Solar intensity estimation in a geographical region
Contents
1. Cant de nubes y contamin 500 D An A VW n A f 3 i 0 Tiempo 126 y NubesBlancas NubesNegras Perdidas 277 41 14 1 Radiacion Solar 125 H Radiacion Radiaci n Solar 85 9 5 M ximo de Radiacion 3 99 8 fed Minimo de Radiaci n 79 2 0 n Tierna 12h Fig 6 Graph and monitor of the model 6 Information Tab PrimeroJOSEANV3_2_josean NetLogo D Wocuments and Settings vpgplaniWis documentos1JOS File Edit Tools Zoom Tabs Help o Interface Information Procedures a Find Edit Este programa modela la estimaci n de radiaci n solar en una regi n geogr fica cualquiera Se fundamenta principalmente en el comportamiento de las nubes tiempo meteorol gico y de la cantidad de poluci n existente Este comportamiento va a depender de la direcci n del viento de la varianza de las turbulencias de la velocidad de generaci n de poluci n del n mero de centros contaminantes y de la velocidad de generaci n de nubes debido a las condiciones meteorol gicas Desde la pantalla Interface se va a poder variar todos estos par metros para ver su repercusi n en el modelo que se reflejar en la cantidad de radiaci n solar recibida en dicha regi n El modelo generar nubes dependiendo del tiempo meteorol gico que se tenga sino hace buen tiempo no generar nubes hasta que no se tenga mal tiempo Y entonces se generar n m s o menos nubes y A Para la variaci n del tiemp2. If weather is bad or if it is stable or if it changes to good weather E THINGS TO TRY Initially allow to execute the model with the default values of the variables and subsequently it see the effects that produce the variation of different sliders increasing the number of clouds adding more polluting centers or varying the speed of contamination It is interesting to see how influence in the results the variation of the speed and wind direction F EXTENDING THE MODEL In order to extend the model more variables that influence on the received solar radiation can be added as different types of clouds rain different seasons the cycle of a nocturnal period etc Besides instead of seeing the scene from above 1t can be interesting to create a version in which the scene is observed from another point of view Also three dimensions can be considered and even simulate this model with NetLogo 3D G NETLOGO FEATURES For the programming has been preferred to use only a more extensive procedure so that the development of the program can be seen clearer There are only two small procedures programmed outside this main procedure one to calculate the average value of the percentage of radiation and other to calculate the maximum and minimum value of radiation that are accessory to the development of the model H RELATED MODELS Gaslab Brownian Motion Brownian motion simulation See the spores execute the drunkards w
3. software is adapted to model complex systems that evolve along the time when a high number of elements that interact between themselves and with the environment exist The principal components of the system are Turtles Agents They carry out their own activity moving themselves through along the patches Patches Environment They form a surrounding grid of 2D Observer The final user He can create new turtles and has access to reading writing of all the agents and variables There is only one The NetLogo environment provides three main screens called Interface Information and Procedures A Interface Climate Change NetLogo BE x File Edit Tools Zoom Tabs Help Interface Information Procedures gt ER v view updates 8 rw J SE Go normal speed onticks Y a Pa ae watch sun ray P 4 gt ticks 713 temperature 21 3 add cloud remove cloud CO2 amount 25 add CO2 remove CO2 i Global Temperature Fig 1 NetLog s user Interface Fig 1 shows NetLogo s user interface after opening and running a model In this screen the following options are placed Controls they allow running and controlling the software execution Buttons and the Command Center Settings they allow modifying the parameters Sliders switches and selectors Views they allow showing the information Monitors
4. Solar intensity estimation in a geographical region based on agents Ramos Hernanz JA Campayo Martin J J Zamora Belver L Puelles P rez E al Zulueta Guerrero E Department of Electrical Engineering E U I Vitoria Gasteiz University of the Basque Country Nieves Cano 12 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz Spain Phone Fax number 0034 945014147 fax 0034945013270 e mail josean ramos O ehu es jj campayo ehu es eduardo puelles 0ehu es Department of Electrical Engineering E T S L Bilbao University of the Basque Country Alameda Urquijo s n 48013 Bilbao Spain Phone Fax number 0034 946014063 fax 0034946014200 e mail inmaculada zamora O ehu es Department of Systems Engineering and Automatic E U I Vitoria Gasteiz University of the Basque Country Nieves Cano 12 01006 Vitoria Gasteiz Spain Phone Fax number 0034 945014160 fax 00349450 13270 e mail ekaitz zulueta 0ehu es Abstract Models based on multi agents present numerous advantages to calculate the estimation of the intensity of solar radiation Among the different existing options the software of simulation NetLogo is utilized in this work In this estimation the possible cloudiness and existing pollution are the main variables considered The work developed in the programming of a model based on multi agents followed by an analysis of the software used and of the characteristics of the proposed model are presented Key words Agent based modeling NetL
5. actory breed CO2s C02 clouds own cloud nun globals sky top earth top temperature num C02 num clouds starter to setup clear all setup world set temperature 12 plot temperature set default shape sunrays sunray set default shape IRs sunray end to go if starter O set starter 1 setup world ask clouds fd 3 0 1 3 cloud num 10 move clouds along run sunshine ask patches update albedo run heat moves heat dots Fig 3 NetLog s user Procedures The process of programming the model is made in the screen of procedures Fig 3 through several instructions directed to the diverse components of the system This is the work area where the source code of the model commands and reporters are written 4 Characteristics of our ABM model This model shows the random movement of clouds and pollution in general turtles in a geographic region represented by patches Depending on the amount of clouds and the existing pollution the evolution of the received solar intensity in the studied zone 1s shown One of the advantages of using these models based on multi agents is the possibility to relate physical interaction to each particle or agent For the analyzed case we have considered that clouds and pollution follow a Brownian motion The Brownian motion is the random movement observed in some nanoscopics particles found in a liquid environment for example pollen in a drop o
6. al region has been made The model enables the user to give instructions to independent agents that are all operating concurrently creating the target behaviour of the whole system NetLogo environment is under rapid development Its use is expected for both research and educational contexts since it significantly reduces complexity of the software development process It is a very simple and clear way to see how behave the two variables that have been introduced in the model allowing the variation of their performance at any time Acknowledgement Vice chancellorship of Investigation of the UPV EHU Department of Education Universities and Investigation of the Basque Government References 1 C M Macal M J North Tutorial on agent based modeling and simulation Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference 2005 pp 2 15 2 U Wilensky 1999 NetLogo Center for Connected Learning and Computer Based Modeling Northwestern University Evanston IL http ccl northwestern edu netlogo 3 A E C ceres Sistemas complejos basados en multiagentes http herdez org bioinflcursos abdieljjndex html 4 CM Macal M J North Validation of Agent based Model of Deregulated Electric Power Markets North American Association for Computational and Social Organization NAACSOS Conference Notre Dame Indiana June 26 28 2005 5 NetLogo Models Library http ccl northwestern edu netlogo mod
7. alk Normally the gas molecules are invisible but the user can make them visible to show how the drunkards walk originates Climate Change This is a model of energy flow in the earth particularly heat energy It shows the earth as rose colored and the surface of the planet is represented by a black strip Above the strip there is a blue atmosphere and black space at the top Clouds and carbon dioxide CO molecules can be added to the atmosphere The CO molecules represent greenhouse gases that block infrared light emitted by the earth Clouds block incoming or outgoing sun rays influencing the heating up or cooling down of the planet Circular Particles This model is one in a series of GasLab models They use the same basic rules for simulating the behaviour of gases Each model integrates different features in order to highlight different aspects of gas behaviour This model is different from other GasLab models in which the collision calculations take the circular shape and size of the particles into account instead of modeling the particles as dimensionless points NetLogoGreenHouse A simple model of how sunlight albedo CO and clouds all work together to change the global earth temperature 7 Conclusion This paper presents an introduction to NetLogo environment in order to develop models of NetLogo that analyse photovoltaic energy For it a basic model of the solar intensity estimation in any geographic
8. ares it for its execution It puts all variables to zero and gives initial values to the variables that later will be varied with the nine sliders created These sliders are Imax Level of intensity as a function of time VelVientX Average wind speed in the X axis VelVientY Average wind speed in the Y axis SigmaX Variance of turbulences in the X axis SigmaY Variance of turbulences in the Y axis VelContaminacion Pollution generation speed FlujoNubes Clouds generation speed NCentrosContaminantes Number of polluting centers Energ alnicial Initial energy It is possible to modificate the variables before beginning the execution of the model starting off then from values different from the programmed ones for these variables or once the execution has begun A graphic representation is given to the turtles such as the clouds are represented as of white colour and pollution of black colour In order to execute the model a turtle cloud will be created and another turtle pollution These turtles will be represented of greater size than default size for a better graphic vision Button GO unlike the button SETUP that single is pressed to initialize the model is a button to forever that actives the execution until it is pressed again During this time the model is being executed In order to see the results three graphics are scheduled represent the amount of clouds and pollution present th
9. ation the number of polluting centers and the speed of cloud generation due to weather conditions From the screen Interface it 1s possible to vary all these parameters and analyse their influence on the model this influence will be reflected in the solar amount of received solar radiation in that region B HOW IT WORKS The model generates clouds depending on weather conditions however if weather is nice the model will not generate clouds until weather is worse And then more or less clouds will be generated For the weather variation the model will take into account whether the previous weather is good or bad The same weather will be repeated with a percentage of eighty percent and will change of time with twenty percent For the pollution generation the number of contaminants centers and the pollution generation speed will be taken into account These centers only work during the week from Monday to Friday not contaminating during the weekend Clouds and pollution present a two dimensional Brownian movement This is a movement in which particles move on randomly This movement also depends on the speed and the wind direction that are available in that moment Therefore the solar radiation that gets to a surface will depend mainly on these two variables C HOW TO USE IT The program has two buttons SETUP and GO which control the model As in most models of NetLogo the button SETUP initializes the model and prep
10. e losses of solar radiation due to clouds and pollution and the solar percentage of radiation that reaches at the earth surface In order to support that graphical representation three types of monitor elements are able Four monitors show the values at every moment of clouds polluting clouds losses and the percentage of the solar radiation Two monitors offer the maximum and minimum values of solar radiation that exist during the execution of the model A last monitor shows the average percentage of radiation during the execution time D THINGS TO NOTICE It is necessary to highlight that the size and the form of the turtles are only for a better visualization and understanding of the model The result shown of the amount of black clouds resembles a sine wave formed by only the positive half cycles because the centers of single contamination work five days a week and the remaining two rests The graphic that shows the losses depends logically on the present amount of clouds and pollution As is the greater amount of existing clouds or contamination greater is the amount of losses of solar radiation During a sunny day clouds do not exist therefore losses will only depend on contamination Besides if this happens during the weekend losses will be near to zero because pollution also disappears as the weekend progress Observe the Command Center in it the observer reports the existing weather in the region
11. els 6 NetLogo User Community Models http ccl northwestern edu netlogo models commun ity 7 NetLogo User Manual http ccl northwestern edu netlogo docs
12. f water or the specks of dust suspended in the air The random movement of these particles is originated because its surface is bombed incessantly by the fluid molecules submissive to thermal agitation This atomic scale bombing is not always completely uniform and undergoes important statistical variations 5 Interface Tab The Interface Tab is a screen where the user can watch how the model runs It also has tools to inspect and alter what s going on inside the model Fig 4 eT pra e Pee aed Ser ees dei rra ee el ee es Cani de mbr y cmd Am fhe ln Marias Mi i F F r i w i al Li NN mp iat horca PRA bbs mi E a tole Hiris beror ia i Bio Fror H i 4 i a Anna de adas Tag a a Command Conta r aa i E aa t iy di Abii desta hipa d aii E at dl igs br Fig 4 Interface Screen of the model In figure 5 and 6 the increased of size Interface screen of the model can be seen lt Primero JOSEANV3_2_josean NetLogo D Documents and Settings vpgplaniWis documentos JOSEANW File Edit Tools Zoom Tabs Help Interface Information Procedures view updates 4 Fate Button J i _ Settings Edit Delete Add normal speed continuous M a E Ra TE Porcentaje Medio de Radiacion 86 9627 Fig 5 Sliders and simulation of the model E TI S n b tam ka dy
13. o el modelo tendr en cuenta si el tiempo anterior es bueno o malo El mismo tiempo se repetir con un porcentaje del ochenta por ciento y cambiar de tiempo con un veinte por ciento Para la generaci n de poluci n se tendr en cuenta el n mero de centros contaminantes y la velocidad de generaci n de poluci n Estos centros solo funcionan durante la semana de lunes a viernes y no contaminando durante el fin de semana Las nubes y la poluci n presentan un movimiento browniano de dos dimensiones Este es un mowimiento en que las part culas se mueven de forma aleatoria Este movimiento tambi n depender de la velocidad y de la direcci n del viento que se tenga en ese instante La radiaci n solar nue llena a siinertficie denender nrincinalmente de estas dans variahles Fig 7 Information Screen of the model The Information tab fig 7 provides an introduction to the model and an explanation of how to use it things to explore possible extensions and NetLogo features It is very helpful when on user is first exploring a model Following sections in which is divided the Information that explains the developed model are shown A WHAT IS IT This model simulates the estimation of solar radiation in any geographic region which is based mainly on the behaviour of clouds weather and the amount of existing pollution This behaviour depends on the wind direction the variance of turbulences the speed of pollution gener
14. ogo Solar intensity 1 Introduction Photovoltaic solar energy is one of the options to replace progressively the dependency on oil To generate electric power from photovoltaic systems it is necessary to determine the power advantage This aspect is conditioned in part by the intensity of solar radiation received in the zone where the photovoltaic plant is going to be installed The intensity of the solar radiation that arrives at the Earth surface is reduced due to several variable factors like existing gases in the atmosphere the reflection of clouds pollution Models based on agents can be used to estimate the solar intensity from variables as quantity of cloudiness direction and speed of clouds and existing pollution at that moment As atmospheric situations are not predictable the agents can change their conduct For this reason it 1s necessary to define a mathematical model that permits to estimate the solar intensity based on these agents This model will be developed with the software of simulation NetLogo Wilensky 1999 This software allows to model and simulate social and natural phenomena which evolve along the time with different number of agents acting in a concurrent way 2 Agent Based Modelling ABM The modelling based on agents is a computer method that allows the researcher to create analyze and experience with composed models of agents which interact inside an environment In this model star
15. plots output text areas and graphics window Graphics windows The main view where the model is developed B Information Untitled NetLogo File Edit Tools Zoom Tabs Help Interface Information Procedures D Y Find Edit WHAT IS IT This section could give a general understanding of what the model is trying to show or explain HOW IT WORKS This section could explain what rules the agents use to create the overall behavior of the model HOW TO USE IT This section could explain how to use the model including a description of each of the items in the interface tab THINGS TO NOTICE This section could give some ideas of things for the user to notice while running the model Fig 2 NetLog s user Information According to conventions applied to NetLogo models this information screen usually consists of nine sections and helps the user to find quick answers to the following questions What is it How it works How to use it Things to notice Things to try Extending the model NetLogo features Related models Credit and references This information can be edited and modified clicking the button Edit Fig 2 C Procedures Climate Change NetLogo File Edit Tools Zoom Tabs Help nn Interface Information Procedures 2 Y i Procedures w Find Chect breed clouds cloud breed sunrays sunray breed IRs IR breed heats heat breed people person breed factories f
16. ting from some inputs parameters of experimental fixed values and outputs time during the observations of the model vanes a process mechanism is represented which makes a hypothesis of the real world Agent is understood as an independent element software model with own methods and with capacity to adapt and modify itself An agent must have the following characteristics It s identifiable It s situated It has some goals to attain It s flexible and has the capability to learn Modelling based on agents can be applied in many areas Business and organizations economics infrastructure having a clear example in the electrical markets In many countries the electrical power supply is private existing several providers that compete between themselves each one with own infrastructures and with different characteristics With this model it can be known how the market should be designed to analyze future markets reduce the environmental impacts or to predict fusions The agents represent the participants in the market companies of generation clients companies of transmission distribution independent operators consumers regulators 3 NetLogo The software NetLogo designed by Uri Wilensky in 1999 uses a simple programming language friendly graphic interface and is adapted to modelation simulation of social and natural phenomena in which there are many elements that interact This
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