user manual he pukapuka ako
Contents
1. Save info Cancel The info about the birders on your manu helps the population model to be more thorough I Delete this birder Save when you have finished creating or editing the birder profile Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Birder diary Rataka gt day view te pona ote titi home Manu amp Wh nau Birder diary Population model Storehouse KI gt Thursday Rap notes Type notes here _ g Access to the titi season You might like to use this area to record the weather observations on your manu and events that take place on the titi islands Click to add any notes fon th day are 15 March 2015 switch to month view gt SUNRISE AND SUNSET YN t 7 40 AM NANAO BIRDS DURATION TN VY 5 28 PM 0 l 0 00 MOON RAMA BIRDS ATION 0 0 00 CD last quarter Moon rise 2 36 PM ALL BIRDS Moonset 11 39 PM 0 TIDES m 2 36AM 1 1m GRAND TOTAL FOR SEASON ia 2 42PM 12m ALL BIRDS 0 H 8 39AM 23m 8 59PM 23m 4 Port Halfmoon Bay Oban LoT 10 Sun moon and tidal data is provided by Land Information New Zealand LINZ Tide times have been corrected for the port shown here You can change your port in the Manu and Wh nau section All times have been automatically adjusted for daylight savings LINZ and the creators of this application accept no responsibility for any d2. Tide times have been automatically adjusted for daylight savings LINZ and the creators of this application accept no responsibility for any damages that result from any errors in this information Burrow density is how many titi burrows entrances there are per square metre of ground Burrow density typically ranges from 0 19 to 0 57 on the Titi Islands The average is 0 41 For more information on how to calculate this value see page 18 Eh _ Add a new person This is where you create a new birder See the next page Occupancy is entered as the proportion 0 none 1 0 all of burrows which have chicks in them For more information on how to calculate this value see page 18 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Manu and whanau gt Birder profile Create birder profiles Enter the name birthday role and experience of each person who is birding on your manu this season oha ote titi home Manu amp Wh nau f Birder diary Population model f Storehouse your manu Taukihepa Big South Cape 500000 1ha 10 0007 0 57 WHAT IS 06 WHAT IS bas Weka eradicated Halfmoon Bay Oban Or your manu ZN Birder profile NAME Charlie BIRTHDAY DAY MONTH YEAR 6 4 1986 NANAO JOB Harvester Y NANAO DAYS HARVESTING D NANAO EXPERIENCE High v RAMA JOB Helper v
3. user manual Ne PUNSPUKS ahd Getting started with the application Mo t tou a Mo Ka uri a muri ake nei For us and our children after us Te Poha o te Titi application user manual contents About Te Poha o te Titi Who is involved What is it for Approval and privacy Technical requirements Where we get our information from About the model Getting started Back up The Home page Setting up the Manu and Whanau info Using the Birder Diary Running the Population Model Using the Storehouse section What to do with your records after the season Appendices Monitoring Your Manu articles from Tit Times 14 and 16 Explanation of the population modelling On Ono A 10 12 14 16 19 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual About Te Poha o te Titi Who is involved Team Kaimahi Corey Bragg Project coordinator and community liaison Ka Rakahau o Te Ao T roa Centre for Sustainability Agriculture Food Energy Environment University of Otago Chris Jones Mathematical modelling Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Julian Moller Development Massive Media Alex Gilks Design Chopchop Design Jamie Newman Scientific advice and research design Weka Works Ltd Henrik Moller Scientific advice and research design Ka Rakahau o Te Ao T roa Centre for Sustainability Agriculture Food Energy Environment University of Otago Research directors The advisory group cons
4. of their birding and their manu
5. across the 50 years that the model is predicting The animation shows the numbers of buckets and poha titi in the whare increasing or decreasing based on the numbers being used The play button lets you play the animation again Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Population model Te rahi o te k hui t t gt Graoh mode This population meter automatically pops up to help give you fast and clear feedback about the results of the population model The animation and graph results can be pretty subtle You can close this piece by clicking the green arrow total titi population Manu amp Wh nau Birder diary Population model Graph Table How s YOUR titi population dong caution Pree serious increasing decline population AEE Visual NUMBER OF BIRDS THOUSANDS 435000 348000 261000 174000 87000 KEY total titi population 674 868 10 84 number of chicks 112 847 13 88 harvest 124 0 10 20 30 YEARS Hover over a part of the lines to see the specific numbers from the population model shown along the top The orange line shows total predicted titi population This line can be turned on and off using the button along the top The green line shows the predicted number of chicks The blue line shows the harvest 13 Te Poh
6. helping process chicks in the workhouse 6 Note whether the hunt was a nanao evening torch or morning torch Keep a separate record tally time in out names of gatherers weather etc for an evening and morning torch if you do both on the same night At the end of the season record the number of buckets with 18 19 20 chicks etc You can work out the average size of the chicks for the season trom these totals Keep a note of any unusual events or major habitat changes changes in where you bird arrival of other birders on your ground etc to help piece the overall patterns together 17 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Appendices Monitoring your manu continued 18 e Keeping a record of the number of buckets of 118 118 180 etc chicks can be used to measure the average size of the chicks for the year The next Titi Times number 15 will feature details on burrow counting some of the potential problems and fish hooks in the use of harvest rates for monitoring bird abundance Provided we work within the limits of the method we reckon it can still give a reliable index of bird trends The most important thing is that filling in the form will take two minutes every day of the season not much hassle for a busy and tired birder and a hell of a lot cheaper than hiring a research team to roll around for hours in the peat poking a cumbersome burrowscope down the holes see Titi Times 2 for a des
7. own Taiaio Unit or when they will come A recount is scheduled for around 7 years time as part of the rat eradication monitoring In the meantime you might like to count the holes every second year If so let us know and we ll send you the details and map to help Measuring changes in burrow occupancy the ultimate commitment It could be that the number of holes doesn t change much but the proportion of them with chicks does decline or increase We use the burrowscope to check Harvest rates are a pretty rough and ready index of bird trends because Matauranga is used by the birders to alter where they go on their manu according to the wind rain or moon that night Many experienced birders also have a quick look before deciding to either take a well earned rest for the night or set out for a big hunt So the birders don t sample birds at random places or times in the way a scientist would to estimate the number of chicks out there This makes the harvest rate measures a rather blunt tool for tracking changes in bird numbers But the superb long run of tallies and ease of measuring the harvest rate make your records incredibly valuable as long as they are carefully interpreted within the limits of what they can show Two papers by the research this out but those of you nanaoing could do you own index simply by keeping a count of the number of holes you prospect to get your tally of chicks If you recorded the number
8. a o te Titi application user manual Getting started Storehouse Whata kai Batches These are the occasions during the season when you have completed cutting up and packing your birds into buckets or poha Manu amp Wh nau f Birder diary Population model Use this page to keep a running record of S the birds you are packaging Swe You can look back at ie SHOWING SEASON past seasons using this 2014 v Add anew batch drop down menu DATE NO OF BIRDS GRADE PACKAGED IN NOTES 1 May 2014 Cay buckets Add a new batch each NL time you package some You can remove a birds batch here Enter the grade of birds here using whatever TALLY FOR SEASON SO FAR i This shows the total number grading system you use ALL BIRDS 0 of birds Jou have caught and eg A or B birds entered into the diary section this season nanao and rama combined 14 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Back up What to do with your records after the season This is the first version and we hope to make improvements Sometime after the season you may be sent a link to an updated version of the package Hopefully we have your email address If not could you please send it Corey Bragg corey bragg otago ac nz 03 479 8059 Export your data After the season make sure your birding data is secure Use the export data button on the home gt screen This will create a file on your des
9. amages that result from any errors in this information to month view to see the total catch for the month and key dates in the month See more on next page Record your catch Enter your catch for this date and the amount of time you were hunting for These values are automatically combined to generate the monthly and seasonal totals The duration is the time spent by all catchers this is vital for knowing how much effort it takes to catch each bird catch per unit effort See page 16 of the Appendices section for the Rules to make the numbers work for you Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Birder diary Rataka gt month view home WETIUROM AVALON M e Ce EnA MeL EL aa G LEOTE K i Tahu months of ee the year gt Today shows as a light gt March 2015 Kahuru kai paeka brown coloured square in MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN the month view 2 3 4 5 Click on any day s square to enter info for that day Tally for month Key dates y 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 These monthly totals are The month view shows you PS GRAND TOTAL FOR SEASON i automatically calculated from the key dates for the birding Gaa your daily harvest tallies season 7 z ae m 7 T TERRE You enter a daily harvest tally Both the month and day by clicking on a day of the views will also display the month birthdays of the birders You can override the whose profiles you h
10. ave 27 28 29 30 31 calculation of these monthly ereated totals with a value of yoru Nanao begins own if you don t want to enter daily tallies Moon phases also show in the month view as these little icons 11 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Population model Te rahi o te k hui tit gt Visual mode Under the Your manu tab the a Manu area square metres population model will use the actual titi catch numbers that you have already been recording 12 Under the Custom entry tab you can type in some numbers to see a different future scenario for the titi population on your manu There is an optional Target harvest field so you can plug in a number here if you have a target for the titi catch this season Click here to see the graph oha tele titi home 500 000 tha Occupancy rate Nanao harvest EXPERIENCE BIRDERS DAYS High 0 0 Medium 1 4 Low O 0 Rama harvest Nights 0 Catchers 1 Helpers 0 x Are weka on your manu Target harvest Run model gt The Run model button will use your numbers to play the animation showing the future changes in population on your manu The timeline shows the progress
11. cation user manual About Te Poha o te Titi oe gt oe z m al ere a 5 ARRI DA A i S E E Photo courtesy of Jamie Newman Where we got our information from The titi population model in this application is based on the scientific findings of the Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu research programme This project which ran for more than 14 years was a collaboration between the Rakiura M ori muttonbirding community and researchers at the University of Otago The project would not have been possible without the work resources and dedication of many birders staff and students from the university the generous funding organisations countless volunteers as well as numerous other contractors and community groups About the population model The mathematical model in this application creates a virtual titi population of just the birds on your manu in the computer The model starts with a population of chicks young birds juveniles and adults in the current year we organise the birds by their age much like classes in a school Next we make this population step forward in time for 50 years allowing all the birds to get older year by year but also letting some die and others join in via breeding All of these steps are based on the best information we have about titi breeding and biology This model can be run again and again allowing for the uncertainty we have around important steps s
12. cription of the burrowscope our most hated instrument of field worker torture Overall manu monitoring Aside from the changes in bird numbers you may like to monitor habitat condition and vegetation unusual events etc Taking regular photos from the same photo points could really help here Keeping a record of the ground worked could be important if new birders are arriving or manu boundaries shift Analysis making sense of the numbers later Collecting the numbers is just the first step A statistical analysis to test for trends is a reasonably specialised job Your community s request to build up your own Rakiura Maori science unit could become crucial here The hui in July 2002 asked the research team to identify funding sources to get such a team together We have made a start by applying for Command oil spill reparation money from America and including Rakiura Maori science capacity building into the request to FRST for funding the last five years of the project Hanging in there for your mokopuna ten years of counting will be needed before trends could emerge Trends can only be detected after ten or more years of counting The more years you can persist the better the information Remember your bird is long lived and reproduces slowly The slow population turn over makes monitoring a life time commitment it is part of the long term vision needed to keep the titi forever Henrik Moller Article fro
13. et up their own workhouse and separate tallies e Writing down exactly when you went out to harvest and when you got back to the workhouse and how many people were helping allows us to tease out these alternative explanations to get at the underlying trends in the birds themselves e Recording the weather helps to factor out the effect of year to year variations and get to the underlying trends more quickly For example if the nanao had a whole string of wet days catch may be down that year A statistical analysis of the tallies and weather records can predict what each year would have yielded had the weather been perfect all season long The same goes for wind and moonlight during the rama The size of the chicks also seems to affect the harvest rate for a given season Rules to make the numbers work for you Keep a separate record for each day of birding Record number of chicks captured in each hunt a hunt is a session of gathering away from your whare Record the time you left and returned to the workhouse to the nearest 5 minutes Only include the time gathering do not include the time processing plucking cutting up etc Record rain wind strength and moonlight for the time you went hunting Write down exactly who went out to catch the birds that day if some in your party keep a different routine keep a second record sheet for that person Just include people catching not those
14. ike the start stake of the transect or SW corner of the plot is also useful The historical photos can really help interpretation later Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Appendices Monitoring your manu continued Having established your plots or transects it is important that you do not treat them any differently to any other part of your manu when harvesting The change in hole counts on your plots should be typical of what is happening everywhere so it is best to just ignore whether there is a plot or line nearby as you go about your normal harvesting The number of plots or lines used depends on how much time you want to put into this monitoring The research team tries to establish at least 12 transects on each manu and we take care to spread them randomly around the manu so that they measure roughly what is going on everywhere See Titi Times 8 for all these conventions If you just count holes in one or two places they could be some of the few spots on the manu that are different from the rest so you would be misled The more plots you put in and the wider they are spread the more reliable your results will be for your mokopuna Also try to make sure that some of them are in closed in ground and others are in the open manu Some of you hosted our research team on your manu so you already have stakes placed to mark transects We are not sure who will be back to count the holes there in future hopefully your
15. ion allows you to see how the titi numbers on your own manu may respond to different levels of harvest This modelling section is intended to provide a more relevant picture of what may happen on your manu compared to the predictions made for the overall titi population by the Titi Research Project We hope that the application will help you make the best decisions for your manu It can provide a valuable scientific and cultural record of your harvest as well as being a fun forum and involving experience for birding whanau You are welcome to distribute a copy of this package to anyone who you think may like to try it Approval and privacy The application will be approved by the Rakiura Titi Islands Administering Body RTIAB and the Rakiura Tit Committee RTC Any information you enter into this package eg details about your manu whanau and harvesting remains yours alone It is completely private and confidential and we will not be collecting sharing or publishing any of this information Technical requirements Te Poha o te Titi does not work online like a website this is because the titi islands don t have internet available on them You can run this application on any modern Windows computer Hopefully this is the most accessible way for the highest number of people to be able to use the application on their manu and share with other muttonbirders Photo courtesy of Jamie Newman Te Poha o te Titi appli
16. ist of members of the Rakiura Titi Committee and the Rakiura Titi Islands Administering Body Cathy Atttield Margaret Bragg Ron Bull Stewart Bull Barry Clearwater Robert Coote Gloria Davis Jane Davis Tane Davis Anthony Fowler Philip Gilligan Lesley Rewi Irene Schroder Michael Skerrett Gail Thompson Riki Topi and Morry Trow The above list excludes the newly appointed committee members from the February 2012 permit day hui Funding This resource would not have been possible without the support of Nga Pae o Te Maramatanga Special thanks to project managers Donna Gardiner and Marilyn Brewin NGA PAE OTE MARAMATANGA Photo courtesy of Darren Scott Te Poha o te Titi application user manual About Te Poha o te Titi What is it for This software application has been designed to guide sustainable muttonbirding practises on your manu ensuring that titi remain plentiful for the future generations of Rakiura Maori You can enter details about your whanau and manu using the diary section to record and summarise your catch records for each day month or season You can also use this diary section to check on tide times sunrise sunset and phases of the moon as well as keeping notes you want about any relevant daily occurrences on your island The storeroom section allows you to record the number of buckets amp poha and other information about the quality and size of your birds The population model sect
17. ktop which you should back up for your future reference Then it s good if you can back up this file that look for this icon is make a copy of it An easy and pretty reliable ON Your desKtop method is to copy your data file to a cheap device like a USB stick it is also called a pen drive Then keep the device in a safe place 15 Kia ora whanau We hope you enjoy the first version of Te Poha o Te Trt Before each season we ll be updating the information for your calendar e g tide predictions moon sunrise and sunset So keep an eye out for any updates Remember this is a resource for your whanau and it is completely private and confidential Also if you have any new ideas improvements on the existing app or features you d like to see added to the next version please get in touch Email questions or feedback to corey bragg otago ac nz We wish you all the best for the up and coming titi season Nga mihi Many thanks Project Co ordinator Corey Bragg Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Appendices Article from Titi Times 14 November 2004 Historical harvest records long term benchmarks Many birders already keep their own records and some have gifted these historical figures to the research team Such whanau will receive their own confidential report on long term trends good and bad seasons and changing patterns of birding on their own manu Let us know if you want a c
18. lk about a model of a population of birds for example what we mean is some simple way of representing what we believe to be the key parts of the population how that population changes over time and the key factors that drive that change A population of anything people polar bears deer fish or titi is made up of individuals that we can put into classes according to their age or sex or some other category If we add up the numbers in each group we get a total for the whole population That number will change from year to year depending on the number of individuals that are born die join or leave the population If we can estimate on average what these numbers are we can then estimate how big the population will be from year to year If we have enough information we can do this in a very detailed way by looking at how each group in the population changes over time For a titi population for example by looking at information from banding records and from checks of eggs and chicks down burrows during the breeding season we can estimate how many adults are likely to survive from year to year and how many eggs are likely to result in chicks that are either available for harvest or fledge to return as Adults can survive and some will breed Others will skip breeding or die chicks bees Juvs can survive and mature into adults Some will N not make it Juveniles bs Chicks can survive to bec
19. m T t Times 16 December 2005 Counting holes the next step up in commitment to monitoring Some of you may want to invest a day or two of extra effort into monitoring your manu by counting holes A count of holes in a series of staked out squares plots or along lines transects would be helpful Squares of about 5 m by 5 m are ideal or you could run a line out between a start and end stake about 10 15 m apart and then count the number of holes 1 m either side of the central line The key thing is consistency It is really important to go back year after year to the very same plots or transects Otherwise you will only measure differences from one part of your manu to the next rather than changes to the manu over the years It is best to mark your plots or lines using 1m long aluminum or steel stakes Take special care to count both recently closed holes and open ones and to use a standard rule for deciding if the hole falls just within or just outside the transect or plot see the diagram below Run a string along the line or around the outside of the plot so you can accurately decide whether the hole is in or just outside the count zone Write down the size of the plot or length of the line and record the exact number of holes there Keep the records in a safe place and record any major problems or disturbances lost stakes windfalls etc that could have affected the count A photo taken from exactly the same spot l
20. menu and type in the name of your manu Area burrow density and occupancy If you know these numbers or have good estimates enter them in here Weka Click this button to show whether or not weka are removed from your manu HINT If you have weka on your manu see what your t ti chick numbers could look like with weka eradicated ee back home Here is the link back to the Home screen oha tele titi s home Manu amp Wh nau f Birder diary Population model ey Sa Taukihepa Big South Cape P your manu YOUR ISLAND YOUR MANU NAME approximate area in square metres 500000 tha 10 000m BURROW DENSITY 0 57 WHAT IS THIS OCCUPANCY RATE 06 WHAT IS THIS x Weka eradicated CHOOSE A TIDAL INFO LOCATION Halfmoon Bay Oban v i Go to the Diary for your manu s daily tidal info birders ON YOUR MANU THIS SEASON S PODA CLICK A BIRDER S NAME TO SEE AND EDIT THEIR INFO Add a new person Info tips e You can hover over these with your mouse pointer for descriptions o _ Tides This tidal data is provided by Land Information New Zealand LINZ By default it shows the standard port of Bluff Choose your nearest location from this drop down menu of secondary locations This will give you tide times in the birder diary which you use on a day to day basis
21. of chicks removed from say the first 200 300 holes you try out every year you could get an index of occupancy Obviously you will miss some just as the centre centre of plot a burrow entrance include this one include this one team explain some of these opportunities and limitations for monitoring through harvest rate Moller H F Berkes P O Lyver and M Kislalioglu 2004 Combining science and traditional ecological knowledge monitoring populations for co management Ecology and Society 9 3 2 Newman J and H Moller Use of Matauranga Maori Traditional Knowledge and science to guide a seabird harvest Getting the best of both worlds In Kishigami N and J M Savelle editors Indigenous Use and Management of Marine Resources Senri Ethnological Studies No 67 303 321 National Museum of Ethnology Osaka 2005 Let us know if you want a copy burrowscope does but doing the same sort of sample each year will still give a measure of whether the trend is for fewer or more birds in the available holes Henrik Moller centre centre exclude this one The rule to decide whether or not an entrance hole is within or outside the transect or circular plot 19 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Appendices Developing the harvest model 20 Article for birders by Chris Jones from Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua A model is a simplified version of reality When we ta
22. ome juvs or be killed and eaten by weka or people Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Appendices new breeders in a few years time Sometimes we don t have the right information about the species that we are interested in so we use information from the closest related species that we can find out about Once we have estimates of how big a population is and what the survival and breeding success rates are we can link these together using mathematics to predict what the population size or the number of eggs produced or chicks available for harvest will be next year Then we use the same mathematics on next year s population to predict numbers for the following year and so on This allows us to predict what will happen to that population over time but there are a couple of really important things to remember about models The first is that they are just models not reality They represent the best knowledge that we have about something and the better that knowledge the more reliable we would expect our predictions to be Perhaps the best way to use them is to compare the predictions from one set of circumstances with those from another for example by asking what the effects on the population are likely to be by removing predators or not or by doubling harvest versus no change etc This is the kaupapa with which we have developed the titi harvest model Essentially the titi breeding population on a manu is e
23. onfidential analysis done on your own records While the existing records are valuable and potentially hold the key to our main puzzle what is causing the recent declines in the titi much more information could be gained from them if a few simple rules are followed See the box over the page for suggestions of what to do Two minutes a day measuring harvest rates a finger on the pulse of future titi populations Most birders already record the catch tally for each day and night of the season but many have not kept accurate records of the catch effort to match them If you also record the number of people out catching more hands make light work and the time spent gathering the birds we can measure the harvest rate birds caught per person per hour It is the soeed with which you can gather the birds that will be the best guide to bird numbers Harvest speed is a measure of catch per unit effort where effort is measured as time For example about the same daily tally may have been gathered over the past three decades from your manu but the birds may have been going down if you were gradually adding more hours of work to get your daily target Alternatively if the bird numbers were trending upwards you may have been getting your tally by early afternoon in recent years whereas it may have taken till late afternoon in the early 1970s If your tallies are trending down it may be that your strong teenagers have left to s
24. stimated from the manu size burrow density Developing the harvest model continued and proportion of those burrows that are occupied by chicks With this estimate of the number of breeding pairs we then work out how many birds should be in each age group from 1 year olds up to a group containing all birds of 14 years and older Each age group is affected by the survival rate for that age group to give the number of birds in the next age group in the next year and so on All birds of 4 years old and older can breed but the chances of a bird breeding increases with age up to a maximum from age 2 onwards All the eggs produced by the different age groups are added together to give a total number of eggs We then apply our breeding success rate to the number of eggs to get the number of chicks One of three things can then happen if weka are present the model takes away some chicks to represent losses due to predation the remaining chicks are then subject to harvest with the number actually removed depending on the amount of effort harvesters experience levels number of days nanao or rama put in The remaining chicks then fledge and the model applies a survival rate to these to estimate the number of 1 year olds next year and so on again Chris Jones 21 Ka tangi te titi Ka tangi te kaki Ka tangi hoki ahau Tihei mauri ora A Nau mai haere mai Te P h o te T t is a tool to help families keep track
25. uch as how likely it is for an adult bird to die each year This particular model runs a thousand times we then average these runs to present the graphs and tables you see in this package see page 13 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Home Kaika Ka tangi te titi Ka tangi te kak Ka tangi hoki ANAY Tihei mauri ora fi gt i i i Sound Nau mai haere mai Turn the sound on and Te Poha o te Titi is a tool to help families keep track a0 Soundi zon off here of their birding and their manu A More about this application Acknowledgements gt Export your data Use this at the end of the season or if you are changing computers Birder diary Rataka This is where you record your catch and make notes for the day Population model See page 10 3 l Manu amp Wh nau ee 4 Te rahi o te kahui titi Use this to check the sustainability of muttonbirding on your manu Go to page 15 Manu and whanau This is where you put in the main info about your manu and the people birding with you Read more on page 12 Storehouse Whata kai Use this section each time you have finished cutting up and packing your birds You ll need to create a new record for each batch Go to page 8 See page 14 Te Poha o te Titi application user manual Getting started Manu and whanau Island and manu Choose your island from the drop down
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