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Solidyne 562dsp AM

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1. 3 Equipo Monitor 3 Mouse y otros dispositivos se aladores Otros dispositivos se Procesadores 4 Puertos COM amp LPT F Puerto de comunicaciones COMI IF Puerto de impresora ECP LPT1 y gt Teclados Unidades de disco H tinid sda de T 0 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 au VirtualRack software automatically explores the first 5 ports to detect de 562dsp IP hardware 2 5 3 Accessing from Internet If you want access to a 562dsp IP located out side your LAN there are two possible ways in which the device can be connected to the net work The unit is connected directly to Internet In this case you must enter the IP address as signed by the Internet provider ISP The unit is connected in another LAN with shared Internet access In order to accede from an remote PC to the LAN you must configure the router of that LAN to redirect the packages SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor incoming by port 1101 to local IP address as signed to 562dsp IP in our example 192 168 0 11 and redirect also the port 65535 The following is an illustrative example the screen of present configuration depends on your router Q atr s y 36 a LA B squeda 57 Favoritos Na ur a j la Direcci n G http 192 168 0 1 index asp Y ES Ir v nculos Google Gir y aog Er Ly Bookmarks Sh 1762 blocked Y Check v O setting Gr gt AS Ser Mus rio MB ick Setup S4General Setup Status Info
2. pact program MUST BE CUSTOMIZED maintaining the equalization used for the music In conventional AM SRS 3D processing is only on the curve of the tonal sound SRS TruBass and SRS Focus Logically there is no SRS 3D effect on a mono signal This feature works on stereo transmissions IBOC and Web casting Anyway do not get great stereo effects of expan sion on the voices since these are usually mono the same signal on both channels e Remember that you can use an adjustment for voices and another for music This feature rarely is needed in AM P gina 19 4 3 USER PROGRAMS Default programs cannot be edited To make a customized program start looking for that preset that more approaches to the sound that you want for the radio and copy it to a user memory Now you can change the values in the user memory To copy a program proceeds as following 4 3 1 COPY PGM At the main menu enter to the option COPY PGM A screen will appear to define KESSEL MCOHFIRH 01 Jazz Classica 26 Usar mem 17 Cop 1 Source program From Number name of the program that you want to copy To select this option turns the JOG ob serves the arrow and touch it briefly to confirm Soon turns the JOG again to explore the programs and touch briefly to confirm 2 Destiny program To Number name of destiny program To change it proceed like in the previous step In order to confirm the action turn the JOG to se lec
3. stem Tools NETWORKING PEOPLE TOGETHER System Port Forwarding e WAN Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network services to a e LAN specific machine behind the NAT firewall These settings are only necessary if you wish to host some sort of server like a web server or mail server on the private local network Wireless behind your Gateway s NAT firewall 8008 NAT Enable Port Forwarding Type PortRange Comment Both B Po o CJ Current Port Forwarding Table me Perfume Commen Sue 1 192 168 0 11 TCP UDP 1001 VA 1B El 2 192 168 0 11 UDP 65535 WA 16 aux O Delete Selected Delete All Reset C Apply Y Cancel Some routers offer the option Virtual Server that is similar but more outpost than the Port Forwarding Soon you will have to install in your PC with Connection Wizard the virtual serial port The IP address here entered is the extern al address of the local area network Specify the Device Server Device Server is not accessible from this PC Device Server is accessible from this PC C Enable MAC gt IP mapping IP address 200 42 72 152 Access method for Wizard configuration process Dutof Band UDF v Access port 65535 In order to know the external IP you must see the settings information of your router Now you can run Virtual Rack end user software so that that it communic
4. an outburst of laughter the AGC reduces its level abruptly and takes soon in recovering its level Then the effect will be simil ar to somebody lowered the volume e For music it agrees that the recovery time be slow If it s fast the dynamic of the music are completely lost 4 4 2 4 Hold This is a gated AGC For this reason when the input signal falls abruptly the AGC does not compensate its gain but that congeals their current value remaining in that state until the signal exceeds the hold threshold Otherwise the AGC would compensate the input level continuously increasing the background noise in the pauses due to the signal absence the AGC would increase its possible gain to the maxim um The Gated AGC solves this disadvantage Strictly speaking AGC value is not congealed but that slips slowly towards O dB to avoid that it is hooked if the signal remains with low level slope 0 75 dB each 13 seconds 4 5 minutes from 15 dB On the other hand you can adjust the HOLD threshold to conserve part of the dynamic range of the music That is to say if a forte passage is followed by a subtle appearance of an instrument the AGC will hold its gain level giving rise to the contrast of loud ness When the piano passage reaches the HOLD level the AGC releases and begins to increase their gain according to the recovery time 4 4 2 5 Threshold Change the expander threshold from 50 dB to 80 dB in
5. channels muted Reestablishing the signal in Auto Search mode After losing AES 3 or in absence AES sig nal or absence of audio in this digital signal the equipment switches automatically to the analogic al mode The reestablishment to the digital mode happens in immediately in case signal AES 3 is had completely lost Since when recognizing a val ued digital carrier the processor quickly returns to use the digital audio like source of incoming sig nal In case the digital signal exists but the same one contains silence the processor operates as follows At intervals of 5 minutes the processor in terrupts briefly 1 sec the audio on the left chan nel connecting in its place the digital signal of the left channel verifying soon if the digital signal were reestablished If it continues in absolute si lence then it reestablishes the analogical signal This process is repeated time and time again until as returns signal AES 3 When the digital audio re appears the processor returns to digital mode While the digital signal remains absent the audio on the left channel is briefly muted at intervals of 5 minutes to alarm to the engineers of the radio and to the operators that the processor is working with the analogical backup inputs This has been intentionally designing in this way since otherwise an accurate confirmation does not exist on problems in the signal AES 3 3 2 1 2 INPUT LEVEL Define the nominal level of
6. 562dsp broadcast audio processor P gina 27 Page 28 SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor 562dsp AM can be controlled from a computer using an RS 232 connection The software 562d sp VirtualRack offers numerous features a Change a preset using a drop down menu b Create and edit the programs with an ad vanced graphical interface e Save the user programs to the HD as backup or to transfer them to others units e Program the software to change the pro cessing according to a scheduling In this way you can increase the sound energy of the radio in the hours of traffic congestion vehicle for reaching the strongest car radio receivers when in the downtown area For other sched ules can be used softer adjustments to late at night to have a very soft schedule to accom pany the music The frequent change of pro cessing avoids the fatigue that occurs when listening to the radio sounds always the same throughout the day Note This option requires a PC permanently connected to the team run ning 562dsp VirtualRack e Change the processing using the on air auto mation software Solidyne Audicom 7 It allows using different processing for different music s styles 5 2 Installing VirtualRack software runs on Windows 2000 XP With the unit you receive a CD ROM that contains the software Insert the CD into de CD ROM play er The installer must run automatically If this not happen explore the CD to loc
7. 70s these functions begin to be automatic based on the characteristics of the audio signal but having at the same time a control on their action to be able to customize the sound When five or more devices are grouped in a same equipment they begin to be denominated AUDIO PROCESSORS Since 1970 Solidyne introduces important ad vances in this field like the invention of a con trol technique based on FET s with guided gate see publication in Rev Tel Electr nica September 70 They follow diverse publications having particular international relevance the work published in June 76 at the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society New York U S A where a new concept was intro duced that persist to the present time PHSICOACUSTIC PROCESSING This new technique is the base for all the mod ern audio processors for broadcasting use The ne cessity to process the phase to make symmetrical the human voice waveform is another one of the techniques that Solidyne has introduced interna tionally see mentioned article AES Today our ideas are used by Orban Omnia Aphex etc The concept of psychoacoustic processing is simple in essence although of complex accom plishment It consists of analyzing the way in which the sound is perceived by our ear consider SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor Section 6 Audio processing for broadcasting ing diverse investigations and de veloped acoustic models The brain
8. AM IP allows direct connection to the LAN You can run the software Virtu alRack from another terminal to control the 562d sp IP With the appropriate network configuration you can adjust the sound of the radio in real time from your Laptop while drinking a cup of coffee at the living room of your home listening you fa vorite audio system which sound you know very well C St By the other hand this feature allows to adjust the processing from far distances to optimize the reception in areas with marginal coverage Please see 2 5 Ethernet connection SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor Section 3 Starting up and operation 3 1 3 Using the jog wheel All the installation settings and each parameter of audio processing are managed with the JOG wheel into a friendly graphic interface The frontal panel presents a big blue screen of dot matrix and a rotating control JOG with push but ton Their use is very simple Turn the JOG control to select an option or to change values i e changing levels select Yes No etc To confirm an option value press the JOG briefly It s like make click with the mouse Push and hold the JOG by a second to enter to the Main Menu or to cancel a screen It s the equivalent to double click with a mouse 3 1 4 Password You can define a password of 3 characters let ters numbers and signs to avoid that non author ized people make changes o
9. Audio generator at 1KHz on both input channels adjust the AGC so it compress 15db Output Connect a dB meter on right audio output XLR Procedure a Select the program N 28 b Under this conditions the audio output must be 2dBm 6 dB below the nominal level of 4dBm By the other hand no of the 4 bands must enter compression c Proceed to measure the total harmonic distor tion THD It must be around 0 01 d Repeat for the other channel Page 40 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor Analog Input Digital Input Analog Output Digital Output AUDIO TX AM Processing Technology MPX Post Processing Frequency Response Harmonic Distortion THD Noise Stereo Separation Subsonic Filter Asymmetry Canceling Linear Expander Gated Wide Band AGC Multiband Compressors Compressors Attack Re lease Time IM Canceled Clipper Fast Clipper Density Equalizer Low pass filter Storage of Preset Settings RS 232 PC control Super Modulation RS 232 PC control AM FM compatible Processing Bands and stages LCD Display RDS Encoder Power Dimensions SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor Section 8 Technical specifications 600 10 K balanced XLR 50 dB CM Rejection 20 15 Khz Input level selected by software in 1 dB steps Sigma Delta converters 24 bits 192 Khz Optional AES 3 digital balanced input Z 110 ohms Automatic selection of 32 44 1 48 96 amp 192 Khz with sample
10. E SIY Lia LF JO WHN3 Jonas tT ON YO y AMLAWISS y ISvHd SIY WERE Hala daly vai SINOSENS SEU EIE india pasunng Page 33 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor 2 2 2 24 BITS 192 KHZ A D CONVERTER This module converts the analogical audio signal to digital audio with 24 bits of resolution with a sample rate of 192 KHz Digital Input Resampler AES 3 input supports resolutions of 16 24 bits and Fs from 32 up to 208 KHz An stage called resampler converts the digital in put signal to 24 bits 96 KHz the resolution that the processor uses internally From here and until the signal returns to the ana logical domain D A converter all process descript are made into the DSP s using complex algorithms N REMEMBER e In case of failure in the digital signal the unit automatically changes to the analogical inputs 6 2 3 PEAKS SIMETRIZER PHASE ASSIMETRY CANCELLER It is well known the fact that by a particularity disposition of the vocal cords the sonorous emis sions that these generate are asymmetric triangu lar pulses The three cavities that filter and shape these fomants to obtain the vocal sounds do not modify this intrinsic characteristic of the human voice All the spoken word and still sung is strongly asymmetric This creates an important reduction of the en ergy of the audio signal particularly when it pass through a compressor because the compressor sets its c
11. S Stevens The direct estimations of sensory magnitudes loudness American J Psychol 69 1 25 1956 3 S S Stevens Concerning the form of the loudness function ASA Journal Vol 29 pg 603 606 1957 4 E Zwicker Flottrop Stevens critical bandwidth in loudness sumation ASA Journal Vol 29 pg 548 557 1957 Page 3 5 Stanley Gelfand Hearing pg 392 Edited by M Dekker N York 1990 6 Oscar Bonello NEW IMPROVEMENTS IN AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING Journal of the Audio Engineer ing Society Vol 24 N 5 USA 1976 7 Oscar Bonello PC CONTROLLED PSYCHOACOUS TIC AUDIO PROCESSOR 94th Audio Convention Ber lin March 1993 8 Oscar Bonello Burst Masking Anales del Il Con greso lberoamericano de Ac stica Madrid October 2000 9 National Radio Systems Committee NRSC 1 NRSC AM preemphasis deemphasis and broadcast au dio transmission bandwidth specification July 1998 Page 38 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor 7 1 MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL Next instructions describes how to make diverse measurements in case that you wants to test the technical specifications of this unit 7 1 1 Checking the INPUT LEVELS Input Audio generator at 1 KHZ on both input channels the amplitude will be varied throughout the test Output Oscilloscope on XLR audio output Procedure a Select the program N 28 b Adjust the input level of the processor at 8dBm and check that fo
12. are 40 Hz 50 Hz and 60 Hz At 60 Hz frequencies up to 180 Hz are processed so you must use moderate levels of SRS TruBass at 60 Hz to avoid an excessive boost in low mid frequencies 40 Hz brings a boosting at very low frequencies very nice to ob tain deep basses on medium sized speakers Take in mind that SRS TruBass processes the sig nal previous to multi band compression For that reas on attack and recovery times of LF Band compressor have great influence over the perceived effect Slow attack and moderate release times are recommended for the low band when SRS TruBass is used Pagina 25 Please refer to 562dsp preset programs to learn how our engineers have selected those settings 4 4 4 2 SRS 3D Enhancement ONLY FOR WEBCASTING and DIGITAL AM The 3D Stereo Image Enhancer uses two al gorithms that are in charge of the vertical and hori zontal image enhancement SRS Focus Vertical image It expands the son orous image in the vertical plane elevating the perceived height of the audio source loudspeak ers Take in mind that this processing affects the spec trum balance sine you will note changes in the general equalization when changing the position of Focus control The Focus control has a scale marked in degrees correlating to the apparent elevation of the sound source over the real position of the loudspeakers taking as a reference the horizontal plane This control affects the gene
13. explained later another objective of the processing is to increase the energy in the entire audio spectrum to produce the maximum possible modulation in the RF carrier which is translated in greater radiated energy improving the transmis sion reach in marginal areas For this the pro cessor applies a complex procedure of compres sion on each audio band producing greater sen sation of loudness to the ear The size of each luminous bar indicates the com pression degree at every moment Its effects ob viously changes according to the different types of music and voice but in general can say that when a band indicator begins to light values up to 10 dB the action is smooth and is totally accepted by the human ear With values of 15 dB or greater will notice a greater sonorous force being a level of extreme processing Another important value to consider is the recov ery time This is the time that takes a band in re covering its previous gain This is evident at first viewing the indicators The slower it s the recov ery the processing sound soft and the music sounds natural However when they are fast an increase of the loudness takes place but the sound can becomes more rough gt AES In indicates if the unit is using the digital input It activates just at the moment at which the digital data enter M digital input O analog input gt Finally the screen shows the name and number of the cu
14. in the file serial ini 6 To access from outside to the LAN please refers to 2 9 3 Accessing from Internet 2 5 1 Setup Connect the 562dsp AM IP to the LAN and turn on Next to the connector RJ45 a green LED will light If amber LED lights then the network de tected is of 100Mbps Install and run DS Manager tool which provides in 562dsp AM IP CD ROM folder IP ACCESS This tool will show all active units connected to your LAN Each unit has a MAC address Ethernet card address that is unique and comes fixed from factory and an IP ad dress that you can change freely Page 11 File Access mode Device Server Help Auto Discovery Address Book Status MAC IP Owner Device name Refresh PAA MD 0 202 0 1 15 22 192 168 0 11 local FM POWER MBB IP Settings Upgrade Initialize Routing Status Change IP a a Find Device Server is operating normally Connection is closed Device Server is idle Select the unit from the list and press the button Settings Here you can define a new IP In this example the local area network uses address like 192 168 0 x to accede from any terminal of that network to 562dsp AM IP you need that IP address is compatible Assign a fixed IP that it does not generate conflicts with another termin al in the example 192 168 0 11 If you have a DHCP server you can obtain a dynamic IP ad dress although if IP changes frequently will re quire changes in t
15. of course is not a novelty for the conscious audio engineers around the World Therefore the line of SOLIDYNE processors has distortion val ues smaller than 0 02 Friendly interface 562dsp has many of its automatically fit functions under control of the program of audio But there are essential controls for customize the sound of the radio The unit has several programs fit in laboratory for an optimal performance with different types from sonorous material These programs allow you to be on the air in immediate form Soon you can copy the program chosen to a user memory and modify the adjustments to customize the sound When finalizing the adjustment assigns a password to the equipment to maintain the configuration unalterable Only the engineer who has the password can alter the sound of the ra dio Page 32 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor 6 2 Solidyne 562dsp psycho acoustic digital processor model 562dsp AM Blocks diagram 6 2 1 was CEL ING TUSO lt DUR 4 07 lt SlidlNO SOTrNY ONVE 030N31X3 SIS YHdIV3 30 StS Hd td SOS dtd Oo ONIN 39D PSU OYU0O d Disks UA JS nduuoo PU DA F IO ZUM F HUNI di ONG NY MILLIWSNYAL NY OL Olan UOyBZIDNSS DSUN SINO OIPND PSouHjoO Aly UALS THUS 3ddITI 3 LANA SS YA MOT O3MM3DNYOD ALISNIO 153 SONVE F A dANOD Wid ZUM SL MOLN TOON FALE Od Pre 05 Od di HITAAN SI
16. rate converter 128 dB Dynamic Range 117 dB THD to avoid jitter 600 balanced XLR output level 4 dBm Sigma Delta converters 24 bits 192 Khz Optional AES 3 digital balanced output Z 110 ohms FS 48 or 96 Khz selected by software NRSC 1 equalization curve Hi cutoff selectable between 5 KHz or 7 5 KHz default by internal jumper DSP Digital Signal Processing Total CPU power 2 700 MIPS SuperModulation exclusive Solidyne technology at 608 Khz oversampling Fast clipper DC 10 Mhz wideband channel to avoid audible artifacts 20 15 000 Hz 0 25 dB Flat mode XLR out or digital AES 3 Out Output without pre em phasis THD below 0 008 30 15 Khz Flat Mode Dynamic Range 95 dBA 75 dBA 1 KHz gt 65 dBA 30 15 000 Hz Chebyshev FC 20 Hz 25 dB rejection at 10 Hz Phase processing technology with Kahn Bonello algorithms Cancelling Factor 8 1 Range 20 dB Attack amp Release time software controlled Range 30 dB Attack Release time amp Threshold controlled from LCD screen DSP controlled Five Bands Crossover 24dB oct Max compression 30dB Slope 10 1 Attack and Release controlled separately IM canceling factor greater than 30 dB below 250 Hz Four channels absolutely alias free using DC 10 Mhz bandwidth channel Four bands density equalizer with 15 dB range at the output of multiband compressors 15 Khz digital low pass FIR filter 60 dB rejection at 19 Khz 30 programs that can be changed on air from PC computer usin
17. steps of 1 dB This level is referred to OVU input overload level The threshold is the point from which Pagina 21 the expander begins to reduce its gain as signal level is reduced The object of the expander is to improve the signal noise relation on the air This is because the multiband compression although increases the loudness reduces relation S R This effect would be annoying but for the action of the expander 4 4 3 AUDIO EQ This stage involves 4 parametric EQ s that defines seven fixed equalization curves First 4 curves are for FM and the others are for AM Turn the JOG to select the curves Option OFF disables the EQ The influence of this equalization on the sound is remarkable since it works on narrow band of fre quencies whereas the multiband processor uses more wide bands That is why the multi band does not cancel the action of audio EQ even with gains of 3 dB Audio EQ must be used taking in mind others set tings of processing chain specially the Density EQ Next a general description of the criteria used for the qualization T 5 TREE E _ x EQ INFO ku EL M CONFIRM o 4 BANOS 3 PARAMETRIC EG y FRESETABLE mer TT rales Tr TF Low frequencies below 90 Hz are attenuated 12 dB octave since they don t adds substantial char acteristics to the sound of the human voice and re quires big loudspeakers to be played Mid lows with hi definition An attenuation centered at 200 Hz
18. the different presets programs names changes Pressing briefly the wheel load the pro gram changing the processing and the sound on the air The 15 PRESET PROGRAMS can not be changed You have 15 USER MEMORIES to create your own adjustments You can start copying a preset program to a user memory and soon modifying it Page 5 1 2 Brief diagram for general connections AM TRANSMITTER AM AUDIO TX 1 1 XLR to XLR cable WEBCASTING 3 stereo balanced out PC for streaming RF LINK 2 Studio to Transmission Plant DIGITAL AUDIO CONECTION 1 female XLR to male XLR OPTIONAL ANALOGICAL AUDIO CONECTION 4 2 female XLR to male XLR 1 562dsp AM has the audio output duplicated for AM transmission Second output can be used to conect a back up transmitter 2 In previous example the link from Studio to Transmission Plant was made using an RF link and transport the processed audio from 562dsp AM to the transmitter located far from the Studio In others configurations processor locates at the transmission plant and STL transport the PGM signal you can use a second link for backup In this case remote control of 562dsp AM can be made if the link has an available a data channel Page 6 On Air CONSOLE for send RS 232 data or using an 562dsp AM IP which allows remote access via Ethernet network 3 The audio output for webcasting is stereo with extended range 20 Hz 1
19. the console applying a specific pro cessing to obtain high impact voices This is a very useful feature since it s not possible to obtain an adjustment that sounds optimal for music and voice simultaneously for being two au dio signals morphologically different The attack and recovery times of the AGC differ sensibly for both cases and must be carefully fit to avoid that its action is audible This option is disabled from factory program 30 Mic processing off In order to enable it select Mic processing PGM and choose a program cre ated for voices for example 09 VOICE IMPACT The commutation controls from a connector in the rear panel detailed in the installation chapter see 2 5 Console MIC Start When you open the microphone faders in the con sole 562dsp AM make a smooth transition chan ging the values of the adjustments gradually This is because a sudden change could cause a click on the air Before proceeding please consider the following recommendations The programs for music and voice do not have to be radically different The gains of the density EQ and the AGC output must stay without greater variations The differ ences will be fundamentally in the attack and recovery times of the AGC and the multiband compressor It agrees to create the adjustment for voices starting from the adjustment chosen for music The attack and recovery times used for music usually are slower than t
20. the input signal So that the AGC automatic gain control operates correctly is very important to fit this level correctly This value must agree with the nominal output level of your console in the case of Solidyne consoles this level is 4 dBm NOTE If you unknown the output level of your console put the console s level at O VU peak and reads the level in the 562dsp s input VU meters With the adequate input level the AGC will work with around 10 to 15 dB of gain reduction This can be seen in AGC indicator who will have to in dicate 15 dB with strong program signal lowering to 8 dB or less when the signal reduces If the pro gram signal level abruptly falls the indication HOLD appears SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor Overload warning OVL appears in the main screen when the input signal reaches 10 dBm that is to say 8 dB before the digital clipping threshold placed at 18 dBm The indication dis appears last 5 sec if the clipping disappears The digital input fulfills recommendation AES K12 applied to broadcasting which takes as reference for O VU a digital input level of 12 dBFS This im plies 12 dB of headroom Input level can not be changed when digital input is used 3 2 2 OUTPUT SETUP OUT FILTER HRSG FINED DIGITAL OUT 96 kha 43EKH2 3 2 2 1 OUT LEVEL It refers to the analog audio output for AM trans mission The level changes from 4 dBm to 12 dBm
21. to define the recovery time of WB Limiter Fast recovery times lt 100 mS increase the loudness overall in the indication of the modulation meters but generate a sound more harsh Adjustments between 100 and 150 mS provide a warm sound and good loudness P gina 23 Above 150 mS sound action is fully transparent but the loudness slightly lower The limiter works with a system of automatic gain control AGC which reduces the gain in program passages with high density of peaks This avoids excessive limiting of the signal 4 4 6 SRS WOW Its an audio processing technology esco developed by SRS Labs Inc USA in ternational leader on psychoacoustic processing 562dsp incorporates the SRS WOW algorithms providing a Dynamic range improvement of high com pressed signals b Stereo image widening c Low frequencies improvement low frequency bass perception is increased even in small speakers These audio enhancement features immerse the listener into an engaging and powerful FM trans mission SRS WOW accomplishes this by provid ing a panoramic three dimensional audio image while increasing perceived bass response well beyond the low frequency limitations of the re ceiver s speakers A specially useful feature when listening in automobiles and portable equipment with headphones In comparison with a conven tional transmission a radio station with SRS WOW processing appears to the listeners with greater reli
22. uses to process audio data the in formation that arrives through 30 000 nervous fibers originating at the Basilar membrane Then it will be possible to be computed the auditory reactions and to be governed all the aspects of the audio processing This way the electronic system works transforming the Original signal into another one of greater en ergy and greater quality of sound Then it will be possible to reduce the dynamic range of the audio signals to eliminate the peaks and even to clip them partially to increase its energy If this were made directly obeying to purely electronic concepts of efficiency the quality would be degraded and the sound would be very poor If however the psycho acoustic concepts are applied and factors like the aural masking the pre and post pulse inhibitions the Hass effect the reflections at the ear pinna the aural models of Dr Karjalainen etc it will be possible to create a new generation of processors that allow to important increases of energy increasing at the same time the sensation of Perceived Sound Quality At the light of these discoveries the psychoacoustics processing was defined in these terms PHSYCO ACOUSTIC PROCESSING is the technique that allows to in crease the range of AM or ste reo FMtransmission by increas ing the energy of the audio signal and also increasing the quality of sound perceived by the listener Nevertheless it is fundamental thr
23. 2 2 11 LOW PASS 15 KHz DIGITAL FILTER In FM transmission in order to be in agreement with the standards a 15KHz low pass filter is at the input of the stereo coder which produces an attenuation gt 50 dB at 16 6 KHz to avoid interfer ence with the RDS sub carrier and gt 60 at the pi lot tone 19 KHz Is an digital elliptical filter of great stability This filter also guarantees that not exist spurious components at the RDS band of 57KHz In AM models this philters is included to offers the FM characteristics at the digital outputs and exten ded rage analog outputs Anyway the audio qual ity that offers these outputs overpass the features that currently offers Internet and AM digital 6 2 12 AM BANDWIDTH PHILTER amp NRSC 1 By default the bandwidth at TX audio output is 40 Hz to 7 5 KHz High frequency cut can be changed to 5 KHz by internal jumper as was de tailed in 2 3 1 1 AM Audio Bandwidth The audio output for A M transmission complies with regulations of the National Radio Systems Committee NRSC which sets the standard by NRSC 1 pre emphasis de emphasis curves see ref 9 and maximum bandwidth to transmit Norm NRSC 1 defines a pre emphasis curve of 75 uS that allows to obtain optimums results in all re ceivers This device complies with norms NRSC 2 about interference on adjacent channels REFERENCES 1 S S Stevens The measurement of loudness ASA Journal Vol 27 pg 815 2 S
24. 5 KHz Is a good solu tion for retransmit the emission through Internet 4 Although the processor connects to the console via AES 3 or a digital link we recommend to connect the analog audio or analog link for back up In case of absence of digital signal 562dsp AM automatically switch to the analog in puts AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp 1 3 Understanding the main screen Next you will see an overview on the 562dsp AM main screens Later each processing stages and its settings screens are fully analyzed When the unit starts up the boot screen appears on both screens showing the current version of the firm ware Once started the unit presents the main screen at the left and the main menu at the right Next the main screen is described briefly as introduction to the 562dsp AM graphical environment The progressive bars show the action of several pro cessor stages The name of the current preset and state of inputs and outputs also appears on this screen From left to right you find ea SEL NGOMFIRM FTCANCE E 0114422 CLASSE 5 E O AEE In Per E 1 10 L IHA A LF CHF 5Ha WLTE SD Ea Co MEMULTIGAMORS eel n Pleny gt The input VU meters L amp R Below the vu meters an overload OVL warning can appear if the input level reach 8 dB before the digital clip ping level 18dBm This warning turns off last 5 seconds when the clipping condition disap pears gt AGC bar show
25. ESSOR MODE Shows the processor type The unit can be pre pared for FM or AM stations This is defined in factory because requires some internal changes in the circuit board as well as a different program ming of the flash memory with the corresponding constants for the AM band Page 18 3 2 4 Adjusting AM modulation Must be done with an oscilloscope increasing the processor s output level Main Menu Output Settings TX AM output maximum level is 12 dBm in bal anced mode Negative peaks must reach exactly to 100 whereas positive peaks can be adjusted between 110 to 130 using the control asymmetric modu lation Exceptionally some modern transmitters supports up to 150 of positive peaks but this extreme set ting generally affects the audio quality SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor 4 1 PROGRAM SELECTION The unit has 15 default programs 00 to 14 and 15 user memories The programs selects from the main screen Turn the JOG to explore the list and touch briefly to put a preset on the air e Note that while you explore the programs over the program name appears the naviga tion instructions ESEL JEECOAFIRMA FLEANCEL 0114427 CLASSIC B e While these instructions are on screen you are in the mode exploring programs e Selecting a program this legend disappears e Touch and hold the JOG to cancel the explor ation The name of the current on air program returns on scr
26. HEE ae 16 DERA SONO rs TR a aa 16 3 2 INSTALLATION SETTINGS 16 3 2MUNPUT SETUP aala do 17 32 A INPUT SELECTION an ee aang An 17 32 12 INPUTLEVER See 17 3 22 OUTPUT SETUP at aa 18 922 1 OUT LEVE Meas fica lO neta ect AT 18 3 2 2 2 AM POSITIVE MODULATION c cccscesssseeesseeeetenen 18 AAA A 18 9 23 PROCESSOR SE UP 18 3 2 3 1 MIC PROCESSING PGM eee 18 3 2 3 2 PASSWORD 19 323 9 PROCESSOR MODE srs iso as ea 19 3 2 4 Adjusting AM modulation s sense 19 Section 4 Processing settings coccococnoonoconanocannas 20 4 1 PROGRAM SELECTION ccoo tad 20 A2 PRESETS iii 20 4 3 USER PROGRAMS ncnion naaa 21 A COPY PGM esse 21 AS ZEBDIEPEM senken 21 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor 4 4 PROGRAM ADJUSTMENTS as 21 4 4 1 PROGRAM NAME eee 21 4 4 2 EXPANDER PAGG une 22 4 4 2 AGE OUT GAIN a ae 22 ANG a di is 22 4 4 2 3 Recovery time aaa 22 44 24 AA AN 22 AA us 22 GAS AUDIO EO ars do So EaD 23 4 4 4 MULTIBAND COMPRESSOR ist tin 23 4 4 5 1 Attack OMS asi en 23 4 4 5 2 Recovery times Gs sas naaa Nad 24 440 DENSITY EO aan khan anna 24 Bass Clipper Punch rss 24 4 4 5 2 Wide Band Limiter WB a 24 BAO SR MONO 2 ca kaan naang eld id 25 4 4 4 1 SRS TUBAS SO een 25 4 4 4 2 SRS 3D Enhancement ccs em 26 Section 5 Remote Control 28 5 2 Installng ada 28 5 3 Using the software unsnsensnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
27. OR mic start JE PUNTA CUERPO SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor N The relay coil voltage depends on the voltage gives by the console When the relay receives voltage the contact is closed activating the Mic Start function in the pro cessor The voice s program remains active while the contact is closed This feature comes disabled from factory In order to use it you must enable the option MIC PROCESSING in the processor setup see 3 2 3 Processor Setup 2 5 Ethernet connection OPTIONAL 562dsp AM IP allows to control the unit via TCP IP protocol Before the detailed explanation a brief description on the settings needed to use 562dsp AM via IP 1 Connect the processor to the LAN Hub Switch or Router 2 Check the IP address of the unit using DS Manager software this tool is available into the folder IP Access in the original CD 3 A PC will be used to run the software and to access to the 562dsp AM hardware We call to this PC remote computer Install in the remote computer the VirtualRack software provided with the unit 4 Install in the remote computer the Virtual Serial Port If there is a Firewall by software or hardware you must enable port 1101 for the communication with the 562dsp AM 5 Run the Virtual Rack software it will explore the first 5 ports to detect the audio processor if not detected you must set the port number
28. SSLIDYNE IGITAL POWEA 962ASP AM 5 bands AM digital audio processor Manual del Usuario 3 de Febrero 3254 C P 1429 Buenos Aires Argentina Phone 54 11 4702 0090 e mail info solidynepro com Fax 54 11 4702 2375 Web www SolidynePRO com Last revision June 2009 Table of contents Table of CONTOS sic ee 3 About this MANUAL sas mussi era sa ad 5 Whats in the DOK aNG GAGANA NAAN 5 About the MONA Gs c2 cris use 5 O aaa 5 Section 1 Quick installation guide 6 1 1 Basic connection and settings s ss 6 1 2 Brief diagram for general connections 7 1 3 Understanding the main screen ss 8 Section 2 Advanced installation 10 PABO AA APA 10 A SOU CO tax aanak dak Paanan 10 A ee 10 2 2 Analogical audio connections usernernnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 10 2 3 Audio OUtPUtS maa PANAO 11 2 3 1 Main output for AM ae 11 2 3 2 WEBCASTING OUTPUT Ser 11 2 3 3 AES 3 OUTPUT FOR DIGITAL AM 11 2 3 3 1 Digital audio ALSO anna 11 2 4 Console MICS tinci n is 12 2 5 Ethernet connection OPTIONAD oococcicccciocionicccncocoooonoo nos 12 A a a ad 12 2 5 2 Accessing from the LAN serenas 13 2 5 3 Accessing from Internet 14 Section 3 Starting up and operation 16 3 1 BASIC ati o ERON RR RR Ein 16 a 018 f cen ticas 16 3 1 2 Modes o di da 16 3 1 3 USING the jog W
29. add air to the sound lower ing mid low components that usually can produces distortion in small speakers generating a confuse sound Vocal presence and loudness reinforcement Finally the curve gives presence and clearly highs to the sound This is obtained emphasizing 6 dB frequencies around 3 5 4 KHz N Curves 1 to 4 are only for FM 5 6 and 7 are designed for AM 4 4 4 MULTIBAND COMPRESSOR The object of the multiband compression is to increase the energy in the entire audible spectrum The theoret ical foundations of this technique are explained in Page 22 Chapter 6 of the 562dsp user s manual Next a brief re view of multiband compression offers and is detailed soon how different processing adjustments affect to music and the word Remember a compressor is basically an amplifier whose gain changes from a certain level of signal This change of gain de nominates compression ratio For example a compressor with a 2 1 ratio will produce an increase of 1dB at on the output when an increase of 2dB takes place in the input In this case the increase of signal on the output was half with respect to the increase on the input The level from which the compressor be gins to be not linear calls compression threshold When the signal surpasses the threshold the compressor begins to work On the other hand when the signal surpasses the threshold the compressor takes a time in reacting to modify its
30. am that never change 4 4 PROGRAM ADJUSTMENTS Choose Edit PGM from main menu to access to this option The screen shows the blocks diagram of the processor showing the main stages in volved in the audio processing The procedure is the same one that in other screens Turn the JOG to select a stage and touch briefly to enter Ca EL N GOMFIRM N ESCUCHA DURANTE LA MODIFICACI N e Next you will see the different ways to create or change the sound of a program Each change that you make will listen on the air Therefore you will have to listen carefully with a good receiver better still tuning Walkman or and an audio amplifier of high quality with good loudspeak ers Not to listen the signal directly from the audio output of 562dsp but the on air signal 4 4 1 PROGRAM NAME Allows change the program name Press briefly on this option to enter to the edit mode ka ELECT CHARACTER JUCHANGE FOSITIOH 0E SELECT E 6d Cocel e The characters are changed turning the JOG To confirm press briefly the JOG e To confirm the changes press and hold on OK e To cancel and leave this screen press and hold on any character SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor 4 4 2 EXPANDER AGC ERP baby p 605 1205 n 12 05 Godby Eudes z de Ei 4 5 EL 4 05 Ei El Ei i EOE 2 05 ES 04Jb 104k ErdqE 153 2 05 15JE 5 dk TE ECA EE A CORSO Close 4 4 2 1 AGC OUT GAIN The output level o
31. ate and run the file Setup562 exe Follow the instruction on screen VirtualRack can run on a PC directly connected to 562dsp in a terminal of a network or in a PC that accesses the processor via Internet The connec tion is described in 2 7 RS 232 Remote Control The accessing via LAN and networks settings is described in 2 8 Ethernet connection SOLIDYNE 562dsp procesador para radiodifusi n Section 5 Remote Control To run the program click the icon 562dsp Virtu alRack created on the desktop or go to StartUp gt Programs gt Solidyne VirtualRack VirtualRack explores RS 232 communication ports emulated or physical to locate the hardware This operation may take a few seconds If the pro cessor is not recognized a message will appears that offers the option of VirtualRack run in demon stration mode If the 562dsp is properly connected to the PC but the software does not recognize it check the following items a Check that the unit is on b Check that the RS 232 cable be connected c Check if the RS 232 port that you are using Is enabled d St If you are using an USB a RS 232 adaptor connect if is available the 562dsp directly to a serial port in order to discard problems with the adapter Ensure to use adapters of good quality some adapters are incompatible with some hardware Check that the USB to RS232 driver was installed Try to change the USB RS232 by other mark or model If y
32. ates with your 562dsp IP via In ternet Page 13 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 14 AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp 3 1 Basic Actions 3 1 1 Programas 562dsp has 15 presets programs and 15 user memories Programs from 00 to 14 are programs made by the engineers of Solidyne ready to be on the air There are different adjustments for different sound styles and sonorities Processing programs are described with detail later You can customize the programs copying it to the user banks 15 to 29 and edit them User memories are empty by default flat processing You can create a new adjustment changing the values of each parameter on the user memory or copying a preset to the user memory recommended See 4 3 1 Copy programs 3 1 2 Modes of control The processor can be controlled of many ways a Can be manually controlled from the frontal pan el b Connecting the unitto a PC you can create and edit programs using the 562dsp VirtualRack software This software allows to save the 562 s programs in the Hard Disk files 562 that you can send by mail so that other radios that you manages share the customized adjustments In addition this software allows creating a schedul ing programming to change the processing program at certain hours from the day Virtual Rack runs in background using very few re sources In fact this software can run on the On Air computer Models 562dsp
33. balanced Take in mind that if you connects this output unbalanced not recomended level falls 6 dB Both analog audio outputs are monophonic so both presents the sum L R Bandwidth is limited for AM transmission by a 5 order philter with cut frequency conmutable between 5 KHz and 7 5 KHz default To change this please refers to 2 3 1 1 AM Audio Bandwidth 3 2 2 2 AM POSITIVE MODULATION The audio output for AM transmission allows asy metric modulation to increase the power ans reach of the emission While negative modulation stays at 100 positive modulation can change from 100 to 150 An advanced asymetric clipper with double stage of log clipping developed by Solidyne allows to increase the transmited power and the covered area This system easily meets the standard NRSC 2 irradiation of spurious AM 3 2 2 3 DIGITAL OUT The level of the extended range audio output is fixed at 2 dBm Please see Adjusting AM modulation at the end of this chapter to know how to adjust the output level SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor Defines the sample rate fs for AES 3 output only models 562dsp AM AES Supported sample rate are 96 KHz 48 KHz 3 2 3 PROCESSOR SETUP wa EL N GOMNFIRM DL CAnHCEL MIC PROCESSING PGM PASSWORD FROG MODE Cio ER Ser 3 2 3 1 MIC PROCESSING PGM MICstart input allows to change the processing program when the operator activates the micro phones at
34. cy sounds are emitted from a loudspeaker by selectively processing higher frequency bands depending on the frequency and amplitude of the fundamental input signal The brain extrapolates this set of boosted harmon ics to restore a bass signal in the audio source that is significantly attenuated or lost by the phys ical limitations of the speaker None of the original audio is removed or altered The bass enhance ment is added in such a way that the audio quality is not compromised SRS TruBass enhancement is dynamically processed with little or no harmon ic boost when there is no low frequency content and increased as strong bass is detected in the audio source After harmonic processing a propri etary compression algorithm is applied to control driver excursion and create additional bass im pact In summary SRS TruBass selectively enhances frequencies that the speaker can easily reproduce to stimulate the ear brain system to perceive inter modulation components The brain extrapolates these tones back to the much lower bass fre quency that the speaker is unable to generate 562dsp TruBass control sets the level of pro cessed signal added to the direct signal This value is strongly interrelated with the Density EQ level For high levels of SRS TruBass you must use low levels for the LF band on Density EQ to avoid an excessive bass processing The CutOFF control defines the frequency range to be processed The options
35. do not disappear at any moment d w Make a frequency sweep with an amplitude 25 dB under the final amplitude used in the point b Under these conditions the HOLD indication must be always on screen Whereas no of the 4 bands must enter compression does matter the input frequency of the oscillator e At the audio output of the processor you must verify a response from 20 to 15 000 Hz with a variation of 0 7 dB f Repeat for the other channel 7 1 4 SIR Input Audio generator at 1KHz on both input channels adjust the AGC so it compress 15db Output Connect a dB meter on left audio output XLR Procedure a Select the program N 26 b Take this output level as reference of maximum output level c Quit the oscillator and measure the residual noise on the output d You must obtain as least a S N of 90 dB at the audio output e Repeat for the other channel Page 39 7 1 5 STEREO CROSSTALK Input Audio generator at 1KHz on left input chan nels adjust the AGC so it compress 15db Output Connect a dB meter on right audio output XLR Procedure a Select the program N 26 b Take the output level of the left channel as ref erence of maximum level at the audio output c At the right output you must obtain a crosstalk bigger that 72dB difference between the level measured at the point b and the reached in the point c d Repeat for the other channel 7 1 6 DISTORTION Input
36. e any effect The attack time is responsible to generate sensation of dy namic range In percussion this is not desirable For example techno music requires short time of recovery time in the low band not to lose the attack of groove The compressor must recover so that each beat is affected by the attack time In the highs band the same occurs If the recovery time is very slow the attack does not take effect and the loudness of the high band a Hi Hat for example diminishes Faster recovery times in crease the loudness of the highs and the bright ness of the sound but it can be a little rough sound for some musical styles Note The attack like the recovery has a scale for band LF and M1 and another one for bands M2 and HF Band SF cop ies the scale from HF 4 4 6 DENSITY EQ EN AE LH DENMSITY E a Oadby dE JE 013 dk net 5 d dk NS E E JE 0 43 k t SLIDER AT TOF MUTES BAND This technique eliminates the problem of the con ventional wide band console s equalizers whose action soon is canceled by the multiband pro SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor cessor since it compresses what the equalizer re inforces The technique of Density EQ operates in combination with the multiband compressor Therefore its adjustments are interactive Density EQ works creating four floating thresholds for the average sonorous energy in four frequency bands whose cente
37. e driver Virtual serial port that allows to communicate with the processor The tool is Connection Wizard with this you must create a new serial port lt gt IP address connection Select the kind of link you wish to create Create a link between a Virtual Serial Port and a Device of erver O Configure a Device Server for direct communications with an application on this PC Create a link between two Device Servers Finish remote job Specify the Virtual Serial Port O Select existing VSP Sersnnnssussussnssssnsnsunnensnnsnsunne Port name COM2 AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp Specify the Device Server O Device Server is not accessible from this PC Device Server is accessible from this PC C Enable MAC gt IP mapping IP address 192 168 0 11 Access method for Wizard configuration process Out of Band UDP v Access port 65535 Select from the list Virtual serial port must install in each PC from which it is desired to accede to the 562dsp AM IP Once installed the virtual serial port it must appear in the Windows Devices Man ager Archivo Acci n Ver Ayuda E Ta Y Y AA a LABO2005 2 Adaptadores de pantalla EM Adaptadores de red pa Controladoras de bus serie universal USB 2 Controladoras IDE ATA ATAPI o Controladoras 5CSI y RAID Controladores de disquete Dispositivos de sistema Dispositivos de sonido v deo y juegos
38. e of the average energy of the audio signal is very considerable increasing the cover age area of the radio for A M and FM trans missions for more info please visit www soli dynepro com Multiband technology bases on the studies of Stevens ref 1 2 3 about the loudness of each band frequency and the studies of Zwicker ref 4 About its relation with the Critics Bands of the human ear The integration time of the ear to reach the maximum loudness is of the order of 200 milliseconds ref 5 This time must carefully be incorporated to the controls of the loudness compressors to obtain the desired effect The Page 35 ear will perceive a greater loudness when the band compressors increase the relative loudness level The processor Solidyne 562dsp has digital fre quency splitters with Butterworth filters of 24 dB octave that divides the program signal in five frequency bands lows low middle high middle highs and super highs The sub bands high middle and highs works in combination with the 5 band super highs processing the higest frequencies of the audio spectrum This 5 band is of great importance since take incidence over the peaks of the signal one of the most critical pro cess carried out by any audio processor The controlling of the dynamic range using band frequencies offers great advantages 1 To increase the total energy by the use of fast compressors for bass and ultra fast for treble If the bands we
39. e power cord provided with the unit gives Earth return to the processor Do not replace it nor uses adapters MAKE SURE THAT HAVE WITH A GOOD GROUND TAKING The exclamation icon within a triangle that ap pears in this manual is for alerting to the user about the presence of important instructions on the operation and maintenance of the equipment Letter i within a circle that appears in this manual is for alerting to the user about the in formation advices and tips of extreme import ance AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp Page 4 1 1 Basic connection and settings Power supply Outputs Power on CONNECTIONS Before plug in check the position of the AC VOLTAGE selector on the rear panel 200 240 V 50 60Hz or 100 130 V accords to correspond The analog audio inputs are Balanced XLR female Connect the PGM output of the console to these inputs caring not to invert the phase ALWAYS connect BOTH INPUTS If the output of the console is mono use cable type Y The unit has optional AES 3 i o for digital AM transmission Supports 16 24 bit and fre quencies from 30 KHz to 96 KHz The con nector is a female XLR When using this input we also connect the analog inputs The 562dsp AM has an auto matic switching in case of failure in the digital input There are 2 audio outputs for AM transmis sion Both presents the same signal L R Connects one of the 562 s outputs to yo
40. een CHANGES WILL TAKE EFFECT WHEN YOU CONFIRM A PRESET PUSHING THE JOG 4 2 PRESETS 562dsp AM has 15 programs created by the Soli dyne engineers Next each preset is explained These adjustments are the base for the creation of new programs Please refer to 4 3 User pro grams for details about each processing stage 00 VOICE 1 08 AM SOFT 2 01 VOICE 2 09 AM SOFT 3 02 AM HARD 1 10 AM SOFT 4 03 AM HARD 2 11 BASS BOOST 1 04 AM HARD 3 12 BASS BOOST 2 05 AM HARD 4 13 BASS SOFT 1 06 AM MUSICAL 14 BASS SOFT 2 07 AM SOFT 1 Adjustments were made based on a schedule dominated by voice and dialogues The main dif ference of this adjustment in regard to the settings for music are the attack and recovery times both the AGC and multiband compressor The AGC must recover fast to compensate for ex ample a telephone communication that arrives with low level The hold threshold must be relatively low around 17 dB to avoid that the AGC is hooked and in this way to obtain that it reacts quickly before any SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor Section 4 Processing settings difference of level between different voices Remember that the objective is that the voices always sound on the air with the same level The attack of the AGC also must be fast to make level abrupt changes of level that can take place by shouts discussions or outbursts of laughter The speed of attack of the compresso
41. ef and loudness SRS WOW combines several processes Next we will present a briefly description of each pro cess and its operating fundamentals To access the SRS WOW screen you have to se lect Edit PGM in the Main Menu and choose 3D and SRS TruBass option from the processing block diagram shown on screen The next image shows the SRS WOW settings screen Use as reference for the following explanations an 3 Re En 4 dk E ae G0 H2 ti de 15 E ENABLE O DIS4ELE ELEH Ci OFF CUTOFF FoCUS 20 WIDTH il nidos N IMPORTANT Page 24 SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor e SRS WOW is placed before the multi band com pressors therefore SRS WOW settings interact with the LF Band compressor and Density EQ settings Coordina tion between the three processing stages should be achieved for a natural sounding sound 4 4 4 1 SRS TruBass SRS Labs TruBass technology is based on the fundamentals of the human hearing system and the psychoacoustics of sound In order to under stand how SRS TruBass is able to create the per ception of deep bass from smaller speakers it is helpful to understand the psychoacoustic principle upon which SRS TruBass is based The human hearing system exhibits non linearity which produces intermodulation distortion in the form of additional overtones and harmonics that do not exist in the actual audio received at the ear canal These non linear effects are mos
42. es the threshold Slows attack times gives more impact to the sound but greater will be the action of the limiters This is be cause the attack of the sound passes through compressors and arrives at the limiters with high level The limiters contain the peaks by clipping a technique much more lasts that the compression With short attack times hard clipping is avoided SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor but very short times can produce a sound too flat for certain musical styles The scales for attack times are different for each band In order to define the attack times you must consider the type of material to process Some musical styles like the rock amp pop tolerate a hard processing more clipping This offers a great sensation of dynamic range depth of the sound For orchestral music jazz piano agree to use faster attack times 4 4 5 2 Recovery times It s the time that the compressor takes in recover ing its linearity as soon as the signal falls below the threshold The recovery times also are key settings to pro duce the perception of dynamic range In main lines if the recovery is slow the compressor prac tically works continuously and initial impulses pro duced by the attack time are lost That is to say the attack takes place the first time but as the compressor s gain does not recover the following attacks are fully compressed In this condition the attack time does not hav
43. f the AGC is a CRITICAL AD JUSTMENT since it determines the level with the signal reaches the multiband compressors and therefore the compression degree that will be ap plied So the action of the multiband compressors de pends on AGC output level LOUDNESS BANDS indicators show the compression degree applied by the multiband system Each band has its own indicator Usual values for the AGC output are between 3 to 9 dB 0 TAKE IN MIND e How much greater the compression degree is more loud ness has the program on the air But high compression levels greater than 15 dB can produce a confuse sound in certain type of music hyper processed of high density and excessive alteration of the timbre with soloists voices or instruments For this reason AGC OUT it s a critical ad justment and you must pay special attention to this control 4 4 2 2 Atack time The attack time is the time that the AGC takes to reduce its gain when the input signal increases Like general rule it can say that for voices short times of attack must be used 500 ms whereas for music longer times are preferred 3 to 4 seconds Note that when the input signal increases quickly during the AGC attack time the signal is contained by the multiband compressor that will act strongly until the AGC compensates their level Depending on the adjustments of the following stages a too slow attack of the AGC can cause an excessive compression of
44. g the 562dsp AM serial port RS232 serial port It can be connected to USB bus with optional external adapter Optional Ethernet bus connection MPX processing for stereo interleaving allows for 130 L amp R audio level at 100 modulation Yes It includes free Windows 2000 XP software The user can change the processor s AM FM firmware chips Only two socket mounted Flash EPROM IC s have to be replaced Stereo coder is a separate module Five processing bands Nine processing stages Blue color LCD display with backlight Graphic type Resolution 240 x 64 Optional built in RDS encoder 90 127V and 190 230V 50 60 Hz selectable from rear panel 483 mm Wide 240 mm Deep 88 mm High Page 41
45. gain This time is denominated attack time and during the attack the relation input output pass to be linear to work according to the compression ratio When the input signal reduces the compressor takes in recov ering its original gain that is to say during a short time it con tinues compressing This time is called recovery time In 562dsp AM the compression thresholds are the same for all the bands to not alter the sonorous bal ance The compression degree simultaneously ad justs for all bands changing the level with which the signal enters to the compressors AGC Output As greater is the level greater is the compression You can set the attack and recovery times for each band Have in mind that the settings for the compressors and density EQ varies according to the type of pro gram material reason why there isn t a unique adjust ment 100 optimal for all musical styles A great fea ture allows remote control from the automation PC using software Solidyne Audicom7 to change the processing program according to the music style Re member that VirtualRack also allows defining pro gram changes according to a scheduling Next a screen shot of the multiband compressor stage and soon its description aTTack RELEASE Em Gums E 15 mg dims ms 5 40 m5 ms ms 5 150m 5 dime 5 me 5 350m3 nMn Close 4 4 5 1 Attack tiemes It s the time that takes the compressor in acting once the signal overpass
46. he configuration of the clients or in the LAN like for the access from Internet it Network Connection Serial port Outbound packets All Owner name FM POWER Device name WATE IF MAC address DEDE BS DHCP 0 Disabled IP address 192 168 0 Port 1001 Registration at dONS Server 0 Disabled Auto registration on Link Serv 0 Disabled FFFoE mode O Disabled Gateway P address 192 168 0 1 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Assign the Gateway address usually 192 168 0 1 and the subnet mask This is needed if you wish to accede to the 562dsp AM IP from outside of the LAN If you don t know these values contacts to your network ad ministrator The port used is 1101 You can change it in case of conflicts with another application who uses the same port but this rarely occurs In the Serial Port section ensures that the DTR mode is set to 1 Indicate connection status Page 12 You can make a PING to verify the access to 562dsp AM IP hardware from the terminal An other option is to use the button BUZZ from the main window of the DS Manager and you will see the LEDS of connector RJ45 to blink during one second If you wish you can set a pass word to block modifications in your settings 2 5 2 Accessing from the LAN The client PC must have installed TCP IP pro tocol If there is a Firewall software or hard ware it must enable port 1101 for the commu nication with the 562dsp AM IP Install th
47. hose required for the voices mainly in the AGC Observe and compare the factory presets Pagina 17 3 2 3 2 PASSWORD You can define a password to avoid the access of un authorized personnel to the main menu to change the settings Once defined 562dsp will ask for the pass word whenever you try to accede to the main menu but you don t need the password to explore the pro gram list and change the program on air The password must have 3 characters Any combina tion of letters numbers and symbols can be used a To enter a password go to field Password turning the JOG and touch it briefly to con firm b A flashing cursor appears to enter the first character Turn the JOG until reach the wanted symbol and confirm with brief touch The cursor will jump to the next character c Proceed in the same way to choose the others characters d After confirm the last character the option OK is on focus PRESS AND HOLD to con firm the password A brief touch in this point will make jump the cursor to the first charac ter again e Press and hold the JOG cancels the pro cess in any instance equivalent to escape except when OK is selected in such case confirm the password f To delete the password edit it entering 3 space characters Write down the password in a secure place in order to do not loose it If you forgot the pass word please contact with you Solidyne dealer 3 2 3 3 PROC
48. increases by a factor of TWO the average power transmitted Numerous tests have been made in different countries to verify in real conditions these results 6 2 4 SUBSONIC PHILTER Is a Chebyshev type high pass filter with low ripple Its cut off frequency of 20 Hz eliminates the signals of audio below that frequency These subsonic components do not contribute anything to music since they aren t listened by the ear Nevertheless they have a pernicious effect that produces a disagreeable sensation the saturation of the amplifiers and the loudspeakers by excess ive excursion of the cone The sound that is ob tained with the connected filter is pure and clean 6 2 5 LINEAR EXPANDER The expansion previous to the compression pro cess is an excellent resource to increase the sig nal noise ratio of the original program This is ad visable since the compression process when re ducing the high level passages consequently in creases the relative level of the passages of low level and therefore the noise This is a forced consequence of the compression process that has particular effect in the increasing of the ambient noise of the microphones In order to avoid that the Solidyne processors incorporate a linear ex pander previous to the compressor stage The expander works within a very wide range of signals below a threshold value That means it al ways expands within that range for any level of signal The curve
49. io clipper With its evolution the analogical processors were optimizing this technique to reduce the undesired effects caused by the clipping The problem appears because when an audio signal is clipped it generates a high number of harmonic components and inter modulation IM The psychoacoustic studies have demonstrated a high tolerance of the ear towards the harmonic components increased by the aural masking that the multiband processor allows to obtain In fact all the musical instruments as much as the synthesized ones have a high amount of harmonics superposed to their fundament al notes Therefore adding harmonics artifi cially increases the wealth of the musical timbre SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor Totally opposed is the effect produced by IM dis tortion This type of distortion DOES NOT EXIST in the musical instruments and its effect is highly disagreeable and irritating for the ear of the audi ence For the exposed reasons considerable ef forts in research have been made to obtain audio clippers in which the intermodulation is reduced or even better cancelled of being possible System RIMCA developed at the laboratories of Solidyne begins in a multiband clipper was a good solution used in analogical units The digital days In digital audio the adverse effects derivates of the clipping far from disappearing becomes more complexes DSP technology since works with digital sig
50. l can be reproduced be copied or be trans mitted in any form or by no electronic or mechan ical procedure or in its totality or partly What s in the box You must find the following components into the box a 1 Solidyne 562dsp processor b 1 user s manual c 1 AC Interlock d 1 CD ROM with VirtualRack 5 software e 1 Guaranty certificate f 4 self adhesive rubbers tops Please check when receive to verify that all components are okay About the montage 562dsp processors are designed for rack montage in standard racks of 19 requiring 3 rack height units If you prefers the processor can be placed on a table Four self adhesive rubber tops are giv en for this purpose When mounting start fitting the bottom screws and soon the superior ones Use flat screws with flexible o rings rubber PVC etc The frontal panel is made of aluminum so you must take spe cial care of don t to apply excessive force on the screws since it can cause deformation or even break the angles of the panel ADVISES The unit cans wok with 110 or 220 VAC AAN A voltage switch on the rear panel se lects the correspondent voltage AC ALWAYS CHECK THIS SELECTOR Voltage BEFORE PLUG IN CAUTION bane ul gg u In order to reduce the risk of electrical shock do not retire the covers of the cabinet The internal pieces do not require maintenance of the user Refer the technical maintenance to qualified personnel Th
51. n the programming adjustments Each time that you try to access to the main menu the processor will ask you for the password Note that you don t need the password to change the current preset on air Please see 3 2 3 Processor Setup 3 2 INSTALLATION SETTINGS a On start up the 562dsp AM shows by a few seconds the boot screen indicating the firmware version u e ll BR SOLID YHE PRO TETT D62 DSF Processor Esoting Once started the processor present the main screen described in the item 3 of the Chapter 1 The unit always starts loading the last used program P gina 15 b Pressing and holding the JOG you accede to the Main Menu cf the right screen Note that a little arrow appears below EDIT PGM Menu kea ZEL M COHFIRH Bel en ls DUTELIT FED ETUF ETUF a Ba cj N E Once into main menu turn the JOG until select the desired option The selected option is marked by a little arrow that appears below the icons Touch briefly the JOG to confirm the selection Remember that being in the main screen turning the JOG or touching it briefly you accede to the mode program se lection In this mode turning the JOG you explore the 562 s programs In order to leave the programs selection mode press and hold the JOG In order to accede to the main menu press and hold again If being in the main menu or any settings screen changes not occur during 10 minutes the unit retur
52. nals has limitations in to manage nonlinear processes as it is the case of the clipping that it generates signals with very steep slopes These type of pro cesses generates harmonic components of very high frequency that violate the condition of Nyquist degrading remarkably the final audio quality The conventional digital clipping tech niques used by other marks work resampling the signal at greater sample rates thus to be able to reduce but to never eliminate to the distortion caused by the alias effect Although the result that is reached with these techniques is acceptable the collateral effects caused by digital clipping are diminished but not eradicated completely For this reason the labor atories of Solidyne continued developing new techniques After long investigation and numerous tests 562d sp took a step more in the field of digital clippers using a new system of 4 channels with 10 MHz of bandwidth that is equivalent to 32 bits with 20 Megasamples that obtains that absolutely clean and crystalline sound free of spurious and striden cies caused by aliasing To make it we used a configuration like the FIG 4 In which we have two cut channels The channel of serious and average on the one hand does not cause intermodulation The channel of high fre quencies main person in charge of the IM has a filter that eliminates all IM below 900 Hertz SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor
53. nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 28 Section 6 Audio processing for broadcasting 30 2 1 A brief Nistofy au 30 6 2 Solidyne 562dsp psycho acoustic digital processor model 562dSP AA AA AP 32 0 201 BIOGKS diagrami aata makaabala aa 32 2 2 2 24 BITS 192 KHZ A D CONVERTER 33 6 2 3 PEAKS SIMETRIZER mua ae hone ae 33 6 2 4 SUBSONIC PHILTER ccccccesssssssscseseesssseseesseeseees 33 6 2 5 LINEAR EXPANDER cccccccsscsccesecssssesecsesseesseesseens 33 620 CATED AGG Een 34 62 TORS WOW ar 34 6 2 8COMPRESOR MULTIBANDA cccccccccecsesseecsessseens 34 6 2 9 DENSITY EQUALIZER o ooccccncococccncncocconinccnconincronooos 35 6 2 10 ILM CANCELLED CLIPPER o oooomoocooocococococonos0 35 2 2 11 LOW PASS 15 KHz DIGITAL FILTER 36 6 2 12 AM BANDWIDTH PHILTER amp NRSC 1 36 Section 7 Measurements 38 7 1MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL e 38 7 1 1 Checking the INPUT LEVELS 1a 38 7 1 2 Checking the OUTPUT LEVELS 38 A A 38 1 1 3 FREQUENCY RESPONCE aaa inss ias 38 o nun 38 AA gt caer eet fae eke Can eee Mc eee u ee an 38 LAG STEREO CROSSTALK ae 39 Procedura AAO AD 39 TAO DISTORTION 2222222 ame 39 FROGS QUO ativan a ig 39 Section 8 Technical specifications 40 Page 3 About this manual Firmware 307 Manual revision 29 05 09 Solidyne All rights reserved No part of this manua
54. not perceived by the ear The broadband com pressor that follows the expander has a very slow recovery time Therefore with impulsive sig nals as the audio program any cancellation effect occurs Another advantage of using a linear expander pre vious to the processing is that an excellent audible sensation of dynamic range is obtained In fact re cent studies have demonstrated that the audible sensation produced by the level variations of an audio signal is related to the changes happened in the first 50 milliseconds and is little dependent of the reached final value This implies that an ex pander in the short term is perceived like a great dynamic range whereas the power sensation and even the coverage area of the radio transmitter is related to the AVERAGE ENERGY which de pends of the compression of the energy level You can see that they are two concepts different With audio processors of conventional design the expander and the compression were antagonistic concepts This does not happen in the field of the psychoacoustics processors 6 2 6 GATED AGC This stage constitutes a digital compressor AGC type Automatic Gain Control with its constants slow based on the program signal This adjust SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor ment is made having in mind the psychoacous tics criteria before explained This is very import ant since the AGC is a wide band compressor the ear tends to note its acti
55. ns to the main screen discarding the changes 3 2 1 INPUT SETUP Here you define the audio level and type of in put The operation on this screen follows the concept of the previous ones to select an option Input selection or Input level turn the JOG and touch briefly to confirm Now turn the JOG again to change the value of the chosen option Touch briefly to confirm INPUT SELECTION ARA IHFUT LEVEL O ANALOG 0 0 Em d 0 dem O DIGITAL ONLY 0 JEm 12 0 JE m E AUTO SEARCH 3 2 1 1 INPUT SELECTION O Analog Select this option when the processor is connected ONLY through the analogical input O Digital only Choose this option when the unit is connected ONLY through AES 3 Also the ana logical inputs can be connected as back up but they will be used only in case that the carrier of signal AES 3 interrupts In this case 562 s auto matically switch to analogical inputs being in that mode until the digital signal is reestablished M Auto Search default It uses the AES 3 digital inputs in case of finding a source of digital signal Otherwise uses the analogical inputs In case of Page 16 finding only silence or a total lost of digital AES 3 the unit switches to the analogical inputs This type of faults in signal AES 3 is characteristic when a digital data link falls As signal AES 3 is regenerated in the receiver the digital streaming follows present but without content of audio
56. nt in the difference or L R channel Although these two signals are nor mally heard as a composite signal it is possible to separate and process them independently and then mix them again into a new composite signal which contains the required spatial cues that the stereo recording process did not provide The dir ectional cues are mostly contained in the differ ence channel so these can be processed to bring the missing directional cues back to their normal levels The difference channel is processed by modifying the spectrally equalization based on the HRTF Hear Related Transfer Functions while it is also increased in amplitude in order to increase apparent image width The Width control determines the amount of 3D processed signal that is applied to the original au dio signal When set to OFF the processing is defeated Any FM stereo broadcasting station transmitting with SRS 3D Enhancement processing will pop up out of the dial by its wider sound A sound that will im merse the listener literally into the music This effect contributes to increase the perceived loudness of the transmission When listening with headphones 3D Enhancement is impressive The sound seems to come everywhere around the listener Images provided by SRS Labs SRS is a trademark of SRS Labs Inc USA WOW technology is incorporated under li cense of SRS Labs Inc USA SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor SOLIDYNE
57. of modu lation to avoid over modulation and reach greatest loudness In psychoacoustic digital coding i e MP3 com pression the audio processor must to increase the bands loudness but without digital clipping since clipping sounds bad when is codified at low bit rates This is because the clipping generates a distortion with an spectrum similar to white noise difficult to be codified with low bit rates In addi tion it adds distortion to the own distortion of very low bit rate MP3 making the total distortion aud ible it is not masked Esta salida tambi n encuentra uso como salida de grabacion de alta calidad permitiendo regis trar con calidad FM el audio procesado de la transmisi n AM 2 3 3 AES 3 OUTPUT FOR DIGITAL AM Models 562dsp AM AES are for digital transmis sion using simulcast with IBOC o DRM technolo gies Has AES 3 inputs and outputs to connect the digital transmitter with a bandwidth of 15 Khz 2 3 3 1 Digital audio AES 3 Digital input allows connect sources with following settings 16 24 bits 30 KHz 96 KHz Resolution Sample rate AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp Internally 562dsp AM works at 24 bits 192 KHz The digital input signal is converted by the Res ampler stage While using the digital input also connect the analog inputs In case of lost connection digital the processor automatically switches to analog inputs The entry selected from the menu In
58. of transference based on the input level is a straight line from there the linear name While the signal stays below the threshold by each 10 dB that the input level reduces the ex SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor pander will reduce for example 3 dB additional 1 3 1 ratio that is to say that the output will be reduced in 13 dB This happens for any input value below the threshold Then if the input is re duced in 30 dB the output will do it in 39 dB that is to say that the background noise has been re duced in 9 dB This way the expander com pensates the increase of the background noise that the compressor like undesired effect will in crease At this point maybe you will be thinking that DOES NOT HAVE SENSE to make an expander of the signal and soon to compress it You will think perhaps that an effect cancels to the other But it s not true for two reasons First the different attack and recovery times Second multiband compressors have elevated threshold whereas the linear expander has a very low threshold and a linear behavior below the threshold It means that the actions do not cancel because both pro cesses are not complementary The linear expander to optimize its behavior has instantaneous attack and a fast recovery times Here is where the psychoacoustic concept post pulse hearing inhibition is used This allows using an expander with a quick recovery time so that it s
59. ompression level for the greater peak does not concern its polarity In this way when a polarity is fit to the 100 the opposite polarity hardly surpasses 50 due to the asymmetry The fact that the music sounds louder than the human voice after pass through a compressor is a phenomenon well known This is because the musical sounds are sym metrical whereas the human voice is not In order to correct this problem without introdu cing any alteration at the sound quality peak asymmetry canceller is used This technique based in a discovery of the Dr Leonard Kahn acquires international validity with the work of Oscar Bonello published at the Page 34 Journal of AES Vol 24 5 in which it is described for the first time the theory of its operation The peak asymmetry canceller is in essence an all pass network a class of not minimum phase network That is a network whose transference function has zeros in the right semi plane This network has a full flat response to frequency only its phase response is function of the frequency This phase rotation which must compliment a very particular conditions is responsible of the peak symmetry of the audio signals Those signals that by their nature are totally symmetrical like most of the musical instruments are not modified by this processor This processor by itself allows to increase between 3 and 5 dB the final power broadcast by your transmitter it is to say that it
60. on due to the modulation that bass frequencies produce in the highs In or der to avoid it the AGC time constants are care fully controlled Still more we cannot speak of at tack or recovery times in strict form but a curve of control since the form of the attack or recovery ramp is controlled according to these criteria Another important feature of AGC is the gated re covery time That is only activated in the presence of program signal When the program level falls below a threshold respect to the AGC OUT level the recovery is canceled and the compressor re mains exactly with the same gain as before the signal drops This feature allows a more natural process since it prevents the pauses in dialogues between for example note the breathing of the AGC increase in background noise Or that at the end of a song you hear an increase background noise before starting the next song etc 6 2 7 SRS WOW Expands the stereo image obtaining a wider ste reo and surrounding sound This stage have incid ence fundamentally on mid frequencies and works only with stereo signals Monoaural signals equal in both channels like the voices are not pro cessed This process find utility in digital trans mitions 6 2 8 COMPRESOR MULTIBANDA The purpose of the multiband compressors is to increase the perceived loudness sensation The human voice and music will sound more solid with better dynamic balance Still more the increas
61. ou are accessing remotely via Internet can be a problem in the network settings i e with the IP Please refer to 2 8 Ethernet Con nection e St 5 3 Using the software The use of 562dsp VirtualRack is very intuitive All settings of processing can be controlled from the software in similar way that settings are made with the hardware interface For operative details please refer to the VirtualRack on line help F1 P gina 29 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 30 SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM Broadcasting dsp processor NOTE in order to complement the study of this subject is re commended to visit our WEB www solidynepro com In the DEMO section there are a Power Point presentation called Au dio Processors It has a complete Technical Appendix that it analyzes how the audio processing increases the coverage area of the FM stereo transmission 2 1 A brief history From mid of the 1930 decade when appears the first Compressors and expanders units to the present time all chains of audio for broadcasting incorporate devices whose function is to alter the dynamic range of the sound The advance of the technology improves these devices during the 70s The compressors expanders and audio limiters were gaining in efficiency and complexity In the beginning its main parameters attack and re covery times thresholds etc were fixed by design or by the operator through the device s controls In the
62. oughout this process to maintain very low the audio distortion produced by harmonic and IM components This happens because the psychoacoustic processing MODIFIES the waveform of the complex signal of audio but IT DOES NOT DISTORT IT Since the distortion concept in this context implies the existence of a sound that offends the ear sounding un natural This is because the psychoacoustic processing obtains that the ear accepts like of better quality than the original one to certain modifications of the waveform But it does not mean an anes Page 31 thesia to the ear to avoid perceiving the distor tions due to deficiencies in the quality of the elec tronic circuits of the processors Considering that to obtain an excellent processing is necessary at the moment to use between 7 and 10 stages of processors the distortion of each stage must be smaller than 0 01 Greater distortion values will lead inexorably to a degradation of the sound quality You must remember that has been demonstrated Journal of AES Vol 29 4 p 243 that is possible to measure distortions of 0 05 through a common loudspeaker distortion bigger than 3 This demonstrates that one distortion do not mask another one A practical rule is then ALL DISTORTION INTRODUCED IN THE AUDIO CHAIN OF THE TRANSMITTER THAT EXCEEDS 0 05 COULD BE LISTENED BY THE AUDIENCE EVEN THROUGH RECEIV ERS THAT HAVE VALUES OF DISTORSION 50 TIMES GREATER This
63. put as explained later S PDIF you can connect an S PDIF output rs me to the AESS input of 562dsp using an S PDIF to AES 3 adapter The figure shows a compact adapter XLR BNC fen na AES 3 output has a resolution of 24 bits with a sample rate selectable between 48 96 KHz see 3 2 2 Output Setup The connector is male XLR AES3 input and output cables connect as following AES3 1 standard connection for AES 3 COR Soma o ids 2 4 Console MICstart 562dsp can changes the current processing pro gram when the study microphones activates In this way you can use a processing specially done for voices The default adjustment for voices is the program 09 Voice Impact Obviously you can copy and customize this preset The commutation takes place when grounding the MICstart input When this happens the processor exchanges the program and the access from the JOG wheel is blocked When the MICStart input is opened 562dsp returns to the previous program Console MICstart uses an RCA connector With consoles Solidyne 2300 series MICstart is con nected directly to the Digisolid output of a micro phone channel please refers to the manual of the console In other consoles the control can be solved using the tally signal to activate a relay TENSION DE CONSOLA Vcc Connect the relay contact directly to the RCA MIC Start and the coil in parallel to the tally light AL PROCESAD
64. r associated with the audio peaks This is related to the Burst Masking effect recently discovered Ref 8 6 2 9 DENSITY EQUALIZER This technology operates in 5 bands modifying the density of energy instead the level of each band Is formed by complementary filters of 24 dB octave carefully designed to obtain a response variation smaller than 0 2 dB This built in equal izer offers an enormous flexibility By example in the case of FM transmission is well known that the use of peak and shelving EQ s at the console has an adverse effect in the sound quality since the more a frequency band is em phasized grater is the action of the audio com pressor previous to the transmitter for that band Equalize a band implies to unbalance the entire audio spectrum The use of equalizers previous to multiband compressors only has sense if they work in narrow bands It doesn t happen with DENSITY EQ since its ac tion is coordinated with the following stages The boosting of a frequency band is translated then in a correlative modification of the multiband com pressor threshold to carry out the new equaliza tion In this form its action extends to the range of sounds of very high intensity where the conventional EQ s are inefficient due the excessive compression 6 2 10 I M CANCELLED CLIPPER The analogic era One of the techniques most well known and used to increase the energy of an audio signal is the use of an aud
65. r frequencies are 80 Hz 400 KHz 2 KHz and 8 KHz This equalization allows to obtain still in conditions of high loudness a contour of equalization based on the energy of bands instead of differences of rel ative gain between the bands like in a convention al EQ To change a value select a band and touch briefly the JOG note that the arrow becomes a pencil Turn the JOG to move the slider Moving a slider at top this band is muted Its only useful to make test and comparisons while you make a program Bass Clipper Punch This control changes the threshold of a low band limiter LF and M1 The change of this threshold allows to brings punch to the music Increasing this threshold you increases the bass peaks but not the general bass loudness in a noticeable way You must use a monitoring system with good low response to hear this adjustment Values over 4dB must be carefully tested accord ing to the music that your radio station plays so it can produce audible distortion with some music s styles Please check the factory presets as refer ence about the use of this control N REMEMBER e Changes occurs in real time that is to say as you modify the value the change will be listened on the air 4 4 5 2 Wide Band Limiter WB The final stage of processing is a wide band lim iter of instant attack which controls ALL the peaks that pass through the multi band com pressors WB control allows you
66. r this input level both input VUmeters be exactly a 1 pixel from the maximum Cc nr Check that increasing the input level until 10dbm the VUmeters at full scale At this value the warning OVL must appear under the Vumeters In the oscilloscope you must ob serve a perfect sinus wave d w Increase the input signal in step of 1dB until 18dbm At this value the signal at the output must be seen distorted clipped by the input stage e Check that distortion in previous step happens just at 18dbm at the other channel 7 1 2 Checking the OUTPUT LEVELS Input Audio generator at 1KHz on both input channels adjust the AGC so it compress 15db Output Connect a dB meter on left audio output XLR Procedure a Select the program N 26 b Under this conditions the audio output Hill must be 4dbm c Repeat for the other channel SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcasting dsp processor Section 7 Measurements 7 1 3 FREQUENCY RESPONCE Input Audio generator at 1KHz on both input channels the amplitude is varied throughout the test Output Connect a dB meter to the left audio out put XLR Procedure a Select the el program N 27 b Enter with a sine wave and adjust its amplitude so that the AGC compress exactly 30 dB wait ing around 10 second to the AGC stabilized Cc w Disconnect abruptly the source of signal HOLD Hill appears on screen Verify through out this test that this legend
67. ral equalization of the signal fundamentally reinforcing trebles therefore you will notice changes in the spectral balance with different Focus positions As the value is in creased it increases the brightness and pres ence of the sound Observe the factory presets as this control is combined with the adjustments in the higher bands of the multi band compressor and Density EQ in order to obtain high frequency trebles with excellent definition SRS Width Horizontal image SRS Width al gorithm processes the signal in such a manner that the spatial cues lost in the record playback FM transmission process are re stored Since the human hearing system is in volved and is actually part of the loop its transfer function is made a part of the system transfer function At the same time SRS Width pro cessing avoids objectionable buildup of frequen cies where the human ear has increased sensitiv ity in the L R channel This algorithm is also very effective over various listening locations not just restricted to a favorable listening position equidistant between the two speakers In a stereophonic signal frontal sounds produce equal amplitudes in the left and right channels and are therefore present in the sum or L R channel Ambi ent sounds that include reflected and side sounds produce a complex sound field and do not appear correlated in the left and right channels Page 26 They are therefore prese
68. re not divided the compressors with so fast recovery time would produce a disagreeable sound effect the percussion of low frequencies would modulate the high notes And the high notes of an instrument would as well modulate the low tones of a violoncello for ex ample 2 Allows to increase the perceived loudness This is because most of the modulation capacity of a transmitter or audio amplifier in general playing Pop music is generally used by low frequencies signals below 160 Hz Nevertheless this informa tion contributes very little to the loudness sensa tion due to the reduced sensitivity of the ear for those frequencies Therefore is desirable to in crease the level of the medium and high fre quencies But this cannot be obtained by simple equalizing because the sound balance would be destroyed The compression in separ ated bands allows to increase between 6 and 12 dB the energy for high frequencies without altering the tone balance In fact the frequency response continues being flat 3 Processing completely eliminate the flat sound sensation perceived when a sonorous material is compressed by means of fast com pressors This is obtained additionally to the divi sion in bands using attack times appreciably elev ated This allows that very short peaks of the au dio signal arrive freely to the following stage peak limiter which eliminates them but maintaining the Page 36 psychoacoustic sensation of powe
69. rrent program You can explore the pro grams list turning the JOG but a program is not active until you load it pressing briefly the wheel A program is a set of values stored in an internal memory You access to the MAIN MENU the right screen by pressing and hold the JOG wheel From here you can access to all functions and features of the processor Page 7 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 8 AM broadcast processor SOLIDYNE 562dsp DIGITAL AES 3 Section 2 Advanced installation RDS DATA O gt OPTIONAL a e Er 1 dE o ese lo S UDYNE RS 232 2 1 Generalities 2 1 1 Power source e The AC voltage variation must stay smaller to 10 Otherwise uses an UPS Always CHECK the correct position of the VOLTAGE SELECTOR 200 240 V o 100 130 V according to the country e Do not mix AC wires with audio wires espe cially with analogical ones have a good grounding We recommend accomplishing with the effective norms Article 810 of the National Electricity Code NEC ANSI NFPA N 70 1984 in USA IRAM 2379 and 2281 3 in Argentine This norm provides informa tion and guidelines for a consistent grounding D Remember that all audio installation must 2 1 2 On Mounting e 562dsp can be mounted in a standard rack of 19 or can be used on a table Rubber tops are provided with the unit Do not place the unit on un stable surface or shelf the apparatus could fall cau
70. rs must be fast specially in band M1 to contain great impulses that take place in the beginnings of phrases when the com pressors begin to work If the attack times are long can take place excessive processing and clipping of the signal in certain entrances of the speaker that is to say the speaker will sound saturated or dirty during a brief moment when he begins to speak and before each silence bigger than recovery time On the recovery times there is more freedom reason why they will be fit according to the type of voices of the radio Like general rule remembers that long recovery times produce a smooth processing whereas with short times the loudness is increased but the pro cessing becomes more heavy greater compression Respect to the gains the voices do not tolerate high multiband compression so if for music a strong ad justment is used for the voice the AGC output level will have to be located around 5 dB An excessive pro cessing will sound disagreeable to the ear Some presets applies SRS TruBass processing but with low level of mix It boosts the lowest frequencies of the voice which gives weight and makes strong Preset AM MUSICAL is a soft program made for mu sical program O TAKE IN MIND e When creates your own adjustment for the voices con siders that the equalizing does not have to be radically dif ferent to the used for music That is to say the voice im
71. s the action of the Automatic Gain Control which fits the input gain so that the signal arrives at the processing stages with con stant level If the signal from the console arrives with low level or too high the processor automat ically compensate its input gain so that the output level is unvarying If the input signal falls abruptly the AGC holds its current value to avoid an undesirable effect known as breathing that appears when the sig nal is very low and the AGC compensates their gain excessively increasing the background noise in the voice intervals This feature knows as Gated AGC In normal operation this indicator will have to work at middle scale 15 dB gt The following indicators show the action of the multiband compressor There are five compres sion bands called loudness bands LF M1 M2 HF SH These indicators like the AGC show the gain reduction applied to the signal for that reas on they grow downwards Band LF corresponds to bass notes of the audio below 160 Hertz M1 and M2 to mid tones and HF and SH to the highs SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor The LOUDNESS concept associates to the sensa tion of sonorous power perceived by the human ear With no need to exceed the maximum per centage of modulation fixed by the law the pro cessor can obtain that the radio sounds stronger The radio with better processing will be the one that better sounds in the dial As will be
72. sing damages to someone and to be damaged the unit e The ambient temperature must stay between 5 C and 40 C Avoid direct solar ray incidence on the processor or proximity of heat sources e The openings and grooves allow the circulation of forced air impelled by the internal cooler Not obstruct the refrigeration of the internal compon ents Openings do not have to be blocked nor covered e 562dsp has internal protection against RF fields which allows locate it next to transmitters SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor NGA A mao hice A NAA 1 a aag re trademarks of SRS Labs in nc Po USA AM or FM Avoid strong electromagnetic fields power transformers big motors etc 2 2 Analogical audio connections Inputs and outputs are electronically balanced The inputs are bridging type with impedance greater than 10 KOhms The connectors used as is standard are female XLR 3 for the inputs and male for the outputs Take special care with the phase When pin 2 is positive modulation on AM carrier must be positive This is very important to allows the in creasing of power using asymmetric modulation increasing the positive modulation peaks Always connect both inputs If the on air console has one mono output connect in bridge parallel the left and right inputs at 562dsp If you connect only one input left or right the input signal will be 6 dB lower N Take care wi
73. t Copy and touch it briefly The processor re mains in the present program In order to load the copied program you needs select it from the main screen Once a user program is overwritten is not possible to recover it Default presets cannot be changed by any error of use 4 3 2 EDIT PGM From this option you accede to the heart of the processor You can edit the processing values for user s program Selecting this option you enter to the program edition screen described next e s not recommendable to change values without informa tion without knowing how will affect each change to the sound of the radio You must be completely sure you are doing Page 20 e To people who do not have time to fit and to hear carefully the Radio throughout several days we recommend to use some of the 15 default presets Only sound techni cians with great patience will have to try to make their own adjustments Its patience will be compensated surely by a customized sound different from the sound of other radio stations Take it the time to listen to each program and how each control affects to the sound on the air Once you knows clearly so that of each adjustment comes to make your customized adjustment This way will be easy for you to obtain that sound that you have in mind Finally an encouraging commentary these adjustments are zero risk because you always will be able to return from the default progr
74. t pro nounced at low frequencies SRS TruBass takes advantage of this phenomenon in its operation When the human ear is presented with specific harmonic frequencies relative to a missing funda mental tone it will fill in the fundamental frequency based on the higher harmonics that are present By accentuating the second and higher frequency harmonics of a fundamental tone present in the audio signal yet outside the range of reproduction by a certain speaker size SRS TruBass gives the perception of greatly improved bass response For example if two tones are generated from a speak er at 100Hz and 150Hz the hearing system will produce an intermodulation component at 50Hz which is the difference of the two actual frequen cies SRS TruBass generates the perception of greatly improved bass by taking the difference between the two actual frequencies Tru ass deber preco SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor The process of sound reproduction does not simply stop with the acoustic energy produced by the loudspeakers The shape of the outer ear the auditory nerves the brain and the recognition pro cess used to extract useful information from those cues are also part of the listening experience All of these elements are used to translate acoustical vibrations in the outer ear into nerve impulses and finally into a sensation or perception of sound SRS TruBass creates the perception that low fre quen
75. th the PHASE in all connections a Connect always BOTH inputs of stereo pair Use one pair shielded audio cables of GOOD QUALITY preferably with double shielding The maximum length recommended is 30 meters al though in special cases it is possible to achieve 100 meters accepting a little loss at high frequen cies anyway that is not significant in the transmis sion of conventional AM The connection of this cables are made as is standard See the following table Page 9 Balanced input and outputs 1 GND 2 balanced positive 3 balanced negative Unbalanced connection Inputs Signal 2 1 and 3 to GND Outputs Signal pin 2 leave pin 3 unconnected GND pin 1 2 3 Audio outputs The 562dsp AM has 3 audio outputs Main output for AM transmission extended range for web cast ing or digital AM AES 3 for digital AM opctional 2 3 1 Main output for AM Is a double balanced output XLR for AM analog transmission Both connectors sends the L R signal The double output allows working with two trans mitters at the same time one for main transmis sion and another one for back up or night trans mission The bandwidth can be switched by in ternal jumper between 5 KHz and 7 5 KHz see next Main outputs supports asymmetric positive modu lation and the level can change from 4 to 12 dBm See 3 2 2 Output settings 2 3 1 1 A M AUDIO BANDWIDTH The high frequency cut for main a
76. the signal mainly with voices 4 4 2 3 Recovery time When the input signal decreases the AGC begins to increase their gain to compensate the fall of level at the input Remember that the objective of the AGC is to assure that the signal reach the pro cessing stages with a very stable level independ SOLIDYNE 562dsp broadcast audio processor ent from the console s level The time that takes the AGC in compensating the gain reduction is called recovery time e In order to process voices use slow recovery time so that the AGC can effectively correct differences in the program signal Let us analyze an example the telephone line arrives with low level While the speaker in studies speaks the AGC works at certain level when the caller speaks the telephone presents less volume on the air and the AGC must act fast to correct this situation increasing its gain When the speaker returns the AGC will reduce their gain again And it will have to act with very little delay The hold threshold will have to be low to avoid that the AGC is hooked freezing their value during the telephone communic ation of previous example The AGC attack and recovery times must be carefully defined so that its action is not in evidence If the attack time is ex cessively slow the action of the AGC could notice the level reduction can notice If the recovery time is very slow and the attack time is very short when somebody shouts a cough
77. udio outputs can be 5 KHz or 7 5 KHz default changed from an internal jumper To modify the cut fre quency remove the top cover from cabinet and look for the TX AM PCB There are only one jumper in this board showed in the figure By default 5620 sp AM cut frequency is 7 5 KHz Page 10 N ON CONNECTIONS e Take specially care of maintain the positive phase Out put XLR Pin 2 XLR is the positive phase and must coin cide with positive modulation of transmitter This is im portant for the working of the increasing power system based on the grow of positive modulation peaks Both input channels of the 562dsp AM must be connec ted In case of the on air console has only one mono out put connect the inputs channels L and R in parallel If you hear some residual humming when the system is started up power off the processor If humming disap pear check the input connections of processor If how ever the humming remains and only remove unplugging the audio output cable this would indicates the pro cessor is not properly connected to ground 2 3 2 WEBCASTING OUTPUT This is a stereo balanced output XLR with exten ded range 20Hz 15KHz Usually it is used to Inter net streaming The output level is fixed 2 dBm The soft clipping applied to AM audio also im proves the performance of streaming coder All AM FM processors has clippers to limit PER FECTLY the peaks of the signal to 100
78. ur transmitter The output level adjusts from Set tings menu Output setup Maximum output level is 12 dBm balanced The unit has an ON OFF switch on the rear panel The main screen Hill show a welcome splash on start up and then will load the last used program SOLIDYNE 562dsp AM broadcast processor Controls ka ZEL IL COMFIRM TUCAHCEL Input Programs Ag EE 700 800 u Cae ZZ ESEL IE C HFIEM OCA 01 4427 CLASSE Section 1 Quick installation guide SETTINGS All settings values are entered using a JOG Wheel Turn the JOG to select options and to change values Pressing briefly the JOG confirms an option Pressing and holding the JOG around one second go to the main menu Each screen graphically indicates the actions available with the JOG see figure The default input level is 4dBu If your con sole manages a different level you must ad just the processor input level Press briefly the JOG to enter to the main menu Choose the option Setup Input and adjust the level according to the nominal spe cified on your console Your radio already is on the air with the sound of the Solidyne 562dsp At this point you must be anxious to listen what 562dsp is able to do with the sound of your radio on the air to begin we will explain briefly how to select the factory presets Tunes your radio in a good audio equipment and do the following Turn the JOG Note on the screen how

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