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Recommendations for Minimal Wi-Fi Capabilities of

1. Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 13 Use Case Quality of Service Access managed by the network C 13 1 Description Charles Antoine a happy iConnect subscriber always expects to get the best connection from his telecom operator whatever his location and the time of connection between WLAN 3G and 4G bearers Charles wants in particular to watch his video in live streaming C 13 2 Background The throughput on WLAN access depends on several factors such as hotspot backbone connectivity ADSL fibber etc radio field strength available bandwidth granted to private access versus public access Hence a dynamic access control mechanism managed by the network should be used to guarantee a better customer experience The network must be able to refuse temporarily a connection so that the terminal will stay on the 3G network or on a current hot spot without displaying any message to the customer A limited retry scheme has to be defined to avoid network overload for instance two retries separated by 60 seconds If the terminal detects another hotspot then it will launch another connection request For example this mechanism could rely on the usage of existing error causes described in the RFC 4186 at 10 18 AT_NOTIFICATION C 13 3 Sequence of Events 1 The mobile device scans and detects a home SP s hotspot in the area The hotspot s connection policy is assessed by the mobile device s con
2. GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals TSG22_R2_USE_13 Terminals SHALL have a means of notifying the user or application of low battery status TSG22_ R2_ USE _14 Terminals SHOULD make use of Wi Fi Alliance WMM Power Save mechanisms to preserve battery life TSG22_R2_USE_15 Terminals SHOULD have a feature for users to toggle to battery saving mode TSG22_R2_USE_16 Terminals SHOULD maintain WLANnetwork connectivity while preserving battery life 8 2 Idle Power Management Terminals although idle may be using power due to the requirement for network connections to be kept open Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_USE_17 Terminals SHOULD have a traffic inactivity duration setting that will be indicated by the manufacturer to trigger power save mechanism TSG22_R2_USE_18 Terminals MAY use Wi Fi Alliance WMM Power Save mechanisms to achieve idle power management 9 Parental Control Some Mobile Network Operators require parental control or content policing due to regulatory requirements Mobile operators are able to filter web content inappropriate for children under age people when browsing the Internet using cellular data WLAN is ubiquitous and can be operated by individuals without the need for a license to operate the AP thus there is no obligation for these individuals to enforce policies such as adult co
3. 802 11 Event reporting Refer to Section 10 23 2 1 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 Triggered STA statistics Refer to Section 4 3 13 16 IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 Collocated interference reporting Refer to Section 4 3 13 5 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 beacon reporting Refer to Section 10 11 9 1 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 Link Measurement Reporting Refer to Section 10 11 11 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 channel load measurement Refer to Section 4 3 8 5 of IEEE 802 1 1 2012 e IEEE 802 11 STA statistics Refer to 4 3 8 7 of IEEE 802 11 2012 Another aspect of network management is related to effective management of radio resources to minimise interference in the network improve user experience and maximise usage of the unlicensed spectrum For load balancing purposes terminals shall support the following features V2 0 Page 26 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals e EEE 802 11 BSS Transition Management Refer to Section 4 3 13 3 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 Neighbour reporting Refer to Section 4 3 8 10 of IEEE 802 11 2012 For interference management purposes terminals shall support the following features e IEEE 802 11 Co located Interference reporting which can be used to identify and help mitigate interference in the unlicensed bands from non Wi Fi transmissions Refer to
4. Area Network WLAN 3GPP TS 24 234 Interworking WLAN User Equipment WLAN UE to network protocols Stage 4 910 Release 9 Source http www quintillion co jp 3GPP Specs 24234 910 pdf 3GPP TS 31 102 3 Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals Characteristics of the Universal Subscriber Identity Module USIM application Latest version of http www 3qgpp org ftp specs archive 31_series 31 102 3GPP TS 31 115 3 Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals Secured packet structure for Universal Subscriber Identity Module U SIM Toolkit applications Latest version of http www 3qgpp org ftp specs archive 31_series 31 115 3GPP TS 31 116 3 Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals Remote APDU Structure for U SIM Toolkit applications Latest version of http www 3qgpp org ftp specs archive 31_series 31 116 Generic Access Network GAN Mobile GAN Interface Layer 3 Specification 3GPP TS 44 318 Source http www 3gpp orq ftp Specs html info 44318 htm 3 Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Services and 3GPP TS 33 234 System Aspects 3G Security Wireless Local Area Network WLAN interworking security 3 Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Services and 3GPP TS 33 402 System Aspects 3GPP System A
5. Events AnnexC Usability Use Cases V2 0 C 1 Use Case Connect to a Home Service Provider s hotspot with no intervention C 1 1 Description Non confidential 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 Page 3 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 1 2 Background 38 C 1 3 Sequence of Events 38 C 2 Use Case Connect to a HSP hotspot with no intervention 38 C 2 1 Description 38 C 2 2 Background 38 C 2 3 Sequence of Events 38 C 3 Use Case Informed Network Selection based on Network Information when in several Hotspots 39 C 3 1 Description 39 C 3 2 Background 39 C 3 3 Sequence of Events 39 C 4 Use Case Informed Network Selection based on HSP policies when in several Hotspots 39 C 4 1 Description 39 C 5 Background 39 C 5 1 Sequence of Events 40 C 5 2 Description 40 C 5 3 Background 40 C 5 4 Sequence of Events 40 C 6 Use Case Network Hierarchy and Selection 40 C 6 1 Description 40 C 6 2 Background 41 C 6 3 Sequence of Events 41 C 7 Use Case Manual Provisioning and Online sign up 41 C 7 1 Description 41 C 7 2 Background 41 C 7 3 Sequence of Events 41 C 8 Use Case 3G WLAN Mobility 41 C 8 1 Description 41 C 8 2 Background 42 C 8 3 Sequence of Events 42 C 9 Use Case WPS 42 C 9 1 Description 42 C 9 2 Back
6. configure a terminal either through the cellular network or directly over the WLAN access network Some operators may also opt to pre configure operator controlled APs into terminals Mobile terminals may be pre provisioned by necessary subscription information e g SSIDs and accompanying security keys for connection to operator owned WLAN networks 3GPP has in addition defined a set of WLAN parameters provisioned into the USIM see 3GPP TS 31 102 to be used by the terminal In addition 3GPP has also defined OTA Over The Air mechanisms in order to update the USIM parameters including the WLAN parameters see 3GPP TS 31 115 and 3GPP TS 31 116 Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_01 Terminals SHALL support provisioning of WLAN parameters e g network identifiers using the USIM as specified in 3GPP TS 31 102 and in 3GPP TS 24 234 TSG22_R2_CM_02 Terminals SHOULD support OMA DM Managed Objects 3 2 User Manual Provisioning In most terminals today manual provisioning is already available This will often be the case for hotspots that the operator does not own and in home network setups The facility often V2 0 Page 12 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals exists to store profiles so that every time the terminal is in range of an existing WLAN hotspot setup the connection is automatic Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_03 Ter
7. current network identifier to another Users turn Flight Mode on when one network identifier is connected 1 2 3 Users turn WLAN off 4 1 Req ID TSG22_R2_CM_28 Requirement Terminals SHALL support IPV6 RFC 2460 TSG22 R2 CM 29 Terminals SHALL support the ICMPv6 protocol IETF RFC 4443 TSG22_R2_CM_30 Terminals SHALL support the Neighbour Discovery Protocol IETF RFC 4861 TSG22_R2_CM_31 Terminals SHALL support Stateless Address Auto Configuration SLAAC IETF RFC 4862 TSG22_R2_CM_32 Terminals SHALL support the Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6 IETF RFC 4941 TSG22_R2_CM_33 Terminal SHOULD support stateless DHCPV6 client RFC 3736 TSG22_R2_CM_34 Terminal SHOULD support Router Advertisement Option for DNS configuration RFC 6106 TSG22_R2_CM_35 Terminal SHOULD support IPv6 Router Advertisement Flags Options RFC 5175 TSG22_R2_CM_36 TSG22_R2_CM_37 Terminals SHOULD be able to perform Path MTU Discovery according to RFC 1981 The terminal browser SHALL support IPv6 both for standard HTTP access and standard access with a proxy configuration TSG22_R2_CM_38 Terminals MAY use DHCPV6 for the IP address assignment V2 0 Page 19 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals TSG22_R2_CM_39_ Terminals SHOULD be able to use conc
8. devices support the WPA2 Personal mode of operation which offers similar level of security over the air without the need for an authentication server depending on the strength of the user defined passphrase Support for older and non V2 0 Page 21 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals secure security mechanism e g WEP should be discontinued in favour of newer and more secure mechanisms For both operators and customers using the U SIM card for authentication and security is a convenient means to simplify the process for subscribers WPA2 Enterprise with PMF and WPA2 Personal is a mandatory requirement for terminals refer to Section 2 1 of this PRD Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_SEC_07 Terminals SHOULD NOT support WEP 5 3 Roaming Relationships and IEEE 802 11u IEEE 802 11u can be used to advertise roaming relationships between Passpoint operators similar to those mechanism used today for cellular access Passpoint will provide improved WLAN network selection and network access including the ability to provide network access for visiting users IEEE 802 11u is used within Passpoint to improve network selection while WPA2 Enterprise using EAP SIM or either EAP AKA or EAP AKA will provide automated connectivity and secure network access It permits the discovery of roaming partners having SSIDs that are unknown to the term
9. faster according to the status bar on her device After an hour her device bleeps enables battery saving mode and dims her display She wanted the display to be brighter due to the dark lighting of the coffee shop She pops up the device settings and disables the battery saving mode After another hour she notices she was running out of battery power and decides to turn off her WLAN and enable battery saving C 11 2 Background The intent of this use case is to focus aspects on usability such as WLAN function accessibility and power management Some smartphones have one click implementations of turning off the WLAN on power bars or as checkboxes on the home screen menus Status information such as connectivity type is also evident in most devices in the form of icons as an antenna or letters 3G Usability aspects of terminals are in most cases for user intuitiveness and ease of use Users accustomed to one device interface are likely to encounter an initial difficulty in performing simple tasks such as turning off the WLAN radio or checking what is the status of their connection Having a more cohesive usability behaviour and interface generally benefits the user C 11 3 Sequence of Events 1 User turns on WLAN with a few clicks and connects to a hotspot 2 Device successfully associates itself with the hotspot and updates icons and some text on the device for the user to see 3 Network speeds are displayed and updated by
10. high density environments e g sporting venue train station or Community WLAN networks e g a user walking down a street would connect to AP after AP in sequence Terminals should also support IEEE 802 11k Radio Resource Measurement IEEE 802 11k features provide network operators greater capability to manage WLAN to WLAN interference improve roaming etc V2 0 Page 10 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals The WFA has included certification of IEEE 802 11r and IEEE 802 11k capabilities within the Voice Enterprise certification Although portions of this certification which include performance testing using simulated VoIP streams are not required by this PRD Voice Enterprise is currently the only certification option for IEEE 802 11r and IEEE 802 1 1k Terminals should be Wi Fi CERTIFIED WMM Power Save This certification program provides power savings for delivering multimedia content over WLAN networks it helps conserve battery life while using voice and multimedia applications by managing the time the terminal spends in sleep mode Testing has shown 37 73 power savings versus legacy power save mechanisms Terminals shall be Wi Fi CERTIFIED Wi Fi Protected Setup This certification program facilitates easy set up of security features using a Personal Identification Number PIN or other defined methods within the terminal Wi Fi Protec
11. http tools ietf org html rfc4861 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration RFC 4862 Source http tools ietf org html rfc4862 Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6 RFC 4941 Source http tools ietf org html rfc4941 IPv6 Router Advertisement Flags Option RFC 5175 Source http tools ietf org html rfc5175 Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Key Management Framework RFC 5247 Source http tools ietf org pdf rfc5247 pdf Improved Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for RFC 5448 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement EAP AKA Source http tools ietf org pdf rfc5448 pdf IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration RFC 6106 i Source http tools ietf org html rfc6106 2 Alignment with Wi Fi Alliance Certification Programmes It is essential for terminals with WLAN capabilities to support Wi Fi Alliance certifications to ensure that mobile terminals and network elements from multiple vendors are interoperable 2 1 Wi Fi Alliance Certification Programmes Terminals are expected to support the certification requirements listed in this subsection in order to achieve the following objectives e Interoperability with public WLANs hotspots including scalability of authentication systems e Interoperability with consumer residential networks e Interoperability with enterprise networks V2 0 Page 9 of 46 GSM Associa
12. noticed a stutter in the music Her device beeps and blinks an icon changing from a WLAN antenna to a 3G lettered icon Upon entering the next expressway exit she again hears a beep and blinking icon from 3G to WLAN She continues her cruising adventure in the next city with her streaming music in the background V2 0 Page 41 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 8 2 Background The intent of this use case is to illustrate sections on network handover WLAN link quality and intermittent WLAN connectivity Some smartphones have the capability to switch to and from cellular and WLAN networks with minimal to no intervention from the user C 8 3 Sequence of Events 1 Device connects to a preferred hotspot that was provisioned beforehand 2 Device encounters and scans periodically for new hotspots 3 When the signal is fading from the hotspot the device connects to the next available hotspot to continue connectivity 4 When there is a fading signal and no other hotspots are available the device falls back to cellular 5 While still connected to the cellular the device opportunistically scans for hotspots in the location 6 Device finds a suitable hotspot and connects to it 7 User continues to enjoy seemingly uninterrupted service C 9 Use Case WPS C 9 1 Description Liza got her new mobile device with WLAN capability Upon gett
13. presence of multiple hotspots C 3 3 Sequence of Events 1 Device scans and detects multiple hotspots in the area 2 Device determines the best suited hotspot by analysing each of the hotspot s network information against the requirements for video streaming 3 Device finds an AP which has enough bandwidth for video streaming Device connects to the said AP 5 User is able to stream videos gt A C 4 Use Case Informed Network Selection based on HSP policies when in several Hotspots C 4 1 Description Bobby is taking a vacation in Hong Kong and wants to check his email However there is no hotspot in the area which belongs to his Home SP As a result he decides on availing WLAN services from iBonanza to check his email After his vacation he flies back to Japan At the airport he decides to check his email once more However the mobile device is within the range of two WLAN providers iBonanza and his Home SP However since his device has been provisioned with his Home SP policies the mobile device connects to his Home SP network After checking his email he leaves the airport and takes a cab home Later Bobby goes to a nearby coffee shop and orders a drink While relaxing he decides to check the news but the coffee shop s hotspot is in the Home SP exclusion list Hence the mobile device did not automatically connect to it Bobby then decides to manually connect to the hotspot and was able to check the news C 5 Bac
14. provide a Registrar capability as Client Device for WPS TSG22_R2_CM_45 Terminals SHALL provide a hardware or software button to trigger the WPS wireless protected Setup feature as well as a prompt to enter the PIN V2 0 Page 22 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals 7 User Interface 7 1 WLAN On Off Function Accessibility Turning off the WLAN radio on intervals when it is not used can increase battery life All terminals have a means of turning off the WLAN radio from an application or setting that is accessible through a menu or applications icons Accessibility to this feature should be as easy as possible for the user Requirement TSG22_ R2 USE 3 Terminals SHALL have an accessible means for toggling the WLAN to on or off 7 2 Status Information For better user experience pertinent terminal status information should be provided to the user using a consolidated or convenient interface such as icons and or status notifications Status information such as network coverage signal level and battery strength byte counter connection manager network identity encryption status shall be provided through an application or operating system information Additional information from Passpoint can also be provided such as WAN link status WAN uplink and downlink data rates WLAN network name or logo should be displayed when co
15. the access to the home LAN service with the highest speed the lowest price and hopefully privacy and security C 1 3 Sequence of Events 1 The mobile device scans and detects a home SP s hotspot in the area 2 The hotspot s connection policy is assessed by the mobile device s connection manager 3 The connection manager determines that the mobile device has the needed credentials to connect to the hotspot 4 Based on the connection policy the connection manager decides on the specific actions needed in order to connect to the hotspot 5 It could be possible that the terminal will look first for the last connected AP for instance a public AP found in the street in front of his house then in the next scan it will connect straight to the private access hotspot C 2 Use Case Connect to a HSP hotspot with no intervention C 2 1 Description Dave an existing iBonanza subscriber is at his university He needs to create a paper for his Sociology class To gather references he decides to look on the internet Dave s laptop detects an iBonanza hotspot in the university It connects to the hotspot securely and automatically Dave browses the internet and finds what he needs C 2 2 Background This use case aims to show that once a user avails of a hotspot service from a provider there will be no need for them to enter their credentials manually to access the SP s hotspots in any location The user should also be assured of s
16. the preferred access technology e g 3GPP cellular vs WLAN to use under specific conditions priority among WLAN networks or how traffic should be distributed between the 3GPP cellular and WLAN access The conditions for applying specific policies such as location and time and the rules for distributing traffic between access technologies may be based on policy management solutions for example ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function as defined in 3GPP TS 24 312 Terminals should adhere to policies received from the cellular network e g priority among WLAN networks or between cellular and WLAN unless this would conflict with user preference settings which should be considered with highest priority or would result in selection of a WLAN network that is not suitable The terminal should evaluate whether a WLAN network is suitable according to the principles in Section 4 3 of this PRD Thus in presence of more than one suitable WLAN network terminals should select the one prioritised by the cellular operator policy unless overridden by user preference settings Terminals should also prefer a WLAN network that is suitable over one that is not suitable when both networks are allowed by cellular operator policy even though the WLAN network that is not suitable may be prioritised by the policy The terminal may also consider the status of the terminal e g battery life for choosing not to connect to a WLAN network and connect to
17. your use If you find any errors or omissions please contact us with your comments You may notify us at prd gsma com your comments or suggestions amp questions are always welcome V2 0 Page 46 of 46
18. 08 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 channel load measurement feature Refer to Section 4 3 8 5 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_09 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 STA statistics feature Refer to 4 3 8 7 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_10 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 Neighbour reporting feature Refer to Section 4 3 8 10 of IEEE 802 11 2012 V2 0 Page 27 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals TSG22_R2_NM_12 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 quiet element feature Refer to Section 8 4 2 25 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22 R2 NM 13 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 location reporting Refer to a Section4 3 8 8 of IEEE 802 11 2012 A 3 WLAN Antenna Performance Ensure common antenna performances through the alignment on requirements for the Minimum Total Radiated Power MTRP and the Maximum Total Radiated Sensitivity MTRS for WLAN terminals A 4 Partial Support for 3GPP TS 24 234 To facilitate the Provisioning and Storage of policies in the USIM or Terminal A 5 Updates driven in related standardisation bodies such as 3GPP OMA WFA etc Please note that above list should not be considered as complete or final list but is subject to market and technology developments inputs received from work driven in related organisations and inputs provided by the members of t
19. AP when evaluating whether to switch back to the 3GPP network based on default priorities and or thresholds for those parameters specified by the manufacturer TSG22_R2_CM_17 Terminals MAY support provisioning with priorities and or thresholds related to RSSI BSS load information Passpoint WAN metrics information and minimum WLAN data throughput level e g pre configured or as part of operator policies TSG22_R2_CM_18 Terminals SHOULD use provisioned priorities and or thresholds by the operator when present with higher priority than default manufacturer priorities thresholds 4 4 Intermittent WLAN Connectivity Users would like to be connected to the best available resource as much as possible with minimum interruption to usability Maximising available resources such as switching to higher bandwidth WLAN presents an attractive alternative to users However minimum interruption should be ensured Automatically switching between 3GPP access 2G 3G LTE and WLAN may present usability problems to the terminal which is not properly configured to handle such scenarios V2 0 Page 15 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Hysteresis meaning that the threshold to switch to a WLAN network is different from the threshold to switch back to a cellular network mechanisms should be implemented with tuned radio thresholds so th
20. GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals GSMA Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Version 2 0 20 September 2013 This is a Non binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA Security Classification Non confidential Access to and distribution of this document is restricted to the persons permitted by the security classification This document is confidential to the Association and is subject to copyright protection This document is to be used only for the purposes for which it has been supplied and information contained in it must not be disclosed or in any other way made available in whole or in part to persons other than those permitted under the security classification without the prior written approval of the Association Copyright Notice Copyright 2013 GSM Association Disclaimer The GSM Association Association makes no representation warranty or undertaking express or implied with respect to and does not accept any responsibility for and hereby disclaims liability for the accuracy or completeness or timeliness of the information contained in this document The information contained in this document may be subject to change without prior notice Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association s antitrust compliance policy V2 0 Page 1 of 46 GSM Ass
21. IEEE 802 11u RS HS 2 0 802 11u Access Point Network Hubs Service Provider Roaming HS 2 0 802 11u Devices B 2 1 Description Raymond is at a restaurant when he notices that it offers WLAN provided by his operator His phone detects the hotspots available and proceeds to connect to the hotspot provided by his operator The device successfully connects and the device proceeds to authenticate on the network B 2 2 Background This use case attempts to show the convenience that IEEE 802 11u provides to the user when connecting to an IEEE 802 11u enabled WLAN network This alleviates the user from punching in security keys for WPA2 and selects the appropriate hotspot network for the user based on provisioned network details B 2 3 Sequence of Events 1 Users choose to connect to WLAN 2 Device scans for hotspots available 3 IEEE 802 11u GAS Generic Advertisement Service is used to provide for Layer 2 transport of an advertisement protocol s frames between a terminal and a server in the network prior to authentication 4 IEEE 802 11u ANQP Access Network Query Protocol is used to discover different features and available services of the network 5 Device then proceeds to the authentication process B 3 Home 3G Switch to Home WLAN User decides to switch from 3G which is provided by the user s home operator to WLAN which is also provided by the user s home operator B 3 1 Description Clara is in the sub
22. Section 4 3 13 5 of IEEE 802 11 2012 e IEEE 802 11 quiet element to assess background interference Refer to Section 8 4 2 25 of IEEE 802 11 2012 Availability of terminal location is also another key element for effective management of large scale networks as well as being an enabler for location based services Terminals shall support the following feature e IEEE 802 11 location reporting Refer to Section 4 3 8 8 of IEEE 802 11 2012 Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_NM_01 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 diagnostic reporting feature Refer to 4 3 13 6 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22 R2 NM _02 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 Event reporting feature Refer to Section 10 23 2 1 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_03 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 Triggered station statistics feature Refer to Section 4 3 13 16 IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2 NM_04 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 BSS transition management feature Refer to Section 4 3 13 3 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_05 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 Collocated Interference reporting feature Refer to Section 4 3 13 5 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_06 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 beacon reporting feature Refer to Section 10 11 9 1 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22 R2 NM_07 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 11 Link Measurement Reporting feature Refer to Section 10 11 11 of IEEE 802 11 2012 TSG22_R2_NM_
23. The cellular network operator policies should have highest priority among all available policies in the terminal for network selection However user preference settings should be able to override 3GPP operator policies on WLAN selection Terminals should be able to support association on a preferred WLAN network whether the network identifier is visible or not Moreover in order to avoid selection of a WLAN network with poor radio link and or data connection quality terminals should evaluate whether a WLAN network is suitable according to the requirements of Section 4 3 of this PRD The criteria for determining whether a WLAN network is suitable can be default criteria in the terminals criteria pre configured by the operator or provisioned as part of operator policies for WLAN network selection In the presence of more than one suitable WLAN network terminals should select the one prioritised by the cellular operator policy unless overridden by user preference settings Terminals should also prefer a WLAN network that is suitable over one that is not suitable when both networks are allowed by cellular operator policy even though the WLAN network that is not suitable may be prioritised by the policy Req ID Requirement V2 0 Page 16 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals TSG22_R2_CM_21 Terminals SHOULD consider user preference settings with highe
24. a the mall s hotspot her home SP s hotspot and iBonanza hotspot Since she has an account with iBonanza and has configured her phone to prioritize connection to it the mobile phone automatically is associated and connects to the iBonanza hotspot Casey was able to read the reviews C 5 3 Background This use case aims to show how Casey s mobile device automatically chooses the appropriate hotspot based on Caseys configured hotspot preference when in the presence of multiple hotspots C 5 4 Sequence of Events 1 The user configures and prioritizes a list of user preferred hotspots and a list of security credentials to use on the mobile device 2 Device scans and detects multiple hotspots in the area 3 The connection manager determines which hotspot to associate with based on the user configured list of preferred hotspots 4 Device evaluates the required security credentials and connects to the hotspot with the allowed credentials based on the configured user list of security credentials C 6 Use Case Network Hierarchy and Selection C 6 1 Description Marianne moved out of their house and transferred to a condominium near her school Every Wednesday of the week she usually watches her favourite TV show It happens that her favourite TV show can also be streamed on the internet Marianne has an option to watch it through her mobile device by the service of the local cellular network She also has an option to use a WLAN enable
25. afety of aircraft flight e Query if WLAN functionality is on or off e Interact with the connection manager to connect to and disconnect from APs e Use the operator predefined list of preferred network identifiers e g SSID e Add delete modify and manage WLAN profiles including information such as network identifiers e g SSID secured or open network discover security methods and authentication credentials e Access to detailed information per network identifier such as the WLAN signal strength per network identifier e g SSID active or inactive WLAN channel physical rate backhaul capability if available security methods and authentication credentials used known or unknown network e Access to the list of available network identifiers e g SSID e Support automatic amp manual connection modes e Force the association to a specific network identifier e g SSID visible or not e Listen to the WLAN events such as new available network loss of network successful association on a specific network identifier e g SSID V2 0 Page 13 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals e Access to information on an active session using a specific network identifier e g a SSID such as IP address Mac Address Subnet Address e Modify information on WLAN connection such as IP address Subnet Address Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_05 Termina
26. age Furthermore Passpoint requires that U SIM based terminals shall support U SIM based authentication for WLAN access Passpoint Among Non U SIM based authentication mechanisms EAP TLS and EAP TTLS have been identified as mandatory mechanisms according to Passpoint The EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol is an authentication framework that provides for the transport and usage of cryptographic keys and parameters generated by the EAP methods To mirror the security and authentication for GSM UMTS and LTE terminals shall support EAP SIM EAP AKA and EAP AKA for IEEE 802 1X based WLAN access according to 3GPP TS 33 234 3GPP TS 33 234 and 3GPP TS 33 402 3GPP TS 33 402 More specifically a terminal with either a USIM or a SIM inserted shall request the authentication method corresponding to the type of smart card it holds when connecting to a WLAN network that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the U SIM In addition it shall be possible to configure whether the terminal with UICC inserted and USIM selected shall use EAP AKA or EAP AKA when accessing operator WLANnetworks that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the USIM In order to cover the case where the HPLMN AAA server does not yet support EAP AKA it shall be possible for the operator to configure whether terminals with UICC inserted and USIM selected are allowed to use EAP SIM when connec
27. agreement She notices the PingPing logo offering WLAN services she opts to use WLAN and starts to check her emails B 8 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by a WLAN provider while in a visited 3G network V2 0 Page 35 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 8 3 Sequence of Events PON 5 e WiFi Connected to 3G _ Internet Intranet e Wi Fi Connect to Wi Fi a ate _ _ _P Wi Fi Provider Figure 8 Example 6 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the visited operator s network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects WLAN network User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the WLAN provider through a service agreement with the visited operator Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network B 9 Visited 3G to WLAN Provider with No Service Agreement B 9 1 Description Rizaden frequently travels abroad and uses the internet frequently She is subscribed to Looper a WLAN Service Provider She usually looks for a Looper hotspot so she can sign in and use the internet B 9 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by a WLAN provider while in a visited 3G network with no se
28. at a terminal switches back quickly to 3GPP access when the WLAN radio signal strength is fading or throughput is decreased to an unacceptable level If no cellular network is available and the WLAN signal is below the access threshold WLAN access has to be released The network is able to temporarily refuse a WLAN connection so that the terminal will stay on the cellular network In some cases WLAN access could be temporarily denied from the network for technical or marketing reasons see related uses case without displaying any message to the customer Terminals in this situation should avoid network overload by too many successive request attempts Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_19 Terminals SHALL have a hysteresis mechanism to prevent them from connecting and disconnecting to from the same AP within a minimum interval TSG22_R2_CM_20 The terminal SHALL limit the number of access retries to the same AP when it receives temporary denied access notification from that AP as e g RFC 4186 1026 notification with EAPSIM 4 5 WLAN Access Network Selection WLAN network selection in the terminal i e based on U SIM credentials provided by the 3GPP network operator should take into consideration 3GPP operator policies for WLAN network selection The operator policies may indicate priority among WLAN networks e g based on a pre configured list of network identifiers or provisioned by the cellular network operator
29. ate the possible mechanisms to implement parental control The implementations need not be network and device at the same time but may be either to enforce it appropriately depending on the circumstances Due to geographical regional regulations some Mobile Network Operators required a form content or network control to access content Some operators implement a blacklist of sites in their network systems implementing a network controlled interface for content filtering Several browsers already have a system of plug ins for filtering non child safe sites using blacklists hosted on their own servers C 12 3 Sequence of Events 1 The device detects that is in a cellular connection 2 A URL is requested by the device to the network with a key indicating the parental control is turned on e g a crafted http header The operator system crosschecks the URL with a list of filtered sites It is determined that the site is not allowed when parental control is turned on The device receives a page notification that access to the page is not allowed On the succeeding occasion that the device is connected to a WLAN hotspot the browser checks for the blacklisted sites in a local cache to see if the content is allowed or not 7 Some browsers have a plug in that caches the list and is updated regularly by the authors host of the content filtering components oo Rw V2 0 Page 44 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22
30. cellular provided that no cellular operator policy is available that prioritises WLAN over cellular or cellular operator policy prioritises WLAN but available WLAN networks that can be accessed according to operator policy are not suitable Alternatively terminals may connect to a WLAN network that is not suitable if there is no other connectivity option available i e the 3GPP network or another suitable WLAN network that the terminal is allowed to access according to operator policy or a WLAN network prioritised by user preference V2 0 Page 17 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_24 Terminals SHOULD be able to off load a data flow from 3GPP cellular to WLAN and vice versa TSG22_R2_CM_25 Terminals SHOULD be able to maintain concurrent 3GPP cellular and WLAN connectivity for distributing separate data flows on 3GPP cellular and WLAN TSG22_R2_CM_26 Terminals SHOULD consider user preference setting with highest priority when evaluating inputs for multi access technology selection TSG22_R2_CM_27 The hierarchy of the inputs used by the terminal to select the appropriate radio connection for data flows after user preferences SHOULD be the following 1 The policies received from the cellular network operator e g ANDSF policies 2 Information pertaining to the suitability of the selected and or ava
31. d broadband router which is supplied by a local cellular operator or by another SP since her condominium is beside a coffee shop who offers internet to customers Another option of Marianne is to use the neighbour s WLAN enabled broadband router which is managed by the residential owner V2 0 Page 40 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 6 2 Background This use case aims to discuss on how the service will be delivered to the user Through the network selection policy the more preferred network will be chosen by the device Example is when cellular data is in use then there is a hotspot detected Hotspot will be chosen due to better performance based on different factors C 6 3 Sequence of Events 1 User utilizes the mobile device to watch his her favourite streaming TV show 2 The mobile device has an option to access the internet thru various WLAN APs or thru cellular networks 3 The residential private WLAN hotspot will be chosen as the preferred delivery network 4 User can now watch his her favourite TV show C 7 Use Case Manual Provisioning and Online sign up C 7 1 Description Denize is a frequent customer of a certain coffee shop near her office She really loves their specialty drinks and usually finishes her overtime work there One thing she does not like with the coffee shop is that it has no free public hotspot Her favourite co
32. d with automatic EAP authentication and perform automatic connection attempts to a WLAN network If the network rejects the access request of the terminal for a repeated number of times due to WLAN barring the V2 0 Page 23 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals terminal must stop any other requests until a manual attempt is made Otherwise this could lead to some core network overload Frequent attempts to connect to barred APs will have a detrimental effect on usability and battery life According to the relevant IETF RFCs certain EAP enabled authentication frames support Fast Re authentication methods These are enabled by the Authentication Server providing Fast Re Authentication Identity and other parameters to the WPA supplicant instantiated on the end user device as part of normal Full Authentication procedure When the WPA supplicant requires authentication subsequent to a given Full Authentication it can optionally use a Fast Re authentication procedure Note e compared to Fast Re authentication Full Re Authentication places a number of additional loading factors on service provider access and core network resources e compared to 3GPP mobile data RAN infrastructure there are peculiar challenges to predicting and engineering against WLAN attachment detachment scenarios When Full Authentication is required for each device re attachment the ad
33. date is found the application downloads the data and parses through it The application then V2 0 Page 42 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals updates the network identifier list on the device using management APIs available on the device C 10 2 Background In the world of software and hardware APIs are paramount in the burgeoning amount of applications available Though some APIs should understandably be limited to operators and vendors others are safe to expose to third party developers The intent of this use case is to illustrate the ability for operators to build their own applications that require management of WLAN capabilities This alleviates vendors from implementing varying and often conflicting needs of different operators C 10 3 Sequence of Events 1 Programmer builds an app to utilize the available management APIs 2 Application calls management APIs 3 Device appropriately performs the task and produces the desired result C 11 Use Case Status Information Function Accessibility Power Management C 11 1 Description Faith is a techie that constantly uses her mobile device to chat and watch videos on the internet She walks into a coffee shop and notices free WLAN for customers She turns on the WLAN radio in one click on the device home screen and starts to use the WLAN to watch videos She noticed the WLAN connection to be
34. ditional load becomes difficult to predict For these reasons where authentication frames support Fast Re authentication procedures these should be supported in the mobile terminal Req ID Requirement TSG22_ R2_ USE 8 Terminals SHALL refrain from attempting an automatic connection when barred due to permanent and not temporarily authentication failure or notification after the authentication request is rejected unless a manual attempt is made For example with EAPSIM according to RFC 41 86 10 18 when receiving the error code 1031 User has not subscribed to the requested service Implies failure used after a successful authentication TSG22_R2_USE_9__ Terminals with a UI User Interface SHOULD notify to the user the failure of authentication TSG22_R2_USE_10 Terminals SHALL implement fast re authentication mechanism described in the IETF RFC 4186 EAP SIM TSG22_R2_USE_11 Terminals SHOULD support fast re authentication mechanism described in the IETF RFC 4187 EAP AKA IETF RFC 5448 EAP AKA 8 Power Management 8 1 Power Save Mechanisms Mobile devices that present poor battery longevity can present less usefulness to users due to its mobile nature such mobile devices can benefit from power save mechanisms Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_USE_12 Terminals SHALL have a means of determining low battery level and automatically enabling power save mechanisms V2 0 Page 24 of 46
35. ecurity during associating and usage C 2 3 Sequence of Events 1 The device scans and detects a home SP s hotspot in the area 2 The hotspot s connection policy is assessed by the mobile device s connection manager 3 The connection manager determines that the mobile device has the needed credentials to connect to the hotspot V2 0 Page 38 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals 4 Based on the connection policy the connection manager decides on the specific actions needed in order to connect to the hotspot 5 The mobile device is given the hotspot s provider name which the mobile device may display along with any additional information C 3 Use Case Informed Network Selection based on Network Information when in several Hotspots C 3 1 Description Allan has an account with his home Service Provider He is in the park and wants to teach his dog new tricks He remembers a video in the internet which shows tutorials Allan decides to stream some of the videos However in order to do so Allan s mobile device should connect to a hotspot which has sufficient bandwidth to support video streaming Allan s device scans and connects to such a hotspot and is now able to view videos C 3 2 Background This use case aims to show how Allan s mobile device automatically chooses the appropriate hotspot based on network information when in the
36. er phone and sees a list of available hotspots Seeing TwoTone is available she opts to use WLAN to connect to the internet and sends out her email and continues shopping B 6 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by a WLAN provider while in a home 3G network V2 0 Page 33 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 6 3 Sequence of Events PON 5 e WiFi Connected to 3G _ Internet Intranet e Wi Fi Connect to Wi Fi a ate _ _P Wi Fi Provider Figure 6 Example 4 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the user s home operator network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects WLAN network with which the user has an account User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the WLAN provider though a service agreement with the home operator Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network B 7 Home 3G to WLAN Provider with No Service Agreement B 7 1 Description Kristine lives in a small community wherein a number of coffee shops offer WLAN accounts to their loyal customers Her phone is subscribed to Smarty networks and is not affiliated to any WLAN provider Being a coffee shop enthusiast she usually hangs around the shops a few hours in a day and t
37. es such as 3GPP OMA WFA etc Non confidential ONDDD OD 9 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 28 28 28 Page 2 of 46 GSM Association Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals AnnexB Network Connectivity Use Cases B 1 WPA2 IEEE 802 1X EAPOL EAP B 1 1 Description B 1 2 Background B 1 3 Sequence of Events B 2 IEEE 802 11u B 2 1 Description B 2 2 Background B 2 3 Sequence of Events B 3 Home 3G Switch to Home WLAN B 3 1 Description B 3 2 Background B 3 3 Sequence of Events B 4 Visited 3G to Visited WLAN B 4 1 Description B 4 2 Background B 4 3 Sequence of Events B 5 Visited 3G to Home WLAN B 5 1 Description B 5 2 Background B 5 3 Sequence of Events B 6 Home 3G to WLAN Provider with Service Agreement B 6 1 Description B 6 2 Background B 6 3 Sequence of Events B 7 Home 3G to WLAN Provider with No Service Agreement B 7 1 Description B 7 2 Background B 7 3 Sequence of Events B 8 Visited 8G to WLAN Provider with Service Agreement B 8 1 Description B 8 2 Background B 8 3 Sequence of Events B 9 Visited 8G to WLAN Provider with No Service Agreement B 9 1 Description B 9 2 Background B 9 3 Sequence of Events B 10 Device concurrently connected with cellular network and WLAN B 10 1 Description B 10 2 Background B 10 3 Sequence of
38. ffee shop operates a secure hotspot and she needs to pay for it After the procedure Denize s mobile device is securely provisioned with the appropriate credentials and configuration to access the hotspot Denize can now access the internet to check her emails C 7 2 Background This use case aims to determine the process for obtaining an account and access from a secured hotspot This process includes Discovery Registration Provisioning and Access In order for the user to gain access from the secured hotspot the user should perform an online sign up and give their credentials to gain access to a secured hotspot After the process of signing up the credentials will be authenticated and authorized to give access to the account of the user C 7 3 Sequence of Events 1 User s mobile device detects a secured hotspot 2 User will register for the online sign up and provide her credentials 3 After registration his her mobile device will be given access to the internet C 8 Use Case 3G WLAN Mobility C 8 1 Description Leigh wanted to cruise the city Knowing the city is blanketed with WLAN hotspots she turns on her device and wanted to listen to music from her favourite streaming radio channel She tunes in to her favourite channel and plugs the device into her car entertainment system While travelling her device changes from one network AP to the next hotspot to maintain connectivity After a few miles she reaches the expressway and
39. function of the terminal should issue a DHCP request to the new AP even if the identity or network identifier e g SSID of the AP does not change However this process could be slow since the device needs to go through a complete DHCP exchange before it is able to communicate RFC 4436 proposes to cache information about the network own IP configuration parameters MAC and IPs of test V2 0 Page 18 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals node s in the network and to probe them quickly using unicast ARP after the link comes up If the probing confirms that the network looks the same there is no need to re acquire the IP address via DHCP The device simply continues to use its current lease Nevertheless it is recommended to do DHCP in parallel to avoid additional delays if the probes result in a negative answer If the device retains information about multiple networks it can also accelerate the return to your private networks It also helps if the device switches back and forth between two hotspots for some reason It is important that it becomes normal practice for all terminals to support IPv6 on their Wi Fi interface In order to improve the IP address utilisation the terminal shall send DHCP Release message to AP to release its IP address in the following circumstances Users disconnect from applications Users switch from the
40. ground 42 C 9 3 Sequence of Events 42 C 10 Use Case WLAN Management APIs 42 C 10 1 Description 42 C 10 2 Background 43 C 10 3 Sequence of Events 43 C 11 Use Case Status Information Function Accessibility Power Management 43 C 11 1 Description 43 C 11 2 Background 43 C 11 3 Sequence of Events 43 C 12 Use Case Child safe Online Content 44 C 12 1 Description 44 V2 0 Page 4 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 12 2 Background 44 C 12 3 Sequence of Events 44 C 13 Use Case Quality of Service Access managed by the network 45 C 13 1 Description 45 C 13 2 Background 45 C 13 3 Sequence of Events 45 Document Management 46 Document History 46 Other Information 46 V2 0 Page 5 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals 1 Introduction 1 1 Purpose Wi Fi or Wireless Fidelity has been steadily increasing as a standard feature for radio access in mobile devices terminals Wi Fi is a trademark of the Wi Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using WFA programs based on the IEEE 802 11 family of standards However these terminals have varying degrees of Wireless Local Area Network WLAN support which poses a number of risks in the market such as different implementations of WLAN confusing end users which results in a reluctance to use it The different WLAN
41. he GSMA TSG group Progress will also be subject to work driven by other industry groups such as the Wi Fi Alliance Convergence Wireless Group CWG V2 0 Page 28 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Annex B Network Connectivity Use Cases B 1 WPA2 IEEE 802 1X EAPOL EAP Authentication Authenticator Supplicant Q IUS DIAMETER Internet or Other LAN Resources Figure 1 Example EAP Network Architecture B 1 1 Description Krishna is leisurely walking around the commercial district when she notices a WLAN hotspot provided by her operator She chooses the hotspot and her device connects to it successfully She begins to browse to her favourite websites B 1 2 Background In this use case the multiple layer of security provided by WPA2 IEEE 802 1X and EAP B 1 3 Sequence of Events 1 User chooses to connect to the hotspot 2 Mobile device connects and uses WPA2 to encrypt the communication channel to the hotspot 3 EAPOL is used additionally to connect securely to the authenticator to facilitate the EAP authentication 4 Device then authenticates using EAP and connects to the authenticator and authentication server 5 System authenticates the device and permits the connection V2 0 Page 29 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 2
42. he can connect to the hotspot easily by using her old phone she proceeds to do so and starts using the WLAN service to chat with her friends B 5 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by the home operator while roaming into a visited 3G network V2 0 Page 32 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 5 3 Sequence of Events e WiFi Connected to 3G lt __ VISITED _ Internet Intranet e Wi Fi Connect to Wi Fi a ate St e HOME Figure 5 Example 3 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the visited operator s network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects WLAN network provided by the visited operator User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the home operator through a service agreement with the visited operator 5 Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network Poe B 6 Home 3G to WLAN Provider with Service Agreement User decides to switch from 3G which is provided by the user s home operator to WLAN B 6 1 Description Llorana has a phone subscribed to Smarty Networks and a WLAN subscription service to TwoTone which she uses for her laptop She goes shopping and remembers she needed to send out an important email She brings out h
43. he operator in the terminal or provisioned as part of operator policy If criteria e g as defined by priorities and or thresholds are pre configured or provisioned by the operator they should be considered with higher priority than default values The terminal may in addition have proprietary schemes to consider additional parameters in order to determine whether the AP is adequate or not Once a terminal is connected on a WLAN network it should be able to monitor whether the AP can provide adequate throughput as defined by a default minimum throughput threshold criterion preconfigured operator policy on minimum throughput threshold or operator provisioned policy containing a minimum throughput threshold and switch back to the cellular network if the minimum throughput threshold cannot be satisfied Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_13 Terminals SHALL have the capability to monitor the Wi Fi radio link quality in terms of WLAN Received Signal Strength Indication RSSI level TSG22_R2_CM_14 Terminals SHOULD consider the following parameters when available in selection of a AP based on default priorities and or thresholds for those parameters specified by the manufacturer WLAN RSSI IEEE 802 11 BSS load IE Passpoint WAN Metrics IE TSG22_R2_CM_15 Terminals SHOULD be able to monitor the data throughput level on a selected AP TSG22_R2_CM_16 Terminals SHOULD consider the WLAN RSSI and data throughput level on a selected
44. he push of a button Moreover all Wi Fi Direct connections are protected by WPA2 the latest Wi Fi security technology With Wi Fi Direct an AP or internet connection are not required Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_WFA_07 Terminals SHOULD support the Wi Fi Direct certification program V2 0 Page 11 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals 2 3 Supported Bands The 2 4GHz band is widely deployed and in many areas can become congested due to both the number of APs in an area as well as the number of users trying to receive a service in that area The 5GHz band is now becoming more widely deployed by both operators and in home networks Consequently terminals should support using the 5GHz band Req ID Requirement TSG22_ R2 USE 1 Terminals SHOULD be able to operate in the 2 4GHz band TSG22_R2_USE_2 Terminals SHOULD be able to operate in the 5GHz band 3 WLAN Policy Provisioning 3 1 Operator Policy Provisioning Expanded service of operators through service agreements and partnerships can significantly increase the coverage and list of network identifiers e g SSID within a user s subscription An update mechanism shall be in place to broker the inclusion of new parameters and data e g SSIDs within the user s subscription together with the exclusion or removal of irrelevant ones OMA DM can provide a means to
45. his gives her maximum use of her WLAN account B 7 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by a WLAN provider while in the home 3G network which has no service agreement V2 0 Page 34 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 7 3 Sequence of Events Choose WiFi VW Connected to 3G K Ae Internet Intranet Detects Wi Fi 1 Connect to Wi Fi amp oe Authenticate _ _ _P Wi Fi Provider Figure 7 Example 5 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the visited operator s network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects WLAN network with which the user has an account User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the WLAN provider 5 Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network FoON gt hP B 8 Visited 3G to WLAN Provider with Service Agreement User decides to switch from 3G which is provided by the visited operator to WLAN B 8 1 Description Louella is heavy internet user and prefers to use WLAN to connect whenever she can She is subscribed to PingPing a WLAN provider available in many countries On her usual business trip to another country her phone connects to the 3G PingPong network PingPong network and PingPing is known to have a service
46. i Alliance certified WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider WISPr Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WPA2 Wi Fi Protected Access Version 2 WPS Wi Fi Protected Setup 1 4 Reference Documents Document Number Wi Fi Offload Wi Fi Offload Whitepaper Version 1 0 19 April 2010 V2 0 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Source www gsma com go download file wifioffloadwhitepaper pdf Wi Fi Alliance Marketing Requirements Document for Passpoint os A Hotspot 2 0 Wi Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint Certification Amendment Wi Fi Alliance Wi Fi Alliance Certification Programs see http www wi Certification fi org certification programs Programs WFA Wi Fi CERTIFIED Wi Fi Direct Personal portable Wi Fi technology Wi Fi Direct 2010 https www wi fi org register php file wp Wi Fi Direct 20101025 Industry pdf Open CM API Requirements Document Release 1 0 OMA RD OpenCMAPI V1_0 20110712 C doc 12 Jul 11 Source http www openmobilealliance org Technical OpenCMAPI p ania release_program docs CopyrightClick aspx pck OpenCMAPI amp file V1_0 20110712 C OMA RD OpenCMAPI V1_0 20110712 C pdf 3rd Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals 3GPP System to Wireless Local
47. ia a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the USIM This might be for example in the factory or by another method 5 1 2 IEEE 802 1X This is another key component of the Passpoint certification that aims to provide WLAN users a Seamless user experience The terminal requirement is to support IEEE 802 1X IEEE 802 1X is an authentication method for PNAC port based Network Access Control It provides an authentication methodology often used by laptops to connect to LAN or WLAN using EAP In WLANnetworks an AKM Authentication and Key management suite needs to be negotiated in order to use IEEE 802 1X for authentication This is defined as WPA2 Enterprise certification which is a pre requisite for Passpoint Certification which mandates the use of IEEE 802 1X authentication methodology Requirement TSG22_R2_SEC_06 Terminals SHALL support IEEE 802 1X Note IEEE 802 1X is supported by a terminal which is WFA Passpoint Certified 5 2 WLAN Over the Air Security Wi Fi Protected Access 2 Enterprise WPA2 Enterprise with Protected Management Frames PMF is the latest version of the security protocol and security certification programme developed by the Wi Fi Alliance to secure the access to a WLAN network which has the support of an authentication server To provide a secure means of communication for the terminals over a WLAN air interface WPA2 Enterprise with PMF is mandatory WFA also mandates that all Wi Fi certified
48. ible Authentication Protocol over LAN EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution GAN Generic Access Network GAS Generic Advertisement Service GPRS General Packet Radio Service V2 0 Page 6 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals GSM Global System for Mobile Hotspot 2 0 Wi Fi Alliance programme that certifies Passpoint devices HSPA High Speed Packet Access IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force I WLAN Interworking Wireless LAN LAN Local Area Network LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Media Access Control MAPIM Multi Access PDN connectivity and IP flow Mobility MMS Multi Media Service MNSP 3GPP PLMN Service Provider Also called as an Operator OMA Open Mobile Alliance Passpoint Wi Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PMF Protected Management Frame QoS Quality of Service RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service SIM Subscriber Identity Module SCOMO Software Component Management Object SMS Short Message Service SSID Service Set Identifier UICC Universal Integrated Circuit card UMA Unlicensed Mobile Access UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WFA Wi Fi Alliance Wi Fi WLAN products which are Wi F
49. ilable radio connection 3 Information pertaining to the status of the terminal 4 7 Traffic management across RATS Maintaining network operator services across varying network technologies provides better network performance through offloading However disruption of services should be kept at a minimum when switching between different network technologies e g switching from 3G to WLAN It is important that the mobile network connection be kept when WLAN access has been performed for the following reasons e For core network capacity i e no new PDP context establishment on 3GPP on every AP connection e Charging tickets processing load e Transparent user interface It is important that network inactivity timer mechanism keeps working as normal When a device attaches to a new AP the following scenarios may apply in networks configured via DHCP or with static IP configuration 1 Switch between APs within the same hotspot In this case the IP layer connectivity stays the same layer 2 handover only 2 Switch between APs of different hotspots Depending on the implementation IP connectivity may stay the same but may also change 3 Switch to an AP of a different network the AP network is known and configured and the old lease is not outdated For example in private networks leases can be in the range of days or even static and therefore this situation is not uncommon If the terminals AP changes the DHCP
50. implementations and requirements also cause interoperability issues and create fragmentation that impacts its use in the market The GSMA TSG Terminal Steering Group has established a dedicated work item for operators and vendors to share existing WLAN experiences from operators to assess relevant industry activities and to create a Permanent Reference Document as well as inputs to other organisations The outcome shall help drive and standardise WLAN implementation of MNOs and OEMs and facilitate support of WLAN functionality and usability for users of WLAN services on operator networks 1 2 Scope and Objective The aim of this document is to consolidate minimum terminal requirements or references where these have been published already by other groups for WLAN enabled terminals It is the intent of this Permanent Reference Document to facilitate alignment of operator WLAN requirements and to enhance the WLAN functionality and usability for users of WLAN services on operator networks This PRD does not exclude the possibility for support of additional WLAN capabilities not mentioned in this document 1 3 Definition of Terms Term Description 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function ANQP Access Network Query Protocol AP Access Point API Application Programming Interface CMN Cellular Mobile Network EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol EAPoL Extens
51. inal WPA2 Enterprise can be used to authenticate with the home provider for network access assuming the home operator has a roaming relationship with the visited operator IEEE 802 11u is included in the Passpoint WFA certification Passpoint 6 Wi Fi Protected Setup WPS Some technologies require a level of technological skill or background to setup or utilise By providing an easier means for connecting through hotspots setup becomes easier for non technically adept users providing a broader reach for devices and services It is often quite challenging for the customer to gain access using their terminal to a WLAN network at home or in a small office environment as they must access the right network identifier e g SSID and enter the correct security key without any errors Wi Fi Protected Setup is an optional certification program in Wi Fi Alliance designed to ease this process and set up of security enabled WLANnetworks at home or in a small office environment This certification program provides several easy to use methods to configure a network and the different terminals to access to it e Push Button Configuration e PIN numeric code e Near Field Communication NFC method in which a customer touches a token or a card with his NFC enabled terminal Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_43 Terminals SHALL support WPS with either PIN or both PIN amp Push Button methods for WLAN TSG22_R2_CM_44 Terminals SHALL
52. ing home she happily opens up the device and tries to connect to her WLAN home network Her device prompted for the pre shared key to access the network She totally forgot about her pre shared key and did not want to reset it since her siblings were also using it She opened the manual of the mobile device and found out it had a WPS feature She went to her WLAN router pressed the WPS button and accessed the WPS feature on her mobile device A few moments later she was able to connect and start surfing with her new mobile device C 9 2 Background This use case illustrates the convenience that WPS presents to the user in connecting to a hotspot that has security measures such as WPA2 C 9 3 Sequence of Events 1 User presses the WPS button on the WLAN router hub User uses the WPS feature on the device Device and router hub agree based on the WPS connection mechanisms Router hub allows device to connect Device is now connected Oe ON C 10 Use Case WLAN Management APIs C 10 1 Description Natalia is a programmer for Smarty Networks She was tasked to create an application to be pre installed on their next generation of handset offerings Due to the lack of an integrated system to manage their devices she created an application to pull the list of network identifier that Smarty Networks uses and update the list on the handsets thru the application The device begins by checking the update server for new data every week Once an up
53. kground This use case aims to show how Bobby s mobile device automatically chooses the appropriate hotspot based on Home SP policies provisioned in the mobile device when in the presence of multiple hotspots V2 0 Page 39 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals C 5 1 Sequence of Events 1 The device is provisioned with the Home SP policies This makes the mobile advice able to connect to preferred networks based on the policies whenever it detects them 2 Device scans and detects multiple hotspots in the area 3 When the device identifies a preferred network after it organizes the hotspots it tries to connect to the preferred network 4 However when the device does not identify a preferred network in the list it checks the list for hotspots in the home SP policies exclusion list 5 If a hotspot is in the home SP s exclusion list the mobile device will not automatically associated to it unless the user manually chooses to connect 6 Use Case Informed Network Selection based on user preference when in several Hotspots C 5 2 Description Casey is in the mall with her friends After doing some shopping Casey and her friends decide to watch a movie However they could not decide between two movies Therefore she decides to look for reviews of the movies on the internet Upon scanning the mobile device discovers three networks in the are
54. ls SHALL have at least one pre installed connection management client TSG22_R2_CM_06 Terminals SHOULD have programming interfaces APIs to control and or manage WLAN connection TSG22_R2_CM_07 The pre installed connection management client on the terminal SHOULD be based on the API offered TSG22_R2_CM_08 Terminals SHOULD offer API fully compliant with the OMA OpenCMAPI on WLAN management TSG22 R2 CM 09 Terminals SHALL support a mechanism that can automatically stop the oS search for available WLAN access network for the following reasons Flight mode enabled Low battery capacity Terminals have established a connection with an AP 4 2 Network Discovery Constant scanning for detection of a hotspot may place a heavy toll on the battery life of a Smartphone Terminals should implement periodic scanning algorithms that preserve battery life The scanning algorithm should take into account Passpoint network discovery Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_CM_10 Terminals SHALL be able to provide detailed information per network identifier discovered such as signal strength security methods type of authentication credentials used known or unknown network to the user and or application TSG22_R2_CM_11 Terminals SHALL support a WLAN network discovery mechanism that preserves battery life TSG22_R2_CM_12 Terminals SHOULD be able to listen amp report events to an upper layer e g Ul s
55. minals SHALL allow the user to provision network identifiers e g SSID credentials and priorities TSG22_ R2_CM_04 If the user manually provisions configurations in the terminal they SHALL be stored in the USIM if the corresponding files are available otherwise in the terminal 4 Connection Management 4 1 Connection Management Client Connection management clients interface between several layers providing an intuitive means of managing connectivity preferences and networks The implementation will vary per operating system and manufacturer but most of the work of the client should be to use API calls rather than issuing low level calls itself This will make the build of clients easier and more uniform throughout terminals and operating systems Connection management clients are in charge of managing all connections In the context of this document the connection management client or application manages different WLAN network connections based on the terminal status connection conditions operator policies and user profiles associated with these connections The following are examples of connection management APIs that terminals could implement to improve WLAN management e Turn on and turn off the WLAN including support of flight mode where flight mode means that electronic devices SHALL have the functionality to turn off wireless modules in case the transmitting and receiving of the wireless signals impacts the s
56. nection manager The terminal sends a connexion request The hotspot considers that the radio condition or the Quality of connection is not good enough and sends an error message to the terminal to block any connexion While still connected to the cellular network the device scans for hotspots in the location After a while the device found another hotspot and send a new request The hotspot accept the connection The terminal switches to WLAN on that hotspot wh ONO V2 0 Page 45 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Document Management Document History Version Date Brief Description of Change Approval Editor Company Authority 1 0 14 May Submitted to DAG and EMC for William S Yu Smart 2012 approval final approval date 7 Communications June 2012 EMC Francis A Tuazon Smart Communications 1 1 13 October Addition of agreed and agreed Stephen McCann 2012 with minimum changes for Research in Motion version 2 Change Requests TSG PSMC Ellen H Encinares CRs from October 2012 Smart Communications 2 0 4 July Addition of agreed change John Nickalls NEC 2013 requests for version 2 from Stephen McCann November 2012 May 2013 Research in Motion TSG PSMC_ Ellen H Encinares Smart Communications Carolyn Heide Ruckus Other Information It is our intention to provide a quality product for
57. nnected to Passpoint APs Status about authentication success and failure may also be indicated on the device If the WLAN connection is insecure a notification message should be displayed to the user when a terminal associates with AP for the first time If the WLAN connection is secure i e AP is Passpoint compliant or supports WPA2 Enterprise and EAP authentication over IEEE 802 1X an icon indicating a secure connection should be visible to the user e g padlock layered on WLAN signal strength icon If the WLAN connection is insecure a notification message should be displayed to the user when a terminal associates with the AP for the first time Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_USE_4 Terminals that have a UI User Interface SHALL indicate the status of the terminal connection TSG22_R2_USE_5 Terminals SHOULD offer programming interfaces providing Status Information to applications TSG22_R2_USE_6 Terminals SHOULD offer API fully compliant with the OMA OpenCMAPI on Status Information amp notifications functions TSG22_R2_USE_7 Link status information from a Passpoint AP MAY be used to improve link status information presented to the user or applications 7 3 Authentication Architecture Overload Data Prevention In some networks EAP authentication could be reserved for some tariff plans for marketing reasons e g no WLAN access for basic offers Hence some terminals could be parameterise
58. ntent filtering Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_USE_19 Terminals SHALL support a mechanism for Parental Control for access to unsuitable web content for children TSG22_R2_USE_20 Terminals SHOULD have their native internet browsers to support parental control TSG22_R2_USE_21 Terminals SHOULD restrict download of third party browsers without parental control feature TSG22_R2_USE_22 Terminals MAY support a mechanism to lock unlock the unlicensed radio access to the internet Note There is no specification of a standard terminal assisted parental control mechanism currently available in the industry and terminal implementations are expected to track the outcome of on going and completed work in this area between a number of high profile industry and regulatory bodies including in Europe the European Commission The requirements on the characteristics of a parental control mechanism in this document are guidelines and may be superseded or complemented by industry norms on parental control mechanisms for the terminal and or content filtering norms for the content delivery infrastructure developed by such committees V2 0 Page 25 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Annex A Future Work WLAN as a standard feature for radio access in mobile devices terminals continues to evolve in features and technology This section pr
59. ociation Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Table of Contents 1 9 Introduction 1 1 Purpose 1 2 Scope and Objective 1 3 Definition of Terms 1 4 Reference Documents Alignment with Wi Fi Alliance Certification Programmes 2 1 Wi Fi Alliance Certification Programmes 2 2 Wi Fi Certified Wi Fi Direct 2 3 Supported Bands WLAN Policy Provisioning 3 1 Operator Policy Provisioning 3 2 User Manual Provisioning Connection Management 4 1 Connection Management Client 4 2 Network Discovery 4 3 WLAN Radio Link and Connection Quality 4 4 Intermittent WLAN Connectivity 4 5 WLAN Access Network Selection 4 6 Managing Radio Connections based on Multiple Access Technologies 4 7 Traffic management across RATs Security 5 1 Authentication Protocols 5 1 1 EAP SIM EAP AKA EAP AKA 5 1 2 IEEE 802 1X 5 2 WLAN Over the Air Security 5 3 Roaming Relationships and IEEE 802 11u Wi Fi Protected Setup WPS User Interface 7 1 WLAN On Off Function Accessibility 7 2 Status Information 7 3 Authentication Architecture Overload Data Prevention Power Management 8 1 Power Save Mechanisms 8 2 Idle Power Management Parental Control Annex A Future Work V2 0 A 1 Handover between 3GPP Cellular and WLAN networks A 2 WLAN Network Management and Troubleshooting A 3 WLAN Antenna Performance A 4 Partial Support for 3GPP TS 24 234 A 5 Updates driven in related standardisation bodi
60. ovides guidance on future work it lists topics which were raised but are not mature enough for complete consideration in the main body yet These topics are expected for further assessment and consideration in future work and following versions A 1 Handover between 3GPP Cellular and WLAN networks Including support for operator network policies e g through use of ANDSF A 2 WLAN Network Management and Troubleshooting Through adoption of relevant IEEE Standards support the gathering and use of diagnostic information QoS statistics and radio environment measurements to quickly resolve connectivity problems identify coverage holes in the WLAN network improve the user experience and enable effective interference management and load balancing For large scale WLAN hotspot network deployments it is important that the hotspot network administrator can collect information from the terminal that can assist with diagnosing connectivity problems assessing user experience and improving the hotspot network coverage and capacity Terminals with WLAN shall be configurable to provide diagnostic information to the network e g configuration information as per IEEE 802 11 standards refer to Section 4 3 13 6 of IEEE 802 11 2012 in order to allow the network administrator to troubleshoot connectivity problems Moreover for network monitoring purposes and capacity analysis purposes terminals shall support the following IEEE 802 11 features e IEEE
61. rchitecture Evolution SAE Security aspects of non 3GPP accesses IEEE 802 11 2012 IEEE 802 11 2012 Part 11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications Path MTU Discovery for IP version RFC 1981 Source http www ietf org ric ric1981 txt RFC 2460 Internet Protocol Version 6 IPv6 Source http tools ietf org pdf rfc2460 pdf V2 0 Page 8 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Service for IPv6 RFC 3736 Source http tools ietf org html rfc3736 Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP RFC 3748 Source http tools ietf org pdf rfc3748 pdf Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Network VPN Terminology RFC 4026 Source http tools ietf org pdf rfc4026 pdf Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for Global System for Mobile RFC 4186 Communications GSM Subscriber Identity Modules EAP SIM Source http tools ietf org pdf ric4186 pdf Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3rd Generation Authentication BEG IES and Key Agreement EAP AKA Source http tools ietf org pdf ric4187 pdf Internet Control Message Protocol ICMPv6 for the Internet Protocol Version 6 RFC 4443 IPv6 Source http tools ietf org html rfc4443 Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 IPv6 RFC 4861 i Source
62. rvice agreement V2 0 Page 36 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 9 3 Sequence of Events AON 5 Connected to 3G e Wi Fi gt 2 Pee te a VISITED _ Internet Intranet Detects Wi Fi Connect to Wi Fi o ate A a Wi Fi Provider Figure 9 Example 7 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the visited operator s network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects WLAN network User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the WLAN provider Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network B 10 Device concurrently connected with cellular network and WLAN B 10 1 Description An operator may decide to perform selective offload to WLAN traffic that provides little or null revenues which will keep using cellular networks to exchange traffic providing higher revenues Nevertheless the user experience concerning the offloaded traffic should not be affected therefore the quality of the WLAN link needs to be taken into account B 10 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how the device connects concurrently to WLAN and cellular networks and exchanges traffic through both accesses concurrently B 10 3 Sequence of Events 1 arwn User and network operator provides the device with their traffic rou
63. sited network She opted to connect to the WLAN and began to browse her social network account for updates B 4 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by the visited operator while roaming into a visited 3G network V2 0 Page 31 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 4 3 Sequence of Events Choose Wi Fi Connected to 3G P a VISITED A Detects Wi Fi Authenticate Connect to Wi Fi Internet Intranet Figure 4 Example 2 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to a visited operator s network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects a WLAN network provided by the visited operator User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the visited operator 5 Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network POL B 5 Visited 3G to Home WLAN User decides to switch from 3G which is provided by the visited operator to WLAN which is provided by the user s home operator B 5 1 Description Cheryl recently migrated to another country and was still using her old phone and subscription from her home country She was walking around when a familiar logo greets her The sign indicated a WLAN service provided by the operator from her home country Knowing s
64. st priority when evaluating inputs for WLAN access technology selection TSG22_R2_CM_ 22 Amongst policies for WLAN network selection within terminal memory terminals SHOULD consider policies received from the cellular network operator with highest priority unless overridden by user preference settings TSG22_R2_CM_23 Terminals SHALL be able to support the association on a Network Identifier visible or not Note This version of the specification does not consider the output of the 3GPP Release 12 WLAN Network Selection work item 4 6 Managing Radio Connections based on Multiple Access Technologies Cellular network operators would like to effectively manage the distribution of data traffic between the cellular network and WLAN network in order to maximise the overall system capacity whilst not compromising the user experience In order to achieve those objectives it is required that the terminal can offload a data flow from cellular to WLAN as well as switch the data flow back from WLAN to cellular If the terminal has more than one data flow e g from different applications running in parallel on the terminal it is also required that the terminal can maintain both the cellular connection and WLAN connection to allow distribution of the separate flows on different access technologies The cellular network operator may provide the terminal with policies can be subscription specific policies that indicate for example
65. ted Setup certifies products which implement technology defined in the Wi Fi Simple Configuration Technical Specification Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_WFA_01 Terminals SHOULD be IEEE 802 11n capable TSG22_R2_WFA_02 Terminals SHALL be Wi Fi CERTIFIED WPA2 with Protected Management Frames TSG22_R2_WFA_03 Terminals SHALL be Wi Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint TSG22_R2_WFA_04 Terminals SHOULD be Wi Fi CERTIFIED Voice Enterprise TSG22_R2_WFA_05 Terminals SHOULD be Wi Fi CERTIFIED WMM Power Save TSG22_R2_WFA_06 Terminals SHALL be Wi Fi CERTIFIED Wi Fi Protected Setup The Wi Fi Alliance certification programs are located at http www wi fi org certification programs 2 2 Wi Fi Certified Wi Fi Direct Wi Fi CERTIFIED Wi Fi Direct Wi Fi Direct is a certification mark for WLAN client devices that connect directly without use of an AP to enable applications such as printing content sharing and display Wi Fi Direct certifies products which implement technology defined in the Wi Fi Alliance Peer to Peer Technical Specification see www wi fi org wi fi_direct php Mobile phones cameras printers PCs and gaming devices can connect to each other directly to transfer content and share applications quickly and easily Devices can make a one to one connection or a group of several devices can connect simultaneously Connecting Wi Fi Direct devices is easy and simple in many cases only requiring t
66. the device at intervals V2 0 Page 43 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals 4 Upon reaching a certain battery level threshold the device notifies the user through beeps or icons the low battery level and implements battery saving measures 5 User disables the battery saving mode through an application or device setting interface 6 User continues using the device at low battery levels 7 User decides to enable battery saving and turn off the WLAN from the device interfaces C 12 Use Case Child safe Online Content C 12 1 Description Abigail just got her new mobile device from her mother as a birthday gift She immediately connected to 3G set up her chats and social networking accounts and sent a shout out to her friends A naughty friend of hers sent her a link and asked her to open it and check it out She clicked it and was surprised that it displayed a page informing her that she is not allowed to access the content She tried to browse her accounts on several social networking sites but encountered no such problem She decided to go to nearby fast food chain and connect to the free WLAN She tries to browse the link given to her but was still unable to do so Beforehand her mother knowing she is a tech savvy turned on the parental control on the device before wrapping it up C 12 2 Background The intent of this use case is to illustr
67. ting policies e g the operator indicate to the device to use WLAN for http traffic to a media content server X Mobile device is connected to the cellular network WLAN network is detected Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network while keeping the connection with cellular network optionally Mobile device checks that WLAN link and network capability is good enough for http traffic to a media content server Mobile device routes traffic to the media content server X through WLAN and uses the cellular network for all the other traffic V2 0 Page 37 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Annex C Usability Use Cases C 1 Use Case Connect to a Home Service Provider s hotspot with no intervention C 1 1 Description Charles a happy iConnect subscriber is going back home after a long day at work His terminal has been connected all day to various hotspots He wants to show some pictures stored in his mobile terminal on the home DLNA TV screen and play some music in the background His terminal connects automatically without any action from Charles to the home AP Later Charles will look for a video and will display it on his mobile terminal C 1 2 Background This use case aims to show that at home a user must be connected to his private access hotspot which offers
68. ting to a WLANnetwork that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the USIM V2 0 Page 20 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Req ID Requirement TSG22_R2_SEC_01 Terminals SHALL support EAP SIM EAP AKA and EAP AKA TSG22_ R2_SEC_02 Terminals with SIM inserted and activated SHALL use EAP SIM to authenticate with a WLAN network that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the SIM TSG22_R2_SEC_03 Terminals with UICC inserted and USIM selected SHALL by default use either EAP AKA or EAP AKA to authenticate with a WLAN network that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the USIM TSG22_R2_SEC_04 It SHALL be possible for the operator to configure whether terminals with USIM inserted and USIM selected are allowed to use EAP SIM when supported by the USIM when connecting to a WLANnetwork that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the USIM This might be for example in the factory or by another method Note This is to cover the case where the HPLMN AAA does not support EAP AKA TSG22_R2_SEC_05 It SHALL be possible for the operator to configure whether terminals with USIM inserted shall use EAP AKA or EAP AKA when connecting to a WLAN network that has a roaming agreement either direct or v
69. tion Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals Terminals should be IEEE 802 11n capable The majority of smartphones certified by the WFA in the first half of 2012 were certified for IEEE 802 11n IEEE 802 11n provides higher throughput and since the radio channel is shared by the Access Point and terminals the channel capacity improves for all devices Terminals shall be Wi Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint Passpoint Passpoint certifies that products implement the technology defined in the Wi Fi Alliance Hotspot 2 0 Release 1 Technical Specification This technology enables mobile devices to automatically discover and connect to WLANs and automatically configures industry standard WPA2 security protections without user intervention Passpoint certification also requires WFA baseline certification as a pre requisite For terminals which are IEEE 802 11n capable the WFA baseline certification requires terminals to be Wi Fi CERTIFIED n In addition the IEEE 802 11n certification includes WPA2 Wi Fi Protected Access 2 and Wi Fi Multimedia WMM testing WPA2 testing and certification provides WLAN network security offering government grade security mechanisms for personal enterprise and hotspot deployments The WMM certification provides support for multimedia content over WLAN networks enabling WLAN networks to prioritize traffic generated by different applications using Qualit
70. uch as new available network loss of network 4 3 WLAN Radio Link and Connection Quality On most terminal devices once WLAN is detected the terminal defaults to use the WLAN connection to provide data connectivity to applications Unfortunately being connected to the AP does not necessarily mean that there is data connectivity to the Internet or that the connectivity will provide adequate user experience Terminals should consider information on AP air interface loading e g BSS load information which may be advertised in beacons information on backhaul status of a AP e g Passpoint WAN metrics information which may be obtained via a ANQP query and information on radio conditions e g received RSSI level of AP and interference conditions to avoid connection to a AP with no connectivity or which is not suitable to provide basic connectivity The criteria defining a suitable AP may be default criteria in the terminal and should include at least a minimum RSSI level a maximum channel utilisation value for air V2 0 Page 14 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals interface loading as defined by BSS load information in IEEE 802 11 and a minimum backhaul bandwidth threshold The available backhaul bandwidth may be derived from information received in Passpoint WAN metrics Information element These criteria may also be preconfigured by t
71. urbs when she walks by a coffee shop She notices that the place offers WLAN provided by her home network She connects to the hotspot and starts uploading her pictures B 3 2 Background This use case illustrates the process on how users devices connect to a hotspot provided by the home operator V2 0 Page 30 of 46 GSM Association Non confidential Official Document TS 22 Recommendations for Minimal Wi Fi Capabilities of Terminals B 3 3 Sequence of Events Choose WiFi Connected to 3G P A Detects Wi Fi Authenticate Connect to Wi Fi _ Internet Intranet Figure 3 Example 1 Radio Access Network Connection Switching Mobile device is connected to the user s home operator network and is currently in 3G Mobile device detects a WLAN network provided by the user s home operator User decides to switch to the WLAN network Mobile device is authenticated and authorized to use the WLAN network by the home operator 5 Mobile device is now connected to the WLAN network AON B 4 Visited 3G to Visited WLAN User decides to switch from 3G which is provided by the visited operator to WLAN which is also provided by the visited operator B 4 1 Description Lea arrived at the airport for a week long vacation Turning her phone on the phone connects to the roaming network Incidentally her WLAN radio is on and the device prompted her that a WLAN network is available It is a network provided by the same vi
72. urrent WLAN and cellular mobile network access for data services TSG22_R2_CM_40 Terminal SHALL keep the 3GPP mobile network connection e g PDP contexts during WLAN access TSG22_R2_CM_41 The terminal SHALL send DHCP Release message to AP to release its IP address in the following circumstances Users disconnect from applications Users switch from the current network identifier to another Users turn WLAN off Users turn Flight Mode on when one network identifier is connected PONS TSG22_R2_CM_42 Terminals SHOULD implement the IETF RFC 4436 Detecting Network Attachment in IPv4 DNAv4 When implemented the mechanism SHALL be applied every time a radio link to a new AP is established even if the identity or network identifier e g SSID of the AP does not change 5 Security 5 1 Authentication Protocols 5 1 1 EAP SIM EAP AKA EAP AKA In order to support a seamless authentication experience in WLAN it is a requirement to provide consistent support for the appropriate authentication mechanisms There are U SIM based and non U SIM based authentication mechanisms available to authenticate on WLAN networks GSMA member operators require that U SIM based authentication shall be used by a terminal with U SIM to authenticate on a WLAN network that has a roaming agreement either direct or via a VPLMN with the HPLMN of the U SIM GSMA operators believe that U SIM based authentication can increase WLAN us
73. y of Service QoS mechanisms WMM certifies products which implement technology defined in the WMM Technical Specification For terminals which are not IEEE 802 11n capable the WFA baseline consists of two separate certifications the IEEE 802 11 certification for radio types of IEEE 802 11a IEEE 802 116 IEEE 802 119 with WPA2 and the WMM certification Terminals need to be Wi Fi CERTIFIED WPA2 with Protected Management Frames PMF which provides a WPA2 level of protection for unicast and multicast management action frames Protection of management frames prevents attacks in which a wireless attacker forges frames mimicking an AP and transmits them to a victim terminal Without PMF this attack could cause the victim terminal for example to disassociate from a WLAN network tear down a QoS flow etc Terminals should support IEEE 802 11r Fast Transition in order to significantly reduce the load on a Mobile Network Service Providers MNSP s HLR HSS Note that terminals using WPA2 Enterprise with EAP SIM EAP AKA or EAP AKA authenticate with their home AAA server every time the mobile transitions from one AP to another within the same WLAN network Terminals using IEEE 802 11r authenticate to their home AAA server only on the first authentication with the WLAN network all subsequent authentications are handled locally Example deployments where the use of IEEE 802 11r can dramatically reduce the load on the MNSP s HLR HSS include

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