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4 x SD-SDI / DVB-ASI to HD-SDI Time Division Multiplexer - AV-iQ
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1. Example 1 Input 1 to stream 1 No channel swapping 00011011 Input 2 to stream 2 See note below Input 3 to stream 3 Input 4 to stream 4 Example 2 Input 1 to stream 1 00110110 Input 4 to stream 2 Input 2 to stream 3 Input 3 to stream 4 Example 3 Input 1 to stream 1 00001111 Input 1 to stream 2 Input 4 to stream 3 Input 4 to stream 4 Example 4 Input 4 to stream 1 See note below 11111111 Input 4 to stream 2 Input 4 to stream 3 Input 4 to stream 4 Or controlled by GYDA Note The special setting in example 4 above serves dual purposes Allocate inputs to output streams according to the above description Allow GYDA commands to override DIP setting This means that after the DIP switches are changed from any setting to the 11111111 setting the above allocations gets active BUT at the same time allowing GYDA to send commands with any other input to stream allocation So when this setting is applied to the DIP switches the actual configuration depends on GYDA commands On power on the actual swap setting will be according to the dip switches except that when set as in Example 4 the last GYDA command will still be active The factory default setting will be as in example 4 with last GYDA command stored in non volatile memory as in example 1 This means that the default start up is no channel swapping All other DIP switch settings are however safe in t
2. 4 Ope MORENO A 5 1 2 Rear view and Connectors 6 COMMECTIONN 7 1 4 7 2 lt 8 MATION 9 3 1 Newer boards FW rev 2 0 9 3 2 Older boards FW rev 1 x and 0 11 A eh cece 14 S PROM Panel LEDS accurate Ay tee dake 15 Gal anim Sixty este rela lek ios ee ai ee ied le tn ae cd se 16 6 1 GPI Data connections RJ45 cs2 c2c ctcicceisatseteiencindalccchedeiencindelancedelendisdalandinteieads 16 TIGYDA SG Interface date cabs 17 8 Laser Safety precautions 18 General environmental requirements for Network Electronics equipment se gate acct tee Stee eit ee hi ee a abate rs Seu 19 PROGUCE Waranty 20 Appendix A Materials declaration and recycling 21 1 Materials declaration 21 2 Recycling al al aR asin 21 Declaration of Conformity Senses ete 22 netw
3. otherwise from last setting Default on power on is all active Cable Equalizers Can be turned on off from GYDA SC Factory default is enable Cable equaliser bypass enable according to DIP switches See above table Channel swap Can be controlled by GYDA SC all options available 3 2 Older boards FW rev 1 x and 0 x The DIP switches control the channel to stream allocation according to the below table See also Figure 5 for details on setting the switches Upper left corner of board Switch 1 Con 1 Switch 2 Con 1 Switch 3 Con 1 Switch 4 0 Switch 5 0 Switch 6 Con 1 Switch 8 0 Channel swap distribution according to DIP switches See above table Stream 1 here from SD input 1 Stream 2 here from SD input 2 Stream 3 here from SD input 3 Switch 7 off 0 Stream 4 here from SD input 4 Figure 6 DIP Switch Settings here no swap see example 1 in the below table network electronics com 11 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 DIP setting Description Comments aa tells which of the four inputs that are See Figure 6 to allocated to output stream 1 understand how the bit X is a don t 00 Input 1 SD1 patterns are set care bit 01 Input 2 SD2 10 Input 3 503 11 Input 4 SD4 bb cc and dd are similar as aa but for XXXXCCXX streams 2 3 and 4 respectively
4. MUX 4 C1330 SDI TD MUX 4 C1350 SDI TD MUX 4 C1370 SDI TD MUX 4 C1390 SDI TD MUX 4 C1410 SDI TD MUX 4 C1470 SDI TD MUX 4 C1490 SDI TD MUX 4 C1510 SDI TD MUX 4 C1530 SDI TD MUX 4 C 1550 SDI TD MUX 4 C1570 SDI TD MUX 4 C1590 SDI TD MUX 4 C1610 swap Capability 1310nm 7 5dBm laser electrical interface 1550nm OdBm laser electrical interface 1270nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1290nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1310 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1330nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1350nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1370nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1390nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1410nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1470nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1490nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1510 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1530nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1550nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1570nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1590nm 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface 1610 0dBm CWDM laser electrical interface network electronics com 7 SDI TD MUX 4 2 Specifications Electrical input Number of inputs Data rates Equalisation Impedance Return loss Connector Electrical output standard Output signal Data rate Impedance Return loss Jitter UI Unit Interval Peak to peak signal level Signal polarity Connector Optical output optio
5. also table below network electronics com 9 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 DIP setting Description Comments RRR 1 RRR RDO 2 are allowing remote control of distribution 000 is on the receiver side Preferably use the DIP switches on the factory Dashes DEMUxX side only or use GYDA SC if so is possible in your default indicate that application these switches 000 1 gt 1 2 gt 2 3 gt 3 4 gt 4 See note are not related 001 1 gt 1 1 gt 2 3 gt 3 4 gt 4 below to this 010 1 gt 1 1 gt 2 3 gt 3 3 gt 4 function 011 1 gt 1 1 gt 2 1 gt 3 4 gt 4 1xx 1 gt 1 1 gt 2 1 gt 3 1 gt 4 Input to stream allocation EEE 1 EEE or EQO 2 are controlling the cable equalisers Leave 000 is in position O00 unless you have reasons to turn off cable factory equalisers default 000 1 ena 2 ena 3 ena 4 ena 001 1 byp 2 ena 3 ena 4 ena See note 010 1 byp 2 byp 3 ena 4 ena below 011 1 byp 2 byp 3 byp 4 ena 1xx 1 byp 2 byp 3 byp 4 byp byp Bypass ena Enabled 5 S is not in use 0 is factory 0 spare not in use default 1 spare not in use preferably leave the switch in the 0 position is controlling whether the board is controlled by DIP 0 is factory switches or from GYDA SC default 0 GYDA SC control 1 DIP switch control Notes regarding distribution and cable equalisers Changing the RRR
6. once the input signals and power are applied Signals will be routed straight through without swapping and SD SDI DVB ASI will be detected and handled automatically There are also configuration parameters available via DIP switches in the front of the board and via the Flashlink protocol commands from GYDA SC There are two variants of the boards Early versions boards with firmware revision FW 1 0 and earlier have full flexibility channel swapping and no other configuration options Later versions boards with firmware revision FW 2 0 and later have more functions but less flexibility on channel swapping 3 1 Newer boards FW rev 2 0 and later The DIP switches control the channel to stream allocation according to the below table It also controls enable bypass for the cable equalisers See also Figure 5 for details on setting the switches Note that when GYDA SC mode is selected there are no limitations on how the routing and cable equalisers are controlled as opposed to when operating from DIP switches Upper left corner of board Switch 1 C off 0 Remote Distribution Switch 2 off 0 Shown 1 gt 1 2 gt 2 3 gt 3 4 gt 4 Switch 3 C off 0 Switch 4 C off 0 Cable Equalisers Switch 5 Con 1 Shown 1 and 2 bypass 3 and 4 enabled Switch 6 off 0 Switch 7 Con 1 Spare not in use Switch 8 Cor 1 Override Shown DIP switch control only Figure 5 DIP Switch Settings see
7. setting to something else than 000 duplicates input signals on the HD mux stream and thereby limits the signal options at the receiver DEMUX side You may have to swap cables at the rear to get exactly the configuration you are looking for Changing the EEE setting to something else than 000 will bypass one or more of the cable equalisers This will normally give reduced performance Only use this feature if you understand why you would want to do it On power on the actual settings will be according to the dip switches except when the GYDA SC control mode is selected In that case the last GYDA SC setting will be restored from on board non volatile memory network electronics com 10 SDI TD MUX 4 Other board settings available from GYDA SC Rev 8 Control item GYDA SC mode Non GYDA SC mode DIP 0 DIP 1 Laser Laser can be turned on or off from Laser always enabled GYDA SC Factory default is on EDH counters Under GYDA SC control can be read and reset from GYDA SC Counting still active on the MUX board on errors but without any functional significance EDH flags Can be read from GYDA SC Flags still operating on board but without any functional significance EDH masks Can be changed from GYDA SC EDH masks remains unchanged Not stored in non volatile memory so power on default is all active until GYDA SC configures
8. Network Electronics or its agents for recycling the following general information may be of assistance Before attempting disassembly ensure the product is completely disconnected from power and signal connections All major parts are marked or labelled to show their material content Depending on the date of manufacture this product may contain lead in solder Some circuit boards may contain battery backed memory devices network electronics com 21 EC Declaration of Conformity network MANUFACTURER Network Electronics ASA P B 1020 N 3204 SANDEFJORD Norway AUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE Established within the EEA Not applicable MODEL NUMBER S SDI TD MUX 4 DESCRIPTION Time Division Multiplexer DIRECTIVES this equipment complies with LVD 73 23 EEC EMC 2004 108 EEC HARMONISED STANDARDS applied in order to EN 55103 1 1996 verify compliance with Directive s EN 55103 2 1996 EN 60950 1 2006 TEST REPORTS ISSUED BY Notified Competent Body Report no Nemko E07381 00 TECHNICAL CONSTRUCTION FILE NO Not applicable YEAR WHICH THE CE MARK WAS AFFIXED 2008 TEST AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY MANUFACTURER AUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE Established within EEA Date of Issue 2008 04 08 poh Place of Issue ae ACS Not applicable Sandefjord Norway eo Thomas Ohrbom Position Quality Manager authorised signature Network Electronics ASA www network electronics com P O Box 1020 3204 Sandefjord Nor
9. X SDI TD MUX 4 4 x SD SDI DVB ASI to HD SDI Time Division Multiplexer Rev 8 l D D Q ot ten ya n SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 Network Electronics ASA P O Box 1020 N 3204 Sandefjord Norway Phone 47 33 48 99 99 Fax 47 33 48 99 98 Email support network electronics com www network electronics com Support Phone 47 90 60 99 99 Revision history Current revision of this document is the uppermost in the table below Revision Replaces Date Change description 8 7 2008 11 10 Clarified max 35 Mbps active transport rate for DVB ASI 7 6 2008 11 04 Corrected GPI allocation GPIO and GPI1 was swapped and 12 and GPI3 was also swapped 6 5 2008 04 08 Added text in chapter 1 3 unused input termination Added Declaration of Conformity 5 4 2007 10 29 New front page 4 3 2007 10 08 Added Materials Declaration and EFUP 3 2 2006 12 22 Moved Specifications chapter to chapter 2 2 1 2006 11 21 New DIP switch functionality GYDA renamed to GYDA SC Can run on a single 5V supply too 1 0 2006 09 28 Updated data for typical cable length 0 2006 09 21 Initial revision network electronics com 2 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 Contents Revision td ele cd lt 2 1 Product 4 et
10. and 4 applicable SD IN 4 in error 3 or 4 operating in error normally 4 HD OUT Output failure Laser failure Output OK and Not laser working applicable network electronics com 15 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 6 GPI alarms Four alarms are present on the RJ45 connector These four signals indicate the same status as the LEDs see above GPIO gt Power on FPGA not configured Off gt Power on FPGA configured GPI1 On gt of the channels 1 or 2 in error Off gt Both channels 1 and 2 are OK GPI2 gt One of the channels 3 or 4 in error Off gt Both channels 3 and 4 are OK GPI3 gt Laser Failure Off gt Laser OK An active alarm condition means that the transistor is conducting The power present alarm should always be active during normal operation 6 1 GPI Data connections RJ45 The below table show the signals available on the GPI connector on the backplane Brown Pair 4 Green Blue Pair 3 Pair 1 Orange _ Pair 2 Figure 8 RJ45 Connector for GPI Signals RJ45 Pin Number Description GND Not Used Not Used Not Used 2 GPI3 GPIO 00 network electronics com 16 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 7 GYDA SC Interface Figure 9 shows how GYDA SC will present a rack equipped with an SDI TD MUX 4 mod
11. ectronics com 20 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 Appendix A Materials declaration and recycling information A 1 Materials declaration For product sold into China after 1st March 2007 we comply with the Administrative Measure on the Control of Pollution by Electronic Information Products In the first stage of this legislation content of six hazardous materials has to be declared The table below shows the required information Toxic or hazardous substances and elements ERER a R AE SRK Part Name Lead Mercury Cadmium Hexavalent Polybrominated Polybrominated Pb Hg Cd Chromium biphenyls diphenyl ethers Cr VI PBB PBDE SDI TD MUX 4 Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit requirement in 5 11363 2006 X Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used for this part is above the limit requirement in SU T 11363 2006 This is indicated by the product marking A 2 Recycling information Network Electronics provides assistance to customers and recyclers through our web site http www network electronics com Please contact Network Electronics Customer Support for assistance with recycling if this site does not show the information you require Where it is not possible to return the product to
12. he sense that GYDA cannot override these settings network electronics com 12 SDI TD MUX 4 Other board settings available from GYDA Rev 8 Control item GYDA mode Non GYDA mode DIP sw 11111111 any other DIP setting Laser Laser can be turned on or off from Laser is always on Both the GYDA Factory default is on electrical and optical outputs are active with the same signal at all times EDH counters Under GYDA control can be read and reset from GYDA Counting still active on the MUX board on errors but without any functional significance EDH flags Can be read from GYDA Flags still operating on board but without any functional significance EDH masks Can be changed from GYDA Not EDH masks remains unchanged stored in non volatile memory so power on default is all active until GYDA configures otherwise from last setting Default on power on is all active Cable Equalizers Can be turned on off from GYDA Factory default is enable Always enabled Channel swap Can be controlled by GYDA as shown in above table Channel swap according to DIP switches See above table network electronics com 13 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 4 Operation The SDI TD MUX 4 board transfers any or all of the four 270 Mbps input signals via an optical or electrical HD interface according to SMPTE 346M 2000 An SDI TD DMUX 4 board is requi
13. n Output signal Transmission circuit fibre Light source Optical power Optical centre wavelength Max wavelength drift Jitter UI Unit Interval Connector return loss Connector Electrical Temperature range Power consumption Control Latency Electrical and optical delay Standards Rev 8 4 independent SD SDI DVB ASI SDTI 270 Mbps 35 Mbps active payload for DVB ASI Automatic up to 300m 75 ohm gt 15dB 270MHz BNC HD SDI with TDM payload according to SMPTE 346M 2000 1485 Mbps 75 ohm gt 15dB 1485MHz Max 0 2UI 0 8V 0 1V Non inverting BNC HD SDI TDM payload according to SMPTE 346M 2000 Single Mode F P DFB laser 7 5dBM 1310nm F P laser 0 dBm DFB laser 1310nm 1550nm CWDM according to ITU T G 694 2 20nm lasers 6nm DFB lasers 0 201 1485Mbps better than 40dB w SM fibre SC UPC 0 to 45 C 5V 3 5 W 15V 1 0W 4 5W when running on a single 5V supply RS 422 GYDA SC enabled SNMP Less than 100 us combined through MUX and DEMUX In addition comes 5 us km of fibre signal propagation time Supported standards for electrical and optical ports SMPTE DVB ASI SMPTE 346M 2000 SMPTE 292M SMPTE 259M SMPTE 305 2M SMPTE 297M SMPTE RP165 EN50083 9 network electronics com 8 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 3 Configuration The SDI TD MUX 4 is self configuring in the sense that it will start working according to default factory settings
14. om 5 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 1 2 Rear view and Connectors The rear view of the board is towards the right side of the board as shown in Figure 3 The board must be mounted in a Flashlink FR 2RU 10 2 frame with a dedicated backplane board for the SDI TD MUX 4 board Figure 4 shows the backplane rear view Avoid inserting the SDI TD MUX 4 board into a wrong backplane board as this may cause electrical or mechanical damage to the board The SD1 to SD4 inputs are for 270 Mbps SD SDI or DVB ASI signals The HD output carries the electrical HD signal with the four input signals time division multiplexed according to the SMPTE 346M 2000 standard The optical and electrical outputs both carry the same HD signal The GPI outputs are alarm signals for driving external alarm devices SD2 Input j HD Optical Output SD3 Input KS SD1 input SD4 Input GPI Outputs HD Electrical Output Figure 4 Rear view showing the backplane Note that the same backplane can be used for both the SDI TD MUX 4 board and the SDI TD DMUX 4 board The following connectors are available Name Description Connector Type 501 Input for 270 Mbps 50 501 or DVB ASI BNC 502 Input 270 Mbps SD SDI DVB ASI BNC SD3 Input for 270 Mbps SD SDI or DVB ASI BNC 504 Input for 270 Mops SD SDI or DVB ASI BNC HD Output for 1 485 Gbps HD SDI BNC Multiplex according to SMPTE 346M 2000 OPT Optical output fo
15. ork electronics com 3 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 1 Product overview The SDI TD MUX 4 is a Flashlink time division multiplexer TDM for four SD SDI or DVB ASI inputs for signal transport in a single HD SDI optical or electrical output according to the SMPTE 346M 2000 standard Use the SDI TD DMUX 4 board for de multiplexing the HD SDI signal 1 1 Main features Accepts any synchronous or asynchronous SD SDI 270 Mbps input format as well as 270 Mbps DVB ASI max active data rate 35 Mbps for DVB ASI Automatic input format detection for each channel Mix of input formats allowed and correct format regained at demultiplexer separate module SDI TD DMUX 4 Built in routing switcher for allocating input signals to output streams Four separate and independent streams in the output HD SDI output signal are used allowing uninterrupted signal transport of remaining signals on loss of input feed Separate stream clock reference data for each channel is transferred for remote clock regeneration Optical and electrical 1 485 Gbps HD output TDM signal Both available at all times High performance optics for short and long haul applications including CWDM laser option The output signal is compliant with the SMPTE 346M 2000 standard allowing use of a standard HD infrastructure for transport and switching of the multiplexed signal EDH handling for the SD SDI signals GYDA SC interface allows remote control status monitoring error rep
16. orting and SNMP support Equaliser SDI AS 270Mbps gt Reclocker gt Equaliser SDI AS 270Mbps Reclocker gt 4x4 1 485 Gbps Equaliser switch HD SDI SDI AS ack outputs 270Mbps Reclocker Equaliser SDI AS 270Mbps gt o Reclocker TDM MUX SMPTE 346 2000 Optical Output Electrical Output Remote Control Micro controller EDH Handling SDI TD MUX 4 Figure 1 Block Diagram for SDI TD MUX 4 network electronics com 4 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 Front view There will be a frame front covering the board and the on board DIP switches are then inaccessible cover can however be opened The LED s are visible through the front panel by use of integral optical guides in the front panel as shown in Figure 2 Card Status LED SD In Status ch 1 2 SD In Status ch 3 4 Laser Status LED QO Figure 2 Front Panel View with LED Indicators only leftmost rack position shown Figure 3 shows a sketch of the SDI TD MUX 4 board The front view will be towards the left side of the board The DIP switches and the LED s are the only parts of interest for the user DIP switches Jumper needed Optical OFF ON for proper backplane operation connector Electrical backplane indicators connector with signals and power lines Figure 3 MUX Board Layout network electronics c
17. power Power meters IR cards etc Flashlink features All the laser module cards in the Flashlink product range are Class 1 laser products according to IEC 825 1 1993 and class according to 21 CFR 1040 10 when used in normal operation More details can be found in the user manual for the FR 2RU 10 2 frame Maximum output power 5 mW Operating wavelengths gt 1270 nm INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM REF FDA CFR Ch 1 4 1 97 Ed 1040 10 1 Max power is for safety analysis only and does not represent device performance network electronics com 18 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 General environmental requirements for Network Electronics equipment 1 The equipment will meet the guaranteed performance specification under the following environmental conditions Operating room temperature range 0 C to 45 C Operating relative humidity range up to 90 non condensing 2 The equipment will operate without damage under the following environmental conditions Temperature range 10 C to 55 C Relative humidity range up to 95 non condensing network electronics com 19 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 Product Warranty The warranty terms and conditions for the product s covered by this manual follow the General Sales Conditions by Network Electronics ASA These conditions are available on the company web site of Network Electronics ASA www network electronics com network el
18. r 1 485 Gbps HD SDI SC UPC General Purpose Interface transistor drivers for RJ 45 external alarm devices Note There are also a number of connectors on the board itself but none of these are usable to the end user For proper operation make sure there is a jumper in the lower position of the connector located behind the DIP switches see Figure 3 Unused inputs should be terminated to avoid alarms triggered by noise network electronics com 6 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 1 3 Power connection Power is applied to the board via the backplane board which again is plugged into the power distribution board in the Flashlink rack The SDI TD MUX 4 board consumes slightly more than the full maximum of 3 watts from the 5V supply and slightly more than the full maximum of 1 5 watts from the 15V supply available at the backplane This limits the number of boards in a rack to 8 boards plus GYDA SC when using a standard single power supply Note that the SDI TD MUX 4 can also run on a single 5V supply but then the full power of about 4 5 watts will be drawn from the 5V supply The board automatically adapts to sharing the load between 5V and 15V when 15V is available 1 4 Product Variants SDI TD MUX 4 4 ch SDI time division multiplexer DVB ASI compatible complies with SMPTE 346M 2000 electrical TDM output ch SDI TD MUX 4 13T SDI TD MUX 4 15T SDI TD MUX 4 C1270 SDI TD MUX 4 C1290 SDI TD MUX 4 C1310 SDI TD
19. red to reconstruct the four 270 Mbps signals normally at a remote location and linked via an optical fibre or an electrical coax cable Channel swapping is available either from DIP switches or remotely via the standard GYDA SC interface All inputs can be either 270 Mbps SD SDI or DVB ASI 188 or 204 word packets network electronics com 14 SDI TD MUX 4 5 Front Panel LEDs Figure 7 shows how the LEDs are located on the front panel TTT Card Status LED SD In Status ch 1 2 SD In Status ch 3 4 Laser Status LED Figure 7 Front Panel View with LED Indicators The table below shows how the front panel LEDs are to be interpreted Rev 8 Note that the term in error in the table means that there is either a missing signal no carrier detect AND OR the reclocker has not been able to lock to the incoming signal The term operating normally means that a signal has been detected carrier detect on the cable equaliser AND the reclocker has been able to lock to the signal Diode Description Red LED Orange LED Green LED No light 1 Card Status Power on Not applicable Power on No power FPGA not FPGA board configured configured 2 SD IN 1 Both channels One of the Both channels Not and 1 and 2 channels 1 and 2 applicable SD IN 2 in error 1 or 2 operating in error normally 3 SD Both channels One of the Both channels Not and 3 and 4 channels 3
20. ule in rack position 2 an SDI TD DMUX 4 module in rack position 6 a GYDA SC module in rack position 9 and a power supply unit in rack positions 10 and 11 For details on the GYDA SC graphical user interface or the communication protocol refer to the GYDA SC documents or contact our support department at support network electronics com For information on which parameters are controllable from GYDA SC refer to section 3 of this manual Figure 9 GYDA SC presentation of rack with an SDI TD MUX 4 module in position 2 network electronics com 17 SDI TD MUX 4 Rev 8 8 Laser safety precautions These are guidelines to limit hazards from laser exposure All the available EO including ETH100 units in the Flashlink range include a laser Therefore this note on laser safety should be read thoroughly The lasers emit light at wavelengths from 1270nm up to 1610nm This means that the human eye cannot see the beam and the blink reflex cannot protect the eye The human eye can see light between 400 nm to 700 nm A laser beam can be harmful to the human eye depending on laser power and exposure time Therefore Be careful when connecting disconnecting fibre pigtails ends Never look directly into the pigtail of the laser fibre Never use microscopes magnifying glasses or eye loupes to look into a fibre end Use laser safety goggles blocking light at 1310 nm and at 1550 nm Instruments exist to verify light output
21. way network network electronics com Tel 47 33 48 99 99 Fax 47 33 48 99 98 Enterprise NO 976 584 201
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