Prototype Parking Metering System—Phase 2
Contents
1. Item Team Hours Cost Motherboard Processor 0 150 RAM 0 50 Storage 0 200 Motherboard Processor 0 150 RAM 0 50 Storage 0 200 LCD 0 75 Keypad 0 100 Misc Buttons 0 50 Printer Controller 0 120 Ethernet Switch 0 57 UPS Battery Backup Unit 0 100 Housing 0 100 Project Poster 10 50 TOTAL 10 1452 17 Table 5 Financial Requirements Item Cost Parts and materials Motherboard Processor 150 RAM 50 Storage 200 Motherboard Processor 150 RAM 50 Storage 200 LCD 75 Keypad 100 Misc Buttons 50 Printer Interface 120 Ethernet Switch 57 UPS Battery Backup Unit 100 Housing 100 Project Poster 50 Services Shipping and handling 50 Binding 30 TOTAL w o Labor 1532 Labor 10 50 hour Joe Reinsma 2331 Mike Bezdek 2100 John Goldbach 2163 Andrew Ross 2037 Irsan Halim 2079 TOTAL w Labor 12062 18 11 Schedule The following section includes a Gantt chart detailing the projected schedule of tasks The illustrated calendar will span the full length of the project which is two semester long The timelines for the various tasks are based on the team s best estimates of time requirements as well as the Senior Design class and deliverable schedules The team will adhere to the schedule to the best of its ability in order to keep the project on task 19 o o a w n i z2. FEEF dd Jan 11 04 Feb15 04 Mar 21 04 Apr 25 04 May 30 04 Jul 4 04 Aug 8 04 Sep 12 04 Oct 17 04 Nov 21 04 SiS ee S S A Te FS S a Task Name Duration E Project Deliverables 221 days Unbound Project Plan 1 day Bound Project Plan Project Poster 1 day Unbound Project Design Report 1 day Bound Project Design Report 1 day Unbound Project Final Report 1 day Industrial Review Panel Presentation 1 day Bound Project Final Report 1 day Weekly Status Reports 221 days Task Name 27 03 Case ae 1 Problem Definition mH i 2 Research and Technology E Hardware and Software Requirements 4 Make Recommendations 5 Design 6 Product Design T Purchase Hardware and Software 8 Implementation 9 Hardware T Software 11 Testing 12 Software Robustness 43 Hardware Sofware Integration PE Hardware Failure 15 Demonstration 146 Prepare Demonstrations 17 Industrial Presentation Aug 24 03 Sep 28 03 Nov 2 03 Dec 7 03 Jan 11 04 Feb 15 04 Mar 21 04 Apr 25 04 May 30 04 Jul4 04 Sep 12 04 Oct 17 04 Nov 21 04 TIETES IS M T w T F SS ESS Eee Be PIS i Aug 8 04 F S 20 12 Project Team Information The following individuals are those directly involved in the definition development and implementation o
3. This helps alleviate downtime so the master control unit can process parking locations and continue to accept money e Programming language O Assembly The use of assembly would allow for precise control over memory usage and data handling It would make for an arduous development process however O MySQL The use of MySQL would allow for easy creation of the central database and integration with Windows XP operating system O C C The use of C C would allow for the creation of a modular robust and easily modifiable software product O Visual Basic Net The use of Visual Basic Net would allow for easy graphical user interface e Communications hardware using wired Ethernet A system of this type would allow for a more reliable communication medium and much faster than many other available technologies 8 4 Technical Approach Considerations To successfully create a multiple space parking meter system two main components will need to be implemented the master unit s hardware and the master unit s software The hardware for the unit must meet the needs of the client As such the approach under consideration involves the use of off the shelf x86 dual processor based hardware This system would use redundant processing and storing technology designed for the desktop and server market A system of this type would allow for increased modularity and reliability easier software design and implementation components of a more
4. and a final draft will be delivered in December of 2004 e Technical Specification The technical specification document will be a document describing the technical specifications of both the hardware and software running on the master and slave units This document not designed for common users but instead as a resource for future designers of this system The technical specification of the system will be delivered in December of 2004 8 Proposed Approach This section shall explain the planned method of completing the project 8 1 Functional Requirements The following functions shall be required to successfully complete the project e Accepts client input output The system will connect to a remote computer using a USB connection The system will allow DPS to change hourly rates time of day rates holiday rates or modify any code that is installed on the master unit e Manages parking space availability The system will keep track of which parking spaces are currently paid for and ending time e Communication functionality The system will allow for communication between interfaces using Ethernet connection 8 2 Constraints Considerations The project shall run with in the following constraints e Weather resistance The system must be able to withstand all weather conditions an outdoor system may experience on the Iowa State University campus These include extremes of temperature and precipitation as well as severe winds and
5. associated debris e Durability The system must be durable long lasting and secure If the unit is built above ground it must be able to withstand theft vandalism corrosion and minor collisions with vehicles If buried it must be able to withstand theft vandalism and ground moisture Power requirements The master slave system must be run off standard 110 AC power as well as a battery backup Hardware requirements The master system must use a board with redundant processing and storing capabilities to decrease chances of failure Connectivity requirements The master slave system must be able to complete all necessary communications over a standardized Ethernet interface Machine size requirements The control hardware will be placed inside one of the slave units so it must be of a size that facilitates installation maintenance and use The size of the machine must also be sufficiently large so as to allow for the inclusion of all necessary internal components 8 3 Technology Considerations The following technologies shall be considered in the implementation of the end product e Master system hardware using dual processor based system A system of this type utilizing two separate processors would allow for backing up a processor if one were to fail It has redundant capability to store data to two sets of memory If one processor were to fail the second processor would takeover automatically where the other quit
6. is made up of those that monitor the parking lots i e the Iowa State University Department of Public Safety employees 4 intended Uses The system will have two main categories of uses separated by the two groups of users see above For the people who park in the lots the system will e Allow parking spaces to be paid for either by first selecting an amount of time or by simply putting money in e Allow time to be added to any parking space from any unit in that lot e Provide a hard copy receipt to the user if desired For the Department of Public Safety the system will Allow DPS to monitor and enforce the paid usage of the parking lots Allow DPS to gather parking lot usage statistics Allow DPS to change hourly rates and set holidays Assumptions The lot size will be equal to or less than 1000 spaces No change will be returned to users Power will be provided to the units excepting power outages The units will accept only dimes nickels and quarters as payment Limitations The time available to complete the project is limited The unit must be weatherproof and theft proof The main processing unit must consist of two redundant processors The main processing unit must have redundant storage The user interface will be compact and user friendly Backup batteries must be able to allow the machine to run for four hours in the event AC electricity is unavailable The system must provide all of the capabilit
7. needs This includes testing performance of the software as well as correctness of the code The system will be tested in lab as well as in the field As the system deals with monetary exchange extensive testing will be required Demonstration Proper completion of this milestone will be the successful demonstration of the fully functional multi space parking meter prototype unit Product demos will be constructed during the design phase for validation purposes Table 1 Project Milestones and Overall Importance Milestone Importance Percentage Problem Definition 21 43 Research and technology 21 43 Design 14 29 Implementation 21 43 Testing 14 29 Demonstration Low 7 14 TOTAL 100 N Table 2 Milestone Evaluation Evaluation Result Numerical Score Exceeded Met 100 Partially met Did not meet Did not attempt 8 12 Project Proposed Tracking Procedures The consistent flow of information regarding the status of the project is essential The information will be provided in the form of status reports schedule updates and financial analysis The project plan contains a set of planned elements that are to be tracked and monitored throughout the duration of the project The tracking activities include e Weekly status reports regarding current and planned activities will be sent out to the client advisors and team members e The planned schedule will be compared to the actual progress to determ
8. sources and professionals to find appropriate hardware and software that meets functional requirements cost robustness and availability e Result Hardware and software will be selected and obtained that meets the project functional requirements robustness has current availability and is within budget Task 3 Design e Objective Define and describe the design that will produce the successful end product within budget and on time e Approach Use sound design principles to create a complete and functional design e Result A project design that is complete and well defined so that there is no design issues during its implementation 14 Task 4 Implementation e Objective Implement the project that is described by the design requirements e Approach Develop test and install software on the assembled hardware given by the design requirements e Result A functioning product that meets the design requirements specifications and the clients needs Task 5 Testing e Objective Verify that the software and hardware works correctly as described by the design requirements e Approach Test all functionality of the software and hardware to make sure there is no failure that would cause the system to become not functional or in an undefined state e Result The system is verified to meet the design requirements Task 6 Demonstration e Objective Create and perform a demonstration that shows the successful imple
9. Prototype Parking Metering System Phase 2 Team Code Client Advisors Team Members Date of Submission Project Plan DEC 04 02 Doug Houghton Captain Department of Public Safety lowa State University Prof J ohn Lamont EE CprE Prof Ralph Patterson Ill EE CprE Joe Reinsma J ohn Goldbach Andrew Ross Mikel Bezdek Irsan Halim 30 March 2004 Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Symbols and Definitions Abstract Acknowledgement 10 11 12 13 14 Problem Statement Operating Environment Intended Users Intended Users Assumptions Limitations Expected End Product and Other Deliverables Proposed Approach 8 1 Functional Requirements 8 2 Constraints Considerations 8 3 Technology Considerations 8 4 Technical Approach Considerations 8 5 Testing Requirements Considerations 8 6 Security Considerations 8 7 Safety Considerations 8 8 Intellectual Property Considerations 8 9 Commercialization Considerations 8 10 Possible Risk and Risk Management 8 11 Proposed Milestones and Evaluation Criteria 8 12 Project Tracking Procedures Statement of Work 9 1 Task 1 Problem definition 9 2 Task 2 Research and technology 9 3 Task 3 Design 9 4 Task 4 Implementation 9 5 Task 5 Testing 9 6 Task 6 Demonstration Estimated Resource Requirements Schedules Project Team Information Closing Summary References il iii iv vii viii OADNDDNDMNWWNNN L
10. cate users of the lot may add time via any machine Also DPS will only have to query one machine to receive a complete list of lot activity Lastly this feature combined with a redundant central processor and memory will greatly increase the robustness of the system The new units will also have easier to use interfaces This will allow DPS the ability to easily program in rate changes and holidays This will also make it easier for people parking in the lots to utilize the system Lastly the unit will be implemented with standard off the shelf computer hardware This will decrease the cost to the University both in initial cost and in maintenance cost 2 Operating Environment The designed units will be located outdoors and thus must operate in a large range of temperatures as well as withstand the rain snow and other weather conditions present in Ames Iowa The system will be used on a regular basis and thus must be designed to withstand extended use Lastly the units will be located on a college campus and thus must be resistant to attempts at vandalism 3 Intended Users The users of this system fall into two main groups users of the lots and administrators of the lots The first group is made up of the people that park in the lots This group includes but is not limited to e College students at Iowa State University e Faculty and staff of lowa State University e Visitors to the lowa State campus The second group
11. eptable if it performs all of the desired functions without error and an uptime of seven days is observed 8 6 Security Considerations Security is always a concern when dealing with a system involving monetary transactions As data will be transmitted across an Ethernet link an encryption protocol may be needed Ethernet was selected over wireless for numerous reasons one of them being data security The end product must also be physically secure Physical security will be in the form of a secure enclosure designed to withstand vandalism theft and collision with a motor vehicle This enclosure will have locking panels which give access to the electronic hardware as well as the coin box To make changes to the rate database one must have a key for the physical lock and the computer password 8 7 Safety Considerations This device poses few safety risks However the device does contain electrical components so electrical safety must be addressed throughout the design construction and use of the product 8 8 Intellectual Property Considerations This project introduces significant differences in design and construction when compared to similar systems on the market This should eliminate any trademark infringement issues Previous related works that are consulted in the course of this project will be duly acknowledged Any intellectual property that results from this project will be the property of the team members and the Iowa State Univers
12. f this project Client Doug Houghton Captain Department of Public Safety 31 Armory Building Ames IA 50011 Vox 515 294 1987 Fax 515 294 0383 dad iastate edu Faculty Advisors Dr John Lamont Professor Ralph Patterson HI 324 Town Engineering 326 Town Engineering Iowa State University Iowa State University Ames IA 50010 Ames IA 50010 Vox 515 294 3600 Vox 515 294 2428 Fax 515 294 6760 Fax 515 294 6790 jwlamont iastate edu repili iastate edu Team Members Joe Reinsma CprE John Goldbach CprE Mikel Bezdek CprE 530 Welch Ave 10 225 N Hyland 1331 Frederickson Court Ames IA 500104 Ames IA 50014 Ames IA 50010 952 239 2449 952 237 8565 515 572 7640 jreinsma iastate edu jgold iastate edu mbezdek iastate edu Andrew Ross EE Irsan Halim CprE 124 N Franklin 632 Squaw Creek 3 Ames IA 50014 Ames IA 50010 319 350 9496 515 441 0389 ajross iastate edu ihalim iastate edu 21 13 Closing Summary The need for a powerful and easy to use yet cost effective solution for managing vehicle parking on the campus of Iowa State University has never been greater Solutions currently available are not feature rich enough too difficult for easy use or are too expensive It is for these reasons that the University is commissioning the creation of the multiple space parking meter system described in this document The system resulting from the work of this project team wil
13. foreseen reason Many of the items used are produced in low volume and are not always readily available This risk will be mitigated by thoroughly researching hardware selections The hardware will be selected as modular as possible so no one specific component is irreplaceable 8 11 Project Proposed Milestones and Evaluation Criteria e Project definition Proper completion of this milestone will be the definition of a problem area intended uses and users design assumptions limitations and approaches project resource requirements tracking and monitoring procedures and evaluation criteria e Research and technology The information gained by research into the advantages and disadvantages of hardware and software selections will be used to select a suitable selection of hardware and software elements to construct the parking meter system 11 Design Proper completion of this milestone will result in the creation of a device design that meets the needs of the client and gets the approval of the faculty advisors This will include the selection of hardware and software that can be acquired for a prototype demonstration of concept Implementation The actual software coding of the parking meter system includes generating the code for various subsystems including communication between devices a database of rates and generating statistical data Testing Verifying the code was correctly implemented and that it meets the client s
14. her than one large table Relations between each table can be established and information can be retrieved using structured query language SQL RAM Random Access Memory the primary working memory in a computer used for the temporary storage of programs and data and in which the data can be accessed directly and modified SQL A standardized language that approximates the structure of natural English for obtaining information from databases USB Universal Serial Bus a plug and play interface between a computer and peripheral devices such as printers modems and keyboards Visual Basic A programming language and environment developed by Microsoft based on the BASIC language using graphical programming environment and a paint metaphor for developing user interfaces Wired Ethernet A trademark for a system for exchanging messages between computers on a local area network using wired coaxial fiber optic or twisted pair cables vi Abstract There are several pay for parking lots on the Iowa State campus managed by the Department of Public Safety DPS Currently two of these lots are controlled by multi space parking meter systems located near the lots Several undesirable aspects of these units have left DPS searching for a better solution This project will provide a solution by developing a multi space meter system that provides the same functionalities as the current units as well as adding new functions The developed system wi
15. ies of the current system DPS must be able to change rates and holidays without outside assistance The units must allow users to add time to their current amount of time The system must provide information on current stall payment status paid or unpaid for DPS enforcement The system must accommodate time of day and holiday rates The unit must have a receipt printer which will print receipts upon request 7 Expected End Product and Other Deliverables The end products of this project will be a prototype multi space parking meter system a user manual and a technical specification These deliverables are described below e Multi space parking meter system The system will consist of a set of units configured to communicate with each other and able accommodate a lot size of up to 1000 parking spaces The master unit will store all of the lot information and the slave unit s will offer the same user interface but will use data from the master unit The system will allow patrons of the lot to pay for parking and allow DPS to monitor the usage and enforcement of the lot e User Manual The user manual will be a document describing the operation of the machines in a non technical manner that can be understood by any user of the system These operations described in the manual include monitoring occupancy making rate changes and enforcement functions A preliminary manual will be delivered when the system becomes ready for testing
16. ine the current project status If the actual progress has not met the planned progress steps will be taken to determine the cause of the delay the impact on the overall schedule and to identify corrective measures to compensate for schedule variance e The planned budget will be compared to the actual expenditure by analyzing expenditures to date and estimating cost to and at completion These tracking measures will be used to provide critical project information without becoming an excessive burden Microsoft Project will be used to help automate the tracking procedures and project management 13 9 Statement of Work The following is a formal statement of work containing a hieratical list of major tasks and subtasks containing their objectives approaches and results Task 1 Problem definition e Objective Define the problem thoroughly taking into consideration all possible users uses technological approaches and design approaches to reduce cost and time e Approach Gather complete information about the problem from the client faculty advisors and potential users of the system e Result Complete problem definition containing uses users assumptions limitations functional requirements management procedures and success evaluation criteria Task 2 Research and Technology e Objective Research select and obtain the hardware and software that will best produce completion of the project e Approach Consult
17. ist of Figures Figure 1 Gantt Chart Project tasks and subtasks 19 Figure 2 Gantt Chart Project deliverables 19 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Project milestones and importance Milestone evaluation Personnel effort requirements Other resource requirements Financial requirements iii 11 11 15 16 17 List of Symbols and Definitions A lt I O n M D Assembly language A low level computer language that consists of mnemonic codes and symbolic addresses corresponding to machine language instructions C A high level object oriented programming language C An object oriented programming language based on the design principles of Java Java A high level object oriented programming language that allows small application programs to be downloaded from a server to a client along with the data that each program processes developed by Sun Microsystems LCD Liquid crystal display a low power digital display that uses liquid crystal cells that change reflectivity in an applied electronic field iv y OUV QO 2 Motherboard For this project it is a main circuit board of the embedded computer through which all signals are directed MySQL MySQL is a fast relational database manager A database manager enables adding retrieving and processing information stored in a database The relational aspect of MySQL means that data is stored in separate tables rat
18. ity Department of Public Safety 8 9 Commercialization Considerations When compared to popular models currently on the market the system in development adds features and functionality while drastically decreasing cost As a result the probability of successfully marketing a product based upon the system currently in development is high 8 10 Possible Risks and Risk Management A number of potential risks have been identified e Loss of a team member In the event a team member is lost the work assigned to that member will be redistributed This risk will be mitigated by implementing a buddy system where at least two members of the group undertake an assigned task 10 e Lack of technical expertise A large loss of productivity may be incurred when team members spend time gaining familiarity with a new technical aspect This particular risk is pre anticipated and its effects are mitigated by appropriately allocating time e Equipment damage Unintended damage to project hardware components will take a toll in both time and replacements costs This risk will be mitigated by properly handling and storing all equipment e Inadequate budget If the amount of funding for the designed project can not be attained the original plan will be revised Solutions could include looking for donations removing features or accepting hardware of lower quality e Equipment availability Essential hardware may not be available for some un
19. l exceed the University s current needs and will allow for easy modification in order that it may continue to meet the University s needs for years to come This will result in increased revenues for the University and will allow those managing parking to focus on other duties 14 References Prototype Parking Metering System May 04 02 10 February 2004 from http sd theotron5000 com files designdocument pdf 22
20. ll be more cost effective will be easier to use for people parking in the lots and will make management of the lots more straightforward and more effective for DPS This will make for a better experience for those using the system and will allow DPS to focus resources on other more pressing issues vii Acknowledgement The team would like to acknowledge the following people for their contributions both financially and intellectually to the project Doug Houghton Captain Department of Public Safety Iowa State University We would also like to thank the course instructor and project advisors Dr John W Lamont and Professor Ralph Patterson III for their guidance and advice regarding the project viii 1 Problem Statement The following sections will provide a general overview of the problem that this project seeks to address as well as the proposed method of solving it 11 General Problem Statement At Iowa State University as at other colleges around the United States many issues arise concerning the availability of parking on or near campus This has led to the development of several pay for parking lots on the Iowa State campus Currently use of these lots is controlled through centralized units that are able to monitor multiple spaces at once This provides some advantages over traditional parking meters from an administrative standpoint e g money can be collected at once from a central location However while the curre
21. mentation of the project e Approach Examine the needs of the demonstration and plan the demonstration to meet those needs e Result The demonstration will show successful implementation of the project by showing its functionality and robustness The demonstration will verify that the project met all of its requirements 15 10 Estimated Resources and Schedule This section describes the current estimates of resource requirements and the project schedules Table 3 shows the projected personnel effort of individual team members for each of the following tasks e Task 1 Project definition e Task 2 Research and technology e Task 3 Design e Task 4 Implementation e Task 5 Testing verification e Task 6 Demonstration e Overhead Weekly meetings discussions travel time and other misc items Table 3 Personnel Effort Requirements Personnel Hour Name Task Task Task Task Task Task Overhead TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joe 11 12 36 76 16 13 45 209 Reinsma Mikel 10 10 31 76 17 12 44 205 Bezdek John 12 10 34 78 16 12 44 206 Goldbach Andrew 12 10 30 74 16 12 40 199 Ross Irsan 10 10 29 77 15 12 45 201 Halim TOTAL 55 52 160 387 82 61 223 1020 16 Table 4 and Table 5 summarize the estimated financial cost of equipments and other resource requirements to design a working prototype Table 4 Other Resource Requirements
22. nt system currently has some benefits there is still much left to be desired The fact that the units cannot communicate with one another means that if a space is paid for on one machine time can only be added later to that same exact machine Also when the lot is checked for offenders each machine must be queried individually which increases the time to check the lot Lastly this has implications for robustness If one unit is disabled all the data stored there is lost Another undesirable aspect of the current system is that the units are very hard to program DPS would like to be able to set the hourly rates of the lots as well as program in university holidays In the current system doing so requires a specialist This process is both expensive and time consuming The project will be achieved by utilizing the efforts of two teams May 04 02 and Dec 04 02 May 04 02 will be responsible for the slave units while Dec 04 02 will be responsible for the master unit 1 2 General Solution Approach The solution proposed by this project is to provide a system to monitor the pay for parking lots that will have all the benefits of the current system as well as to improve on its negative aspects The system will be more user friendly more cost effective more durable and easier to maintain In this solution control of the parking lots will be implemented with several multi space communicating units Because the units will be able to communi
23. standardized nature easier maintenance and better expandability The unit requires a robust and feature filled software package To meet this need a technical approach involves the use of C C for the creation of software and using Windows XP as an operating system This approach would make for a modular robust and easily modified software product The project team has extensive experience with this language so there would be a rapid development process MySQL is being considered as a language to create the database and should work well with the Windows XP operating system 8 5 Testing Requirements Considerations The following is a definition of the methodologies and acceptance criteria to be used in the testing of the intermediate and end products resulting from this project e Testing of hardware O The communications hardware needs to be able to operate properly in the wide range of temperatures and other environmental variables discussed above communicating without error and with sufficient speed for the application O The hardware as a whole will be deemed acceptable if it all operates properly under the aforementioned conditions If any one type of hardware fails the tests alternative hardware must be selected to replace this undesirable hardware e Testing of software O The software needs to be tested to ensure that it functions as desired and is sufficiently robust to withstand daily use O The software will be deemed acc
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