AN4453, Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers
Contents
1. Freescale Semiconductor Application Note Document Number AN4453 Rev 0 2 2012 Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers by Norman Guo 1 Introduction This application note describes the operation fundamentals of a smart card and how to use an MCU to communicate with it For ease of use a graphic user interface GUI is provided as an example This application note describes the operation fundamentals of a smart card and how to use an MCU to communicate with it For ease of use a graphic user interface GUI is provided as an example There are many types of IC cards The communication method determines if the cards are contact cards or contactless wireless cards Implanted chips determine if the cards are memory cards with only memory or CPU cards which are implanted with CPU A CPU card or smart card has a CPU memory and I O on it It runs a COS Card Operating System to manage these resources Different manufactures may adopt different card operating systems This application note is based on a widely used CPU card made by Watchdata It is a contact type card running TimeCOS The ISO 7816 standard defines the necessary protocols to communicate with a smart card Although the communication software is tested with TimeCOS the basic communication protocol ISO 7816 T 0 implemented in this application note is common with all smart cards 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc Contents BUCO i2. ISO IEC 7816 4 specifies organization security and commands for interchange Because ISO7816 protocols use bi directional half duplex transmission the SCI module on Freescale MCUs can be easily configured to fit The SCI can be configured to a single wire mode to implement a half duplex serial connection with a smart card In this mode the pin TxD is controlled by software as output or input The TPM module can be configured to provide the clock signal to the smart card 2 2 Electrical interface Cl YCC GHD Co C2 KSI YPF Cf C3 CLE I O CT C4 EFU RFU C8 Figure 1 Position of the pads on a smart card Signal definitions VCC Power supply to the smart card RST Reset signal goes into the smart card CLK Clock signal goes into the smart card GND Ground O Bi direction signal for serial data RFU Reserved for future use Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 2 Freescale Semiconductor Inc SOUS SOS IS07816 Introduction The cards are contained in three classes based on operating voltage e Class A 5 V e Class B 3 V e Class C 1 8 V 2 3 Character frame One character is composed of 10 bits and each bit is transmitted as I O in one Elementary Time Unit ETU One ETU is determined by the frequency of CLK f clock rate conversion integer Fi and baud rate adjustment integer Di LETU EX 4 DL lt CL Pe Fi and Di are encoded in TAi refer to Answ
3. PC saves the APDU commands in the command buffer and sets a flag of command received In the main loop when smart card module finds this flag set it will parse the APDU command send it to the smart card and get response from the smart card It then stores the optional response data and mandatory status bytes in response buffer The USB module sends the response back to the PC Besides the control end point EPO four end points are implemented a Size n Interrupt used to send a toggle data to the MCU periodically to inform the MCU the USB link is good The MCU will toggle an LED when receiving the toggling data Interrupt used to inform the application software on the PC that events occurred In the example code when the smart card is inserted or removed from the slot the application software on the PC will be informed through this pipe used to send response APDU from smart card to PC The first byte in APDU command and response buffer is the length of the command or the response For example a pair of command and response in the buffer may look like APDU command buffer O05 00 84 00 00 04 APDU response buffer O 92 87 FC 2D 90 00 This is a command Get Challenge to get random data from the smart card In the command buffer e 05 is the length of the command e 00 CLA e 84 INS e 00 PI e 00 P2 e 04Le In the response buffer e 6 is the length of the response including data and status bytes e 92 87 FC and 2D are
4. Response Data e Optional Body Trailer APDU Response Data Besides the normal response the card may also respond e SW1 SW2 0x6700 which indicates the process aborted because the expected length Le is wrong e SW1 SW2 0x6CXX which indicates the process aborted Le was not accepted and a new length XX is indicated The reader shall issue the same command with XX e SWI SW2 Ox9XXX except 0x9000 SW and SW2 should be mapped to the response APDU without any change Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc Smard Card COS Case 3 The command has command header and data field The response only has trailer no Data field Header 3 Body mm srpuconmna crams n rz w Daw Heade r Body I TPDU Command CLA INS P1 P2 JP3 Le Data L Trailer TPDU Response t Trailer APDU Response Case 4 The command has command header and data field The response has Data field and trailer i Header __ _____ Body 4 sepvconmant cua ms p1 rz w mm te i Header Body 34 TPDU Command cLA INS Pl P2 paete Daa t Trailer TPDU Response SYV1 53V2 0 9000 E Header 3 TPDU Command ca INS Pl P2 Pate INS Get Response e Body Traile
5. for surgical implant into the body or other applications intended to support or sustain life or for any other application in which failure of the Freescale Semiconductor product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur Should Buyer purchase or use Freescale Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify Freescale Semiconductor and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims costs damages and expenses and reasonable attorney fees arising out of directly or indirectly any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claims alleges that Freescale Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part RoHS compliant and or Pb free versions of Freescale products have the functionality and electrical characteristics as their non RoHS complaint and or non Pb free counterparts For further information see http www freescale com or contact your Freescale sales representative For information on Freescale s Environmental Products program go to http www freescale com epp Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor Inc All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc o freescale v
6. Center 1 800 441 2447 or 1 303 675 2140 Fax 1 303 675 2150 LDCForFreescaleSemiconductor hibbertgroup com Document Number AN4453 Rev 0 2 2012 Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductors products There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any liability including without limitation consequential or incidental damages Typical parameters that may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time All operating parameters including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customer s technical experts Freescale Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others Freescale Semiconductor products are not designed intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended
7. PC and the demo run for the first time it will prompt to install a USB driver Choose the option Install from a list or specific location Advanced and then navigate to the folder where the driver is provided to finish the installation Open the GUI on the PC and click the command buttons as needed for demonstration purposes Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 16 Freescale Semiconductor Inc Conclusion Smart Card Reader V0 1 Sel Connect USE Connected Card Inserted Get Challenge Data 5C 1D F5 E5 2C 3B 51 5C Write EF Read EF 001122334455667 7889944BB CCD DE EFF secuts 00 84 00 00 08 Data AS ID E4E6 B3S3 EU 35 Sw 30 Swe O IS07816 compatible commands can be executed See the following list for examples For more commands refer to the 1SO7816 protocol Get challenge 8 bytes 00 84 00 00 08 Get challenge 4 bytes 00 84 00 00 04 e Select MF 00 A4 00 00 02 3F 00 Get Response 00 CO 00 00 12 e Select ED 00 A4 00 00 02 00 10 Update binary 00 D6 90 00 OA 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 6 Conclusion This application note makes a brief introduction of ISO7816 and uses the SCI in single wire mode to emulate the protocol It implements the basic communication protocol of ISO 7816 T 0 and provides some examples of inter operation with COS Other commands can also be manually input on the GUI that can be sent to the smart card and a response will be dis
8. ader receives the status bytes SW and SW2 The following is a list of some typical status bytes e 0x9000 Command executed correctly e 0x61 XX SW2 encodes the number of bytes still available to be transmitted e Ox6E00 CLA not supported e Qx6D00 Instruction code not supported or invalid Please refer to ISO 7816 for more detailed descriptions Transmission Protocol Data Unit TPDU The command header with its optional data bytes is named command TPDU The response optional data bytes with mandatory status bytes is named response TPDU The following figure shows how the reader sends data to a smart card using T 0 protocol Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 7 ISO7816 Introduction mart Card Reader Smart Card e Header 3 commana TPDUs eta ws m rz rs P d pe Body y DATA Optional number specified hy P3 Response TPDU 2 4 6 T 1 For T 1 protocol the basic unit to be transmitted is a block A block frame includes a mandatory prologue field an optional information field and a mandatory epilogue field The epilogue includes the Node Address NAD byte which indicates the source and destination address of the block Protocol Control Byte PCB which is used to control the transmission and Length LEN byte which indicates the number of bytes in the info
9. col normally using ISO7816 T 0 is mandatory and T 1 is optional It should ensure the integrity of the transmission data Command interpreter This module interprets the received commands and jumps to the appropriate function modules After executing the commands it sends back status bytes indicating the result and may also send back data as required Security control The security module protects the card from unauthorized access It can assign different levels of access rights for different files File management This module is responsible for organizing and managing the data stored in the card Three types of files which are Master file MF Dedicated file DF and Elementary file EF are used to structure the file system 3 2 File System The application data is stored in the smart card in a file structure There are three types of files Master File MF Dedicated File DF Elementary File EF Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 11 Hardware Circuit Each card has only one MF which is the root of the file system The MF may contain DFs and EFs A DF can be an application DF that is hosting an application or a parent that contains DFs It can also contain zero or more EFs The EF is the unit to store application data Each file has a unique identifier that can be used to select it The MF has a reserved identifier Ox3FOO It can be referenced dire
10. conversion determined by TS The TS has two possible patterns e HLHHLLLLLLH indicates an inverse convention L presents bit 1 H presents bit 0 MSB transmitted first In this case the SCI receives TS and decodes it as Ox3F e HLHHLHHHLLH indicates a direct convention H presents bit 1 L presents bit 0 LSB transmitted first In this case the SCI receives TS and decodes it as Ox3B H L H H L ILL or HIH L LH TO TO Y1 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 indicates the presence of TAI TBI TCI TDI For example Bit5 1 then TAI present Bit5 0 then TA1 absent Bit6 is for TBI Bit7 for TC1 and Bit8 for TDI K is the number of historical characters Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 5 ISO7816 Introduction se scu cdi us E 1 _ _ Kk Interface bytes TAi TBi TCi and TDi Yi Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 of TDi indicates the presence of TA TB TC j 4 TD i41 If TDi is absent then TA TB 4 TC TD are all absent T Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bitl of TDi is used to indicate a transmission protocol qualify interface bytes For example T 0 refers to the half duplex protocol transmitting characters T 1 refers to the half duplex protocol transmitting blocks TAi TBi TCi encodes the clock rate conversion integer Fi the value of the baud rate adjustment integer D1 the maximum value of the frequency supported f max and extra guide time N Historical b
11. ctly anywhere in the file structure When compared with the DOS file system MF is like the root directory DF is like the directory and EF is like the file within the directory The file can be operated by issuing APDU commands For example the command Read Binary can be used to read back the contents of a specific file referenced by file ID APDU command for Read Binary EF 00 BO 90 00 10 CLA 00 indicates it is an inter industry class INS BO itis the ISO command code for binary file reading e P 90 0510010000 bit8 is set to 1 which makes bit5 to bit 1 the short file ID 0x10 P2 00 read start from offset 00 Le 10 number of bytes expected to be returned 4 Hardware Circuit 4 1 Hardware Introduction The hardware circuit for the smart card reader is based on the demo board DEMOJM The MCU is MC9SO8JM60 SCII is configured as single wire mode and TxD1 is used to communicate with the card s I O In design practice a parity error rarely happens when an MCU communicates with a smart card so the retransmission of a character on parity error is not implemented in this example TPM1 channel 0 is used to provide a clock to the card All wires connected to the smart card slot are from jumper J1 Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 12 Freescale Semiconductor Inc Hardware Circuit e PTEO TxD1 is connected to I O through a series resistor e PTE2 TPMICHO is connected to CLK PTE3 is c
12. eee eee l 1907815 I oscri o f 2 1 ISO7816 protocols overview 2 2x lm oil re a orc mer E nna 2 Po Ge eee eee 3 2 4 Transmission level protocol 3 2 5 Application level transmission 8 eut 26 Gt 1411 4 RU eee ener ee Teeter Perera 10 Sh i aie 10 Ja 0 occi IH 1 a ite use coe LOUER Maen en noe te yee seer Cele STR E OE ORe re ae 12 4 1 Hardware Introduction 12 QUMERE 0 CL 6 mtt 13 E ar 15 Hu E a 15 ae T oon memo 15 243 WR RPI the dain erineisccctnnbivnedcadeiededs 16 C is aes pues unse Jaca nesicace MR thue PANE prO RR CA RIP inccceceewcss 17 Ga E o uin eripe iini beds 17 za DN ISO7816 Introduction This application note provides hardware circuit and software source codes for the card operation A PC GUI is also provided and uses a specific USB driver to communicate with the smart card reader by USB Integrated Circuit Cards Interface Device CCID is not covered in this application note 2 SO7816 Introduction 2 1 19807816 protocols overview The electric interface of contact cards and communication protocol are defined in ISO7816 Here are some parts of the protocols SO IEC 7816 1 specifies physical characteristics for cards with contacts e ISO IEC 7816 2 specifies dimensions and location of the contacts SO IEC 7816 3 specifies electrical interface and transmission protocols for asynchronous cards e
13. er To Reset default values are Fi 372 Di 1 If a 1 5 MHz CLK is used by default 1 ETU 372 1 1 1 5 MHz 248 us You should configure the baud rate of the communication port as 4032 bps 1 248 us Bt e Start Parity The character is transmitted on the bidirectional I O Because it is a half duplex channel the reader and card cannot send data at the same time If there is a parity error in a byte transmission the receiver shall send an error signal by pulling the I O line low at 10 5x0 2 ETU for duration of 1 to 2 ETU which leads to a resend of the same data byte 2 4 Transmission level protocol When a smart card is inserted into the smart card reader and contacts are connected the following procedures should be conducted to operate and exchange information with it Activation Activate the smart card Receive Answer To Reset ATR information Exchange Information Exchange information with the card based on T 0 half duplex transmission of characters or T 1 half duplex transmission of blocks protocol Deactivation Deactivate the smart card The following sections contain more detailed descriptions 2 4 1 Activation When the reader detects the insertion of a card it applies power to it Refer to the following figure for a cold reset The minimum clock frequency f should be 1 MHz and the maximum is 5 MHz After RST is released to logic high the ATR should c
14. ion Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 6 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 22 LLL SSS SS aes IS07816 Introduction Indicates the number of bytes to be transferred during the command CLA indicates the class of command If Bit8 0 then it is an inter industry class else it is a proprietary class Values 000x xxxx and O1xx xxxx are commonly used classes The INS byte tells the card what to do For example OxEO means create file OxE4 means delete file and OxDO means write binary P1 P2 are parameters for the command For example P1 P2 provide the file ID when executing a create file instruction P3 indicates the number of bytes to be transmitted If the reader is sending data to the card P320 means no data to be transmitted If the reader is reading data from the card P320 means there are 256 bytes to be read Procedure bytes After sending the command header the reader will receive a procedure byte before deciding what to do next If the byte is 0x60 the reader deems it as a NULL byte and takes no action Wait for a procedure byte e 0x6X except 0x60 or 0x9X the reader deems it as the first status byte SW and takes no action Wait for the second status byte SW2 the same as the transmitted instruction byte INS then it is an ACK byte All remaining bytes should be transmitted If the value is the exclusive OR with sent INS one remaining next byte should be transmitted Status bytes In the last phase the re
15. ome from the card within a 400 f and 40000 f period of time If the ATR does not come the reader should apply a deactivation Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 3 IEEE X a 1 IS07816 Introduction VCC CLK Rp T 1 0 Answer to reset 2 4 2 Deactivation The following figure should be followed to deactivate the smart card VCC RST db 1 0 The reader should assert the RST first then stop CLK and finally power off the smart card 2 4 3 Answer To Reset After cold reset the reader will receive ATR which has a maximum length of 33 bytes The following table is a typical list of the characters that should be included in ATR Table 1 Sample ATR pomme Been Format byte mandatory Encodes Y1 and K Table continues on the next page Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 4 Freescale Semiconductor Inc ees IS07816 Introduction Table 1 Sample ATR continued ERE NENNEN NN EE 0 EM and T LEN NN Check byte conditional a o Check character Following is a brief introduction of these bytes For more detailed descriptions please refer to the protocol ISO 7816 TS Historical bytes optional The bits of a byte are transmitted on the I O clocked by CLK using either direct conversion or inverse
16. onnected to RST e VSS is connected to GND VDD goes through a transistor BC807 to the card s VCC The card s power supply is controlled by PTGO PTGI KBIPI is connected to the normal open switch on the slot When a card inserted into the slot the switch will close which forces PTGI KBIPI to low This 1s used to detect the insertion of a smart card The DEMOJM is configured in device mode Please refer to its user manual for a detailed description of the configuration and jumper settings Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 13 4 2 Schematics Hardware Circuit LOXL O3Ld N3v 3H CX0 WIONSQ TE au IN H Eat 901d e tld W CA ld rid m EN ild Ll RC i iu cald _ 8 s Ald la op La Qv ad A TVIXISDId Orde daS d Ce i ee REA i R STA TOSI AOV SAY OAL Li cann Eon 4 HOWL aaa VL OH NNALtdLd rma t OHI Wd Ligald HO bald Led Lu Jcaqv dig a1d L JraQv da 1d i MOTHERS m TSSA DINALE cQ COSISCRLd tDIKdL C314 Lag 1014 SoA M hla Ld f E d 1 Normal open switch SSA cour i Freescale Semiconductor Inc Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 14 Software 5 Software 5 1 Firmware There are two main functional modules in the firmware One is the USB module which receives commands sent from the
17. played The source codes are provided and can be easily migrated to other MCUs such as the Kinetis family which has IS07816 compatible UART 7 References Datasheet MC9SO8JM60 DEMOJMUM AC133 HandsonWorkshopHowToMakeaGraphicalUserInterfaceforY ourUSB Application Watchdata TimeCOS Reference Manual Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 17 How to Reach Us Home Page www freescale com Web Support http www freescale com support USA Europe or Locations Not Listed Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center EL516 2100 East Elliot Road Tempe Arizona 85284 1 800 521 6274 or 1 480 768 2130 www freescale com support Europe Middle East and Africa Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH Technical Information Center Schatzbogen 7 81829 Muenchen Germany 44 1296 380 456 English 46 8 52200080 English 49 89 92103 559 German 33 1 69 35 48 48 French www freescale com support Japan Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd Headquarters ARCO Tower 15F 1 8 1 Shimo Meguro Meguro ku Tokyo 153 0064 Japan 0120 191014 or 81 3 5437 9125 support japan freescale com Asia Pacific Freescale Semiconductor China Ltd Exchange Building 23F No 118 Jianguo Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100022 China 86 10 5879 8000 support asia freescale com For Literature Requests Only Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution
18. r APDU Response Data After the reader issues the first TPDU with P3 Lc the response TPDU may be SW1 SW2 0x9000 as shown in the figure It is also possible to receive the following responses e SWI SW2 with SW 0x6X except 0x61 0x62 0x63 Indicates the process is aborted e SWI SW2 with SW 0x61 then SW2 which indicates the number of extra bytes available for retrieve The reader should use the INS Get Response command with the smaller one of Le and SW2 to receive the data e SWI SW2 0x62XX or 0x63XX or Ox9XXX except 0x9000 This response TPDU should be mapped to response APDU without any change 3 Smard Card COS Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 10 Freescale Semiconductor Inc oy Smard Card COS 3 1 COS Introduction The Smart Card Operating System COS is a small operating system which resides in the smart card It is similar to DOS and Windows running on a PC but much smaller and more specific The following figure shows the typical structure of the smart card The COS is stored in ROM and CPU manages the transmission stores the runtime command parameters response security states and temporary keys in RAM The application data is stored in EEPROM in a file format with security features implemented A COS has four functional modules Transmission management The transmission management module receives commands and responds to the commands based on transmission proto
19. rmation field The content in the information field depends on the block frame type The epilogue field provides an error check code 2 5 Application level transmission At the application level the Application Protocol Data Unit APDU is used to send commands and get responses A pair of command APDU and response APDU is called a command response pair An APDU will be mapped to TPDU when transmitting Refer to the following figure for the structure of the APDU frame Please note the difference from the TPDU frame Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 8 Freescale Semiconductor Inc IS07816 Introduction E Header Optional Body 4 e Optional Body Trailer APDU Response The header is four bytes while the TPDU has five The Lc field indicates the number of bytes in Data field the Le field indicates the expected number of bytes to be received Normally the length of Lc and Le is one byte Some cards explicitly support extended fields of up to 3 bytes There are four types of APDU command response pairs Case 1 The command only has command header no data field The response only has trailer no Data field reou commana cua ms mr sz ren TDU Reque APDU Response Case 2 The command only has command header no data field The response has Data field and trailer e Optional Body Trailer TPDU
20. the random data sent back by the smart card 90 and 00 are the status bytes SW1 and SW2 and it means the command is executed correctly Smart Card Operation Using Freescale Microcontrollers Rev 0 2 2012 Freescale Semiconductor Inc 15 Software 5 2 The GUI The graphics user interface GUI on the PC side is written using Visual C 2008 Express Edition It is a free edition which can be downloaded from Microsoft s website ES Smart Card Reader VO 1 TER D 2 USB Disconnected No Card Get Challenge Data 00 00 00 00 00 OD 00 00 3 a Figure 2 Sample GUI The Connect and Disconnect buttons are used to connect and disconnect the USB connection with the board The status is displayed in area 1 Area 2 displays whether the smart card is inserted in the slot or not Clicking the Get Challenge button displays 8 bytes of random data generated by the card and is displayed in area 3 The Read EF button is used to read a binary file on the smart card The file ID is fixed to 0x10 The length of the file is 0x10 16 Clicking the Read EF button displays 16 bytes of data from the smart card in area 4 Changing some bytes and then clicking the Write EF button updates the new data to the binary file on the smart card Area 5 is used to input APDU command Click the Execute button to send the command to the smart card The response is displayed in area 6 5 3 Running the demo When the USB cable is plugged into the
21. ytes These historical bytes T1 T2 to Tk provide the operating information of the card If the first byte T1 is 0x00 Indicates a status indicator in last three historical bytes e 0x10 Followed by DIR data reference e 0x80 Indicates a status indicator may present e 0x81 to Ox8F Reserved for future use Any other value indicates a proprietary format TCK This is a checksum byte formed by exclusive oring all the bytes before TCK starting from TO If only T 0 is indicated TCK shall be absent 2 4 4 Protocol and Parameters Selection PPS Protocol and Parameters Selection PPS should be initiated by the reader starting with PPSS OxFF followed by PPSO and optional PPS1 PPS2 and PPS3 With these proposed transmission protocol and parameters the last byte is a checksum A successful response is also started with PPSS followed PPSO optional PPS1 PPS2 PPS3 and checksum byte In most cases the response is the same as the PPS request If the card does not support PPS or the reader uses the default parameters then PPS is not needed 2 4 5 T 0 T 0 is a character level protocol The process is always initiated by the reader by sending a command header then waiting for procedure bytes According to the procedure bytes the reader may send or receive the remaining optional data bytes or just receive the response status bytes Command Header The command header includes five bytes CLA INS P1 P2 and P3 Smart Card Operat
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