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Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick-ups

1. Figure 3 2 1 Schematic Diagram for Octave 1 27 Octave 2 5 144148 144148 143148 144148 144148 Figure 3 2 2 Schematic 54 144148 4 CAP RESISTOR 1N4143 1N4148 Leon UR ee rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rss o Diagram for Octave 2 23 aw 3 3uF AAA 6 1 4148 1N4148 TIMING R
2. D Eb F Gb 60 of Chords Legend sharp b flat Combination of Notes SUSTAINED SUSPENDED sus Csus C sus Dbsus Dsus D sus Ebsus Esus Fsus F sus Gbsus Gsus G sus Absus Asus A sus Bbsus Bsus C Db D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb F Gb G Ab A Bb Db D Eb G Ab A Bb Db D Eb FF Gb 61 of Chords Legend sharp b flat SEVENTH 7 1 C7 C 7 Db7 D7 D 7 Eb7 E7 F7 F 7 Gb7 G7 G 7 Ab7 A7 A 7 Bb7 B7 Combination of Notes C Db D D Eb E F F Gb G Ab Bb E F F Gb G G Ab A A Bb B D Eb G G Ab A AF Bb B C Db 0 Eb F Gb A Bb B C C Db D D Eb E F F Gb G G Ab A 62 of Chords Legend sharp b flat MAJOR 7 1 CM7 C M7 DbM7 DM7 D M7 EbM7 EM7 FM7 F M7 GbM7 GM7 G M7 AbM7 AM7 A M7 BbM7 BM7 Combination of Notes Db D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb F Gb G Ab A Bb Db D Eb D Eb E F F Gb Db D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb 63 of Chords Legend sharp b flat MINOR 7 1 Cm7 C m7 Dbm7 Dm7 D m7 Ebm7 Em7 Fm7 F m7
3. _ yy a c t lt we 1 0110160 32481101010 SC1602D 16 CHARACTERS x 2 LI lt l X ymn tT a 1 B FEATURES B ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5x 7 DOTS WITH CURSOR ITEM SYMBOL CONDITION MIN BUILT IN CONTROLLER 50066 OR EQUIVALENT LCD Operating ate s AA 5 V POWER SUPPLY Voltage Vovo ne 45 1 16 DUTY CYCLE 42 42 V LED FORWARD VOLTAGE Supply Voltage fazl 5 53 supply curent 2 vw 221 0 tod lle voto Dewi vo u v MECHANICAL DATA Module Size W x Hx T 85 0 x 36 0 x 8 8 12 7 LED Character Pitch VV x Hi 3 55 x 5 94 Dot Size W x H 0 56 x 0 66 Dot Pitch WAHI 0 60 x 0 70 E INTERFACE PIN CONNECTIONS a Vm 9 a Rs 2 5 Data Bit 6 Character Size W x H 2 96 x 5 56 LCD PANEL COMITE LCD SEGMENT DRIVER 5 RW 149 s Enesa Ls oet pass te EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS 8 8 LED 12 7 16 81 0 15 0 sE Pad 1 8 E 2 LED 8 7 i SCALE4 1 74 APPENDIX H How to use the Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick Ups Set
4. 1 0 movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp EmX return Disp Fm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp FmX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp FmX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp FmX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp FmX bsf Temp1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp FmX return Disp Gbm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GbmX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp GbmX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp GbmX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp GbmX bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp GbmX return Disp Gm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GmX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp GmX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp GmX btfss Note Lo 5 90 goto Disp_GmX movlw bsf 1 0 movwf INDF moviw G incf FSR F movwf INDF moviw m incf FSR F movwf INDF moviw m incf FSR F movwf INDF Disp Minor incf FSR F Disp AmX return call Disp Minor Disp GmX return Disp Bbm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BbmX Disp Abm btfsc Temp1 0 btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp AbmX goto Disp BbmX btfss Note Hi 5 btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp AbmX goto Disp BbmX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp AbmX btfss Note 0 btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp BbmX bsf 1 0 goto Disp AbmX
5. MINOR C m Dbm 4 Fret D m Ebm F m Gbm G m A m Bom SUSPENDED Csus G sus Absus C sus Dbsus Dsus D sus Ebsus 22 SEVENTH C7 C 7 Db7 4 Fret D 7 Eb7 07 F 7 Gb7 Bb7 G 7 Ab7 MAJOR seventh C M7 DbM7 D M7 7 G M7 AbM7 54 MINOR seventh C m7 Dbm7 G m7 Abm7 4 Fret Am7 D m7 Eb 55 DIMINISHED dim Cdim C dim Dbdim Ddim D dim Ebdim Edim Fdim G dim Abdim Adim A dim Bbdim 5 Fret Bdim 56 AUGMENTED aug Caug C aug Dbaug Daug D aug Ebaug F aug Gbaug A aug Bbaug 57 APPENDIX Chords and its corresponding Notes 58 of Chords Combination of Notes Legend sharp b flat MAJOR G C Db C Db F G Ab D D F Gb A D Eb D Eb A Bb E G Ab F F A C F Gb F Gb A Bb C Db G G B D G Ab G Ab C D Eb A A C Db A Bb A Bb D F B B D Eb F Gb 59 of Chords Legend sharp b flat MINOR Cm C m Dbm Dm D m Ebm Em Fm F m Gbm Gm G m Abm Am A m Bbm Bm Combination of Notes C Db 0 Eb Gb D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb Db
6. No Filter if signal is on the pre set frequency Yes Capture and Temporarily save the signal note Display of musical note in the LCD No End the captured Display try again time Process the signals Does the set of signals note corresponds to a chord Yes Display the chord C END p the LCD Figure 3 5 System Flowchart 29 Prototype Development The following statements summarize the development of the Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick Ups 1 During the first part of the term the group proposed a project about device to display the chords created in a guitar This idea was made possible through research from books magazines and other materials 2 Data gathering of related literature and related studies was needed after proposing the project to collect more information to the developers 3 Research was conducted on how the major components of the device work The availability and cost of each component were also considered These components are as follows a Phase Locked Loop b Software programs c LCD Module d Radio Frequency Principles e Microcontroller 4 A flowchart was planned and designed to have an overview of how the device will work 5 The schematic diagram was then created in reference with the flowchart This is necessary since the flowchart gives a graphical representation of
7. 0 goto Disp CmX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp CmX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp CmX return Disp Dbm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DbmX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp DbmX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp DbmX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp DbmX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp DbmX return Disp Dm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DmX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp DmX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp DmX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp DmX bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp DmX return Disp Ebm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EbmX btfss Note 0 89 goto Disp_EbmX btfss Note_Hi 3 goto Disp_EbmX btfss Note 10 1 goto Disp EbmX bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Minor Disp EbmX return Disp Em btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EmX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp EmX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp EmX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp EmX bsf
8. 3 5 LIST OF FIGURES Conceptual Framework XDS95 Screenshot of Chord Play S440 Tuner System Block Diagram Schematic Diagram Schematic Diagram for Octave 1 Schematic Diagram for Octave 2 Schematic Diagram for Octave 3 PCB Layout for Microcontroller PCB Layout for PLL Circuit System Flowchart Vil ABSTRACT Wireless Chord Creator using Pick ups is a portable device that is used to convert notes into chords and display them afterwards This design is used by guitarists to easily recognize the chords that they have performed In order for the gadget to work a phase lock loop PLL and a PIC microcontroller to display the notes and its equivalent chord are used The system uses RF through Wireless FM Transmitter and Receiver since it is designed to be wireless for the convenience of the user Keywords PIC notes chord cord octave guitar pick up tune strum pluck resonance fret viii Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION a The Design setting or context or frame of reference Chords are the combination of notes that make up a distinguishing sound or tune In most cases guitarists whether beginners or professionals make up chords that are hard to explain There are circumstances when they may have forgotten or cannot explain what they are called because they have just made up these chords accidentally In order for others to understand what chord is the guitarist who only made up that chord tries to ide
9. DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES Design Methodology Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick Ups is a system design that provides guitarists or guitar players ease of determining the chords they are playing This design is the first of its kind since other guitar related devices which are guitar tuners name only one note to be played Applied research was used to solve practical problems that relate to this kind of study This form of research is necessary to improve on this field of technology Inquiries from other people as well as using books as references are key methods of understanding the problem itself With this one s knowledge about this area of study can broaden and open to new ideas to enhance the gadget Rigorous reading from different sources such as books magazines and other materials contribute to a better understanding of the subject at hand Having all the information formulates in the development of the actual device Data attained by the group is utilized to create such a device Design Procedure for Actual Design The designers have taken a step by step procedure in making the whole hardware design These steps are as follows 1 The first step was to gather information from related studies to have adequate background of the area of the study It is vital to know other information related to the study because it will help in the understanding of 17 concept of the design Conceptualization was also done i
10. Gbm7 Gm7 G m7 Abm Am7 A m7 Bbm7 Bm7 Combination of Notes C Db D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb D Eb F Gb G Ab A Bb Db Ab D Eb F Gb A Bb Db D Eb F Gb G Ab 64 of Chords Combination of Notes Legend sharp b flat DIMINISHED dim Cdim C D Eb F Gb C dim Dbdim Db E G Bb Ddim D F G Ab B D dim Ebdim D Eb F Gb A C Edim E G A Bb C Db Fdim F Ab B D F dim Gbdim F Gb A C D Eb Gdim G A Bb C Db E G dim Abdim G Ab B D F Adim A C D Eb F Gb A dim Bbdim A Bb C Db E G Bdim B D F G Ab 65 of Chords Legend sharp b flat AUGMENTED aug Caug C aug Dbaug Daug D aug Ebaug Eau Faug F aug Gbaug Gaug G aug Abaug Aaug A aug Bbaug Baug Combination of Notes Db D Eb F Gb G Ab Bb E Ab F A F Gb Bb G B Ab C A Db D B D Eb C E Db F D Gb 0 Eb G 66 APPENDIX D LM 567 IC Tone Decoder 119 Madoral Sm orc Co por ark N ational Semiconductor LM567 LM567C Tone Decoder General Description The LM567 and LM567C are general purpose tone decod ers designed to provide a saturated transistor switch to ground when an input signal is present within the pa
11. movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major Disp DbX return Disp D btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp DX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp DX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp DX bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major Disp DX return Disp Eb btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EbX btfss Note 0 goto Disp EbX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp EbX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp EbX bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp Major Disp EbX return Disp E btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp EX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp EX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp EX bsf 1 0 movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major Disp EX return Disp btfsc Temp1 0 87 Disp FX Disp Gb goto Disp FX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp FX btfss Note 0 0 goto Disp FX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp FX bsf 1 0 movlw F movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major return btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GbX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp GbX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp GbX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp GbX bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw b movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp Major Disp GbX return Disp G btfsc Temp1 0 got
12. the functions of the device If the functions are enumerated the components can then be set depending on which is needed 30 6 Using the information in the schematic diagram PCB layout was created Then the components were then interfaced with each part 7 The device was tested using a function generator to know if the expected outputs were achieved The circuit was also calibrated to be set to its purpose 8 When the setting was completed the circuit was tested by means of a guitar with pick ups This determined if the expected output was correct 9 When testing was successful construction of the casing was started 10 After the completion of the casing it was again tested if the output or the display was correct with the expected results 11 Lastly the maximum distance of the transmitter to the receiver was tested 31 Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Testing the Pre set Frequency and LED Testing the circuit if the pre set frequency is in line with the expected output is crucial These series of tests shall determine if the signal note corresponds to the equivalent value found in Table 3 1 in chapter 3 showing the Musical Note Frequency Table This is the core reference wherein each signal Shall be unique from one another Since a chord is a combination of notes these notes have different frequencies which differentiate one from another In order to do such test a function gen
13. Disp Fm7 call Disp Gbm7 call Disp Gm7 call Disp Abm7 call Disp 7 Disp Bbm7 call Disp Bm7 call call call call call call call Disp Cdim Disp Dbdim Disp Ddim Disp Caug Disp Dbaug Disp Daug Disp Ebaug dim 7 8 raug 8 8 movf PCLATH TEMP W movwf PCLATH call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call call Disp C Disp Db Disp D Disp Eb Disp E Disp F Disp Gb Disp G Disp Ab Disp A Disp Bb Disp B Disp Cm Disp Dbm Disp Dm Disp Ebm Disp Em Disp Fm Disp Gbm Disp Gm Disp Abm Disp Am Disp Bbm Disp Bm Disp Cs Disp Dbs Disp Ds Disp Ebs Disp Es Disp Fs Disp Gbs Disp Gs Disp Abs Disp As Disp Bbs Disp Bs Major 1 8 minor 2 8 suspended 86 Disp None Disp ChordX return Major Note Disp C Disp CX Disp Db btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp CX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp CX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp CX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp CX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major return btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DbX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp DbX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp DbX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp DbX bsf Temp1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b
14. Ic ay 3691209 AYSLLya AZT NOTE AS AZ T gt 3NT O Z 3 Ul120 au EL T 1599 I j EI A m 4341359383 oda KA AA 5 725 425 22359 bc 9JS SON Td22 2ZO gt l2 Xl 9ou ISoTi To la xW eow 0597 L ODAET LNOATI ZISO sqa NIMJDZT SoOLEI 1NI 093 cai IMOOL bPuU tay Sau ume AS O o AS AS AS O MS S3NIT Z X 9T AUldSId A a NR Fe a En En TE an an Octave 1 5 S 3 3uF 144148 144148 144148 TIMING RESISTOR PPP 1 4148 4 144148 1 4148 144148 TIMING RESISTOR LED CFE AV 144148 144148 TIMING RESISTOR l i
15. a correct output This was repeated a number of times until the output on the LCD screen was incorrect or cannot detect any signal from the transmitter Every checking of the distance is incremented by 1 meter 40 Distance Receiver and Transmitter Receiver and Transmitter Meter detection of signal no detection of signal m t S Y 2 Y cs 3 Y a Y X 5 V XX _ 6 X 7 8 XX 9 XX 190 Y LH Table 4 4 Range of Receiver and Transmitter This table shows the test conducted in determining the maximum distance of detecting a signal It can be seen that in Table 4 4 a check mark can be seen in the column of detection of signal from the distance of 1 meter up to the distance of 10 meters indicating that the transmitter and receiver can send and receive signals within the specified range On the other hand the column no detection of signal has a check mark in the distance from 11 to 12 meters indicating that the signal transmitted by the transmitter cannot be detected by the receiver Through this test it can be summarized that it can only cover 10m of distance from the transmitter to the receiver There are also factors that may affect this calculated distance Some are caused by the thickness of the wall between the two devices it can also be through other radio signals interference because of such de
16. are in good working condition 5 The guitar should be in standard tuning to have better results 6 The circuit only covers 3 octaves from 110 Hz A Note to 830 6094 Hz G Note 7 Chords created are only the common chords used Major Minor Suspended Seventh Major Seventh Minor Seventh Diminished and Augmented 8 It is battery operated 9 Its wireless capability is up to a maximum of 10 meters 10 The main board is connected to the LCD screen by means of a cable of 2 meters 11 The transmitter must be set to 107 1 MHz since it is the pre set default frequency thus it can be varied if the receiver is calibrated again in synchronization with the transmitter 12 The main board only uses 1 rocker switch for the On Off of the power supply 13 It cannot output multiple chords at a time 14 It only has a capture time of 8 seconds Definition of Terms Amplifier sound increasing apparatus a device that makes sounds louder especially one increasing the sound level of musical instruments Encarta World English Dictionary Chords notes struck together two or more musical notes played or sung simultaneously Encarta World English Dictionary Circuit route for electricity a route around which an electrical current can flow beginning and ending at the same point Encarta World English Dictionary Cord electrical cable flexible insulated electric cable Encarta World English Dictionary F
17. equ Set RS0 macro 016 000 H 80 LCD Li D 40 bcf LCD CPort LCD RS endm Set RS1 macro Pulse EN Init LCD bsf LCD CPort LCD RS endm bsf LCD CPort LCD EN nop nop nop nop bcf LCD CPort LCD EN call return Set RSO movlw D 200 call Wait2 moviw D 200 call Wait2 movlw H 38 movwf LCD DPort Pulse EN movlw D 100 call Wait2 call Pulse EN movlw D 100 call Wait2 call Pulse EN movlw D 100 call Wait2 movlw H 06 movwf LCD DPort Pulse movlw movwf LCD_DPort call Pulse_EN movlw H 14 movwf LCD_DPort call Pulse_EN movlw H 01 movwf LCD_DPort call Pulse_EN moviw D 100 Wait2 return 84 10 movwf Waiti_Val Wait1_loop decf Wait1_Val F btfss STATUS Z goto Waitl_loop return Wait2 movwf Wait2_Val Wait2 loop Waitl decf Wait2 Val F btfss STATUS Z goto Wait2 loop return Disp LCD Disp LCD1 Set RSO moviw LCD L1 Addr movwf LCD DPort Pulse_EN Set_RS1 cirf Tempi RAM2LCD1 movlw LCD Char Max subwf Temp1 W btfsc STATUS Z goto RAM2LCD1X movlw LCD RAM Buf addwf Temp1 W movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 movf INDF W movwf LCD_DPort Pulse incf Templ F goto RAM2LCD1 RAM2LCD1X nop Disp LCD2 Set RSO moviw LCD L2 Addr movwf LCD DPort call Pulse EN Set RS1 clrf Tempi RAM2LCD2 movlw LCD Char Max subwf Temp1 W btfsc STATUS Z goto RAM2LCD2X movlw LCD RAM Buf addlw LCD Char Ma
18. have a correct match The third set of trials illustrates that all notes have a correct match with the setting of each PLL It confirms that the PLL is already set at its target adjustments These testing procedures for one octave are also done with the two other remaining octaves The check mark represents a correct match from the function generator to the PLL making the LED light up The X mark indicates that the LED did not light up meaning the PLL is not matched to the setting of the functions generator Its results explain that in the first set of trials 66 67 8 12 notes are correct In the second set 91 67 11 12 notes 33 are correct set to the PLL Lastly in the third set all notes are 100 12 12 correct in reference to the functions generator to the PLL s setting Testing the Pre set Frequency and Guitar with pick up Using the guitar as replacement of the function generator is the next step in testing if the correct range of frequency covers the pre set PLL By using the guitar the strings are plucked or strummed to produce a signal that will determine if the octave used in the Musical Note Frequency Table Table 3 1 Chapter 3 is sufficient Since the actual application of the design is using a guitar it is best suited to test the circuit with it A guitar with pick up has a slot which is connected from the guitar pick up and attached to the body of the guitar The slot is used for guitar cables to which the cable ca
19. movlw A bsf 1 0 movwf INDF movlw G incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw m incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw m incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw B incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw A incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw b incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw b incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw m incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw m incf FSR F movwf INDF call Disp Minor incf FSR F Disp BbmX return call Disp Minor Disp AbmX return Disp Bm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BmX Disp Am btfsc Temp1 0 btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp AmX goto Disp BmX btfss Note Lo 0 btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp AmX goto Disp BmX btfss Note Lo 3 btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp AmX goto Disp BmX btfss Note Hi 1 bsf 1 0 goto Disp AmX movlw B bsf 1 0 movwf INDF incf FSR F movwf INDF moviw m incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw y incf FSR F movwf INDF Disp Minor incf FSR F Disp BmX return movlw movwf INDF Disp Major movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw M incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw 9 incf FSR F movwf INDF moviw a incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw a incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw j incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw i incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw n incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw r incf FSR F movwf INDF Disp NoneX return incf FSR F include Chord2 inc include Chord3 inc
20. table above was used as a summary of tests considering all octaves In trial 1 all LEDs did not light up because most of the notes considering the octaves did not match It means that the chosen octaves basing from the Musical Note Frequency Table are not the suggested octaves a guitar covers It shows that 0 out of 12 0 12 0 LEDs did not light up The octaves were adjusted by choosing one octave higher which results in trial 2 Again it did not match up perfectly showing 5 out of 12 5 12 41 67 success rate In trial 3 one 35 Increment of octave is needed to best suit range Seeing that trial 3 has 6 out of 12 6 12 50 success rate the group verified that the octaves they needed was Octave 4 5 and 6 from the Music Note Frequency Table It corresponds to a frequency range of 110Hz to 830 61Hz After choosing the right range trial 4 and trial 5 had discrepancies only due to the PLL settings which needed a little tweaking The table illustrated a 66 67 8 out of 12 8 12 and 75 9 out of 12 9 12 accordingly In the 6 trial the target result which is 100 correct match was attained showing 12 out of 12 12 12 correct notes Testing the Expected Result to Actual Result in the LCD screen The main feature of the design is to display a chord produced by strumming or plucking certain combinations of notes This test verifies that feature where it is the main function of the device Having these series of tests will show how accu
21. 2 The source follower output of the VCO demodulator Out is used with an external resistor of 10 or mora Block amp Connection Diagrams SIGNAL IN on PHASE LOW PARATDR I PHASE COXPARATOR PHATE COM OUT O PHASE PULEES Ves di Vas FIGURE 1 Freee The INHIBIT input when high disables the VCO and source follower to minimize standby power consumption The zener diode is provided for power supply regulation if necessary Features B Wide supply voltage range m Low dynamic power consumption B VCO frequency Low frequency drift with temperature m High VCO linearity 3 0V to 18V 70 W at la 10 kHz Von 1 3 MHz at Von 10V 0 0695 at 10V 1 typ Applications FM demodulator and modulator Frequency synthesis and multiplication Frequency discrimination Data synchronization and conditioning Voltage to frequency conversion Tone decoding FSK modulation Motor speed control Dual In Line Package PHASE FULSES Var AASE COM COMPARATOR if OUT PHASE COMP I G ur H3 isi na Ela 1 on DEMTOBLATDR GET Pas FILTER Veg WED TA TL F 5968 2 Top View Order Number CD4046B TLF 5968 1 EEZHOEOMT15 Priradin U 5 doo J9M0d0J9IW 989r0rq2 WW89r0ra5 72 APPENDIX G LCD Module
22. 2 goto Disp GM7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp GM7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp GM7X bsf 1 0 moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp GM7X return Disp AbM7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AbM7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp AbM7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp AbM7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp AbM7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp AbM7X bsf 1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp AbM7X return Disp AMZ btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AM7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp AM7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp AM7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp AM7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp AM7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp AM7X return Disp BbMZ7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BbM7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp BbM7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp BbM7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp BbM7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp BbM7X bsf 1 0 movlw A 99 movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp M7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp BbM7X return Disp BMZ7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BM7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp BM7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp BM7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp BM7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp BM7X bsf 1 0 movlw movwf I
23. 30292C page 1 70 APPENDIX Phase Locked Loop 2155 Nadonal Semiconducor Corpor adon MV national Semiconductor November 1995 CD4046BM CD4046BC Micropower Phase Locked Loop General Description The CD4046B micropower phase locked loop PLL con sists of a low power linear voltage controlled oscillator a source follower a zener diode and two phase comparators The two phase comparators have a common signal input and a common comparator input The signal input can be directly coupled for a large voltage signal or capacitively coupled to the self biasing amplifier at the sig nal input for a small voltage signal Phase comparator an exclusive OH gate provides a digital emor signal phase comp Out and maintains 90 phase shifts at tha VCO center frequency Between signal input and comparator input both at 50 duty cycle it may lock onto the signal input frequencies that are close to harmon ics of the center frequency Phase comparator is an edge controlled digital memory network t provides a digital signal phase comp Out and lock in signal phase pulses to indicate a locked condition and maintains a 0 phase shift between signal in put and comparator input The linear voltage controlled oscillator VCO produces an output signal VCO Out whose frequency is determined by the voltage at the VCO input and the capacitor and resis tors connected to pin C14 R1 and R
24. 6 Edition Prentice Hall Colorado Julio Sanchez Maria P Cantor 2007 Microcontroller Programming The Microchip PIC Loy Gareth 2006 Musimathics Volume 1 The Mathematical Foundations of Music The MIT Press 44 APPENDICES APPENDIX Material Listings and Price Lists 46 SSS Kil _ wm 8 pin connector 2 37 00 74 00 aiii connie 27 Kadi 22pf ceramic a awe 4Mhz Crystal 1 50 00 50 00 40 pins IC Socket 1 8 00 8 00 28 00 28 00 Switch 25 00 25 00 14148 Diode 00 72 00 Trimmer resistor 100K rbi 65 00 2 340 00 47 8 IC Socket 104 Multilayer ceramic capacitor LM567 IC LM358 IC Alexan Case Black 3 00 117 00 48 2 00 96 00 34 00 1 224 00 3 34 00 102 00 150 00 150 00 Alexan Case White 1 30 00 60 00 1 45 00 45 00 EM 30 00 240 00 00 36 00 10uF 16V electrolytic Capacitor i we 1 2 00 72 00 47uF 16V electrolytic Capacitor 8 Wireless FM Transmitter FM Receiver Microphone Amplifier OV Battery Microphone Cable 36 36 1 380 00 380 00 1 70 00 45 00 45 00 54 00 54 00 1 35 00 35 00 TOTAL 7 841 50 48 APPENDIX B Chord Reference 49 MAJOR Db F DZ Eb 50
25. 6 mA typical amp 3 4 MHz 20 uA typical 3v 32 kHz 1 LA typical standby current Pin Diagram MCL WA 1 z SAINZ RE e 4 SACAN ES 7 REDRD ANE s REV WANE ROTFSPT ROG PSPS ROSS OSCHZLKOUT ADAP Sra RCUOTIOBOITACKI RCTIRX DT RCAITTOBI CCP2 7 25 NH 41 2 RHED RCiBCK SCL y RCAIBDUSDA RDCPSPI 2 w e 20 4 RD2FSFZ ia F lt a LL Q cL Peripheral Features 3 bit timer counter with 5 bit prescaler Timert 16 bit brmer counter with prescaler can be incremented dunng SLEEP extemal crystal clock 2 8 54 Bmer counter with 8 bit period register prescaler and postscaler Two Capture Compare modules Capture 16 bit max resolution is 12 5 ns Compare is 16 bit max resolution is 200 ns PWM max resolution is 10 bit 10 54 multi channel og to Digital converter Synchronous Serial Port SSP with SPI Master mode and Master Slave Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter USART SCI with 3 bit address detection Parallel Slave Port PSP 3 bits wide with external RD WR and C5 controls 40 44 pin only Brown out detection circuitry for Brown out Reset BOR 2001 Micrachip Technology Inc DS
26. AbsX return Disp As btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AsX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp AsX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp AsX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp AsX bsf 1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp AsX return Disp Bbs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BbsX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp BbsX btfss Note 0 goto Disp BbsX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp BbsX bsf Temp1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp sus movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp BbsX return Disp Bs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BsX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp BsX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp BsX btfss Note Hi 3 94 goto Disp_BsX bsf 1 0 moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp_sus Disp BsX return Disp sus movlw s movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw u movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw s movwf INDF incf FSR F return Disp C7 Temp1 0 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp C7X return Disp Db7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Db7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Db7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp Db7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Db7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp Db7X bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf
27. Correct Table 4 36 Each set contains five trials found Table 4 3 to determine the number of times a chord is strummed or plucked to produce the expected output A certain trial has a time span of 8 seconds since it is the default capture time of the device In each set the initial trial will undergo single strumming or plucking of strings and as for the succeeding trials the number of strumming or plucking of strings increments by one set is the average result of testing all the chords covered in this study This means that each chord was checked 8 times 8 sets to verify its accuracy From the sets it was concluded that 28 out of 40 28 40 giving a 70 rating for expected chord attained It also gives 12 out of 40 12 40 giving a 30 rating for expected chord not attained Some of the factors that may affect these tests results are based on the sensitivity of the guitar pick up when sound cannot be captured clearly Another factor is that the notes of the chord played is not tightly pressed down to its fret making the oscillation of the string stop at the instant it is plucked or strummed Interfering with the oscillation of the string by other means can also affect the performance of the design for it to capture the notes needed The more the strings are plucked or strummed the more there is a chance to generate the expected output It is shown in Table 4 3 that 5 out of 8 5 8 62 5 sets has a higher success rate of being able to r
28. DF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp EbsX return Disp Es btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp bsf 1 0 movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp EsX return Disp Fs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp FsX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp FsX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp FsX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp FsX bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp sus Disp FsX return Disp Gbs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GbsX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp GbsX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp GbsX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp GbsX bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F 93 Disp sus movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp GbsX return Disp Gs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GsX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp GsX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp GsX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp GsX bsf 1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp GsX return Disp Abs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AbsX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp AbsX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp AbsX btfss Note 0 goto Disp AbsX bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp sus Disp
29. ESISTOR 143148 144148 144148 Figure 3 2 3 Schematic 5V 1 4148 TIMING SOK RESISTOR TRIM 1N4143 TIMING RESISTOR 144148 Diagram for Octave 3 24 4 Lee rr rr rr rr rr rr RAIL rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr Ar rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr sr ro 3 List of Materials Description Quantity Description Quantity 3 evan Case Wie 2 Ben sm 105 multilayer ceramic capacitor Battery 22pf ceramic capacitor 2 Phone Jack W10G Bridge Diode Switch 1 4Watt resistor IN4148 Diode 2 pin terminal block 2 Trimmer resistor 100K 36 4Mhz Crystal 8 pin Socket 39 10K array resistor 2 Receiver BP OlAO 40 pins IC Socket MENS Phone Jack Y adaptor PIC16F877 microcontroller IC MON Phone Jack converter 104 Multilayer ceramic capacitor Microphone Amplifier MIN 10uF 16V electrolytic Capacitor 36 Microphone Cable 47uF 16V electrolytic Capacitor 36 9V Battery Wireless FM Transmitter 1 Table 3 2 List of Materials Hardware Components Research was conducted on for the most effective electronic parts for this system design Some important components of the design are listed below 25 S E 3 PCB Layout for Microcontrol 2 LI LI L2 1343 K L2 2 L2 K K L2 LO L2 L2 L2 L2 622 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 LI GR L2 L2 GR L2 L2 L2 E EZ Micropower Phase Locked L
30. F Disp aug Disp DaugX return Disp Ebaug btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EbaugX btfss Note Hi O goto Disp EbaugX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp EbaugX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp EbaugX bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp aug Disp EbaugX return Disp aug movlw a movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw u movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw g movwf INDF incf FSR F return 105
31. FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp Db7X return Disp 07 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp D7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp D7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp D7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp D7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp D7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp D7X return Disp Eb7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Eb7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp Eb7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp Eb7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Eb7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Eb7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E 95 movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Call Disp 7 Disp Eb7X return Disp E7 btfsc goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto bsf 1 0 Disp_E7X Note_Hi 1 Disp_E7X Note_Hi 5 Disp E7X Note Lo 2 Disp E7X Note Lo 5 Disp E7X 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp 7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp Gb7X return movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp E7X return Disp F7 btfsc goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto bsf Temp1 0 Disp F7X Note Hi 2 Disp F7X
32. M7 Disp DM7X return Disp EbM7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EbM7X btfss Note Hi O goto Disp EbM7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp EbM7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp EbM7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp EbM7X bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp EbM7X return Disp_EM7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp btfss Note_Hi 1 goto Disp EM7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp EM7X btfss Note 10 2 goto Disp EM7X btfss Note Hi O goto Disp EM7X bsf 1 0 movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp EM7X return Disp 7 Temp1 0 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp FM7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp FM7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp FM7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp FM7X bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp FM7X return 98 Disp_GbM7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp GbM7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp GbM7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp GbM7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp GbM7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp GbM7X bsf 1 0 movlw F movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp GbM7X return Disp GMZ7 btfsc 1 0 goto Disp GM7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp GM7X btfss Note 10
33. NDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp BM7X return Disp M7 movlw M movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw 7 movwf INDF incf FSR F return org 0x0800 Disp Cm7 _ btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Cm7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp Cm7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp Cm7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp Cm7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Cm7X bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Cm7X return Disp Dbm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Dbm7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Dbm7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp Dbm7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Dbm7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp Dbm7X bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Dbm7X return Disp Dm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Dm7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp Dm7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp Dm7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp Dm7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp Dm7X bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F 100 call Disp m7 Disp Dm7X return Disp Ebm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Ebm7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp Ebm7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp Ebm7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Ebm7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Ebm7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF inc
34. Note 10 0 Disp F7X Note Lo 3 Disp F7X Note Disp F7X 1 0 Disp G7 btfsc goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto Temp1 0 Disp G7X Note Hi 4 Disp G7X Note Lo 2 Disp G7X Note Lo 5 Disp G7X Note Hi 2 Disp G7X bsf 1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp G7X return movlw F movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp F 7X return Disp Gb7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto bsf Disp Gb7X Note Hi 3 Disp Gb7X Note 0 1 Disp Gb7X Note Lo 4 Disp Gb7X Note Hi 1 Disp Gb7X 1 0 Disp_Ab7 btfsc goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto btfss goto Temp1 0 Disp_Ab7X Note_Hi 5 Disp_Ab7X Note_Lo 3 Disp_Ab7X Note_Hi 0 Disp_Ab7X Note_Hi 3 Disp_Ab7X bsf 1 0 moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp 7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp Ab7X return Disp A7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp bsf 1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp return Disp Bb7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Bb7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Bb7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp Bb7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp Bb7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Bb7X bsf Tem
35. TUS RPO movlw B 11000011 movwf OPTION REG moviw B 00000110 movwf ADCON1 moviw B 11111111 movwf TRISA movlw B 00000000 movwf TRISB moviw B 11111111 movwf TRISC movlw B 00000000 movwf TRISD moviw 00000111 movwf TRISE bcf STATUS RPO call Init Var call Init LCD call Disp LCD bsf INTCON TOIE bsf INTCON GIE Program Starts Here nop goto Main Interrupt Service Routine ISR_routine movwf W_TEMP movf STATUS W movwf STAT_TEMP STATUS RPO btfsc INTCON TOIF goto TMROint RestoreReg movf STAT_TEMP W movwf STATUS movf W_TEMP W retfie 0 TMRO Interrupt Service Routine TMROint bcf INTCON TOIF movlw D 06 addwf TMRO F call Read_Input Do_Tmri call Disp Data call Disp Chord call Disp LCD TMROintX goto RestoreReg addwf PCL F dt NOTE dt n n 81 Init_Var clrf Msg Num call Ld Msg2RAM movf PORTA W movwf Port New movf PORTE W movwf PortE New movwf PortE Prev movf PORTC W movwf PortC New clrf PORTD clrf Tmri Sec Tmri Pres clrf Note Lo clrf Note Hi return Read Input movf PORTA W movwf PortA New movf PORTC W movwf PortC New movf PORTE W movwf PortE New Read RE2 btfsc PortE New 2 goto Read RE2X btfss PortE Prev 2 goto Read RE2X movf Tmri Sec W btfss STATUS Z goto Read RE2X movlw H 80 movwf Tmri Sec movlw D O call Ld Msg2RAM clrf Note Lo clrf Note Hi Read RE2X nop Chk Tmri movf Tmri Sec W btfs
36. Up 1 Put batteries on the following 8pcs AA Batteries 1 5V in main unit Black 1 9V Battery in amplifier White Box and 2pcs AAA Batteries 1 5V FM transmitter White Case Main unit Black Box FM Transmitter White Case 2 Loosen the clip on the LCD display to be able to clamp it on the preferred part of the guitar or place it at a convenient area that the user will be able to see the output clearly 76 3 the main unit Black floor any area that you may prefer close enough to your guitar not to pull the cable attached to it too much Switch the power 4 Place the Amplifier White Box and FM Transmitter White Case to its proper casing Small Bag black and red with clip It is highly suggested to clip the bag on your pants 6 Switch On the power for the FM transmitter unit by holding down the power button for 3 sec and set the default frequency to 107 1MHz by pressing the or sign Also switch on the amplifier 77 Usage 1 Push the Red Button of the LCD display to start the capture time 8 seconds capture time and then do a chord on the frets guitar neck fretboard or vice versa 2 Strum or pluck the guitar strings while timer is still counting until it reaches 1 millisecond 3 During the capture time the notes that are plucked or strung will be displayed After the capture time if the combination of notes corres
37. Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick ups By Edward Michael L Abad Karen B Cornejo Rachelle G Santos A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Mapua Institute of Technology November 2008 Approval Sheet Institute of Technology School of EE ECE CoE This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the design report prepared by Edward Michael L Abad Karen B Cornejo and Rachelle G Santos entitled Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick Ups and that the said report has been submitted for final examination by the Oral Examination Committee i Al Prof Susana T Alabastro Engr Cyrel Ontimare Reader Design Adviser As members of the Oral Examination Committee we certify that we have examined this design report presented before the committee on November 24 2008 and hereby recommended that it be accepted as fulfilment of the design requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Engr Mary Ann Latina Engr Vic Dennis Chua Panel Member Panel Member Engr Ma ne Quinit Chairman This design report is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering
38. ached to the gadget It can also be placed at a distance estimated to be within a typical room size for the user to see it from afar The LCD with the main board can be attached to the guitar itself or placed at a certain distance not greater than 10m for other users to see the chords being played The then shows the output of the notes with chords user has just played f The Scope and Delimitation The device covers and delimits to the following Scope 1 The device will use RF technology 2 It can be easily attached or un attached to a guitar 3 The output will be displayed on a LCD screen 4 The gadget will have two separate parts one part is for the display LCD as well as the main board for the processing of signals the other part is for the output of the guitar that will send the signal to the main circuit 5 The amplifier connected to the transmitter has an added slot wherein you can connect a microphone cable on one end and the other end to an amplifier system if the user wishes to 6 A push button switch is used to trigger the start of processing of the system design 7 It will use the PLL Phase Locked Loop principle Delimitation 1 It can only be used for a guitar with a guitar pick up 2 The design cannot show the positioning of notes to be pressed as a chord is played 3 It cannot be submerged water or any form of liquid 4 It is more accurate if the guitar and strings
39. ar at a certain area in the room and be able to supply an output for the other player to show the chord that user has created Software Design The system designers needed a device for the capturing process and producing the chord created from the strumming of the guitar A push button was implemented to initiate the capturing process As a solution a microcontroller was used to control the capturing process and to produce the chord created The microcontroller was used to compare and interpret the converted Signals passed by the PLL The main routine of the program is to capture and produce the chord created by the guitar player The output is then sent to the LCD to display the created chord Software Components The software component of the design is the PIC16F877A microcontroller It is the one responsible for operating the whole system The converted input from the PLL is passed to the microcontroller to produce chords created For the program language the PIC Assembly was used to program the microcontroller PIC Assembly is much similar to Assembly Language especially in some of its instructions This language is one of the simplest way to program a microcontroller device 28 System Flowchart C START gt Push button Start capture time 8 secs Strum or pluck the strings m Transmit Signal note A Receive Signal note
40. as fulfilment of the design requirement for the degree in Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Dr Felicito S Caluy Dean School of EE ECE CoE 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We the designers would like to thank our parents for the support that they have given us in building the design that we have made all our friends who willingly participated in testing our design effectively Engr Cyrel C Ontimare who has been patient in giving us lectures and recommendations in the making of the design Prof Benigno Agapito Jr who help us in fixing the format for our documentation Prof Susana T Alabastro who patiently guided us in constructing our paragraphs and checking the grammar of our documents and most especially God who gave us the strength and patience in constructing our design and our documentation Edward Michael L Abad Karen B Cornejo Rachelle G Santos 111 TITLE PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION mo on o The Design setting or context or frame of reference Statement of the Problem The Objective of the Design The Significance of the Design The Conceptual Framework The Scope and Delimitation Definition of Terms Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES Chapter 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES Design Methodology Design Procedures a Har
41. c STATUS Z goto Chk_Tmr1X Read RAO btfss PortA_New 0 bsf Note 10 0 Read_RA1 btfss PortA_New 1 bsf Note_Lo 1 Read_RA2 btfss PortA_New 2 bsf Note_Lo 2 Read_RA3 btfss PortA_New 3 bsf Note_Lo 3 Read_RA4 btfss PortA_New 4 bsf Note_Lo 4 Read_RA5 btfss PortA_New 5 bsf Note_Lo 5 Read_RCO btfss PortC_New 0 bsf Note_Hi O Read_RC1 btfss PortC_New 1 bsf Note Hi 1 Read RC2 btfss PortC New 2 bsf Note Hi 2 Read RC3 btfss PortC_New 3 bsf Note Hi 3 Read RC4 btfss PortC_New 4 bsf Note Hi 4 Read RC5 btfss PortC New 5 bsf Note Hi 5 Chk TmriX nop Read InX movf PortE New W movwf PortE Prev return Disp Tmri_Sec W btfsc STATUS Z goto Disp DataX movlw LCD RAM Buf addlw D 6 movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 DispA btfss Note 10 0 goto DispAX movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F DispAX nop DispBb btfss Note Lo 1 goto DispBbX movlw B movwf INDF 82 incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F DispBbX nop DispB DispBX DispC DispCX DispCb btfss Note Lo 2 goto DispBX movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note Lo 3 goto DispCX movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note Lo 4 goto DispCbX movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F DispCbX DispD DispDX DispDb btfss Note Lo 5 goto DispDX movlw D movwf INDF i
42. cf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Abm7X return Disp Am7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Am7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp Am7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp Am7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp Am7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp Am7X bsf 1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Am7X return Disp Bbm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Bbm7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Bbm7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Bbm7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp Bbm7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Bbm7X bsf 1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 movlw movwf INDF FSR F movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Bbm7X return Disp Bm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Bm7X btfss Note 10 2 goto Disp Bm7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp Bm7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp Bm7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp Bm7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Bm7X return Disp m7 moviw m movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw 7 102 movwf INDF incf FSR F return Disp Cdim btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp CdimX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp CdimX btfss Note 0 goto Disp CdimX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp CdimX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp CdimX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m
43. controller 69 MICROCHIP PIC16F87X 28 40 Pin 8 Bit CMOS FLASH Microcontrollers Devices Included in this Data Sheet PIC16F873 PIC16F874 PIC16F876 PICT6F877 Microcontroller Core Features High performance RISC CPU Only 35 single word instructions to learn All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycle Operating speed DC 20 MHz clack input DC 200 ns instruction s Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory Lip to 358 x 8 bytes of Data Memory RAM Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory Pinout compatible to the PIC16C73E TABIfEI T Interrupt capability up to 14 sources Eight level deep hardware stack Direct indirect and relative addressing modes Power on Reset POR Power up Timer PWRT and Oscillator Start up Timer OST Watchdog Timer WDT with its own on chip RC oscillator for reliable operation s Programmable code protection Power saving SLEEP mode s Selectable oscillator options Low power high speed CMOS FLASH EEPROM technology Fully static design n Circuit Serial Programming ESP via two pins Single 5 In Circuit Serial Programming capability In Circuit Debugging via two pins s Processor read write access to program memory Wide operating voltage range 2 0 to 5 5 V High Sink Source Current 25 mA Commercial Industrial and Extended temperature ranges ow power consumption lt 0
44. dware Design 1 Block Diagram 2 Schematic Diagram 3 List of Materials Hardware Components b Software Design Software Components System Flowchart C Prototype Development VI viii E UY NN IV Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION DATA Testing the Pre Set Frequency and LED Testing the Pre Set Frequency and Guitar with pick up Testing the Expected Result to Actual Result in the LCD screen Testing the range covered between the Receiver and Transmitter Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion Recommendation BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix A Material Listings and Price Lists Appendix B Chord Reference Appendix C Chords and its corresponding Notes Appendix D Data Sheet for LM 567 IC Tone Decoder Appendix E Data Sheet for PIC16F877 Microcontroller IC Appendix F Data Sheet for Phase Locked Loop Appendix G Data Sheet for LCD Module Appendix H User s Manual Appendix I Source Code 32 34 36 40 42 42 43 LIST OF TABLES Table 3 1 Musical Note Frequency Table Table 3 2 List of Materials Table 4 1 Function Generator to PLL Calibration Table 4 2 Guitar with pick up to PLL Calibration Table 4 3 Guitar with pick up to LCD displaying the Expected Chord Table 4 4 Range of Receiver and Transmitter vi 1 1 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 1 Figure 3 2 2 Figure 3 2 3 3 3 3 4
45. each the expected chord having three or more strums and plucks while 3 out of 8 3 8 or 37 5 will most likely fail if the number of times it is strummed or plucked is 1 or 2 times The table shows the chord and its 39 corresponding notes as reference testing expected results The reference can be found in Appendix C of this study Testing the range covered between the Receiver and Transmitter A receiver and transmitter may vary its range depending on its type In this study an FM receiver and transmitter were used in conducting tests to validate the distance it can cover from one device to another It is significant to know the maximum range the device can achieve in order for the user to estimate how far he or she may be away from the gadget and still make it work This kind of test will also determine if other factors may affect the outcome of the output itself Furthermore this test showed the limitation of the device so that improvements can be made in the future This test was conducted by putting the main board where the receiver was connected to a stable flat surface This was used as a reference point where the transmitter was connected to the amplifier that was connected to the guitar The guitar with the transmitter was tested to produce an output at the same point where the receiver was After one test was conducted the guitar with the transmitter was taken away from the receiver by 1 meter and was tested again to produce
46. erator is used as a source with the frequency adjusted to a specific value From the function generator it is tapped to the PLL circuit with LED present on the output of the circuit If a signal is set from the function generator and passes through the PLL circuit the LED while light up if the PLL s screw is correctly adjusted This means that as the group calibrates the value of frequency in the function generator based on the musical note frequency table which assigns one particular frequency to a specific note each PLL should also be calibrated in line with the signal to have a correct match There is a total of 12 notes including the sharps and flats in one octave thus in one octave there is a total of 12 PLL which is assigned to a specific frequency A total of 3 octaves were used so 36 PLLs were utilized in the circuit and included in testing 32 For every octave series of tests were conducted Shown in Table 4 1 are the results of the initial testing up to the last testing of one octave Function Generator Set to oe asas V V V V V V Y v Trial 1 1 Y v x Table 4 1 Function Generator to PLL Calibration Based on trial 1 of the Table above the results show that 8 out of 12 notes have a correct match This means that 8 PLLs are correctly set to allow Signals to pass through it at the expected frequency Trial 2 shows the result of the next series of tests for every note In that trial 11 out of 12 notes
47. f an electronic device Wireless technology is the approach used in the design Making the device use this type of technology broadens the scope of the design In an article published in the Modern Guitars Magazine January 9 2007 X2 Digital Wireless Inc announced that the XDS95 is the first and only digital multi channel digital UHF wireless system designed specifically for performing or recording musicians and is now shipping through authorized dealers This gadget uses digital RF modulation hence the idea of using RF technology is one of the options Since the XDS95 is advertised as the first and only wireless system for musical applications no other device in the music industry have the same approach thus giving the proposed design a slight edge Figure 2 1 shows the XDS95 which comprises of two parts the receiver and the transmitter Since it uses RF technology it is a given that these two parts are needed to make gadget work 12 Figure 2 1 XDS95 chord plays role in making device It is necessary that said tool can output an expected chord The article by Jody Mitoma of Touch Podium entitled Chord Play Lets You Play up to 12 Guitar Chords at Any Given Time August 20 2008 is about computer software which lets you play guitar chords on your iPhone and iPod Touch It is done by simply tapping on the chords you want to play and then use the six strings to play the notes of the chord as you
48. f FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Ebm7X return Disp Em7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Em7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp Em7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp Em7X btfss Note 10 2 goto Disp Em7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp Em7X bsf 1 0 movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Em7X return Disp Fm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Fm7X btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp Fm7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Fm7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp Fm7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp Fm7X bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Fm7X return Disp Gbm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Gbm7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp Gbm7X btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp Gbm7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp Gbm7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp Gbm7X bsf 1 0 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Gbm7X return Disp Gm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Gm7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp Gm7X btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp Gm7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp Gm7X btfss Note Hi 2 101 goto Disp Gm7X bsf Temp1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp m7 Disp Gm7X return Disp Abm7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp Abm7X btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp Abm7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp Abm7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp Abm7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp Abm7X bsf 1 0 movlw G movwf INDF in
49. fect Encarta World English Dictionary 13 Note musical or vocal sound a sound of a distinct pitch quality or duration produced by a musical instrument or by the voice Encarta World English Dictionary 14 Octave note at each end of octave the note at each end of an octave especially the higher one considered in relation to the note at the other end Encarta World English Dictionary 15 part of repeating cycle part of a repeated uniform pattern of occurrence of a phenomenon or process relative to a fixed starting point or time Encarta World English Dictionary 16 Pluck pull and release strings to play a stringed musical instrument by quickly pulling and releasing strings with a finger or plectrum Encarta World English Dictionary 17 Resonance large oscillation at natural frequency increased amplitude of oscillation of a mechanical system when it is subjected to vibration from another source at or near its own natural frequency Encarta World English Dictionary 18 Signal transmitted information information transmitted by means of a modulated current or an electromagnetic wave and received by telephone telegraph radio television or radar Encarta World English Dictionary 19 Sound reproduced music or speech the music speech or other sounds heard through an electronic device such as a television radio or loudspeaker especially with regard to volume or quality Encarta Wor
50. furt Music Show that helped guitarists to solve one of their greatest headaches tuning The device the S440 tuner was developed by Somerset based ATD It displays the output on a LED screen Since Maxon Motor UK developed the product based on LED an LCD screen was used in the proposed design for a clear and elegant display Figure 2 3 shows the S440 Tuner that is attached to the guitar Its display can be seen on a LED screen while its output will be incorporated on a LCD screen However a larger screen will be used so that other essential information could be squeezed in Figure 2 3 S440 Tuner Microcontrollers are very popular in implementing electronic devices This concept was applied to the design since it is widely used in most parts of the country An article by Ariz Chandler of CPU Technologies March 3 2003 entitled New Microchip PIC16 New Low Power Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology described the great features of the new microchip PIC16 that will boost the performance of such a device It offers the flexibility of re programmable Flash memory coupled with new power management features and are designed to reduce the overall power consumption in embedded 15 systems This feature of the gives solid foundation of components to make the design possible The IC is affordable and easily available here in the Philippines This Information is important as it makes the design possible 16 Chapter 3
51. ination of notes that is plucked or strummed on the guitar and output it as a chord on a display 3 To be able to make the design easy to use d The Significance of the Design The importance of this study is to provide guitarists or guitar players a guide to the chords they are playing giving them the idea that the notes they chose is referenced in a real chord This will benefit guitar players when they are teaching others or even practicing by themselves or with their band due to the ease of knowing the chords they play It will also lessen the amount of time spent in going into details when explaining a simple chord This can improve the creativity of a person by enabling him her to practice each combination of notes that leads into playing a chord It will help band mates as well as friends by giving them the idea what chords are used in the song being played Instead of asking what chords are being played they will just follow the output sent by the guitar They may even use a different chord shape that they like This will be a necessity for guitar players who forget chords They will Just follow the lead of the guitarist and refer to the output the gadget will produce They can try to make up their own chord e The Conceptual Framework In order to construct the design the group talked about certain ideas related to this study After the brainstorming session each member agreed on one thought which resulted in one concept Figure 1 1 il
52. ld English Dictionary 20 String cord stretched across musical instrument a cord made of nylon wire or gut that is stretched across a musical instrument and plucked bowed or otherwise vibrated to produce sound Encarta World English Dictionary 21 Strum play instrument by brushing strings to play a guitar or other stringed instrument by brushing the strings with the fingers or a pick Encarta World English Dictionary 22 Technology application of tools and methods the study development and application of devices machines and techniques for manufacturing and productive processes Encarta World English Dictionary 23 Tune adjust instrument for pitch to adjust a musical instrument so that it plays at the correct pitch Encarta World English Dictionary 24 Wireless using radio signals using radio signals rather than wires Encarta World English Dictionary 10 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES The concept of making this type of system design was brought up when the designers came across certain studies while conducting the research They worked together on the ideas of existing studies and utilize them in their design An article by Peter Gitundu in Music Recreation and Leisure Art and Culture magazine entitled Why You Should Be Using An Electronic Tuner Today stated that when a guitar is tuned up the stress tension is changed on one string at a time This tuning ap
53. lustrates the flow on which the device will work It covers the three major parts such as the Input Process and Output It is a brief overview of the features of the device PROCESS OUTPUT A switch is Oscillation of string The output 15 then pressed to produces sound waves sent to the LCD to initiate a received by the guitar display the notes capture time pick up hit Note s are Sound 15 then converted After the capture plucked or into a signal from the time the chord 15 strummed PLL Phase Lock Loop shown in the LCD and 15 giving an absent or to which it has the received by present signal corresponding the guitar combination of pick up Signal is then processed notes while capture in the microcontroller time 1s to produce a chord running Figure 1 1 Conceptual Framework Concept Model Using the concept model found on Figure 1 1 the design shows that when a note or a combination of notes is strummed or plucked it will be received by the guitar pick up Before plucking or strumming the strings the switch should be set first to have ample time to capture the notes The signal then travels to the device PLL Phase Locked Loop which process the audible signal in an absent or present state like a digital signal either as or 1 The process of deciphering the chord by means of the combination of signals notes will take place in the microcontroller and will output a signal that is sent to the LCD display which is not att
54. n Disp dim movlw d movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw i movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw m movwf INDF incf FSR F return Disp Caug btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp CaugX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp CaugX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp CaugX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp CaugX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp aug Disp CaugX return Disp Dbaug btfsc Temp1 0 goto btfss goto btfss goto Disp DbaugX Note Lo 4 Disp DbaugX Note Hi 2 Disp DbaugX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp DbaugX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp aug Disp DbaugX return Disp Daug btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DaugX 104 btfss Note 10 5 goto Disp DaugX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp DaugX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp DaugX bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR
55. n be connected to an amplifier system In this scenario the cable is plugged into the circuit so that each note in the guitar can be tested if it matches the PLL setting to light up the LED Each note is plucked one at a time to verify if it lights up the LED corresponding to its own PLL If the LED that corresponds to the note lights up it means that the PLL was set correctly but if it doesn t more tweaking is necessary If the frequency is not covered in the chosen octave the octave used is adjusted up to which the notes in the guitar are satisfied Table 4 2 presents the results of tests conducted that verifies if the guitar notes matches the notes pre set Frequencies of each PLL A check shows that a LED up meaning the expected output is correct an X mark indicates the LED didn t light up due to incorrect PLL setting 34 Table 4 2 Guitar with pick up to PLL Calibration In these series of tests each note included in the table corresponds to all octaves in the guitar This means that a certain note in the table can represent 3 octaves of the guitar s notes In short each column of notes is the average of all octaves that a particular note touches Since the guitar s first 12 frets counting from the end of the guitar s neck away from the body is the same as the 13 fret onwards the testing covered is only the first 12 frets considering it as a reference make it clear the 13 fret is the same as the 1 fret The
56. n this part by brainstorming among the members of the group One of the key data gathered was the Musical Note Frequency Table shown in Table 3 1 below Key OCTAVE Notes 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 27 5 55 110 220 440 880 1760 3520 7040 14080 Bb 29 14 5827 116 54 233 08 466 16 932 33 1864 66 3729 31 7458 62 14917 24 30 87 61 74 12347 246 94 493 88 98777 1975 53 3951 07 7902 13 15804 27 32 7 65 41 130 81 26163 52325 10465 2093 01 4186 01 8372 02 16744 04 CH 34 65 69 3 138 59 27718 554 37 1108 73 2217 46 4434 92 8869 84 17739 69 D 36 71 73 42 146 83 293 66 587 33 1174 66 2349 32 4698 64 9397 27 18794 55 DF 38 89 77 78 155 56 311 13 622 25 1244 51 2489 02 4978 03 9956 06 19912 13 E 206 41 2 82 41 164 81 329 63 659 26 1318 51 2637 02 5274 04 10548 08 F 21 83 43 65 87 31 174 61 349 23 698 46 1396 91 2793 83 5587 65 11175 3 23 12 4625 92 5 185 369 99 739 99 1479 98 2959 06 5919 91 11839 82 G 245 49 08 196 392 783 99 1567 98 3135 96 6271 93 12543 85 GF 25 96 51 91 103 83 207 65 415 3 830 61 1661 22 3322 44 6644 88 13289 75 Table 3 1 Musical Note Frequency Table A particular key or note corresponds to a specific value Each value in the table is in Hertz Hz This is essential because it will distinguish one note from another wherein a chord is a combi
57. nation of specific notes Second the group researched on the ideal or suggested components or parts they can use in doing the design The group also considered the availability and cost of the components they will use After canvassing the components to be used the third step is to design the flowchart was designed to have an overview of how the device will work Designing the schematic and circuit diagram was conducted This was based on the information about the availability of the needed components 18 PCB designing was made The components were then integrated to the PCB following their connections from the schematic and circuit diagram Testing was then conducted after making sure each connection was properly placed The testing procedure verified if the expected results would occur If there were still problems troubleshooting of the design or making other adjustments until the projected results would appear After this process was made construction took place Once everything has been completed a final test with the gadget was made just to make sure everything goes out according to plan 19 Hardware Design 1 Block Diagram Filter Receiver Input from Transmitter Amplifier Phase Locked Loop PIC Microcontroller LCD Display Figure 3 1 System Block Diagram Figure 3 1 shows an illustration of the System Block Diagram for the system design 20
58. ncf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note 0 goto DispDbX movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF DispDbx DispE DispEX DispF DispFX DispFb DispFbX DispG DispGX DispGb DispGbX incf FSR F nop btfss Note Hi 1 goto DispEX movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note Hi 2 goto DispFX movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note Hi 3 goto DispFbX movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note_Hi 4 goto DispGX movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop btfss Note_Hi 5 goto DispGbX movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F nop 83 movlw LCD RAM Buf addlw D 30 movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 swapf Tmr1_Sec W andlw addlw H 30 movwf INDF incf FSR F movf Tmri Sec W andlw H OF addlw H 30 movwf INDF Disp_DataX return Do Tmri movf Tmri Sec W btfsc STATUS Z goto Do TmriX incf Tmri Pres F movlw D 25 subwf Tmri Pres W btfss STATUS C goto Do TmriX clrf Tmri Pres Tmri Sec F movf Tmri Sec W andlw H OF sublw H F btfss STATUS Z goto Do TmriX movlw D 6 subwf Tmri Sec F Do TmriX return LCD Subroutine LCD DPort PORTB LCD CPort equ PORTD LCD EN equ 7 LCD RS equ 6 LCD Line Max equ 0 2 LCD Char Max equ LCD L1 Addr equ LCD L2 Addr
59. ntify it note by note but by doing so consumes much time Guitar chords are usually published in magazines songbooks and even the internet Other formation of chords is not included in these resources thus giving the guitarist the freedom to express each chord in his her own way or technique When playing the guitar with friends or band mates the guitarist might be asked about the chord play Since the guitarist cannot explain his her own shape of chords he she must go into details for others to understand the chord There Is a need for a device or gadget that will help solve this problem b Statement of the Problem Since chords are essential to musicians it is important to understand easily how chords are made Guitarists have a tendency to make up chords that sounds like the chord they want to produce but with a different feel into it thus making it hard for them to tell what chord that is With this gadget the combination of notes pressed on the guitar fretboard that is plucked or even strummed will be given a clear definition of a chord c The Objective of the Design The group aims to create a device that will help guitar players remember the chord they are playing as well as help boost their creativity in making chords They also considered the following to be able to implement the specified gadget 1 To be able to interface an RF to the Wireless Chord Creator for it to work at a distance 2 To be able to convert each comb
60. o Disp GX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp GX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp GX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp GX bsf Temp1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp_GX Disp Major return Disp Ab btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AbX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp AbX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp AbX btfss Note 0 goto Disp AbX bsf Temp1 0 movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major Disp AbX return Disp A btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp AX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp AX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp AX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp AX bsf 1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major Disp AX return Disp Bb btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BbX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp BbX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp BbX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp BbX bsf 1 0 88 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw B movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp Major Disp BbX return Disp B Disp BX btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp BX btfss Note 10 2 goto Disp BX btfss Note 0 goto Disp BX btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp BX bsf 1 0 movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp Major return minor Disp Cm btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp CmX btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp CmX btfss Note
61. oop Since the design system relies on frequency as an input the Micropower PLL is the best device for the system design Micropower Phase Locked Loop is a device that compares the frequencies of two signals and produces an error signal which is proportional to the difference between the input frequencies This device will be responsible for receiving and converting the frequency inputted through strumming of the guitar strings It will output either absent or present which will be passed to the microcontroller as 1 or 0 Each note from three different octaves is embedded with one PLL LCD Module The LCD was used for displaying the output of the system design The data to be displayed will come from the microcontroller The LCD will only display the type of chord played by the guitar player If the input signal is invalid the LCD will display a Try Again message The LCD will also display the countdown of 8 sec time limit for capturing the frequency of the notes played by the user of the guitar Radio Frequency using Wireless FM Transmitter and Receiver A Wireless FM Transmitter and Receiver were used in order to transmit the input signals created by the guitar to the system design This device was used to create a wireless connection from the guitar to the system design This was implemented to provide convenience and allowed the guitarist to move at a maximum distance of 10 meters It is also possible for other users to utilize a 21 guit
62. ovwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp dim Disp CdimX return Disp Dbdim btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DbdimX btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp DbdimX btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp DbdimX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp DbdimX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp DbdimX bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw G movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp dim Disp DbdimX return Disp Ddim btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DdimX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp DdimX btfss Note Hi 2 goto Disp DdimX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp DdimX btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp DdimX bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F 103 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw B movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp dim Disp DdimX retur
63. p1 0 movlw A movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp 7 Disp Bb7X return Disp B7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp B7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp B7X btfss Note 0 goto Disp btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp bsf Temp1 0 movlw B movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp 7 Disp B7X return Disp 7 movlw 7 movwf INDF incf FSR F return 7 Note Disp CMZ btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp CM7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp CM7X btfss Note Hi 1 goto Disp CM7X btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp CM7X btfss Note Lo 2 goto Disp CM7X bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp CM7X return Disp DbM7 btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DbM7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp DbM7X btfss Note Hi 2 977 goto Disp_DbM7X btfss Note_Hi 5 goto Disp DbM7X btfss Note Lo 3 goto Disp DbM7X bsf 1 0 movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp M7 Disp DbM7X return Disp DMZ btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DM7X btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp DM7X btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp DM7X btfss Note 0 0 goto Disp DM7X btfss Note Lo 4 goto Disp DM7X bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp
64. plies to all strings whether one is using an electronic guitar or not Nylon strings may just take a little more effort to settle Into tune This is a significant information because it means that a certain string corresponds to a certain tension A tension will lead to how much the string or group of strings oscillate that will produce a unique frequency that can be based on a reference It is necessary to know the key in which the guitar needs to be tuned Normally for a 6 string guitar basic keys of EADGBE are used Hence if you need to tune the guitar in standard form it is not necessary to change tuning keys because it sounds in EADGBE These notes or keys can be adjusted by tightening or loosening each string An electronic tuner makes tuning very much easier This principle can be applied to the design since chords are a combination of notes and in order for one to determine a note a tuner is needed If a string is strummed or plucked 11 guitars knobs can turned until the guitar strings match with the corresponding pitches of the instrument The article helped the designers to conceptualize that tuning instruments have a reference which can be called a standard This means that one note must be in the same frequency caused by the tension of the string of the same note but with a different instrument It also emphasizes that electronic tuners are much easier to use thus giving the designers a push to pursue the creation o
65. ponds to the correct combination the Chord will be displayed if not or there are no strings strung or plucked the display is Try Again 4 Repeat from step 1 in Usage if you want to try other chords 5 If done using shut off the units to preserve the battery lifespan 78 Optional e If there is a need to plug in the guitar to an Amplifier System simply plug a cable on the extra slot for the output of the Transmitter package to the Amplifier Plug the other end of the cable to the Amplifier System e If you want to directly plug into the main unit Black Box from the guitar you can do so Just plug in one end of the cable to the guitar and the other end to the main unit If this is the approach the small bag black and red consisting of the amplifier and transmitter is not used 79 APPENDIX I 80 Variable Declaration PortA_New equ H 20 PortC New equ H 21 PortE New equ 22 PortE Prev equ H 23 Note Lo equ 28 Note Hi equ H 29 mri Sec equ H 30 Tmri Pres egu H 31 Waitl Val egu H 71 Wait2 Val equ H 72 Msg Num equ H 73 1 H 79 2 egu H 7B Temp4 equ H7C W TEMP equ H 7D STAT TEMP H 7E PCLATH TEMP equ H 7F LCD RAM Buf equ H 20 Reset Vector Starts at Address 0x0000 org 0 0000 goto Initialize org 0x0004 goto ISR routine Initialization Routine Initialize clrf TMRO clrf INTCON bcf STATUS RP1 bsf STA
66. rate and reliable the outcome of the design The results will cater to a credible data since checking is done in numerous ways to accomplish the expected results In this case the kind of test is almost the same with testing the frequency and guitar with pick up The difference is that a LCD screen is attached to the output of the microcontroller which is attached to the output of each PLL circuit The microcontroller is programmed using assembly language The said program is about the notes to be strummed or plucked processing it to find a match and output a chord to that specific combination As the strings are struck signals are then sent to the PLL to filter it according to its corresponding signal After it is 36 filtered the signal then goes to the PIC microcontroller having a present absent state denoting as logic 1 or O accordingly In the microcontroller the signal is then processed to which chord it complements The LCD shall then display the chord if it s a match and then informs the user if it s not correct to try again This is how the testing is tallied in this part Each trial shall consume 8 seconds as soon as the capture time is started by pressing the button of the LCD screen 37 ad Tics a LAS 135 135 135 S 13S 9 13S 145 8 13 3 Guitar with pick up to LCD displaying the Expected Chord Trial Strum Pluck Expected Chord number of times Correct Not
67. requency rate of recurrence the number of times that something such as an oscillation a waveform or a cycle is repeated within a specific length of time usually one second Encarta World English Dictionary Fret Fretboard any of the ridges of wood metal or string set across the fingerboard of a guitar lute or similar instrument which help the fingers to stop the strings at the correct points Chicago Manual Style Gadget ingenious device small device that performs or aids a simple task Encarta World English Dictionary Guitar stringed musical instrument a musical instrument with a long neck a flat body shaped like a figure eight and usually six strings that are plucked or strummed Encarta World English Dictionary 9 Guitar Pick up A guitar pickup also called transducer that converts the vibrations of guitar strings or the guitar body to an electrical signal Musician News 10 LCD Liquid Crystal Display an electronic display as of the time in a digital watch that consists of segments of a liquid crystal whose reflectivity varies according to the voltage applied to them Merriam Webster 11 a microprocessor that controls some or all of the functions of an electronic device as a home appliance or system Merriam Webster 12 Music sounds that produce effect sounds usually produced by instruments or voices that are arranged or played in order to create an ef
68. simplicity single push button switch was used to start the processing of a guitar chord The mounting of the display can also be easily understood by the user Moreover the steps in using the device are easy to comprehend A user s manual is also provided to better understand each step Recommendations The designers suggest that not only common chords be deciphered by the device but as well as complicated chords which are seldom used but still are Important It will also be a good idea if the design can be able to display multiple chords at a time so that the previous chords can be stored temporarily for further reference A water proof casing can help to protect the circuitry if ever accident spills of liquid happen For its power supply an expansion slot wherein a transformer can be used as its source can contribute to saving the battery s lifespan The display can also be altered to a different output depending on future designing of circuitry so that positions of notes can also be displayed wherein it is called a tablature It will be more likely practical to improve on the components used like for example to use alternative components to improve performance in terms of accuracy of data needed as well as to minimize the size of parts so that they will be more portable 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY Benson David J 2006 Music A Mathematical Offering 1 Edition Cambridge University Press Floyd Thomas 2006 Electronic Devices
69. ssband The circuit consists of an and Q detector driven by a volt age controlled cscillator which determines the center fre quency of the decoder External components are used to independently set center frequency bandwidth and output delay Features 20 to 1 frequency range with an extemal resistor B Logic compatible output with 100 mA current sinking capability Connection Diagrams Metal Can Package OUTPUT eo FILTER LOOP Z TIMING FILTER TIMING RESISTOR View Order Number LM567H or LM567CH See NS Package Number HOBC Bandwidth adjustable from 0 to 14 High rejection of out of band signals and noise Immunity to false signals Highly stable center frequency Center frequency adjustable from 0 01 Hz to 500 kHz Applications Touch tone decoding Precision oscillator Frequency monitoring and control Wide band FSK demodulation Ultrasonic controls Carrier current remote controls Communications paging decoders Dual In Line and Small Outline Packages OUTPUT OUTPUT LOOP FILTER GND TIMING CAPACITOR INP UT Eme DETECTOR TIMING 1 V RESISTOR TL H 8 975 2 Top View Order Number LM567 CM See NS Package Number Order Number LM567CN See NS Package Number NOBE February 1995 49p099q O Z9SW1 Z9SW1 5 Pri ted U S 68 APPENDIX PIC16F877 Micro
70. suspended Note Disp MajorX return Disp Minor movlw movwf INDF Disp Cs btfsc Temp1 0 incf FSR F goto Disp CsX movlw M btfss Note Lo 3 movwf INDF goto Disp CsX incf FSR F btfss Note Hi 2 movlw i goto Disp CsX movwf INDF btfss Note Hi 4 incf FSR F goto Disp CsX movlw n bsf 1 0 movwf INDF movlw C incf FSR F movwf INDF movlw o incf FSR F movwf INDF call Disp sus incf FSR F Disp CsX return movlw r movwf INDF Disp Dbs btfsc Temp1 0 incf FSR F goto Disp DbsX Disp MinorX return btfss Note 10 4 goto Disp DbsX Disp None btfsc Temp1 0 btfss Note Hi 3 goto Disp NoneX goto Disp DbsX movlw T btfss Note Hi 5 movwf INDF goto Disp DbsX incf FSR F bsf Temp1 0 movlw r movlw C movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp sus movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp DbsX return Disp Ds btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp DsX btfss Note Lo 5 goto Disp DsX btfss Note Hi 4 goto Disp DsX btfss Note Lo 0 goto Disp DsX bsf Temp1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F call Disp sus Disp DsX return Disp Ebs btfsc Temp1 0 goto Disp EbsX btfss Note 0 goto Disp EbsX btfss Note Hi 5 goto Disp EbsX btfss Note Lo 1 goto Disp EbsX bsf 1 0 movlw D movwf INDF incf FSR F moviw movwf INDF incf FSR F Disp sus movlw movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw E movwf INDF incf FSR F movlw b movwf IN
71. vices 41 Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion A gadget that displayed on a screen the chords made by the user was created This feat shall help guitar players improve their chord vocabulary as well as remember the chord they are attempting to make It will also give the user a sense of freedom in doing the desired chord by doing so he can add a certain feel to that chord The device was made possible by brainstorming as well as conducting rigorous research related to the topic at hand Its wireless capability is a feature that was attained by using RF Radio Frequency Technology With it the device can be operational within a certain distance A series of tests was made to know its limits giving a satisfactory result of a maximum of 10 meters It is possible to convert each combination of notes when plucked or strummed from a guitar to a specific chord These notes can be set as a particular signal which signifies a certain frequency These signals can be filtered by using the tone decoding principles PLL Phase Locked Loop technology was also utilized to be able to manifest the signal into its absent or present state to be understood by the microcontroller Having these ideas put into one the group was able to produce an expected output which is a chord from the input which are the notes Again all of these underwent a series of tests to prove its reliability and accuracy 42 Its ease of use is due to its
72. would on a guitar The chord creator lets you define and save even more chords This kind of software lets you define the chord you want to produce This information helped the designers figure out the main features of the device The chords the user defines in the guitar will be displayed on a screen This will give the user the freedom to create new chord positions he she want to use Figure 2 2 shows the software display in use It features defining a chord by means of showing the notes on the top center of the screenshot which gives the designers an idea on how to present the output of the device The 13 group figured out that the output should display the notes of the chord as well as the main part which is a chord CREATE PLAY DELETE BACK USE Figure 2 2 Screenshot of Chord Play Mounting the device is one of the group s discussions wherein different ideas came into play An article by Conner Flynn on Peak January 11 2008 entitled eNote Clip On Digital Chromatic Tuner discussed the use of a clipping device It s as simple as to just attach the little device to the guitar or other instrument and the display will show up green once the note is correct Clipping the mechanism to the instrument made it easy to use The idea of using an LCD screen for the device was inspired by the article by Lou Reade of Innovative Engineering Device October 21 2007 The article is 14 about a product launched at the Frank
73. x addwf Temp1 W movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 movf INDF W movwf LCD DPort 5 incf Templ F goto RAM2LCD2 RAM2LCD2X nop return Ld_Msg2RAM clrf 1 Temp3 movf Msg_Num W movwf Templ Ld_Msg_Adr movf 1 btfsc STATUS Z goto Ld MsgLoop movlw D 32 addwf decf 1 goto Ld Msg Adr Ld MsgLoop movlw D 32 subwf Temp1 W btfsc STATUS Z goto Ld MsgDone movf PCLATH W movwf Temp4 movlw HIGH 590 movwf PCLATH movf 1 addwf Temp3 W MsgO movwf 2 movf Temp4 W movwf PCLATH goto Ld Msg Char Ld Msg Char movlw LCD RAM Buf addwf Temp1 W movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 movf Temp2 W movwf INDF incf 1 goto Ld MsgLoop Id MsgDone return include Chord inc end Disp Chord movf Tmri Sec W 85 6 8 btfss STATUS Z goto Disp_ChordX clrf Tempi movlw LCD RAM Buf addlw D 16 movwf FSR bsf FSR 7 call Disp C7 7th 4 8 call Disp Db7 call Disp D7 call Disp Eb7 call Disp E7 call Disp F7 call Disp Gb7 call Disp G7 call Disp Ab7 call Disp A7 call Disp Bb7 call Disp B7 call Disp CM7 M7th 5 8 Disp DbM7 call Disp DM7 call Disp EbM7 call Disp EM7 call Disp FM7 Disp GbM7 Disp GM7 call Disp AbM7 call Disp AM7 call Disp BbM7 call Disp BM7 movf PCLATH W movwf PCLATH TEMP bcf PCLATH 4 bsf PCLATH 3 call Disp Cm7 m7th 3 8 Disp Dbm7 call Disp Dm7 call Disp Ebm7 call Disp Em7 call

Wireless Chord Creator for Guitars with Pick-ups

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