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P-CAD Signal Integrity

1. Repott ODLUOLDS Report page Report page Report page header Report page Report eee Report spreadsheet loadable REDON Report iming Cala REDOT eo ae atat cett cerns ie etras t SCIO Ius P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Report Voltage data 59 Save TO aH SDF 61 TNE VIOW a 65 VIEW arange NEIS 66 VIEW COMMANA S 63 View o iere ibo toe 66 Voltage d 64 Options commands e o ete 115 pem Um 115 oin osea aede etm D 115 SUNN ciae peii 116 Simulator accuracy 117 Simulator DC analysis 118 Simulator integration 117 P PCB design parameters review and complete 11 R Reflection Introduction to the simulator 26 UO ER enti 75 simulatiori results tein 75 starting simulation 75 Reflection simulation REF OCUCTIONN 75 POSES 26 Reports 44 bru 47 RM 61 IJe
2. 112 P 113 114 zo 115 Command 5 115 COMMNQUIC ee ee 115 Mer ener ee d oec Mit tear ee 116 Help Commands rece satan tee sheeted 119 signal ntegrity Help 119 HOWTO USC ICID ace se ete PE 119 AbdoutP CAD Signal iptegElly ies oink edict bid odisea 119 appendix A List of Signal Integrity Digital Integrated Circuits Signal Integrity Device Library 121 Signal Integrity Device 121 Digital Integrated Circuits included in P CAD Signal 122 appendix B List of Signal Integrity System Messages Signal Integrity System 169 Wave Analyzer Messages 14 170 P CAD IBIS Converter System 171 appendix C Units and Default Values Unts IRepresente tlOD co po at Eee MN DUUM DII 173 Common Unit Factor Characters 2 atero cibus caeci dud iesus 173 174 Editor Parameter 174 iv P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide CHAP
3. YA FUIT IL Crosstalk Simulation Result X 3 4586 008 Y 1 5087 Create Macromodel The Macromodel Editor enables you to create your own custom device models The models are organized in the library tree To open the Macromodel Editor select the Macromodel Editor command from the Library menu in P CAD Signal Integrity screen The library tree displays as shown 36 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Create Macromodel Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Macromodel Editor Ele Edit Window Help E Model Library IC E a IC nud IC Tri You can navigate through the User Model Library as you do in Windows Explorer The library contains a folder for each type of parts and models defined in the database IC models folders are also sub divided into folders for each available technology The full list of technologies available is described in the Macromodel Editor commands description in chapter 8 The items in the tree represent user defined custom models Let s add a new Resistor component To do so click on the Resistor model folder This displays the currently defined Resistor components there may be none currently defined Model Library IC In lag IC Cut 1 Tri fy Connectar TL fy Connector LE E Resistor Choose Edit from the Macromodel Editor menu bar and select Add from the pull down men
4. edit delete all waves Edit P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide etm D 82 HL Cale oran 82 HECHO IDs uptime tup 81 ITO pe 78 TCL ODO me Sacto 78 Dage Setups 80 TIG son 79 Url mE 78 PICS AN CY dst i s 79 frequency domain view 04 Help 5 90 mis lox ossia EN CDU 90 ene ert iiid ede 90 Tnitgoro EferiTo n toc E EUM 77 Measurement 87 measurement display 28 opening a wave 78 Options commandis 87 Options display 2 eode 87 ODL OLS ccc descuento 07 OPUONS WAIVE 90 OVIE iee A 83 print the display 32 PEIOR 81 save 79 saving waves in 78 wave some ertet ertt es 87 89 90 ZOO AE au su ERE UC NC 27 82 83 Wave save ANG auae beca 28 185
5. Net length the sum of the length of all trace segments e he Net characteristic impedance the average impedance derived by the sum of the impedance of each trace segment multiplied by the length of the trace segment and divided by the sum of the length of the traces The bottom right hand window displays the connected pins for the net selected in the top simulation window Scroll down and select DEMO 05 DEMO 11 from the top simulation window Select Nets by Net Class Allows you to analyze nets by net classes Normally the left list box shows the names of all nets of the current design To analyze only a group of nets define net classes in P CAD PCB and assign the affected nets to the class After pressing the button Get PCB Nets the drop down list Net Class is filled with all net classes of the design Select a net class and the list below contains only the nets of that class To see all nets select the entry All P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Edit Components specifications The Edit Buffer button located on the Signal Integrity entry window gives access to the component s data dialog We will look at data windows for IC s Resistors and Capacitors Other components will display different screens as applicable First on the Signal Integrity bottom right hand window select the component U1 P CAD 2001 Signa
6. P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial The toolbar display is context sensitive and only commands available at each stage have their icon highlighted Import list of PCB nets to analyze The first step is to import the nets from the PCB into P CAD Signal Integrity To do this click on the f Get Netlist icon or choose File in the menu bar and select Get Nets from the pull down menu This will list on the left of the window in the Nets column all the nets in the PCB currently open in P CAD PCB P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb File Edit Simulation Library Options Help 2 2 Sokki mur All Nets Simulation Net Class Length mm Average Imp Ohm Designator Type Pin Comment Edit Butter Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters We can now edit and modify The electrical component types The supply nets The Layer Stack of the whole PCB The choice of nets to analyze SS The components specifications Edit Components To access the Edit Components dialog choose Edit in the Menu bar and select Components from the pull down menu The Components list box contains the names of all components in the active design You can select individual or multiple components in the list box Once sele
7. 175 Junction 177 Junction 178 TUDCHOD 176 Low current BETA degradation effect 178 NOISE 177 179 Parasitic ResIStOr eese tnn 178 Temperature effect 177 179 181 Index 182 Transit TIC 179 Editor parameter specification High current BETA degradation effect 178 Editor parameters descriptions 174 Revives 48 F File Gd I mE 44 Qual E 43 44 48 File 43 File COH DIS se a 43 G General 5 93 EibraDV 93 Macromodel editor 93 Options commanxds 115 Generate model report example pose cen ertt 41 H hardware 15 5 Help COMMANGS see oe niece oic 119 IBIS files dE O ops ota theft i apttd 111 OX m 115 FIle COMINMANGS 112 113 112 112 114 model generation STONE CASE 113 TypICal6dSe 113 Weak 113 FPO Esai a aepo outs 115 Import BIS Dear sent abite 111 coe n e
8. Apply 3 Capacitance B TF Add Inductivity Li 3 3 nH Capacitance 5001 _Remove_ Comment You can add or remove cascades by using the Add or Remove buttons When you add a new Connector LE the Connector LE dialog is displayed with default values You can change the values of the cascade currently selected in the list and assign them by clicking the Apply button When removing cascades at least one cascade must remain File Commands File Exit The Macromodel Editor File Exit command exits the Macromodel Editor program Edit Commands The Macromodel Editor Edit commands are accessed from the Macromodel Editor menu They allow you to view add and make changes to objects in the library The Edit menu is context sensitive and is described below in context Edit Open This command is available only when you point to a model component inside a folder It opens the model component dialog in the Macromodel Editor right hand side of the display P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 109 Chapter 8 General Commands Window Commands Edit Add This command is available only when you point on a folder It lets you add an item in the current model When you click the Add command a component model dialog is displayed with default values for the parameters You can then modify these as required Further details on adding a component model are listed in each model
9. 63 13 ns 0 42 V Maximum 19 9 12 89 ns Vmax 4 32 V Base Line 19 9 Vbase 0 00 V Top Line 9 9 Vtop 4 47 V Select Page Setup on the WaveAnalyzer File pull down menu This displays the Page Setup dialog on which you can specify paper size source orientation and margins 31 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Run Reflection Simulation 32 Page Setup ca Source Automatically Select Orientation Margins millimeters Portrait Lett 25 4 Right 25 4 C Landscape Top 31 8 Bottom 31 8 Cancel Printer Click on the Printer button to specify the printer On the displayed dialog you can select a printer and enter the property details for the chosen printer Page Setup 2 x Printer Name WALDERAMIN Xerox DocuPrint C55 PS Properties Status Ready Type Xerox DocuPrint C55 PS Where 195 37 60 76 5 Comment Network Click to accept the printer selection and again to close the Page Setup dialog Then click Print on the WaveAnalyzer File pull down menu This displays the standard Windows print dialog and sends the Wave display to the printer You can also use the Print icon to print the display when the page setup and the printer details are already specified The introduction of the termination appears to have resolved the r
10. Cancel File Exit The File Exit command closes the Wave Analyzer and returns to the P CAD Signal Integrity screen Edit Commands The Wave Analyzer Edit commands deal with managing the Wave Analyzer display Edit Copy The Edit Copy command is initiated from the Edit command pull down menu The Edit Copy command copies the displayed waves to the clipboard so that you can load them to another program such as Word The picture below shows a wave display copied from the Wave Analyzer DEMO D11 Reflection Simulation Result P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 81 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Edit Commands Edit Rescale The Edit Rescale command rescales the display so that all the full waves fit into the diagram If you issue the Edit Rescale command when the display is zoomed in the display reverts to the original size and scale ignoring any range options specified for the X and Y axes The Edit Rescale command is initiated from the Edit command pull down menu Edit Redraw The Edit Redraw command redraws the display The Edit Redraw command is initiated from the Edit command pull down menu Edit Delete Selected Wave The Edit Delete Selected Wave command deletes the selected wave A wave can be selected or de selected by clicking with the mouse on the wave name on the right of the waves display The Edit Delete Selected Wave command is initiated from the Edit com
11. P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 71 Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands 72 Termination Advisor Methods None Serial C Parallel to te GND C Parallel R s to and GND C Parallel C to GND C R andC to GND Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values R2 GND FE R2 100 Ohm Description With a parallel resistor connected to GND receiver input is matched to the transmission line impedance R2 ZL This is a perfect termination for the line reflections but there continously flows curent in the termination resistor This increases power dissipation and depending on the resistor value leads to decreased high voltage levels Perhaps Cancel The value displayed is the default value for the parameter 5 Parallel R s to VCC and GND This kind of termination also called Thevenin termination or split termination can be used for TTL bus systems With 1 R2 Zi the termination network is well dimensioned for eliminating transmission line reflections However the disadvantage of this termination is the large DC current through the resistor divider In order to avoid violations of datasheet specifications resistor values should be derived carefully In most cases a compromise between perfect match and acceptably low current can be achieved Methods C None ucc Serial R1
12. Component 1 240 Model Export 2 The following models are already existing in the library LYC240_IM_tp LYC240_0UT_tp E240 tp This models will be overwritten if you continue may avoid this aborting the export now rename the affected models and then export again Do really want to averwrite the existing models The Library entries resulting from the Export are displayed below st Strong tp Typical wk Weak E 3 HC E DRAM ID tp SDRAM 10 st SDRAM 10 tp 10 wk Report The IBIS File Report command lets you generate a report as Word document When you choose this command the Generate Model Report dialog is displayed Save CX Ibis File name Save as 1819 Model Report rtf Cancel You can enter a name for the report in the File name box By default the name of the currently opened IBIS file is displayed 114 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Options Commands Chapter 8 General Commands IBIS Model Info Wed Jan 31 19 02 45 2001 Component lwo240 Buffer 1 Direction Input Model LvC240 IN Characteristics Best Case Typ Case Worst Case C comp typical typical typical Clamp typical typical typical Power Clamp typical typical typical Component Eu Directian Input Tristate Model LYC240 OUT Characteristics Best Case Typ Case Worst Case C comp typical typical typical GND Clamp
13. DIELECTRIC LAYER material height dielectric constant PLANE LAYER number height demo net Notepad File Edit Format Help Signal DEMO 0 Length Min Impedance Max Impedance Average Impedance Component Name Type Direction Technology Model Component Name Type Direction amp Notepad File Edit Format Help Coupled Zone 3 Pile ES 0 32 rum 4 8 12 0 035 rum Prepreg 0 32 mm 4 8 13 0 035 mm 100 045 rm 79 2772 Ohm 79 2772 Ohm 79 2772 Ohm DEMO BUF IC In ACT demo buffer in mac Ui DEMO CPU TC Bi Out 2 96543 mm DEMO DO DEMO D2 53 7621 DEMO D1 DEMO DO DEMO D2 32 5972 DEMO D2 DEMO DO File Commands P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide File Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Page Format These options when enabled are output with whatever report type you have chosen to use Use Header and Use Footer include the text you have specified in the header and footer fields Date Page includes the current date and page number Pagination allows you to create your own pagination lines per page when you generate the report to the printer or to a file see Report Destination section below When you generate the report to the screen the report is displayed on the Notepad In this case use the print command available in the Notepad File command to print the report Style Format This enables
14. The edit dialog for Inductors and Capacitors is similar to the Resistor dialog but the dialog captions are different and other units are used Inductor L20 Connections Pin Conn Value 10 Connect Pin 1 Apply to Pin 2 using value 10 nH Comment Diode Models The Diode Model dialog has five tabs When you add a new Diode model the tabs are filled with default values P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands Diode Diode Diode Diode Diode Diode P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 103 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor Diode Diode Comment Junction DC Junction Capacitance Temperature Effect Noise Flicker Noise Coefficient 0 Flicker Moise Exponent 1 Diode Diode OR gt lt Temperature Effect Junction Junction Capacitance Comment Comment x You can modify the parameter fields as required and when you click the File Close button the following dialog is displayed The model Diode has been modified Do you want to save the changes Cancel Click Yes to save the changes you have made BJT Transistor Here the Edit window has six tabs When you add a new BJT model the tabs are filled with default values You can modify the parameters as required and when you click the Close button the followi
15. 158 SN74LS49FK SN74LS49J SN74LS49N SN74LS51D SN74LS51FK SN74L551 SN74LS51N SN74LS540DW SN74LS540FK SN74L5540 SN74LS540N SN7ALS541DW SN74LS541FK 5 741 5541 SN74LS541N SN74LS54D SN74LS54FK SN74LS54J SN74LS54N SN74LS55D SN74LS55FK SN74L555 SN74LS55N SN74LS56JG SN74LS621 SN74LS621N SN74LS622DW SN74LS622FK SN74LS622 SN74LS622N SN74LS623DW SN74LS623FK 5 7415623 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 159 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 160 SN74LS681 J SN74LS681N SN74LS682DW SN74LS682FK 5 7415682 SN74LS682N SN74LS683DW SN74LS683FK 5 74156893 SN74LS683N SN74LS684DW SN74LS684FK 5 7415684 SN74LS684N SN74LS685DW SN74LS685FK SN74L5685 SN74LS685N SN74LS686DW SN7A4LS686FK SN74LS686JT SN74LS686NT SN74LS687DW SN74LS687FK SN74L56987 T SN74LS687NT SN74LS688DW SN74LS688FK SN74LS688 SN74LS688N SN74LS689DW SN74LS689F K SN74L5689 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 161 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity snavs _ 162 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integr
16. 23 Screening 57 SDF file des CHIU OM aes a ea 61 cR 62 61 Select nets to analyze 11 Set APSI OSSOTTINOLA 75 SEU VICUMU ING lec uides etre sehe te oett 75 Signal Integrity DEVICE WOT ANY 121 Device searching handling 121 W 10 Getting STATO io 5 FEID OPCS 119 ICON ct 43 MENIC EG anpa 6 introduction to the simulator 69 List of digital circuits included 122 menu Dal sesion 7 43 T 10 MESSA BES 169 System messages list 169 E EO 7 9 Tutorial eda dete 9 Units and default values 173 Wave Analyzer 44992 iai 77 Simulation 76 CIN 69 75 Set ABgpressor NGC 75 Seb NE 75 Termination Advisor 69 Simulation commands 69 Simulator 117 DC analysis options 118 UR 43 Integration 117 OU OMG OR 116 48 software 5 Start Reflection simula
17. PROFESSIONAL TOOLS FOR BOARD LAYOUT SPECIALISTS Signal Integrity p cad PCB layout system from Allium Copyrights Software documentation and related materials Copyright 2002 Altium Limited This software product is copyrighted and all rights are reserved The distribution and sale of this product are intended for the use of the original purchaser only per the terms of the License Agreement This document may not in whole or part be copied photocopied reproduced translated reduced or transferred to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Altium Limited U S Government use duplication or disclosure is subject to RESTRICTED RIGHTS under applicable government regulations pertaining to trade secret commercial computer software developed at private expense including FAR 227 14 subparagraph g 3 i Alternative 1 and 252 227 7013 subparagraph c 1 ii P CAD is a registered trademark and P CAD Schematic P CAD Relay P CAD PCB P CAD ProRoute P CAD QuickRoute P CAD InterRoute P CAD InterRoute Gold P CAD Library Manager P CAD Library Executive P CAD Document Toolbox P CAD InterPlace P CAD Parametric Constraint Solver P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Shape Based Autorouter P CAD DesignFlow P CAD ViewCenter Master Designer and Associate Designer are trademarks of Altium Limited Other brand names are trademarks of their respective companies Altium L
18. 1 Mhz Clock stm sa 1 Clock stm Clock stm e single stm File name Files of type STIMULI stm Cancel P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 55 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Commands Select the file you want to use and click the Open button This will update the Stimulus with the file data Stimulus details can be saved to a file This is done by clicking the Save button which displays the Stimulus Save dialog Save Stimulus Save in stimuli ian 100MHz Clack stm ka Clock stm single stm Save type STIMULI stm Cancel Enter a name for the Stimulus file The file type stm is automatically assigned 56 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands P CAD Signal Integrity s screening capability allows you to quickly screen a number of nets for signal integrity and timing effects It utilizes a very fast 2D reflection simulator that uses a linear representation of the IC pin behavior to achieve the high speed It provides you with an overview of the characteristics of the nets that are screened Besides geometrical information it provides also estimated values for signal integrity effects overshoot undershoot P CAD Signal Integrity Screening should be used to determine which nets may be critical and therefore require inspection in greater de
19. Defaults Cancel P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Chapter 8 General Commands Help Commands Signal Integrity includes online reference help but differs from the manuals in its format and accessibility The main advantages of online help are the availability of hypertext links between related subjects an electronic cross reference utility and the keyword search function an electronic index Signal Integrity Help Topics Displays the P CAD Signal Integrity online help including Contents tab which is structured to match the order of the commands as they appear in the product and the Index tab which lets you look up a specific concept or keyword How to use Help Connects you to the Windows help system where instructions on how to use the help system are provided About P CAD Signal Integrity Displays a dialog that contains information such as the product version number release date memory used memory available and license details P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity p cad 2001 SPECIALIZED DESIGN TOOLS FOR PCB PROFESSIONALS Copyright 1985 pow Accel Technologies inc All rights reserved P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity Version 16 00 16 00 56 Copyright 1983 2001 ACCEL Technologies Inc Warning This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program or any portion of it may re
20. General Commands Library COMMMANG S tona 93 Macromodel exo S 93 Description of the TIDraty Ia md Bug 94 IC 96 IC Input Ie ISAS 97 nce 98 Resistors Inductors Capacitors Models 100 Diode Models eee 102 BJF SAIN cile oe te 104 Connector Transmission line 108 Connector Lumped Element 108 Fle Command En 109 FIS EXIT eta 109 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide iii EA E EN E E E 109 Edit ODEN soseo e a er ert a NEM 109 Edr Adda a aaa Ree aR REN 110 coy ene Crt we oe We te ena 110 Edit Save AS E 110 NERA T DN MM 110 Edit Be 2 ce PER 110 Wmndow COMI I E 110 Window Cascade ET 111 VVINGOW Arange ICONS E 111 WIIG 111 IMPON IBIS Fil 111 IBIS PL 112 Opener N
21. SN74F382DW SN74F382N SN74F38D SN74F38N SN74F40D SN74F40N P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 147 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 148 SN74F51N SN74F520DW SN74F520N SN74F521DW SN74F521N SN74F533DW SN74F533N SN74F534DW SN74F534N SN74F540DW SN74F540N SN74F541DW SN74F541N SN74F543DB SN74F543DW SN74F543N SN74F544DW SN74F544N SN74F563DW SN74F563N SN74F564DW SN74F564N SN74F568DW SN74F568N SN74F569DW SN74F569N SN74F573DW SN74F573N P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 149 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 150 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity Conas SN74LS02FK SN74LS113AFK SN74LS137FK P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 151 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 152 SN74L502 SN74LS02N SN74LS03D SN74LS03FK SN74L503 SN74LS03N SN74LS04D 5 741504 SN74LS04J 5 741504 SN74LS05D SN74LSO5FK SN74L505 SN74LS05N SN74LS08D 5 741508 5 741508 SN74LS08N SN74LS09D SN74LSO9FK SN74L509 SN74LS09N SN74LS153D SN74LS153FK 5 7415153 SN74LS153N SN74LS155AD SN74LS155AFK SN74LS155AJ SN74LS155AN SN74LS156D SN74LS156FK 5 7415156 P CAD Signal
22. STIMULI stm Cancel Stimulus details may also be loaded from a file To do so click the Load button The Load Stimulus dialog is displayed Choose the demo stimulus file single stm located in the stimuli sub directory and click the Open button This will update the Stimulus tab with the details of the file Click OK to close the ntegrated Circuit dialog Back in the Signal Integrity window select component R2 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 19 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Now click the Edit Buffer button again This displays the Resistor dialog You can add or remove pins for connections routed to resistor arrays For the purpose of this tutorial we will make no change to this resistor Click the Cancel button to close the Resistor dialog Back in the Signal Integrity window select the component C1 and choose the Edit Buffer button to display the Capacitor dialog 100 pF Again leave the Capacitor unchanged and click the Cancel button 20 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Screen the Nets Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Screen the Nets Screening provides a fast simulation of many nets to enable you get closer information about the nets and to identify critical nets for closer examination Besides geometrical information it also provides estimated values for Signal Integrity effects overshoot unde
23. The Analyze Topline command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon Measurements Top Line U3 5 5 00 This displays the top line for wave U3 5 Options Commands The Wave Analyzer Options commands deal with modifying the waves display attributes Options Measurement Area The Options Measurement Area command toggles the display of the measurement area The Options Measurement Area command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu Options Wave Names The Options Wave Names command toggles the display of the wave names The Options Wave Names command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu Options Display The Options Display command enables you to set the fonts and colors for the Title Axis Wave Names as well as the Background Foreground and Highlight on the simulation result display area The Options Display command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu Options Display Colors Background Foreground m Fonts Title Wave Names Highlight Cancel P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 87 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Options Commands 88 Clicking any of the buttons in the Fonts column of the Options Display dialog displays the Font dialog This enables you to specify the font characteristics These take effect when you click the OK button ki EI Font Fa
24. WEC Description With a parallel resistor connected to receiver matched to the transmission line impedance R1 ZL This is a perfect termination for the line reflections but there continously flows current in the termination resistor This increases power dissipation and depending on the resistor value leads to increased low voltage levels Perhaps e Cancel With a parallel resistor connected to at receiver Pull up resistor the input is matched to the transmission line impedance R1 Zi This is a perfect termination for effects due to line reflections but there is a continuous flow of current through the termination resistor This increases power dissipation and depending on the resistor value leads to increased low voltage levels which may conflict with operation conditions specified in the component data sheets The values displayed are the default values for the parameters 4 Parallel R to GND With a parallel resistor connected to GND at the receiver Pull down resistor the receiver input is matched to the transmission line impedance R2 Zi This is a perfect termination regarding line reflections but there is a continuous current drain through the termination resistor This increases power dissipation and depending on the resistor value leads to decreased high voltage levels which may conflict with operation conditions specified in the component data sheets
25. e Integrated macro model editor allows easy and fast definition of own models using databook or measurement values e Signal Integrity utilizes the P CAD DBX API interface for interactive communications P CAD Signal Integrity be loaded with complete PCBs or subsets of data single or multiple nets single layers etc Signal Integrity supports cross highlighting with the layout nets under analysis P CAD Signal Integrity can provide an INCASES EMC WORKBENCH SULTAN file for extended EMC analysis P CAD Signal Integrity can back annotate termination networks onto the board as DRC marker P CAD Signal Integrity and Xtalk are designed for analyzing PCB s with consistent power and or ground planes Use of the tools on boards without consistent power or ground planes will lead to untrustworthy results User Interface There are three basic operational screens for P CAD Signal Integrity the net screen the pre analysis screen and the result screen The net screen and the result screen can be utilized simultaneously P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 3 CHAPTER 2 P CAD Signal Integrity Getting Started This chapter gives information on the required hardware and software needed before installing P CAD Signal Integrity products It also introduces you to the P CAD Signal Integrity interface System Requirements Make sure that your PC and its software conform to the follo
26. s Guide 173 Appendix Common Units Character _ You cannot use unit factor characters where it is unusual e g on temperature time angle Common Units Pane Editor Parameter Descriptions Infinite Values inf have been substituted by a value of 1000 within the application Resistor arrays By default there is one connection pin 1 pin2 using a value of 1 MOhm Inductor arrays By default there is one connection pin 1 pin2 using a value of 10 nH Capacitor arrays By default there is one connection pin 1 pin2 using a value of 10 pF 174 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix C Editor Parameter Descriptions IC INPUT TRISTATE Basic Mme Technology CENE technology Supply Voltage supply voltage IC INPUT TRISTATE Clamping Name Demh IC OUTPUT Basic Name Dein Technology SSS IC OUTPUT Clamping Mme IC OUTPUT Voltage Timing Name Dein SSS Voltage High high level voltage Voltage Low low level voltage Fall Time falling flank time P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 175 Appendix Editor Parameter Descriptions Checking the Open Sink Box enables these parameters but disables Voltage Hi from the Voltage Timing parameters IC OUTPUT Open Sink Mme oett Description 176 Pull up 220 Ohm Pull up resistance used for parameter
27. CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands View Commands The Screening View commands are accessed from the View menu which appears on the menu bar when you initiate the Screening command They deal with selecting and organizing what is displayed on the Screening window and displaying the nets characteristics Each of these commands is discussed below Net Data View The Net Data View displays for each net e The net length This is the sum of the length of the traces number of IC s connected to the traces e The number of segments for each trace 232 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Iof Edit View wj s Nets Length mm Component Tracet DEMO 100 0 2 Dr 92 7 _010 71 4 2 D11 2 4 D12 70 7 2 b DEMO D2 98 0 2 n n En 3 2 E El tj The Net Data View command can be initiated by choosing Net Data View from the View pull down menu or by clicking on its icon You can expand or restrict the columns size by dragging in or out at the column separation vertical line on the column header Impedance View The Impedance View displays for each net e The average impedance of the trace It is derived from The sum of the impedance of the traces multiplied by the length of the traces and divided by the sum of the length of the traces e he minimum impedance of the trace P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 63 Chapter 5 P CAD
28. Cannot locate program The application cannot find a Re run the SETUP EXE program name Please re program that is necessary for the located on the P CAD Signal run SETUP EXE correct functionality Integrity installation CD Cannot initialize library This could mean that the library Re run the SETUP EXE module Please re run is deleted or the P CAD Signal located on the P CAD Signal SETUP EXE Integrity directory is read only Integrity installation CD DC Operation point not Unmatched line terminations Change the Simulator found Check the nets and produce a lot of ringing options for DC Analysis the simulator options and P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 169 Appendix Signal Integrity System Messages 170 _ Equation for the calculation Transmission line loop in the Re design the net without of the line currents cannot net any transmission line loop be solved Internal time step too small Numerical problems in solve the Reduce the accuracy of the Check the nets and the network equations solution simulator options and try again Simulation Error Check the The simulator generates an error Check the nets nets and try again message Wave Analyzer Messages List Wem Mn Cannot open file The input file does not exist Check for an existing input filename file Invalid input file filename A syntax error was encountered Check the file that it is a during the load of the
29. Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Run Reflection Simulation Methods None C Serial C Parallel A to gt C Parallel to GND C Parallel R s to VCC and GND PE Passi Cis GND i C Rand C to GND C Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values Description Sometimes capacitor to GND is used at the receiver input to reduce signal noise amp disadvantage is that rising and falling waveforms at the receiver may become too smooth and increased rise and fall times may cause timing problems x Now let s run the reflection simulation again Click on the Reflection icon and on the WaveAnalyzer display select the wave U9 pin 9 again by clicking on the line under its name and click the measurement icons to display the measurements in the Measurements area P CAD WaveAnalyzer Edit Analyze Options Help isles ala vp dee Measurements Minimum 19 9 t 66 74 ns Vmin 2 43 V Maximum 19 9 t 16 38 ns Ymax 7 11 V Base Line U3 3 Vbase 0 00 V Top Line 9 9 4 33 V 0 50 0 60 1 7 1 00 gt Reflection Simulation Result X 5 0505 009 Y 7 2701 The overshoot Vmax 7 11 V is a slight reduction on the original 7 92 V before the termination was added but it is still significant Let s try a different termination be Close the WaveAnalyzer window and go back to the S
30. Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity SN74LS158D SN74LS158FK 5 7415158 SN74LS158N SN74LS15D SN74LS15FK SN74L515 SN74LS15N SN74LS160AD SN74LS160AFK SN74LS160AJ SN74LS160AN SN74LS161AD SN74LS161AFK SN74LS161AJ SN74LS161AN SN74LS162AD SN74LS162AFK SN74LS162AJ SN74LS162AN SN74LS163AD SN74LS163AFK SN74LS163AJ SN74LS163AN SN74L519 SN74LS19N SN74LS20D SN74LS20FK P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 153 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 154 SN74L520 SN74LS20N SN7ALS21D SN74LS21FK SN74LS21 SN74LS21N SN7ALS221D SN74LS221FK 5 7415221 SN74LS221N 5 7415220 SN74LS22FK 5 741522 5 741522 SN74LS240DW SN74LS240FK 5 7415240 SN74LS240N 5 7415241 SN7ALS241DW SN74LS241FK SN74LS241N 5 74152420 5 7415242 5 7415242 SN74LS242N SN7ALS243D SN74LS243FK SN74LS 243 SN74LS243N SN7ALS244DW SN7ALS244FK SN74LS244 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 155 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 156 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 157 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity
31. P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Commands 50 Coupled nets are identified according to the settings in the Options Configure dialog which defines how close the nets are couple distance and the distance that the nets run in parallel couple length for them to be considered coupled Select Options Configure from the menus to set up the coupling properties To use this command select a net in the All Nets column then chose Edit Find Coupled Nets or click the Find Coupled Nets icon Any coupled nets will be selected in the All Nets column Edit Layer Stack This command enables you to enter or modify the Layer Stack specifications The Layer Stack of the PCB must be specified for the calculation of the electrical behavior characteristic impedance and phase velocity of the traces The required parameters and their default value are listed below Parameter details Default Value The correct sequence of the layers The thickness of the different copper 35 um layers The thickness of the dielectric 0 32mm planes The dielectric constant of the 48 substrate The Layer Stack and all the calculated transmission line parameters are automatically saved as file This database is stored together with the current PCB project name It is automatically re used if the same PCB is analyzed in multiple P CAD Signal Integrity sessions Rather than always re calculating the transmission line characteristi
32. PCB see command File Open SULTAN File Name RES Save in stimuli ex Bc History Desktop My Computer My Network Save as type SULTAN slt Cancel 2 When you choose SULTAN Out from the File pull down menu the SULTAN File dialog is displayed and you can specify the directory and filename for the file you want to save Enter the file name for the nets The s1t file type identifying SULTAN files is automatically assigned File Exit This command exits the P CAD Signal Integrity Simulator Before exiting P CAD Signal Integrity saves the settings of supply nets designators and the layer stack as well as the latest simulation options These will be re used the next time P CAD Signal Integrity is started Edit Commands 48 The Edit commands are accessed from the Edit menu which appears on the menu bar when you enter P CAD Signal Integrity They deal with obtaining and modifying the Nets data for the simulation process Each of these commands is discussed below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Edit Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Take Over T The Take Over command acquires the geometric and part data for the nets selected in the left All Nets column from the current P CAD PCB database After successful data transfer these will be displayed in the Simulation windows P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb Fi
33. Parallel to Parallel to GND Parallel C to GND C RandCto GND Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values R1 220 Ohm R2 330 Ohm 5 V Description well dimensioned for eleminating transmission line reflections However the disadvantage of this termination is the large DC current through the resistor devider In order _ Cancel Termination Advisor P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Termination Advisor Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands The values displayed are the default values for the parameters 6 Parallel C to GND Sometimes a capacitor to GND is used at the receiver input to reduce signal noise A disadvantage is that rising and falling waveforms at the receiver may become too smooth and these increases in rise and fall times may cause timing problems Methods C None Serial C Parallel to VCC gt Parallel to GND Parallel R s to VCC and GND T GND C C to GND C Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Malues Description Sometimes capacitor to GND is used at the receiver input to reduce signal noise amp disadvantage is that rising and falling waveforms at the receiver may become too smooth and increased rise and fall times may cause timing problems Cancel The value displayed is the default value for the parameter 7 P
34. Signal Integrity Screening Commands View Commands e The maximum impedance of the trace 238 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help z Nets Average Imp Ohm Min Imp Ohm Max Imp Ohm DEMO_DO The View Impedance View command can be initiated by choosing Impedance View from the View pull down menu or by clicking on its icon Voltage View The Voltage View displays for each net e The Top value of the Rising edge e The Maximum Overshoot of the Rising edge e The Maximum Undershoot of the Rising edge e The Base value of the Falling edge e The Maximum Overshoot of the Rising edge e The Maximum Undershoot of the Rising edge 64 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide View Commands 23 33 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help uj size uj E Nes Value Risin Max Overshoot Rising Max Undershoot Rising Base Falling Max Undershoot DEMO_DO 5 00 3 48 2 56 0 00 2 95 DEMO_D1 5 00 3 39 2 53 0 00 2 82 DEMO_D10 5 00 2 34 2 17 0 00 2 20 DEMO_D11 5 00 2 85 2 04 0 00 2 04 DEMO_D12 5 00 2 34 2 15 0 00 2 18 DEMO_D13 5 00 2 79 2 02 0 00 1 35 DEMO_D14 5 00 2 96 2 21 0 00 2 22 DEMO_D15 5 00 2 74 1 99 0 00 1 89 DEMO_D16 5 00 2 46 1 80 0 00 1 59 DEMO 01 5 00 2 76 2 01 0 00 1 32 DEMO 018 5 00 2 29 1 71 0 00 1 37 The Voltage View command can be initiated by choosing Voltage View from the View pull down menu or b
35. Takeover icon P CAD Signal Integrity then extracts all the required data for these nets and displays these in the simulation windows You can now select a net in the upper window and select the respective component in the lower window You can now proceed with the editing as described below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 53 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Commands 54 P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity File Edit Simulation Library Options Help S B gt k le il Pile Es r Simulation Length mm Averagelmp Dhm Comment 1 DEMO D10 71 4 78 81 2 D11 66 6 78 81 3 DEMO D12 70 7 78 81 DEMO D10 DEMO 211 DEMO D12 Designator Type Direction Comment 1 IC 54 Bi Out U3 IC 4 In lt gt Wut To modify specifications of components click the Edit Buffer button under the simulation windows This displays the relevant component dialog Integrated Circuit Model Stimulus Component Designator U3 DEMO_BUF Part Technology ACT m Save to Library Technology Direction Input Model demo buffer Ga E em You can change the component Model and the Stimulus pattern The Model tab shows the selected component parameters and its current settings The Part Technology Input Model and Output Model boxes are context sensitive
36. When you choose a part technology the default models of the part are taken from this technology Similarly choosing a Technology and a direction will automatically display a list of relevant input and or output models to select from P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Edit Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Select a model and click OK to apply the changes To save these changes to the library click the Save to Library button Integrated Circuit Model Stimulus Stimulus Singe Pulse Load Save Level Time Simulation Time Start Level m Total Time f 00 nsec Start Time 0 nsec Time Step f 00 psec Stop Time 50 nsec On the Stimulus tab you can modify the Stimulus pattern to one of the following Constant Level Single pulse or Periodic pulses and the Stimulus level to High or Low The wave display will change to reflect your choices The number of parameters displayed is context sensitive with the stimulus type chosen You can also specify Start and Stop times for the pulse and the Period time if a periodic pulse is chosen Stimulus details may also be loaded from a file To do so click on the Load button This will display the Load Stimulus dialog with the files contained in the current folder If the file you want is not displayed you can browse through other directories Load Stimulus Look in stimuli T 100 Clock stm
37. and dialogs It also includes additional information about simulation concepts and procedures When you start the P CAD Signal Integrity the entry screen is displayed giving you access to process specific icons menus and commands Edt Simulation Library Options Help e B 881190068 mes File Commands The File commands are accessed from the File menu which appears on the menu bar when you enter P CAD Signal Integrity The File commands allow you to open and save files get nets to analyze and produce reports Each of these commands is discussed below File Open The File Open command imports an existing SULTAN file as input to the simulator using the Windows standard File Open dialog A SULTAN file is a representation of the PCB geometry and the required electrical and design specific information like value of resistors and component designators This representation is used to store PCB databases so that P CAD Signal Integrity can be used without having P CAD PCB open gt The File Open command can be initiated from the File command pull down menu or by its icon When you choose File Open P CAD Signal Integrity displays a dialog from which you can choose the directory and file name of the file you want to open The Look In area displays the current folder a list of files in the folder appears directly underneath The File name area lets you select or enter a SULTAN file from the list of files displayed
38. and then export again Do you really want to overwrite the existing models Exporting models to the library Cause The models listed already exist in the library Reasons for this can be that you exported the same models or other models with the same names before or that other non IBIS models in the library which were created with the macromodel editor already use that names Consequence You must decide between aborting your action or overwriting the existing models in the library If you are sure that you want to overwrite the listed models e g because you exported them before changed some parameters now and want to re write the models to the library press the Yes button If you are unsure and do not know anything about the models you would over write press the No button re name the affected models and retry exporting 172 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix Units Representation APPENDIX C Units and Default Values This appendix explains the units of measure used and their range and lists the default values used throughout P CAD Signal Integrity Units Representation When you edit values for resistance capacitance time length temperature or whatever you may specify as follows Value type Example Voltage Result Pointed decimal 365 V Unit factor char and 5300 mV unit Common Unit Factor Characters Character _ P CAD Signal Integrity User
39. changes and click on OK for these to take effect Edit Components This command enables you to specify the electrical type of components P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 51 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Commands 52 Components Category Capacitor 4 Category Diode Diode Connector Database Resistor Resistor Resistor IC 13 u4 Tt 15 Ic x Caer The Components list box contains the names of all components in the active design You can select individual or multiple components in the list box Once selected you can specify the electrical type of the components in the Category drop down list With the button To Database you can save the specified component types to your P CAD PCB database The information is saved in the database by a component attribute A second way to specify the component type is to define a component attribute directly in P CAD PCB Define the Component attribute Category and set the value of the attribute to one of the following qualifier If you now load the design into P CAD Signal Integrity the components get the defined electrical types The following electrical component types are supported Diode Diode Dio Inductor Inductor Ind Resistor Resistor Res The default component type is IC P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Edit Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Nets This command
40. ibs File View Help 22 u R Components Buffers Name Direction Model Name Technology Input L C240 IN Input Tristate LVCZ40 OUT HC Output LVCZ40 OUT HC Manufacturer Philips_Semicond Lvc240 IN HC The next three commands deal with models generation By creating these models you can test the performance of your IC design These commands are accessed from the File pull down menu or by their icons Strong Case Model Generation Choosing this model allows you to test your design performance envelope The Strong Case Model represents the extreme of IC fast performance Typical Case Model Generation In most cases Typical model is chosen to get an idea of the typical performance of the design Weak Case Model Generation Choosing this model allows you to test your design performance envelope The Weak Case Model represents the extreme of IC slow performance Export The IBIS File Export command allows you to add the current models to the Library It can be accessed from the File pull down menu or by its icon When you choose this command the models are added to the Library If the models already exist in the Library a confirmation window is displayed which gives you the option to over write the currently stored models or cancel your export operation P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 113 Chapter 8 General Commands IBIS File
41. relevant tab as described below 1 The Technology tab On it you can specify the Supply Voltage for the model IC Input ALS 123 EH Clamping Technology Resistance Capacitance Technology ALS Supply 2 Resistance and Capacitance tab On it you specify the Resistance and Capacitance values IC Input ALS 123 Miel Clamping Technology Resistance Capacitance Resistance 1 Capacitance 4 pF 3 The Clamping tab On this tab you specify the clamping voltage and the differential resistance of the power IC Input ALS 123 Technology Resistance Capacitance Clamping Power Voltage 5 M evil 40 Ohm GHD Voltage evil 40 Ohm P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 97 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor You can save your new model by selecting Save on the Edit pull down menu Some IC models in the library cannot be edited and some commands are disabled when any of these models are selected The models have been created and inserted into the library by the P CAD Signal Integrity IBIS Converter and they contain data that cannot be modified They are shown in the library to make it complete and to draw your attention to their presence because you cannot create a model with a name already used by an IBIS model When you double click an IBIS model the warning message below is displayed Hote r1 This is an IBIS model canno
42. specifies the maximum distance which is used for searching parallel traces The larger this distance is specified the more parallel traces will be found Therefore the simulation time will increase Min Couple Length specifies the minimum parallel length of a trace which is still considered to provide crosstalk Short parallel segments do not provide much crosstalk but the simulation time will increase drastically St Click on the Get Nets icon in P CAD Signal Integrity and then select net DEMO D1 in the All Nets column After that click on the Find Coupled Nets button Now all nets within the range of the aje specification entered in the Options Configure menu will be selected automatically in the All Net list In this case these are DEMO_D0 DEMO D1 and DEMO D2 E EI Click the Takeover icon P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Run Crosstalk simulation Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity File Edit Simulation Library Options Help e t All Nets DEMO_DO DEMO DO D1 DEMO Di DEMO 02 Simulation 2 In 105 Bil ut set the stimulus for the net DEMO D 1 to constant low level and all other nets will have the default stimulus single pulse rising edge at 10ns falling edge at 60ns By this the maximum crosstalk of all coupled nets onto the victim net is calculated i Now run the Crosstalk simulation by clicking on the Crosstalk button Next choo
43. with the P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 43 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference File Commands extension s1t If a file you want is not in the current directory you can select another directory from the Directories list Once you have made your selection click the Open button File Get Nets This command displays a list of all nets of the current P CAD PCB design in the All Nets column of the entry screen Click on the nets you want to select These will become highlighted To select nets which are not displayed consecutively press the Ctrl button while selecting In order to analyze a PCB P CAD PCB must be active and a PCB file must be open sr The File Get Nets command can be initiated by choosing Get Nets from the File pull down menu or by clicking on its icon P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb File Edi Simulation Library Options Help E NAH SIE 8 Simulation No Net Length Average Imp Ohm Comment _ Designator Type Pin Direction Comment DEMO 011 DEMO 012 DEMO D13 DEMO D14 DEMO D15 DEMO D16 DEMO D17 7 lt gt Wot Edit Butter File Reports The File Reports command allows you to output reports with specific output options These options are saved when you exit the program oy File Reports command can be initiated by choosing Reports from the File pull down menu by clicking on its icon This displays the File R
44. 1 0e 30 and lower than 1 0e30 The initial Minimum Maximum and Step Width values are by default the values required to fit in all the full waves on the Wave Analyzer display These are the values that will be restored when issuing the Edit Rescale command The Options X Axis command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu Linear 007 Tic Density Middle Step Width 5e 009 Title P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 89 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Help Commands Options Y Axis The Options Y Axis command enables you to set the range of the diagram the scaling of the Y axis linear or logarithmic and the tick density on the axis You can also set the title for the Y axis Limits for the range All values minimum maximum and step width must be higher than 1 0e 30 and lower than 1 0e30 The Options Y Axis command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu The maximum must be higher than the minimum All the values are rounded automatically to the next possible value Options Wave The Options Wave command enables you to set the line style the line thickness and color and title for the selected wave Wave X Color Solid wae Thickness Smal Tithe 035 Cancel This command operates only when a wave is selected The Options Wave command is initiated from the Options command pull down m
45. 1 78 81 78 81 DEMO_D12 78 81 78 81 78 81 DEMO D13 78 81 78 81 78 81 DEMO D14 78 8 78 81 78 81 DEMO_D15 78 81 78 81 78 81 ee oe Mae Click on the Impedance View icon again to switch this view off 24 Now click the Voltage View icon and drag the right edge of the Screening window to enlarge and display more columns on the screen To display all the seven columns at once you can make the columns narrower by clicking a column edge on the header line and dragging the column to the desired width This displays for each net e The netname e The Top Voltage Value for the Rising Edge e The Maximum Overshoot for the Rising Edge e The Maximum Undershoot for the Rising Edge e The Base Voltage Value for the Falling Edge e The Maximum Overshoot for the Falling Edge Maximum Undershoot for the Falling Edge P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 23 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Screen the Nets 338 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help mj r E U HO u Value Max vershoot Rising Max Undershoot Rising Base Value Falling Max Undershoot WE DEMO 00 5 00 3 48 2
46. 2 library tree description 94 Resistance and Capacitance window 97 Kesistorsdnodel eode 100 User MSN 37 Window arrange 111 Window cascade 111 Window commands 110 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Window uoi oe estere eet roce evitan 1 Macromodel editors Inductors model ss 1 Net characteristic impedance lene et SCRE SII d on ERRORI Ae ba epe ER SMS Net Data POD OM um desees 1 Nets details displayed Nets Screening dde E beta on maie EditcommandS a eR edit deleteas enden facut tiu edit invert selection 1o iones edit Select AU a p m iB ESCOMMUMIAN OS roiie Helpcorntmands uo tte Help PICS enesis eine VIeW Neb ata V Warcra Report comma separated Repon data Report Report file extension Report filename Report forma assorted Report Impedance data Report
47. 56 0 00 2 95 212 DEMO_D1 5 00 3 39 2 53 0 00 2 82 2 07 DEMO_D10 5 00 2 34 217 0 00 2 20 1 60 011 5 00 2 85 2 04 0 00 2 04 1 46 DEMO_D12 5 00 2 34 2 15 0 00 2 18 1 58 DEMO D13 5 00 2 79 2 02 0 00 135 1 42 DEMO 014 5 00 2 36 2 21 0 00 2 22 1 64 DEMO_D15 5 00 2 74 1 33 0 00 1 89 1 38 DEMO_D16 5 00 2 46 1 80 0 00 1 59 Ln DEMO 01 5 00 2 76 2 01 0 00 1 92 1 39 018 You can select to display only the columns of interest view to ease the identification of problem nets by defined criteria Let s view the Maximum Overshoot Rising Edge and Maximum Undershoot Falling Edge Choose the View command on the screening header menu Select the Select Columns command In the Select Columns dialog click the Voltage tab On the Voltage tab choose to display only the Maximum Overshoot on the Rising Edge and Maximum Undershoot on the Falling Edge by disabling all other options as displayed below Click OK Selected Columns Met Impedance Voltage Timing Falling Edge Base Value Overshoot Edge Top Value Max Overshoot Undershoot Max LIndershaot Cancel This will now display only the two chosen columns on the Voltage View We can also sort the nets by values within displayed columns 24 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Screen the Nets Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial From the View menu select the Arrange Nets By co
48. 79N SN7417 SN7417N SN74180 SN74180N SN74366AN SN74367AJ SN74367AN SN74368AJ SN74368AN 5 74376 5 74376 SN7437 SN7437N 5 7438 SN7438N 5 74390 SN74390N 5 74393 SN74393N 5 7439 SN7439N SN7440 SN7440N P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 129 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 130 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 131 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 132 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity nan SN74AC32N SN74AC86N SN74ACT11030D P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 133 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 134 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 135 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 136 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 137 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits inc
49. 8 t 5 Heflection Simulation Result X 8 997 e 008 Y 0 78108 Edit Zoom Out Use the Edit Zoom Out command to undo the last Zoom In The Edit Zoom Out command can be a initiated from the Edit command pull down menu or by its icon Edit Origin Use the Edit Origin command to undo all the Zoom Ins and restore the original waves display The Edit Origin command maintains the range definitions for the X and Y axis set in the Options menu The Edit Origin command is initiated from the Edit command pull down menu Analyze Commands The Wave Analyzer Analyze commands are used to switch between time domain and frequency domain display and to analyze performance parameters of the signal behavior Analyze Cartes The Analyze Cartes command switches the waves display to a Cartesian coordinate system view The picture below shows a wave display in Cartesian coordinate system view which represents the time domain behavior of the signals The Analyze Cartes command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 83 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Analyze Commands P CAD WaveAnalyzer Iof x File Edit Analyze Options Help n s u e ala ialic S el 7 Measurements Reflection Simulation Result X 2 1891 008 Y 1 9037 Analyze FFT The Analyze FFT command switches a wave display to the freq
50. AD Signal Integrity User s Guide 93 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor gt Macromodel E ditor Id xj Ele Edit Window Help Model Library IC In IC Out ic rii The editor window is divided into two areas Alibrary tree on the left e Adocument area on the right The custom user models are organized in the library tree You can navigate through the files system as you do in the Windows Explorer Description of the library tree The User library is the root of the tree It contains a folder for each type of parts and models Each folder holds the list of user custom models defined in the database IC models are also sub divided into available technology folders as shown in the picture below Each technology folder holds the custom defined IC buffer models 1 9 EE d n IC 94 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands The full list of available technologies is in the table below Bipolar CMOS Technology L BT Backplane Transceiver Logic Futurebus CMOS CMOS FAST C G Gunning Transceiver Logic GTL_LVT Gunning Transceiver Logic Low Voltage FAST CMOS Technology H H LS a E Unknown technologies UK are mapped to HC High Speed CMOS The items in the tree folders represent user s custom models P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 95 Ch
51. E ie teen aep inva edt n nca oes es 15 Select Nels Dy Net 16 Edit Components specifications nennen nnne 17 21 R n Simulation ieee 26 ubi Grosstalk abo 33 Create 36 Create a new Macromodel from IBIS 39 chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Fite 43 9 43 44 44 ite rede uto once 48 MORENO RETRO RI NEUE NR MNT 48 Edit S MEE ES 48 X ay 49 Edit Get PGB Selected tbe eT ee 49 c xtaee 49 men EI ERR E 50 Edit Components occi eect Peta RH Rx nius uk Sata d o RU RU 51 ECCI duo e Meo UC ELM COM DM LM Ace 53 chapter b P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands File tan 57 PWC TRC UR 57 PIG SDF OU cv 61 PIG COSC rm 62 EdiECormimalhlds er M Ida pri
52. I PED He EO RAUM 109 Installation and Setup installing P CAD products 6 system requirements 5 als Layer stack edi WAC OW postea 14 parameter defaults 13 Layer Stack parameters default values 50 parameters 50 45 50 transmission line parameters 50 Ss etter ated 50 Library COMMANOS 93 BASIC PD 93 Ir pott SAU Odio 111 MENU m 93 searching the library 93 P 93 M Macromodel editor ACCESSING 93 BJT transistor models 104 Capacitors MO Click 100 Connector Lumped element model 108 Connector Transmission line model 108 Diode models idco 102 110 110 Edit command 109 110 Edit 109 Edit SAV 110 POMS AVC 110 establishing connections 101 File 109 98 IC clamping 97 IC mOGels oi 96 98 IC technology windowv 96 Inductors edit window 10
53. ICs contain Schottky clamping diodes Methods None ucc C Serial pt C Parallel to C Parallel A to GND C Parallel R s to VCC and GND C Parallel C to GND C and GND Description Shottky clamping diodes at the end of the transmission line connected to GND and or reduce under and overshoot at the receive Most input circuits of standard logic IC contain shottky clamping diodes Cancel The value displayed is the default value for the parameter 74 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Set Victim Net Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands Set Victim Net This command is active only for Crosstalk simulations To set a victim net select a net from the list in the Simulation window on the Signal Integrity entry d screen and click the Set Victim Net icon or select Set Victim Net from the Simulation menu A net which is a victim net will have its driving stimulus set to a constant level 0 while all other nets have the stimulus defined in the Stimulus tab of the Integrated Circuit dialog Set Aggressor Net This command is active only for Crosstalk simulations To set an aggressor net select a net from the list in the Simulation window on the Signal Integrity entry screen and click the Set Aggressor Net icon or select Set Aggressor Net from the Simulation menu A net which is an aggressor net will have its stimulus defined in the Stimulus tab of the Integrated Ci
54. If however you wish to update the library to reflect changes then click on Save to Library button Remember that you are modifying the library when you do this so care should be taken to ensure that the library is not corrupted for future use Choose the Stimulus tab In the Stimulus window you can modify the Stimulus which is applied to the input of the output I O buffer for Simulation to Constant Level Single Pulse or Periodic Pulses Select the Single Pulse or Periodic Pulse option in the Stimulus Type box and notice that you can set the Start Level to High or Low in the Start Level box The wave display will change to reflect your choices 18 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Integrated Circuit Model Stimulus Stimulus Type Single Pulse Save Level Time Simulation Time Total Time fi 00 nsec Time Step 00 psec Start Level Low Start Time nsec Stop Time 60 nsec Cancel You can also specify Start and Stop times of the pulse and the Period time if a periodic pulse is chosen Stimulus details can be saved to a file This is described in the Edit section of the Command Reference chapter Load Stimulus Look in stimuli fed 100 Clock stm 10Mbz Clack stm la 1MHz Clock stm Clock stm single str File name Files of type
55. LTOL Relative Tolerance for calculating current voltage values ABSTOL 1 02 12 Absolute tolerance for calculating current values VNTOL Absolute tolerance for calculating voltage values V DTMIN P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 117 Chapter 8 General Commands 118 Options Simulator Options Integration Accuracy Analysis nom NRVABS ABSTOL ie wr hw Ht o on Defaults Cancel Simulator DC Analysis Click on the DC Analysis tab to enter values for Options Commands Keyword Default RAMP_FACT Control of ramp s length during the DC analysis DELTA_DC Time step width used for DC analysis ZLINE DC 100 Ohm Transmission line impedance of the lines during the DC analysis ITL DC 10000 Maximum number of iterations during the DC analysis DELTAV DC 1 0e 4 V Absolute tolerance of voltages between two time steps during the DC analysis DELTA DC 1 0e 6 A Absolute tolerance of currents between two time steps during the DC analysis DV ITERAT DC Absolute tolerance of voltages per iteration during the DC analysis Enter the values on the relevant window and click OK for these to be applied Options Simulator Options Integration Analysis _ 0 DELTA DC iow DELTA DC DELTALDCG ZUNE DC iom D ITERAT_DC foom Imp 1000
56. MEET 82 Edit Delete Selected 82 Edit Deleteal Ao 82 Edit Clear Measurement Area 82 ZOOM Wists hae gil tad mS 82 EdIEZODI OUI e nee 83 83 Analyze command 83 Analyze Canes ETC 83 Anahe EO MM 84 Analyze RISE 85 Analyze NIIT IT TIT coi cedterenea 85 Analyze MINIMUM ected 85 Analyze MaxIFDUETIE ee 86 Analyze BASENE 86 PANY ZS WO DING Mons 86 87 Options MeasurementArea iere eed e 87 ORUONS Wave aca todo a e s cuu E ELA 87 87 Options Coordinate System dee aaah eee lass ecards 89 ODLHIOns 89 DIOS 90 Options par a D mM 90 Help COMM ANOS 90 WaveAnalyser Help Topics 90 glo LO Use Help m Ie 90 et sands Oh Cae ya Une du Edad e Rae dca Us dx UA 91
57. Parallel R s to VCC and GND C Parallel C to GND C R and C to GND C Parallel Schottky Diodes Values R1 47 Ohm Description 4 series resistor located at the driver output is very effective termination techniques for point to point connections The value of the amplitude of the incident voltage wave is decreased The correctly terminated line 1 2ZL Rout Rout output resistance of the buffer shows no overshoot at the receiver The series termination Cancel This is the serial impedance termination method Termination Advisor A series resistor located at the driver output is a very effective termination technique for point to point connections The value of the amplitude of the incident voltage wave is decreased The correctly terminated line R1 Zi Rout Zi characteristic impedance Rout output resistance of the P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Termination Advisor Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands buffer shows no overshoot at the receiver The series termination is best suited for CMOS technologies The value displayed is the default value for the parameter 3 Parallel R to VCC m Methods None vec Serial R R1 1 C Parallel to GND C Parallel R s to and GND C Parallel C to GND C C to GND C Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values R1 100 Ohm
58. Screening Voltage Report Header Units used Volt Rising Edge Top Value Max Overshoot Max Undershoot sd 04 515 02 21 Timing Data reports the Slope and Flight Time on the Rising and Falling edges for each selected net as listed below fj demo tim Notepad File Edit Format Help IP CAD Screening Timing Report Header Rising Edge Falling Edge Flight Time Slope Flight Time Page Format These options when enabled are output with whatever report type you have chosen to use Use Header and Use Footer include the text you have specified in the header and footer fields Date Page includes the current date and page number Pagination allows you to create your own pagination lines per page when you generate the report to the printer or to a file see Report Destination section below When you generate the report to the screen the report is displayed on the Notepad In this case use the DOS print command available in the Notepad File command to print the report P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide File Commands Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands Style Format This enables you to specify the format of the report contents Comma Separated puts all information in comma separated format which is a spreadsheet loadable format Report is a human readable format with columns and spaces etc Report Destination This enables you to specify where to send the output Screen sends the outp
59. StillatlOD 47 File extens IOUS 45 Meca 47 FIVE Tie il 45 47 filename 47 T 47 47 47 LINC 47 serre 58 Net Screening file extensions 58 Nets SGreeDINE 57 Nets Screening filename 58 Nets Screening options ees 58 183 Index 184 f G 45 Costak Dalal a 46 Layer SACK aedi od at eite 45 46 OUP UT iieri tho etu Suevi dito etai nee 44 o 47 60 PAGO TOR MA 47 l agita tl OM 47 spreadsheet loadable 47 47 47 tO PIINE o 47 asado darme dad de ub dade 47 Reports Format 47 109 Route AUTOTOULETS teens 1 Run Crosstalk simulation tutorial example 33 Run Reflection simulation 26 30 S SAV IN 28 SCree The MONS ona idc ud iade 21 Screening arange 25 WM pedance 22 21 Select COLUMNS 24 Lg teur 25 V ltage
60. TER 1 Introduction to P CAD Signal Integrity Congratulations on your purchase of a high performance simulator to complement your copy of P CAD PCB The applications are paired for fast simulation of reflection effects and are seamlessly integrated for your ease of use Two simulation products are documented in this manual P CAD Signal Integrity Reflection Simulator XTalk Crosstalk Simulator The menu structure and user interface is consistent for all P CAD products Options specific to each particular simulation are offered through context sensitive dialogs giving you exactly those options supported by your simulator but in a familiar environment P CAD Signal Integrity Simulator When you choose the P CAD Signal Integrity Simulator its entry screen appears It lets you select PCB nets to analyze from your P CAD PCB database or from SULTAN files It loads these in the simulator display their details and enables interactive modification of parameters When parameters are missing default parameters are used These are listed in the section discussing the parameters P CAD Signal Integrity also provides access to start and restart the simulation process About this Guide This manual includes information on the use and operation of the following products P CAD Signal Integrity e P CAD The information this manual is presented tutorial and reference format It is designed get you started simulatin
61. allows you to specify the name of Supply Nets and their voltage Mame Category Voltage DEMO NETO4 Category DEMO NETUS DATA Data m DEMO NETUS DATA Value DEMO DATA DEMO DATA DEMO METOS DATA DEMO 11 DATA DEMO WET3 2 DATA GND _ Supply og To Database V Voc Supply 5 00 Wool Supply 5 00 Supply 5 00 Y VCC3 Supply 5 00 V Although the Supply Nets cannot simulated they are necessary for the correct simulation of nets with Pull up or Pull down components The list box contains the names of all nets in the active design You can select individual or multiple nets in the list box Once selected you can specify the category and the voltage of the net With the button To Database you can save the specified net category and value to your P CAD PCB database The information is saved in the database by net attributes A second way to specify the net category and value is to define net attributes directly in P CAD PCB Define the net attribute Category and set the value of the attribute to SUPPLY and the net attribute Voltage and set the value to the voltage of the net If you now load the design into P CAD Signal Integrity the nets get the defined category and value Edit components specifications You can only modify components that are attached to a specific net Therefore you must select nets from the All Nets column see display below and click the
62. ant to save P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 61 Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands Edit Commands Save File Save C3 demo Save type Standard Delay Format sdf Cancel Enter a name for your SDF file in the File name box The SDF file type is automatically assigned File Close This command exits the Net Screening process On exit from the Screening program Signal Integrity saves the last settings used during the screening session Edit Commands The Screening Edit commands are accessed from the Edit menu which appears on the menu bar when you initiate the Screening command They deal with modifying the Screening display Each of these commands is discussed below Edit Delete The Edit Delete command removes the selected nets from the display The Edit Delete command can be initiated by choosing Delete from the Edit pull down menu or by clicking on its icon Edit Select The Select All command selects all the nets displayed The Edit Select All command is initiated by choosing Select All from the Edit pull down menu Edit Invert Selection The Invert Selection command redefines the nets selected by substituting the currently selected nets with the currently not selected nets The Edit Invert Selection command is initiated by choosing Invert Selection from the Edit pull down menu 62 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide View Commands Chapter 5 P
63. apter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor Depending on the type of model you create view or edit the appropriate dialog is launched in the area on the right of the library tree To view or modify the model parameters you can 1 Double click on the model name 2 Choose the model name click the right mouse button and select Open from the pop up menu 3 Click once on a model name and choose the Open command from the Edit pull down menu On the dialog that displays you can view or modify the model parameters 7 Macromodel Editor File Edit Window Help IC Input ALS_123 1515 Clamping Technology Resistance Capacitance Resistance 1 Capacitance 4 pF IC Models To create new model select a model type or choose a technology for the model e g ALS or CMOS in the appropriate IC folder in the model library and then select Add from the Edit menu After supplying a model name an IC custom model dialog displays in the area on the right of the Macromodel Editor window The dialogs vary depending on the model type There are three tabs to describe the parameters of IC models Each tab shows the default values for the parameters You can modify these as required to create your new model 96 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands IC Input IC Tristate IC Input and Tristate dialogs are the same You can modify parameters by entering them on the
64. arallel R and C to GND RC termination at the receiver input has the advantage that no DC current flows in the termination network When the time constant R x C is about four times the propagation delay of the connection the line is almost sufficiently terminated For this rule of thumb the value of the resistor is assumed to be equal to the characteristic impedance of the line R2 Zi P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 73 Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands Termination Advisor Termination Advisor Methods None SerialR Parallel to Parallel to GND R2 C Parallel R s to VCC and GND Parallel C to GND Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values 100 R2 58 Ohm Description RC termination at the receiver input has the advantage that no DC current flows in the termination network When the time constant R2 is about four times the propagation delay of the connection the line is almost sufficiently terminated For this rule of thumb the value of the resistor is assumed to be equal to the characteristic impedance of the line R2 ZL Cancel The values displayed are the default values for the parameters 8 Parallel Schottky Diodes Schottky clamping diodes at the end of the transmission line connected to GND and or VCC reduce under and overshoot at the receiver Most input circuits of standard logic
65. arranges minimized windows in the main application window To minimize a window click the Minimize button in the upper right corner of the window You can open one of these minimized icons by double clicking it Window Next The Window Next command makes the window next to the currently active window on the right area of the Macromodel Editor screen to become the currently active window and displays it on top of all other windows Import IBIS File IBIS stands for Input Output Buffer Information Specifications It is an ANSI EIA standard for behavioral specifications of integrated circuit s input output analog characteristics The IBIS Standard is maintained by the IBIS Open Forum which meets monthly via teleconference to discuss updates to the IBIS Standard In general IBIS defines the static input and output characteristics as well as values for slew rates for Low High and High Low transition Additionally the IBIS v3 2 allows the specification of rising and falling waveforms at the output In IBIS a reference load is used that consists of lumped elements resistance capacitance inductance and voltage source Capacitance values for input and output buffers are also specified in IBIS The complete IBIS specification and other information about IBIS are available on the IBIS home page http www eia org eig ibis ibis htm The Import IBIS File command is accessed from the Library pull down menu on the Signal Integrity entry s
66. cons which are currently highlighted to switch the options off zele Click on the Net Data View icon This displays for each net P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 21 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial 22 The net name The length of the trace The number of components connected to the traces The number of segments in each trace Screen the Nets Now click on the Net Data View icon again to switch this view off 338 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help x Nes Length mm Component Trace DEMO 00 100 0 2 DEMO 01 92 7 2 DEMO_D10 71 4 2 5 DEMO_D11 66 6 2 4 DEMO_D12 70 7 2 6 013 64 6 2 4 DEMO D14 72 5 2 5 015 63 2 2 6 DEMO D15 57 5 2 DEMO 017 63 7 2 7 018 52 9 2 5 DEMO D13 53 5 2 DEMO_D2 98 0 2 7 NEMO non 2 2 gi uj ziele E Next click on the Impedance View icon This displays for each net The net name The average impedance of the whole trace The minimum impedance of the whole trace The maximum impedance of the whole trace P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Screen the Nets Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial 232 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help By x SIZ Nets Average Imp Ohm Imp Ohm Imp 00 79 28 73 28 73 28 DEMO D1 79 09 78 81 79 28 DEMO 010 78 8 78 81 78 81 DEMO_D11 78 8
67. creen When you choose Import IBIS File the P CAD IBIS Converter window is displayed giving access to its menus and icons View Help 5 Pla The icons and menu items are context sensitive therefore only the commands available at any stage are fully displayed P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 111 Chapter 8 General Commands P CAD IBIS Converter File View Help a s 2 Components Direction Model Name Technology Manufacturer Each of these commands is discussed below IBIS File printing reports They deal with opening IBIS file creating case models to test IC designs exporting models and File Open The IBIS File commands are accessed from the menu of the IBIS Converter display The IBIS File Open command lets you open an IBIS file It is accessed from the File pull down menu or by its icon When you select this command the Open IBIS File dialog is displayed Open IBIS File Look in a Signal Integrity t er cd History Desktop Computer Network File name Files of type 1815 ibs 2 Click on the file you want to open The information is then loaded on the IBIS Converter window 112 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide IBIS File IBIS File Chapter 8 General Commands P CAD IBIS Converter D Program Files P CAD 2001 Demo Signal Integrity lyvc240db
68. cs before a new transmission line parameter is calculated P CAD Signal Integrity will search its database for an existing set which matches its current parameters Whenever the Layer Stack is changed the old database file gets deleted and a new one is generated Choose Layer Stack from the Edit pull down menu and the Layer Stack dialog is displayed listing all existing layers in your selected design in their current sequence P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Edit Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Layer Stack Layers Dielectric Type Height 0 32 mm EpsR E Copper Height 0 035 mm Move Up Move Down This window shows layer name the layer type Signal or Plane and the layer number as defined by the user in P CAD PCB Here you can modify the Dielectric and Copper property definitions for a layer To do so select a layer and enter the changes required in the available entry windows When you enter the Copper thickness and the Dielectric value the Dielectric referred to is the one immediately above the Copper layer As a result it is not possible to enter a Dielectric value for the top layer All the layers except the Top and Bottom layers can be moved up or down by selecting a layer and clicking the appropriate button The Top layer is always number 1 and the Bottom layer is always number 2 and at the bottom Enter
69. cted you can specify the electrical type of a component P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 11 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters 12 Components Category Capacitor 4 Category Diode IC Diode Connector To Database Resistor Resistor Resistor 15 IC Caer Select the component C1 in the Component list Note that the Category is already set to Capacitor If it was not you would choose the type Capacitor in the Category drop down list Confirm that all other capacitors have their Category set to Capacitor In the same way confirm that the components D1 and D2 are set to Diode J1 is set to Connector R1 R2 and R3 are set to Resistor and U1 to U9 are set to IC With the button To Database you can save the specified component type back to the PCB currently open in P CAD PCB The information is saved in the PCB as a component attribute A second way to specify the component type is to define a component attribute directly in P CAD PCB Define the Component attribute Category and set the value of the attribute to one of the following qualifiers If you now load the design into P CAD Signal Integrity the components will have their Category already defined as in the demo file The following electrical component types are supported If you do not set the Category P CAD Signal Integrity will use the type IC P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Review a
70. d on the WaveAnalyzer screen The X and Y specified on the bar under the WaveAnalyzer screen indicate the location of the cursor on the display 26 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Run Reflection Simulation Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial The display above shows the wave U9 9 U9 pin 9 on net DEMO_A31 and wave U1 118 U1 pin 118 net DEMO A31 as the worst for overshoot and undershoot Let s look at the range of the overshoot for each of these waves Select the wave U9 9 by clicking on the line beneath its name which is displayed on the right of the wave display The WaveAnalyzer Analyze commands allow you to display the simulation results as waveform measurements Click on the Minimum Maximum Base Line Top Line icons bz s i The calculated measurements are displayed in the Measurements area of the WaveAnalyzer window These measurements can also be performed using the pull down options of the Analyze menu P CAD WaveAnalyzer OF x File Edit Analyze Options Help amp aja tali ALN e lin Measurements 8 Minimum 09 9 55 t 63 13 ns i gt gt Vmin 2 42 V Maximum 19 9 212 78 ns Vmax 7 92 V Base Line 19 9 Vbase 0 01 V Top Line 19 9 5 00 V Reflection Simulation Result X 4 7355e 008 Y 2 0194 Let s zoom in on worst overshoot area on the top left of the dis
71. de Chapter 2 P CAD Signal Integrity Getting Started Take Over Selected Nets Start the Termination Advisor B Start Net Screening Start Reflection Simulation Set Victim Net Set Aggressor Net Start Crosstalk Simulation Accessing P CAD Signal Integrity The simulation commands Reflection and Crosstalk give access to the Wave Analyzer which has its own icons and menu bar P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial This tutorial includes hands on instructions to help you become familiar with how to use P CAD Signal Integrity to analyze and simulate your PCB designs and to investigate remedies to signal integrity problems The following steps indicate what you will accomplish in this tutorial 1 Starting up P CAD Signal Integrity e Import list of PCB nets to analyze 2 Review and complete your PCB design parameters e Edit Designator specifications e Edit Supply Nets specifications e Edit Layer Stack specifications e Select nets to analyze e Edit Components specifications 3 Screen the Nets 4 Run Reflection simulation e Modify parameters e Re run simulation e Produce report 5 Run Crosstalk simulation e Modify parameters e Re run Crosstalk simulation P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 9 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Starting up P CAD Signal Integrity e Produce report 6 Create a Macro Model e Edit Macro Model e Create anew Macro Mod
72. determination Resistance Pull up Voltage Pull up voltage used for parameter determination CONNECTOR TRANSMISSION LINE Mias Default Dei SSS omm By default there is a connector consisting of three lumped elements CONNECTOR LUMPED ELEMENT As Default _ cm sem sor omena DIODE For more information on diode parameters please consult a SPICE reference Junction DC P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix Editor Parameter Descriptions Alas Dem path resistance ohmic series resistance reverse breakdown voltage current at breakdown voltage Junction Capacitance Temperature Effect 1 11 V energy gap for p n junction diode Noise 0 flicker noise coefficient Bipolar Junction Transistor BJT NPN PNP For more information on BJT parameters please consult a SPICE reference Basic DC Model Ais Default _ Por MekmeiumrweneBTA O O OOOO Base Width Modulation Mias P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 177 Appendix Editor Parameter Descriptions Mis Deep _ 178 High Current BETA Degradation Effect Mus Default Dee _ corner forward BETA high current roll off corner for reverse BETA high current roll off Low Current BETA Degradation Effect As Default Parasitic Resistor Mias De
73. e Category and set the value of the attribute to Supply and the net attribute Voltage and set the value to the voltage of the net If you now load the design into P CAD Signal Integrity the nets get the defined category and value Edit Layer Stack For the calculation of the correct electrical behavior of the traces the layer stack of the PCB must be specified The required parameter definitions and their applicable default values are listed below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 13 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters 14 Parameter definition Defaults The correct sequence of the layers The thickness of the different copper and dielectric planes The dielectric constant of the substrate The layer stack and all associated transmission line parameters are automatically saved in a layer stack information file The file is named as the same as the PCB with the extension TDB It is saved into a folder with the same name as the PCB under the Projects folder For example for the demo board itis P CAD 2002 Projects Demo Demo tdb Before a new transmission line parameter is calculated the system checks if appropriate transmission line parameters already exist in the database file Whenever the layer stack is changed the old database file gets deleted and a new one is generated Choose Edit on the Menu bar and select Layer Stack from the pull down menu to access the Laye
74. e Model library non existent accessible or in wrong place ern 11 NN Cause The converter program could not find the Model library This may be reasoned by passing an invalid library path to the converter on startup e the model library is not existent or in wrong place the model library is damaged You cannot generate any models because there is no library to write them to If you started P CAD IBIS Converter from outside P CAD Signal Integrity ensure that the parameter lib lt ibpath gt was passed where libpath is the path to the Signal Integrity library which is 2002 Lib If you started P CAD IBIS Converter from inside P CAD Signal Integrity or if you could not fix this problem for the case described above you must re install P CAD Signal Integrity Solution Contact device manufacurerforupdstediBiSmodel _ P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 171 Appendix B P CAD IBIS Converter System Messages syntax for model names which is name must with an alphabetic character or a name may only contain alphanumeric characters or The model name has not been changed Solution Retry and enter a valid model name Solon Retry and enter a model name using a maximum of 20 Message The following models already exist in the library model name list These models will be overwritten if you continue You may avoid this by aborting the export now re name the affected models
75. el from an IBIS file 7 Specify simulation options and preference settings Each of these steps is discussed in detail in this tutorial It will be worth your time to go through the complete tutorial which is designed to get you going quickly If a message is displayed by the system during the tutorial see Appendix B System Messages for a description of the problem and a possible solution For more detailed information about any of the commands and options used in this tutorial refer to the relevant Commands Reference chapters Please note that the examples do not reflect the current state of the art techniques to avoid and solve signal integrity problems The Termination methods used in the different examples are for tutorial purposes only Starting up P CAD Signal Integrity 10 In this tutorial we will analyze nets from the demo PCB provided with P CAD Signal Integrity Within P CAD PCB open the file 2002 Demo Signal Integrity demo pcb Start the Signal Integrity program by choosing Utils P CAD Signal Integrity from the P CAD PCB menus This will display the Signal Integrity entry window P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity File Edit Simulation Library Options Help i sp All Nets Simulation Net Class 1 Average Imp Ohm No Designator Type Pin Direction Comment lt gt Edit Butter
76. enu Help Commands The Wave Analyzer Help commands provide access to the Help messages for all Wave Analyzer commands WaveAnalyser Help Topics The Help WaveAnalyzer Help Topics command is initiated from the Help menu The Help WaveAnalyzer Help Topics command displays the Wave Analyzer online help including the Contents tab which is structured to match the order of commands as they appear in the product and the index tab which lets you look up a specific concept or keyword How to Use Help The How to Use Help command is initiated from the Help menu 90 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Help Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer The How to Use Help command connects you to the Windows help system where instructions on how to use the help system are provided About WaveAnalyzer The Help About WaveAnalyzer command is initiated from the Help menu It displays a window with details of the product and the version number About WaveAnalyzer p cad 2001 SPECIALIZED DESIGN TOOLS FOR PCB PROFESSIONALS Copyright 1985 2001 Accel Technologies Inc All rights reserved P CAD Version 16 00 16 00 56 Copyright 1983 2001 ACCEL Technologies Inc 1994 1999 INCASES Engineering GmbH Warning This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in
77. eport dialog 44 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide File Commands Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Filename D Program Files P CAD 2001 Header eport Header Footer eport Footer Report Options Page Format Style Format Layer Stack Use Header Separated Net Data Use Footer lt Report Crosstalk Date Page Destination Pagination eo c Fi Lines per Page 62 E Printer Filename You can specify individual reports selecting from the list of report options and choose to output these all at once or one at time Each report type has its own file extension The file name defaults to the currently open design Reports File extensions These cannot be changed The extensions used are as follows e AY for Layer Stack information e NET for Net Data e XIKfor Crosstalk data Each of these reports is displayed under Report Options in the screen report format which displays a Notepad window Reports Options Layer Stack reports the parameters for each layer as listed below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 45 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference 46 fj demo lay Notepad File Edit Format Help Layer Stack SIGNAL LAYER number height DIELECTRIC LAYER material height dielectric constant PLANE LAYER number height
78. fault SSS oom base current where base resistance falls halfway to REM ee minimum high current Junction Capacitor As Default P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix Editor Parameter Descriptions Alas Dem 750 mV substrate junction built in potential MS Jo substrate junction exponent grading factor FC 0 5 coefficient for forward bias depletion periphery capacitance formula Transit Time As x o TFhiasdependence coefficient Temperature Effect Mias pett xm o forwardand reverse BETA temperature coeficient _ Noise Mias 0 flicker noise coefficient P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 179 Accessing Signal Integrity 6 Altium IBIS Converter System messages list 171 Altium PCB e bisce 49 eee eet ets 44 Receiving the DRC error indicator 32 Altium PRO Route 2 4 2 Altium 76 Buffer data changing the stimulus 18 loading the stimulus from a file 19 model 5 18 window for resistors 20 G COTA OM 174 Components Specifications 50 53 Create Macromodel tromran IBIS 39 tutorial exa
79. fer Information Specifications It is an ANSI EIA standard for behavioral specifications of integrated circuit s input output analog characteristics You can create new custom user models based on input from IBIS files The Import IBIS File command enables you to do so The Import IBIS File command is accessed from the Library pull down menu on the Signal Integrity entry screen P CAD IBIS Converter File View Help de Ex Components Buffers Name Direction Technology Manufacturer 2 Generate and display model P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 39 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Create a Macromodel 40 Choose the Import IBIS File command from the pull down menu of the Library command This displays the P CAD IBIS Converter window Choose the File command from the menu bar and select Open on its pull down menu This displays the File Open dialog choose the P CAD 2002 Demo Signal Integrity folder which includes an example IBIS file Open IBIS File Look in a Signal Integrity t e E3 History Desktop My Network Files of type 1815 ibs Cancel 2 Choose the file 1vx240db ibs as shown above The information is loaded the IBIS Converter window P CAD IBIS Converter D Program Files P CAD 2001 Demo Signal IntegrityNlvc240db ibs Components Direction Model Name Techn
80. g and to present some advanced features which will be helpful as you gain more experience of the functionality of the simulators P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to P CAD Signal Integrity Signal Integrity Features Signal Integrity Features As Windows based PCB design tools become more and more sophisticated and are used to design printed circuit boards with high clock speeds and high density the demand for simulation tools addressing signal integrity problems has increased dramatically P CAD Signal Integrity has been created specially for PCB designers using the P CAD tool and is tightly coupled to the PCB to provide a simple interactive simulation environment Using P CAD Signal Integrity design engineers may check their multilayer boards for noise effects like ringing and crosstalk When installed P CAD Signal Integrity is seamlessly integrated with P CAD PCB giving you the familiarity of P CAD PCB s Windows interface standard and easy access to its powerful capabilities P CAD Signal Integrity is based on a Fast Reflection and Crosstalk Simulator which produces very accurate simulations provided that full model information is available with algorithms proven in industry The P CAD Signal Integrity simulator uses the characteristic impedance of the traces calculated through a transmission line calculator and buffer macro model information as input for the simulations Where model inf
81. g Save As on the File pull down menu The File Save dialog is displayed Here you can specify the directory and filename for the wave file you want to save Enter DEMO A31 in the File Name field and click the Save button When saving using the File Save command the default name result dia is given This default can be changed by entering a new name as appropriate The current file name displayed on the title bar is overwritten each time the File Save command is issued 28 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Run Reflection Simulation Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Save File WE Save in Signal Integrity File name DEMO A31 dis Dave as Waves dia Cancel E Close the Waveform Analyzer by clicking the X in the upper right corner The file saved can later be opened using the File Open command Having identified the net DEMO A31 as problematic let s go back to the Signal Integrity screen to select it and try a termination on the component U9 pin 9 to reduce the overshoot we To do so we first select the entry U9 pin 9 in the Signal Integrity window Click on the Termination Advisor icon The Termination examples given here are for the purpose of demonstrating the tool only and may not be appropriate in the electrical sense The Termination Advisor dialog is displayed Choose Parallel C to GND termination method and click OK P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 29
82. gnal Integrity Screening Commands All other Simulation commands are discussed in this chapter Termination Advisor Sometimes termination networks are a good way to prevent reflections which become prevalent at higher frequencies These reflections cause noise which degrade signal integrity and lead to malfunction in the worst case Terminations are used to minimize reflection and achieve the signal integrity necessary for successful data integrity The Termination Advisor allows you to test termination strategies without making physical changes to your board by inserting virtual terminations into the net at the location you define You can select from a variety of termination options to achieve an optimal PCB electrical performance The Termination Advisor command can be accessed from the Simulation menu or by clicking on its icon Select a Termination method out of the eight choices available These are described below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 69 Chapter 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands 70 1 None Termination Advisor Methods None C C Parallel to VCC Parallel to GND Parallel R s to YCC and GND C Parallel C to GND C to GND Parallel Schottky Diodes Send to P CAD PCB Values Description No termination is applied This is the default 2 SerialR Methods None Seis C Parallel to VCC C Parallel A to GND C
83. ht the choices currently available This corresponds to the view displayed Select the sorting parameter and the nets displayed will be sorted by the values of that parameter and displayed in the new sequence Select Columns The Select Columns command enables you to define what columns should be displayed in each of the Screening views The Select Columns command is initiated by choosing Select Columns from the View pull down menu This displays the Se ect Columns dialog which has a tab for each of the Screening views The columns currently displayed are ticked Click on the column s to select or de select The dialog below enables you to specify what columns to display on each data view Selected Columns Het Impedance Voltage Timing Length Component Count Segment Count Cancel Selected Columns impedance Voltage Timing Impedance Char Impedance Min Impedance Impedance Cancel 66 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands Selected Columns Net Impedance Voltage Timing Rising Edge Falling Edge Base Value Top Value lee perdant Overshoot Undershoot Undershoot Cancel Selected Columns Impedance Voltage Timing Rising Edge Falling Edge Slope Slope
84. icking and holding the left mouse button on DEMO DO and dragging the cursor to select all DEMO Dx nets This will highlight the desired nets P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb OF x File Edit Simulation Library Options Help BIE 11 Simulation Designator_ Type Direction Comment lt gt fiut Edit Butter To analyze these nets the simulator must acquire all the required data for simulation The editor does this when you do one of the following e Click the Takeover icon or e Choose Edit menu bar and select Take Over from the pull down menu The simulator acquires the nets data and displays the details in the simulation windows P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 15 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters 16 P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb OP x File Edit Simulation Library Options Help S Bl 08 e 3 Simulation Average Imp Ohm Comment DEMO DO DEMO_D1 DEMO D1 DEMO D10 DEMO 110 011 DEMO D11 DEMO D12 DEMO Dis DEMO D13 DEMO D14 In DEMO D15 Bi Out DEMO DEMO DL DEMO 018 DEMO D19 DEMO De lt gt Edit Buffer The selected nets are listed in the top window on the right hand side For each selected net the following are displayed e The Net name some net names are concatenated
85. icture above shows the results of a Reflection simulation On the right of the wave display wave names are listed under the name of their respective net The Wave Analyzer calculates performance parameters like overshoot rise time etc of the nets analyzed It provides facilities to file edit and print the results as well as options to modify the display and zoom in on areas of interest The actual values of the parameters can be displayed in the measurement area The Wave Analyzer commands are accessed through menus and icons as pictured below Each command is described in this section Edit 2 Options Help n s m e ajal Ve p P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 77 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Wave Analyzer File Commands Wave Analyzer File Commands The Wave Analyzer File commands deal with opening saving and printing wave files File Open The File Open command enables you to load a wave file onto the display The File Open command can be initiated from the File command pull down menu by its icon When you choose the File Open command P CAD Signal Integrity displays the Open File dialog from which you can choose the directory and filename of the file you want to open Open File E Loak in E Signal Integrity E s a A31 dia Files of type waves dia L ancel EZ Select the wave file you want to use from the files listed The selection wi
86. ignal Integrity window click on the Termination Advisor icon again This time select the Parallel R to GND Termination with 100 Ohm resistance and click OK 30 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Run Reflection Simulation fhe gra Methods C None C SerialR C Parallel to po C Parallel R s to and GND C Parallel C to GND C RandCtoGND C Parallel Schottky Diodes Values R2 100 Ohm Description With a parallel resistor connected to GND receiver input is 4 matched to the transmission line impedance R2 ZL This is a perfect termination for the line reflections but there continously flows current in the termination resistor This increases power dissipation and depending on the resistor value leads to decreased high voltage levels Perhaps x P CAD Ww aveAnalyzer File Edit Analyze Options Help Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Now let s run the reflection simulation again Click on the Reflection icon Again on the WaveAnalyzer display select the wave U9 9 and click on the measurement icons Biel ala Io eli 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 Reflection Simulation Result X 9 5214e 008 Y 0 89437 Now let s print out these results P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 0 80 4E 7 1 00 t gt DEMO_A31 U1 118 ua g Measurements Minimum 19 9
87. igned and the next time you look in the file list the wave file will appear in the file list window with the extension added to the name File Print The File Print command prints the current content of the Wave Analyser display 28 The File Print command can be initiated from the File command pull down menu or by its icon When you choose the File Print the Print dialog is displayed Here you can specify the printer and print details P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 79 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Wave Analyzer File Commands o fiom e File Page Setup The File Page Setup command enables you to define the page layout details for the printer It deals with page orientation margin size and paper size The File Page Setup command is initiated from the File command pull down menu and displays the Page Setup dialog You can specify the paper size and source and the orientation and margins of the printed page You can check your layout specification on the page model in the top of the window Page Setup Letter Automatically Select 80 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Edit Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Clicking the Printer button displays the following dialog Page Setup Printer Mame N Properties Status Ready serros DocuPrint C55 PS Where 195 37 60 76 F5 Comment Network
88. imited www altium com Table of Contents chapter 1 Introduction to P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity Simulator 1 M E 1 Signal Integrity Fatre S E co di ee Gi ee ena ene a oun ey anno 2 vetoes pe Mad dear dae dur atu edu aret eis 2 Modeling 2 ince bte Doni 2 User ACC 3 chapter 2 P CAD Signal Integrity Getting Started Systemi eailrermerits ce Nia ae ME M LI M D E 5 Recommended EPA M 5 Minimum NR TE OO TE 5 Installing P CAD n nnn nnn nnn nns 6 P CAD Signal Integrity 6 Accessing P OAD SignmalIntegrily edere eeu vesEpS oe ORO dc qi Deren ec SEDE 6 Ment PEN 7 7 chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Starting up P CAD Signal Integrity 10 Import list of PCB nets to analyze 11 Review and Complete your PCB Design 11 Edit COImpobeniss DU abe aut Ded des 11 T 13 dec c S 13 Select nets To ANAY
89. ing tab is additional On this tab you can specify the output voltage values for low and high states and the rise and fall times IC Output A5123 OP gt lt Technology Resistance Capacitance Pull up Voltage Timing Clamping Voltage Low voltage High 5v Rise Time 3 ns Fall Time 3 6 ns P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 99 Chapter 8 General Commands 100 Resistors Inductors Capacitors Models Macromodel Editor The view edit dialog for Resistor Inductors and Capacitors shows a list of pin connections and their value Resistor 5500 Iofs Connections Fin Cann Value l 5 Connect Pin 1 Apply to Pin 2 using Value 5 Comment When you create a new Resistor Inductor or Capacitor you are prompted to specify how many pins the new part will have For simple resistors you will use two and for arrays several resistors within a part you will use a number larger than two The Resistor Res500 shown below is a simple 2 pin Sio Below is an example of a resistor array with 8 pins 4 This will show as displayed below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands Resistor 52000 OF gt Connections Pin Cann Connect Pin ta Fin using value Comment The picture below shows the default Resistor creation dialog When you create a
90. inging noise problem You can save this termination solution and send it as a DRC error indicator to the P CAD PCB database First close the WaveAnalyzer window Return to the Signal Integrity window Click on the Termination Advisor icon Click on the Send to P CAD PCB button and click OK To display the DRC error indicator in P CAD PCB restore the P CAD PCB window In the P CAD PCB window choose File from the menu line and select Reports Then enable DRC Error Indicators in the Reports to Generate list and click the Generate button P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Run Crosstalk simulation Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial File Reports i D Program Files P CAD 2001 Demo Signal Integrity demo Reports to Generate Aperture Information Report Destination Report Origin Attributes Screen x Domi of Materials bom C File Component Locations cpl II M T DRC Error Indicators dei Glue Dot Locations Library Contents Style Format Pick and Place Locations pnp 5 List Separator Rooms rom C Separated List Statistics sta P CAD Report z Test Point tst Ed Customize Set Defaults Set All Clear All Generate Close This produces a report giving the ideal X Y coordinate location
91. input file correct input file Value out of bounds One of the values is out of the Enter appropriate value range 1 0e 30 1 0e30 Cannot calculate the base The program cannot calculate Change display to include line for a horizontal wave the base line for the current the base horizontal section visible range of the selected of the wave wave Cannot calculate the top The program cannot calculate Change display to include line for a horizontal wave the top line for the current the top horizontal section of visible range of the selected the wave wave Cannot find values for top The program cannot calculate Inappropriate measurement and base line the top and base line tool has been chosen No ascending wave flank in Cannot calculate the rise time Inappropriate measurement the given range because the selected wave has tool has been chosen no ascending wave flank No descending wave flank Cannot calculate the fall time Inappropriate measurement in the given range because the selected wave has tool has been chosen no descending wave flank Cannot open file for output The system is trying to open for Make sure that the specified filename writing a read only file file is not a read only file P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix B P CAD IBIS Converter System Messages P CAD IBIS Converter System Messages Message Model library could not be initialized Pm __ Possible reasons
92. ircuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 124 74LV374D 74LV374DB 74LV374N 74LV377D 74LV377DB 74LV377N 74LV541D 74LV541DB 74LV541N 74LV573D 74LV573DB 74LV573N 74LV574D 74LV574DB 74LV574N 74LV595D 74LV595N 74LV74D 7ALV74N 74LV86D 74LV86ON 74LVCOOD 74LVCOODB 74LVCOOPW 741 020 74LVCO2DB 74ALVC74PW 74LVC821D 74LVC821DB 74LVC821PW 74LVC823D 74LVC823DB 74LVC823PW P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity CDC341DB CDC341DW GAL16V8B 7 PAL16RA4 5 C PAL16R8DCN PAL16R4 5PC PAL1T6R8BDCNL 2 PAL20L8 5 C CDC340DW PAL16L8DCNL PALT6R8DC P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 125 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity PALC22V10B 15PC SN74123 SN74155 126 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 5 7402 SN7402N 5 74160 SN74160N 5 74161 SN74161N SN74162 SN74162N 5 74163 SN74163N SN74164J SN74164N SN74165 SN74165N SN74166 J SN74166N SN74167 SN74167N 5 7416 SN7416N SN74170 SN74170N SN74172 SN74172N SN74173 SN74173N SN74174 SN74174N P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 127 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 128 SN74175 SN74175N 5 74176 SN74176N SN74177 SN74177N SN74178 SN74178N SN74179 SN741
93. ity User s Guide 163 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity _ 164 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 165 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 166 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity TIBPAL20R4 7CFN TIBPAL20R6 15CNT TIBPAL20R8 15CFN P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 167 APPENDIX B List of Signal Integrity System Messages This appendix documents the messages that you might encounter when you use P CAD Signal Integrity The messages are organized in three sections 1 Signal Integrity System Messages 2 Wave Analyzer System Messages 3 IBIS Converter System Messages Signal Integrity System Messages m Cannot create project This could mean that the P CAD Make sure that the P CAD directory Signal Integrity directory is read Signal Integrity directory is only not read only Error reading file A syntax error was encountered Check the file that it is a filename during the load of a SULTAN file correct SULTAN file Cannot load licensing The license is not installed Re run the SETUP EXE information Please re run correctly located on the P CAD Signal SETUP EXE Integrity installation CD
94. l Integrity demo pcb Iof x Fie Edit Simulation Library Options Help All Nets Simulation No Net mm Average Imp Comment DEMO D5 DEMO_NET11 DO DEMO D6 DEMO D7 DEMO D10 DEMO D8 DEMO D11 DEMO 09 DEMO D12 DEMO 68 Ohm DEMO DEMO 100 pF Use the In lt gt Out button to modify the direction specification for the selected component to change it from the input to output or vice versa Return the buffer to an Output To modify the specifications for components click on the Edit Buffer button This displays the Integrated Circuit dialog You can change the Model data and the Stimulus used by the simulator for the highlighted components in our case U1 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 17 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Integrated Circuit Model Stimulus Component Designator 1 Pat DEMO Part Technology ACT Save to Library Technology ACT E Direction Bl Input Model cpu ul Output Model dema cpu m por Cancel The Model tab shows current settings for the component selected Choosing a Technology and Direction will automatically give a list of input and or output models as appropriate For the purpose of this tutorial we will leave the Model settings unchanged Changes to technology and direction are used locally in the design
95. le Edit Simulation Library Options Help S e 8812 68 85 8 net All Nets Simulation Re Ln Tart verge mp ohn Comment 1 DEMO 00 100 0 73 28 2 DEMO 01 92 7 73 09 3 _010 71 4 78 81 4 DEMO_D11 66 6 78 81 5 _012 70 7 78 81 zl 1 42 IC 2 In Bi Out The Edit Take Over command can be initiated from the Edit pull down menu or by its icon The upper window lists the length and average characteristic impedance for each selected net The Net Length is the sum of the length of the traces in the net The Net Characteristic Impedance is the mean value of the impedance It is derived from the sum of the impedance of each trace segment multiplied by the length of the trace and divided by the sum of the length of the trace segments The lower window displays the components connected to the net selected in the upper window and their characteristics Edit Get PCB Selected Nets cl The Get PCB Selected Nets command selects those nets in the All Nets column that are currently selected on the PCB in P CAD PCB To use this command first select the net s in P CAD PCB then chose Edit Get PCB Selected Nets or click the Get PCB Selected Nets icon Edit Find Coupled Nets 1 The Find Coupled Nets command analyses the to identify coupled nets and then selects any coupled nets in the All Nets column P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 49 Chapter 4
96. le as the destination for the report you can specify a file name The file name defaults to the currently open design The file extension is automatically assigned depending on the report option chosen Report File extensions These cannot be changed The extensions used are as follows e NDT for Net Data IMP for Impedance Data e VOL for Voltage Data e TIM for Timing Data Report Options You can specify individual reports selecting from the list of report options and choose to output these all at once or one at a time Each report type has its own file extension The file name defaults to the currently open design The following report examples have been produced choosing the screen as report destination Net Data reports the data for each selected net as listed below 58 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide File Commands Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands fj demo ndt Notepad File Edit Format Help P CAD Screening Net Data Report Header Length Component Seqment 14 65 OF 346 25 fj demo imp Notepad Iof x Fie Edit Format Help P CAD Screening Impedance Report Header Voltage Data reports the voltage readings for the Rising and Falling edges of each selected net as listed below P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 59 Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands File Commands 60 fj demo vol Notepad Ioj x Fie Edit Format Help P CaD
97. ll be shown in the file name box with the file type dia Click the Open button and the waves from the file will be added to the current display File Save Use the File Save command to keep waves details in a file m The File Save command can be initiated from the File command pull down menu or by its icon When you choose the File Save command P CAD Signal Integrity saves the displayed waves and their parameters in the currently open file If none is opened yet the Save File dialog is displayed on which you can enter a file name The extension dia is automatically assigned This file will be over written every time you issue a File Save command If you want to save a wave file with a new file name use the File Save As command 78 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Wave Analyzer File Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer File Save As The File Save As command saves waves details in a new file with a name and location of your choice The File Save As command is initiated from the File command pull down menu When you choose File Save As the Save File dialog is displayed Here you can specify the directory and filename for the wave file you want to save Save File Save n Signal Integrity t aa DEMO A31 dia Save Ippe Waves dia L ancel EZ Enter the file name in the File name box and click the Save button The File type dia is automatically ass
98. luded P CAD Signal Integrity 138 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 139 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 140 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity SNANSGSDW _ SN74ALS679DW SN74ALS857NT SN74ALVC16244DL P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 141 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 142 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 143 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 144 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 145 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity 146 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity SN74F125N SN74F126D SN74F126N SN74F138D SN74F138N SN74F151AD SN74F151AN SN74F153D SN74F153N SN74F157AD SN74F157AN SN74F158AD SN74F158AN SN74F160AD SN74F160AN SN74F161AD SN74F161AN SN74F162AD SN74F162AN SN74F163AD SN74F163AN SN74F166D
99. m using either commands from the pull down menu or icons on the tool bar P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity Ioj x File Edt Simulation Library Options Help s EE AIS 5 All Mets Met Class Length mm Average Imp Ohm Simulation 6 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Accessing P CAD Signal Integrity Chapter 2 P CAD Signal Integrity Getting Started Menu Bar Edit Simulation Library Options Help P CAD Signal Integrity menu bar displayed on the simulator entry screen provide access to commands that let you Bring in PCB nets to analyze Review complete modify PCB design parameters Launch simulations Produce reports Create output files Import IBIS files and create Macromodels Specify simulator options and preference settings Toolbar The toolbar consists of graphical display buttons icons that correspond to commonly used P CAD Signal Integrity commands These icons appear just below the menu bar on the P CAD Signal Integrity entry screen Tool Tips explain each of the toolbar buttons To activate a Tool Tip place the mouse over the button The Tool Tip pops up The icon display is context sensitive so icons not highlighted indicate commands not available at this stage The commands linked with each icon are listed below aie ae Get Netlist from PCB Get PCB Selected Nets F Find Coupled Nets P CAD Signal Integrity User s Gui
100. mand pull down menu Edit Delete all Waves The Edit Delete all Waves command deletes all the displayed waves The Edit Delete all Waves command can be initiated from the Edit command pull down menu Edit Clear Measurement Area The Edit Clear Measurement Area clears the measurements box which is located on the right of the waves display area The Edit Clear Measurement Area command is initiated from the Edit command pull down menu Edit Zoom In The Edit Zoom In command enables you to zoom in on sections of the display Click and hold the mouse button on the top left corner of the area you want to zoom in on then move the cursor to the lower right corner of the area and release the mouse button amp The Edit Zoom In command can be initiated from the Edit command pull down menu or by its icon The picture below shows a zoomed in wave area 82 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Analyze Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer P CAD WaveAnalyzer File Edit Analyze Options Help alal T ee i 30 I a Pile ES Measurements 5 ee eee m ui d ee mim ums e gt ee ee ee ee ee gt e ee ee o Ro een eer 05 o 52 58 6 4 7 0 7 6 82 8 8 4E
101. matches a Signal Integrity library device the latter s electrical parameters and simulation models will be used to perform the analysis When there is no direct match in a second search step for each not already found device the first more or less similar named device of the Signal Integrity library is used as reference Example design name 74ABT244 matches Signal Integrity library device SN74ABT244DB e design name ALVC16240 matches Signal Integrity library device 74ALVC16240DGG If the second step search fails to find a nearly similar named device the device type and associated technology fallbacks are used to guarantee the proper functioning of the simulators In all cases of searching data the pin count and the device type are taken into account All search operations start on the user area Digital Integrated Circuits included in P CAD Signal Integrity There are 4474 Digital Integrated Circuit components in the library These are listed here in alphabetical order 122 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity DAWCHGNDGG 5 74ALVC16601DGG 74HL33623DB 74LV164D 74HL33640D 74LV164N 74ALVC16646DL 74ALVC16652DGG 74LV259D 74LV259N 74LV273D 74LV273DB 74LV273N 74LV32D ALV32N 74LV365D 74LV365N 74LV368D 74LV368N 74LV373D 74LV373DB 74LV373N P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 123 Appendix A Digital Integrated C
102. mmand The Arrange Nets By menu is displayed highlighting only the columns currently displayed Select Maximum Overshoot Rising Edge This displays the nets sorted in order of Maximum Overshoot P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help ZJe Max Overshoot Rising Edge Max Undershoot Falling E dae DEMO_D5_DEM 1 74 1 36 DEMO_D22 2 21 0 88 DEMO_D24 2 25 0 96 DEMO D31 2 29 1 03 DEMO_D18 2 29 1 03 DEMO_D26 2 29 1 04 Now click on the Voltage View icon again to switch this view off Lastly click on the Timing View icon This displays for each net net name e The Slope for the Rising Edge e The Flight Time for the Rising Edge Slope for the Falling Edge e The Flight Time for the Falling Edge 232 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help B gt Flight Time Rising Edge Slope Falling Edge Flight Time Falling Edgel DEMO_D5_DEM 015 1 31 339 1 88 022 013 0 82 1 40 1 25 DEMO 024 014 083 1 62 1 26 DEMO_D31 014 0 85 1 67 1 27 DEMO_D18 0 14 0 85 1 67 1 27 DEMO_D26 0 14 0 95 1 67 1 27 non 167 127 e mM cM MEME P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 25 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Run Reflection Simulation You can identify the nets displaying the longest flight time Now close the screening window using the X in the
103. mples ritiro tine 36 LAM 75 76 76 simulation results 76 starting a simulation 76 Crosstalk Data 46 D Designator Pd eU EUM EM 51 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Index UY DOS m C 12 52 Edit component specifications 17 53 basque ive 51 Designator specifications 11 Pay Cl 50 Layer stack specifications 13 jus E 48 NOTS sacer indic tnnt esee talents 53 Supply nets specifications 13 TAKE OVET Iu 49 Edit Buffer Data WORE 54 urine 75 stimulus load from file 55 stimulis 55 stimulus save to a 56 WING OW a tecto erates stu as oe aks 54 COImITIaldUs coser rd 48 Editor parameter description Base width modulation 177 Bipolar junction transistor 177 Connector Transmission Line 176 DIOCG 176 IC input triatate clamping 175 IC 175 IC output clamping 175 IC output Voltage Timing
104. nd Complete your PCB Design Parameters Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Edit Nets Although Supply Nets can not be simulated they are necessary for the correct simulation of nets with Pull up or Pull down components To access the Edit Nets dialog click on Edit on the Menu bar and choose Nets from the pull down menu Edit Nets Mame Category Voltage Category DEMO NETOS DATA Data DEMO Value DEMO NETO DEMO NETOS DEMO NETUS DEMO 11 DEMO DATA OND Supply oo To Database 0 V Supply 5 00 v Fool supply 5 00 AE supply 5 00 v YECA Supply 5 00 ge Cancel The Edit Nets dialog contains the names of all nets the active design You can select individual multiple nets in the list box Once selected you can specify the category and the voltage of the net Select the net VCC in the net list box choose the category Supply in the Category drop down list enter 5V as the Value and click the Apply button for the changes to take place In the same way set the category Supply and the value 5V for the nets VCC VCC1 VCC2 and VCC3 With the button To Database you can save the specified net category and value to your P CAD PCB The information is saved in the PCB as net attributes A second way to specify the net category and value is to define net attributes directly in P CAD PCB Define the net attribut
105. ne esas e Ed ATA I 62 t uoti Ae D Ub ad E oed t en ee 62 Edit oelect All Mc 62 Edit Invert SelectlOfi 62 View Aor Wa Eas 63 63 HNPCC ANCE TIT 63 64 65 Arrange 66 Select ouis 66 67 AID TOPIC S dak cent 67 HOD ae 67 chapter6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands Terminator Advis OT TETTE 69 614 AEE EES TEE E A 75 oebLAgUIesSOD E 75 miissen NT T E ce A 75 Gross a a a e O a N 76 chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Wave Analyzer File Commands ccccseeceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeesaeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeesaeeeessaeeeeeas 78 r8 PME NET NS 78 File Save a de Gece eens aden aa cede ose SU 78 FT SS m 79 ic aa ee T TTE 19 ii P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide chapter 8 80 AI 81 S ME tare 81 moerore 81 nec P RN 82
106. new resistor array of 8 pins the dialog displays no connections Resistor RES2000 Fg aT Es Connections Pin Conn none none none none none Connect Pin II to Pin none using Value 2200hm Comment To assign values to connections select a pin from the list this highlights the chosen pin line and choose a pin to connect to from the box below the list Then edit the value of the connection and click the Apply button for the assignment to take place To delete a connection select the pin you want to disconnect the pin line will be highlighted then choose None for the connected pin and click the Apply button for the change to take place You cannot reduce the number of connections to less than one When establishing new connections you can connect to pins which already have other pins connected only when the pins already connected to your target pin do not have any other connections established P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 101 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor 102 For example you cannot generate the following connections 110 Ohm 220 Ohm Because you would have to do the following connections e Connect pin 1 to 4 110 Ohm e Connect pin 2 to pin 4 220 Ohm gt OK e Connect pin 3 to pin 2 330 Ohm 3 INVALID You cannot connect pin 3 to pin 2 because pin 2 is connected to pin 4 and pin 4 has already got connections connected to pin 1
107. ng dialog is displayed 104 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 105 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor BJT BJT demo Oom BJT BJT demo OF 750 my os nt a Teor OF 750 106 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands BJT BJT P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 107 Chapter 8 General Commands Macromodel Editor Connector Transmission line When you add a connector TL model the Connector dialog is filled with default values Connector TL CONNECTOR_TL l ta cl I I Capacitance C1 1 Capacitance C2 1 pF 5 Impedance zL 57 Ohm Delaytime td 125 ns Linelenqth 18 mim Comment x You can modify the parameter fields as required and when you click the File Close button the following dialog is displayed The model Connector TL has been modified vau want the changes Cancel Click the Yes button to save the changes you have made Connector Lumped Element This kind of Connector model allows you to modify the number of cascades Capacitor Inductor Capacitor 108 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide File Commands Chapter 8 General Commands Connector LE CONNECTOR_LE Mel 600 Sac d 600 F
108. nt Font style Size mm Regular 2 Arial Black Cancel F Comic Sans Tr Courier New F Impact F Lucida Console F Lucida Sans Unicode Effects Strikeout Underline Color mm Black Script Westem Clicking any of the buttons in the Colors column of the Options Display dialog displays the Color dialog This enables you to specify the background foreground and highlight colors They take effect when you click the OK button Color Basic colors Ii IEEE Define Custom Colors gt gt P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Options Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Options Coordinate System The Options Coordinate System command enables you to select the type and line style of the grid and the title of the diagram displayed in the simulation result display area Coordinate System Grid wide Line Style Dat Title Reflection Simulation Result Cancel The Options Coordinate System command is initiated from the Options command pull down menu Options X Axis The Options X Axis command enables you to set the range of the diagram the scaling of the X axis linear or logarithmic and the tick density on the axis The tick density defines also the density of the grid You can also set the title for the X axis Limits for the range values minimum maximum and step width must be higher than
109. of the termination network on the board together with the values of the component fj demo dei Notepad File Edit Format Help DRC Error Indicators demo pcb 1 2874 0 1574 8 Refbes U9 Pin 9 Termination Network parallel resistor to GND R 1000hm DRC marker is placed in P CAD PCB adjacent the pin where the termination network should be applied If you click on the DRC marker and view its properties right mouse click and choose Properties you get the value and configuration of the termination network Run Crosstalk simulation The Termination examples given here are for the purpose of demonstrating the tool only and may not be appropriate in the electrical sense P CAD Xtalk the Crosstalk simulator simulates the coupling between traces with adjacent parallel segments P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 33 34 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Run Crosstalk simulation P CAD Signal Integrity is automatically searching for parallel traces which may cause crosstalk problems To enter the geometrical parameters for this search select the Configure command from the Options menu Enter the following values e Max Couple Distance 1mm e Min Couple Length 1mm Options Configure Crosstalk Units Max Couple Distance rm C mil mm Min Cauple Length 1 mm Net Ignore Stubs to mm Highlight Nets in PCB Cancel Max Couple Distance
110. ology Input L C240 IN Input Tristate LVCZ40 OUT Output LVCZ40 OUT Manufacturer Semicond Lvc240 IN HC Ready We can now choose which model to generate The Strong Case Model allows you to test your design performance envelope The strong case model represents the fast extreme of IC performance P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Create Macromodel Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial The Typical Case Model lets you get an idea of the typical performance of the design Let s choose these two models To do so select these two models from the File pull down menu Let s produce a report of these models Select the Report command from the File pull down menu This displays the Generate Model Report dialog which by default allocates for the report the name of the currently opened file You can modify this or accept this name ki E3 Generate Model Report Save in a Signal Integrity E3 f History My Computer My Network File name yvo240db rt Save as type fieis Model Report Cancel 2 Let s accept the name This will generate a Word report the specified directory IBIS Model Info Wed Jan 31 19 02 45 2001 TG ining dcr duck iin ni amm Component 40 Direction Input Model LYC240_ IN Characteristics Best Case Typ Case Worst Ca
111. on Short stubs will increase the simulation time drastically Units You can alter your display units between mils and milllimeter with this option Dimensions are not altered only the unit of measurements of dimension A mil equals 0 001 inch or 0 0254 mm equals 0 001 meter Highlight Nets in P CAD PCB If you choose the Highlight Nets in P CAD PCB option any nets selected in the Nets column of the Signal Integrity screen are automatically highlighted in P CAD PCB The settings are saved when you exit the Signal Integrity program Simulator This command enables you to specify the Simulator options All the Simulator option settings are saved when you exit the Signal Integrity program To choose this command select Simulator from the Options pull down menu This displays a three tab dialog 116 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Options Commands Chapter 8 General Commands Simulator Integration Click on the Integration tab to choose one of the four different numerical integration algorithms for the simulator Options Simulator Options Integration Accuracy DC Analysis Trapezoidal C Gear s Method 1st Order C Gear s Method 2nd Order C Gear s Method 3rd Order Defaults Cancel Trapezoidal Integration is the default integration algorithm Choose the algorithm you require and click OK Simulator Accuracy Click on the Accuracy tab to enter values for Keyword Default RE
112. ormation is not available the system utilizes fallback models Features e Provides fast simulation of reflection and crosstalk effects e Fast screening pre analysis for signal integrity effects over and undershoot delay etc for entire boards with spreadsheet like result display e Seamlessly integrated with P CAD PCB allowing access to simulation options e No special expertise is required to use it due to the simple user interface and tight integration e Asthe system utilizes buffer macro models no knowledge of SPICE or analogue simulation is required e Oscilloscope type display of simulation results with integrated result measurement facilities Well proven algorithms for the calculation of the transmission line characteristics and subsequent simulations e Whatif analysis concerning different termination strategies with parametric values of resistors capacitors and through easy substitution of macro models What if analysis concerning different routing strategies through tight integration with P CAD PCB Software Buffer Modeling e Macro model approach for fast and accurate simulation e Supplied with a basic IC model library including verified models e Automatic model attachment according to Part Number 2 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Signal Integrity Features Chapter 1 Introduction to P CAD Signal Integrity e Supporting the IBIS 3 industry standard sub set for I O buffer modeling
113. play To do so click the Zoom In icon then click and hold the mouse button on the top left corner then drag the cursor toward the bottom right to define the zoom region The picture below displays the zoomed area with its measurements P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 27 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Run Reflection Simulation P CAD WaveAnalyzer x Fie Edit Analyze Options Help 4 aa tali i Measurements gt 8 Minimum 9 9 i i 3 50 ns gt 65 IL LI Vmin 0 00 Vv Maximum 19 9 212 78 ns Vmax 7 92 V Base Line U9 9 Vbase 0 00 V Top Line 9 9 Vtop 5 05 V Reflection Simulation Res X 3 6373e 008 8 Clear the measurement area by selecting Clear Measurement Area on the Edit pull down menu Now reselect Minimum Maximum Baseline and Topline The measurements are display dependent The measurements displayed are for the selected wave within the currently visible area If you compare the measurements of the zoomed graph with the measurements of the original chart you can see that the measurement values are different They now show the measurements for the currently displayed waveforms To return the display to the original full waves display select the Origin command from the Edit pull down menu Let s save the current wave as DEMO A31 for subsequent reference Do this by selectin
114. r Stack Specifications window The signal and plane layers are displayed in the Layer Stack dialog Edit Layer 5tack Layers Dielectric Type Prepreg ud VCC2PLANE 15 VCCiPLANE P 14 Height 0 32 mm GNDPL ANE P 13 VCCPLANE P 12 Epst 48 a Height 0 035 mr Move Up Move Down Cancel This window shows the layer name the layer type Signal or Plane and the layer number as defined by the user in P CAD PCB Here you can modify the Dielectric and Copper property definitions for a layer To do so select a layer and enter the changes required in the available entry windows When you enter the Copper thickness and the Dielectric value the Dielectric referred to is the one immediately above the Copper layer As a result it is not possible to enter a Dielectric value for the top layer P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Review and Complete your PCB Design Parameters Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial All the layers except the Top and Bottom layers can be moved up or down by selecting a layer and clicking the appropriate button The Top layer is always number 1 and the Bottom layer which is always number 2 and at the bottom For the purpose of this tutorial we will leave the layer stack unchanged Click OK or Cancel to close the window Select nets to Analyze In the Signal Integrity main entry dialog choose the nets DEMO_D0 to DEMO_D31 by cl
115. r 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands Crosstalk Crosstalk 76 The P CAD Xtalk simulator enables you to analyze crosstalk by simulating coupled nets extracted from PC board circuit layouts Crosstalk is a type of interference caused by the electromagnetic waves transmitted from one trace into adjacent traces P CAD Xtalk simulator can be accessed either from the Simulation menu by selecting Crosstalk from the pull down menu or by clicking the mouse button on its icon This initiates the Crosstalk simulation for the selected nets The output of the Crosstalk simulation is displayed by the Wave Analyzer on completion of the simulation The time taken to simulate is related to the complexity of the problem being solved The simulation preparation involves the creation of a n matrix of capacitance and inductance per unit length where n is the number of traces being analyzed P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide CHAPTER f P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer displays the results of the P CAD Signal Integrity Reflection or P CAD Signal Integrity Xtalk simulations in an oscilloscope like format P CAD WaveAnalyzer Edit Analyze Options Help ala alii Measurements 1688 pum 0 0 10 0 20 0 20 0 40 0 50 0 60 1 7 1 00 Reflection Simulation Result X4375e008 Y 0 5816 The p
116. rcuit dialog while all other nets are assigned a constant level 0 stimulus Reflection With high speed logic design it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that the topology of the PCB interconnect is designed to minimize reflection and crosstalk effects Reflection effects are caused by impedance mismatching between components and traces as well as individual trace segments When traces go from layer to layer impedance discontinuities can occur Changes in topology such as T junctions can also cause reflection The Reflection simulator calculates voltages at nodes of a net using routing and layer information of the PCB and associated driver and receiver circuits The electrical characterization of the lines is automatically calculated by a 2D field solver Modeling initially assumes that path losses are small enough to be disregarded The simulator provides you with detailed and highly accurate information on all signal integrity related aspects like over undershoot voltage and timing fhe The Reflection simulator can be accessed either from the Simulation menu by choosing Reflection 4 from the pull down menu or by clicking the mouse button on its icon This initiates the Reflection simulation for the selected nets The results of the Reflection simulation are returned presented in an oscilloscope like wave analyzer The WaveAnalyzer commands are described in Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 75 Chapte
117. rshoot When screening bi directional nets both directions are simulated and the worst result of each effect is displayed The Screening commands can be accessed from the Simulation pull down menu or by clicking the Screening icon Click on the Screening icon to get the Screening window to display details for the currently selected nets 338 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help a 21 LN NEIN DEMO 00 DEMO D1 92 7 2 6 79 28 5 00 DEMO 010 71 4 2 5 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO D11 66 6 2 4 78 81 78 81 79 91 5 00 DEMO_D12 70 7 2 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 013 64 6 2 4 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO_D14 72 5 2 5 78 81 78 81 79 91 5 00 DEMO 015 63 2 2 6 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO_D16 57 5 2 5 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO_D1 63 7 2 78 81 78 81 79 91 5 00 DEMO_D18 52 9 2 5 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO D13 595 2 78 81 78 81 78 81 5 00 DEMO_D2 98 0 2 7 79 25 78 81 79 28 500 i X The data displayed when you enter the Screening window shows the information requested on the last access We will review each of the screening views and identify nets to analyze in greater detail The message in the comment window indicates that nets with Diodes or Transistors cannot be analyzed by the Screening fast simulation method These can however be simulated using the Reflection and Crosstalk simulation options First click on all of the four results display i
118. se C comp typical typical typical Clamp typical typical typical Power Clamp typical typical typical TG iin dock dE dcc The picture above shows part of the report generated Now let s add these models to the Library This is done with the IBIS File Export command It can be accessed from the File pull down menu or by its icon When you choose this command the models are added to the Library If the models already exist in the library a confirmation window is displayed which gives you the option to over write the currently stored models or cancel your export operation P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 41 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Component 240 Model Export e The following models are already existing in the library LVE240 IN tp LVC240 IN st LvL240 tp LvC240 OUT_st LVE240 tp L C240_QOUT_st This models will be everwrtten if you continue Tou may avoid this aborting the export now rename the affected models and then export again vou really want to overite the existing models Otherwise an export confirmation message is displayed 42 Create a Macromodel P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide CHAPTER 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference This Reference chapter provides information on each command dialog and option available during the simulation process in the order in which they appear in the menus
119. se net DEMO D1 in the simulation window and click the Set Victim Net button This will P CAD WaveAnalyzer ojx Fie Edit Analyze Options Help DEMO 00 Measurements 2 2 Maximum 2 3 t 16 81 ns Vax 1 07 V U1 105 DEMO_D1 11 91 DEMO 02 11 101 2 4 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 AE 7 1 00 tf Crosstalk Simulation Result X 9 725e 008 5 2482 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 35 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Create a Macromodel The WaveAnalyzer shows maximum crosstalk of 1 07V measured on net DEMO_D1 at pin 3 at component U2 This crosstalk results from the ringing on net DEMO D0 and DEMO D2 during the signal transition from low to high and high to low Close the WaveAnalyzer to return to P CAD Signal Integrity Select net DEMO D1 in the Simulation window on the right Now press the Set Aggressor Net icon By doing this net DEMO 1 will get the default stimulus single pulse rising edge at 10ns falling edge at 60ns while all other nets will be set to constant low This will calculate the crosstalk from the aggressor net to all its neighbor nets After clicking on the Crosstalk Simulation button the WaveAnalyzer displays the results P CAD WaveAnalyzer i DE XI File Edit Analyze Options Help isles ala loli Measurements es Oy DE 0 0 4 4 4
120. section above Once you are displaying a component model more Edit commands become available These commands are described below Edit Save The Edit Save command lets you save the component model displayed with its current name Edit Save As The Edit Save As command lets you save the model component displayed as anew component with a different name which you are prompted to enter on the nput Text dialog Input Text Model Mame Edit Close The Edit Close command closes the currently displayed component model Edit Delete The Edit Delete command deletes the currently displayed or currently pointed at component model Window Commands The Macromodel Editor Window commands are accessed from the Macromodel Editor menu They allow you to manage multiple windows displayed in the right area of the Macromodel Editor The title of all the open windows are listed on the Window menu box under the menu options The window you are working on is the active window and it is shown with a tick on the window titles list You can move from one window to another by selecting it Each of these commands is discussed below 110 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Import IBIS File Chapter 8 General Commands Window Cascade The Window Cascade command displays all the open windows within the right area of the Macromodel Editor screen so that each window s title is visible Window Arrange Icons The Window Arrange Icons command
121. severe civil and criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under law P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 91 CHAPTER 8 General Commands Library Commands P CAD Signal Integrity simulation results depend on parts and macromodel specifications These specifications are looked up in a database the model library This library is split into two sections Basic library e User library The Basic library is an integral part of P CAD Signal Integrity and cannot be modified The User library is initially empty and the user can use the Macromodel editor to insert custom models and parts into the model library When the simulator looks up a model or a part searching is done by name it first searches the User library If the desired model or part is not found in the User library the simulator tries to find in the Basic library If the model or part is not found in the Basic library either the simulator uses a fallback model Fallback model Technology HC The Library commands are accessed from the Library menu which appears on the menu bar on the P CAD Signal Integrity screen They deal with editing Macromodels and importing IBIS files Each of these commands is discussed below Macromodel Editor Choosing Macromodel Editor from the Library pull down menu displays the Macromodel Editor window which is similar in appearance and functionality to the Microsoft Windows Windows Explorer display P C
122. sult in severe civil and criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under law P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 119 APPENDIX A List of Signal Integrity Digital Integrated Circuits This appendix lists all the Digital Integrated Circuits included in P CAD Signal Integrity and explains the process of searching the Signal Integrity Device Library Signal Integrity Device Library The P CAD Signal Integrity Device Library consists of two major parts 1 Base area It contains electrical oriented device descriptions and simulation models This data cannot be modified by the user 2 User area Initially this area is empty It is used to store any user driven extension or modification of Signal Integrity Library contents Signal Integrity Device Handling Search When P CAD Signal Integrity is searching PCB data initially the library module is called to get the necessary electrical parameters and simulation models The following classes of devices are considered e Digital Integrated Circuits e Connectors e Capacitors e Coils e Resistors P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 121 Appendix A Digital Integrated Circuits included P CAD Signal Integrity Devices which could not be assigned to one of the named classes are handled as Digital Integrated Circuits The primary Signal Integrity library access key is the device name used inside the design data If a design device exactly
123. t Fall Time 3 5 tt 0 96 ns This displays the Fall Time for wave U3 5 Analyze Minimum The Analyze Minimum command determines the minimum of the selected wave within the currently visible area Zoomed or unzoomed and displays it in the measurement area If there are several minima with the same Y value the one with the lowest X value is displayed lu The Analyze Minimum command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon Measurements Minimum 13 5 t 62 60 ns Vin 1 47 4 This displays the minimum for wave U3 5 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 85 Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Analyze Commands Analyze Maximum The Analyze Maximum command determines the maximum of the selected wave within the currently visible area zoomed or unzoomed and displays it in the measurement area f The Analyze Maximum command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon If there are several maxima with the same Y value the one with the lowest X value is displayed Measurements MM asimum 5 t 12 23 Vmax 7 04 4 This displays the maximum for wave U3 5 Analyze Baseline The Analyze Baseline command determines the values of the base line for the selected wave and displays these in the measurement area These values are the basis for the calculation of the rise and fall times of the slopes of a signal In order to calcula
124. t edit IBIS models You can remove a model by selecting it and doing one of the following e Choosing Delete for the Edit pull down menu e Clicking the right button of your mouse and choosing Delete from the pop up menu IC Output Models IC output dialogs have some additional parameters The Technology and Clamping tabs are the same as for IC Input IC Output 5123 Iofs Voltage Timing Clamping Technology Resistance Capacitance Pull up Technology 48 Supply Voltage 5v Comment 98 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Macromodel Editor Chapter 8 General Commands IC Output 45123 OF x Technology Resistance Capacitance Pull up Voltage Timing Clamping Power Voltage d eil 50 Ohm GND Voltage evil 50 Ohm The Resistance and Capacitance tab is different and the Voltage and Timing tab is additional On this tab you can specify the output resistance values for low and high states and the capacitance value Additionally you can choose between push pull and open sink output stages For Open Sink output you must specify the typical Pull up Resistance and Pull up Voltage values IC Output 45123 OP gt lt Voltage Timing Clamping Technology Resistance Capacitance Pull up Resistance Low 74 6 ohm Resistance High 57 1 Ohm Capacitance 10 BF Open Sink Pull up Resistance 220 Ohm Full up E The Voltage and Tim
125. tails using the Reflection simulator When screening bi directional nets both directions are simulated and the worst result of each effect is displayed z P CAD Signal Integrity Screening commands can be accessed by choosing Screening from the Simulation pull down menu or by clicking on its icon When you start the Screening command the Screening window is displayed giving you access to process specific icons menus and commands E x File Commands The File commands are accessed from the Screening File menu which appears on the menu bar when you initiate the Screening command The File commands allow you to print and save files in different formats Each of these commands is discussed below File Report The File Reports command allows you to output reports with specific output options These options are saved when you exit the program P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 57 Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands File Commands Filename C Program Files P C40 2001 5Dema sSianal Integrity Header Report Header Footer Report Footer Page Format Style Format Use Header Report Options Net Data C Comma Separated f Report Use Footer Date Page Impedance voltage Timing Lines per Page 52 Report Destination Screen File Printer Pagination Generate Close Filename When choosing a fi
126. te the values for the base line a grid is superimposed on the coordinate system and the frequency with which the coordinates occur within the discrete grid cells events is evaluated with the aid of a histogram The lower maximum values of the histogram are the values for the base line Due to this type of analysis the section in which the slope to be analyzed is displayed is significant This means the results depend on the zooming The Analyze Baseline command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by Its icon Measurements Base Line L13 5 0 00 4 This displays the base line for wave U3 5 Analyze Topline 86 The Analyze Topline command determines the values of the top line for the selected wave and displays these in the measurement area These values are the basis for the calculation of the rise and fall times of the slopes of a signal In order to calculate the values for the top line a grid is superimposed on the coordinate system and the frequency with which the coordinates occur within the discrete grid cells events is P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Options Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer evaluated with the aid of a histogram The higher maximum values of the histogram are the values for the top line Due to this type of analysis the section in which the slope to be analyzed is displayed is significant This means the results depend on the zooming qe
127. tion 26 SULTAN File Oe Meor AE 43 43 eae 48 Pigs 43 Supply Nets 53 adimi 53 system POG 5 ona 169 afa Take Over S 49 Termination Advisor COMAN S ea 69 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide introduction to Parallel to GND Parallel R s to VCC and GND termination methods tutorial examples Units and default values Units representation user manual Wave Analyze Baseline Analyze Analyze commands Analyze Fall time Ahlalyze ess Analyze Alialyze MENU Analyze Minimum Analyze Rise time Analyze TODIIDI uten Cartesian coordiantes display clear measurement area coordinate system copying wave to the clipboard Edit edit delete
128. top right corner Run Reflection Simulation Back on the Signal Integrity main screen select the net DEMO A31 in the All Nets column Click the Takeover icon to acquire data for this net P CAD 2001 Signal Integrity demo pcb File Edit Simulation Library Options Help 508 Simulation Net Class Length mm Average Imp Ohm 1 DEMO_A31 107 7 78 81 Designator Type Pin Direction Comment 1 ul IC 118 Bi Out 2 ug IC 3 In In lt gt Qut Edit Buffer The Reflection simulator calculates voltages at nodes of a net using routing and layer information of the PCB and associated driver and receiver I O buffer models A 2D field solver automatically calculates the electrical characterization of the lines Modeling assumes that DC path losses are small enough to be ignored The simulator provides you with detailed and highly accurate information on all signal integrity related aspects such as overshoot undershoot and timing The results are presented in an oscilloscope like wave analyzer To start a Reflection simulation you can either click the Reflection Simulation icon choose Simulation in the menu bar and select Reflection from the pull down menu The simulator runs a reflection simulation on the nets displayed in the simulation window The results of the Reflection simulation are returne
129. typical typical typical Power Clamp typical typical typical 00000 94 The picture above shows part of the report generated Exit This command closes the IBIS Converter program Options Commands Signal Integrity Options commands deal with specifying net attributes simulation parameters and configuration details The Options commands are accessed from the Options menu in P CAD Signal Integrity Each of these commands is discussed below Configure When you select this command the Options Configure dialog appears P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 115 Chapter 8 General Commands Options Commands Options Configure Crosstalk Units Couple Distance 100 mr C mil mm Min Couple Length 01 mm Net Simplify Ignore Stubs to mm Crosstalk You can set the parameter used for search of parallel traces for the crosstalk simulation Max Couple Distance specifies the maximum distance which is used for searching parallel traces The larger this distance is specified the more parallel traces will be found Therefore the simulation time will increase Min Couple Length specifies the minimum parallel length of a trace which is still considered to provide crosstalk Short parallel segments do not provide much crosstalk but the simulation time will increase drastically Net Simplify You can define the length of stubs short open traces to exclude from the simulati
130. u This displays the Mode name Entry dialog Enter Res500 as shown below and click OK P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 37 Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial Create a Macromodel Entry Dialog Set Model Hame 500 Cancel The RLC Enter Value dialog is displayed where you can enter the number of pins In our case leave the default value as 2 and click OK RLC Enter Value Enter Number of Pins r Cancel The newly created Resistor Res500 is now displayed on the Library tree Model Library IC 1 1 4 IC Du IC Tri fay fay Connector LE 2 69 Resistor The Resistor Res500 dialog is displayed with the information supplied so far and default values for the other parameters 38 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Create Macromodel Resistor 500 Connections Pin Cann 1 Connect Pin 1 Apply to Pin 2 using value 1 Comment Chapter 3 P CAD Signal Integrity Tutorial In this dialog you can change the value in the Using Value box and click the Apply button The entry on the top window will be modified accordingly Some IC models in the Library cannot be edited These models have been created by the P CAD Signal Integrity IBIS converter and contain data that cannot be modified Create a new Macromodel from an IBIS file IBIS stands for Input Output Buf
131. uency domain view which is calculated using Fast Fourier Transformation FFT The picture below shows this display method which can be used to analyze the frequency spectrum of the signals By this frequencies that may be radiated from the trace with high energy can be detected lin The Analyze FFT command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon You must select a wave before you initiate the Analyze FFT command P CAD WaveAnalyzer Iof x File Edit Analyze Options Help 100 150 20 Fast Fourier Transformation 01 36 121 35 MHz 2 8757 84 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide Analyze Commands Chapter 7 P CAD Signal Integrity Wave Analyzer Click the Analyze Cartes icon to revert to the Cartesian coordinate system Analyze Rise Time The Analyze Rise Time command displays the rise time of the selected wave in the measurement area The picture below shows this display F The Analyze Rise Time command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon Measurements Rise Time U3 5 tr 0 69 ns This displays the Rise Time for wave U3 5 Analyze Fall Time The Analyze Fall Time command displays the fall time of the selected wave in the measurement area The picture below shows this display X The Analyze Fall Time command can be initiated from the Analyze command pull down menu or by its icon Measuremen
132. ut to a file and invokes Notepad to display the file To print this file use the Notepad File Print command File sends the output to a file The name of the file defaults to the name of the currently open design You can specify a name of your choice by clicking the Filename button This will display the Reports File Save dialog on which you can enter a file name The file extension will be automatically assigned depending on the report option chosen Printer sends the output directly to the printer without creating files Lines per Page This enables you to specify the number of lines per page in your output File SDF Out LI This command enables you to save the details on interconnect delays between the different pins of a signal into a SDF file The SDF an abbreviation for Standard Delay Format file is an ASCII text file that stores the timing data generated by EDA tools With the SDF intrinsic delays interconnect delays loading delays timing checks and timing constraints are represented using an abstract tool independent delay model which is applicable to a variety of tools The major purpose of the delay file is to facilitate the distribution and control of design delay information between different EDA tools The File SDF Out command can be initiated by choosing SDF Out from the File pull down menu or by clicking on its icon The Save File dialog is displayed and you can specify the directory and filename for the file you w
133. v Flight Time M Flight Time Cancel Help Commands The Screening Help commands are accessed from the Help menu They allow you to access all the Help messages Help Topics Displays the P CAD Signal Integrity online help including the Contents tab which is structured to match the order of commands as they appear in the product and the Index tab which lets you look up a specific concept or keyword About Help Connects you to the Windows help system where instructions on how to use the help system are provided P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 67 CHAPTER 6 P CAD Signal Integrity Simulation Commands The Simulator is designed to analyze the behavior of complex transmission line systems on printed circuit boards You can analyze reflections and crosstalk by simulating nets process takes into account the characteristic impedance and phase velocity of the different segments of a net which is calculated from the cross section of the PCB as well as the input and output characteristics of the buffers connected to this net For Crosstalk analysis the mutual capacitance and inductance between parallel segments of different nets are considered additionally The Simulation commands are accessed from the Simulation menu which appears on the menu bar when you enter P CAD Signal Integrity They deal with reviewing parameters running simulations and producing outputs The Screening command is described in Chapter 5 P CAD Si
134. wing P CAD requirements and recommendations Recommended System e Windows NT 4 2000 Professional e PC with Pentium Processor 128MB RAM 256MB for high component net count 400MB Hard Disk Space e Desktop area 1024x768 pixels 32 bit Color Palette e CD ROM Drive e Mouse or compatible pointing device Minimum System e Windows 95 98 2000Me e PC with Pentium 166MHz 64MB RAM 200MB Hard Disk Space without ISO libraries e Desktop area 800x600 pixels P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 5 Chapter 2 P CAD Signal Integrity Getting Started Installing P CAD Products e 256 Color Palette e Mouse Installing P CAD Products For up to date installation information refer to the file Readme WRI located the product This file can also be found in the application program folder Program Files P CAD 2002 after installation Note that the setup program on the Product CD can also be used to repair or remove an existing P CAD Installation P CAD Signal Integrity Interface You are probably already familiar with the P CAD PCB interface in addition to being proficient in the operation of Windows so every detail of the screen is not provided here Accessing P CAD Signal Integrity P CAD Signal Integrity simulator is accessed by choosing Utils P CAD Signal Integrity from the P CAD PCB menus This brings up the simulator entry window You can now choose PCB nets and analyze the
135. y clicking on its icon These voltages help you identify the critical nets that will require further investigation with the Reflection Simulator Timing View The Timing View displays for each net e The Slope of the Rising edge e The Flight Time of the Rising edge Slope of the Falling edge e The Flight Time of the Falling edge 333 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening File Edit View Help Slope Rising Edge Flight Time Rising Edge Slope Falling Edge Flight Time Falling Edge 4 DEMO 05 DEM 0 15 1 31 3 39 1 88 DEMO_D22 0 13 0 82 1 40 1 25 024 0 14 0 83 1 62 1 26 031 0 14 0 85 1 67 1 27 DEMO_D18 0 14 0 85 1 67 1 27 DEMO_D26 0 14 X 0 85 1 67 1 27 NEMO 129 n14 n 25 167 127 1 3 P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 2 12 2 07 1 60 1 46 1 58 1 42 1 64 1 38 BUFA 1 39 1 03 m Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands 65 Chapter 5 P CAD Signal Integrity Screening Commands View Commands leg The Timing View command can be initiated by choosing Timing View from the View pull down menu or by clicking on its icon Arrange Nets The Arrange Nets command enables you to sort the nets displayed by the value in any of the view columns The Arrange Nets command is initiated by choosing Arrange Nets from the View pull down menu This displays the Arrange Nets selection menu The menu displays in highlig
136. you to specify the format of the report contents Comma Separated puts all information in comma separated format which is a spreadsheet loadable format Report is a readable format with columns and spaces etc Report Destination This enables you to specify where to send the output Screen sends the output to a file and invokes Notepad to display the file To print this file use the Notepad File Print command File sends the output to a file The name of the file defaults to the name of the currently open design You can specify a name of your choice by clicking the Filename button This will display the Reports File Save dialog on which you can enter a file name The file extension will be automatically assigned depending on the type of the report to be generated Reports File Save Save In C3 demo Save type Report Files Cancel Printer sends the output directly to the printer without creating files Lines per Page This enables you to specify the number of lines per page in your output P CAD Signal Integrity User s Guide 47 Chapter 4 P CAD Signal Integrity Command Reference Edit Commands File SULTAN Out This command enables you to save the entire current P CAD PCB design in a SULTAN file Similar to the File Get Nets command P CAD PCB must be active and a PCB database must be open This command enables the user to load the database later on without any interaction with P CAD

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