2.4-facilitator-guid.. - Step-It-Up-2
Contents
1. Sparks Intro 2 min Agencies can use another opening method that fits their organizational culture Slide 1 Title Slide Welcome amp Introduction e Welcome to BBBS and brief introductions Ask Framing amp Enrollment Questions e Today we re going to share and learn about Sparks and Mindset e Weare also going to learn some fascinating things about your brain e How many of you are interested in learning about the weird and wild things going on in your brain Slide 2 Agenda Say e Lets start with hearing more from you about the Sparks Conversations you ve been having e Who can tell us what sparks are elicit responses e What are some of the sparks you ve seen in other people e Great now you ll get to hear about more sparks by becoming a reporter EXPERIENCE amp DEMONSTRATE 10 min Sparks Peer Interviews Slide 3 Sparks Interviews Share instructions for peer interviews Say e Littles you are all reporters from a famous television news show Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 5 e Your job is to make a microphone and then interview quite a few Bigs and Littles about their sparks e All of you are reporters and interviewees so take a break from your reporting regularly so you can be interviewed by someone else e Make your microphone by rolling your paper into a cone and taping it Demonstrate how to make a paper cone e Bigs you wil2. thicker connections that can take in more information Slide 26 Forming New Connections continued e Even when you don t feel like you re getting it your brain is growing more connections e I heard a story about a student at University e She was taking really hard math classes and was very anxious about whether she could do it One strategy she used to overcome her anxiety was to imagine that she was going to the brain gym each time she did her math homework e If there were no weights on the machines how could she get stronger e Things need to be challenging or heavy like weights for brain to get a good workout Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 13 Slide 27 The Growth Mindset e This belief is called the growth mindset e Read definition e Sometimes a young person comes back to us and says Hey I listened to what you said and tried REALLY hard and still didn t succeed e We let them know that just putting out a lot of effort doesn t do it e You can flap your arms all you want but you re not going to fly e The trick is to put in the effort the right strategies and get help from others Key Message The trick is to put in a lot of effort the right strategies and get help from others Slide 28 Fixed and Growth Mindset e Unfortunately some people outside of this room have a fixed mindset e What kind of fixed mindset things have you heard other people say e They
3. about the brain e Were going to start with a little movie clip that highlights two mindsets EXPERIENCE Star Wars Clip Slide 10 Star Wars Clip 10 min 5 min Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 8 Debrief 5 min Show Video Star Wars Clip and process Say What Happened e What did Yoda want Luke to do Answer to lift the spaceship out of the water e Why wasn t Luke successful Answer he had an attitude that he couldn t do it e What was Yoda s attitude or belief Answer You can do it if you believe you can Slide 11 The Growth Mindset Movie Debrief continued Say Scientists would call Yoda s attitude or belief a Growth Mindset It is a belief that individuals can learn change and become better at things with effort strategies and help So What Obviously this movie is a fantasy but does it remind you at all of real life How Who can tell me about a time in your life when you had an attitude like Yoda and showed a growth mindset about a challenge How did your growth mindset help you Now What What advice would you give to someone who just says things like Well I m just no good at math OR T could never become a good athlete OR T m just an angry person so I m not going to change LEARN amp LABEL 20 min PowerPoint on the brain and growth mindset Slide 12 The Growth Mindset c
4. believe that you are born an artistic person or a math person or a natural athlete and that you can t really change those labels e Luckily we have proof that your brain and abilities can grow and change People s mindsets can also change from fixed to growth Slide 29 Mindset Many Aspects e Mindset can affect many parts of your life e Like the rats and guerilla fighters you can grow your brain to become better at math writing or any kind of academics e Like Michael Jordan who got cut from his high school basketball team and once shot free throws for three hours after missing a crucial shot you too can grow your physical ability e Even your personality can change and develop e Just as Phineas Gage changed his ways you too can grow aspects of your personality DEMONSTRATE Fixed Mindset Statements Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 14 5 min EXPERIENCE amp DEMONSTRATE 15 min Youth practice self persuasion in pairs Bigs and Littles apply the growth mindset to personality and challenges faced in school Intro 3 min Say e Now we re going to give you chance to convince your peers Slide 30 How would you answer these Fixed Mindset statements e Please get into pairs e I m sure you re partner doesn t believe this but imagine that they do e Try and convince your partner by teachin
5. to give us feedback on this training Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 18 Handout Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief to Bigs and Littles Slide 34 Recommended For Bigs Mindset Anchor Paper Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief For Bigs amp Littles Brain Toolkit Play upbeat music Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2
6. Big Brothers Big Sisters Sparks amp Mindset Activity 113 minutes allow 2 hrs Overview This group activity begins by supporting sparks conversations that have been occurring between Bigs and Littles Then the focus shifts to new content about the development of a growth mindset All youth have a spark a special quality skill or interest that they are passionate about A spark comes from inside of us and when we express it it gives us joy By the age of ten all youth understand the concept of spark however one third of adolescents in the U S or millions of youth do not know their spark Of those that do know their spark just 37 have Spark Champions caring adults who actively assist the youth in that spark development While adults support young people in identifying and pursuing their sparks it s important that adults avoid making a youth s spark today a fixed identity Sparks most often change over time In this group activity Little s sparks are explored through interviews with peers and a sparks collage Why do some people reach their full potential while others of equal talent do not After three decades of extensive research Dr Carol Dweck asserts that success is directly related to people s beliefs about their intelligence and talent Those who believe their gifts and intelligence are innate and carved in stone have a fixed mindset whereas those who believe that their abilities and
7. ab drivers They measured the Hippocampus the area of the brain that remembers information about places in London cabdrivers and compared them to other people The cabbies brains were bigger and the longer they were on the job the bigger this area of the brain became This shows that learning and practicing this skill made that area of their brain grow Slide 23 Phineas Gage I m going to tell you a story At the end I d like you tell me if you think it s a true story or a made up story A man named Phineas Gage was a very successful railroad worker over 160 years ago in 1848 He had a well balanced mind he worked quickly was patient planned ahead and was very good at business All of this changed one day when an accidental gunpowder explosion sent a large iron spike through the front of his face It went through the frontal lobe of his brain Fortunately e did not die from the accident and his injury healed pretty quickly however he was left without most of the frontal lobe in his brain Since the frontal lobe controls things like planning ahead or keeping your emotions under control then without the frontal lobe he had very little self control Instead of being able to be a good businessman and being able to bite his tongue when he was angry he would insult people would say things that were mean and he did not have any patience Later in life he stretched his brain formed new connections and cre
8. ated new pathways even though his frontal lobe never grew back It took a long time but he grew his self control pathways He no longer had angry Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 12 outbursts he was no longer mean to people and was more patient e Do you think the story was true or false Answer It s true Slide 24 Your Brain Needs e Your brain uses 1 3 of all your energy e With all that energy being used your brain needs certain things to function well e Fuel Your brain needs healthy foods with Omega 3 s such as Eggs Nuts and Fish e Sleep Your brain needs to recharge for at least 1 3 of the time 8 9 hours of sleep If not you forget things more easily e Exercise Movement and exercise increase breathing and heart rate so that more blood flows to the brain A recent study found that walking actually improves memory e Challenge If you don t use brain cells you ll lose them Research shows that the more you challenge your brain the more connections you grow between cells Slide 25 Forming New Connections by Working on Challenges e The next time you are faced with a challenge and you are struggling to learn something remember e Challenge is a good thing Everyone reach out their arms and stretch them e This is what your dendrites are doing when faced with a challenge e Imagine your dendrites as they stretch and grow in number making stronger
9. digms has been referred to as counter attitudinal advocacy wherein people are induced to try to convince others of the rightness of a position that differs from their own privately held belief So instead of attempting to persuade young people directly this lesson focuses on how young people can help others learn about a growth mindset Littles take time to produce a letter that gives advice to next year s Littles Goal Bigs and Littles explore sparks and begin to shift to a growth mindset Objectives By participating in this lesson Bigs amp Littles will 1 Explore amp list sparks amp sparks champions including peers and personal current and potential 2 Believe that the brain can grow in the face of challenge through effort strategies amp seeking help 3 Define how growth mindset applies to personality 4 Begin growth mindset adoption through writing a growth mindset advice to other younger youth Aronson E 1999 The Power of Self Persuasion American Psychologist 54 875 884 Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 2 fe Agenda O gS Sparks Interviews Collage User s Manual for Your Brain Challenges Star Wars Growth Mindset Mindset Role Play Mindset Advice Letter Anchor Vocabulary e Spark Passion interest or talent that catalyze the drive for personal growth e Spark Champion An adult who encourages youth to advance spark and serves as a resource if a
10. e Finally write down what the outcomes might be based on the response you develop Pass out the School Scenarios and Mindset Matrix handouts Give the pairs 7 minutes to complete it Facilitate a group discussion Say What Happened e What scenario did you pick e What was the issue at hand e Name the fixed mindset and two growth mindset responses you had So What e What was the outcome of each e How do you think this would help or hurt you in your own life Now What e What advice do you have for your siblings friends Action Trigger Say e Has anyone ever hear of the concept of Action Triggers e It s a way to set up what you might do in the future and make it easy to do the right thing e For example I know I m going to want eat a ton of chocolate after lunch e To help prevent this I might set up an Action Trigger to make sure I walk far away from the chocolate store after lunchtime My action trigger is something that I deliberately plan to do ahead of time to control that tempting moment To resist the chocolate I set up a plan to meet my friend after lunch on the other side of the school grounds Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 16 DEMONSTRATE amp REVIEW 20 min Youth write letters to convince other youth that people can change with effort and good strategies Instructions 2 min Scientists have shown that when you plan ahead for a way to resist
11. es are motivating rather than intimidating as they present opportunities to grow their skills and intellect enabling them to work towards audacious goals and achieve their full potential The second half of the activity is designed to promote a growth mindset in Littles This mindset lesson has been carefully crafted by scientists to cultivate the youth s belief using a very short intervention Some essential elements include a This is new science and you are the lucky ones to have a peek at this new science b We seek your advice on how to help next year s Littles to use a growth mindset in their lives c Itis a foregone conclusion that of course you the participants have a growth mindset In this lesson Bigs and Littles watch a Star Wars Video and a Michael Jordan Video clip that show the difference between fixed and growth mindsets Littles then get an understanding of how the brain thinks its thoughts as messages are transferred from neuron to neuron through synapses Through a PowerPoint presentation and a short Neurons amp Synapses video clip Bigs and Littles will learn about their brains and they will be introduced to the growth mindset language In order to promote a growth mindset among Littles we must avoid trying to persuade them directly As Professor Elliot Aronson shows direct attempts at persuasion typically produce such small effects He goes on to point out that one of the most powerful para
12. g them what you ve learned e Partners act this out for real If you are really being convinced give us a thumbs up e Then we ll switch and have the other partner do the convincing Allow 2 minutes to pass for each partner Say e Ok whose partner did a good job of convincing them e Excellent Please come on up front and try to convince me youth comes up Reward all with a round of applause Slide 31 What you say matters e Life is a set of challenges e As you face the challenges pay attention to what you say because that reinforces what you think and what you do e If you say I can t you reinforce the brain to shut down in it s thinking about creative strategies to succeed e Watch your own language if it s growth mindset language it can help you move forward If you hear fixed mindset language think about how it could be changed it to be growth Slide 32 School Scenarios Mindset Matrix Say I m going to pass out a list of scenarios faced by other youth in school e You re going to work in Big Little pairs and choose 2 scenarios that interest you e You ll then complete the Mindset Matrix e First identify the issue at hand Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 15 Pair Activity 7 min Process 10 min Action Triggers for Challenges in school 5 min e Next think of a fixed mindset and two growth mindset responses
13. intelligence can be developed through effort and practice have a growth mindset The effects of one s mindset on life choices and resulting achievements are profound Children and adults who hold the implicit belief that intelligence and talents are fixed tend to be concerned about proving their abilities rather than learning This belief causes them to interpret mistakes as threats to their ego rather than as opportunities to improve Mistakes defeat their self confidence because they attribute errors to lack of ability which they feel powerless to change Consequently in order to decrease the likelihood of making mistakes and increase the likelihood of demonstrating their skill or intelligence these individuals tend to avoid challenges Youth with a fixed mindset often avoid making a concerted effort in their endeavors in the classroom on the field or in pursuit of personal goals fearing that hard work indicates a lack of ability or intelligence which prevents them from reaching their full potential Dweck C 2006 Mindset The New Psychology of Success New York Ballantine Books Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 1 Youth with a growth mindset on the other hand tend to demonstrate the kind of perseverance and resilience required to convert life s setbacks into future successes They believe intelligence and skills can be developed through education and hard work They want to stretch themselves and learn Challeng
14. l be the reporter s assistants e Your job is to follow the Littles around and write down all the answers they get to their interview questions e Remember 1 3 of youth don t yet know their sparks e Ifyou don t know your spark right now that s fine share an interest or two that you want to learn more about or how you are going about your discovery Process e Littles here are your interview questions Write questions on the board 1 Do you have a Spark If not what interests you How did you or will you discover your spark 3 What s it feel like when doing your spark Or what do you see in another doing his her Spark 4 add your own question Begin your interviews Say e What are some of the sparks you heard e How did people find their sparks e How do people feel when they are pursuing their spark e Thope that you learned something about yourself and your peer through these interviews We re now going to take what we learned and share it with the group by making a Sparks Collage EXPERIENCE 10 min Personal Sparks Reflection Slide 4 Sparks Collage Pass out notecards 1 youth and colored markers Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 6 Make Sparks Collage Say e Bigs and Littles on these notecards write down your current spark or potential spark if it s unknown e You can write about a spark you are interesting in e
15. like a muscle Slide 20 Remarkable Rats e Scientists at UC Berkeley took twin rats and put half of them in an empty cage with just food and water e The other half of the rats were put in a rich environment with puzzles toys and exercise equipment e After some time they took out the rats and weighed their brains e The rats that were in the cages with all the toys actually grew 10 heavier brains e Why do you think this happened e This is great for rats but what about humans Do their brains also grow Slide 21 Guerilla Fighters Study e There was a group of Spanish speaking guerrilla warriors who had been completely isolated since they were young They had never seen books learned to read or write or been to school e After the war and to help them readjust into society a group of leading brain researchers worked with them and taught them how to read e A couple of years after the classes they measured their brains Just like the rats Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 11 their brains grew in the reading areas compared to the group that was not taught how to read Slide 22 Cabbies Study Do any of you know where London is on the globe If you want to figure out where you re going it s one of the hardest cities in the world to find your way The streets are a tangled mess and there are almost no grids Scientists carried out this famous study with London c
16. notecard for each Little for Sparks Collage e large Poster paper for Sparks Collage e Colored markers for each Little e Cookies or a healthier treat for ending party Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 Step It Up 2 Thrive Library gt www bbbs stepitup2thrive org mindset e PowerPoint Sparks amp Mindset Activity www bbbs stepitup2thrive pptsparks amp mindset e Video Star Wars Clip www bbbs stepitup2thrive org starwars e Video Michael Jordan www bbbs stepitup2thrive org michaeljordan e Video Neurons amp Synapses www bbbs stepitup2thrive org neurons amp synapses Handouts one for each Big and one for each Little e School Scenarios e Mindset Matrix e Mindset Advice Letter Recommended For Bigs amp Littles Share Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief with a Parent Guardian or friend Bigs Only e Read Mindset Anchor Paper Brain Toolkit and Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief e Optional for Bigs Read the book Mindset The New Psychology of Success By Carol Dweck Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 Actual Lesson Outline Lesson Description Time Write ENROLL Build relationships with Bigs Littles as they walk in the door actual 8 min start Opening Q Clap PLAY an upbeat song that Bigs amp Littles might like Get all Bigs up and time 1 min clapping Build clapping to a crescendo and cut the music here Enrollment Questions 3 min Review Agenda 2 min
17. ontinued e Read and explain slide Say e Now we re going to learn about what s going on in your brain Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 9 Slide 13 The Brain e Here s a gross picture of the brain e Today we ll use pictures like this next one click to next slide Slide 14 The Brain 2 e Here s a diagram of a brain that s nicer to look at e Now let s drill down deeper and take a peek Slide 15 A Dense Network of Neurons e The brain when you drill down deeper is actually a dense network of neurons that are connected e Now let s go even further to look at just one brain cell Slide 16 Parts of Neuron e In the diagram below we re just focusing on one cell There are several parts that are important e First you should be able to see the dendrites Those parts reach out to get signals from other nerve cells e When you reach out your hands to someone else you were sending out a signal just like that the brain has its own arms reaching out These are called the dendrites e Next you can see the cell body That s like the brain of the cell It gets the message from other brain cells e Next there s an axon It s a long cable that carries the message and sends it out to another cell e Now that you can see that the neuron cell has different parts you may be wondering how it does anything how it thinks thoughts e Let s go back to the picture of
18. ppropriate e Neuron a specialized impulse conducting cell that is the basic unit of the nervous system consisting of the cell body and its parts the axon and dendrites e Axon The long thread like part of the nerve cell neuron that transmits impulses out from the cell body e Dendrites The branching process of a nerve cell neuron that conducts impulses from other cells into its cell body e Synapse The space where a nerve impulse is relayed from one cell to another through chemicals called neurotransmitters The chemicals transfer nerve information across the synapse just like a boat carrying a message between two shores The electrical impulse from one cell triggers a chemical release in the synapse space and the chemical flows across the space and triggers the next cell s electrical activity The message flow is as follows 1 cell s axon to synapse to next cell s dendrites e Fixed Mindset The belief that you have a certain amount of intelligence or ability or a certain personality that cannot be fundamentally changed e Growth Mindset The belief that your basic qualities intelligence and abilities are things that you can change and grow Materials amp Media Sound system or CD Player and an upbeat song e Computer with MS PowerPoint installed e LCD Projector e copy of the book Mindset The New Psychology of Success e sheet of paper and scotch tape for each Little for Sparks interview microphones e
19. t Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 17 Writing 15 min Reading clearing up of e What questions do you have e THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HELPING OTHER LITTLES HANDOUT Brain Toolkit and Mindset Advice Letter misconceptions Allow Littles fifteen minutes to write Bigs assist Facilitator moves from group to 3 min group giving support and helpful hints Ask several Littles to read their letters Praise excellent examples and persuasive points Be specific Clear up any misconceptions in the letters Give each reader a round of applause CELEBRATE min Bigs amp Littles Cookie Party celebrate their learning Hand out cookies or another healthier treat and congratulate Littles amp Bigs on a job Training is evaluated well done Handout Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief Say e Bigs and Littles we a few interesting items for you e It s called the Praise amp Growth Mindset Brief and it s a great little piece on how to give praise to support a growth mindset e Bigs and Littles read through it and share it with a parent guardian or friend e Bigs go ahead and watch the Video Conversations to Goal Selection again e Also optionally you might enjoy reading this book Mindset The New Psychology of Success e Any questions e Thank you for your participation Handout Training Evaluations Say Please take the next five minutes
20. temptation and get to your goal you are 75 more likely to get to there What questions do you have about Action Triggers Now Littles and Bigs take two minutes to write out an Action Triggers for one of the scenarios Say Ok who has some good Action Triggers for us Group share out Slide 33 Mindset Advice Letters Say Now we re going to participate in a very important part of the day You are going to write an advice to younger Littles They will believe it much more if it comes from you and not from us boring adults In your same pairs you are going to write a real letter that we will share with next year s Littles Bigs you write down what the Littles say What advice would you give other Littles about the growth mindset Use this Advice Letter Worksheet to write a few paragraphs giving advice to next year s Littles It s helpful to use your Brain Toolkit and handouts to help you come up with a convincing message You ll have about fifteen minutes to write your letter Try to be creative and convincing When you are done writing we ll ask a few of you to share One piece of advice I have for you is this Let s say for example that you want to use the Phineas Gage story In your letter you shouldn t say You should really believe this because of Phineas Gage It s more convincing to tell the specifics of that story so that next year s Littles know what you are talking abou
21. the network of neurons Slide 17 Neuron amp Synapses Video e Now we are going to watch a video about how thinking takes place e You will hear an additional vocabulary word called Synapse e A Synapse is the scientific name for the space between neurons As an electrical signal reaches the ends of the axon it changes to a chemical signal that flows across this synaptic space to the next cell e You will hear how your brain cells connect with electrical and then chemical Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 10 signals and then electrical and then chemical signals from one cell to another Slide 18 How the Brain Learns e The brain thinks thoughts by sending messages e The neurons in your brain are connected in a dense network like a web These cells communicate with each other e Each neuron is connected to between one and one million other cells Overall in your brain there are over a trillion connections e When you have a thought it sends a signal from one set of neurons to another e Also messages can travel as fast as 1000 feet per second or 680 miles an hour the speed of a fast jet plane Then the brain turns the signals into thoughts or actions In fact your brain is the most complex 3 pound mass in the known universe Slide 19 The Brain Muscle e Read and explain slide e Let s look at some scientific experiments that show that the brain is
22. today we need your help e We need to learn how to share these messages about success with other Littles like Last Updated 6 8 2011 BBBS Group Activity 2 7 you e It ll mean a lot more coming from you than it will coming from adults like us e You ll use what you learn today to help next year s Littles LEARN amp LABEL Learning about the Slide 7 Challenges i 5 min brain is posited as a help to dealing with Say challenges e Did you ever wonder why sometimes you just completely forget something that you know you studied for e Or have any of you tried something really hard and just gave up because you couldn t get it e Researchers have studied thousands of youth like you around the world and find that these problems are extremely common e Please take out a piece of paper pencil or pen and answer the question on this slide e The purpose of this exercise is for you to start thinking about how what we will learn about brain research will help you face some of these setbacks or problems in school e Maybe one time you wanted to learn something well but you didn t know it as well as you wanted to Slide 8 Kiesha e Here s what some young people had to say e Can someone read this for us Slide 9 Alan e Who can read this one e We can see that these are common problems e Fortunately scientific research shows that these problems can be overcome by learning
23. xploring e Draw something associated with the spark an image or how it makes you feel e You can draw and write as many as you want e When you are done tape card to the poster to create a group Sparks collage Hang Sparks collage in a visible place in the room Give a big round of applause LEARN amp LABEL 2 min Brain and Mindset is introduced Slide 5 A User s Manual For Your Brain e Today we also have some exciting information for you about your brain e A team at Stanford University has developed these workshops based on research they have done to understand how young people can be successful in life e Lots of young people like you have taken these workshops and said that these were the most interesting and useful things they learned e Believe it or not the brain has a lot to do with success and we want to teach you how to use it e Who has ever bought a new stereo xbox or phone Did it come with a user s manual e The brain is a lot more powerful than all of those electronics and it doesn t come with a user s manual So we created a workshop to provide a user s manual for your brain e Toward the end of this workshop you ll get this Brain Toolkit an actual user s manual for your brain e raise your hand How many of you are curious about what s going on inside your brain Slide 6 We Need Your Help e Excellent As we learn about the brain
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