels avoiding damage to DWDM transmitters receivers The signal integrity error is detected consistently further downstream The error forwarding state of an interface is displayed by the show interface command For in terfaces not connected to another interface on the switch board the show interface command may report generating PRBS
50. F THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Copyright 1995 1996 1997 1998 Lars Fenneberg lt If elemental net gt Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted provided that this copyright and permission notice appear on all copies and supporting documentation the name of Lars Fenneberg not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the program without specific prior permission and notice be given in supporting documentation that copying and distribution is by permission of Lars Fenneberg Lars Fenneberg makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose It is provided as is without express or implied warranty Copyright O 1992 Livingston Enterprises Inc Livingston Enterprises Inc 6920 Koll Center Parkway Pleasanton CA 94566 Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted provided that this copyright and permission notice appear on all copies and supporting documentation the name of Livingston Enterprises Inc not be used in advertising or pub licity pertaining to distribution of the program without specific prior permission and notice be given in supporting documentation that copying and distribution is by permission of Livingston Enterprises Inc Livingston Enterprises Inc makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose It is prov
51. ITHOUT CONFIG INTERVENTION 6 4 1 DXMOS Recovery Mode If at startup DXM startup config is detected to be unreadable DXMOS enters recovery mode All telnet and SSH access to the DXM is disabled in recovery mode This is a very rare occurrence Only the console can be used to try to recover without dropping any switch board traffic Recovery mode makes available a limited set of commands to load a remote copy of startup config The system entered recovery mode because it could not read from the startup flash To prevent dropping switch board traffic the software did not modify the switch board configuration You can use the configure network command to recover the system configuration if you have a backup of it Please see the DXM Transport Terminal Manual for more details The commands available in recovery mode are Command Description configure Enter configure mode to configure an ethernet interface in advance of issuing aconfigure network command configure network Download a remote configuration backup when a management ethernet is already configured continue In cases where flash memory is unreadable and the config file is lost continue system start up without any configuration file which causes the loss of switch board configuration and user data if the DXM was operating previously In cases where only some portions of startup or flash memory are corrupted and the config file remains intact executin
52. L Toolkit and OpenSSL Project must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission For written permission please contact openssl core openssl org 5 Products derived from this software may not be called OpenSSL nor may OpenSSL appear in their names without prior written permission of the OpenSSL Project 6 Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OPENSSL PROJECT AS IS AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES IN CLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPENSSL PROJECT ORITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIM ITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTER RUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE The DXM contains code derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation by Christos Zoulas Copyright 1998 The NetBSD Foundat
53. NF LINE VTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost Setting up AAA amp RADIUS The DXM can be configured to work with a RADIUS server to provide centralized authentication authorization and accounting services Use of AAA services also allows finer grain control when using local login methods For more information related to AAA and RADIUS configuration re fer to their respective commands in the configuration section of the Chapter 5 Command Line Interface Reference 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 Securing the DXM In addition to setting up passwords for telnet and SSH access the DXM may be secured by setting passwords for enabled mode and for the serial console terminal Setting an Enabled Mode Password Setting a password for enabled mode prevents unauthorized changes from being made to DXM settings To assign an enabled mode password enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF enable secret password localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost When the enabled mode password is set the DXM prompts for a password when you use the enable command localhost gt enable password lt gt localhost To remove enabled mode password security or change the password enter the following commands localhost configure localhost CONF no enable secret localhost CONF end localhost CONF write memory Are y
54. OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or derivative of this code cannot be changed i e this code cannot simply be copied and put under another distribution licence including the GNU Public Licence The DXM includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org OpenSLL is Copyright 1998 2001 The OpenSSL Project All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following dis claimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 Alladvertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgment This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org 4 The names OpenSS
55. OSC link the OSC ports must be on a subnet distinct from the Ethernet ports In addition all DXMs and equipment communicating to the remote DXM require valid routes that come from static or proxy ARP configurations or from information acquired through Routing Information Protocol RIP The following example shows the process for configuring Ethernet interfaces It defines an IP ad dress and subnet mask for Ethernet interface 0 To configure an Ethernet interface enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF interface ethernet 0 localhost CONF INT ETH O 4 ip address 192 168 0 1 24 localhost CONF INT ETH 0 end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes After you complete the Ethernet configuration you can integrate the DXM into your management network See Section 5 5 for additional commands to configure the management network Connecting to the DXM Operating System You can administer the DXM directly from a console terminal connection On a DXM with cor rectly configured network connections you can administer it from a remote computer using tel net or Secure Shell SSH Section 2 3 1 describes how to set up console access Section 2 3 2 describes how to set up telnet access and Section 2 3 3 describes how to set up ssh access Setting up Console Access The console is a minimal RS 232 Data Terminal Equipment DTE configuration Wiring for the 8 pin modular jack RJ 45 t
56. Pool Multiplexer Network Attached Storage Non Dispersion Shifted Fiber Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Small Form factor Pluggable module Abbreviation WADE WAN WDM XFP Definition Virtual Terminal Wide Area Network Wavelength Division Multiplexing 10 gigabit small Form factor Pluggable module Glossary The glossary provides definitions for key terms and concepts used in the DXM Transport Terminal Manual and for some terms standard in the optical industry Add DropMultiplexer ADM A multiplexer that can add one or more lower bandwidth signals to an existing high bandwidth data stream and simultaneously extract other low bandwidth signals removing them from the stream and redirecting them to another network path Address Resolution Protocol ARP The method for finding a host s hardware address when only its IP address is known ARP is primarily used to translate IP addresses to Ethernet MAC addresses All Optical Network AON Optical network environments that exploit multiple channel wavelengths for switching routing or distribution using light instead of electronics Ambient Temperature The temperature of the medium surrounding an object In general room temperature and ambient temperature are the same Automatic Laser Shutdown ALS A protocol that shuts down the optical output power of remote transmitters automatically if a remote link is broken
57. The actual release mechanism varies with the type of laser in the system 5 Slide the laser out of the cage 6 Insert the replacement laser module into the cage and press up on the lever to lock it in place The latch side of the module should be facing up Slide the laser into the cage until you hear a click Be sure any DWDM laser inserted is the same channel as the one removed 7 Clean the ends of the fiber with an approved fiber cleaner A fiber cleaner is in cluded with the DXM Clean one fiber and insert it into the laser Then clean the other fiber and insert it Do not try to clean and insert both at the same time 8 Insert the fiber into the laser module 9 Close and secure the hatch by reversing the process described in Step 2 10 Slide the unit back into the rack Sample Boot Up Type Out This appendix includes an example of the DXM boot up dialog described in Chapter 2 The following example shows a typical boot of an unconfigured DXM hybrid system after power up without any user intervention Chapter 2 provides a description of the system boot process The system may generate a slightly different display depending on the hardware and software con figuration System Processor XKL 2 Ver 400000000632 MiniBoot version 1 5 37 1 Copyright c 1993 2009 XKL LLC All rights reserved This product is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses rest
58. _dsa hostkey private Are you sure yes no yes Starting TFTP transfer HEAR AAA AAA AA AAA AAA AAA AAA File transferred successfully Completing flash write localhost tftp 10 15 1 98 id_dsa pub hostkey public Are you sure yes no yes Starting TFTP transfer HEAR AA AAA AAA AA AAA AA REE File transferred successfully Completing flash write localhost NOTE Only DSA keys are supported by the DXM RSA keys will not work Access Control Lists If the DXM is not on a private management network and remote Telnet and SSH access is enabled Access Control Lists ACL should be used ACLs increase security and mitigate opportunities for denial of service attacks Traffic that comes into the router is compared to ACL entries based on the order that the entries occur in the router New statements are added to the end of the list The router continues to look until it has a match If no matches are found when the router reaches the end of the list the traffic is denied For this reason you should have the frequently hit entries at the top of the list There is 2 3 5 2 3 6 an implied deny for traffic that is not permitted A single entry ACL with only one deny entry has the effect of denying all traffic Masks are used with IP addresses in IP ACLs to specify what should be permitted and denied Masks in order to configure IP addresses on interfaces start with 255 and have the large values on the left side for example IP address
59. able 600 second timeout continued on next D age Corrupted software Solution Copy non corrupted gateware or Boot to customer flash chip ou must determine whether the corrupted bits resides on the customer or the factory chip Be aware that the customer chip also as a backup copy of boot Refer to the software information and diagrams in the latter part of this chapter to aid in your trouble shooting Note that if factory flash chip is damaged this is a problem that requires XKL technical sup port Boot DXMOS from flash image correct boot TFTP configuration entries save corrected configura tions in startup config or remote DHCP config then reload DXMOS ither correct TFTP server avail ability or boot DXMOS from flash image Copy non corrupted software to customer flash chip or TFTP server The system has a customer chip and a factory chip and you must determine on which chip the corrupted software resides Note that if factory flash chip is damaged this is a problem that requires factory support 6 1 3 Interfaces Symptom Cause DXMOS booted but software nresponsive continued DXMOS fails to load 600 second timeout DXMOS Recovery Mode DXMOS is unable to read start DXMOS enters recov ery mode Interface Issues Symptom Cause Solution This likely indicates a software fault and the only recourse to avoid customer traffic disruption is a warm reload front
60. afety classification 5 5 27 2 auto startup CONF Performs Raman bring up procedures no auto startup Parameter Description auto startup Peform bring up procedures no auto startup Disable auto startup procedures When enabled auto startup takes precedent over manual control settings By default auto startup is disabled Once a Raman amplifier is in a fully operational state no auto startup can be specified without interrupting amplifier operation 5 5 27 3 control pump power CONF Defines the set points for the Raman pump lasers control pump power maximum lt power level in mW gt Parameter Description maximum Define set point value in mW lt power level in mW gt Define set point as a maximum value that is automatically determined for each pump and application fiber type 5 5 27 4 fiber type CONF Sets the type of fiber used by the Raman amplifier fiber type lt fiber type gt Parameter Description lt fiber type gt Specify fiber type for use with Raman amplifier Attributes of the amplifier s control system are adjusted when fiber type is changed because different fiber types have different physical properties with regard to Raman amplification The default fiber type is SMF g 252 5 5 27 5 label CONF Appends a user specified metadata label to the Raman amplifier s UI no label Parameter Description label Append metadata label to Raman amplifier UI no label Exclude metadata lab
61. al on the working interface is interrupted the protection interface takes over XFP A hot swappable protocol independent optical transceiver typically operating at 1310nm or 1550nm Bringing fundamental change to worldwide telecommunications XKL LLC 5020 148th Avenue NE Suite 100 Redmond WA 98052 425 869 9050 Fax 425 861 7863 xxkl com o oo oe e088 oo e oo
62. alhost gt NOTE DNS must be configured with the ip name server command see Section 5 5 15 for remote host to work with a hostname instead of an IP address 5 13 reload Reloads the DXM operating system software reload The reload command does not affect the transport interfaces client and wave unless there is a difference between the saved configuration startup config and the running configuration To ensure that the transport interfaces are unaffected by reload use the write memory command before the reload 5 14 set fan controllers Sets a hexadecimal bit mask to select DXM fan controllers set fan controllers hex value Parameter Description hex value Set which DXM fan controllers to use by specifying a hexadecimal bit mask in hex va7ue Each bit in the bit mask represents a fan controller starting at controller 0 in the right most bit For example to configure the DXM to use fan controllers 0 and 2 the binary bit mask is 101 which is represented by a hex value of 5 5 15 5 16 5 16 1 5 16 2 The set fan controllers command is useful when the default fan controller configuration has been changed by attaching additional fan modules to the DXM system Changes made by the set fan controllers command are persistent and need not be saved to non volatile storage with the write memory command However the changes made do not take effect immediately the system must be reloaded set split trunk 4 Con
63. and creates an APP group no app lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt Parameter Description lt transport identifierl gt Specify the working interface lt transport identifier2 gt Specify the protected interface no app Remove the protection group that contains lt transport lt transport identifierl gt ae identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt 5 5 5 1 app lockout CONF Locks an automatic path protection APP group so it does not switch interfaces effectively dis abling switching but not data multicasting no app lockout lt transport identifier gt Parameter Description lockout Specify by interface the APP group to lock lt transport identifier gt no lockout Specify by interface the APP group to release from lock lt transport identifier gt Sut NOTE A locked APP group may still switch interfaces through the app switch force command 5 5 5 2 app revertive CONF Configures an automatic path protection APP group to be revertive no app revertive lt transport identifier gt holdoff reversion holdoff Parameter Description lt transport identifier gt Make the APP group containing the specified transport revertive holdoff Optionally specify a time in milliseconds for the given pavers TOA AO UE 4 interface to wait before reverting no app revertive Make the APP group containing the specified transport lt transport identifier gt non teveiNe
64. and disconnects when issued from telnet or SSH session Disconnects from the DXM Sends test packets to a specific address Displays configuration and other system information Displays version information about the DXM Description Clears some aspect of the DXM software or a hardware compo nent state Sets time and date of the DXM system clock Places the DXM in configuration mode Copies configuration software images and gateware images be tween storage locations Enables diagnostic debugging output Exits enabled mode No op when DXM is in enabled mode Returns to disabled mode when issued from console configured without password protection logs out when issued from console configured with password protection logs out and disconnects when issued from telnet or SSH session Disconnects from the DXM Reverses the action of the specified command Sends test packets to a specified address Reloads the DXM software and gateware Sets values for DXM system functions Displays configuration and other information Updates DXM software gateware and configuration from an external server Stops diagnostic debugging output Displays version information about the DXM Writes configuration information to storage or an external server Table 5 3 Configure Mode Command Summary Command access list Description Defines an IP access control list 5 3 5 3 1 Command app boot clock connect do edfa enable secret end
65. cate whether a power cycle has occurred since the last reload and if it has whether it was an internal or external power cycle When managing the DXM remotely this information may helpful to determine the cause of a power cycle NOTE If you make changes to running config and you reload without saving changes to start up config you will lose the changes made to the running config As a result when the system reboots the previous startup config will take effect and the loss of running config changes may results in a loss of customer traffic 2 2 Configuring the Management Network The DXM contains software that handles Internet Protocol IP connectivity between manage ment systems and the Optical Service Channel OSC The OSCs communicate with each other over the main DWDM optical link OSC 0 on non redundant networks DXM 10 and OSC 0 or 1 east or west on redundant networks DXM SR DXM SR systems use the labels East and West to describe their two five channel trunk con 2 3 2 3 1 nections When viewed from the front of the DXM the left connector is West and the right connector is East The wave interfaces for each trunk are labeled direction followed by n for interface 0 4 You can configure any unused Ethernet interface to connect to a management network NOTE The DXM management network behaves as a router and not as a switch This means that to reach equipment on the remote end of an
66. cate whether it was an internal or external power cycle 5 17 tftp Updates configurations software images and gateware images from remote sources tftp tftp server remote file name lt storage location gt hostkey private hostkey public Parameter Description tftp server Specify IP address or hostname of the server containing the configuration software image or gateware image file to copy remote file name Specify name of file on remote TFTP server lt storage location gt Specify storage location to which the file is copied hostkey private Specify that the file should be stored as the DXM s private SSH encryption key hostkey public Specify that the file should be stored as the DXM s public SSH encryption key The tftp command requires a configured cabled ethernet port that provides connectivity to a func tioning TFTP server that hosts relevant DXM files See the interface command in Section 5 5 13 for information about managing the DXM system s ethernet configuration Configuring TFTP 5 18 5 19 5 20 5 20 1 servers is beyond the scope of this manual CAUTION It is possible to corrupt valid storage locations using the tftp command No checks are made to ensure the downloaded data files are legitimate DXM data files Using tftp to create copies can take several minutes To avoid creating a corrupted or incomplete copy do not interrupt the tftp command Interruption of flash memory write ope
67. ce for interacting with hardware or software The DXM uses a CLI to present the operator with information and to receive configuration commands from the operator The system delivers the CLI to a console through a serial connection or to a networked terminal through a Virtual Terminal VTY Cladding The material surrounding the core of an optical fiber Since the cladding has a lower refraction index than the core transmitted light is forced to travel down the core Core The light conducting central portion of an optical fiber with a higher refraction index than the cladding Crossbar Switch Switch with a matrix of connections between inputs and outputs If the switch has M inputs and N outputs a crossbar has a matrix with M x N crosspoints or places where the bars cross Demultiplexer dmux A module that separates two or more signals previously equipment combined by multiplexing Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM A technique where optical signals with different transmitted wavelengths are combined together and separated again Dichroic Filter An optical filter that transmits light according to wavelength light that is not transmitted is reflected Dielectric A nonconducting or insulating substance that resists passage of electric current Diffraction Grating An array of fine parallel equally spaced reflecting or transmitting lines that mutually enhance the effects of diffracti
68. channel optical signals to the input and output ports and switch between the two OXCs can have optical or electrical switch matrixes Optical Mux Demux OMD A filter that multiplexes and demultiplexes optical signals onto a fiber Unlike an OADM the OMD does not allow any signals to pass through See also OADM Optical Link Loss Budget The total loss allowable between an optical transmitter and its corresponding receiver before the signal becomes undetectable Optical Receiver An opto electric circuit that detects incoming lightwave signals and converts them to the appropriate electronic signals for processing by the receiving device Optical Service Channel OSC Mechanism that transports information about system parameters to the software of the management system Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTDR An instrument used in design and diagnostics that locates faults or infers attenuation in optical networks Passive Device A component that does not require external power to manipulate or react to optical output including optical mux demux modules Photodetector An opto electronic transducer such as a photodiode Photodiode A semiconductor device that converts light to electrical current Physical Layer The first layer of the OSI reference model All optical technologies such as DWDM work at the physical layer Polarization Mode Dispersion PMD An inherent property of optical media caused
69. cification 8472 http www sftcommittee com XFP Monitoring Issue the show interface or show interface summary command to obtain a re port If a fault state is indicated and the Alarms column of the report is populated it will refer to one of four error general error codes Fault Nt _Rdy Warning or Alarm A fault indicates the module is in one of several fault states that is keeping either Recieve Rx or Transmit Tx from functioning properly It also indicates that the data path is like ly not fully operational In practice this may be the result of the low signal power on the transmitter due to manual or automatic laser shutdown or actual module malfunction Nt_Rdy indicates that the module is in a not ready state which implies one or more of the following issues receiver LOL transmitter LOL or TX fault Oth er signals deemed valuable to detecting fault may be reflected in this alarm value Table 3 1 2 Table 3 2 3 A warning indicates that although the module may be operating it is in a state that is close to causing issues with customer data and the cause should be investigat ed An alarm indicate that customer data loss has likely already occurred and imme diate action should be taken to investigate and resolve the issue as soon as possible At this point you should issue the show controllers command to obtain additional diagnostic information With XFP modules the error codes that
70. control commands 5 5 11 3 control pump current CONF EDFA Specifies target laser bias current as a set point for controlling amplifier 5 5 11 4 5 5 11 5 5 5 11 6 control pump current lt current in mA x y gt Parameter Description lt current in mA x y gt Set control point in mA NOTE Only one EDFA control command method output gain output power or pump current may be employed at any given time Therefore when you issue any EDFA control command it becomes the de facto set point for amplifier control and invalidates previously issued control commands disable CONF EDFA Enables or disables EDFA output no disable Parameter Description disable Disable EDFA output This is the default no disable Enable EDFA output CAUTION This command will be deprecated in future versions of the software The shutdown command will replace it do CONF EDFA Executes top level commands without leaving EDFA configuration mode do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving EDFA configuration mode end CONF EDFA Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command line 5 5 11 7 exit CONF EDFA Exits EDFA configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exi
71. ctions are included with the optional 2 post system If the DXM is installed in a closed or multi unit rack assembly the operating ambi ent temperature of the rack environment may be greater than room temperature Therefore install the DXM in an environment where the temperature at the front air inlet is in the range of 0 to 55 C Do not obstruct the air inlets on the front panel or the air outlets on the rear panel of the DXM Be sure the DXM is securely installed in the rack and not unbalanced in such a way that it may tip over and cause injury AC power supplies require 100 to 240VAC 50 60Hz 6A maximum DC power supplies require 48 to 60V DC 16 5A maximum When powering multiple DXMs from a single branch circuit do not overload the circuit beyond its rated capacity Be sure that reliable grounding is in place when installing a DXM Use plug strips for connections to the branch circuit to make sure that proper grounding is main tained B 2 Installing in a 4 Post Rack 1 Locate the mounting rails in the accessory box Remove the inner rails from the outer rails 2 Fasten the L shaped locking brackets to the DXM with two M3 x 6mm screws on each side 3 Attach the inner rails to the sides of the DXM by sliding the ends of the rails into the tabs near the rear of the DXM then laying the rails alongside the DXM Fasten the rails in three locations on each side with the M4 screws supplied three screws
72. d can be used on the receiving inter face to obtain test results up to the time that the command was issued The information can be found in the BERT results category of the command s report This method may be useful to spot check results during an ongoing BERT To end the BERT and obtain final test results use the no parameter for each BERT command and issue them in reverse order no bert receive on the receiving interface followed by no bert transmit on the transmitting interface Final test results are automatically generated when no bert receive is issued The BERT test results message will contain the total number of bits received total single bit errors and the total time elapsed in seconds The maximum number of errors reported is 4 2 bil lion Errors beyond the maximum limit will result in overflow Once you have generated a report the results can be used to manually calculate the bit error rate using the second formula below Confidence Level amp BER Standards The tables below specify the required test period in minutes that is necessary to achieve a confidence level of 95 or 99 The time displayed in the UI should be used to make this calculation Do not use an external clock This information is intended for testing with all XFP encapsulation types supported by the DXM CL confidence level E maximum errors allowed for the specified duration of the test To achieve an industry standard BER of 10 use the following confid
73. d green LEDs shown in Figure 1 1 flash to indicate system state Table E 1 describes the LED patterns and their meanings To cycle the power Use anonconductive reset tool to press and immediately release the side reset but ton WARNING Do not use a metal object such as a paperclip to press the side reset button Doing so may expose the operator to hazardous voltages or damage the DXM CAUTION Cycling the power disrupts the transport interfaces It should be done only in cases where the system is completely frozen or when a physical hard reset of all hardware is desired When powered up for the first time or when started with an empty or nonexistent start up con figuration the DXM performs the following steps 1 MiniBoot a lightweight boot loader loads from the startup gateware and executes a larger more functional boot loader known as Boot from the startup boot loca tion in the customer flash storage 2 Boot attempts to obtain configuration information via DHCP and TFTP If Boot successfully obtains the configuration file Boot passes the configuration to DX MOS Otherwise DXMOS is started without configuration information 3 After a delay 10 seconds by default Boot loads DXMOS from the image location specified in the configuration or from the startup image by default The following message appears Type Ctrl C to abort or any other key to boot now If you press before the automatic boot comple
74. d to follow this reference shortens some often re peated syntax segments When you use a command expand the shortcut in its syntax reference to include the relevant options lt edfa identifier gt Expands to east west edfa number lt ethernet identifier gt Expands to ethernet loopback osc interface number lt transport identifier gt On non redundant systems see Section 5 15 set split trunk no expands to client wave interface number On DXM SR systems see Section 5 15 set split trunk yes expands to client wave east west interface number lt interface identifier gt On non redundant systems see Section 5 15 set split trunk no expands to lt ethernet identifier gt lt transport identifier gt interface number On DXM SR systems see Section 5 15 set split trunk yes expands to client ethernet loopback osc wave east west interface_ number lt encapsulation type gt On 3G lines expands to copper fastethernet fddi fibrechannel 1g 2g gigabitethernet sonet oc12 oc3 oc48 stml stm16 stm4 On 10G lines expands to l0gigabitethernet l0gigabitethernet fec fibrechannel 10g sonet oc192 sonet oc192 fec 5 1 1 6 lt storage location boot gt Expands to startup boot factory boot backupl boot NOTE The copy command may copy from any factory storage location However none of the facto
75. ds while reflecting signals in other frequency bands Gigabit Ethernet GigE GigE is a backbone LAN technology offering data speeds up to 1000 Mbps GigE can use either a shared or switched medium Gigahertz GHz Unit of current or wave frequency that equals one thousand million hertz Graded Index Fiber An optical fiber in which the refractive index of the core decreases toward the cladding Hertz Hz Number of cycles per second Hot Swappable The ability to add or remove a component from a system without first removing the power to that component Hubbed Ring In a hubbed ring network topology all channels originate and terminate from a hub node The other nodes on the ring sometimes called satellite nodes add and drop one or more channels The added and dropped channels terminate at the node while the channels that are not being dropped sometimes called express channels are passed through optically without being electrically terminated Insertion Loss in dB that results from inserting a component such The attenuation measured as a connector or splice into a previously continuous path Intermediate Reach A distance specification for optical systems that operate effectively from 3 to 20 km Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP A protocol used in Internet Protocol networking to send error and diagnostic messages Internet Protocol address IP A unique number that devices use to ide
76. e For this reason separate interfaces used with BERT must be set to the same encapsulation If encapsulation is different on each interface the PRBS generator will lose lock on the data and the test will fail to initiate The commands used to run BERT are fully detailed in the Chapter 5 Command Line Interface Reference Only one BERT receive command can be issued at a time on a single DXM There fore when performing BERT with a single or paired units only one BERT can be performed at a time and you must cancel a current BERT before attempting to start a new test However it is possible to run concurrent BERTS if you transmit from different interfaces on a single DXM and receive on multiple separate DXMs The BERT test is accomplished by selecting the desired interface s and issuing a bert transmit command on the transmitting interface followed by a bert receive command on the receiving interface The bert transmit command initiates PRBS generation The bert receive com mand initiates reception of the PRBS stream and begins counting bits errors and the elapsed time After you initiate PRBS generation and reception on the selected interface s you will need to al low the BERT to run at a time interval determined by a target confidence level This interval can be determined using the table provided at the end of this appendix There are two methods for obtaining BERT test results While the BERT is running the show interface comman
77. e Shell SSH access to the DXM requires setting a password for the VTY line The 2 3 4 VTY line must also be configured to accept connections via SSH The password command sets the password for the VTY line The login command enables remote login over the VTY line The transport input ssh command configures the VTY line to accept login at tempts via the SSH protocol To set up remote SSH access to all configured DXM Ethernet interfaces enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF line vty localhost CONF LINE VTY password new password localhost CONF LINE VTY login localhost CONF LINE VTY transport input ssh localhost CONF LINE VTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost NOTE You can enable both telnet and SSH access through the VTY line by using the command transport input all orby omitting any transport input command since the default is all The DXM comes with SSH public and private keys installed but for extra security you may want to generate your own keys and upload them to the DXM The DXM has no facility for creating its own keys so they must be generated on an external computer and copied to the DXM via TFTP The client key must be world readable during TFTP which can pose a security risk on an unse cured network To copy SSH keys to the DXM enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost tftp 10 15 1 98 id
78. e Software Load from Reload Reload Factory Settings Front button push and release no no yes no Front button push and hold no yes yes no Side button push and release yes yes yes no Side button push and hold yes yes yes yes DXMOS reload command no yes yes no Power cycle disconnecting both yes yes yes no power supplies DXMOS software fault no yes yes no Watchdog timeout no yes yes no Recovery mode resulting from cor no yes yes operator s rupted customer flash choice Failure to load customer gateware no yes yes yes Push and release means pushing the button and immediately releasing it Push and hold means pushing the button and holding it in for at least 3 seconds 1 Pressing the side reset button always causes system power to cycle Either holding or releasing the button causes the switch board to reset and all customer traffic to stop Figure 2 1 2 1 gt gt There are two hardware reset buttons on the DXM illustrated in Figure 2 1 Hardware Reset Buttons SSISIIIVS ISS 1 The side reset button cycles system power 2 The front reset button resets the system without cycling power Managing the Power Up and Reboot Process The DXM powers up as soon as either of its power supplies is plugged in Since the DXM is de signed to be powered on continuously it does not have a power switch The side reset button cy cles the internal power and reloads software and gateware Red amber an
79. e the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode 5 5 11 edfa CONF Places the DXM in Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA configuration mode edfa lt edfa identifier gt edfa number Parameter Description lt edfa identifier gt Identifies the EDFA amplifier edfa number Specify which EDFA to configure O NOTE The edfa command is available only on DXM systems with an EDFA installed 5 5 11 1 control output gain CONF EDFA Specifies target output gain as a set point for controlling amplifier control output gain lt dB x y gt Parameter Description lt dB x y gt Set control point in dB O NOTE Only one EDFA control command method output gain output power or pump current may be employed at any given time Therefore when you issue any EDFA control command it becomes the de facto set point for amplifier control and invalidates previously issued control commands 5 5 11 2 control output power CONF EDFA Specifies target output power as a set point for controlling amplifier control output power lt dBm x y gt Parameter Description lt dBm x y gt Set control point in dBm D NOTE Only one EDFA control command method output gain output power or pump current may be employed at any given time Therefore when you issue any EDFA control command it becomes the de facto set point for amplifier control and invalidates previously issued
80. el from Raman amplifier UI A metadata label allows for the inclusion of information about the link s purpose location and other similar data By default there is no label 5 5 27 6 show raman CONF Displays information about Raman amplifier state and function show raman lt raman identifier gt Parameter Description lt raman identifier gt Specify the Raman amplifier against which the command is executed 5 5 27 7 shutdown CONF Enables or disables amplification no shutdown Parameter Description shutdown Enable amplification no shutdown Disable amplification By default amplification is disabled 5 5 28 router rip CONF Places the DXM in Routing Information Protocol RIP configuration mode no router rip Parameter Description router rip Enable router rip no router rip Disable router rip 5 5 28 1 do CONF RIP Executes top level commands 5 5 28 2 5 5 28 3 5 5 28 4 5 5 28 5 do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode distance CONF RIP Sets the RIP distance no distance rip distance Parameter Description distance rip distance Set the RIP distance value to rip distance no distance Remove RIP distance setting end CONF RIP Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end
81. ence intervals all values specified in minutes CL E 0 E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E S 95 Sl 80 106 130 154 177 99 78 112 141 169 195 220 To achieve an industry standard BER of 107 use the following confidence intervals all values specified in minutes CL E 0 E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E sS 95 5 8 11 13 16 18 99 8 12 15 17 20 22 Calculating the Bit Error Ratio BER Bit error ratio is a function of E number of individual bit errors total PRBS errors received N number of bits received on the interface total PRBS bits received The bit error rate can be calculated using the following formula BER E N Acronyms amp Abbreviations This appendix defines acronyms and abbreviations used in the manual and in the optical industry Abbreviation ADM AON ARP APP BER CIDR CTY DMUX DWDM DSF DFB FPGA GHz GBps ICMP LAN LOA LOL LOS MIB MSDP MUX NAS NDSF NZ DSF PRBS SFP Definition Add Drop Multiplexer All Optical Network Address Resolution Protocol Automatic Path Protection Bit Error Ratio Classless Inter Domain Routing Console Terminal Demultiplexer Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Dispersion Shifted Fiber Distributed Feedback Laser Field Programmable Gate Array Gigahertz Gigabits per second Internet Control Message Protocol Local Area Network Loss of Activity Loss of Lock Loss of Signal Metropolitan Area Network Management Information Base Multicast Source Discovery
82. er buffer size in messages localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost To view the contents of the log buffer enter the following command localhost show log 0 01 45 15 Authentication Success 10 15 1 98 0 01 46 17 Authentication Failure 10 15 1 98 0 01 46 22 Authentication Success 10 15 1 98 MARK messages do not appear in the circular log buffer 3 2 4 Monitoring with SNMP The DXM can be monitored with Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP To start a read only SNMP server on the DXM enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF snmp server community community string SNMP server starting localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost To enable SNMP traps and send them to a monitoring system enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF snmp server enable traps localhost CONF snmp server host monitoring system ip address localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost 3 2 5 Detecting Errors Error detection at optical frequencies on the DXM is limited to the physical layer of the network stack The DXM relies on signal integrity indicators from the SFP XFP modules and Clock and Data Recovery CDR circuitry on the switch board The most common indicators used to monitor the integrity of incoming op
83. ere is a shutdown sensor embedded in the DXM circuit board If the shutdown sensor reaches 70 C the DXM will automatically power off disrupting switch board traffic The DXM will not be able to power on again until the sensor cools to less than 67 C Logging to Syslog The DXM can send logging information to a Syslog server To log messages to a Syslog server enter the following commands localhost configure localhost CONF logging host 1p address of syslog server localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost To send periodic heartbeat MARK messages to a syslog collector enter the following commands localhost configure localhost CONF logging mark mark interval in minutes localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost When MARK is enabled a line similar to the following appears in the syslog server logs at the specified interval Oct 31 17 54 20 10 15 1 153 localhost Uptime 0 01 38 36 DXM MARK 3 2 3 Configuring the Circular Log Buffer The DXM can store log messages in a volatile circular buffer on the DXM itself A circular buffer when it becomes full continues recording by overwriting the oldest messages Once filled it will always contain the buffer size in messages most recent log messages To enable the circular log buffer enter the following commands localhost configure localhost CONF logging buff
84. es please contact your XKL representative for additional assistance 6 1 1 Hardware Physical Symptom System dead Temperature Temperature warning or alarm Hardware Physical Issues Cause Solution DXM is not connected to external Connect DXM to external power power source source No external power Both power supplies are missing One or more fan units are failing Sensor failure Investigate external power prob em Replace or properly seat power Correct operating environment temperature issues reduce temperature Run show environ ment temp Iflogging is enabled run show logging and you will receive a list of events that may show temperature warning events If SNMP is configured and you have an SNMP external trap monitor then you may see a history of traps that include temperature warning events If fan failure replace fans Run show env fans command to determine which fan s are fail ing then replace fan module Identify the component causing the failure with show env temp command If outlet 0 or 2 tem perature readings are obviously rong investigate and possibly replace corresponding fan mod ule 0 or 2 6 1 2 Software Software Issues Symptom Boot Corrupted gateware or Boot on customer flash chip iniboot embedded in gateware or Boot fails ncorrect TFTP boot configura ion FTP server unavailable or un DXMOS fails to load teach
85. es an existing target host location string Set SNMP retrievable location information to the value of string This value may be accessed through the SNMP variable SNMPv2 MIB sysLocation 0 The no snmp server location command sets this value to an empty string NOTE DNS must be configured with the ip name server command see Section 5 5 15 for host address to work with a hostname instead of an IP address 5 5 30 sntp CONF Configures a Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP server for setting the system clock no sntp server address Parameter Description address IP address or hostname of the SNTP server from which the DXM should set its system clock NOTE DNS must be configured with the ip name server command see Section 5 5 15 for address to work with a hostname instead of an IP address 5 5 31 uart CONF Sets the default baud rate of the system EDFA device uart speed 9600 19200 Parameter Description 9600 Sets rate to 9600 baud 19200 Sets rate to 19200 baud NOTE The uart speed command is useful only on DXM systems with an EDFA installed Beyond general management of baud rate setting this command may be particularly useful during firmware upgrades which may cause a DXM with an EDFA to revert to the default baud rate setting of 19200 5 5 32 user CONF Creates a user account for logging in to the DXM no user username password 0 5 password Parameter Description username Set name for the n
86. ew account to username which may contain only letters digits and the following characters 015 Set password input type If the value is 0 password is treated as a plaintext string If the value is 5 password is treated as an MDS hashed password The default is 0 password Set password for the account to password no user username Remove username and its associated password from the local user database O NOTE To enable user accounts use the login local command or aaa setup 5 5 33 watchdog timeout CONF Configures the length of the system watchdog timeout no watchdog timeout length gt gt O 5 7 Parameter Description length Set watchdog timer to time out after 7ength seconds Valid values for Tength are from 0 to 63 inclusive The default is 63 seconds The commands no watchdog timeout and watchdog timeout 0 both disable the watchdog timeout feature The watchdog timeout is the number of seconds for which the DXM can be non responsive before the controlling software automatically reloads See the reload command in Section 5 13 for the consequences of a reload NOTE XKL recommends leaving the watchdog timeout at its default value of 63 copy Copies configuration data software images and gateware images between storage areas copy lt source storage location gt lt destination storage location gt Parameter Description lt source storage location gt Copy from the specified source lt dest
87. f functional condition signals Since the DXM may be used with XFP and or SFP module types it is important to understand how the reports issued from these commands differ for each module type Although the general monitoring procedures are the same the codes and nomenclature for each module type varies At its highest level reports issued with the show interface commands indicate the cur rent state of line status in the Line column of the report A line in Up state is func tioning properly A line in a fault state indicates a problem and requires further in vestigation The fault state is indicated by a code that also varies with module type Furthermore a fault state may be accompanied by additional information in the Alarms col umn of the report Regardless of whether this column is populated a fault state indicates some problem s and the aforementioned show controllers command should be issued to obtain ad ditional diagnostic information SFP Monitoring Issue the show interface or show interface summary command to obtain a re port If a fault state is indicated and the Alarms column of the report is populat ed it will indicate an error code that refers to the specific issue s causing the fault The code in this column will further be categorized as a warning or an alarm A warning indicates that although the module may be operating it is in a state that is close t
88. f no password is set the system immediately enters enabled mode In either case the end of the prompt changes from gt to to indicate that the mode has changed localhost gt enable Password lt gt localhost Enabled Mode Commands The following commands are available in enabled mode clear clock configure copy debug disable enable exit logout no ping reload set show tftp undebug version write 5 1 Command Line Interface Reference This chapter contains an alphabetical listing of the commands available in the DXMOS command line interface CLI Format of This Reference Each command description uses the format shown below Name of the command Context in which the command is available This matches the prompt in Summary of what the command does the DXM command line laser shutdown Powers down a wave or client interface laser no laser shutdown Parameter Description laser shutdown Shut down the laser no laser shutdown Bring the laser back online CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Powering lasers down is appropriate to change SFPs or XFPs to change fiber cabling or to extend the useful lifetime of an SFP or XFP Command syntax Detailed description of the command s parameters Extended command description 5 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 5 1 1 3 5 1 1 4 5 1 1 5 Syntax Shortcuts To prevent syntax blocks from becoming har
89. forward offset of one hour from the system clock time off displays system clock time without any adjust ments usa applies DST rules for the United States eu applies DST rules for the European Union O NOTE Time zones west of Greenwich time have a negative offset 5 5 9 connect CONF Connects a transport interface to a second interface no connect lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt clock rate encapsulation lt encapsulation type gt Parameter Description lt transport identifierl gt Specify the first interface for the connection lt transport identifier2 gt Specify the second interface for the connection clock rate Optionally specify clock rate in the rate argument Valid values are in the range 42000 3200000kHz Clock rate may be set only on SFP client and wave interfaces avail able on the DXM3 and DXMh models encapsulation Optionally specify a named encapsulation value which sengapsularton types sets the clock rate according to a specific network stan dard no connect Disconnect two interfaces lt transport identifierl gt lt transport identifier2 gt 3G interfaces may be connected to any other 3G interface including themselves 10G interfaces allow only client to wave connections 3G interfaces cannot be connected to 10G interfaces 5 5 10 do CONF Executes top level commands do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Us
90. g this command will parse it It is also possible to parse a DHCP config file in RAM using this command if boot is able to obtain one drop to boot Revert to the system boot loader to access Boot facilities reload Reload all system software and gateware such as those that rebuild the flash partition table show Display information about recovery mode system configurations 6 4 1 1 Recover System from Remote Server You can recover the DXM from a configuration file stored on a remote server You must already have an active network interface in order for this process to work If the remote configuration file matches the switch board configuration customer traffic on the DXM will not be interrupted tion file must already be saved to a remote TFTP server XKL strongly encourages you to make a backup copy of your startup config using the write network command See Section 5 20 3 for more details about write network O NOTE The configure network command operates via TFTP which means that the configura Modify the following command examples with your own values to implement recovery at your site To recover the system after the recovery mode message is displayed localhost gt configure localhost CONF interface ethernet 0 localhost CONF INT ETH O ip address 10 15 1 116 24 localhost CONF INT ETH O exit Interface Ethernet 0 address set to 10 15 1 116 localhost gt configure network 10 15 1 99 remote config Are you sure yes no
91. gement Information Base MIB An object that can be managed by SNMP Material Dispersion The dispersion resulting from the different velocities of each wavelength ina fiber medium Mbps Megabits per second or one million bits per second MBps Megabytes per second or one million bytes per second MDS hash A digital fingerprint produced from a string of text by the Message Digest algorithm 5 MDS Such hashes are commonly used for cryptographic purposes The DXM uses MDS to encrypt plaintext passwords before storing them MHz Megahertz or one million cycles per second See also Hz Mean Time Between Failure MTBF Time at which 50 of a unit fails A measure of the time a user might reasonably expect a device or system to function correctly before a fault occurs Metropolitan Area Network MAN A network that covers an area larger than a LAN usually a metropolitan area MANS exist between and interconnect the long haul and access segments of the global network Multicast Source MSDP A protocol that connects multicast routing Discovery Protocol domains and allows them to discover sources from other domains Multimode Fiber An optical fiber whose core is large enough to propagate more than one mode of light A multimode fiber core is either 50 um or 62 um in diameter See also singlemode fiber Multiplexer MUX A device that combines information from two or more data sources into a single
92. go 9726 packets input 1130590 bytes O no receive buffer O CRC error O overrun O no transmit buffer 5557 packets output 615578 bytes 0 collisions O late collisions O deferred O lost carrier O no carrier localhost gt Whenever you request help fora DXM command the CLI remembers and redisplays the relevant part of the command line so you can add options without retyping the command localhost write one of the following erase memory terminal localhost write memory Config Name one of the following backup1 config backup2 config startup config lt cr gt localhost write memory ctrl localhost If you enter an incorrect command the system displays an error message localhost write ers Command Incomplete Unrecognized at line 4761 localhost write erase config localhost write erasel ctrl localhost 4 2 Abbreviating Commands You can abbreviate everything on a command line as long as the abbreviation is unique in the current mode For example show connections can be shortened on to sh conn It cannot be ab CSE breviated to s con because there are multiple completions for both s and con As another example the following two command lines are equivalent and produce the same out put localhost show interfaces ethernet 0 localhost sh in e O 4 3 Editing the Command Line The DXM command line recognizes the following special characters Table 4 1 Command Line Keyboard Shortc
93. gs Display current fan settings Display current hostname Display current settings for the specified interface With out an lt interface identfier gt settings are displayed for all interfaces Display current line settings Display current logging settings Display current Routing Information Protocol RIP set tings Display current Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP settings Display current Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP settings Display current static routes Display current switch settings Without options the show running config command displays full configuration information file starting with the semicolons and placed on a tftp server for later download via the tftp com mand see Section 5 17 With an option the show running config command displays the rel evant portion of the current active configuration The show running config command is identical to write terminal CAUTION The settings as displayed may not be saved to startup backup1 or backup2 con fig Usethewrite memory command Section 5 20 2 to save the settings to nonvolatile storage 5 16 22 show sntp gt Displays current Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP server information show sntp 5 16 23 show startup config gt Displays DXM startup and backup configurations from customer flash memory show startup config 5 16 24 show switch Es Displays detailed crosspoint switch information show switch Information disp
94. has been performed and all fibers are appropriately attatched type the following in the Raman amplifier s configuration mode localhost CONF RAMAN 0O no shutdown localhost CONF RAMAN 0 auto startup If the optical environment is within specification then the Raman s amplification should come up with a set point of Maximum 3 4 2 localhost CONF RAMAN 0O do sho raman 0 raman 0 Module is administratively up amplification is up Module identification data Manufacturer RED C Module Function Type Raman Software Version 201 3 Jan 11 2009 10 49 53 Module operational data Control mode is automatic maximum pump power Setpoint is Maximum Control optimized for SMF G 652 fiber Status and alarms No alarms detected Input Optical Power 7 0 dBm Output Optical Power 26 7 dBm OSC based APR is enabled Measured OSC Input Power 16 5 dBm Case temperature is 20 2C Pump laser Pump1 State enabled Pump2 State enabled Pump1 Current 118 8 mA Pump2 Current 66 7 mA Pump1 Power 24 7 dBm Pump2 Power 22 4 dBm Back Reflection Ratio 33 0 dB Pump1 Temperature 25 1 C Pump2 Temperature 24 9 C Pin Alarms common If amplification was not brought online the reason should be reflected under the status and alarms subsection of show raman output Do not forget to write memory once amplification is operational WARNING It is possible to damage connectors if the amplifier is left in auto startup mode for prolonged periods
95. hat connects the RS 232 to the console is shown in Table 2 2 Table2 2 Console Jack Pinout Pin o XQ NH FWY Fe Signal Comment No connection No connection TxD Gnd No connection No connection No connection To establish access connect the RS 232 port on a console terminal to the RJ 45 console port on the front of the DXM The communication settings supported by the console line are 9600 8N1 9600 baud 8 bits per character no parity 1 stop bit 2 3 2 Setting up Telnet Access Telnet access is disabled until you set the Virtual Terminal VTY password You also need to configure the VTY line to accept connections via telnet The password command sets the password for the VTY line The login command enables remote login over the VTY line The transport input telnet command configures the VTY line to accept login attempts via the telnet protocol To set up remote telnet access to all configured DXM Ethernet interfaces enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF line vty localhost CONF LINE VTY password new password localhost CONF LINE VTY login localhost CONF LINE VTY transport input telnet localhost CONF LINE VTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost You should now be able to telnet into the DXM through any cabled and configured interface 2 3 3 Setting up SSH Access Enabling Secur
96. he screw to secure the wire INPUT TERMINAL To connect a DXM to a 48V rail 1 Connect on the input to 48V 2 Connect on the input to Earth GND 3 Connect on the input to 48V RTN To connect a DXM to a 48V rail 1 Connect on the input to 48V RTN 2 Connect on the input to Earth GND 3 Connect on the input to 48V Replacing Modules This Appendix describes how to replace power fan and laser modules in the DXM LED displays on the front panel SNMP traps and the show command all provide information about when a unit needs to be replaced See Table E 1 for a description of LED patterns and their meanings All power fan and laser modules are hot swappable which means they can be replaced while the system is running C 1 Replacing a Power Module 1 Unplug the power cable from the power module to be removed leaving the other power module plugged in O NOTE The above example is for an AC power supply 2 Disengage the catch that secures the module to the chassis and pull the module out of the chassis 3 Slide replacement power module into the chassis Be sure the catch clicks in place to secure the module C 2 Replacing a Fan Module 1 2 3 Locate the physical fan module that you want to replace The show environment fan command describes the physical location of each fan Use a Phillips head screwdriver to remove the screws that hold the fan in place
97. hives 3 1 2 Installing Updates Once the update files are on your TFTP server you can transfer them to the DXM with the tftp 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 Table 3 1 command The tftp command takes three arguments The address of the TFTP server that holds the update file The name ofthe file to copy The name of the storage location to which the file should be written To transfer updates to the DXM enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost tftp 10 15 1 98 dxmos_2_1 exe startup image Are you sure yes no yes Starting TFTP transfer 4 4 4 4HHHHHHHHHHAAHR RARE File transferred successfully Completing flash write localhost tftp 10 15 1 98 boot_2_1 exe startup boot Are you sure yes no yes Starting TFTP transfer HEAR AA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA AAA File transferred successfully Completing flash write localhost tftp 10 15 1 98 ccc_2_1 bit startup gateware Are you sure yes no yes Starting TFTP transfer HEAR AA AAA AAA AAA AAA AA AA AAA File transferred successfully Completing flash write localhost Rebooting the DXM For the DXM to load the updated software and gateware it needs to be rebooted with the reload command To reboot the DXM enter the following command localhost reload Are you sure yes no yes Initiating warm reboot The DXM reboots and loads the updated software and gateware The reboot will not affect cus tomer tracffic Monitoring the DXM The DXM
98. ided as is without express or implied warranty Copyright 1992 1993 1994 1995 The Regents of the University of Michigan and Merit Network Inc All rights reserved Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software and derivative works or modified versions thereof and that both the copyright notice and this permission and disclaimer notice appear in supporting documentation THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AND MERIT NETWORK INC DO NOT WARRANT THAT THE FUNCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET LICENSEE S REQUIREMENTS OR THAT OPERATION WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE The Regents of the University of Michigan and Merit Network Inc shall not be liable for any special indirect incidental or consequential damages with respect to any claim by Licensee or any third party arising from use of the software Copyright O 1991 1992 RSA Data Security Inc Created 1991 All rights reserved License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the RSA Data Security Inc MDS Message Digest Algorithm in all material mentioning or
99. ination storage Copy to the specified destination location gt NOTE The copy command requires source and destination to be the same type one of boot image config Or gateware CAUTION Creating image and gateware copies can take several minutes To avoid creating a corrupted or incomplete copy do not interrupt the copy command Interruption of flash mem ory write operations with generates a system warning that corruption may occur CAUTION Itis possible to copy a configuration whose enable password is unknown Be sure to write down the password in a safe place Once the password is set and you leave enabled mode there is no way to configure the DXM without entering the password to return to enabled mode If the password is saved to the startup configuration using the write memory command the only way to clear the enabled mode password without entering enable mode is to reload the DXM in factory default mode by pressing and holding the side reset button Reloading in factory default mode disrupts network traffic across all transport interfaces debug 4 Turns on verbose debugging information for a specified subsystem no debug argument 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 Parameter Description debug Enable verbose debugging no debug Disable verbose debugging This command should only be used to diagnose problems When debug output is active system performance may be degraded and the amount of output may make o
100. indicate the specific issue s can be found in this report The list below provides an overview of the most common error codes for XFP mod ules However other issues error codes not included in this list may occur in which case it may be helpful to refer to the governing specifications for XFP modules The URL at the end of table refers to the web site of the industry organization that defines this information A comprehensive list of error codes can be found there It may also be helpful to refer to the technical information provided by the manufacturer of the module XFP Reporting Codes May be a single alarm or some combination from of the following Code Description Supply Voltage Current Measured voltage current of the module VCC VEE Power supply voltage alarm warning Laser Temperature A higher resolution temperature value Laser Wavelength The specific wavelength of the laser TF Transmitter fault LOS Loss of signal RX LOL TX LOL Receiver loss of lock Transmitter loss of lock The latest draft ofthe XFP specification can be found at http xfpmsa org Monitoring Temperature The show environment temp command displays a series of temperature thresholds for various components in the DXM as well as the current temperature reported by each component The temperature thresholds define the safe operating range of each component Temperature Thresholds Threshold Description Low Alarm Temperature of the component has dropped to a le
101. ion Inc All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following dis claimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation Inc and its contributors 4 Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote prod ucts derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION INC AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUD ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
102. ithout a configuration Ifa DHCP offer is received that includes a boot file name and TFTP server identifier Boot requests the IP address offered and assigns it to the Ethernet interface through which the offer was received Next Boot acquires the configuration file from the TFTP server as indicated in the DHCP offer Upon successfully acquiring a configuration file Boot loads DXMOS with the configuration Be aware that the remainder of the startup config will not be proceessed Please note that the discovery packet will prepend 01 to the MAC address used as a client identifier The same syntax must also be used in the corresponding DHCP server configuration file The inclusion or omission of the lt client id interface gt in this command should correspond to the client identifier information in the DHCP server configuration file Refer to the DHCP Server Configuration Appendix to ensure the correct information is included in this file clock CONF Sets timezone and Daylight Saving Time DST behavior of the DXM system clock clock timezone hours offset minutes offset summer time on off usa eu Parameter Description timezone hours offset Set the timezone for the system clock to hours offset minutes offset and minutes offset from UTC Most timezones have a minutes offset of 0 Parameter Description summer time on off usa Alter Daylight Saving Time DST setting eu on displays time with a
103. itor The second file is the DHCP server configuration file which configures the server to provide the DHCP offer when it receives a DHCP discovery request from the DXM It is essential that the information in the server configuration file match the client identifier or source MAC address sent by the DXM during DHCP discovery It is important to note that 01 will always be prepended to an interface s MAC address when it is used as the DHCP client identifier The same syntax must be used in the DHCP server con figuration file The information included in the DHCP server configuration file must correspond to the param eters or absence of parameters in the boot host dhcp command stored in startup config If Boot finds aboot host dhcp lt client id interface gt command then Boot sends DHCP discovery using the specified client identifier It may be useful to use the lt client id inter face gt parameter to specify a fixed DHCP client identifier regardless of which Ethernet interface is used for the DHCP discovery message The parameter may even specify an inactive Ethernet interface If Boot finds a boot host dhcp command in startup config without a specified lt client id interface gt then on each active interface Boot broadcasts a DHCP discovery message and in each instance the client identifier will be the MAC address of the interface from which discovery is broadcast In this scenario you may use any active interface s client ide
104. king cable Storage Area Network SAN A secure information infrastructure to attach remote computer storage devices to servers in such a way that the devices appear as locally attached to the operating system The SAN enables any to any connection of servers and storage systems Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP An application layer protocol to enable the exchange of management information between SNMP manage network devices allows network administrators to performance troubleshoot problems and plan for growth SNMP is part of the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP protocol suite Single Mode Fiber SM A small core optical fiber through which only one mode can propagate See also multi mode fiber Signal to Noise Ratio SNR A measure of signal quality as the ratio of the total signal to the total noise This effectively shows how much higher the signal level is than the noise level Synchronous Optical Network SONET A telecommunication industry standard for high speed synchronous transport over optical fiber Splitter A device that creates multiple optical signals from a single optical signal Short Reach A distance specification for optical systems that operate effectively up to 3 km Step Index Fiber Fiber that has a uniform index of refraction throughout the core Survivability The ability of a network to maintain or restore an acceptable level of perfo
105. layed by the show switch command is useful only for diagnosing software prob lems It does not provide information that is useful during normal DXM operation 5 16 25 show tech support s Displays all system information in a format useful to customer support engineers for diagnostics show tech support 5 16 26 show timer queue gt Displays the current timer queue show timer queue The show timer queue command is useful only for diagnosing DXM problems It does not pro vide information that is useful during routine operation 5 16 27 show version Displays DXM operating system and other version information show version verbose Parameter Description verbose Display additional software version information Version of DXMOS currently running Location from which the DXMOS image was booted either a flash image location or the TFTP address and filename Flash gateware location of the currently running gateware System uptime A table of hardware component revision numbers The show version command displays the following information Operating system version XKL software part number Storage flash location for the currently running software and gateware Time since the last reload or power cycle event days hours minutes seconds Whether the last reload was due to power cycling or due to a watchdog timeout event If the reload was due to power cycling a distinction will be made to indi
106. line 5 5 15 3 exit CONF FAN Exits fan configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exit 5 5 15 4 reset CONF FAN Resets the fan module reset The reset command resets the logic board for the fan module without affecting its settings Use reset on a fan that has become stuck or unresponsive 5 5 15 5 speed CONF FAN Sets fan speed speed auto off low med high percentage Parameter Description auto Set the fans to automatically adjust their speed This set ting is the default off Turn the fans off Tow Set the fans to the lowest possible speed med Set the fans to medium speed high Set the fans to the highest possible speed percentage Set the fans to a percentage of their maximum speed from 1 to 100 inclusive 5 5 16 hostname CONF Serves as the prompt string and sets the hostname for the DXM hostname name Parameter Description name Set the DXM hostname to the string defined by name 5 5 17 interface CONF Places the DXM in interface configuration mode interface lt interface identifier gt Parameter Description lt interface identifier gt Configure the specified interface 5 5 17 1 bert transmit CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Specifies interface for transmission of BERT PRBS no bert transmit Parameter Description bert transmit Specifies for transmission of BERT PRBS no bert transmit Cancels BERT PRBS transmission on selected interface NOTE For more infor
107. mation related to the configuration of the DXM with BERT and the use of these commands refer to the BERT Appendix 5 5 17 2 bert receive CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Specifies interface for reception of BERT PRBS no bert receive Parameter Description bert receive Specifies interface for reception of BERT PRBS no bert receive Cancels BERT PRBS reception on selected interface and generates final test results NOTE For more information related to the configuration of the DXM with BERT and the use of these commands refer to the BERT Appendix 5 5 17 3 encapsulation CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Configures interface encapsulation type 5 5 17 4 5 5 17 5 5 5 17 6 5 5 17 7 encapsulation lt encapsulation type gt Parameter Description lt encapsulation type gt Set encapsulation type The encapsulation command overwrites any previous clock or encapsulation setting for the giv en interface CAUTION Changing the encapsulation on an interface carrying traffic will interrupt it do CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Executes top level commands do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode end CONF INT CLIENT WAVE Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command line
108. n name no ip domain name Disable ip domain name domainname Domain name for search path 5 5 19 ip dhcp pool CONF Enter DHCP configuration submode for a specific pool of network addresses no ip dhcp pool pool id Parameter Description pool id Enter DHCP configuration submode for a specific pool of network addresses The poo id argument is a conve nience identifier that allows creation and management of multiple pools of networks to which DHCP should provide addresses no ip dhcp pool pool id Remove a pool of network addresses from DHCP 5 5 19 1 do CONF DHCP Executes top level commands do command Parameter Description command Specify the command to execute Use the do command to execute the top level commands described in Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 without leaving configuration mode 5 5 19 2 end CONF DHCP Exits configuration mode and returns to the top level of the command line end Typing Z has the same effect and discards the current command line 5 5 19 3 exit CONF DHCP Exits DHCP configuration submode and returns to configuration mode exit 5 5 19 4 network CONF DHCP Assigns a network for which DHCP should provide addresses network address netmask Parameter Description address netmask Adds address netmask as a network for which DHCP should provide addresses 5 5 20 iphost CONF Sets the IP address for a particular host no ip host hostname address Parameter Description
109. n source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following dis claimer in thdocumentation and or other materials provided with the distribution THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEM PLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THE ORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE The DXM includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com The SSLeay library is free for commercial and non commercial use as long as the following conditions are adhered to The following conditions apply to all code found in this distribution be it the RC4 RSA lhash DES etc code not j
110. nces network topology and fiber type among other factors that are taken into ac 1 3 count when building a DXM system Information related to setting up an amplifier can be found in Chapter 3 and commands are fully detailed in Chapter 5 The amplifiers share much of the same hardware and software as the DXM Transport System thereby facilitating its management by requiring only one set of general operat ing instructions and commands for both products Software Overview The operating system environment of the DXM DXMOS includes a CLI that allows all users to display limited information about the system and an enabled mode that allows users with appro priate permission to reconfigure the system and display sensitive information Chapter 3 describes the use of the CLI in both enabled and disabled modes Chapter 4 explains common setup and administration tasks Chapter 5 provides a command reference for all DXM commands The DXM system includes on line help for all commands Enter a question mark at any system prompt or command line or press tab at the end of incomplete commands Getting Started This chapter describes initial start up for the DXM Transport Terminal and explains the procedure for reloading software and gateware after start up completes Table 2 1 summarizes events that trigger boot and recovery scenarios and their effects on the system Table 2 1 Boot and Recovery Scenarios Event Power Cycle Gatewar
111. nd that includes a detector and signal processing electronics to perform optical to electrical conversion A receiver has a maximum acceptable value of average received power receiver overload and a minimum acceptable value of received power receiver sensitivity Refraction The change of direction of a wavefront as it passes through a boundary between two dissimilar media Refractive Index A property of optical materials that relates to the speed of light in the material See also index of refraction Regenerator A device that regenerates optical signals by converting incoming optical pulses to electrical pulses cleaning up the electrical signal to eliminate noise and reconverting them to optical pulses for output Also called regenerative repeater See also 2R functions 3R functions Revertive Switching A process that switches the signal back to an original working interface when that interface comes back online Routing Information Protocol RIP The RIP is an interior gateway protocol that helps routers dynamically adapt to changes of network connections by describing which network each router can reach and how far away those networks are Small Form Factor Pluggable Transceiver SFP A compact optical transceiver used for both telecommunication and data communication applications The SFP interfaces a network device mother board for a switcher or router to a fiber optic or unshielded twisted pair networ
112. ng the Optical Transport 14 4 4 3 EnabledModeCommands 32 2 6 1 Configuring Automatic Path Protection 15 Command Line Prompts 2 7 DHCP Configuration 17 5 Command Line Interface 3 Configuring and Administering Reference 34 the System o o o o o ooo 18 5 1 Format of This Reference 34 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 1 1 SyntaxShortcuts 000 35 High Level Command Summaries 36 Cleats ck pce a ee Be ee E 38 5 3 1 clearapp 0 0000s 38 5 3 2 clearcounters 4 39 5 3 3 dearinterface 39 534 deal e 444 oros 39 5 3 5 clearlogging 39 a EN 39 CONNQUIE es a a a ARS 40 5 5 1 adanew model 40 5 5 2 aaaaccounting 40 5 5 3 aaa authentication 4 5 5 4 access list 2 2 eee eee 41 A OP otc ba he he PSOne gh aH 41 O asc 454 4 eee pea 43 5 5 7 boothostdhcp 43 S98 e J hares a eek M aodng EE 44 199 CONNEC joa ke Ae ee ke a 45 55 10 dO 24a dae ewes Se eee eS 45 Dede A eed soe ee de o o 46 5 5 12 enablesecret 48 IE Gd rr 49 O eae da ee ee he ew 49 Did Tans e Saas euna SE OR ee A 49 5 5 16 hostname 50 5 5 17 interface o eee 51 5 5 18 ipdomain name 55 5 5 19 ipdhcppo0l 55 5520 Phost diga gea a OR 56 5 5 21 ipmame server 6
113. ntifier or source MAC address in the corresponding DHCP server configuration file Be aware however that if the Ethernet interface or MAC address that you designate in the file is unable to reach the DHCP server no DHCP offer can be made and the configuration process will fail Example Server Configuration The following example demonstrates a portion of the required configuration of a Unix dhcpd based server The following sample would be added to the server s etc dhcpd conf file host dxm sea 01 hardware ethernet 00 A0 E3 00 01 A8 next server 10 3 0 250 filename config 00 01 a8 00 A0 E3 00 01 A8 is the MAC address of an active Ethernet interface that can reach the DCHP server In all cases the DXM only temporarily uses the offered IP address and then releases it after ob taining the configuration file Static IP configuration and other configuration parameters should be included in the file con fig 00 01 a8 that is placed in the TFTP server s directory The TFTP server is specified in the next server parameter If the DXM is multihomed and capable of reaching DCHP servers on more than one of its connected Ethernet interfaces you can specify a configuration file bound to a particular client identifier as illustrated in the following example In this case a boot host dhcp ethernet 0 line should be added to the startup configuration of dxm sea 01 where the MAC address of Ether net 0 on dxm sea 01 is 00 A0 E3
114. ntify and communicate with each other on a computer network using the Internet Protocol standard Jitter Small and rapid variations in the timing of a signal or waveform due to noise changes in component characteristics voltages circuit synchronization and so on Kbps Kilobits per second or one thousand bits per second KHz Kilohertz or 1 000 cycles per second Lambda A The Greek letter used in optics to denote optical wavelength is measured in nanometers nm wavelength In communications Link Budget The accounting of all gains and losses in signal strength between transmitter and receiver Signal loss over optical fiber is exponential with the length of the fiber and is typically expressed as dB per unit of distance Local Area Network LAN A high speed low error data network covering a relatively small geographic area Ethernet FDDI and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies Loss of Activity LOA An event that occurs when an interface cannot detect a typical distribution of zero one one zero transitions Some data protocols do not guarantee that all valid data is within the tolerance of activity detection Loss of Lock LOL An event that occurs when an interface cannot lock to the data rate of a signal Loss of Signal LOS An event that occurs when an optical receiver is not getting enough optical power to guarantee the quality of the data that comes from the remote laser Mana
115. o answer Address Resolution Proto col ARP requests for hosts other than itself when the request originates on a subnet other than that of the ARP request This feature is enabled by default and details of the protocol can be found in RFC1027 rip receive version Configure the RIP version that the interface will receive a Valid values for rip versionare 1 2 and1 2 default value is 1 2 The individual rip version specified in inter face overrides global rip setting in router rip rip send version rip version Configure the RIP version that the interface will send Valid values for rip versionare 1 2 and 1 2 default value is 1 2 The individual rip version specified in inter face overrides global rip setting in router rip Parameter Description rip v2 broadcast Send v2 updates as broadcast packets This command is enabled by default split horizon Prevent RIP from advertising a route out of the interface on which it learned the route to help prevent routing loops Works in conjunction with poison reverse En abled by default 5 5 17 13 shutdown CONF INT ETH OSC Shuts down an ethernet interface or brings it online no shutdown Parameter Description shutdown Shut down the ethernet interface no shutdown Bring the ethernet interface online 5 5 18 ip domain name CONF Specifies the domain name search path of the system no ip domain name domainname Parameter Description ip domain name Enable ip domai
116. o causing issues with customer data and the cause should be inves tigated A warning is indicated in a W appeneded to the end of the error code Table 3 2 1 An alarm indicates that customer data loss has likely already occurred and immedi ate action should be taken to investigate and resolve the issue as soon as possible An alarm is indicated in the report by an A appended to the end of the error code At this point you should issue the show controllers command to obtain additional diagnostic information The list below provides an overview of the most common error codes for SFP mod ules However other issues error codes not included in this list may occur in which case it may be helpful to refer to the governing specifications for SFP modules The URL at the end of table refers to the web site of the industry organization that defines this information A comprehensive list of error codes can be found there It may also be helpful to refer to the technical information provided by the manufacturer of the module SFP Reporting Codes May be a single alarm or some combination from of the following Code Description TEMP Temperature VCC Power supply voltage TXBIAS Transmitter laser bias current TXPOW Transmitter power RXPOW Receiver power _HI High warning _LO Low warning W appended to code Warning A appended to code Alarm The latest draft of the SFP specification can be found at the following URL as spe
117. o the system clock update calendar Copy the time from the system clock to the calendar chip 5 5 configure 4 Places the DXM into global configuration mode configure Changes made in enabled mode affect how the DXM is operating right now Changes made in configure mode are intended to be more permanent and may be saved in non volatile storage us ingthe write memory and write network commands 5 5 1 aaa new model CONF Enables or disables authentication authorization and accounting AAA feature globally no aaa new model Parameter Description aaa new model Enables AAA functionality no aaa new model Disables AAA functionality 5 5 2 aaa accounting CONF Enables or disables AAA accounting for session start stops no aaa accounting exec default start stop group radius Parameter Description aaa accounting Enables AAA accounting for session start stops no aaa accounting Disables AAA accounting for session start stops exec Specifies accounting type default Specifies name of method list start stop Specifies type of record to account group radius Specifies group radius is used for authentication 5 5 3 aaa authentication CONF Enables or disables AAA authentication no aaa authentication login enable default enable line local none group radius Parameter aaa authentication no aaa authentication login enable default enable line local none group radius
118. oard Initializing environmental loader Environmental loader communication is up Enviroloader Initializing watchdog to maximum value of Oxff Running startup gateware Done External Power Cycled Companion Board Detecting companion hardware with companion monitor capability Companion Board Power was cycled performing companion monitor reset Companion Board Successfully read data from companion monitor on initialization Companion Board Detecting companion monitor id 1 XKL Part Number 1090020 007303 Transport Complex Detecting OXCSH Hybrid Switch Board Initializing CDR complex CDR Complex Detected Hybrid Switch Board Switch SFP Complex Detecting OXCSh Hybrid Switch Board About to init switch complex 0 About to init switch complex 1 Instantiating 4 AMP slots for C1UE board Not loading data from amplifier edfa west 0 because it s not present AMP 1 online Building command polling structure for REDC AMPs Not loading data from amplifier edfa east 0 because it s not present Not loading data from amplifier edfa west 1 because it s not present AMP Initialization complete localhost gt User Enabling TX laser on interface Client 0 User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX laser on interface Client User Enabling TX
119. of EDFA devices settings and alarms show edfa lt trunk gt lt optical component id gt Parameter Description trunk Optionally specify trunk if DXM is split trunk system optical component id Specify the optical component id C NOTE The show edfa command is available only on DXM systems with an EDFA installed 5 16 9 show environment Displays operating environment information including temperature status of fans and status of power units show environment all fans power temp Parameter Description all Display summary of fan and power unit status fans Display detailed fan status and operational parameters power Display detailed power unit status and operational param eters temp Display current temperature readings and temperature operating ranges for many DXM components Issuing the show environment command without any arguments is equivalent to issuing show environment all 5 16 10 show flash config gt Displays configuration information stored in flash memory show flash config backupl config backup2 config startup config Parameter Description backupl config Display information stored in the backup1 config flash location backup2 config Display information stored in the backup2 config flash location startup config Display information stored in the startup config flash location Equivalent to the show startup config com mand 5 16 11 show hardware gt Displays se
120. ommand may cause some packet loss from interrupted operation dur ing possible resource transitions 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 4 clear counters Clears interface counters clear counters interface lt interface identifier gt Parameter Description lt interface identifier gt Clear the counters for the specified interface Without arguments clear counters clears all counters displayed by the show interface com mand clear interface Clears the hardware logic on an interface clear interface lt interface identifier gt Parameter Description lt interface identifier gt Clear the hardware logic for the specified interface The clear interface command may temporarily interrupt interface operation clear line Logs out a session on any arbitrary line clear line 7ine number A line number value of 0 is the console and values 1 through 4 are the VTY lines Use the show lines command to see which lines are currently connected see Section 5 16 17 NOTE The clear line ncommand will terminate the present session when n names the line to which this session is connected clear logging 4 Clears the DXM event log buffer clear logging clock A Sets time and date ofthe DXM system clock clock set hh mm ss day month year read calendar update calendar Parameter Description set hh mm ss day month year Set the time for the system clock read calendar Copy the time from the calendar chip t
121. on version number Set the RIP version number to version number Valid values for version number are 1 or 2 no version Return RIP version to its default value of 2 1 compatibil ity mode 5 5 29 snmp server CONF Configures Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP settings no snmp server chassis id string community string contact string enable traps snmp xkl host address location string Parameter Description chassis id string The chassis idis not currently used community string Start a read only SNMP server using the community string specified by string The no snmp server community command turns offthe SNMP server contact string Set SNMP retrievable contact information to the value of string This value may be accessed through the SNMP variable SNMPv2 MIB sysContact 0 The no snmp server contact comand sets this value to an empty string enable traps snmp xkl Turn on sending of SNMP traps a host address is also required By itself enable turns on all SNMP traps Turn on only SNMP standard traps or XKL specific traps by appending snmp or xk1 respectively The no snmp server enable traps command disables sending of SNMP traps host address Send SNMP traps to a specific host specified by address The address parameter may be either a hostname or an IP address Only one host may be specified a second invoca tion of this command overwrites the host value The no snmp server host command remov
122. on to concentrate the diffracted light in specific directions determined by the spacing of the lines and by the wavelength of the light Diode An electronic device that conducts electricity in one direction only The simplest semiconductor devices are diodes Dispersion The spreading of a light signal caused by light signals traveling at different speeds through an optical waveguide Dispersion can be caused by modal or chromatic effects Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA A device that strengthens optical signals by multiplexing the signal with energy from a pump laser into a fiber doped with trivalent erbium ions The erbium ions are stimulated to emit photons at the same wavelength as the original signal Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet offers a speed of 100 Mbps over Cat 3 or UTP It preserves many of the attributes of Ethernet including frame format MAC mechanisms and MTU See also Ethernet Fibre Channel A technology for transmitting data between computer devices over optical fiber or copper Fibre channel is optimized for connecting servers to shared storage devices and for interconnecting storage controllers and drives Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI ALAN standard specifying a 100 Mbps token passing network using fiber optic cable with transmission distances up to 2 km FDDI uses a dual ring architecture Filter An arrangement of components designed to pass signals in one or more frequency ban
123. ou sure yes no yes You can then set up a new password or leave the system unprotected Setting a Serial Console Password The serial console terminal CTY may be secured in similar fashion to the VTY line with either a password or username and password combinations To password protect the serial console terminal CTY enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF line console localhost CONF LINE CTY password newpassword localhost CONF LINE CTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost logout To remove serial console password security or change the password enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure gt 2 5 localhost CONF line console localhost CONF LINE CTY no password localhost CONF LINE CTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes You can then set up a new password or leave the system unprotected To create user accounts for the CTY enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF user username password newpassword localhost CONF user anotheruser password anotherpassword localhost CONF line console localhost CONF LINE CTY login local localhost CONF LINE CTY end localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost NOTE The same pool of accounts is used to store users for both the CTY and VTY Keep in mind that any user
124. perating the DXM from the command line difficult especially when the system is under heavy load A heavy load may cause a watchdog timeout and subsequent reload disable A Exits enabled mode and returns to disabled mode disable enable Enters enabled mode enable NOTE If an enabled mode password is set the command line prompts for the password before entering enabled mode see Section 2 4 1 exit Returns to the top level and disconnects from the DXM exit At the top level command prompt exit does the same thing as logout logout s Disconnects from the DXM logout The logout command disconnects any telnet or SSH session and releases the VTY line for use by others Console logout resets the CTY line If a console password has been set see Section 2 4 2 you must enter a password to return to the disabled mode prompt ping Sends test packets to a specific address ping remote host Parameter Description remote host Set the destination hostname or IP address to which ping sends packets The ping command sends 5 ICMP echo request packets and reports whether or not it receives responses for each An exclamation point is displayed for each successful ping and a period for each unsuccessful ping localhost gt ping 10 15 1 90 Ping 10 15 1 90 Done pinging 10 15 1 90 5 of 5 packets received localhost gt ping 10 15 1 110 Ping 10 15 1 110 Done pinging 10 15 1 110 0 of 5 packets received loc
125. rations with generates a warning that corruption may occur CAUTION It is possible to use tftp to obtain a configuration whose enable password is un known Be sure to write down the password in a safe place Once the password is set and you leave enabled mode there is no way to configure the DXM without entering the password to return to enabled mode If the password is saved to the startup configuration using the write memory command the only way to clear the enabled mode password without entering enable mode is to reload the DXM in factory default mode by pressing and holding the side reset but ton Reloading in factory default mode disrupts network traffic across all transport interfaces NOTE DNS must be configured with the ip name server command for tftp server to work with a hostname instead of an IP address undebug 4 Turns off verbose debugging information undebug argument Debugging information is useful only for diagnosing system problems It does not provide infor mation that is useful during normal DXM operation see the debug command in Section 5 7 If the amount of debugging information is so extreme as to interfere with operation undebug all is the quickest way to recover without reloading version gt Displays the version of the software currently loaded version The version command displays slightly different information from the show version command write 4 Writes configuration information to and erases
126. reached a response must be received before additional buf fers post Therefore ifthe round trip length of a fiber trunk exceeds the maximum buffer capacity fibre channel throughput drops as the host controller pauses for a response Calculating Supported Distances with Fibre Channel The distance at which throughput is effected is a function of D distance traversed by the trunk B number of buffers R rate S bit size C speed of light 2 factor accounting for a round trip on the fiber trunk The maximum distance can be estimated using the following formula D B S C R 2 This formula is intended only to provide an approximate figure Talk to your Fibre Chan nel vendor to determine compatability with your long distance transport system DHCP Configuration Your DXM is capable of semi automated configuration using DHCP and TFTP protocols In this context the DXM acts as the DHCP client and broadcasts discovery requests The DHCP offer and subsequent download of the configuration file can be managed on a single DHCP TFTP server or separate DHCP and TFTP servers Two separate files must be properly deployed on the DHCP TFTP server s in order to effec tively use DHCP configuration The first file is the DXM configuration file which must be hosted on a TFTP server This file can be created during manual configuration of the DXM Once a configuration file is created it can be modified outside of the DXM using any text ed
127. reset but ton push and release Ifthe con dition repeats upon subsequent reloads contact XKL technical support Rewrite startup config file to cus tomer flash chip If unsuccessful replace customer flash chip Solution Cable incorrectly wired bad pin Correct wiring or pin out con lout figuration INo serial connection o activity at console aulty remote communications Replace faulty equipment equipment Hardware problem Contact XKL technical support Software failure See troubleshooting section cov ering software and gateware Symptom Cause 10 100 Copper Ethernet Solution xternal network failure configu Investigate external network ration problem and or routing issues IP address has not been assigned In CONF ETH mode issue ip System unreachable via to Ethernet interface thernet ports are administra tively shutdown address lt ip_addr gt lt mask_ Tength gt command followed by lend or exit n CONF ETH mode issue no shutdown command followed by end or exit No link light Remote end incapable of 10 100BaseTX communication No IP address assigned to ether net interface Link light on but no activity light when thernet ports are administra activity expected Eyeshadows Remote routing or connectivity problems Remote end of line down nvestigate and correct external etwork issues eplace remote network com ponents with compatible equip ent
128. rial numbers manufacturing dates and hardware revision data for DXM controller and switch circuit boards Displays the presence of certain devices in the system IDROM such as OADM Optical Add Drop Multiplexer devices DCMs Dispersion Compensations Modules and other passive optical components such as attenuators show hardware 5 16 12 show hosts s Displays the hosts table from Domain Name Service DNS resolution or from manual configura tion bythe ip host command see Section 5 5 14 show hosts 5 16 13 show interfaces E Displays interface information show interfaces lt interface identifier gt summary Parameter Description lt interface identifier gt Display information about the specified interface summary Display a short summary of the interface information Without any arguments the show interfaces command displays information for all interfaces 5 16 14 show ip arp gt Displays the Address Resolution Protocol ARP cache for an ethernet interface show ip arp lt ethernet identifier gt Parameter Description lt ethernet identifier gt Display the ARP cache for the specified interface Without an lt ethernet identifier gt the show ip arp command displays the cache for all ethernet interfaces See also show arp in Section 5 16 2 5 16 15 show ip routes gt Displays the current system routing table show ip routes detailed Parameter Description detailed Display more details
129. ricting copying distribution and decompilation Mem Test Wr Rd Cmp Clr LSO byte reports 2 Using slot 3 card 0 sector 700000 Capacity 2045247488 bytes Loading flash into RAM EXE format OK Loaded version 3 7 2465 1 Starting boot Processor board 0700309014G010 from ID ROM System MAC addresses per ID ROM Ox00A0E30003CE count 8 Boot version 3 7 2465 1 Link date 4 Aug 2009 18 43 23 UT 7 00 SVN info Built 2009 08 05 01 37 45 UTC SVN Id 16032 P N 00003 00371 00 svn sourcel product_software boot branches release Boot_soft ware_00003 00371 00 boot Copyright c 1993 2009 XKL LLC All rights reserved This product is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting copying distribution and decompi lation Board serial number 202769418 This CPU has Microcode version 0632 options 400000 Calendar reports Friday 14 Aug 2009 01 22 53 UT Locally Thursday 13 Aug 2009 18 22 53 UT 7 00 Setting the CPU s high resolution clock from the calendar Configuring bus Slot Device 1 XKL 2 Processor 2 this CPU ZE XMH 1 XMH 1 memory control 3 XFM 1 Flash Memory Block Interface 1 4 XNC 1 Network Controller 1 Optical service channel s present 0 1 5 FPGAL 1 FPGA Loader 1 Memory configuration Slot Device Za XMH 1 256MW on line at LPN 00 Memory has not been tested or cleared programs may see parity errors Loader reports customer gateware Cold External power cycled reboot
130. rmance during failures by applying various restoration techniques Topology The pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes to a network A node has one or more links to others and the links can appear in a variety of different shapes The simplest topology is a one way link between two devices Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP Protocols that create a network of networks to deliver a few basic services file transfer electronic mail remote logon across a large number of client and server systems Virtualight A proprietary DXM feature which causes an interface to disable its transmitter whenever remote error state is detected in the associated stream thus forcing a connected client to see the problem signal as unambiguously down Warm Reboot Reboot where the controller gateware and software are reloaded but the power and state of transport interfaces and switch remain on Wavelength Division Multiplexer WDM A passive device that combines light signals with different wavelengths and on different fibers onto a single fiber A Wavelength Division Demultiplexer performs the reverse function See also DWDM Wide Area Network WAN A physical or logical network that serves users across a broad geographic area and often uses transmission devices provided by common carriers See also LAN and MAN Working Interface The primary interface in an Automatic Path Protection APP system If sign
131. rupted a TFTP backup of your settings allows you to restore your DXM and customer traffic to normal conditions with a hostname instead of an IP address NOTE DNS must be configured with the ip name server command for tftp server to work 5 20 4 write terminal Identical to the show running config command see Section 5 16 21 write terminal 6 1 Troubleshooting This chapter provides troubleshooting information related to the operation of DXM systems Use this chapter in conjunction with other information in the manual and command line reports from your system to diagnose and resolve issues The information in this chapter is intended to cover general issues particularly those that you may experience as you initially set up and learn to operate the system If you experience issues beyond the scope of this chapter particularly if you experience a loss of switchboard control and customer traffic contact your XKL representative for professional technical support Troubleshooting Matrices The matrices on the following pages provide a framework for operation of the DXM system and general issues you may encounter To facilitate use of the matrices the information has been cat egorized in the following manner e Hardware Physical Software e Interfaces Issues that occur outside of the scope of these charts may require professional technical support In the event that you are unable to resolve a problem using the matric
132. ry Are you sure yes no yes localhost Make sure the network equipment is attached to the configured client interfaces on both sides and verify connectivity with the show connections command Each interface can be used in only one connection You must remove an interface from its connection before you can reconnect it to another channel To remove a transport connection enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF no connect client x wave y localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost 2 6 1 Configuring Automatic Path Protection Automatic Path Protection APP provides redundancy for a connection by transmitting the same signal over two different physical fiber connections The two interfaces that make up such a redun dant path are called the working and protection interfaces Together a working interface and protec tion interface form an APP group Network traffic normally flows through the working interface and if the working interface is interrupted the APP group switches to the protection interface By default an APP group is revertive which means that if traffic is currently using the protection in terface and the working interface comes back online traffic is automatically switched back to the working interface In a non revertive configuration switching traffic back to the working interface must be done manually The app command se
133. ry locations are valid destinations for the copy or tftp commands 5 1 1 7 lt storage location config gt Expands to backup1 config backup2 config factory config startup config 5 1 1 8 lt storage location gateware gt Expands to factory gateware startup gateware 5 1 1 9 lt storage location image gt Expands to backupl image backup2 image factory image startup image 5 1 1 10 lt storage location gt Expands to lt storage location boot gt lt storage location config gt lt storage location gateware gt lt storage location image gt This shortcut is a combination of all four storage location shortcuts 5 2 High Level Command Summaries Table 5 1 summarizes the commands available in disabled mode Table 5 2 summarizes the en abled mode commands and Table 5 3 summarizes the configuration mode commands All of the commands and their options are listed alphabetically in the sections following the tables Table 5 1 Disabled Mode Command Summary Command Description disable No op when DXM is in disabled mode Command enable exit logout ping show version Table 5 2 Enabled Mode Command Summary Command clear clock configure copy debug disable enable exit logout no ping reload set show tftp undebug version write Description Enters enabled mode Logs out when issued from console configured with password protection logs out
134. scription monitor Enable message display no monitor Disable message display Message display is enabled by default for the console line and disabled by default for the VTY lines password CONF LINE Enforces password protected access to console or VTY lines no password 0 5 password Parameter Description password Set the password for the line to password The DXM au tomatically encrypts a plaintext password as an MDS hash before storing it password 5 password Specify password as an MDS hash password 0 password Specify plaintext password This syntax is equivalent to password password no password Remove password protection from the line Removing the vty password disables all vty access transport input CONF LINE Enables or disables Secure Shell SSH and telnet access to VTY lines no transport input all ssh telnet Parameter all ssh telnet no transport input all telnet Description Allow VTY access via both telnet and SSH Allow VTY access only via SSH Allow VTY access only via telnet ssh Allow VTY access via both telnet and SSH The no form of the transport input com mand regardless of what other parameters are used is equivalent to entering transport input all NOTE To completely disable logins through VTY lines use the no Toginand no aaa new model command 5 5 24 logging CONF Configures logging of DXM events in both the local DXM event log and
135. splays the cache for all interfaces See also show ip arpin Section 5 16 14 5 16 3 show batch queue gt Displays the current batch queue show batch queue The show batch queue command is useful only for diagnosing DXM problems It does not pro vide information that is useful during routine operation 5 16 4 show calendar gt Displays the current time and date according to the DXM calendar chip show calendar 5 16 5 show clock s Displays the current time and date according to the DXM system clock show clock 5 16 6 show connections gt Displays information about the wave and client interface connections line status and line rates show connections lt transport identifier gt Parameter Description lt transport identifier gt Display connections to the specified interface Without a lt transport identifier gt the show connections com mand displays information for all transport interfaces Each line in the displayed table describes an active connection betwen If1 and If2 See connect in Section 5 5 5 for additional information 5 16 7 show controllers Displays current operational warning and alarm status for client and wave interfaces show controllers lt interface identifier gt Parameter Description lt interface identifier gt Display operational warning and alarm status for the speci fied interface The show controllers command requires enabled mode 5 16 8 show edfa gt Displays status
136. t 5 5 11 8 send CONF EDFA Sends direct text commands to the EDFA as a debugging tool send lt text to send to the edfa gt Parameter Description lt text to send to the edfa gt Specify the EDFA command to send Commands are dependent on the model of EDFA device installed in the DXM Except in rare circumstances there should be no need to make changes directly to EDFA settings CAUTION Be aware that it is possible to reboot the DXM with this command which can inter rupt data traffic CAUTION This feature will be available only in initial versions of this software It will not be available in future versions gt gt 5 5 11 9 shutdown CONF EDFA Enables or disables the amplifier no shutdown Parameter Description shutdown Disables the amplifier no shutdown Enables the amplifier 5 5 12 enable secret CONF Sets password to control access to the DXM CLI enabled mode no enable secret 0 5 password Parameter Description password Set the password for enabled mode to password The DXM automatically encrypts a plaintext password as an MDS hash before storing it enable secret 5 password Specify password as an MDS hash Parameter Description enable secret 0 password Specify plaintext password This command is equivalent to enable secret password no enable secret Turns off password protection for enabled mode CAUTION A fiber type must be specified before osc detection can be disabled It
137. tes the Boot gt prompt appears at which you may issue low level configuration commands To continue booting DXMOS from the Boot gt prompt you must manually issue the following command Boot gt boot To boot the system using the factory default image configuration file and gateware Press and hold the side reset button for three seconds The LEDs on the front panel flash when the DXM resets successfully Booting from the factory default image interrupts customer traffic To reset the software only Press and immediately release the front reset button This maintains power and the state of transport interfaces if the running config is identical to the startup config To warm reboot without a power cycle Press and hold the front reset button for three seconds This reloads the system gateware and software and maintains power and the state of all transport interfaces if the running config is identical to the startup config The green amber and red LEDs on the front panel flash when the warm reboot succeeds This is the hard ware equivalent of the DXMOS reload command To cold reboot with a power cycle A cold reboot is performed using an internal or external power cycle An internal power cycle is accomplished using the side reset button An external power cycle is accomplished by removing the DXM s power supplies or disconnecting its pow er cord When you run the DXMOS s show version command it will indi
138. the DXM Note that meaning is derived from the combined status of all three lights Use the information about the cause s of LED patterns in the table below with the other information in this chapter to better evaluate and resolve issues with your system Front Panel LED Codes PWR WRN ALM Cause green yellow red O O O No power or both power supplies down O System fully operational O ie O One of the following conditions exists e Over maximum temperature 70C 12V disabled e FPGA load failure e System disabled due to excessively high temperature O O One of the following conditions exists e One power supply is down or absent e Temperature warning e One or more fan failures Fan controller 0 or 2 is absent O O One of the following conditions exists e Initial Power up e Warm reload in progress O O Cold factory reload in progress Legend O Steady off Steady on Flashing 6 4 Software Due to the complexity of software operation it may be helpful to refer to the additional informa tion in this section to more fully understand the symptoms causes and solutions outlined in the software troubleshooting matrix The following diagrams illustrate the most important startup process flows associated with Boot and DXMOS Figure 6 2 Executing Boot Loading Config CUSTOMER FLASH CHIP FACTORY FLASH CHIP gt gt LOADER LOAD STARTUP GATEWARE AP no
139. the order in which they are speci fied Setting multiple boot locations provides a fallback in case the boot image in one location is missing or damaged The DXM stores up to 5 separate boot command entries in lt storage location config gt boot host dhcp CONF Directs Boot to acquire a configuration file via remote DHCP TFTP server s no boot host dhcp lt client id interface gt where lt client id interface gt expands to ethernet O ethernet 1 ethernet 2 ethernet 3 osc O osc 1 5 5 8 Parameter Description boot host dhcp Enable boot host dhcp no boot host dhcp Disable boot host dhcp lt client id interface gt Optionally set an active or inactive Ethernet interface MAC address as client identifier for DHCP discovery Boot then broadcasts discovery from each active interface If lt client id interface gt is omitted Boot broadcasts DHCP discovery from each active interface and in each instance the client identifier will be the MAC address of the inter face from which discovery is broadcast Upon powering up or reloading the DXM DHCP configuration is initiated when a boot host dhcp command is found or when no startup config file is present in the flash memory In either case Boot persistently broadcasts DHCP discovery messages on each active Ethernet interface for 2 minutes If Boot receives no DHCP offer after 2 minutes Boot will time out and proceed to load DXMOS DXM Operating Software w
140. the syslog service no logging buffer events host address mark mark interval Parameter buffer events host address mark mark interval rate limit limit rate limit limit Description Set events as the number of events to store in the local circular logging buffer Values from 1 to 12 inclusive turn on logging A buffer size of 0 or the no logging buffer command turns off event logging to the local buffer Set address as the host to receive syslog messages Mul tiple hosts may be specified specifying at least one turns on syslog message generation The no logging host ad dress command stops syslog logging to the specified host Set the mark interval to mark interval minutes The DXM sends a mark time keeping message to syslog hosts at this interval The commands no logging mark and logging mark 0 both turn off mark event generation Valid range for mark nterval is 0 60 Set the message rate limit to 7imit messages per second Valid range for 1imitis 0 10000 The rate limit applies only to syslog logging NOTE The contents of the local circular logging buffer are lost upon system reload They are also cleared upon execution of the no logging buffer or logging buffer 0 commands 5 5 25 radius server host CONF Sets radius host server to be used with AAA no radius server host host auth port port acct port port key host specific key Parameter Description host Specify host
141. tical data streams in order of precedence are Loss of Signal LOS The optical power of a receive direction optical signal is re ported by the SFP XFP module receiver When incoming signal levels fall beneath the module s receiver direction sensitivity threshold the DXM reports LOS against the interface LOS masks Loss of Lock LOL and Loss of Activity LOA Loss of Lock LOL The CDR circuitry is normally locked on the encapsulation or clock frequency assigned to the transport interface When the CDR circuitry fails to lock on the signal the DXM may report LOL against the interface LOL can occur on an interface s receive or transmit direction LOL masks LOA on SFPs Loss of Activity LOA Available only on SEP modules A functioning optical link normally exhibits a continuous stream of bit transitions 0 1 and 1 0 The DXM expects the distribution of 1s and Os to be roughly 50 percent each When the distribution is skewed outside the range of 62 5 and 37 5 percent in either di rection the DXM may report LOA against the interface XKL recommends use of LOA detection only on interfaces encapsulated with SONET protocols to generate early warnings of optical link problems Enabling LOA may introduce end to end sig nal integrity problems Use the show interface command to view the line status of transport interfaces and detect other fault conditions that can interfere with data integrity 3 2 6 Forwarding
142. trols how the DXM parses wave interfaces set split trunk yes no Parameter Description yes Interpret wave interfaces as a split trunk wave east west no Interpret wave interfaces as a single trunk wave By default DXM SR systems are configured with split trunk yes and nonredundant systems with split trunk no This command is only useful for turning off split trunk support of SR sys tems Changes made by the set split trunk command are persistent and need not be saved to non volatile storage with the write memory command However the changes made do not take effect immediately the system must be reloaded CAUTION Do not change the sp1it trunk setting while running customer traffic Because the split trunk setting controls how wave interfaces are parsed changing the setting can cause the DXM to parse existing configuration files incorrectly when it reloads show g Displays information about how the DXM is configured show app gt Displays information about the settings and current status of automatic path protection APP groups show app See the app command in Section 5 5 2 for more information about path protection show arp 5 Displays the Address Resolution Protocol ARP cache for ethernet interfaces show arp lt ethernet identifier gt Parameter Description lt ethernet identifier gt Display the ARP cache for the specified interface Without an lt ethernet identifier gt show arp di
143. ts up and configures APP groups To create a new APP group give the app command two arguments First the working interface Second the protection interface The following commands create an APP group from two wave interfaces localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF app wave west O wave east 0 localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost In this example wave west 0 is the working interface and wave east 0 is the protection interface NOTE The app command works on all DXM systems though it is only useful on DXM 5R redun dant systems If the working interface has intermittent connection problems it is possible for a revertive APP group to rapidly switch back and forth between working and protection interfaces which can cause data loss or seriously degrade network performance In such a case it may be useful to set a holdoff value which is the amount of time between when the working interface comes up and the APP group reverts to using the working interface The holdoff is specified in milliseconds To configure a holdoff value for an APP group enter the following commands localhost gt enable localhost configure localhost CONF app revertive wave west 0 holdoff 60000 localhost CONF exit localhost write memory Are you sure yes no yes localhost The previous example sets a holdoff period of 1 minute 60000 milliseconds To set an APP group
144. ust the SSL code Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following dis claimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com The word cryptographic can be left out if the routines from the library being used are not cryptographic related 4 Ifyou include any Windows specific code or a derivative thereof from the apps directory application code you must include an acknowledgement This product includes software written by Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDEN TAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
145. ut If any errors in the optical environment exist attempt to resolve them and retype the control pump power 50 0 command Repeat until amplification comes up at this power level after which type the following Step 2 localhost CONF RAMAN 0 control pump power maximum After issuing this command amplification should be up and a set point of Maximum should be reflected in the show raman command raman 0 Module is administratively up amplification is up Module identification data Manufacturer RED C Module Function Type Raman Software Version 201 3 Jan 11 2009 10 49 53 Module operational data Control mode is automatic maximum pump power Setpoint is Maximum Control optimized for SMF G 652 fiber Status and alarms No alarms detected Input Optical Power 7 2 dBm Output Optical Power 26 7 dBm OSC based APR is enabled Measured OSC Input Power 16 5 dBm Case temperature is 22 9C Pump laser Pumpl1 State enabled Pump2 State enabled Pump1 Current 115 8 mA Pump2 Current 66 7 mA Pump1 Power 24 7 dBm Pump2 Power 22 4 dBm Back Reflection Ratio Pump1 Temperature 25 Pump2 Temperature 24 Pin Alarms Any issues related to bringing the amplification up will be reflected in the status and alarms section ofthe output In the event that there are issues attempt to resolve them and then start over at step 1 common 33 0 dB LE 96 4 1 Operating the Command Line Interface
146. uts Character Description Go to the beginning ofa line ctr Go back one character ctr Cancels input currently on the command line ctr Go forward one character ctr Delete current character ctr Go to the end ofa line FASE 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 Character Description zi N 4 Scrolls forward through command history t Scrolls backward through command history JBE E Redraws the current command input This command is useful for restor ing what you have already typed ifthe DXM writes output to the screen while you are entering a command El 2 a Discards the current command line and exits configure mode This is equivalent to typing end at a configure mode prompt o O Completes a partially entered unique keyword If there is more than one possible completion displays a list of the possibilities Command Modes When you first connect to the DXM Transport Terminal the command line is in disabled mode Some Some informational commands are available such as show but configuration can only take place in enabled mode Disabled Mode Commands The following commands are available in disabled mode at the mode has changed disable enable exit logout ping show version Changing Command Modes To enter enabled mode use the enable command If a password is set for enabled mode you are prompted to enter it Type the password which is not displayed and press enter I
147. vel that is likely to damage to component Low Warning Temperature of the component is falling toward levels that may damage the component High Warning Temperature of the component is rising toward levels that may damage the component 3 2 2 Threshold Description High Alarm Temperature of the component has risen to a level that is likely to damage the component Critical Temperature of the component has exceeded safe levels The DXM should be shut down immediately The Low Warning and High Warning thresholds indicate that temperatures are moving toward levels that may cause damage to a component but they have not yet exceeded safe levels Warnings indicate that there might be a problem with the component and that you should monitor it closely The Low Alarm and High Alarm thresholds indicate that temperatures have exceeded regular op erational parameters for that component and continued operation at that temperature is likely to damage the component If the component is a replaceable part such as a pluggable optical trans ceiver SFP or XFP fan module or power module turning the component off is recommended to prevent further damage The component may need to be replaced The Critical threshold indicates that the component is probably already damaged and will be shut off immediately to prevent possible damage to other DXM components In addition to the temperature sensors provided by individual components of the DXM th

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