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BEAMSTAR FX - Ophir Optronics

1. ccceccceeeeeseceeeeeeeteeeeneee 34 5 24 Saving settings i0 2secasescteactuavixesssereseredens tease 34 5 3 External Triggef scisc giec tictetienpteateicetniendesnshendetanadensreeng ea 35 5 3 1 Optical Accessories setup essssesesesreeeeerr eene 35 5 3 2 External Trigger setup eceeeccceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 35 53 3 Camera Fornval c nsec sawed aaa 36 5 3 4 gt Camera Exposure ccsmnataecnsee 36 BeamStar FX User Guide Contents 5 3 5 Trigger Mode Behavior 37 5 3 6 SAVING settings ace sencoccey Lied cto edad eeueeeatoe 39 5 4 Ophir Photodiode Trigger ccecsseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 39 5 4 1 Optical Accessories setup ceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeees 39 5 4 2 Photodiode Trigger setup cccecereeeeeeeeees 39 5 4 3 Camera Format 0 ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeee 40 5 4 4 Camera Exposure cccceeccceeeeecceeeeeesteeeeeeee 40 5 4 5 Trigger Mode Behavior eseese 41 5 4 6 Saving settings ers sececciey he ise eeeeseeeetetde 43 5 5 Improving the SIONal sss eat ae 43 5 5 1 Background Subtraction cccccccseeeeseessteees 43 5 5 2 Frame Averaging ssssssssssrrrrrrsssssrrrsrrrreeeseee 44 5 5 3 Subtracting a Reference cc ssscccceeeeeeeeees 45 55 4 Measuring SNR s sssssssssesssessssserrsssrrnrerrrresssrrrneee 45 6 BeamStar Operation Basics ccccesssssesseeeeeeeeees 47 Bal Defa lt Start p mi
2. 34 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 3 5 3 1 5 3 2 External Trigger Optical Accessories setup 1 If required screw one or more of the supplied attenuating filters onto the camera Filters page 16 If required and you have the optional Beam Splitter set up the device with the camera If measuring in the UV range and you have the optional UV converter set up the device with the camera If you are using either the beam reducer or expander set up the device with the camera and enter the appropriate configuration in the Optical Scale Factor page 23 on the Camera Format Page page 23 Start the laser External Trigger setup 1 Connect a BNC cable between the pulsed laser and the BNC terminal of the BeamStar FX Select External Trigger in the Trigger section of the Camera Format page Select either the rising or falling edge of the trigger highlighted in blue to the right of the external trigger checkbox 35 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide 5 3 3 5 3 4 SP camera FX camera Trigger Trigger BeamStar Photodiode Accessory BeamStar Photodiode Accessory V External Trigger Fallin Edge IW External Trigger Fallin Edge l Pre Trigger 1 5 Delay Pre Trigger 1 5 ms E usec You can see if the camera is triggering by looking at the green LED on the rear of the camera Note Verify that the trigger voltage is within the 3 to 24 V rang
3. Control Buttons Start Starts the camera and the recording of frames Stop Stops the camera and the recording of frames Last Buffer Frames number of frames is kept in computer memory and can be played back and saved 132 BeamStar FX User Guide Region of Interest 16 16 1 Region of Interest Region of Interest ROI lets you select a definable rectangular portion of the camera display for numerical analysis Need for Region of Interest BeamStar algorithms and displays assume that all the pixels of the camera contain information vital for accurate measurement of the laser beam This is correct in most cases but occasionally it is necessary to perform calculations on a reduced set of data Example 1 Peripheral Noise or Ghost Image Due to the Optical Setup of the experiment a ghost image of the laser spot may be seen on the camera see following figure Including the ghost image will adversely affect the measurements 210 x Example 2 Multiple Spots For a source that has multiple spots see following figure it may be necessary to measure each spot individually 133 Region of Interest BeamStar FX User Guide 16 2 16 2 1 ioi x In order to perform correct measurement and analysis BeamStar provides an easy to use Region of Interest ROI feature Using Region of Interest Activation from Icon or Add Panel To activate Region of Interest Use one of
4. Total Power By default the value reported as Total Power is relative That is the value is the sum of all charges from the pixels of the CCD of the camera However if you have the actual power of a laser beam from an independent measurement you can normalize the Total 72 BeamStar FX User Guide Numerical Values 8 2 Power value Doing so will also normalize all other readouts related to power in all the displays Note This option is available only when BeamStar is displaying camera output and not a video recording file To set the laser power 1 Click the Numerical Values tab 2 In the total power line click the blue value 3 Type the laser power 4 To activate the choice click in another panel From this point on the y axis of the profiles and numerical readouts shows the correct values of profile power density in watts cm Beam Width The BeamStar FX due to its sophisticated background subtraction and calculation algorithms gives very accurate measurements of beam widths To further improve the accuracy frequently block the laser beam and perform a background subtraction BeamStar FX offers four methods of calculating the beam width see Table 3 page 70 The methods for the calculations are defined so that the results for Beam widths are independent of cursor locations line profiles or sum profiles They are however dependent on the Axis Alignment mode see Figure 24 page 69 F
5. 74 BeamStar FX User Guide Numerical Values 8 3 2D Gaussian A ID Gaussian Fit page 91 calculates the 3 parameter single variable Gaussian formula that most closely fits a line of data A 2D Gaussian Fit calculates the 5 parameter 2 variable Gaussian formula that most closely represents an area of data This more accurately reflects how close the entire laser beam is to being truly Gaussian than two orthogonal 1D Gaussian Fits However bear in mind that it is math intensive and is likely to slow down the BeamStar s update rate The example in Figure 25 page 75 is based on the 2D display of Figure 19 page 62 FEl Numerical Values 1 DER Frame Number 2D Gaussian w Total Power mw Peak Power Density W om 2 8 122 Peak To verage 2 313 Ellipticity Azimuth deg Location x Y Centroid 0 0 117 0 142 Peak Beam Width i Major Minor 4 Sigma J 5 212 4 008 90 10 Knife Edge 5 13 5 of Peak 50 0 of Peak Correlation 0 732 Modulation 177 7927 2D Top Hat Width Height Mean StdDey Std Mean Min Max THFactr EffArea Eff Dia mm mm Wiem 2 Wiem2 Wiem 2 Wiem 2 mm 2 mm 2455 2119 67 1 23 0 184 119 12 6 4 52 2 398 Figure 25 2D Gaussian fit of the laser beam 8 4 2D Top Hat Calculated values are dependent on the selected Axis Alignment The example in Figure 26 page 76 is based on the 2D display of Figure 19 page 62 75 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide 8 5 EE Nume
6. For normal operations if you start BeamStar without a camera connected you must register the camera Camera Registration page 21 Note You must have administrative privileges to install the software 18 BeamStar FX User Guide Software Installation and Camera Registration To install the BeamStar software 1 Insert the BeamStar FX distribution CD ROM in the CD ROM drive 2 Ifthe CD does not play automatically then locate and double click the index htm file 3 When the selection screen opens click on the Install BeamStar link 4 When the Choose Installation Type window appears select Standard unless you have purchased an OEM package BeamStar InstallShield Wizard Choose Installation type Select Standard or DEM installation Standard C OEM Enter OE code Installshield mil Cancel From version 1 02 and higher Ophir supports customer tailored OEM features in addition to Standard application features If OEM is selected the user will be asked to enter the OEM code Software Installation and Camera Registration BeamStar FX User Guide The OEM code is specific to each type of tailored interface ordered If the code is entered a special installation with the requested features will be performed For all other customers the Standard installation is the correct choice 5 Ifa Windows dialog box appears stating that it found new hardware click
7. trigger good excellent Pulsed synched Pulsed synched CW poor excellent excellent CW poor CW poor 180mA from 5V bus 165mA from 12V 165mA from 12V powered supply supply 2W supply 2W 900mW Interline transfer progressive scan CCD LBA FW BeamStar IEEE 1394 Firewire system Windows XP or Vista 32 bit 0 5 W cm 0 6nW cm 77mm x 70mm x 25 2mm CCD recess from surface 4 5mm Pulsed with video trigger good Pulsed synched excellent CW good 165mA from 12V supply 2W Pentium 4 1 7GHz gt 2GHz for best performance 256 MB Memory IEEE 1394 Interface Requires PCI or CardBus Slot Operating 175 Index BeamStar FX User Guide 23 Index 1 Numerical Values 75 1D Gaussian Fit 91 2D Top Hat display 92 Numerical Values 75 graphs zooming 96 3 options 93 3D Display 122 page 92 display 122 1D Top Hat Fit 97 mouse keyboard control 125 display 98 options 123 graphs zooming 101 options 100 page 98 Pass Fail 99 2 2D display 55 cursor alignment 60 2D Display adjusting the size of 57 CSV examples 66 Cursor Alignment 60 distance measurement 62 Markers 60 options 57 page 58 Save 65 2D Gaussian showing 122 A Add Panel 49 Adjusting the size of the 2D display 57 Automation and client applications 163 Axis Alignment Control 141 B BA500 170 172 BeamStar accessories 171 BeamStar setup 173 physical setup 172 background
8. h Trigger Edge option The Edge option has two settings Rising and Falling Clicking on the blue underline settings toggles between these two settings Rising Falling This setting sets both External and Output triggering to the same mode Internal No trigger mode selected Measurements will be made based on the selected frame rate of the BeamStar camera External Trigger The external trigger mode uses a BNC cable between the laser and the camera Lasers up to 1 KHz can be synched with this method The BNC trigger input on the camera can accept either positive or negative inputs Ophir Photodiode Trigger OPT The Ophir Photodiode Trigger OPT for the USB and FX series simplifies the measurement of pulsed lasers The photodiode triggers the camera by synchronizing on the light from the laser itself or from the flash lamp pumping the laser Therefore you do not need any physical connection to the laser The OPT can use lasers of up to 500 Hz Characteristics of the photodiode trigger The Photodiode Trigger responds to wavelengths of 190 nm to 1100 nm The input to the unit is very sensitive and allows triggering when the peak power exceeds a threshold It easily triggers on the scattered light from short duration lasers When necessary for example when working with Optical Accessories or when measuring very weak lasers the OPT can be separated from the camera and mounted on the optional stand and placed closer to t
9. 116 BeamStar FX User Guide Beam Wander 13 2 DistanceDialog Enter Distance mm from Laser to Camera surface Note CCD array is 4 55 mm from camera surface 3 Type the distance in millimeters from the laser to the camera surface and click OK The calculated value is updated and remains enabled while Microradians is active To enter a new value for the distance repeat this procedure AutoScale Center and Decenter of the Beam Wander Display Below are images of the same set of data displayed in AutoScaled mode Centered and Decentered Notice how the AutoScaled display is spread out over the entire display area the Centered display is more condensed and how the Decentered display is condensed into just one point 117 Beam Wander BeamStar FX User Guide EE Beam Wander 1 W f D a Y Position microns 309 6 309 7 lt 309 8 309 9 310 1 1 440 5 441 441 5 Pasition microns Units Microns x Centroid Location 441 4 Distance from last point Mean Centroid Location Standard Deviation Distance from mean centroid Largest point to point Distance 1 2 x Y Position microns 1 1 1 440 5 441 441 5 X Position microns Units Microns x Centroid Location 441 3 Distance from last point Mean Centroid Location Standard Deviation Distance from mean centroid Largest point to point Distance 0 9 Figure 50 Beam Wander display set to Center 118 BeamStar FX
10. 13 5 of the peak Modulation Displays the error of the Gaussian fit at the selected point Points available for Modulation range between the points bound by FWHM When selected a blue vertical appears at the location determined by the selection Manual user selected point Best point of best fit to the Gaussian plot Worst point of worst fit to the Gaussian plot You can use the mouse to zoom in on any selected horizontal range refer to Zooming a 1D Gaussian Fit page 96 93 1D Gaussian Fit BeamStar FX User Guide Option Auto Subtract Explanation Automatically subtracts any zero bias on the Baseline baseline The procedure fails if the algorithm cannot determine a baseline For example a failure occurd if the beam covers the area of the picture and there is no dark space at the edges Pass Fail See Step 655H7 page 99 Check box Select to have criteria active Criteria that pass are displayed in green font those that fail are in red font Browse button Click to open the dialog box to set Pass Fail criteria Page buttons Freeze UnFreeze Toggles on off updating of the 1D Gaussian display and the updating of information and calculations Unzoom If the Gaussian Fit display has been zoomed returns the display to its full horizontal range Refer to Zooming a 1D Gaussian Fit page 96 Save Opens a standard Windows Save As dialog to save the c
11. Laser Location Distance between the front of the laser housing and the Front Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens All beam width measurements are made in the area of the Artificial Waist However M is based on the actual waist The distance between the Reference Plane usually the front of the laser and the Front Principal Plane of the Focusing Element is used as part of the formula to translate from Artificial Waist to the actual Beam Waist Start Process Registers the Global Parameters and enables the M measurement process After being clicked it becomes the Clear button Clear This clears all the Global Parameters and restarts the M measurement process 155 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide Laser under test Focusing Lens Camera on moving stage Laser Location Ruler measuring distance along laser propagation path Figure 64 Typical setup for measuring M of a laser Current Measurement panel In the Current Measurement section see example in the following figure the user sets the parameters that are specific to the current measurement Curent Measurement Camera Position mm 0 Number of filters 3 Z location mm 59 80 MV Show Current Measurement x Y Beam Width mm 0 109 0 094 Std Dey 0 000 0 000 Store Skip Undo Help These parameters affect the Z Axis location measurement Accuracy is very important In fact Z Position inaccuracy is one of the greatest sources of erro
12. The file is stored in the Init folder in the path Ophir Optronics BeamStar 53 BeamStar Operation Basics BeamStar FX User Guide To activate a saved OOI file 1 From the menu bar select File gt Load settings A standard Windows Open dialog box opens Select the file and click Open BeamStar reads the file and uses the information to open the desired displays Alternatively when BeamStar is not running 1 2 Create a shortcut to the OOI file on the Desktop Click the shortcut BeamStar starts up using the settings in the OOI file for the startup displays 54 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display 7 The 2D Display The 2D Display shows the beam in the x y plane using the default XY axes mode and Rainbow color mapping see Figure 15 page 55 Refer to Table 1 page 57 for an explanation of the 2D Display page Figure 16 page 56 The 2D Display can also be displayed using the Major Minor or Beam Axis mode refer to Axis Alignment Control page 141 ioi xi Figure 15 2D display with Align XY Cursors set to Manual and the XY Cursors and Cenitroid x Markers selected 55 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide IV Show Color Bar F Horizontal None flarid Hone Figure 16 2D display control when Master Alignment is not selected 56 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display 7 1 Table 1 2D Display control options Option Zoom Expl
13. b Drag the Region of Interest to the desired location c Release the mouse button To perform measurements based on all pixels of the camera Use one of the following two methods e Inthe Control Panel clear Enable This turns off the Region of Interest until it is clicked again e Click the Hide Me control This removes the Region of Interest from the application Effect on 2D Display Profiles and Numeric Results Enabling the Region of Interest causes the following effects e The Horizontal Scale of Profiles 1D Gaussian Fit and 1D Top Hat fit are limited to the Region of Interest e All measurements of all displays are based on pixels with the Region of Interest only The 3D Graph however is not affected In the following two figures notice the little bump caused by a ghost image when the Region of Interest is not enabled whereas the ghost image bump is eliminated when the Region of Interest is enabled 136 BeamStar FX User Guide Region of Interest BPro ie craon TTP Horizontal Sum Profile 0 009 0 008 0 007 0 006 i 0 005 2 2 0 004 o a 5 00034 3 0 002 0 001 Figure 57 Sum profile on X axis with ROI not enabled 137 Region of Interest BeamStar FX User Guide io Horizontal Sum Profile 0 009 0 008 0 007 0 006 0 005 2 2 0 004 o 0 003 a amp 0 002 0 001 Figure 58 Sum P
14. Numerical Values From this point on the program will log the data chosen into a comma delimitated file in the location of the BeamStar program in a subdirectory called Logs The default logging directory will be Ophir Optronics BeamStar logs The default filename will be Dat aLogXxXxxX csv After each save the numerical part of the name is incremented by one 4 Click the browse button to change the location or filename The Log Settings Setup dialog box opens Log File Name C Program Files Ophir Optronics BeamStar Logs D ataLogO002 csy Browse gt gt Cancel a Click Browse gt gt to open a standard Windows navigation dialog box to change the location and or file name The Log Settings Setup box returns displaying your selection b Click OK to accept or Cancel to abort the change The selection appears in the Numerical Values page 5 Select the check box to enable the logging feature Figure 28 page 80 shows a partial section of a log file for the PulsedYAG4 oor demo file Logging was Every Update while the video was running The selected frame 4809 in the figure is the same data as in the figures of 2D Gaussian page 75 If you click the adjacent browse button and logging is enabled the Log Settings Setup dialog box opens indicating that you cannot make changes Click Cancel 79 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide Note If you changed the location Be
15. page 98 By default Line Profile and Axis X are selected The other options are selected for the example Refer to Table 8 page 113 for an explanation of the options 97 1D Top Hat Fit BeamStar FX User Guide i m ProfileT ype Axis Line Profile x Majo Sum Profile CY C Minor Align to Readout Cursors IV Top Hat Fit C Centroid T Width Peak IV Mean Manual Control J Maximum x 10 000 mm J Minimum I Max Min ep 0 005 I Std Deviation J StdDev Mean Pass Fail _ _ Tl Inclination F Auto Fit Freeze U _Freeze Help nzoom Save Print Figure 38 1D Top Hat page GE 1D Top Hat Fit 1 Horizontal Line Profile TopHatFit 64 4 Width 2 455 Power Density W cm 2 Maximum 8 63 Minimum 5 52 Inclination 0 014 gt Pasition mm Figure 39 Top Hat fit example with Pass Fail option active 98 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Top Hat Fit 2 In Profile Type select Line Profile or Sum Profile In Align to select where to align the profile 4 In Axis select one of the following profiles X Y Major or Minor If you want multiple Top Hat profiles open additional instances of 1D Top Hat profiles 5 Adjust the position of the vertical blue lines that set the ends for the calculation of the Readout options If Align to Cursors on the Top Hat page and if on that page Cursor Alignment is set to Manual the cursor position o
16. 0 11486 1 01475 0 51975 3 82326 3 27593 18 04 07 6 4812 516 61 11 584 0 10545 0 10949 1 00485 0 51975 3 68942 3 28136 Figure 28 Numeric CSV Log file partial section of the file 80 BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graphs 9 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX can profile the power density of a beam as e Line Profile A line profile is a slice through the beam parallel to the x axis or y axis It may also display the line of pixels along the Major or Minor axis refer to Major Minor Axes page 140 Two orthogonal X and Y Major and Minor line profiles can be displayed interposed on one graph e Sum Profile A Sum Profile is a profile made by summing parallel lines of pixels A profile can be one of Columns of pixels X Sum Profile Rows of pixels Y Sum Profile All lines parallel to the Major Axis All lines parallel to the Minor Axis The Zoom Factor of the 2D Display does not affect the Profile Graphs To profile a reduced set of data use Region of Interest page 133 By default two tabs Profile Graph 1 and Profile Graph 2 and their corresponding plots are created Figure 11 page 47 The options Figure 29 page 82 are the same thus allowing the user to show the power simultaneously in more than one profile type display The vertical axis of the Profile Graph plot is always Power Density ranging from zero to some appropriate value The horizontal axis represents the selection s for Axis
17. 4 1 5 4 2 Saving settings If you intend to make measurements in the future similar to the ones you are planning to make now you can select from two options to have these measurement settings loaded the next time BeamStar starts Refer to Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50 Ophir Photodiode Trigger For an additional description of the Ophir Photodiode Trigger refer to Ophir Photodiode Trigger OPT page 26 Optical Accessories setup 1 If required screw the supplied attenuating filters onto the camera see Filters page 16 2 If required and you have the optional Beam Splitter set up the device with the camera 3 If measuring in the UV range and you have the optional UV converter set up the device with the camera 4 If using either the beam reducer or expander set up the device with the camera and enter the appropriate configuration in the Optical Scale Factor page 23 on the Camera Format Page page 23 5 Start the laser Photodiode Trigger setup 1 Mount the photodiode assembly on the camera and connect it to the camera with the provided short BNC cable Figure 4 page 27 2 Swivel the photodiode assembly to the optimum location so that the camera triggers reliably 39 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide 5 4 3 5 4 4 You can see if the camera is triggering by looking at the green LED on the rear of the camera If the camera does not trigger with the p
18. 90594573319914 Figure 44 Pass Fail with Text only 108 BeamStar FX User Guide Report Generator Pass Fail Report Date 18 05 2005 Time 18 03 37 Generated by BeamStar 1 10 Camera Bc102 Notes Numeric Data Numerical Values 1 EE Numerical Values 1 Frame Number Total Power mw Peak Power Density W cm 2 Peak To Average Location Centroid Peak 0 138 1 104 Beam Width x 4 Sigma 3 861 90 10 Knife Edge 4010 13 5 of Peak 3 653 50 0 of Peak 2 435 Camera Settings 0 113 0 421 Y 3 290 3 367 3 138 1 356 Playback 4809 4809 OTETETETETETIETETETETELETIETETETELETET I Continuous Play Playback Speed at 100 4848 m Frame Buffer Buffer 1 Frames Each Frame Occupies 1457 kB Total Memory Usage 80 MB 0 sec Play Time IV Cache the Results of ll Calculatior Hide Me M Show Location m Power M Total Power N 90 10 Knife Edge V 13 5 of Peak IV 50 of Peak 7 86 5 of Energy Fit I 2D Gaussian I 2D Top Hat Hesi de IV Peak Density l M Peak M y I Peak To Average Beam Width IV 4 Sigma Aligned to Default XY E Pass Fail Iv xX VY I Ellipticity Azimuth Log Data J Every update DataLogO003 csv _ Freeze Save Print Figure 45 Pass Fail with Graphics only 109 Report Generator BeamStar FX User Guide Graphic section same as Pass Fail with Graphics only Numeric Data N
19. Angle that must be greater than 4 m wavelength A perfect Gaussian beam also known as a TEMoo beam approaches this limit M is the quantity that measures how close the beam parameter product of the laser in question is to the diffraction limit of a perfect Gaussian beam ISO 11146 is the internationally recognized standard that defines M measurement M Equation M is given by the equation mM 2 40090 A 4 145 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide 18 1 3 where is Wavelength of the laser beam Os is Divergence Angle dso is Waist Diameter Note Although we use the simpler notation of a radially symmetric beam calculation of M and all of its components is made for X and Y individually Any mention of Waist Diameter should be understood as reference to Waist Width X and Waist Width Y As can be seen in the above equation different combinations of Waist Diameter and Divergence Angle can lead to the same results for M This formula implies that for lasers of the same wavelength with different Waist Diameters the Divergence Angle must be different in order to obtain the same value for M2 Of the three variables that go into the equation to calculate M only the wavelength of the laser under test is known at the start of the measurement process Divergence Angle and Waist Diameter must be determined by the M measurement process before they can be used in turn to calculate M2 Beam Width and Cent
20. Beam Width The Minor axis is defined as the axis along which lies the shorter Beam Width El 2D Display 1 Figure 61 Major and Minor lines drawn through the centroid of a rotated laser beam 140 BeamStar FX User Guide Major Minor Axes 17 2 17 2 1 17 2 2 17 2 3 17 3 Working and making measurements with the horizontal and vertical axes is known as the Default XY mode Working and making measurements along the Major and Minor axes is known as the Beam Axis mode Effect on Displays and Calculations The following displays can be set to provide results based on Major and Minor axes 2D Display with Major Minor Marker enabled e Orthogonal lines will be drawn through the centroid along the Major and Minor axes e Ifa4o beam width is selected the ellipse encircling the 40 beam width will be centered at the centroid and based on the lengths of the 40 beam widths of the Major and Minor axes Numeric Results Aligned to Beam Axis e All beam width measurements will be based on Major and Minor axes e An Azimuth Angle can be selected e A 2D Gaussian fit will be based on Major Minor axes Profiles 1D Gaussian 1D Top Hat e Display of the profile and fits can be aligned to the Major or Minor lines e Line profiles will be aligned to the centroid Axis Alignment Control The Axis Alignment Control is provided for configuring the entire application to Default XY or Beam Axis measurement 141
21. KHz but will show frames only to maximum frame rate Exclusive Ophir pre trigger allows synchronization to even sub nanosecond pulses without delay Same connector can be software configured to provide trigger out to Same connector can accept photodiode trigger see below Optional photodiode trigger plugs into BNC input on camera picks up scattered laser light and synchronizes camera automatically with laser Min peak power necessary is 300u W cm at 500nm Photodiode unit can clip onto camera or be mounted at a distance on a stand Photodiode trigger will synch camera regardless of laser pulse duration even for ns or shorter pulses Max laser frequency for automatic triggering is 500Hz 0 7mW cm at 633 0 35nW cm at 633nm 96mm X 76mm X 23mm CCD recess from surface 4 5mm Pulsed with trigger synch excellent Pulsed with video trigger good CW good 270mA from 5V bus powered supply 1 35W LBA USB BeamStar USB 2 0 Pentium 4 1 7GHz gt 2GHz for best performance 256 MB Memory Operating system Windows XP or Vista 32 bit USB 2 0 Port 0 57mW cm at 633 1 30 W em 1 00 W cm 0 5nW cm at 633nm 0 4nW cm2 0 6nW cm 50W cm 1J cm with all filters installed 96mm X 76mm X 77mm x70mm x 77mm x 70mm x 16mm 35 7mm 25 2mm CCD recess from surface CCD recess from CCD recess from 4 5mm surface 4 5mm surface 4 5mm Pulsed with video trigger good Pulsed with video Pulsed synched
22. Major Minor Axes BeamStar FX User Guide If desired individual displays can be configured to Major Minor or X Y axes for example the 2D Display or the 1D Gaussian fit 17 3 1 Setting all BeamStar Displays to one set of Axes To align all displays to one set of axes 1 Use one of the following two methods In the toolbar click the icon KI The Axis Alignment Control dialog box opens Axis Alignment Control SEE Align all Displays to C Default XY Beam Axis Cancel From the Menu bar select Tools gt Options 142 BeamStar FX User Guide Major Minor Axes 4 General Log Default of peak csv File Culture E C English US 50 0 of Peak Local m Display Alignment M Align all Displays to C Beam Axis Start application with last settings Trigger Mode Behaviour When entering external Trigger Mode Set Shutter to 3mS C Keep present Shutter setting Select Default XY or Beam Axis as desired Verify that Align all Displays to is checked If it is not checked the axis change will not occur Click OK to make the axis change 17 3 2 Effect of Align All Displays on Control Tabs If Align all Displays to is in effect certain controls in the various displays Control Tabs will not be fully functional When Align all Displays to is set to Default XY 2D Display Major Minor Marker is grayed out 143 Major Minor Axes BeamStar FX User Guide Profile
23. Peak Displays the coordinates of the measured peak xX The horizontal location of the Centroid and the Peak Y The vertical location of the Centroid and the Peak Beam Width See Beam Width page 73 4 Sigma Sigma is the second moment value in one dimension Statistically this is equivalent to the standard deviation For instance the sigma in X is the intensity weighted standard deviation of X of the beam Sigma multiplied by 4 is equivalent to the beam width See Beam Width and Centroid page 146 90 10 Knife Edge Simulates a knife edge moving across the beam while the total power is being measured The position of the knife is taken when the measured power is 90 of the unobstructed beam Then the position of the knife is taken when the measured power is 10 of the unobstructed beam The distance between the two knife positions is multiplied by the factor 1 561 This is equivalent to the 90 10 knife edge measurement of the beam width 13 5 of Peak 13 5 of the peak is the 1 e point For an ideal Gaussian beam the beam width at the 1 e point the 40 beam width and the 90 10 knife edge width as defined above will all be the same XX of Peak This is the width at the point that is the defined percent of the peak power In Figure 23 page 69 XX 50 0 70 BeamStar FX User Guide Numerical Values Option Align to Explanation Select between DefaultXY axes and Major Minor Bea
24. Plots the X Line Profile in black and the Y Line Profile in green This option is disabled if Sum Profile is selected Major Draws a power density Profile Type along the Major axis Minor Draws a power density Profile Type along the Minor axis Major and Minor Plots Major Profile in black and Minor Profile in green This option is disabled if Sum Profile is selected Control Panel Freeze Toggles on off updating of the Profile Graph display Unzoom If the Profile Graph has been zoomed Unzoom returns the display to its full horizontal range See for example Zooming a 1D Gaussian Fit page 96 Save Opens a Windows Save As dialog box to save the current profile as a graphic file omp png gif jpg or tiff format Default location is the Results folder in the BeamStar program path Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the Profile Graph Display 84 BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graphs 9 1 9 1 1 Line Profiles on XY Axes BeamStar FX displays beam power in watts cm on the vertical axis and the position in mm on the horizontal axis This power density is related to the total laser power as set by the user The following example uses the PulsedYAG
25. T g S E 5 t 8 Ea mo 6 ET 1 j 1 1 1 8 6 2 0 2 Position microns Units Microns x Centroid Location 226 2 Distance from last point Mean Centroid Location Standard Deviation Distance from mean centroid Largest point to point Distance 0 0 Figure 48 Beam Wander display default See Table 9 below for an explanation 112 BeamStar FX User Guide Beam Wander Table 8 Option Readout Centroid Beam Wander page options Explanation Uses units selected by Microns Microradians Values are for the current period Location The position of the most recent data point Mean The average of the location values Std Dev The standard deviation of the Mean of the Location values Readout Distance Uses units selected by Microns Microradians Values are for the current period From last centroid The distance between the most recent data point and the one before it From mean centroid The distance between most the recent data point and the Mean Max point to point The distance between the furthest two points in the entire data set Tracking Limit Sets the time length that recordings will be made using Period and Rate Limit must be equal to or larger than Period BeamStar will force the Limit unit to be equal to or larger than the Period unit Click the blue font text to change units Period Sets the time length
26. The path of a laser beam as it travels through space This is sometimes referred to as Propagation Path or Z Axis Rayleigh Range also called Rayleigh Length The distance from the Beam Waist along the Z Axis at which the beam width is a factor of V2 greater than the width of the Beam Waist 161 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide Rear Principal Plane The plane from which the Focal Length of the Focusing Element is measured This is usually not the rear edge of the Focusing Element The manufacturer that supplies the Focusing Element usually lists both distances The Focal Length is the distance necessary for calculation of the Z Axis position However the Back Focal Length is much easier to physically measure Therefore simply measure from the rear edge of the Focusing Element add the difference between Back Focal Length and Focal Length and you have the distance from the Rear Principal Plane See also Back Focal Length Times Diffraction Limit Factor M Measures how close a laser beam is to a perfect Gaussian beam This is equal to unity 1 for a theoretically perfect Gaussian beam and has a value of greater than 1 for any real laser beam Waist Diameter The laser beam s minimum size Waist Diameter Location The position along the Z Axis at which the Waist Diameter was measured Z Axis See Optical Path Z Location The location on the Z Axis of the CCD array of the BeamStar camera This is determined
27. This option only affects the Beam Width values and the 2D Gaussian Fit Note Some options are grayed out because they are for future software versions To start a numerical analysis 1 Ifthe Numerical Values page is not present click Add and then click Numerical Values to add the page to the Control Panel form Most of the analyses are pre selected for both the X axis and Y axis DefaultX Y or for Beam Axis modes The results are reported in the Numerical Values display Figure 24 page 69 2 Edit the selections on the page as required For both axis alignment modes selecting any option on or off updates the Numerical Values display Clearing an option removes it from the Numerical Values display The options shown here for Numerical analysis are based on the displays of Figure 19 page 62 68 BeamStar FX User Guide Numerical Values Control Panel File PulsedyAG4 Control Panel File Pulseayac E 5R Video 2D Display 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 3D Display 1 Numerical Values 1 Show Location m Power M Total Power V Peak Density IV Peak To Average M Centroid M x M Peak vy Beam Width IV 4Sigma Aligned to Default M 90 10 Knife Edge IV Xx IV 13 5 of Peak Vy IV 50 of Peak IV Ellipticity 7 86 nergy F Azimu Fit Log Data T7 2D Gaussian 2 M 2D Top Hat Every update DataLog0001 csv Fit 2D Gaussian l Pass Fail Ea Fr
28. User Guide Beam Wander 13 3 EE Beam Wander 1 a S 5 S pd 8 Se se 1 1 1 1 if 2000 1000 0 1000 2000 Position microns Units Microns x Centroid Location 441 5 Distance from last point 0 2 Mean Centroid Location 441 4 Standard Deviation 0 1 Distance from mean centroid 0 1 Largest point to point Distance 0 4 Figure 51 Beam Wander display set to Decenter Log Data BeamStar provides a logging function that enables you to save results displayed in the BeamWander display to a CSV file which can easily be read in Excel or in a text editor To log Beam Wander Readout data into a text file 1 Select the data that you want to display and log All data selected for a display will be logged 2 Set Tracking parameters and Control method In the Log Data section click the blue text 4 Select either Type csv or Type Text For this example Type csv was selected Note The logging is for a different camera than that shown in Figure 49 page 118 119 Beam Wander BeamStar FX User Guide From this point on the program will log the data chosen into a comma delimitated file in the location of the BeamStar program in a subdirectory called Logs The default logging directory will be Ophir Optronics BeamStar logs The default filename will be WLXXXX csv After each save the numerical part of the name is incremented by one 5 Click the browse button to change the location or file
29. _ O1 2700 1 000 0 564 1 317 0 822 2 317 O2 3182 1 020 0 743 1 337 1 396 2 356 Select line color All coordinate and distance readings are displayed in millimeters To remove a line select it and then press Delete Figure 21 2D Distance Measurement window 64 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display 7 5 Table 2 2D Display Distance Measurement window Option Explanation Line The label for the line If the adjacent check box is selected the line will be deleted when you click the Delete button Total Distance The length of the straight line from Endpoint to Endpoint2 This is calculated according to the formula DistanceX 2 DistanceY Endpoint1 X Y start location of the line as measured from the camera s center Endpoint2 X Y end location of the line as measured from the camera s center Distancex The length of straight line along the X Axis between Endpoint1 and Endpoint2 DistanceY The length of the straight line along the Y Axis between Endpoint1 and Endpoint2 Delete Clicking the button removes the selected line Close Closes the window and removes all lines from the 2D Display Save Save opens a standard Windows Save As dialog box in which you can choose to save the current 2D Display either as a graphic file or as a CSV file To save a 2D display 1 Click the tab for the 2D Display of interest so it has the focus 2 Click Save A st
30. all data on the screen only after averaging over the number of frames selected To cancel this function set Average Frames to No Averaging Subtracting a Reference The BeamStar FX can monitor the difference between the beam measured and a reference beam and look at the difference in signal between the beam measured and the reference beam To compare the beam measured with a reference beam 1 In the Control Panel page click the Noise Control tab 2 Set the beam to the source you want to use as a reference 3 Set the number of frames you want to average over in acquiring the reference 4 Click GO 5 Click Subtract Reference On Off to On Subsequent to the above actions all beam measurements will be presented with the reference beam subtracted from the measurement You will be able to use this function to see subtle differences or changes in time between the reference measurement and the beam as seen now To cancel this function click On Off to Off Measuring SNR BeamStar can measure the performance of the system in terms of signal to noise ratio SNR The SNR is divided into two parts e The part based on random noise which is given by Temporal SNR e The part based by noise or variations built into the CCD which is always the same and given by Fixed Pattern Noise 45 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide To determine the SNR 1 In the Control Panel page click the Noise Control ta
31. by the Camera Location the distance between the Front surface of the camera and the CCD array and the number of filters in use 162 BeamStar FX User Guide Automation 19 Automation Ophir provides a sophisticated interface to allow other applications to access BeamStar measurements and to integrate them into their client applications This interface makes use of NET technology BeamStar installation creates a directory named Automation Examples as a subdirectory of the BeamStar application directory It contains the following e Sample client application in VB NET e Sample client application in VB6 e Sample client application in LabVIEW 7 0 e Automation Guide This is a Word document fully describing use of all objects of the BeamStar Automation Interface 163 Optical Accessories BeamStar FX User Guide 20 20 1 Optical Accessories Optical Accessories extend the measurement capabilities of the BeamStar cameras in three ways e Attenuate laser beam power to within the operational range of the BeamStar cameras e Extend the size and resolution limitations of the cameras e Measure beyond the standard spectral range 350nm 1100nm of silicon based sensors Note See our latest catalogue for the most up to date information on accessories and part numbers Transmission Filters P N SPZ08235 SPZ08234 Transmission filters are screw on ring filters that attenuate the amount of las
32. curve fitting techniques to the beam width measurements made after passing through the focusing lens These are the Artificial Waist Widths and associated factors M Curve Fitting Results x T Waist Width mm 0 078 0 066 Divergence mrad 10 644 12 697 Waist Location mm 66 07 6299 Rayleigh Range mm 7 37 5 21 BeamStar will apply a curve fitting algorithm as soon as enough measurements have been made to do so However results will not be ISO compliant until the minimum number of measurements that ISO 11146 requires has been made Overall Parameters Setup panel The Overall Parameters see example in following figure are the global parameters that define the laser and setup of the test equipment These must be set before the M measurement process can begin 154 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared Clear Overall Parameters Wavelength nm Focal Length mm 49 3 Laser Location mm 100 The user sets up the following overall measurement parameters Wavelength Wavelength in nanometers of the laser being measured Focal Length Distance from the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens to the Focal Point This value is dependent on the nominal Focal Length as given by the manufacturer and the wavelength being measured For example a lens with a 400 mm Focal Length calibrated at 589 3 nm actually has a Focal Length of about 402 mm for an HeNe laser whose wavelength is 632 8 nm
33. e Ifthe pulse is very short and the signal noisy you may have to decrease the shutter time Preamp Gain e BeamStar sets the Preamp Gain to Automatic mode Since the Electronic Shutter is adjusted manually the Preamp Gain may fluctuate or become very high e Ifthe picture fluctuates try turning off Automatic mode and setting the Gain manually e If the Gain level is close to maximum reduce the number of filters on the camera e Ifthe picture is saturated increase the number of filters Trigger Mode Behavior This behavior option tells the Electronic Shutter how to behave when entering the External Trigger mode You can set a startup option for the Trigger Mode by going to Tools gt Options from the Menu bar to open the General options tab page see Figure 9 page 42 41 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide General Log Default of peak _csv File Culture 2 C English US 0 50 0 of Peak Local Display Alignment MV Align all Displays to Default XY C Beam Axis StartUp Start application with last settings Trigger Mode Behaviour When entering external Trigger Mode Set Shutter to 3mS C Keep present Shutter setting Figure 9 Setting a startup option for Trigger Mode Behaviour Each example below started with the Camera Exposure set to Auto Set Shutter to 3ms After entering Camera Format and selecting External Trigger the Auto option of Electronic Shutter is cleared
34. each step is 0 035dB Manual or automatic control 1 Some vendors claim as much as 14 bit dynamic range but this usually refers to the A D card dynamic range and not the total system dynamic range including the camera which is usually on the order of 55 60dB 174 BeamStar FX User Guide Specifications Item Trigger Photodiode trigger Saturation intensity Lowest measurable signal Damage threshold Dimensions and CCD recess Image Quality at 1064nm Electrical Characteristics Operation mode Software Supported PC interface Minimum host system requirements 1 BNC connector accepts positive or negative trigger signal from 3 to 24V with pulse width 100ns min LED on camera indicates triggering Will synchronize with laser repetition rates up to 1 KHz but will show frames only to maximum frame rate Exclusive Ophir pre trigger allows synchronization to even sub nanosecond pulses without delay between trigger pulse and laser pulse Specification between trigger pulse and laser pulse synch laser 2 Same connector can be software configured to provide trigger out to synch laser Supports programmable delay on Strobe Out Same connector can accept photodiode trigger see below 1 BNC connector accepts positive or negative trigger signal from 3 to 24V with pulse width 1s min LED on camera indicates triggering Will synchronize with laser repetition rates up to 1
35. fitting profile as defined by the distance between the two blue lines Average beam intensity in the region between the blue lines Maximum beam intensity in the region between the blue lines Minimum beam intensity in the region between the blue lines Maximum as defined above divided by the minimum as defined above Standard deviation of the profile from the mean in the region between the two blue lines Standard deviation value divided by the mean beam intensity The lower this number is the closer the beam comes to an ideal flat top profile 100 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Top Hat Fit Explanation Inclination Slope of the best fit inclined line between the blue lines This slope is normalized such that a slope value of 1 indicates that the left edge is at 0 and right edge is at twice the average Pass Fail See Step 655H7 page 99 Check box Select to have criteria active Criteria that pass are displayed in green font those that fail are in red font See Figure 39 page 98 Browse button Click to open the dialog box to set Pass Fail criteria Page buttons Freeze UnFreeze Toggles on off updating of the Top Hat display and the updating of information and calculations UnZoom If the 1D Top Hat display has been zoomed returns the display to its full horizontal range See Zooming a 1D Top Hat Fit Save Opens a standard Window Save As dialog in which the options are graphic files
36. for Readout calculation where data is collected based on Rate value Period must be equal to or less than Limit When a Period ends the graph and data set are cleared Tracking continues until the Tracking Limit is reached Click the blue font text to change units 113 Beam Wander BeamStar FX User Guide Option Rate Explanation The rate at which data is collected from a minimum of 1 second to a maximum rate of 60 seconds The slide button cannot be moved beyond a value greater than that of Period However the left extreme position of the slide button results in EveryUpdate This setting allows data to be collected at the fastest rate for each Period based on system resources However the number of points and their interval will vary Controls See AutoScale Center and Decenter of the Beam Wander Display page 117 Clear Clears the Beam Wander graph and readouts Center Disabled if Auto Scale is checked When clicked uses the coordinates of Mean Centroid Location values to set the center of the display and 4o to set their axis limits Whereas Auto Scale continuously relocates the axis and their limits Center requires the manual click of the button to update each axis Decenter Sets each axis to the dimension of the camera Is enabled when Auto Scale is cleared Disabled after clicking enabled if Center is clicked Auto Scale Continuously
37. location of the camera along the Optical Path of the laser beam after it has passed through the Focusing Lens This is the distance between the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens and the front surface of the camera casing See also Z Location Centroid Also called the Center of Gravity This is the first moment of the power distribution of a laser beam Divergence Angle Angle of the cone that describes the increase of a laser beam s width as it travels through space 160 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared Far Field When the Z Axis distance is much greater than one Rayleigh Range away from the Beam Waist Focal Length The distance from the Rear Principal Plane of a Focusing Element to the Focal Point the point at which parallel rays of light passing through the lens should converge Focusing Lens The optical component usually a simple lens in some cases it may be a complex Optical Assembly used to focus parallel rays of light causing them to converge at a determined point When this consists of more than a simple lens it is more correctly referred to as Focusing Element Four Sigma Beam Width See Beam Width Optical Distance The actual length of a light path in a substance divided by the refractive index of that substance Example Glass has a Refractive Index of about 1 5 Air has a Refractive Index of about 1 The optical distance of 3 mm of glass is 2mm 3 mm 1 5 2 mm Optical Path
38. must be set to Manual and Cursors must be selected for Markers so that they are visible and can be moved You can move the intersection both cursors by selecting them with the mouse and dragging The 2D Display s Cursor Alignment control Cursor has no effect on the other Align to options Centroid Draws the profile using the coordinate of the calculated Centroid center of mass as the zero positions of the axis The coordinate point taken as zero is dependent on the Axis selection For an XY plot the X value is used Peak Draws the profile using the coordinate of the measured peak value as the zero positions of the axis The coordinate point taken as zero is dependent on the Axis selection For an XY plot the X value is used Manual Control When selected entered values determine the zero coordinates as if you used the cursors Even when not selected the values are updated by the coordinates set by the other Align to options 83 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX User Guide Axis X Draws a power density Profile Type using the Align to selection If Cursors is selected moving the horizontal cursor scans Y values along the x axis See Line Profiles page 85 Draws a power density Profile Type using the Align to selection If Cursors is selected moving the vertical cursor scans Y values along the y axis See Line Profiles page 85 X Y selected
39. socket plug the provided power adapter into the other Firewire card port and connect the wall cube power supply to the power adapter 2 Verify that the Firewire cable is properly connected a both ends CAUTION Verify that you have plugged the connector in the correct direction Reverse insertion of a Firewire cable can cause a Firewire device to burn out 3 Power up the computer Optical Accessories Filters In order to operate the camera properly you must adjust the intensity of the beam so that it is in the range within which the camera is efficient The usual method is to mount a number of filters The optimum number of filters is the combination that minimizes attenuation without causing camera saturation Three filters are supplied two in black housings and one in red The black ones filter more than the red You can combine the filters to increase attenuation as shown in the following list e Red filter least attenuation e Black Filter e Red Black e Black Black e Red Black Black most attenuation Other Optical Accessories Ophir provides additional optical accessories that extend the measurement capabilities of the BeamStar cameras 16 BeamStar FX User Guide System Components e Beam Splitters To attenuate laser beams that are too powerful for the filters e UV Converters To extend the BeamStar s range into the UV e 4 1 Beam Reducer To enable measurement of very large spots
40. the following two methods e In the toolbar click the icon E e Select Region of Interest from the Add Panel A Region of Interest Tab Page is added to the Control Panel and the Region of Interest is shown on the 2D Display as a yellow square 134 BeamStar FX User Guide Region of Interest 16 2 2 Region of Interest i Rm 2D Display 1 Center Location Xx mm Y mm 0 oi TE IV Enabled x mm Y mm Figure 56 Region of Interest control tab and example of 2D Display Changing parameters from Control Tab or 2D Display When the Region of Interest is started it defaults to being centered in the camera with a size of 1x1 mm Also it starts in the Enabled state all measurements are performed on data within the Region of Interest only To resize the Region of Interest Use one of the following two methods e In the Control Panel change the Size controls as desired e Within the 2D Display do as follows a Move the mouse to the border of the Region of Interest and press the mouse button b Drag the mouse until the Region of Interest is resized as desired c Release mouse button To move the Region of Interest Use one of the following two methods 135 Region of Interest BeamStar FX User Guide 16 2 3 e In the Control Panel change the Center Location as desired e Within the 2D Display a Move the mouse into the Region of Interest and press the mouse button
41. 1 Default start up display BeamStar can display any combination or number of displays and profiles Each display is controlled by its own control page Beginning with the lower left corner display and moving clockwise the displays are e Control Panel form containing a page for each of the various displays 47 BeamStar Operation Basics BeamStar FX User Guide 6 2 2D Display 3D Display Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 e Numerical Values 1 Note There are other numerical and display functions not shown in Figure 11 page 47 These are described later in this manual Note The control pages contain numerous options some of which are grayed out until the user selects some other option on the page Other options are permanently grayed out and will be available in a future software release Control Panel The Control Panel holds a page for each display Each of the pages is brought to the front by clicking its tab Clicking the Control Box X of a display closes the display and its page in the Control Panel form The Camera forms cannot be closed Clicking the Hide Me button closes the Noise Control form Clicking the Control Box X of the Control Panel form closes all opened displays and pages Note The title bar displays the serial number of the working camera 48 BeamStar FX User Guide BeamStar Operation Basics Control Panel File HeNe oor A a Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise C
42. 4 oor video file to illustrate a Line Profile to scan for power density The starting conditions are shown in Figure 30 below From the 2D Display form Markers were selected for Peak and Centroid x The cursor lines are placed close to the Centroid location 15 x z 15 x 125 125 io S0 bai 2 2 8 284 ie ip 3 45 3 1 24 24 0 7 f 1 f 1 1 1 f 1 1 4 2 0 E 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Pasition mm Y Position mm m20 Display i Figure 30 Starting positions for Line Profile example Axis X using Align to Cursors Profile Graph 1 In Figure 31 page 86 only the horizontal line has been moved to the lower peak The values along the X Position have not moved 85 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX User Guide 9 1 2 Profile 1 However the zero point for the Y Position Profile 2 has moved downward producing a larger positive range The peak for Profile 1 is near 2 as expected In Profile 2 it is the same peak as in Figure 30 page 85 only its Y Position has changed Therefore for a profile defined as Axis X moving the horizontal cursor scans the power density values along the x axis by displaying the Y values 10 x 125 125 E 10 Fio ae Wa 2 8 284 ie ip 3 4 3 24 24 0 f f 1 f i SEE i 1 4 0 4 2 1 1 2 3 4 Position mm Y Position mm E 2D Display 1 Figure 31 Power Density when Axis X Profile 1 lower peak Axi
43. 4 142 2 106 1 af 0 8 0 5 24 23 g 49 56 1 142 106 5 06 0 1 142 2 106 0 9 0 9 0 2 0 4 24 23 10 49 57 1 141 6 106 7 04 0 2 142 1 106 1 08 0 8 0 5 0 6 24 23 1 49 58 1 141 3 107 2 0 2 0 4 142 106 3 0 8 0 9 0 6 0 9 25 23 Ea 49 59 3 142 1 105 4 08 1 8 142 106 2 08 0 9 0 1 0 8 25 23 13 50 00 4 140 7 105 1 14 0 3 141 9 106 1 0 8 0 9 i og 3 23 14 50 01 1 Period Ended 15 50 01 1 Summary 141 9 106 1 08 0 9 3 23 16 17 18 50 01 1 New Period 19 50 01 0 142 4 105 2 D 0 142 4 105 2 D 0 it it 0 Lt 20 50 02 2 143 1 105 8 07 0 7 142 7 105 5 0 5 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 7 0 7 24 50 03 2 141 8 105 6 13 0 2 142 4 105 5 0 7 0 3 06 01 1 3 07 22 50 04 3 143 104 5 1 2 1 1 142 6 105 3 06 06 0 5 0 8 13 13 23 50 05 4 143 8 107 7 0 7 3 2 142 8 105 7 07 12 0 9 19 1 9 32 24 50 06 5 141 8 106 2 1 9 1 5 142 7 105 8 0 8 A 0 8 03 19 32 25 50 07 6 141 105 7 0 9 0 5 142 4 105 8 1 1 14 O41 28 a2 26 50 08 6 141 8 105 7 08 0 142 3 105 8 09 og 0 6 0 1 28 3 2 27 50 09 6 143 2 106 6 15 0 9 142 4 105 9 0 9 0 9 0 8 0 8 28 32 28 50 11 1 Period Ended 29 50 11 1 Summary 142 4 105 9 0 9 0 9 28 3 2 Figure 52 BeamWander Log file partial section of the file 121 The 3D Display BeamStar FX User Guide 14 14 1 The 3D Display The BeamStar FX output includes a 3D display of the beam The 3D display parameters are adjustable by the user but it is best to leave most of them at their default values Showing a 3D Display To show a 3D display 1 Ifa3D displa
44. 44 12 697 Waist Location mm 66 07 6299 o1 Rayleigh Range mm 7 37 Li M Overall Parameters 0 054 i Wavelength nm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 FocalLength mm X Red Z Pasition mm Y Blue E AA mo Gather 1 Move camera to a new location Clear 2 Adjust filters as necessary 3 Enter Camera Position M Current Measurement 4 Enter number of filters in use E 5 Press Store to save the reading TEA Ai ae mm 6 Repeat until at least 5 measurements have been made close to the Cesas tsat 3 Beam Waist within the inner lines of the graph and 5 in the Far Field Z ocation mm 59 80 beyond the outer lines on the graph 7 Non Compliance warning in Results panel will be removed when all ISO requirements have been fulfilled IV Show Current Measurement Beam Width mm 0 109 0 094 Note Camera Position is the distance between the front surface of the camera housing and Std Dey 0 000 0 000 the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens Store Skip Undo Help Detailed Help Theory of Operation Definitions Print Figure 62 M Display Panel Measurement Graph The Measurement Graph see example in following figure displays the X and Y Beam Widths vs Z Position Markers are shown where the measurements were actually made The results of the Curve Fitting algorithm are displayed as well X is displayed in red and Y in blue A large dot marks the Artificial Waist Location 152 BeamSt
45. 8 BeamStar FX User Guide Optical Accessories 20 7 Figure 72 UV Converter Figure 73 BeamStar with UV Converter mounted on 4X Expander 355nm Filter P N SPZ08246 The Spectral range of the BeamStar FX 50 and FX 33 series extends down to 350nm Therefore it should be possible to measure the third harmonic of YAG laser at 355nm However most Q switched frequency multiplied YAG lasers when set to 355nm do not emit only 355nm but also some remnants of 532nm and 1064nm Since the BeamStar FX cameras are much more sensitive to longer wavelengths than to shorter ones it is virtually impossible to see the 355nm beam profile without it being swamped by the other wavelengths Ophir therefore offers a special filter which transmits most 355nm radiation but almost completely blocks 532nm and 1064nm radiation This filter can be mounted on top of the standard filters described above It is distinguished by its green casing 169 BA500 BeamStar FX User Guide 21 BA500 Figure 74 BA500 Industrial Laser Beam Analyzer The BA500 P N SP186007 SP186008 is an integrated measurement system It couples the beam profiling capabilities of the BeamStar with the power energy and temporal pulse shape measurement capabilities of Ophir s RP heads Full functionality of the BA500 is described in the BA500 User Manual that is included in the packing contents of the BA500 This chapter describes how to configure the Beam
46. CSV file or fixed column text file Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the 1D Top Hat Display 11 1 Zooming a 1D Top Hat Fit Graph To zoom a 1D Top Hat Fit Graph 1 Place the mouse at the edge of the zoom area 2 Click the right mouse button A black line is drawn to mark that edge of the zoom area 3 Drag the mouse to the other edge of the zoom area 101 1D Top Hat Fit BeamStar FX User Guide A second black line will follow the mouse movement 4 Release the right mouse button The 1D Top Hat display will be zoomed in on the area between the two lines 5 To unzoom press the Unzoom button on the appropriate Control Tab in the Control Panel 102 BeamStar FX User Guide Report Generator 12 Report Generator The Report Generator tool generates a formatted file describing the performance of the laser under test Reports can be generated in Text only Graphic only or mixed text and graphic formats There are two methods to start the Generator e Click its icon Bl e Select the feature from File gt Generator Report BeamStar Report Generator Notes Report Type Format Full C Text only Graphic only MHT format Mixed MHT format Pass Fail I Include Ca
47. Camera Format Page ccccccceeeesscceeeeesceeeteeesaeeeeseeaes 23 4 1 1 Optical Scale Factor sxcntetccrnddediadenatanens 23 4 1 2 Video Format cccceceeecceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 24 41 37 WBNS nirre eer EEE S OEE EEAS 25 Contents BeamStar FX User Guide 4 1 4 Frame Rate secciocec ea aeaienienteemnacstedtencineaetade 25 4 2 Trigger OCS 1a sic sles a tes nails tals cles Lia hs ee edna cae ae aes 25 4 2 1 Trigger Edge Option ccccccccesssseeeceneeeeeeeeeeees 26 4227 121 10 en ne OS pte Peer ee 26 42 3 Ext rnal Tiggo ecnin niani 26 4 2 4 Ophir Photodiode Trigger OPT c eeee 26 4 2 5 PROS OOTUNG ara ss tet cette Yak Bcheederessiyesncecealagseendens 27 42 6 Tniggeroutputsis ccc iiieetcntcsaahediesteeg eats 28 4 3 Camera Exposure scsi ccesteecccescednccieeseita entation ecgedceeaneaee 29 4 3 1 Electronic Shutter suns ete hanes edatagiine 29 4 3 2 Preamp Gain 00 cece eeeeeeeeeeeenceeeeeestaeeeeeees 29 43 3 Dark Level iriiria eda 30 AA Noise Control ssessssssseseeesseeresserrnrerennnrssrtrrssrrrnnnrennnnesene 30 5 Setup for Measurements ccccssessseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeees 32 5 1 Trigger Mode Selection Guide eccceeeeceeeeeeseeeeees 32 5 2 Internal Trigger CW Mode cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 32 5 2 1 Optical Accessories setup ccceeeeeeeeeeees 33 5 2 2 Camera Format 2inccmunr iain waladautnuat 33 5 2 3 Camera Exposure
48. Cancel 6 Respond appropriately to the dialogs boxes that appear regarding program location etc When the software installation finishes it places on the desktop a shortcut icon that is used to start BeamStar Firewalls Microsoft Windows puts up a Firewall as a security measure to protect the user s PC The BeamStar installation process sets the BeamStar application oobsmain exe as an exception to the Firewall allowing it to act as an Automation Server see Automation page 163 thereby allowing traffic on port 15113 and enabling Client applications to access the BeamStar If you get a warning message from the firewall when running BeamStar then click on the unlock button to avoid getting this message again 20 BeamStar FX User Guide Software Installation and Camera Registration Windows Firewall S x General Exceptions Advanced Windows Firewall is blocking incoming network connections except for the programs and services selected below Adding exceptions allows some programs to work better but might increase your security risk Programs and Services Name File and Printer Sharing Internet Explorer oobsmain exe CO Remote Assistance O Remote Desktop UPnP Framework Add Program Add Port Edit Delete IV Display a notification when Windows Firewall blocks a program What are the risks of allowing exceptions If you are using a third party firewall such as Zone Ala
49. N SPZ17026 can be mounted at right angles on the previously mounted beam splitters The spectral range of the beam splitters is 190nm to 2500nm Figure 67 BeamStar camera with two Beam Splitters mounted 4X Beam Reducer P N SPZ17017 An imaging assembly that is mounted onto the BeamStar camera the Beam Reducer images the laser beam as it appears at the plane 30cm in front of the reducer onto the CCD while at the same time reducing the size by a factor of four This enables measurement of laser beams up to 24x18mm with the BeamStar FX50 camera The spectral range of the Beam Reducer is 360nm to 1100nm Figure 68 BeamStar Camera with 4X Beam Reducer 166 BeamStar FX User Guide Optical Accessories 20 5 20 6 Beam reduction causes the power density to increase by a factor of 16 Therefore Ophir provides special filters P N SPZ08240 and beam splitter P N SPZ17018 to be placed between the laser source and the Beam Reducer 4X Beam Expander P N SPZ17022 An imaging assembly that is mounted onto the BeamStar camera the Beam Expander images the beam as it appears 8mm in front of the expander onto the CCD while at the same time enlarging it by a factor of four This enables measurement of very small laser spots Used with an FX 50 this gives an effective resolution of 2 or 3 microns It is recommended for converging and diverging beams but may have interference effects for very parallel beams The spectr
50. OPHIR Laser Beam Diagnostics Laser Measurement Group P Member of the Ophir Group BEAMSTAR FX Laser Beam Profilers USER MANUAL OPHIR SPIRICON INC www ophir spiricon com BeamStar FX User Guide Contents Contents 1 Getting StAMO vrtissusestintiinshinteanseietinaptintieantdabineubsedininadand 10 1 1 Manual OVGIWIGWiaiiertesccdeiincuecennuune ke dcterriucedinewnels 10 1 2 System Requirement cccccceecescceeeesseeeeeeeesseeeeeseeees 10 2 System COMPONENMS ccccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeees 12 2 1 Camera Types wcities uteteccecatecciteaciteateldieedacsedeue decgeetieess 12 2 1 1 USB cameras inisip eiiiai eii Slang seas 12 2 1 2 Firewire FX cameras sssssssssseesrerrrerrreereererens 12 2 2 Connecting a camera casescscanet sddceteserter ees nstde lecduotenmbereunas 13 2 2 1 USB Camera E 13 2 2 2 Firewire FX cameras ececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 2 3 Optical Accessories ii iac c8ecccdecsstendheeeebeadesstbaresdesasta cnseiertes 16 2 3 1 PINGS sess cas a Mande dees EERE EEEE 16 2 3 2 Other Optical AcceSsories c cccceeeeeeeeee 16 3 Software Installation and Camera Registration 18 3 1 Software Installation ccc eeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeenaeeees 18 3 1 1 Firewalls reida A a A SEEE 20 3 2 Camera Registration for FX Cameras ssccccceeeeeeees 21 4 Camera Configuration Controls cccccccccccceceeeeeees 23 4 1
51. P camera FX camera Trigger Trigger BeamStar Photodiode Accessory BeamStar Photodiode Accessory External Trigger Risinc Edge External Trigger Risinc Edge Pre Trigger 1 5 ms Delay l Pre Trigger 1 5 ms I Trigger Output 0H usec Trigger Output Camera Exposure As Preamp Gain increases not only the intensity of the signal from the laser but also the intensity of electronic noise it is preferable to keep it as low as possible while still getting a high signal at the laser beam s beak Therefore the suggested method of raising the level of the signal is as follows e Set the Electronic Shutter to be open as long as possible e Ifthe Electronic Shutter is at the top of its scale raise the Preamp Gain e Ifthe Gain becomes greater than 50 or so of full scale remove a filter if possible e Ifthe Gain is close to the minimum and the signal is still saturated add an additional filter In CW mode BeamStar sets the Electronic Shutter Preamp Gain and Dark Level controls to Auto mode It automatically drives the Electronic Shutter as high as necessary and keeps the Preamp Gain as low as possible to ensure a good signal from the camera Saving settings If you intend to make measurements in the future similar to the ones you are planning to make now you can select from two options to have these measurement settings loaded the next time BeamStar starts Refer to Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50
52. Star application and camera parts of the BA500 It also lists and explains the use of Optical Accessories page 164 that are included in the BA500 assembly 170 BeamStar FX User Guide BA500 21 1 21 1 1 21 1 2 21 1 3 BeamStar Accessories in the BA500 Beam spiltters Photo tngger RP photodiode Attenuators sensor unt Ophir L1500W LP RP powertenergy temporal profile meter BeamStar FX beam ler unk Temporal profile BNC ouput to oscifoscope Figure 75 BA500 components Cameras Each BA500 comes equipped with either a standard a SP503U or with an FX50 BC102 camera Beam Splitters In order to measure high powered industrial lasers the laser beam must be attenuated significantly The BA500 assembly includes three Beam Splitters thereby causing an 8000 1 reduction in laser power intensity Optical Photodiode Trigger An Optical Photodiode Trigger OPT is included in the BA500 to enable synching on pulsed lasers See Ophir Photodiode Trigger 171 BA500 BeamStar FX User Guide 21 1 4 21 1 5 21 2 21 2 1 OPT page 26 for details on triggering measurements with the OPT Variable Attenuator There is no access to the camera s aperture from outside the BAS500 Therefore to allow filter attenuation the BA500 is equipped with a built in Variable Attenuator P N SPZ17012 An instruction label is attached under the adjustment rods of the Variable Attenuator explai
53. Subtract 360 5 Power Density n 360 4 649e 004 Wicrm 2 6 1 3 5 7 9 7 1 368 408 328 368 360 8 3 416 416 360 360 400 M4 gt bI 50 ViewArea Ey 50 ROI csy A C D Z F 1_ Pixel Width 0 0074 mm 2 Pixel Height 0 0074 mm 3 Power Density Multiply by 4 65E 04 Wicm 2 4 Dark Level Subtract 360 5 Power Density n 360 4 649e 004 Wicm 2 6 252 253 254 255 7 172 928 1088 960 896 8 173 1056 992 1152 1056 ld 4 gt Pih 50 ROI 50 FullFrame csy A C D E E 1 Pixel Width 0 0074 mm 2 Pixel Height 0 0074 mm 3 Power Density Multiply by 4 65E 04 VWicm 2 4 Dark Level Subtract 360 5 Power Density n 360 4 649e 004 Wicm 2 6 0 1 2 3 4 i 0 384 384 480 416 320 8 1 384 320 362 384 352 Figure 22 50 examples of View Area ROI and Full Frame 67 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide 8 Numerical Values BeamStar provides comprehensive numerical analysis routines to characterize the beam Refer to Table 3 page 70 for an explanation All numerical analyses use the full data complement of the frame s and are not limited to the data being displayed in a 2D or 3D window To perform calculations on a reduced set of data use the feature Region of Interest page 133 Readout values can be normalized to follow the actual total power of the laser beam Refer to Total Power page 72 The analysis can be based using DefaultX Y or Beam Axis mode see Major Minor Axes page 140
54. al range of the Beam Expander is 360nm to 1100nm Figure 69 BeamStar Camera with 4X Beam Expander A fiber adapter bracket P N SPG01649 is available to ensure proper mounting and measurement of fiber adapters with the Beam Expander BeamStar UV Converters BeamStar cameras are not sensitive to UV light However Ophir provides accessories that allow measurement of UV laser beams with standard BeamStar cameras The UV beam falls on a fluorescent plate and fluoresces in the visible spectrum range The fluorescent plate is transparent to the 167 Optical Accessories BeamStar FX User Guide 20 6 1 20 6 2 20 6 3 visible light but not to the UV therefore only the light which is converted from UV to visible is transmitted This technology converts the spectral range of the BeamStar cameras from 190nm to 350nm BeamStar U 4x reducing P N SPZ17024 UV Converter that also acts as a 4X Beam Reducer Figure 70 BeamStar with BeamStar U V1 Converter Reducer A Beam Splitter P N SPZ17007 that can be mounted directly on the BeamStar U V1 is also available BeamStar U 1X P N SPZ17023 UV Converter with no reduction expansion Figure 71 BeamStar with BeamStar U 1X Converter If beam splitting is necessary this can be done with the standard P N SPZ17015 Beam Splitter described above BeamStar UV Converter P N SPZ17019 Special UV converter plate for use with the 4X Beam Expander P N SPZ17022 16
55. also described in Camera Types page 12 The video format is managed from the Camera Format page e The SP620U has a fixed video format of 1 1 8 1600x1200 pixels 24 BeamStar FX User Guide Camera Configuration Controls 4 1 3 4 1 4 4 2 e The SP503U and FX 50 have a fixed video format of 1 2 640x480 pixels e The FX 33 has a fixed video format of 1 3 in 640x480 pixels e The FX33HD has a fixed video format of 1 3 in 1024x768 pixels Bits Two bit settings are available e USB modes are 12 bit or 8 bit e FX modes are 10 bit or 8 bit 12 bit and 10 bit modes provide higher numeric resolution and are therefore the preferred settings However if the computer is low on CPU resources or if time is a factor select 8 bit mode Frame Rate The Frame Rate sets the camera s rate of measurement Note Although the PC gathers frames of data at this rate or close to it as displayed in the Grab Rate the BeamStar may update its display at a slower rate as displayed in the Display Rate depending on the set of display windows that are open at the time Trigger Modes The BeamStar camera supports an extensive set of external trigger options thereby enabling synching measurements with a pulsed laser Note Trigger options are available with both our USB and Firewire line of cameras 25 Camera Configuration Controls BeamStar FX User Guide 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 gt
56. amStar continues to use that location However for the next logging event BeamStar returns to using the default filename format and increments the last digit of the default name by one ES A TY TA RT ST RC TT TP 1 Time Frame Number Total Power Peak Power Density Centroid Location Peak Location 4 Sigma 2 x Y X Y xX Y a mW Wicm 2 mm mm mm mm mm mm 4 04 11 1 4847 542 02 11 357 0 13432 0 09825 1 08405 0 54945 3 7694 3 31325 04 07 3 4809 551 94 12 639 0 13823 0 1127 1 10385 0 42075 3 83922 3 27194 6 04 07 5 4811 542 02 11 357 0 13432 0 09825 1 08405 0 54945 3 7694 3 31325 zZ 04 08 1 4817 551 94 12 639 0 13823 0 1127 1 10385 0 42075 3 83922 3 27194 8 04 08 7 4923 542 02 11 357 0 13432__ 0 09825 1 08405 0 54945 3 7694 3 31325 04 09 3 4829 551 94 12 639 0 13823 0 1127_ 1 10385 0 42075 3 83922 3 27194 10 04 09 5 4831 542 02 11 357 0 13432 0 09825 1 08405 0 54945 3 7694 3 31325 11 04 09 7 4833 551 94 12 639 0 13823 0 1127 1 10385 0 42075 3 83922 3 27194 12 04 10 0 4836 516 61 11 584 0 10545 0 10949 1 00485 0 51975 3 68942 3 28136 13 04 10 2 4838 567 9 12 132 0 15108 0 11486 1 01475 0 51975 3 82326 3 27593 14 0410 4 4840 516 61 11 584 0 10545 0 10949 1 00485 0 51975 3 68942 3 28136 15 04 10 7 4843 542 02 11 357 0 13432 0 09825 1 08405 0 54945 3 7694 3 31325 16 04 10 8 4844 516 61 11 584 0 10545 0 10949 1 00485 0 51975 3 68942 3 28136 AZ 04 11 0 4846 567 9 12 132 0 15108
57. anation Sets the resolution and size of the picture in the display window see page 57 AlignXY Cursors Sets the position of the two axis parallel lines in the picture see page 60 These lines will set the slice that is shown in Profile displays see Profile Graphs page 81 Markers Marks specified features in the picture see Markers page 60 Freeze UnFreeze Toggles on off updating of the 2D display Cursor movement is still active in Freeze mode Thus slices can still be chosen for Profile displays Save Saves the displayed picture in a graphic format or in CSV comma separated value file format see page 65 Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the 2D Display Note Once BeamStar has recognized the attached camera it automatically displays the 2D and 3D displays unless startup options are in use Zoom The 2D Display can be reduced to as little as 12 5 of the original display 6 25 for FX 33 HD and can be expanded up to 1600 To reduce expand the original display click the Zoom drop down menu and choose the size desired You may then resize the window automatically or manually To resize automatically click Resize Window To resize manually drag the cor
58. and the slider moves to a speed of 3ms Keep present Shutter setting After entering Camera Format and selecting External Trigger the Auto option of Electronic Shutter remains at the Auto setting If desired you can clear Auto and move the slide to another value After selecting External Trigger the slide position speed is maintained 42 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 4 6 5 5 5 5 1 Saving settings If you intend to make measurements in the future similar to the ones you are planning to make now you can select from two options to have these measurement settings loaded the next time BeamStar starts Refer to Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50 Improving the Signal The BeamStar application provides features for measuring and improving the signal quality of the camera Background Subtraction One type of noise that may affect the accuracy of measurements is background noise This could be for example ambient light in the room in which the laser is being tested When background noise is present you can subtract the background noise to improve the accuracy of any camera To subtract the background noise 1 Select the Auto exposure checkboxes to set the Gain and Shutter setting If performing exposure manually utilize the maximum Shutter setting before increasing the Gain so that the spot image is just below saturation indicating the peak is almost white 2 After the settin
59. andard Windows Save As dialog box opens 3 Navigate to the folder where you want to save the file 65 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide 4 In Save as type select the type of file as follows Fora graphic file select a bmp png gif jpg ortiff format The graphic file saves the complete display picture and border in the format you select The picture in Figure 18 page 61 is an example Fora CSV file select either Viewed Area or Full Frame View Area Saves the points displayed based on the Zoom settings Full Frame Saves the points in the entire data in the frame Region of Saves the points in the area bounded by the Interest ROI box see Region of Interest page 133 ROD 5 Click Save to complete saving the file or click Cancel to abort the operation 7 5 1 CSV examples Saving data to a CSV file saves the raw pixel data as measured by the camera This is useful for users that want to perform independent in house analyses on the data The examples below show a partial view of the CSV files saved for a 2D Display set at 50 using the three available options View Area Full Frame and ROI Note The default language of any CSV file is the same as that of the local computer 66 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display 50 ViewArea cs A B C D E F 1 Pixel Width 2 0 0074 mm 2 Pixel Height 2 0 0074 mm 3 Power Density Multiply by 4 65E 04 W cm 4 Dark Level
60. ar FX User Guide M M Squared 0 4 0 355 Pa N a a I i Beam Width mm a I 01 5 0 05 l mm l l 1 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 X Red Z Pasition mm Y Blue Figure 63 Measurement Graph X and Y Beam Widths vs Z Position This graph includes vertical Rayleigh Range markers as well The markers closest to the Waists are one Rayleigh Range away from the Waists At least five measurements must be within these markers in order to be compliant with ISO 11146 The markers that are further away are two Rayleigh Ranges away from the Beam Waists At least five measurements must be beyond these markers Far Field measurements in order to be compliant with ISO 11146 M Results Panel The Results Panel see example in following figure contains the final M results These are calculated based on the curve fitting applied to the measurements made on the laser beam in the area of the Artificial Waist 153 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide NM Results x T M 1 0362 1 0422 Divergence mrad 4028 3 699 Waist Width mm 0 207 0 227 Waist Location mm 66 42 110 64 Rayleigh Range mm 51 45 61 37 Angle of Rotation deg 25 1 If minimum ISO 11146 measurement requirements have not been met a non compliance warning will be displayed in this panel Curve Fitting Results panel The Curve Fitting Results see example in following figure are the results of applying
61. b 2 Set BeamStar to a non fluctuating source or to no source at all 3 Click GO on the Measure SNR box After several seconds the result will appear Note An SNR of 60dB is equivalent to a dynamic range of 1000 1 or 10 bits an SNR of 50dB is equivalent to 316 1 or 8 3 bits and so on Note The SNR may not give correct results when the camera is set to 8 bits The reported SNR may show higher than it actually due to the fact that there is not enough resolution at the low end to show the true noise level 46 BeamStar FX User Guide BeamStar Operation Basics 6 BeamStar Operation Basics 6 1 Default Startup With the camera active when you start the BeamStar program you will see a display similar to that of Figure 11 below This is the default startup with a working camera provided you have not already selected any of the startup options described in Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50 Jor Spay D ek Fiprotie Graph Video 20 Disclay 1 Frofie Grach 1 na Mianericat Values 3 ox Profle Giph Nuanencal Values 1 30 Diagiay 1 Show Location Ponar N ETER f E F Tatal Power une limber m Candi 7 Peck Doray Total Power mw F Peak To Avensge Peak Pomes Doriy Wiem 3 95 Peak ToAverage 5 F A0 Krle Edge Wx Leceten FI 13 8 of Peak Y Cernod 1 50 Xot Pesk Pes FE r R Beam Wath F 2 Gaussian 4 Signa F 2D Tepe f 3010 Kr e Edze z j 125 of Pesk Pafe SOK of Pea Figure 1
62. e 4 1 Beam Expander To allow measurement of very small spots Refer to Optical Accessories page 164 for a short description of all optical accessories available from Ophir Software Installation and Camera Registration BeamStar FX User Guide 3 3 1 Software Installation and Camera Registration After completing the camera connection as described in System Components page 12 the BeamStar software and FX camera drivers can be installed Software Installation The installation of the BeamStar software follows a typical Windows installation During installation the program installs a hotfix for Windows XP if needed and a driver for the Firewire FX cameras The hotfix is a Microsoft product and the driver is digitally signed to be accepted by Windows Therefore you may safely respond OK in both cases when asked The Windows XP hotfix is needed if not previously installed to ensure correct operation of USB cameras Install the software without having a FX camera attached Drivers that are needed are loaded automatically from the installation CD The installation process checks e If Microsoft Net Framework 1 1 is already installed If not found click OK when this step occurs to install it This will take a few minutes to install e If Microsoft WindowsXP KB899271 v4 x86 ENU Hot Fix has been installed to update video drivers for USB connections If not found click OK when this step occurs to install it
63. e Profile using Cursors cceeeeeeeeee 87 9 2 SUM Profiler a ous eee 88 9 3 Line Profile on Major Minor AXeS sencese 89 9 4 Zooming a Profile Graph eccecceceeeseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 90 1D Gaussian Pit iciccssscstecsscesseusseusteuassusteuassesdeuassesteuadeuecens 91 10 1 Zooming a 1D Gaussian Fit Graph cc eeeeeeeteeeees 96 TD TOP Hats Pit wcsvvicinceseccenestccersnsterttenstisteastenstredteustacdiceans 97 11 1 Zooming a 1D Top Hat Fit Graph ee eeeeeeees 101 vi BeamStar FX User Guide Contents 12 13 14 15 16 17 Report GONGralOl isaac deswccatseancanuduassneiteavsievduaneuenaeaueaavs 103 Beam Wander citccetcctotesdctettedectutuccnutetecdeutetuceuutuddauteene 111 13 1 Micr radianS eis einn ae a e ed on a aaan te a 116 13 2 AutoScale Center and Decenter of the Beam Wander DEEE E A E T 117 DSS Log Dala ea eaae dune aA gale aol edie A a ates 119 The SD Display cicicccsscctscstsenssnceecdsacteendescdewetersdnesteandewene 122 14 1 Showing a 3D Display cise enctetsenqieh cet iadittiontonses 122 14 2 Mouse Keyboard control ecceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeees 125 Video Data Control iss ditciussescaigutisuaniutunseunetiscanivtonnsntedin 129 Region Of Interest wisiciciccicciisccsceiscndeccieisdsentaanencraewieaiee 133 16 1 Need for Region of Interest eccecceeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeees 133 16 2 Using Region of Interest 134 16 2 1 Activation from Icon or Add Pane
64. e Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Vista 32 bit version BeamStar FX User Guide Getting Started e 256 MB of memory for Win XP 1 GB for Win Vista e USB 2 0 for USB cameras OR e Firewire IEEE 1394 for FX cameras Interface cards are normally supplied with FX cameras requires free PCI or CardBus slot Note Camera drivers store settings in the Windows Registry Therefore when installing the BeamStar software or when inserting a camera for the first time the user must be logged in with Administrator Privileges Note If the host computer is using a firewall see Firewalls page 20 11 System Components BeamStar FX User Guide 2 System Components 2 1 Camera Types BeamStar supports a variety of cameras utilizing USB and Firewire connections For full details on each of these cameras refer to Specifications page 174 CAUTION BeamStar cameras are sensitive devices Please attenuate the intensity of the laser beam on the camera correctly Failure to do so can cause permanent damage to the camera 2 1 1 USB cameras SF spina e Internal name SP503U e Yin camera with window size 6 3 x 4 7mm e External Trigger option for use with pulsed lasers SP620U e Internal name SP620U e 1 1 8 in camera with window size 7 0 x 5 3mm e External Trigger option for use with pulsed lasers 2 1 2 Firewire FX cameras PR a O BeamStar FX 33 e Internal name BC101 e 1 3 in camera with window size 4 7
65. e of the camera or the laser controller The trigger should be about 1 microsecond minimum width Note If your pulses are shorter than 20 us it is recommended to select Pre Trigger also see Pre triggering page 24 Camera Format 1 Select either 12 bits or 8 bits for USB cameras or 10 bits or 8 bits for FX cameras Select a Frame Rate high enough to prevent capturing more than one pulse per frame Camera Exposure Electronic Shutter In External Trigger mode BeamStar puts the Electronic Shutter in manual control and sets it to 3 milliseconds This is good for most lasers To prevent BeamStar from changing the Electronic Shutter when selecting Trigger Mode see Trigger Mode Behavior page 37 If the laser under test has longer pulses increase the shutter time to slightly longer than the pulse width If the laser is pulsing rapidly you may have to decrease the shutter time or alternatively raise the Frame Rate of the camera 36 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements e Ifthe pulse is very short and the signal noisy you may have to decrease the shutter time Preamp Gain e BeamStar sets the Preamp Gain to Automatic mode As the Electronic Shutter is adjusted manually the Preamp Gain may fluctuate or become very high e If the picture fluctuates try turning off the Automatic mode and setting the Gain manually e Ifthe Gain level is close to maximum reduce the number of filters on t
66. e the beam 61 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide 7 4 EE 2D Display 1 DER 20 disptay 1 Ee Figure 19 Examples of Axis Peak Centroid x and 4c markers for DefaultXY left and Beam Axis right e Display Alignment Sets globally all of the display axes together to align either the XY axis or the major minor axis of the beam Distance Measurement The 2D display features a method to measure linear distances between any two user selected points and to draw a labeled line between them Distance results are shown in a separate window To measure linear distances 1 Move to the location in the display where you want the line to start 2 Right click the mouse and move the mouse to the display location where the line will end As you drag the mouse a dashed line is drawn to show you the progress 3 When you reach the final location right click the mouse again The dashed line becomes a solid line and a number appears near the starting location to identify the line 62 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display Sm 2D Display 1 Sees m Figure 20 2D display showing two distance measurement lines After the first line is drawn the 2D Display Distance Measurement window opens see Figure 21 page 64 and Table 2 page 65 63 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide HE 2D Display 1 Distance Measurement _Line Total Distance Endpoint Endpoint2_ DistanceX DistanceY
67. e will be an outlier measurement a measurement so obviously wrong that it should be discarded To undo first click the measurement in the graph This disables the Show Current Measurement check box and displays the questionable measurement Clicking Undo removes it and updates the graph as well The Undo button can also be used to undo the last result when performing preliminary stages of advanced M measurement Stage Sensitive Help panel The Stage Sensitive Help panel see the example in the following figure contains brief instructions on how to continue the M measurement process Contents of this panel are sensitive to the stage of measurement that the user has reached 157 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide This pane also contains links to various detailed explanations of M measurement Gather Move camera to a new location Adjust filters as necessary Enter Camera Position Enter number of filters in use Press Store to save the reading Repeat until at least 5 measurements have been made close to the Beam Waist within the inner lines of the graph and 5 in the Far Field beyond the outer lines on the graph 7 Non Compliance warning in Results panel will be removed when all ISO requirements have been fulfilled MoO wh Note Camera Position is the distance between the front surface of the camera housing and the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens Detailed Help Theory of Operation Definiti
68. eeze Save Print Video 2D Display 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 3D Display 1 Numerical Values 1 Show Location r Bower v V Centroid M x Total Power IV Peak Density M Peak V Y M Peak To Average m Beam Width V 4Sigma Aligned to Beam Axis 90 10 Knife Edge V Major 13 5 of Peak M Minor 50 of Peak IV Ellipticity 8 nergy IV Azimuth q m Log Data J Every update DataLogO001 csvy I 2D Top Hat I Pass Fail Freeze Save Print Stat Stop Add Hid Stat Stop Add Hid Figure 23 Numeric page DefaultXY left and Major Minor axis alignments HE Numerical Values 1 Frame Number Total Power mi Peak Power Density W cm 2 Peak To Average Ellipticity Location Centroid Peak Beam Width 4 Sigma 90 10 Knife Edge 13 5 of Peak 50 0 of Peak Dor HE Numerical Values 1 DoK Frame Number Total Power mw Peak Power Density W cm 2 Peak To Average Ellipticity Azimuth deg Location Centroid Peak Beam Width 4 Sigma 90 10 Knife Edge 13 5 of Peak 50 0 of Peak Figure 24 Numeric display DefaultXY left and Major Minor axis alignments 69 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide Table 3 Option Show Location Numerical Values options Explanation These options are available in both Axis Alignment methods Centroid Displays the coordinates of the calculated center of mass See Beam Width and Centroid page 146
69. ent file location or navigate to another and save the frames in memory as an oor file Note This is a default extension do not change d Default location is Samples in the BeamStar program path 4 To open a previously stored video file a Inthe menu bar select Source gt Open gt File b Navigate to the location and select the file BeamStar opens the file with the default displays Figure 11 page 47 130 BeamStar FX User Guide Video Data Control Table 10 Video Data Control options Option Playback Explanation Slide and Pointer Numbers indicates the first stopped Play blue font and last Buffer Frame respectively When not recording the slide Pointer can be manually moved to one of the captured frames Each stop is one frame of the number of Buffer Frames When in Stop mode recording or playback clicking on the blue number opens a field for selecting any frame within the available range Play Enabled when recording playing is stopped Displays the frames in memory from the first frame to the last frame If Continuous Play is selected Play will loop back to the first frame and continue Next Enabled when recording playing is stopped Next plays the next frame each time the button is clicked until the last frame is played If Continuous Play is selected Next steps forward to the first frame Stop Stops the display of the frames held in memory during a d
70. er When zooming above 100 the point value in the displayed picture will be by Interpolation between points created by Z 100 For example zooming to 200 means that the process interpolates between two points for each axis e by Decimation or Blocking for quicker display updates When zooming below 100 the points in the displayed picture will be by Decimation meaning that is skips points based on Z 100 For example zooming to 25 means that every fourth point is used on each axis See also CSV examples page 66 When zooming above 100 the points in the displayed picture will be by Blocking using a point value to build a block based on Z 100 For example zooming to 200 means that each pixel will be expanded into a block of 2x2 pixels Note The Zoom Factor of the 2D Display is visual only and has no effect on other displays and calculations To use a reduced data set in other displays use the Region of Interest page 133 Note The 2D Display Window is limited in size to 1600x1200 pixels If the Zoom Factor selected results in a display greater than 1600x1200 BeamStar will freeze the Display size The user will be able to navigate through the 2D Display using the scroll bars The Display Mode will be set to Blocking 59 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide 7 2 7 3 Cursor Alignment Cursor location determines the zero coordinates of Profile Graphs refer to page 81 if Aligned to C
71. er beam transmitted to the sensor One NG9 red casing P N SPZ08234 and two NG1O black casing P N SPZ08235 filters are provided with the BeamStar camera Additional filters can be ordered The NG9 filter transmits between 5 and 20 of the laser beam depending on its wavelength The NG1O filter transmits between 0 5 and 7 of the laser beam depending on its wavelength Both filters are 1mm thick 164 BeamStar FX User Guide Optical Accessories 20 2 20 3 Figure 65 BeamStar Camera with one red and two black filters Variable Attenuator P N SPZ17012 NG9 filter of varying thickness from 1 4 to 6 5mm This allows the user to vary the transmission over four orders of magnitude without the need to add and remove filters from the camera This is actually two wedge shaped filters in one housing The wedge shape helps reduce interference effects on the BeamStar measurements Figure 66 BeamStar Camera with Variable Attenuator Beam Splitters P N SPZ17015 SPZ17026 45 wedge beam splitter Each beam splitter reduces the intensity of the laser beam by approximately 20x1 Up to three beam splitters can be mounted thereby reducing the laser spot s power by 8000x1 165 Optical Accessories BeamStar FX User Guide 20 4 The first beam splitter P N SPZ17015 is mounted directly on the camera It can also be mounted on top of filters or the variable attenuator Additional beam splitters P
72. ers and keeping exposure and gain low but high enough to get a good signal Failure to do so can lead to erroneous measurements due to the CCD being saturated It can also cause damage to the CCD In the Far Field the spot size will be larger This can lead to a weak signal on the detector In such circumstances the exposure must be brought up and the attenuation reduced If the measurement is fluctuating at a given location this may be due to noise In such a case use the averaging feature of the Noise Control Panel refer to page 30 Glossary Below is an alphabetic list of technical terms used in this section 159 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide Artificial Waist Laser beam s minimum size when measured after being passed through a Focusing Element Back Focal Length Distance from the back edge of a Focusing Element to its Focal Point This is usually not the same distance as the Focal Length The manufacturer that supplies the Focusing Element usually lists both distances The Focal Length is the distance that is necessary for calculations However the Back Focal Length is much easier to physically measure Beam Divergence Tendency of a laser beam to expand in diameter as it moves away from its source Beam Width Also known as 40 beam width This is defined mathematically as being four times the square root of the second moment of the power distribution of the laser beam Camera Position The
73. fixes the center of the display area to be the coordinates of Mean Centroid Location values The axis limits are continuously updated to the minimum and maximum centroid values that were measured If selected disables Center and Decenter When cleared enables Center 114 BeamStar FX User Guide Beam Wander Option Microns Microradians Explanation Click the blue text to toggle to the other option Microns represent linear distances from the camera s center position Microradians represent angular distances from the center position see Microradians page 116 Browse button Enabled when Microradians is enabled Click to enter distance between the camera and the laser surfaces see Microradians page 116 Log Data Log Clicking resets the display information and starts the logging process Clearing terminates a logging at that instance Logging continues recording the passage of Periods until the Limit even if Freeze or Stop camera was initiated Type Log file is either CSV or text click the current type to select the other type File name and Browse button Click to change the location and or file name of the next logging file The default name is WL3100022_wxyz Type The numbers start at 0001 and are incremented by one each time the default name is used The button and the logging operation are similar to that of Numerical Values see Log Data page 72 in Tab
74. glossary for M 159 l Imaging Lenses 172 improving signal 43 installation software 18 internal trigger 32 L Line Profile 81 85 on Major Minor Axes 89 log data Beam Wander 119 Numerical Values 78 M M SquaredM 145 M M Squared 145 glossary 159 Theory of Operation 145 Major Minor Axes 140 Axis Alignment Control 141 effect on displays and calculations 141 reference axes 140 Markers 2D Display 60 measurement of distance 2D Display 62 measurements setup for 32 microradians Beam Wander 116 N noise frame averaging 44 measuring signal to noise ratio 45 subtracting a reference 45 Noise Control 30 Numerical Values 68 2D Gaussian 75 2D Top Hat 75 178 BeamStar FX User Guide Index beam width 73 log data 78 options 70 Pass Fail 76 Total Power 72 O ooi files start up 52 operation basics 47 Ophir Photodiode OPT trigger 26 characteristics 26 operating 39 40 Ophir photodiode trigger 39 optical accessories 16 164 setup 33 35 Optical Photodiode Trigger 171 Optical Scale Factor 23 overview 10 P Pass Fail 1D Top Hat Fit 99 Numerical Values 76 photodiode trigger 26 characteristics 26 operating 39 40 Preamp Gain 29 pre triggering 27 profile XY line 87 Profile Graphs 81 Line display 85 86 87 Line Profile 81 85 on Major Minor Axes 89 options 83 page 82 Sum display 89 Sum Profile 81 88 XY Line display 88 zooming 90 R refere
75. gs have reached their values clear the Auto checkboxes to fix the settings at those levels 3 In the tool bar click the icon for background subtraction 43 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide BeamStar Source Tools Window Block the laser beam Now unblock the beam x Zero the Background Figure 10 Background subtraction icon and block unblock messages for external triggering Block the laser when requested by the program Click OK When background subtraction is completed unblock the laser as instructed and click OK Note This procedure is effective for a particular set exposure level Any changes in the exposure settings require a re run of the Background Subtraction procedure Note In general use the icon on the toolbar to perform background subtraction and not the Subtract Reference feature 5 5 2 Frame Averaging Another cause of inaccuracy is electronic noise The camera itself may generate noise especially at very high gains Pixels are digital in nature and therefore introduce quantization noise You can eliminate some of this random noise by averaging To eliminate random noise by averaging 1 In the Control Panel page click the Noise Control tab In Average Frames do the following a Select Averaging b Select the number of frames to average over 44 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 5 3 5 5 4 BeamStar will present
76. he Y Line Profile is plotted in green Options for Align to are set to Peak EE A20 Disi XY Line Profile 14 hA Sd 104 2 amp 65 a 1 i ieee i f 4 2 2 4 E Position mm Figure 33 XY Line Profile example Sum Profile Figure 34 page 89 shows the sum profile of the same beam Note that this profile is smoother since it is a sum which smoothes out irregularities in the beam For a Sum Profile Align to options are disabled which is why the cursors have no effect on the two Position axes 88 BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graphs 2 HBl Profile Graph 2 d Horizontal Sum Profile lol x 8 Profile Graph 1 lol x Vertical Sum Profile Power Density W cm ee o a 1 in Power Density W cm S oa N o 1 a 1 Figure 34 Example of a 2D Sum Profile 9 3 Line Profile on Major Minor Axes An example of a Line Profile when Major Minor is selected is shown in Figure 35 page 89 8 Profile Graph 1 Major Line Profile er Density ii 4 0 1 Major Position mm fill2p Display 1 Figure 35 Example of a Line Profile on the Major Axis 89 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX User Guide 9 4 Zooming a Profile Graph To zoom a Profile Graph 1 Place the mouse at the edge of the zoom area 2 Click the right mouse button A black line is drawn to mark that edge of the zoo
77. he camera e If the picture is saturated increase the number of filters 5 3 5 Trigger Mode Behavior This behavior option tells the Electronic Shutter how to behave when entering the External Trigger mode You can set a startup option for the Trigger Mode by going to Tools gt Options from the Menu bar to open the General options tab page see Figure 8 page 38 37 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide General Log Default of peak _csv File Culture 2 C English US 0 50 0 of Peak Local Display Alignment MV Align all Displays to Default XY C Beam Axis StartUp Start application with last settings Trigger Mode Behaviour When entering external Trigger Mode Set Shutter to 3mS C Keep present Shutter setting Figure 8 Setting a startup option for Trigger Mode Behaviour Each example below started with the Camera Exposure set to Auto Set Shutter to 3ms After entering Camera Format and selecting External Trigger the Auto option of Electronic Shutter is cleared and the slider moves to a speed of 3ms Keep present Shutter setting After entering Camera Format and selecting External Trigger the Auto option of Electronic Shutter remains at the Auto setting If desired you can clear Auto and move the slide to another value After selecting External Trigger the slide position speed is maintained 38 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 3 6 5 4 5
78. he laser light Figure 4 page 27 26 BeamStar FX User Guide Camera Configuration Controls N NO Photodiode Figure 4 Photodiode trigger with the SPO3U camera For some FX cameras and laser combinations the OPT can be mounted on the FX camera and connected to the BeamStar with the provided BNC cable Figure 5 page 27 The photodiode assembly can be swiveled for optimum reception of the trigger light Photodiode Figure 5 Photodiode trigger mounted on a FX camera and as stand alone 4 2 5 Pre triggering The pre trigger option is for short laser pulses 27 Camera Configuration Controls BeamStar FX User Guide 4 2 6 BeamStar FX cameras have an exclusive feature of pre triggering that can capture pulses no matter how short they are The Pre Trigger feature works by timing the trigger signals either from the laser electrical trigger out or from the photo trigger signal For example if the laser pulse rate is approximately constant the circuit can predict after two pulses when the next pulse will arrive It therefore can arrange to open the laser shutter before the pulse arrives Since it takes 10 us for the BeamStar FX shutter to open after the trigger signal it is recommended to use the Pre Trigger option when working with short pulsed lasers Some laser outputs already pre trigger and put out the trigger pulse before the laser pulse This should be taken into account when setting to p
79. hotodiode mounted on the camera mount it closer to the scattered or reflected laser light You may use the optional stand and a longer BNC to BNC cable if desired Click the Camera Format tab Select BeamStar Photodiode Accessory and External Trigger SP camera FX camera Trigger Trigger MV BeamStar Photodiode Accessory MV BeamStar Photodiode Accessory MV External Trigger F Pre Trigger 1 5 ms Delay Pre Trigger 1 5 ms r 0A usec Fallin Edge V External Trigger allin Edge Note If your pulses are shorter than 20 us then it is recommended to select Pre Trigger also see Pre triggering page 24 Camera Format 1 Select either 12 or 8 bits for USB cameras or 10 or 8 bits for FX cameras Select a Frame Rate high enough to prevent capturing more than one pulse in a frame Camera Exposure Electronic Shutter In External Trigger mode BeamStar puts the Electronic Shutter in manual control and sets it to 3 milliseconds This is good for most lasers To prevent BeamStar from changing the Electronic Shutter when selecting Trigger Mode see Trigger Mode Behavior page 41 40 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 4 5 e If the laser under test has longer pulses increase the shutter time to be slightly longer than the pulse width e Ifthe laser is pulsing rapidly you may have to decrease the shutter time or alternatively raise the Frame Rate of the camera
80. i y g 4000 1 or more 5000 1 or more 70dB 3000 1 or more 70dB 3000 1 or more moos i EEE 1 from 10 of Linearity with Hull scale 1 5 from 1 1 1 1 Wer 2 of full scale Accuracy of 2 for noise levels 2 for noise levels 2 for noise 2 for noise 2 for noise beam width lt 1 lt 1 levels lt 1 levels lt 1 levels lt 1 Up to 10Hz in 8 bit mode i 8 3Hz in 12 bit mode Up to 30 fps Slightly less E na pS 3 Up to 30 fps Slightly mR to Pe eats Frame rates slightly less when when synching with external slig Rese less when synching ae Mae synching with with external Shutter duration Gain control synching with external trigger From 1 frame rate down to 37 75uS Manual or automatic control trigger From 1 frame rate down to 62 25uS Manual or automatic control external trigger From 1 frame rate to 1 8000s Manual or continuous automatic control with external trigger From 1 frame rate to 1 8000s Manual or continuous automatic control trigger From 1 frame rate to 1 6000s Manual or continuous automatic control OdB to 29 4dB in 840 steps each step is 0 035dB Manual or automatic control dB to 32 6dB in 930 steps each step is 0 035dB Manual or automatic control OdB to 30dB in 800 steps each step is 0 035dB Manual or automatic control OdB to 30dB in 800 steps each step is 0 035dB Manual or automatic control OdB to 27dB in 700 steps
81. igger Output Optical Scaling Factor Optical Scaling Factor Beam Enlarged v Times 1 Beam Enlarged v Times 1 Display Rate 12 n se ada He ffe so aa e Figure 3 Camera Format Page for USB left and FX cameras 4 1 1 Optical Scale Factor The Optical Scale Factor offers adjustment of the displayed numerical results for an active camera when using beam reducers or 23 Camera Configuration Controls BeamStar FX User Guide expanders This adjustment can be set either collectively or individually for X and Y For a list of optical accessories that reduce or expand the beam spot see Optical Accessories page 16 Collectively Optical Scaling Factor Beam Enlarged Ad Times 1 Beam Enlarged x Beam Reduced Beam Enlarged X Beam Reduced X Add e When working with the 4x Beam Expander set the Optical Scaling Factor to Beam Enlarged and set Times to 4 e When working with the 4x Beam Reducer set the Optical Scaling Factor to Beam Reduced and set Times to 4 Individually Optical Scaling Factor Beam Enlarged X Times 1 Optical Scaling Factor l Beam Enlarged X Times 2 Beam Enlarged X F i Beam Enlarged Y Times 3 e To expand reduced X and Y individually set the Optical Scaling Factor to Beam Enlarge X Beam Reduced X The Times fields will open for X and Y Set Times to the values required for X and Y Video Format The video formats for the BeamStar cameras are
82. ints are averaged according to the Wire Density value View Determines the rotation and tilt of the display and sets the distance from the beam Values can be entered manually Otherwise the values refer to the default settings or to those set by the Mouse Keyboard operations Refer to Mouse Keyboard control page 125 Latitude Tilt Longitude Rotation Distance Default value is 1 1 Auto Selected returns Distance to 1 1 123 The 3D Display BeamStar FX User Guide Option Explanation Color Map Color format for the beam Click the existing format blue to select one of the following e Rainbow 1 e Color Spectrum e Gray Scale e None e Shaded Plot Area Color Sets the background color To choose a color click the adjacent current colored square which opens a standard Windows palette dialog Grid Plane Color Sets the Grid plane color To choose a color click the adjacent current colored square which opens a standard Windows palette dialog Center Locate the center in the display window Values may be entered manually Otherwise the values refer to the default settings or to those set by the Mouse Keyboard operations Refer to Mouse Keyboard control page 125 Plot Style Click the current style to select one of the following e Point e Line e LinePoint e HiddenLine e ContourLine e Surface e SurfaceLine e SurfaceContour e S
83. isplay that began by the Continuous Play Play or Rev buttons Prev Enabled when recording playing is stopped Prev plays the previous frame each time the button is clicked until the first frame is played If Continuous Play is selected Prev loops back to the last frame Rev Enabled when recording playing is stopped Displays the frames in memory from the last frame to the first frame If Continuous Play is selected Rev loops back to the last frame and continues Continuous Play Enables Play Next Prev and Rev Playback Speed at Default 100 Rate at which the Play and Rev continuously play back frames in memory 131 Video Data Control BeamStar FX User Guide Option Explanation Frame Buffer Buffer Frames Default 10 Last number of frames kept in memory Number of Slide stops is equal to this number Each Frame Read only to show memory required per frame Occupies Total Memory Usage Sec Play Time Time displayed is Number of Frames Stored Camera Frame Rate at time of Recording Page Buttons Default Enabled when a camera is attached Resets Playback Speed and Buffer Frames to default values Save After recording with a camera saves the Buffer Frames to a location and name you specify Allows saving a video file to another location and or name Hide Me Closes the page Video playback and recording continues if previously started
84. ist For M purposes any location more than two Rayleigh Ranges from the Beam Waist is considered in the Far Field Ophir Solution Overview Different users will have different expectations from an M2 measurement system Manufacturers of large multi mode Y AG lasers will need a different optical setup than makers of small HeNe lasers One user may require greater accuracy at a higher price than another user who will be satisfied with a cheaper and less accurate system Ophir provides a software platform that can be used to build an M measurement system tailor made for a user s specific needs This software backbone is the same for everyone The customization is provided by the user 150 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared 18 2 2 The M Display The M Display see example in the following figure is comprised of the following components e Measurement Graph e M Results panel e Curve Fitting Results panel e Overall Parameters Setup panel e Current Measurement panel e Stage Sensitive Help 151 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide fiS Msquare E 5 xj 04 M Results x Y M 1 0362 1 0422 0 357 Divergence mrad 4028 3 699 Waist Width mm 0 207 0 227 03 4 Waist Location mm 66 42 110 64 Rayleigh Range mm 51 45 61 37 E Angle of Rotation deg 25 1 0 255 3 z 0 24 M Curve Fitting Results 2 x Y Waist Width mm 0 078 0 066 0 155 Divergence mrad 10 6
85. l 134 16 2 2 Changing parameters from Control Tab or 2D DiSPlay esee irinari ninnaa tate det ised k 135 16 2 3 Effect on 2D Display Profiles and Numeric PROS UNS ctor ceecez code es eneuesacs Yo aa a Aa iaia tia 136 Major Minor AXES 0ccccssesseeeeeseeneeeeenseeneeeeeneeeeeneeenes 140 17 1 Referente AXES rnicca Adasen 140 17 2 Effect on Displays and Calculations ceeeeeeeeeeees 141 17 2 1 2D Display with Major Minor Marker enabled 141 17 2 2 Numeric Results Aligned to Beam Axis 141 17 2 3 Profiles 1D Gaussian 1D Top Hat 141 17 3 Axis Alignment Control iicseciccesaissteadessisoeapestinteteeictie certs 141 vii Contents BeamStar FX User Guide 17 3 1 Setting all BeamStar Displays to one set of PROS ence a Mal ashae Ac tapea a A aeaa 142 17 3 2 Effect of Align All Displays on Control Tabs 143 18 M M SQuared sv iccccsinseiieserceiiivininniseweeiwisindvinsunsniwerininns 145 18 1 Theory of Operation sicscecciccekie is epee eaeeeassintencnielene 145 18 1 1 MV is M2 Xe 522s etna i cece ee a 145 181 2 MEU At OMN eannan aad ia 145 18 1 3 Beam Width and Centroid 0 eeeeees 146 18 1 4 Divergence Angle cc ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees 147 18 1 5 Waist Diameter s ccsscc2 icntheedawsdencpheanahe caesccieanetas 148 18 1 6 Practical Limitations ccs disd ect csadieaedce coe eeetees 148 18 1 7 Rayleigh Range ic iic ispii ite cienseki
86. le 3 page 70 Page Buttons Freeze Unfreeze Toggles on off updating of the Beam Wander display and the updating of information and calculations See also Log Data page 78 Save Saves the Beam Wander display as a graph in user selected format of bmp png gif jpg or tiff 115 Beam Wander BeamStar FX User Guide 13 1 Option Explanation Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Microradians BeamStar can also report the dispersion from the centroid mean location in microradians To use this feature the user must supply the linear distance between the camera s outer surface and that of the laser source The linear distance in meters is used in the following formula to calculate L the total distance to the camera s surface L Distance from Laser to Camera Surface Distance from Camera Surface to CCD Array 001 The first distance term is supplied by the user The second distance term is known for each camera Microradians equal X L where L is defined above and X is the distance in microns that the centroid moved across the camera To enter the distance 1 If Microradians is not selected click Microns to select it The adjacent browse button is enabled 2 Click the browse button The Distance dialog box opens
87. le Grid Save Show Location W Centroid V X Peak Vy Power I Total Power M Peak Density IV Peak To Average Beam Width M 4 Sigma Aligned to DefautxY M SO MOKnifeEdge M X IZ 13 5 of Peak WY Z 50 of Peak T Elipticty JE JE i Fit Log Dat C D Gaussian 7 I 2D Top Hat I Every update Datalog0003 csv Pass Fail a E Save Print Figure 42 Full Report with Graphics only 106 BeamStar FX User Guide Report Generator Graphic section sarne as Full with Graphics only Numeric Data Numerical Values 1 Frame Number 4509 Total Power mi 552 Peak Power Density Wem 12 6 Peak To Average 2 38 Location x Y Centroid mm 0 138 0 113 Peak mm 1 104 0 421 Beam Width x 4 Sigma mm 3 661 3 290 90 10 Knife Edge mm 4010 3 367 13 5 of Peak mm 3 653 3 138 50 0 of Peak mm 2 435 1 356 Camera Settings Video Format 640x480 Number of bits 10 Frame Rate fps 30 0 fps Shutter Time sec 0 0030625 Gain dB 9 90594573319914 Figure 43 Full Report with Text and Graphics showing only the Text 107 Report Generator BeamStar FX User Guide Pass Fail Report Date 18 05 2005 Time 18 03 22 Generated by BeamStar 1 10 Camera BC1O2 Notes Numerical Values 1 Results Total Power rita 552 Pass 4 Sigma nm 3 861 3 290 Fail Pass Video Format 40nd 80 Number of bits 10 Frame Rate fps 30 0 fps Shutter Time sec o 0030625 Gain dB 9
88. lication with last settings Trigger Mode Behaviour When entering external Trigger Mode Set Shutter to 3mS C Keep present Shutter setting Figure 13 Setting a startup option 2 Select the StartUp Start application with last settings check box This option remains active for every BeamStar session until you clear it in this dialog box Using OOI files This option lets you save various working displays BeamStar OOI files You can activate these OOI files during a BeamStar session or you can start BeamStar using the saved settings in these files The Next Session Startup feature is a special case in which BeamStar generates an OOI file automatically 52 BeamStar FX User Guide BeamStar Operation Basics Note The criteria selections for the Pass Fail option that is available in some of the numerical displays is also saved in the OOI files See Pass Fail page 76 for an example To save a working session 1 Verify that you have selected the displays and other features that you need 2 From the menu bar select File gt Save settings to A standard Windows Save As dialog box opens Save As 21x Save in ini e amp History Desktop My Documents a My Computer ao File name Mutiple 203 z My Network P Save as type BeamStar Settings o0i X Cancel Figure 14 Saving settings to an OOI file 3 Enter a descriptive name for the file and click Save
89. m Axis axes X DefaultXY When selected displays the numerical option results in the Numerical Values display for the X axis If not selected the entire X column is removed Y DefaultXY When selected displays the numerical option results in the Numerical Values display for the Y axis If not selected the entire Y column is removed Major Beam Axis When selected displays the numerical option results in the Numerical Values display for the Major axis If not selected the entire Major column is removed Minor Beam Axis When selected displays the numerical option results in the Numerical Values display for the Minor axis If not selected the entire Minor column is removed Ellipticity DefaultXY and Beam Axis Displays the ellipticity of the laser spot as Smaller Beam Width Larger Beam Width A perfectly circular beam has an ellipticity of 1 00 Azimuth Beam Axis Displays in degrees the angle of rotation between the laser beam s Major Axis and the camera s X Axis Power Total Power Total power in mW shown in blue in Numerical Values display This value can be normalized for known laser beam powers refer to Total Power page 72 Peak Density Peak density in watts cm 2 Peak to Average Result of Peak Height divided by Average where Average is the average of all the points that are at least 1 e 2 13 5 of the peak A perfect flat top beam ha
90. m area 3 Drag the mouse to the other edge of the zoom area A second black line is drawn to mark the mouse movement 4 Release the right mouse button The Line Profile zooms in on the area between the two lines 5 To unzoom click the Unzoom button on the appropriate Control Tab in the Control Panel 90 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Gaussian Fit 10 1D Gaussian Fit BeamStar calculates a best fit Gaussian of the beam Line or Sum profiles and provides a selectable readout of numerical information of the fit The user can also set pass fail criteria Multiple instances of the Gaussian fit can be executed with each instance having its own settings The Zoom Factor of the 2D Display does not affect the calculation or display of the 1D Gaussian fit To perform a 1D Gaussian fit on a reduced set of data use Region of Interest page 133 To display the beam data in a Gaussian fit 1 Click Add gt 1D Gaussian Fit A 1D Gaussian Fit page Figure 36 page 92 is added to Control Panel and the display window opens Figure 37 page 92 By default Line Profile and Axis X are selected The other options are selected for the example Refer to Table 6 page 100 for an explanation of the options 91 1D Gaussian Fit BeamStar FX User Guide ProfileT ype SO Line Profile xX Major Sum Profile CY Minor Align to Readout Cursors vow Centroid M 2
91. me That value will determine the overall exposure stability For example e Camera Shutter set to 33 milliseconds and Laser Rep Rate to 300 Hz Number of pulses per frame 10 1 Exposure Instability 10 32 BeamStar FX User Guide Setup for Measurements 5 2 1 5 2 2 Camera Shutter set to 33 milliseconds and Laser Rep Rate to 3000 Hz Number of pulses per frame 100 1 Exposure Instability 1 To improve overall exposure stability set the Shutter Opening to the largest possible setting without saturating the camera Optical Accessories setup 1 If required screw one or more of the supplied attenuating filters onto the camera see Filters page 16 If required and you have the optional Beam Splitter set up the device with the camera If measuring in the UV range and you have the optional UV converter set up the device with the camera If using either the beam reducer or expander set up the device with the camera and enter the appropriate configuration in the Optical Scale Factor page 23 on the Camera Format Page page 23 Start the laser Camera Format 1 Select either 12 bits or 8 bits for USB cameras or 10 bits or 8 bits for FX cameras For pulsed lasers select a Frame Rate high enough to prevent or minimize flickering of the 2D Display Clear all trigger options see following figure 33 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide 5 2 3 5 2 4 S
92. mera Settings V View Generated Report OK Cancel Figure 40 Report Generator dialog box 103 Include Camera Settings View Generated Report OK Cancel Report Generator BeamStar FX User Guide Table 7 Options of the Report Generator Option Explanation Notes Descriptive text entered by the user Report Type Full Includes all information from all Active Displays Pass Fail Includes information from Displays with enabled Pass Fail Test criteria Format With either Report Type Text only Generates report in ASCII text format Graphic only Generates a report that includes images of all Active MHT format Displays and their associated Control Panel Tab Pages The report can be opened with a Web browser Mixed MHT Generates report that includes images of all Active format Displays and their associated Control Panel tab pages A section with all readouts in a text based layout is included at the bottom of the report The report can be opened with any Web browser When checked camera settings are included in the report After clicking OK automatically opens either the Text file Notepad or the MHT Creates the performance file Closes the dialog box without any performance information being generated 104 BeamStar FX User Guide Report Generator Performance Report Date 18 05 2005 Time 18 06 45 Generated by BeamStar 1 10 Camera BC1O2 Notes Numerical Val
93. mouse down for a back to front rotation around the X Axis 127 The 3D Display BeamStar FX User Guide p S 3D Display 1 K Figure 54 3D with Grid YZ Projection and Surface Contour selected 128 BeamStar FX User Guide Video Data Control 15 Video Data Control The Video Data Control page lets you store play recorded camera output frames In recorder mode the last specified number of frames is kept in memory In playback mode frames can be played continuously or one at a time forward or in reverse between frames in memory 1 Ifthe Video Data Control page is not present click Add and click Video Data Control to add the page to the Control Panel form The page opens with default selections as shown in Figure 55 page 129 Refer to Table 10 page 131 for an explanation Control Panel File PulsedyaG4 Video 2D Display 1 Numerical Values 1 Playback 4809 4838 4848 Play Next Prev Rev Continuous Play Playback Speed at 100 Frame Buffer Buffer l Frames Each Frame Occupies 1457 kB Total Memory Usage 111 MB 0 sec Play Time Hide Me Figure 55 Video Data Control page 129 Video Data Control BeamStar FX User Guide 2 Ifa camera is attached when the page is added recording begins automatically and continues until either Stop button is clicked 3 To save the last group of frames a Click a Stop button b Click Save c Accept the curr
94. n the 2D Display will determine the results 6 In Readout select the desired options 7 Set Pass Fail options if desired a Click the browse button to open the dialog for setting criteria Note The maximum and minimum settings for a given option cannot be equal Top Hat Pass Fail Setup Minimum Maximum M Top Hat Fit M width Ji kkl kel kkl kel Ki kkl bl kk M Mean F Maximum M Minimum M Max Min Std Deviation M StdDev Mean Lll el kkl kkl kkl kk Inclination po LH o pt 2 5 2 b Click OK 99 1D Top Hat Fit BeamStar FX User Guide c Select the check box to activate The results in Figure 39 page 98 show that the Inclination value passes and the Minimum value fails Table 6 1D Top Hat page options Option Profile Type Align to Axis Readout Top hat fit Width or Height Mean Maximum Minimum Max Min Std Deviation Std Dev Mean Explanation Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Correlation between the ideal Top Hat as delineated by the blue lines horizontal green line and the actual profile You can optimize the top hat fit by dragging the blue lines back and forth with the mouse until the value is maximized Width of the
95. name The Log Settings Setup dialog box opens Log Settings Setup Log File Name B a C Program Files Ophir Optronics BeamStarkLoas wL3030477_0004 csv delat cat a Click Browse gt gt to open a standard Windows navigation dialog box to change the location and or file name The Log Settings Setup dialog box returns displaying your selection b Click OK to accept or Cancel to abort the change The selection appears in the Numerical Values page 6 Select the check box to enable the logging feature Figure 52 page 121 shows a partial section of a log file Although the Tracking Rate was set to 1 second the recorded interval times may vary due to system resources 120 BeamStar FX User Guide Beam Wander If you click the adjacent browse button and logging is enabled the Log Settings Setup dialog box opens indicating that you cannot make changes In such a case click Cancel A B Gi D E F G H 1 K K 7 M N 0 1 Time Centroid Distance from last Mean Std Dev Distance from mean Largest Point to Point Distance a x Y x Y x Y x id x Y X ne Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns Microns cr 49 50 7 142 3 105 4 D 0 142 3 105 4 i 0 D D 0 it Sy 49 51 9 141 8 105 5 0 5 0 1 142 1 105 5 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 5 0 1 6 49 52 9 143 8 107 4 1 9 1 9 142 7 106 1 4 qi 14 1 3 19 2 td 49 53 9 141 6 105 2 2 23 142 4 105 8 1 sul 08 0 8 2 2 23 8 49 55 0 141 4 106 4 0 2 1
96. nce axes 140 Refreshing the Camera Connection 21 Region of Interest 133 need for 133 using 134 Report Generator 103 S setup for measurements 32 signal improving 43 software installation 18 SP503U 12 SP620U 12 179 Index BeamStar FX User Guide Specifications 174 start up displays 47 Next session 51 using ooi files 52 startup customizing 50 default 47 Sum Profile 81 88 system components 12 system requirements 10 T Theory of Operation for M2 145 Top Hat 1D Profile Fit 97 Total Power 72 trigger external 26 35 external setup 35 internal 26 internal CW mode 32 Mode Selection Guide 32 Ophir photodiode 39 Ophir Photodiode OPT 26 characteristics 26 operating 39 40 output 28 photodiode 26 pre trigger 27 Trigger Edge option 26 Trigger Mode Behaviour 37 41 trigger modes 25 U USB camera types 12 connecting camera 13 icon 10 UV converters 17 V Variable Attenuator 172 Video Data Control 129 options 131 page 129 Video Format 24 X XY line profile using cursors 87 Z Zoom 57 zooming 1D Gaussian Fit Graphs 96 1D Top Hat Fit Graphs 101 Profile Graphs 90 BeamStar FX User Guide Index BeamStar FX User Manual Ophir P N 1J06037 31 January 2008 Rev 1 30 1 181
97. ners of the window to the desired size and use the sliders to position the picture where desired 57 The 2D Display BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graph 2 Numerical Values 1 3D Display 1 Video 2D Display 1 Profile Graph 1 Zoom 50 320x240 _v Color Mapping by Interpolation or Averaging c by Decimation or Blocking fe Resize Window fe r Markers Align XY Cursors Iv XY Cursors Manual X I Peak I Centroid x Y Profiles None 45 Beam Width Scale Grid None Help Freeze Save Print Control Panel File HeNe good g Cc C Add se See OF 20 Display 1 ile EE 2D Display 1 ET 20 Display 1 Zoom 50 320x240 v SE Figure 17 2D display control and resizing 1 original 50 2 zoom to 100 3 resize window Note A Zoom factor affects both axes Thus a zoom factor of 50 brings about a display of 1 4 the size of the CCD array A zoom factor of 200 creates a display 4 times the actual size of the CCD array BeamStar offers two methods of displaying the data when the Zoom Factor is other than 100 by Interpolation or Averaging for smoothing choppy displays 58 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display When zooming below 100 the points in the displayed picture will be by Averaging together points based on the Z 100 For example zooming to 25 means that a block of 4x4 pixels will be averaged togeth
98. ning how to maximize or minimize attenuation Imaging Lenses Industrial lasers may be as large as 10 s of mm In order to measure such large laser beams the BA500 is equipped with imaging lenses between the first two beam splitters in the picture above that image the laser beam as seen at the entrance window of the BAS500 onto the CCD while reducing it in size by a factor of seven BA500 Setup for Beam Profiling Physical Setup The following precautions must be taken when using the BA500 Failure to do so will result in erroneous measurements and may cause permanent damage to some or all components in the BA500 assembly e Remove the final focusing lens of the laser under test so that the emerging beam is parallel e Make sure that there is at least 542 140mm of clearance between the laser output and the table upon which the BA500 will be mounted e Connect a water source and set it to flow at a rate of at least 21 2 liters per minute 172 BeamStar FX User Guide BA500 21 2 2 BeamStar Setup e Set the Optical Scaling Factor to Beam Enlarged Times 7 see Optical Scale Factor page 23 e For CW or high frequency lasers see Internal Trigger CW Mode page 32 e To synch measurements on pulsed lasers see Ophir Photodiode Trigger page 39 e Too save the camera configuration see Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50 Note If your laser has a polarized beam the BeamStar may w
99. ntne cele 150 18 2 5 i eco 0 10 Cea emennrrenrer eer Per ne an reeae eRe enCEE Arr corre errs 150 18 21 CQVEIVIGW iensinr saans a ea Sede adie 150 18 2 2 The M Display sscececcecg cat asec neste Peake dee aldesd idendhenaets 151 18 2 3 Stages of Measurement eeeceeeeeeteeees 158 18 2 4 Attenuating the Laser Beam 159 18 3 Glossa a a a ere ges tr tend eed nedi EARE a 159 19 Automation wicciscccdeccicccdecciscntsccdssedecsiacndesndsendanndanndecaiecnds 163 20 Optical Accessories cccccccsseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 164 20 1 Transmission Filters P N SPZ08235 SPZ08234 164 20 2 Variable Attenuator P N SPZ17012 n se 165 20 3 Beam Splitters P N SPZ17015 SPZ17026 0 165 20 4 4X Beam Reducer P N SPZ1701 7 seses 166 20 5 4X Beam Expander P N SPZ17022 ceeceeeeeeeeeeees 167 viii BeamStar FX User Guide Contents 21 22 23 20 6 BeamStar UV Converters ccccccceeeeesseeeeeeseeeeeeeeenees 167 20 6 1 BeamStar U 4x reducing P N SPZ17024 168 20 6 2 BeamStar U 1X P N SPZ17023 eee 168 20 6 3 BeamStar UV Converter P N SPZ17019 168 20 7 355nm Filter P N SPZOS24 6 sic ccseutciecesscccedacbaiederapetenss 169 BA SOO 3 oisse csv esses cebecciescteac bead iouctead te sceadveusteaddoustecveuseoateus 170 21 1 BeamStar Accessories in the BA500 eeeeeeeee 171 2i Gamera Sneen aara e el aa EEES 171 21 1 2 Beam Split
100. of the signal 29 Camera Configuration Controls BeamStar FX User Guide 4 3 3 4 4 In addition to increasing the intensity of the signal from the laser a higher gain also increases the intensity of electronic noise Therefore the preferred method of increasing signal intensity is to increase the shutter time and to remove filters if possible Dark Level Dark Level is the numerical level of the pixel raw data that represents absolute dark BeamStar allows this value to be above zero thereby enabling noise to be equally distributed above and below the Dark Level Noise Control The Noise Control page lets the user process the laser signal to improve the quality of the measurements 30 BeamStar FX User Guide Camera Configuration Controls Control Panel Camera S N 3030477 A 2D Display 1 3D Display 1 Numerical Y alues 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise Control M Average Frames p Subtract Reference No Averaging oy Frames Acquire Reference Average 32 Frames pees Will take 2 1 sec Temporal SNR 0 0 dB Fixed Pattern Noise Spatial Filtering None Automatic Zero Off Hide Me Figure 7 Noise Control page Average Frames Reduces noise by averaging multiple frames of data Subtract Reference Allows analysis of the difference between the laser under test and a reference measurement Measure SNR Measures
101. ons 18 2 3 Stages of Measurement The following are the stages of the Ophir M Measurement 1 Setup of Overall Parameters This step must be performed before the M Measurement Process can begin 2 First Approximations Note This step is for advanced users only Most users should skip straight to the Gather Data step These are optional stages that allow the user to make a first order approximation of the following measurements Divergence Angle Beam Waist of X and Y 158 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared Rayleigh Range of X and Y Gathering Data This is the main measurement stage Although ISO 11146 demands at least ten measurements with half of them being close to the waist and the other half in the Far Field BeamStar will display results as soon as enough measurements have been made to apply curve fitting techniques These results should be seen as a rough estimate of M and as an indicator where to perform more measurements A disclaimer will be displayed stating Non ISO compliance until enough measurements have been gathered to meet the minimum ISO 11146 requirements 18 2 4 Attenuating the Laser Beam 18 3 In the course of an M measurement the power density on the camera in use will change drastically When the camera is close to the waist the spot will be small and the power density relatively high This will demand increased attenuation by a combination of filters or beam splitt
102. ontrol Average Frames m Subtract Reference No Averaging v F on Frames Acquire Reference Average 2 Frames Will take 2 1 sec Go Spatial Filtering None Automatic Zero Off Hide Me Measure SHA Temporal SNR oode Fixed Pattern Noise 0 0 dB The four bottom buttons appear below every page but are individually enabled depending on the operational activity of BeamStar Their functions are Start Restarts the camera restarts the video Stop Stops the camera If the Video add in is being used it stops the recording process Add Opens the Add form for selecting additional activity pages see below Hide Not enabled in this software version 6 3 Add Panel The Add form button is available from any of the pages of the Control Panel Clicking one of the buttons when it is enabled adds 49 BeamStar Operation Basics BeamStar FX User Guide 6 4 that activity as another page to the Control Panel form If a display or numerical activity is already present BeamStar adds a different suffix number to the name of the page for instance Profile Graphs 1 and 2 Camera functions can have only one instance The buttons in the rightmost column represent Camera Control activities where only one instance is allowed If one of these buttons is enabled the activity can be started OS add eal Camera Region Of nE Camera Interest Profile Graph Exposure 1D Gaussian Noise 3D Di
103. or a Gaussian beam the three methods 4 sigma 90 10 and 13 5 of peak should be equivalent As you can see in the example their values are very close The fourth method XX of peak offers a user defined setting of the interested percent of peak of the Gaussian curve for the analysis If you click the blue value in the Numerical Values page see Figure 23 page 69 the default 50 0 can be changed to any percent of peak After choosing the new value click Enter or 73 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide toggle any option s state on the page and the value will be activated Default peak When customizing the startup options see also Customizing the BeamStar Startup page 50 there is an option that lets the user set the value of the Default peak when a stored oor is opened This value overrides what is presently set on the Numerical Values panel Afterwards if desired the user can go to the Numerical Values panel and select another value for the desired peak Default of peak M csv File Culture 50 0 of Peak C English US Local Display Alignment MV Align all Displays to Default XY C Beam Axis StartUp Start application with last settings Trigger Mode Behaviour When entering external Trigger Mode Set Shutter to 3mS C Keep present Shutter setting When saving an oor file BeamStar only stores raw frame data plus some camera setting information
104. ork better with one polarization than with the other It usually works better with the polarization that gives a stronger signal on the BeamStar Experiment with placing the BA500 at two positions right angles to each other After setting up the camera all BeamStar features that are described in this manual can be used with the BA500 173 Specifications BeamStar FX User Guide Item Specification BeamStar FX BeamStar FX BeamStar FX Camera SP620U SP503U 50 33 33HD General TEn Large beams General purpose Small beams Small beams Application high resolution pulsed lasers PARS low cost high resolution pulsed lasers 350 1320nm 350 1320nm 350 1320nm 350 1100nm 350 1100nm Spectral 193 360nm with UV 193 360nm with UV 193 360nm with 193 360nm with 193 360nm with Response Image Converter Image Converter BeamStar U BeamStar U BeamStar U attachment attachment attachment attachment attachment Maximumbeam 7 9 mmWx5 3mmH 6 3mmWx4 7mmH SG size mmH Pixel spacing 4 4um x 4 4um 9 9um x 9 9ym 9 9um x 9 9um 7 4umx7 4um 4 65um x 4 65um Andie 1600 x 1200 pixels CREED RE propel 640 x 480 pixels 1024 x 768 pixels effective pixels ae 62dB gt 1250 1 with 64dB gt 1500 1 with 60dB 1000 1 with no 60dB 1000 1 with no da deen td eM no averaging With no averaging With averaging With averaging With Vera ee I AEN angai averaging 72dB averaging 74dB gt averaging averaging 70 EE o
105. p help window by clicking Help on this page To Resize the Display Window 1 Move the mouse to the border of the 3D Display Window 2 Press the left mouse button and drag the window until it is resized as desired 3 Release the mouse button To Move the Display Window 1 Move the mouse to the Title Bar of the 3D Display Window 2 Press the left mouse button and drag the window to the desired location 3 Release the mouse button To Zoom the 3D Image 1 Hold down the lt Alt gt key and the left mouse button 2 Drag the mouse down to Zoom In enlarge the 3D image 3 Drag the mouse up to Zoom Out reduce the 3D image An alternative to steps 2 and 3 is to use the mouse wheel Scroll up to Zoom Out reduce and Scroll down to Zoom In enlarge To Move the 3D Image within the Window panning 1 Hold down the lt Shift gt key and the left mouse button 2 Drag the mouse left or right to move the 3D image along the X Axis 126 BeamStar FX User Guide The 3D Display 3 Drag the mouse up or down to move the 3D image along the Y Axis To Rotate the 3D Image Around an Axis 1 Hold down the lt Ctrl gt key and the left mouse button 2 Drag the mouse to the right for a counter clockwise rotation around the Y Axis 3 Drag the mouse to the left for a clockwise rotation around the Y Axis 4 Drag the mouse up for a front to back rotation around the X Axis 5 Drag the
106. phir supplies a power adapter for use on laptops On desktop PCs there is no need for an external power supply because desktop PCs supply all the power the camera needs You can connect the power using one of the two power connection methods illustrated below Built in power socket IEEE 1394 Firewire card Laptop computer BeamStar O Built in power adapter socket Figure 1 Installation with Firewire card having built in power socket 14 BeamStar FX User Guide System Components No power socket IEEE 1394 Firewire card Laptop computer Ophir Power adapter BeamStar O Figure 2 Installation with Firewire card with no built in power socket Note You must have administrative privileges to install the camera To connect an FX camera 1 Set up the PC for Firewire communication a Fora desktop PC i Verify that a Firewire card is mounted in the chassis of the PC or use an onboard port if available ii There is no need for an external power supply Desktop PCs supply all the power the camera needs b For a Laptop PC i Install the Firewire card in the Cardbus slot of the laptop ii If the card has a built in power adapter socket plug the wall cube power adapter directly into the Firewire card s power socket System Components BeamStar FX User Guide 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 iii If the card does not have a built in power adapter
107. r in M measurement Z Position must be measured from the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens and not necessarily from the back of the lens e Camera Position The distance between the front surface of the camera housing and the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Lens e Number of Filters The number of filters being used to make this measurement 156 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared This value affects the Optical Distance between the Lens and the camera Without going into details of Index of Refraction as the amount of glass between the Focusing Lens and the Camera increases the closer the camera seems to be to the lens e Z Location The distance between the Focusing Lens and the CCD of the camera This value equals Camera Position Internal Distance between CCD and front of BeamStar camera 1 3 Number of Filters e Show Current Measurement When checked the BeamStar is prepared to make another Beam Width measurement e Beam Width or Divergence Angle presently measured e Store Button Saves this measurement and recalculates results based on a new curve fitting This button is disabled until the Camera Position and Number of Filters parameters are updated and at least five measurements have been made and averaged together ISO requirement e Skip Button Used to skip the preliminary stages of advanced M measurement Most users should skip these stages e Undo Occasionally ther
108. re enabled 3 Type or select the values for the field The min max values entered per option must not be the same BeamStar will display a message box and will not let you close the main dialog box until correct values are entered for every selected numeric option 4 Click OK when done or Cancel to abort changes To activate the Pass Fail test select the option s check box 77 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide The Pass Fail results for the selected criteria are shown in the accompanying insert Numerical Values 1 Frame Number 4809 Total Power mw 552 Peak Power Density W cm 2 12 6 Peak To Average 2 38 Ellipticity 0 666 Azimuth deg 32 8 Note The criteria selections can be saved as part of an ooi file see Using OOI files page 52 8 6 Log Data BeamStar provides a logging function to allow you to save results displayed in the Numeric Values display to a CSV file that can be read easily in Excel or in a text editor To log numerical data with time into a text file 1 Select the data that you want to display and log All data selected for display will be logged 2 In the Log Data section click the blue update A list with the following available choices opens Every update Every second Every 2 seconds Every 5 seconds Every 10 seconds Every 30 seconds Every minute 3 Select the choice that indicates how often you want to update 78 BeamStar FX User Guide
109. re trigger or not If the laser output already pre triggers you do not have to set the BeamStar to pre trigger Since it takes some 10 us between the trigger pulse and the opening of the shutter the pre trigger pulse should be sent at least 15 us before the pulse Trigger output A camera can be set to trigger the laser to fire a pulse The Trigger Output rate is set by the Frame Rate of the camera USB cameras can be programmed to delay the Trigger Output To do so use the up down arrows or enter a value up to 32000 microseconds in the edit box This option is only enabled when the Trigger Output option is selected Trigger r z Risinc Edge jE Delay I Trigger Output 8452 3 usec 28 BeamStar FX User Guide Camera Configuration Controls 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 Camera Exposure Control Panel Camera S N 3030477 A 2D Display 1 3D Display 1 Numerical Values 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise Control Electronic Shutter 2 532 Setting 24 Speed 0 003 sec Auto Preamp Gain 220 lt 1023 Setting Gain 11 dB MV Auto Dark Level re 255 0 Setting 54 Levelfi5 1024 IV Auto Figure 6 Camera Exposure page Electronic Shutter The Electronic Shutter setting determines how long the camera shutter remains opened A longer time setting allows in more laser light to enter Preamp Gain The Preamp Gain setting electronically increases the intensity
110. rical Values 1 Frame Number Total Power Peak Power Density Peak To Average Ellipticity Azimuth Location Centroid Peak Beam Width 4 Sigma 90 10 Knife Edge 13 5 of Peak 50 0 of Peak Height mm 2 119 Mean DoR 2D Gaussian 8 122 2 313 x yy 0 117 0 142 Major Minor 5 212 4 008 Correlation 0 732 Modulation 177 792 StdDev Std Mean Min Max TH Factr EffArea Eff Dia Wiem 2 Wiem 2 Wiem 2 Wiem 2 mm 2 mm 67 1 23 0 184 1 19 12 6 4 52 2 398 Figure 26 2D Top Hat fit of the laser beam Pass Fail The Pass Fail option offers setting criteria for any of the numeric results A measurement that passes the test criteria is displayed in green one that fails is displayed in red Results are dependent on the active Axis Alignment mode To use the Pass Fail option 1 Click the adjacent browse button The Numeric Pass Fail Setup dialog box opens 76 BeamStar FX User Guide Numerical Values Numeric Pass Fail Setup Minimum Maximum Total Power mw IV Peak Power Density Wem IV Peak To Average I Ellipticity I Azimuth a T 6 pte ae af Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Location I Centroid I Peak M i Major Minor Beam width Kirmo kmo Enmon Maamuma I 4 Sigma I Knife Edge T 1325 M 50 JE it Figure 27 Numeric Pass Fail Setup dialog box 2 Select a numeric option The corresponding Minimum and Maximum fields a
111. rm then you will have to manually allow the network connection if you are using the BeamStar Automation interface In some cases you may to have to manually allow port 15113 Camera Registration for FX cameras Sometimes the application still does not find the camera after the installation steps and the following message is displayed when running the BeamStar FX 21 Software Installation and Camera Registration BeamStar FX User Guide x a No BeamStar camera detected If the camera is indeed connected try closing and reopening BeamStar If that doesn t work try 1 Close this application 2 Unplug the camera 3 Reconnect the camera 4 Reopen the BeamStar application If that doesn t work For Firewire cameras try From the main menu pick Tools gt Refresh Camera Drivers This message will also occur if you want to run a new camera that was not yet used with the application To refresh the FX camera connection 1 First attach the FX camera via the 1394 port and if using a laptop make sure its external power supply is connected correctly Firewire FX cameras page 13 2 From the main menu pick Tools gt Refresh Camera Drivers After the installation is completed you need to configure the software for the type of laser to be measured BeamStar can be configured to work with continuous or pulsed lasers This configuration is done within the BeamStar program see Camera Configuration Con
112. rofile on X axis with ROI enabled In the following two figures notice the elongation of the 4o Beam Marker and the effect on the measured beam width due to a ghost image when the Region of Interest is not enabled whereas the 40 beam marker is circular and the measured result is much smaller when the Region of Interest is enabled ini xi PRE Frame Number 24561 Location Centroid Beam Width 4 Sigma Figure 59 Region of Interest not enabled 138 BeamStar FX User Guide Region of Interest D Display 1 5 x umerical alues 1 a Frame Number 24561 Location Centroid Beam Width 4 Sigma Figure 60 Region of Interest enabled 139 Major Minor Axes BeamStar FX User Guide 17 17 1 Major Minor Axes Reference Axes By default BeamStar software assumes that the laser spot is aligned with the vertical and horizontal axes X Y of the camera That is to say there are vertical and horizontal lines that can cut through the beam at its largest width on either axis X Y This assumption about alignment is not always true Sometimes the spot of the laser is rotated at an angle to the XY axes of the camera In such a case the beam widths are more correctly measured along the Angle of Rotation The orthogonal axes that cut through the laser beam s centroid along the Angle of Rotation are known as the Major and Minor axes The Major axis is defined as the axis along which lies the longer
113. roid At this point a full definition of Beam Width is in order The BeamStar software supports several definitions of Beam Width However for purposes of determining M or any component thereof ISO 11146 requires use of the 4o Beam Width This is defined mathematically as being four times the square root of the second moment of the power distribution of the laser beam It is given by the equations do xZ 40 z dolz 404z 146 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared 18 1 4 o Sigma is given by the equations ff x x El x y z dxdy ge it yy E x y z dvdy A eS op z gt Elx y z dvdy Elx y z dedy where x X and y are the distances to the centroid X F The centroid is given by the equations X J FC z hcy _ ve x y z dxdy CT lew sde y E x y z dxdy f J E x y z dxdy where E X y Z is the power distribution function of the laser beam Divergence Angle The Divergence Angle is the angle of the cone that describes the increase of a laser beam s width as it travels through space It is given by the equation d O f where dof is Beam Width as measured one focal length away from the Rear Principal Plane of the Focusing Element f is Focal Length of the Focusing Element 147 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide 18 1 5 18 1 6 Waist Diameter Waist Diameter is the laser beam s minimum size Waist Diameter Location is the Z Posi
114. s 1D Gaussian Fit 1D Top Hat Fit Major and Minor Axes cannot be selected All Align To controls are available in Line Profiles Numeric Results AlignTo will be set to DefaultXY and cannot be changed Azimuth Angle cannot be selected When Align all Displays to is set to Beam Axis 2D Display XY Cursors Marker is grayed out Align XY Cursors is grayed out Profiles 1D Gaussian Fit 1D Top Hat Fit X and Y Axes cannot be selected Line Profiles will be aligned to Centroid Numeric Results AlignTo will be set to Beam Axis and cannot be changed 144 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared 18 18 1 18 1 1 18 1 2 M M Squared This section explains the theory of operation for M see following sentence and describes the Ophir solution M is a quantity that measures how close the beam parameter product of the laser in question is to the diffraction limit of a perfect Gaussian beam For an explanation of technical terms used in this section see Glossary page 159 Theory of Operation What is M2 Two important characteristics that are not measured by standard Beam Profiling packages are the Waist Diameter of a laser beam and its Divergence Angle In layman s terms these are how small is the laser beam when focused and at what rate does it spread out afterwards For any wavelength there is a theoretical minimum to the product of the Waist Diameter and Divergence
115. s Y using Align to Cursors Profile Graph 2 Using the cursor positions of Figure 30 page 85 as the starting point the example moves the vertical line Now the scanning will profile the power density along the Y axis The vertical line is moved to the lower peak see Figure 31 page 86 Profile 1 has remained the same but its zero location has moved to the right 86 BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graphs 9 1 3 Whereas for Profile 2 the lower peak is displayed having negative values for its Y Position Therefore for a profile defined as Axis Y moving the vertical cursor scans the power density values along the y axis I ix iE sisf alia Horizontal Line Profile Vertical Line Profile 14 14 125 25 Tio 105 Ca 5 s s4 ic 3 3 25 24 0 T 1 f f o i 1 Les i 1 4 2 2 3 2 0 2 3 Position mm Pasition mm JE 2D Display 1 Figure 32 Power Density when Axis Y Profile 2 lower peak Note On a routine basis when scanning for one axis it is not necessary to display the other axis profile XY Line Profile using Cursors The following example uses the PulsedYAG4 oor video file to illustrate a XY Line Profile to scan for power density 87 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX User Guide 9 2 To produce an XY Line Profile select Axis X and Y The option is disabled if Sum Profile is selected The X Line Profile is plotted in black and t
116. s a Peak to Average ratio of 1 Fit 2D Top Hat See 2D Top Hat page 75 71 Numerical Values BeamStar FX User Guide 8 1 Option Explanation 2D Gaussian See 2D Gaussian page 75 Pass Fail Option to set criteria for pass fail results based on values set in the Numeric Pass Fail Setup dialog box To set up Pass Fail criteria click the adjacent browse button Refer to Pass Fail page 76 Log Data See Log Data page 78 Every update Default Stores the values displayed in the Numerical Values page at a pre selected interval The data is CSV comma separated formatted so it is easily read into Excel or a text program DataLog CSV Shows the file name of the next log file to be created Use the adjacent browse button to change the name and or its storage location If you want to use your own names you must define it before the next logging Otherwise BeamStar updates its default name with the next number Control Panel Freeze Toggles on off updating of the Numerical Values display Save Saves the Numerical Values display as a graph in user selected format of bmp png gif jpg or tiff Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the 2D Display
117. s aaa ctcose ences a eee eee 47 6 2 Control P aie ligne cee esas canta seeecemeas wes eeu cea sadeuaeeenosatseasce 48 6 3 AdG PaNnel es cncetcetnactite bccn iaee 49 6 4 Customizing the BeamStar Startup c cesses 50 6 4 1 Startup Next session eee eee ee eeeteeeeeee 51 6 42 Using OOI files cise cticciecatiiewdecsienssiaediaeeetnote ceed 52 T Fhe 2D DIS Play rrara rarapa sane vceuteecestuacecdsccteecesteaecs 55 Bead ZOOM a E A E E ature aa E A atone 57 72 JCUPSOF AlGQMIMGMT cnnan a e a ean 60 Zae Marker Sisi e noaa a a a iee ese 60 Contents BeamStar FX User Guide 10 11 7 4 Distance Measurement c cccceeeeeeeseeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeneces 62 75 SAW a cas evs cusleciett na gts tele cnc Save eee E ELERE ee eG 65 7 5 1 CSV CxAMpleS iisceccacdcad ieaicieeneeied 66 NUMOEFICADV AIUCS ij isisccasicoscassinnresnatuccetcsountennitancasereecueiins 68 8 1 Tot l POWGN aisedede E adan 72 8 2 B am Width aisses syeua aa Eaa Ea a 73 8 3 2D Gd sSSla Mein ea keera eleva ea aea EEE ERE El 75 8 4 2D Top Halae a A EEE iaa A 75 8 9 Pass Fall rsi a a EEK te 76 0 Cp D rE re A E E AES 78 Profile Graphs sisesdessscaudearscevdearsnandeauccarsaanenndeaneieuadssnentus 81 9 1 Line Profiles on XY AX S ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 85 9 1 1 Axis X using Align to Cursors Profile Graph I i r e C a Eai 85 9 1 2 Axis Y using Align to Cursors Profile Graph 2 censi atn a a athe bende a 86 9 1 3 XY Lin
118. se their calculations on a larger set of measurements Each measurement is actually an average of at least five measurements at that Z Position Move the Camera to the Z Position where the smallest beam width can be measured Take at least five measurements close to the minimum measured within a distance of one Rayleigh Range Take at least five measurements in the far field at least two Rayleigh Ranges away from the minimum Based on the measured data M can be calculated as follows Use curve fitting techniques to determine the Artificial Waist and the Divergence Angle Determine the true Waist Diameter Calculate M2 Using the above technique M accuracy is expected to be 10 149 M M Squared BeamStar FX User Guide 18 1 7 Rayleigh Range 18 2 18 2 1 As mentioned above several measurements must be made close to the minimum measured and several must be made far away The Rayleigh Range or Rayleigh Length is used as the definition of proximity to or distance from the Beam Waist The Rayleigh Range is defined as the distance from the Beam Waist along the Z Axis at which the beam width is a factor of V2 greater than the width of the Beam Waist see following equation dR V2 doo Measurements taken within one Rayleigh Length of the waist are considered in close proximity to the Beam Waist Far Field is defined as a Z Axis distance much greater than the Rayleigh Range away from the Beam Wa
119. see Axis page 84 81 Profile Graphs BeamStar FX User Guide Control Panel Camera S N 3030477 A Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise Control 2D Display 1 3D Display 1 Numerical Values 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 m ProfileT ype Axis Line Profile rx Sum Profile Vy Align to T Major Cursors Minor C Centroid Peak C Manual Control x 10 004 mm Y 0 000 mm Help Freeze Unzoom Save Print Figure 29 Options of the Profile Graph page The Profile Graph page is divided into the following sections as described in Table 4 page 83 82 BeamStar FX User Guide Profile Graphs Table 4 Profile Graph control options Option Explanation Profile Type Line Profile For DefaultXY draws a Line graph plot according to the selections of Align to and Axis For Beam Axis draws a Line graph plot according to Axis selections aligned to the Centroid Sum Profile Draws a Sum graph plot according to the Axis selection Align to is disabled Align to X or Y Line Profiles only Cursors Aligns the profile to the cursor positions The zero of the plot for X will match the position of the vertical line cursor in the 2D Display The zero of the plot for Y will match the position of the horizontal line cursor The positions are taken from the 2D Display page setting of the Cursor Alignment However to have manual control Cursor Alignment
120. splay Fit Control Beam 1D Top Hat Wander Fit MSquare Figure 12 Add dialog form Customizing the BeamStar Startup If you intend to make measurements in the future similar to the ones you are planning to make now you can choose to have these measurement settings loaded the next time BeamStar starts e Startup Next Session Reloads the last BeamStar settings when you restart BeamStar e Using OOI files option 50 BeamStar FX User Guide BeamStar Operation Basics 6 4 1 BeamStar settings are stored in an OOI file You can click OOI file in Explorer to start BeamStar with those saved settings This option overrides the Startup option Startup Next session To save the present configuration for the next time click Tools gt Options and then click Start Application with Last Settings If you do not choose this option BeamStar will revert to the factory defaults every time it is opened This options lets you begin the next session of BeamStar with the same displays and features that were active when you closed the program To activate this option 1 Select Tools gt Options from the menu bar The General tap of the Options dialog box 51 BeamStar Operation Basics BeamStar FX User Guide 6 4 2 General Log Default of peak _csv File Culture C English US MEX 50 0 of Peak G Local Display Alignment MV Align all Displays to Default XY C Beam Axis StartUp Start app
121. substraction 43 beam width 73 beam expanders 17 beam reducers 17 176 BeamStar FX User Guide Index beam splitters 17 Beam Splitters 171 Beam Star FX 33 12 Beam Wander 111 AutoScale 117 Center 117 Decenter 117 display 112 log data 119 microradians 116 options 113 page 111 Beamstar operation basics 47 BeamStar accessories in BA500 171 automation and client applications 163 camera types 12 BeamStar FX 33 HD 13 BeamStar FX 50 13 BeamStart saving settings 34 39 43 Bits 25 Cc camera refreshing camera connection 21 types 12 camera configuration controls 23 camera exposure 29 Camera Exposure 34 36 40 Camera Format 33 36 40 Camera Format Page 23 Camera Registration for FX cameras 21 cameras BA500 171 Client applications and automation 163 configuration controls 23 Control Panel 48 bottons 49 CSV examples 2D display 66 cursor alignment 2D display 60 cursors 60 customizing startup 50 CW mode trigger 32 D Dark Level 30 default startup 47 distance measurement 2D Display 62 Index BeamStar FX User Guide E Effect on displays and calculations due to Major Minor Axes 141 Electronic Shutter 29 external trigger 35 F filters 16 Firewalls 20 Firewire camera types 12 camers 13 connecting camera 15 icon 10 with built in power socket 14 with no built in power socket 15 Frame Rate 25 G getting started 10
122. ters viciecicnicinteie settee aye 171 21 1 3 Optical Photodiode Trigger ccceceeeeeee 171 21 1 4 Variable Attenuator 172 21 1 5 IMAGING EMS OSs nscccsass cers cep negecdsesicess icemctontatetade 172 21 2 BA500 Setup for Beam Profiling eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 172 21 2 1 Physical Setup siscsssctiecestendeessiacazecincaseucinecerts 172 21 2 2 BeamStar Setup s cccciscntea ede dey leeedeassdecaeties 173 Specifications fa etitetiinahianennadratisephiotinesdtaaidenbdudibetiiatiendis 174 Sae E A A A A A A A 176 Getting Started BeamStar FX User Guide 1 1 1 2 Getting Started Revision 1 30 1 is the current revision number of this manual The user should open the PDF edition that is included with the CD ROM to see if the PDF is a later edition The user should also check Ophir s Web page for the latest updates and FAQs not covered in this manual Manual Overview This manual describes the following e System Requirements and Components e Camera Connection and Registration e Installation of the BeamStar Software e Camera Configuration and Application Setup e Displays and Analysis BeamStar supports both USB and Firewire connecting cameras This manual describes both types and where discussion refers only to one type an identifying icon has been inserted in the margin without its sub title USB 2 0 FireWire System Requirements e Pentium 4 at least 1 7 GHz gt 2 GHz for best performance
123. the Signal to Noise Ratio SNR of the camera This is a measure of the quality of the signal processing that the camera is performing on the laser beam For detailed explanations see Improving the Signal page 43 31 Setup for Measurements BeamStar FX User Guide 5 5 1 5 2 Setup for Measurements Trigger Mode Selection Guide The following are guidelines for selecting the correct trigger mode for your laser e If your laser is continuous or pulses at a frequency greater than 1000 Hz work in Internal Trigger mode leave all Trigger options cleared e If your laser frequency is up to 1000 Hz it is recommended to work in External Trigger mode with a BNC cable physically connected to the camera e If your laser frequency is up to 500 Hz and you do not want a physical connection between the system under test and the BeamStar camera use the Ophir Photodiode Trigger OPT e In all cases of External Triggering if the pulses are less than about 20 microseconds use the pre trigger option in addition to the selected Trigger Mode option The following sections describe in detail the step by step process of setting up the BeamStar camera and application for the laser under test Internal Trigger CW Mode If the measurement is using a free running camera without external triggering to capture a pulsed laser the main factor affecting the stability of the measurement is the number of pulses captured per exposed fra
124. the example of Figure 37 page 92 the Correlation value passes and the Modulation value fails 95 1D Gaussian Fit BeamStar FX User Guide 10 1 Zooming a 1D Gaussian Fit Graph To zoom a 1D Gaussian Fit Graph 1 2 Place the mouse at the edge of the zoom area Click the right mouse button A black line is drawn to mark that edge of the zoom area Drag the mouse to the other edge of the zoom area A second black line will be drawn to mark the mouse movement Release the right mouse button The 1D Gaussian Fit display is zoomed in on the area between the two lines To unzoom click the Unzoom button on the appropriate Control Tab in the Control Panel 96 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Top Hat Fit 11 1D Top Hat Fit BeamStar calculates a Top Hat characterization of the beam Line or Sum profiles based on a user defined range and provides a selectable readout of numerical information of the fit The user can also set pass fail criteria Multiple instances of the Top Hat fit can be executed with each instance having its own settings The Zoom Factor of the 2D Display does not affect calculation or display of the 1D Top Hat fit To perform a 1D Top Hat fit on a reduced set of data use Region of Interest page 133 To display the beam data in a Top Hat fit 1 Click Add gt 1D Top Hat Fit A 1D Top Hat Fit page Figure 38 page 98 is added to Control Panel and the display window opens Figure 39
125. tion at which the Waist Diameter was measured Laser Waist at Location Z Measuring the true Waist Diameter of a laser beam is very often a difficult if not impossible task The beam may not naturally converge outside the laser cavity Even if it does converge the location might be outside of the physical space allocated for working with the laser under test The approved alternative is to work with an artificial waist This entails passing the laser beam through a Focusing Element ISO 11146 provides details on how to calculate the true Waist Diameter based on measurements made in the area of the Artificial Waist Laser Focusing Element Artificial Waist at Location Z Practical Limitations In theory M should be a straightforward and simple measurement e The wavelength of the laser is known e Measure the Beam Width at the Focal Length to get the Divergence Angle 148 BeamStar FX User Guide M M Squared Find the Beam Waist by moving the BeamStar along the laser beam s optical path until the minimum is found Apply the M equation to the above In practice this is not realistic As mentioned above the Beam Waist may be inaccessible for measurement Also there are many potentially sources of measurement error Inaccurate measurement of Z Position Surface Aberrations on the Focusing Element Inaccuracy of the measurement device itself Calculations based on incorrect Focal Length Therefore all M systems ba
126. trols page 23 The following sections explain that part of the software Following the sections on camera configuration the manual describes BeamStar s measurement and analysis features 22 BeamStar FX User Guide Camera Configuration Controls 4 Camera Configuration Controls Controls for the camera are located on three tabbed pages of the Control Panel see Figure 3 page 23 Figure 6 page 29 and Figure 10 page 44 See Setup for Measurements page 32 for a detailed explanation on how to configure the BeamStar for measurement based on these Camera Configuration Controls 4 1 Camera Format Page Control Panel Camera S N 555666 E amp Control Panel Camera S N 3030477 E X Video 2D Display 1 3D Display 1 2D Display 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 Numerical Values 1 Profile Graph 1 Profile Graph 2 Numerical Values 1 3D Display 1 Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise Control Camera Format Camera Exposure Noise Control Video Format Video Format Pixels Size G Pixels Size G m 640480 1 2 yic s 640x480 1 3 ofe Frame Rate Frame Rate Grab Rate 29 4 Grab Rate 15 0 30fps 4 15fps v Display Rate I Single Shot Single Shot M Trigger 7 Trigger BeamStar Photodiode Accessory BeamStar Photodiode Accessory J External Trigger Risinc Edge J External Trigger Risinc Edge I Pre Trigger 1 5 Delay Pre Trigger 1 5 ms Trigger Output zi usec J Tr
127. ues 1 Frame Number 4809 Total Power 552 Peak Power Density wW cm z2 12 6 2 Peak To Average 2 38 Location x Y Centroid mm 0 138 0 113 Peak nm 1 104 0 421 Beam Width x 4 Sigma nim 3 861 3 290 90 10 knife Edge mm 4 010 3 367 13 5 of Peak nm 3 653 3 138 50 0 of Peak nm 2 435 1 356 Camera Settings Wideo Format 640x480 Number of bits 10 Frame Rate fps 30 0 fps Shutter Time sec 0 0030625 Gain dE g 90594573319914 Figure 41 Report for Full with Text only 105 Report Generator BeamStar FX User Guide Date 18 05 2005 Time 18 07 06 Generated by BeamStar 1 10 Camera Bc102 Notes 2D Display 2D Display 1 Numeric Data Numerical Values 1 1 Numerical Values 1 Frame Number Total Power mW Peak Power Density W cm 2 Peak To Average Location Centroid Peak Beam Width 4 Sigma 90 10 Knife Edge 13 5 of Peak 50 0 of Peak Camera Settings Playback 4809 4809 4848 TT Play _Next r I Continuous Play Playback Speed at 100 Frame Buffer Buffer Frames Each Frame Occupies 1457 kB Total Memory Usage 13 MB 0 sec Play Time F Cock All Cal Hide Me Performance Report Zoom False Color 50 320x240 gt Color Mapping e by Interpolation or Averaging IF Sho by Decimation or Blocking a Resize Window r Markers Align XY Cursors Iv XY Cursors Manual I Peak I Centroid x T Major Minor Profiles N I 46 Beam Width Sca
128. umerical Values 1 Results Total Power mW 552 Pass 4 Sigma mm 3 861 3 290 Fail Pass Camera Settings Video Format 640x480 Number of bits 10 Frame Rate fps 30 0 fps Shutter Time sec 0 0030625 Gain dB 9 90594573319914 Figure 46 Pass Fail with Text and Graphics showing only the Text 110 BeamStar FX User Guide Beam Wander 13 Beam Wander Beam Wander plots the change in centroid position over time The position can be plotted in microns or microradians Each position plotted on the display also updates the readout section of the display that lists position and statistical information To start Beam Wander 1 Click Add on the Control Panel Alternatively click its icon B on the toolbar The Add form opens Click Beam Wander The Beam Wander page is added to the Control Panel and its display window opens Refer to Table 9 page 123 for an explanation of the options and controls Control Panel File HeNe oor ia m Video Beam Wander 1 Readout Centroid Distance M Location IV From last centroid MV Mean IV From mean centroid Iv Std Dev V Max point to point Tracking Control Limit 6 Hours Period 1 Hours Rate 4 gt JEver 1 sec Log Data IV AutoScale M Log Mi icrons Type esv WL3100022 0001 14 55mm Freeze Print _sit_ E ast _tise_ Figure 47 Beam Wander page default 111 Beam Wander BeamStar FX User Guide EF Beam Wander 1
129. urfaceNormal Perspective Off On 124 BeamStar FX User Guide The 3D Display 14 2 Option Projections Explanation Creates a 2D projection on the selected axis Possible choices are see Figure 54 page 128 e None e XZ e YZ e XZ amp YZ Grid amp Axes Turns on a grid for each dimension see Figure 54 page 128 Line Width Changes the thickness of the line Maximum value is 10 Fast Draw Off default or On When On switches the display to a minimum number of display points when changing position or zooming the display Resumes the previous Plot Style when done Page Buttons Freeze Unfreeze Toggles on and off the updating of the display window Save Opens a standard Windows Save As dialog box to save the current profile as a graphic file omp png gif jpg or tiff format Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Default Resets all options to their default values Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the 3D Display Mouse Keyboard control Using a combination of keyboard keys and the mouse the user can manually change the size and the viewing characteristics of the 125 The 3D Display BeamStar FX User Guide display You can also see the pop u
130. urrent profile either as a graphic file bmp png gif jpg or tiff format CSV file or fixed column text file Saves the Readout results and the graphical data Print Starts the Windows Print Manager to select an output printer The full frame of the display is printed The actual data frame depends on when the printing is initiated Help Opens a Help screen describing mouse functionality within the 1D Gaussian Fit Display In Profile Type select the Line Profile or Sum Profile In Align to select where to align the profile In Axis select one of the following profiles X Y Major or Minor 94 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Gaussian Fit If you want to measure the fit along more than one axis open additional instances of 1D Gaussian Fit profiles In Readout select the desired options 6 If using Modulation in manual mode click the option box and move the vertical blue line to a location on the curve Range is restricted to the set of points within the FWHM of the fit 7 Set Pass Fail options if desired a Click the browse button to open the dialog box for setting criteria Note that the maximum and minimum settings for a given option cannot be equal Gaussian Pass Fail Setup Minimum Maximum w M 2w FWHM M Correlation Peak Height W com 2 l Peak to Average V Modulation ox b Click OK Sled i c Select the check box to activate In
131. ursors is selected The following options exist Manual Each cursor line can be moved in either direction parallel to its present position Peak The lines are moved to the mathematically determined peak coordinates Centroid The lines are moved to the mathematically determined centroid coordinates Markers The following Markers options exist see also Figure 18 page 61 and Figure 19 page 62 XY Cursors Enabled when DefaultXY is used Toggles the cursors on off in the picture If not selected Aligned to Cursors in the Profile Graph page will align to the last displayed cursor position Peak Places a marker at the mathematically determined peak Centroid x Places a marker at the mathematically determined centroid 4c Beam Width 60 BeamStar FX User Guide The 2D Display Draws a dotted ellipse using the Centroid as the center and using the 40 beam widths to define the size of the ellipse in x Figure 18 Example of 2D display with Centroid and 4c beam width Markers selected e Major Minor A laser spot might not lie exactly on the XY axes In sucha situation the XY Markers do not reflect a true cross section of the beam Also the 4o beam width will not encircle the spot correctly Select the Major Minor marker to draw dotted white lines through the true orthogonal cross sections of the beam When selected it also causes the 40 beam width Marker if selected to correctly encircl
132. w C Peak M FWHM Manual Control MV Correlation x 0 000 mm Peak Height J Peak to Average T Modulation Manual Vv Auto Subtract Help T Pass Fail _ J Baseline Calculation Limit 3 c Freeze Unzoom Save Print Figure 36 1D Gaussian Fit page Y 0 005 mm 1D Gaussian Fit 1 Horizontal Line Profile w 0 2616 2 0 5232 FWHM 0 308 Correlation 0 945 Peak Height 3 773 PeaktoAverage 1 764 Modulation 0 08014 on N UU A Power Density wW cm 2 q 4 Oo n A I 1 0 x Position mm Figure 37 1D Gaussian Fit with Pass Fail option active 92 BeamStar FX User Guide 1D Gaussian Fit Table 5 1D Gaussian Fit page options Option Explanation Profile Type Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Align to Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Axis Refer to Profile Graphs page 81 and Table 4 page 83 Readout w Beam waist dimension defined as the half width of the profile at 1 e of the maximum beam intensity 2w Full width of the profile as defined above FWHM Full width of the profile at half the maximum intensity Correlation Correlation between the beam profile and an ideal Gaussian beam Peak Height Height of the correlated ideal Gaussian beam in units of watts cm Peak to Average Result of Peak Height divided by Average where Average is the average of all the points that are at least 1 e 2
133. x 3 5mm e External Trigger option for use with pulsed lasers 12 BeamStar FX User Guide System Components 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 BeamStar FX 33 HD e Internal name BC103 e 1 3 in CCD high resolution camera with window size of 4 8 x 3 6mm e External Trigger option for use with pulsed lasers BeamStar FX 50 e Internal name BC102 e 1 2 in CCD camera with window size of 6 3 x 4 7mm e External Trigger option for use with pulsed lasers Connecting a camera USB camera The cameras are Plug n Play and connect directly to a computer s USB port via the supplied cable This cable is a standard A to mini B cable The Type A connector should be connected to the PC and the mini B connector to the camera The operating system should automatically detect the presence of the camera Firewire FX cameras FX cameras connect to the host computer via a Firewire port either on a Firewire card or directly via an onboard Firewire port on the camera When an FX camera is connected for the first time there is no software driver associated with this camera Windows will generally ask whether you want it to find and install a driver for the camera The BeamStar software takes care of the camera driver installation The FX cameras can be used with Firewire PCMCIA cardbuses regardless of whether they have their own power supply For cards 13 System Components BeamStar FX User Guide that do not provide power O
134. y window is not available click Add and select 3D Display 2 Click the 3D Display tab to bring its page to the front SER Control Panel File HeNe oor Video 2D Display 1 3D Display 1 Wire Density Center 80 x 60 x x jo Method Decimation Y jo View z j25 HE 3D Display 1 Latitude 45 deg f Plot Style Line Longitude 45 deg Perspective Off Auto refs Distance 1 1 Projections None M Grids amp Axes Off Color Map Rainbow 1 Line Width 0 Plot Area Color B Fast Draw On Grid Plane Color E Frame Averaging None Cursors None Spatial Filtering None Aperture None Update Behavior Default Region of Interest None Delay None Help Freeze Save Print Default Figure 53 3D page and its display default example 122 BeamStar FX User Guide The 3D Display Table 9 3D Display options Option Explanation Wire Density Determines the number of vertical and horizontal values that are used to represent the shape of the beam Values are selected from a drop down list box Possible values are e 40x80 e 64 X 48 e 80 x 60 default e 160x120 e 320 x 240 e 640 x 480 Method Determines the method to calculate points and lines when displaying the beam in 3D The methods are similar to those of the 2D Display for the Zoom option See Zoom page 57 Decimation Points are removed according to the Wire Density value Averaging Po

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