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Draft Interim All Hazards Receipt Facility Protocol

1. 81 10 6 Appendix F References and Additional Resources sese 81 25 September 2006 Page 3 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 0 Scope and Application The U S Department of Homeland Security DHS U S Environmental Protection Agency USEPA U S Department of Defense DOD Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI and The Association of Public Health Laboratories APHL have combined efforts to develop construct and implement the All Hazards Receipt Facilities AHRFs for prescreening unknown and potentially hazardous samples collected under unusual or suspicious circumstances The effort was initiated in response to concerns from states and Federal agencies particularly public health and environmental laboratories for standardized guidance on screening samples to protect laboratories and ensure sample integrity and the validity of analytical results This protocol is to be used as guidance Implementation of this guidance may vary from one location to the next depending on the capabilities of the laboratory to which the All Hazards Receipt Facility AHRF unit is attached The AHRF and the protocol should be adjusted to conform to the capabilities and goals of the particular facility Suspicious materials often generate a public safety law enforcement response to determine whether the materials represent a risk to the general public or to the environment It
2. g All personnel using autoclaves shall be fully familiar with autoclave operation care cleaning and maintenance prior to their use All personnel must be trained in the operation of laboratory equipment h All procedures must be conducted carefully to minimize the production of aerosols i All work with BSL 2 and higher microorganisms must be performed in a certified biological safety cabinet All work with unsealed toxins will be done in a HEPA filtered fume hood biosafety cabinet or glove box j Upon completion of an operation 1 Gloves will be removed with motions that turn the gloves inside out Any contact between the skin and the outer contaminated glove surface will be avoided 2 Hands will be washed with soap and water 3 Gloves will be disposed of in a special medical waste container APPENDIX C BIOLOGICAL HAZARD DESCRIPTIONS C 1 Biosafety Levels 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance NOTE The term agent or agents in these paragraphs refers to microorganisms and toxins not to chemical surety materiel The recommended biosafety level represents those conditions under which the microorganism or toxin can be safely handled The laboratory supervisor is specifically and primarily responsible for assessing risks and for appropriately applying the recommended biosafety levels If an organism does not have a recommended biosafety level per CDC and NIH Guidelines t
3. Beta threshold 2200 dpm 100 cm Page 41 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 6 Sample Splitting 5 6 1 5 6 2 25 September 2006 5 5 3 4 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 6 5 5 3 7 5 5 3 8 5 5 3 9 5 5 3 10 5 5 3 11 5 5 3 12 These thresholds are taken from the USEPA s Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water Criteria and Procedures Quality Assurance and are recommended by the USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Each facility should set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If results of the direct read are less than twice the average background and thus less than the thresholds See Section 5 5 3 3 proceed with Section 5 6 Sample Splitting If the direct alpha beta radiation screens indicate radiation above twice the average background level either the typical background or a background level that has been determined for the AHRF proceed to Section 4 3 4 and perform a wipe test on the outside of the sample transport container to determine if removable contamination is present If screening results indicate alpha and or beta dose rates greater than the threshold See Section 5 5 3 3 halt AHRF screening procedures Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available or other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Consult a radiological technician
4. PETN Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Picric acid Potassium chlorate Potassium nitrate RDX Cyclonite Semtex Smokeless powder Sodium chlorate Sodium nitrate TATP Triacetone triperoxide Tetryl TNB Trinitrobenzene TNT Trinitrotoluene Tri nitro naphthalene Radiological Agents Alpha and Beta particles Neutrons Gamma ray emission If screening tests indicate the presence of an explosive substance or device radioactive material or a chemical warfare agent the local FBI WMD Coordinator and appropriate local authorities and experts shall be consulted This protocol does not include recommendations regarding which analyses should be performed on the sample after it has gone through the AHRF screening process If the AHRF procedures do not detect a hazard it does not necessarily mean that hazardous material is not present at any quantity The laboratory director is the final authority as to whether a sample can enter the laboratory Many chemical radiological and explosive hazards to a laboratory also can be avoided if the AHRF sends only a small quantity of the sample to the laboratory For example if a sample is suspected to contain a chemical radiological or explosive hazard the laboratory manager may agree to accept a sample size of no more than a swab 500 mg and or 0 5 mL This would be appropriate only for certain analyses where only a small amount sample is needed e g some biological screens 25 September 20
5. 00 0 8 Documentation 4 ever es ey sb Ge ee ay SA AG es 12 Sample Identification Numbers 0 0 0 0c eee eee eens 12 Sample Container Labels iia oec ed SA e Ra SN eee eM s 12 Field Report EOrHIS9 2e ot ones os ur v axe dre pe bs ex Ed tue freu ens 13 Photographs coo ove ease nux A ER EARS SY A D E NERA 14 Cliam or Custody EODms 42242s4 0 6610s EP eed ah AR Oe G 14 Custody SealSus x mex pex OVE RRYENEMESEENEUENES E NEM RERUM SEN 15 General Guidance oro OR er ex br eo xS WW caben od scd aves 16 Samp line Plam s sexo Drs Lr DLL e Er d LLL a LM 16 Forensic Protection and Interagency Cooperation 2008 16 Sample Representatlveness x isoscelebiisuerkrThis 9e red e FEINER 17 Hot Zone or Hot Line Sampling 0 0 0 cece eee eee ee 18 General Guidance aac ou eras EX DERI RETE oe ad wei S Gaba eek wy 19 Sample Collection Procedures 0 00 cece cee eee 2l Collection of Bulk Solid Samples 20 0 eee eee eee 21 Collection of Non Aqueous Liquid Samples 0 020002 eee 25 Collection of Aqueous Samples aii rosa e ERES LIRE SERERE R3 28 Collection of Air Samples 22 22 RR ke RE MR 31 Sample Packaging and Shipment 0 0 00 cece eee 33 Unknown Environmental Samples Chemical and Biological 33 Hazardous Chemical Shipment 49 CFR 171 180 004 34 References and Additional Resources 000000 esses 37
6. 1 Surface Water 7 Sludge 2 Ground Water 8 Waste 9 Air 10 Powder 11 Other 6 Soil Sediment Sample ID Sample 20__ Site Location Description By Print Date Time Received REEL quu Print By a Date Time MEE E e E Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute A 4 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 6 Appendix F References and Additional Resources References United States Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities DHHS NIOSH 85 115 Washington GPO 1985 Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Hazardous waste operations and emergency response 29 CFR Part 1910 Section 120 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Hazardous waste operations and emergency response 29 CFR Part 1926 Section 65 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration General information regulations and definitions 49 CFR Part 171 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Hazardous materials table special provisions hazardous materials commu
7. 2005 RAE Systems Inc MultiRAE Plus User Manual 008 4022 000 Revision B Nov 2003 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Smiths Detection Ltd LCD 3 2 Enhance Lightweight Chemical Detector Operational Instructions User Manual July 2004 United States Department of the Army Chemical Surety AR 50 6 Washington USAPA 2001 Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards DA PAM 385 61 Washington USAPA 2002 Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine The Medical NBC Battlebook USACHPPM Tech Guide 244 Washington USAPA 1999 Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Interstate shipment of etiologic agents 42 CFR Part 72 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Select agents and toxins 42 CFR Part 73 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 4 eg Department of Homeland Security Interim National Infrastructure Protection Plan Washington GPO 2005 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Standards for protection against radiation 10 CFR Part 20 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Radiation Measurement Unit Conversions MicroR micro Roentgen is
8. 6 1 For Liquid or Aqueous Samples 6 1 1 Place one drop of sample onto each of the colorimetric indicator papers To avoid spillage the indicator papers may be placed inside a small container e g petri dish concave observation dish wide beaker The reaction time necessary to produce a color change if a target compound is present should be instantaneous 6 1 2 Observe the color of the indicator papers and record results on the AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 6 2 For Solid Samples 6 2 1 Hold the colorimetric indicator papers inside a sealed containment bag near the open end of the sample container for approximately one minute Do not allow the indicator papers to come into contact with the sample 6 2 2 Observe the color of the indicator papers and record results on the AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 6 2 3 Remove the colorimetric indicators from the bag 6 2 4 If no color change occurs place the smallest visible amount of the solid sample onto each paper that did not undergo a color change To avoid spillage the indicator paper may be placed inside a small container e g petri dish concave observation dish wide beaker 6 2 5 Observe if any color change occurred If the indicator papers do not change color wet the sample on top of these indicator papers with a few drops of reagent grade water Wait approximately one minute Observe the color of the indicator papers and record results on the Sample Scree
9. MS Paper Test Performed Comments Results 25 September 2006 Page 75 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 4 2 Primary Sample Container Screening Results Form Date mm dd yyyy Customer Sample Identification Number All Hazards Receipt Facility Example Primary Container Screening Form AHRF Sample Identification Number Screening Personnel 1 2 3 4 IMS Screen Performed Instrument Model S N FSP Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Optional IMS and FSP Screen Visual Inspection Sample Integrity Container Type Description Unusual or Unexpected Contamination on Container Sediment Present Suspicious Indicators Color Temperature Volume or Size weight Photograph Glove Box Transferable Greater than 2mg or mL Direct Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Radiation Screen Results Wipe Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Results 25 September 2006 Page 76 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Explosives Screen Colorimetric Wipe Test Performed Comments Crystallization Present Comments Chemical Screen Comments Is there any visual signs of Leakage Comments MS Paper Test Continuation
10. Relinquished By Print Name and Affiliation Received By Print Name and Affiliation Pus j Sign 25 September 2006 Page 73 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 4 Attachment 4 Example Facility Screening Results Forms 9 4 1 Transport Container Screening Results Form All Hazards Receipt Facility Example Transport Secondary Container Screening Form Date mm dd yyyy Customer Sample Identification Number AHRF Sample Identification Number Screening Personnel 1 2 3 4 Explosives Device Screen Are suspicious indicators present If yes immediately isolate sample and contact the bomb squad Protruding wires X Ray Screen Performed Results Instrument Model Rigidness or Bulkiness S N Excessive Tape or String Gamma Screen Performed Instrument Model Other S N Deemed Inert by Certified Bomb Comments Technician Radiation Screen Gamma Screen Performed Results Instrument Model S N Direct Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Results Instrument Model S N Wipe Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Instrument Model S N 25 September 2006 Page 74 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Chemical Screen Crystallization Unknown substance on container Comments Oily stains Comments Discoloration Comments Comments Powders Comments Liquids
11. Understanding the Hazardous Waste Rules A Handbook for Small Businesses USEPA Washington DC April 1996 30 U S Environmental Protection Agency USEPA RCRA Waste Sampling Draft Technical Guidance October 2001 http www epa gov epaoswer hazwaste test samp guid htm 31 U S Environmental Protection Agency USEPA Response Protocol Toolbox Planning For and Responding to Drinking Water Contamination Threats and Incidents Module 3 Site Characterization and Sampling Guide December 2003 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 39 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Appendix Example Forms Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Figure A 1 Example Sample Report Form Identification of Site Sample Identification Number s Location of Sample Collection Sample Owner and or Collector Date and Time of Collection Sample Description i Surface Water Soil Sediment Leachate Sample Physical State and Appearance Liquid Powder Other a Give the approximate sample amount volume or weight and what preservatives have been added Incident Details Describe the number of people exposed and the types of symptoms they are exp
12. areas at the end of each day s operations Chemical and toxin spills shall be cleaned up immediately to minimize contamination 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance b Hazardous waste shall be stored in the satellite accumulation area or a temporary 90 day storage facility in closed properly labeled containers Non hazardous solid and liquid waste shall be stored in appropriate receptacles or containers c Equipment apparatus and chemical inventories shall be properly stored Excess equipment and chemicals shall be turned in to minimize clutter in the laboratory d Floors shall be cleaned routinely to minimize re suspension of dust and toxic contaminants Wet methods or HEPA filtered vacuum shall be used for the clean up of dry toxic chemicals and toxins e Stairways and halls shall not be used as storage areas Access to exits and emergency equipment shall not be blocked 22 Special Procedures for Handling Acutely Toxic Compounds Carcinogens and Reproductive Hazards a General In addition to the hygiene practices covered in the previous paragraphs the following special procedures are to be used for laboratory operations involving acutely toxic compounds carcinogens and toxins including reproductive toxins Special procedures for CDC USDA Select Agent toxins are found in Appendix H A hard copy of the chemical carcinogens lists is available for review in building E3330 room 283 at the
13. bleach solution or a bleach wipe and retain the wiping material in a plastic bag Wrap Parafilm wax paper around the seam of the container and lid sealing the sample from contamination or leakage e Place a custody seal over the container and Parafilm wax paper such that the seal is perpendicular to the seam of the container and its lid e Use a permanent marker to record the date and time of sample collection sample identification sample location and any other pertinent information on the container and appropriate sample documentation e g sample logbook sample collection form etc Place each container containing a biological sample into a clean self sealing bag Decontaminate bags and sample containers with disinfecting solution e Place some packing material into the outer plastic container or bag and place the primary sample container s into the outer container so that they are protected from damage during transport e Close the outer container or bag and wipe the entire outside with disposable bleach wipes e Place another sample label on the outer container or bag if the original sample label is not clearly visible e Complete a sample report prior to sample shipment An example sample report form is provided in Attachment A Figure A 1 A copy of the sample report should be maintained with sample collection and site records and a copy should accompany the samples to the AII Hazards Receipt Facility or laboratory Foll
14. e Names positions and contact information of key personnel and Health and Safety personnel e Site or event specific risk analysis Training requirements for specific events e Personal protective equipment onsite and usage requirements e Medical surveillance requirements maintain confidential documents properly and securely e Site or event control e Emergency response plan containing offsite Emergency Contact information such as local HazMat teams or additional trained rescue personnel 29 CFR 1910 38 Entry procedures e Spill containment e Decontamination procedures In the case of emergency response these plans also should ensure protection of potential evidence criminal or forensic see discussion in Section 5 2 2 3 Personal Safety Considerations The following general guidelines should be considered and followed by first responders and sample collectors following an event that may involve chemical or biological agents This guidance is general and site specific procedures should be followed on a case by case basis e Stop and assess the situation e Contact the appropriate trained personnel e Remove all non essential personnel from exposure but do not allow them to leave the site e Wear appropriate PPE e Approach the site upwind of the suspected source or contamination area e Handle contaminated materials with minimum manipulation e Maintain decontamination and contamination free zones properly e Contain al
15. funded and managed the research described here under Contract 68 W 01 034 to Computer Sciences Corporation CSC This document is currently undergoing Agency review Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document or in the methods referenced in this document does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to Rob Rothman National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development 163 U S Environmental Protection Agency 26 West Martin Luther King Jr Drive Cincinnati OH 45268 513 569 7187 rothman rob epa gov Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute ii DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 1 0 Section 2 0 2 1 22 2 3 2 4 Section 3 0 Section 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 Section 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 Section 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 Section 7 0 7 1 T2 Section 8 0 Table of Contents Scope and Application a 00 cc eee ene nee 1 Safety and Personal Protective Equipment 00005 2 Personal Protective Equipment 2 2 cie Yap i PERI eG E EST 2 Health and Safety Plas sson SAT REDE TO INR MET ru 2 Personal Safety Considerations 2 0 e eee eee ee ee eee eee 3 Hazard Exposure tity ane EXPRESS EX SRM ERA CANEMES eee eee 3 Sample Collection Equipment
16. local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue If screening cannot continue the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiological laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma scans and wipe samples will be necessary on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF In order to ensure that sufficient sample is available for laboratory testing and to protect forensics information an aliquot of sample should be removed for any further sample screening at the AHRF Determine if there is sufficient sample available to obtain an aliquot for further testing 5 6 2 1 There must be a minimum of 2 mL or 2 grams of sample to allow approximately 1 mL or 1 gram to be removed for Page 42 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 6 3 5 6 4 AHRE screening If there is less than 2 mL or 2 grams of sample halt sample screening and consult the local FBI WMD Coordinator and laboratory director for further direction 5 6 2 2 If at least 2 mL or 2 grams of sample is available proceed
17. of as toxic waste f Decontamination 1 Before containers are removed from the hood cabinet or glove box the exterior of the closed primary container should be decontaminated and placed in a clean secondary container 2 Contaminated and potentially contaminated PPE and equipment should be decontaminated using methods known to be effective against the toxin before removal from the laboratory for disposal cleaning or repair If decontamination is not possible or practical materials should be disposed of as toxic waste Materials contaminated with infectious agents as well as toxins should also be autoclaved or otherwise rendered non infectious before leaving the laboratory 3 The interior of the hood glove box or cabinet should be decontaminated periodically for example at the end of a series of related experiments Until decontamination the hood box or cabinet should be posted to indicate that toxins are in use and access to the equipment and apparatus restricted to necessary authorized personnel 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance APPENDIX I RADIONUCLEIDS AT ECBC Alpha Americium 241 AM 241 Beta gamma Tritium H 3 Carbon 14 C 14 Phosphorous 32 P 32 Cobalt 60 Co 60 Nickel 63 Ni 63 Krypton 85 Kr 85 Cesium 137 Cs 137 Barium 133 Ba 133 NOTE None of the sources in Chemical Agent Detectors Monitors are to be opened or re
18. or distribute 14 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Although COC forms vary in style format and detail the forms should contain the same minimal information required to identify the sample Procedures for filling out other styles of COC forms will be very similar It is best for the samplers to fill out the COC provided by the party receiving the samples The COC form in Figure A 4 assumes that the samplers do not know what analyses to request for the sample and that this will be decided after the sample is screened The following information should be provided and steps followed to complete COC forms General incident information sample owners contact information site name e Sample specific information for each sample that will be traveling in the same cooler transport container i e sample identification number sample type matrix grab or composite number and type of sample containers and date time sample was collected e Sign date and enter the time under Relinquished by entry Have the person receiving the sample sign the Received by entry If shipping samples by a common carrier print the carrier to be used in this space e g Federal Express UPS l facommon carrier is used enter the air bill number under Remarks in the top right corner e Place the original signed copy of the COC form in a plastic zipper type bag or other appropriate waterproof sample shipping p
19. or show the container to others 2 1 2 Request proof of identification i e government issued picture ID and documentation Review the identification against the signature on the COC 2 1 3 Interview the delivery personnel and check this information against the sample COC 2 1 3 1 Information obtained during this interview includes the following e Whether there are known potential hazards or dangers posed by the sample WARNING If hazards or dangers posed by the sample are imminent mitigate them immediately before continuing the sample receipt process If the sample is suspected to contain a specific hazard proceed to Section 3 1 for Explosives and 3 2 for Radiation If field screening for Explosives or Radiation has not been performed treat the sample as containing these materials and proceed to Sections 3 1 and or 3 2 e Identity information for any unusual substance on the outside of the transport container WARNING If an unusual substance is present on the outside of the transport container and no information can be gained regarding its identity STOP and screen the container using the procedures described in Section 3 3 e Sample type and source e Date time and location where delivery personnel first got possession of the sample e Sample condition and or containment when delivery personnel first got possession of the sample e g is there a custody seal and is it broken e Whether any of the containers are
20. processes be performed at the laboratory 6 3 1 Equipment Clean disposable nitrile gloves at least two pairs per individual Containers for suspected chemical contaminants certified clean See Tables 3 1 through 3 3 Sampling pole e g aluminum fixed or telescoping pole attached to the sample container Water sampling device e g weighted bottle samplers Containers for suspected biological contaminants sterile See Tables 3 1 through 3 3 Plastic outer container large enough to hold glass containers used to collect samples for chemical compounds typically 8 or 16 ounce wide mouth container is sufficient Quart sized self sealing plastic bags Sealing tape or Parafilm Transport container large plastic container e g cooler capable of holding primary sample container s and packing materials including ice Absorbent material for packing e g antiseptic bandage pads or non cotton cloth Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Potable water for immediate removal of any contaminated materials from skin eyes or other surfaces 6 3 2 Collection of grab samples Put on clean powder free latex nitrile or vinyl examination gloves and other required PPE prior to sampling If sampling from a spigot or other sampling port with a tap fill the containers directly from the tap All hosing or tubing should be removed from the tap prior to collection If possible let the water run before sampling so that the s
21. sample container Weighted bottle samplers are lowered below the water surface where the attached bottle is opened allowed to fill and pulled out of the water When retrieved the bottle is tightly capped and removed from the sampler assembly Specific types of weighted bottle samplers include Kemmerer or Van Dorn e Containers used to collect samples for measurement of volatile compounds should be completely filled Completely fill containers allowing for zero head space by slowly filling the container to just before overflowing Once a water dome appears at the container top close and tightly secure the cap Invert the container or vial upside down to make sure there is no air bubble present e Plastic amber glass and sterile containers should be filled to the top allowing 12 inch head space The sampler will add preservation to appropriate containers as indicated in Table 3 3 and then check the preservation The sampler will close the container invert the contents then remove the lid touch a piece of proper range pH paper to the lid and note the change in color If the paper indicates proper preservation the sampler will secure the lid and proceed If additional preservation is required it will be added and the container checked again Firmly tighten caps on all containers after preservatives have been added e Ifa water sampling device is being used it is recommended that one sampler operate the collection device while a second sample
22. 2 Sulfur is generally associated with blister agents the FSP display indicates the presence of sulfur bearing compounds as 25 September 2006 Page 50 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance bars of H with the number of bars indicating the degree of contamination 5 13 3 3 Phosphorus is generally associated with nerve agents the FSP display indicates the presence of phosphorus bearing compounds as bars of G 5 13 3 4 V type nerve agents contain both sulfur and phosphorus the FSP will display bars of H and G when they are present WARNING Since the FSP is only screening for sulfur and phosphorus any volatile compounds that bear these elements will produce a positive result 5 14 Visual Inspection of the Primary Sample 5 14 1 Record the physical properties of the sample e g color texture composition on the AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 5 15 Review Results and Documentation of Initial Screening 5 15 1 Review the AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form to ensure that all screening results have been reported 5 15 2 Consult with the receiving laboratory to determine whether the information provided by the sample COC field report and AHRF screening is considered sufficient to provide an assessment of risk to the receiving laboratory If the information is considered to be sufficient prepare the sample field report COC and facility screening report forms for transport to the la
23. 3 2 5 12 If not the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiological laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma scans and wipe samples will be necessary on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF 3 2 6 Wipe Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Procedures WARNING It is important to note that an AHRF may receive suspicious packages or containers These packages or containers should be considered to be and handled as evidence Suspicious packages should be handled as little as possible taking care to maintain the integrity of any potential evidence the package may provide e g finger prints container or material manufacturer physical particles Package handling should be minimized and wipe samples should be collected only from target areas such as the seam of the container and lid 3 2 6 1 3 2 0 2 3 2 6 3 3 2 6 4 3 2 6 5 3 2 6 6 Wipe an adequate number of locations to ensure that there is a degree of confidence that the container has been thoroughly evaluated for loose contamination The wipe locations should include the top bottom lid especially the opening handles and sides of the cont
24. 5 8 1 25 September 2006 5 8 1 1 5 8 1 2 If the sample is a liquid place one drop of liquid onto a piece of M8 paper Observe and record the results NOTE M8 paper is hydrophobic it will not be wetted by aqueous materials such as CWAs If the sample is a solid substance place the smallest amount possible onto a piece of M8 paper Gently rub it into the M8 paper to determine if there are CWA s in the substance e g VX spilled into soil Observe and record the results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form M8 Paper Results 5 8 2 1 5 8 2 2 5 8 2 3 M8 Chemical Agent Detection Paper is a chemically treated dye impregnated indicator paper The paper is hydrophobic allowing only organic liquids to be absorbed by the paper and interact with the indicator dyes Interaction between the indicator dyes and a CWA produces a pH dependent color change M8 Paper was designed to change color to indicate the presence of non persistent G type nerve agent yellow V type nerve agent dark green or blister agents red However all organic liquids will be absorbed by M8 paper and produce some color change so false positives are possible Therefore the results of M8 paper screening should be interpreted primarily as a test of whether or not a liquid sample is organic Organic liquids will be absorbed into the paper while aqueous solutions will bead on its surface Although all the nerve and blister agents are organic li
25. A sample is under a person s custody if it is in that person s possession it is in that person s view after being in that person s physical possession it was in that person s physical possession and then he she locked it up to prevent tampering that person placed it in a designated and identified secure area Note Common carriers usually will not accept responsibility for handling Chain of Custody forms This often necessitates packing the COC record in the shipping container enclosed with other documentation in a re sealable plastic bag As long as custody forms are sealed inside the shipping container and the custody seals are intact commercial carriers are not required to sign the custody form 25 September 2006 Page 72 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Example Chain of Custody Form Sample Owner and Contact Info Primary Sample Collector Print Primary Sample Collector Signature Sample Type Sample Collector s Affiliation Sample Collector s Print Sample Collector s Signature 1 Surface Water 7 Sludge If different from Sample Owner 2 Ground Water 8 Waste Sample Collector s Print Sample Collector s Signature 3 Potable Water 9 Air 4 Wastewater 10 Powder 5 Leachate 11 Petroleum 6 Soil Sediment 12 Other Description of Packaging Container s and Preservation if added Relinquished By Print Name and Affiliation x Received By Print Name and Affiliation PES i PY oy ele ss
26. Beta threshold 2200 dpm 100 cm These thresholds are taken from the USEPA s Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water Criteria and Procedures Quality Assurance 5th Edition EPA 815 R 05 004 Jan 2005 and is recommended by the USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Each facility should set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If results of the direct read are less than twice the average background and thus less than the thresholds proceed with Section 3 3 and Section 4 below If the direct alpha beta radiation screens indicate radiation above twice the average background level either the typical background or a background level that has been determined for the AHRF proceed to Section 3 2 6 and perform a wipe test on the outside of the sample transport container to determine if removable contamination is present If screening results indicate alpha and or beta dose rates greater than the threshold halt AHRF screening procedures Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available or other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Consult a radiological technician local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue Page 26 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 25 11
27. Betapasdeles Expl dves Thermal susceptibility test e Explosive materials S to be performed in the biosafety l i cabinet outside of the glove box Energetic materials e Most volatile organic compounds VOCs Device does not identify or distinguish between VOCs Photoionization Detector PID e Nerve agents GA GB GD VX ee oe Gas Indicator Blood agents CK AC e Blister agents H HD HN HT and Chemical Lewisite S vos e Choking agents CG e Water miscibility solubility pH Paper Starch Iodide Paper e Acidity e Oxidizers Colorimetric enzyme test CWA nerve agent detection kit Nerve agents GA GB GD VX 25 September 2006 Page 7 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Table 2 Specific Compounds Targeted by the AHRF Screening Equipment Chemical Warfare Agents Nerve GA Tabun GB Sarin GD Soman Organophosphate nerve agents VX Blister H Mustard agents HD Distilled mustard HN Nitrogen mustard HT Sulfur mustard Lewisite Blood AC Hydrogen cyanide CK Cyanogen chloride Choking CG Phosgene Chemical compounds Arsine Arsenic Chlorine Cyanide Fluoride Hydrocyanic acid Hydrogen sulfide Oxidizers Explosive Agents Ammonium nitrate Barium nitrate Black Powder Bromides DNT Dinitrotoluene EGDN Ethylene glycol dinitrate HMTPD Hexamethylenetriperoxidediamine HMX Octogen Lead styphnate Nitro cellulose Nitro glycerin
28. Corps of Engineers Kansas City District Final Sampling and Analysis Plan Remedial Action Chemical Insecticide Corporation Superfund Site Edison Township Middlesex County New Jersey June 2003 CSI US Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs January 2000 Eastern Research Group Inc prepared for USEPA Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory Report on the Homeland Security Workshop on Transport and Disposal of Wastes from Facilities Contaminated with Chemical or Biological Agents EPA 600 R 04 065 November 2003 Electronic Code of Federal Regulations e CFR Title 40 Protection of Environment Part 243 Guidelines for the Storage and Collection of Residential Commercial and Institutional Solid Waste http ecfr gpoaccess gov cgi t text text idx c ecfr amp sid 6fd205ef7b5ad1e35 1ab8 1b7ad497440 amp rg n div5 amp view text amp node 40 24 0 1 4 31 amp idno 40 Electronic Code of Federal Regulations e CFR Title 49 Transportation http ecfr gpoaccess gov cgi t text text idx sid ec87000b853a02ac65fb64e6ba2e4c78 amp c ecfr amp tp 1 2Findex tpl ER 1110 1 263 Data Quality Management for Hazardous Toxic Radioactive Waste Remedial Activities Federal Bureau of Investigation Handbook of Forensic Services 2003 http www fbi gov hq lab handbook forensics pdf FedEx http www fedex com Hazardous Materials Shipping Laboratory Safety Supply Inc Domestic P
29. Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute iii DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Appendices Appendix A Example Forms Example Sample Report Portis 4 2 54 boas es XR Ge Ret a RA EREERACEEG A I Example Field Testing Report Form 0 cece cece cece eee n A 2 Example Photograph Log cc five se ey eee EIU RIEN en EAS A 3 Example Chain of Custody Form ves x antigo wea eas E A 4 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute iv DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 1 0 Scope and Application This document is intended to provide guidance regarding the collection of environmental samples to be measured for biological or chemical contaminants in response to a contamination event or emergency The Sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events was developed to support the U S Environmental Protection Agency s EPA AII Hazards Receipt Facility protocols designed to protect receiving laboratories from unknown hazards The procedures in this document describe sample collection only and assume that an initial site evaluation has been performed and the site has been cleared for radiological contamination or explosive devices The samples collected using these procedures are assumed to contain unknown biological and or chemical contaminants Procedures that are included in analytical and collection methodologies should be consu
30. Field Testing Procedures Manual NAVSEA T0300 AZ PRO 010 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 32 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 7 0 Sample Packaging and Shipment The following information provides guidelines for proper packaging labeling and shipping of unknown sample containers This information reflects current regulations from the Code of Federal Regulations EPA documents and DOT information sources Additional information and applicability can be obtained from common carriers Hazardous Material Center hotlines 7 1 Unknown Environmental Samples Chemical and Biological This section describes the procedures for properly packaging and shipping unknown contaminants contained in environmental samples collected from a contaminated site These procedures will be performed after all samples have been collected and placed in the proper containers and sealed in containment bags The U S Environmental Protection Agency does not generally regulate biologically active substances or wastes Biohazards should be communicated through labeling and biohazards signs Where biologically active substances and wastes are used handled or stored sampling personnel should use the universal biohazard symbol 7 1 1 Packaging e Samples requiring cooling as a preservative should be placed in a cooler overpack with ice immediately to assure sample temperature does not exceed preser
31. Glassware should be inspected before each use Damaged items shall be repaired or discarded in containers designated Glass Only 2 Glassware used for pressure or vacuum service shall be designed specifically for that purpose Damaged or repaired glassware should not be used for pressure or vacuum operations Pressure or vacuum operations shall be adequately shielded 3 Broken glass shall not be handled directly be hand Tongs forceps or a dustpan and broom shall be used to clean up the glass e Chemical Hoods The following work practices shall be used to ensure adequate hood performance 1 Laboratory Hoods shall be appropriately certified for the chemicals in use during the operation 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 Work with the hood sash opened to the established hood certified height during the operation Do not place your head inside the hood 3 Keep all apparatus and containers at least 20 centimeters 8 inches behind the face to maximize containment for surety hoods unless there is an approved exemption from the RRO This is a CA requirement Bio toxins are not required to be behind the 20cm line This is a recommendation only 4 Keep the slot in front of the lower hood baffle free from obstructions e g spill trays Elevate all necessary apparatus and equipment 5 Minimize the storage of chemicals or hazardous waste inside the hood Use approved cabine
32. Hot Zone to restrict entry and collect potentially contaminated materials This zone is a Decontamination Zone All persons who enter the Hot Zone would be required to exit the Hot Zone into the Decontamination Zone removing all PPE Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 18 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 and washing all equipment prior to entering the clean zone The area also provides a known staging area and emergency wash area 5 5 General Guidance The following general guidelines should be considered and followed prior to sample collection e tis recommended that at least two personnel are involved in sample collection The primary sampler has control of the sampling activity and is responsible for physical sample collection filling the containers and cleaning the outside of the containers The second sample collector or technician is responsible for labeling packaging record keeping and communication with the outside zones If site geography or the contamination warrants a third person with the sole task of record keeping should accompany the sampling team This third party will carry any cameras and will stay in frequent radio communication with others outside of the Hot Zone e Review any available information regarding the site or contamination event to determine if any additional equipment or PPE is needed It is better to be prepared than to risk exposure to the sampl
33. Industrial Pyrotechnics other specify AGENCY NAME AND OR DIVISION Title BL 2 BL 3 Laboratory Safety Operations SOP ___ assigned by Risk Reduction Office Submitted by Team Leader Division Chief Environmental Quality Office Risk Reduction Office Approved by Director APPROVAL DATE Prepared by Name Office Symbol SOP TITLE BL 2 BL 3 Laboratory Safety Operations 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance I have read and understand or have had read to me and understand the general and specific safety and environmental requirements personnel and hazardous material limits work description and inspection requirements described in this SOP and Preparation of Standing Operating Procedures Signature Date 1 SCOPE OF WORK This SOP outlines the standard requirements and safeguards for operating a BSL2 and a BSL3 laboratory for the processing of unknown biological samples for the presence of various etiologic agents bacteria molds and yeasts and biological toxins 2 Responsibilities a The established supervisor and operator responsibilities will comply with the instructions provided in Appendix A b Additional Nonstandard Responsibilities All personnel will comply with 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 Personnel who are immunocompromised
34. Risk Reduction Office An electronic list of chemical carcinogens covered by this section is found at the following Internet sites 1 International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC http 193 51 164 1 1 monoeval crthall html 2 National Toxicology Program http ntp server niehs nih gov Main pages NTP 8RoC pg html 3 Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA http www osha slc gov SLTC carcinogens index html 4 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH Appendix G b Storage and Distribution 1 Acutely toxic compounds carcinogens and toxins including reproductive toxins should be segregated from other chemicals and stored in a well ventilated area When available ventilated cabinets shall be used for storage 2 Cabinets shall be posted with AMSSB Form 1042 DANGER CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN AMSSB Form 1037 CAUTION CANCER SUSPECT AGENT or AMSSB Form 1026 CAUTION TOXIC AGENTS as appropriate 3 Storage of unopened containers presents no special hazards Once opened volatile chemicals shall be sealed with parafilm or tape or overpacked in an unbreakable container 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 Acutely toxic compressed gases shall be stored in a chemical hood or gas cabinet Storage shall be kept to the minimum required to do the work 5 Acutely toxic compounds carcinogens or toxins including reproductive toxins
35. September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Chemical Biological Services Division and operating personnel shall complete a hazard analysis of each operation b A pre operational survey shall be conducted by the Chemical Biological Services Division to identify health safety environmental and chemical agent where applicable issues before any new operation may begin The SOP shall not be approved until the pre operational survey is completed 8 Procurement a Purchase requests for chemicals and toxins should be ordered using DA Form 3953 Purchase Request and Commitment Personnel shall order the smallest quantity necessary to complete the work The Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS shall be listed on the bill of lading as an item to be delivered with the chemical and toxin materials b Laboratory personnel should review health and safety data on chemicals and toxins before receipt to determine special requirements for handling storage and disposal The MSDS is available from the specific manufacturer Additional assistance is available through the ECBC Technical Library and the Risk Reduction Office c Personnel shall inspect containers upon receipt to ensure they are intact and not leaking All containers shall be labeled IAW 29 CFR 1910 1200 Damaged or unlabeled containers shall not be accepted 9 Chemical Storage a Central Storerooms 1 New facilities shall be provided with central
36. Water Reactive Chemicals 1 Water reactive chemicals shall be segregated from other chemical storage These chemicals should be stored in approved cabinets designed IAW NFPA 30 If approved cabinets are not available containers should be over packed in a metal can during storage A list of some water reactive chemicals is found in appendix D 2 Water reactive chemicals should not be stored with flammable or combustible liquids unless specifically recommended by prudent chemical storage guidelines Cabinets used for storage of water reactive chemicals shall be posted CAUTION WATER REACTIVE CHEMICAL Such guidelines should be forwarded to the CHO f Shock Sensitive Chemicals 1 Unless the manufacturer has added an inhibitor unopened containers of shock sensitive chemicals should be turned in after 12 months of storage Once opened shock sensitive chemicals should be turned in after 6 months of storage 2 Shock sensitive chemicals shall be prominently noted on the inventory A list of some shock sensitive chemicals is found at appendix E g Toxic Chemicals 1 Toxic chemicals should be segregated from other chemicals and stored in a closed cabinet The cabinet shall be posted with AMSSB Form 1047 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL Flammable toxic chemicals shall be stored IAW paragraph 9d 2 Toxic chemicals should be stored in a well ventilated area The storage of unopened containers presents no unusual hazards Once opened containers s
37. a small amount of sample to a flame and observing the type of reaction Thermal Susceptibility Test Procedures 5 7 2 1 Place the smallest visible amount of sample possible on the end of a stainless steel micro spatula 5 7 2 To avoid sample ignition from possible back flash transfer the sample portion to a Class II biosafety cabinet to perform this test 5 7 2 3 Insert the sample into the flame of a small hand held gas lighter e g butane grill lighter with an extended reach 5 7 2 4 Observe reaction See Section 5 7 2 and record the results on the AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form Page 43 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 7 3 Thermal Susceptibility Test Results 5 7 3 1 If a small explosion rapid burning deflagration or energy release is observed it is strong evidence that explosive materials may be present Halt sample screening and contact the appropriate local agency and the local FBI WMD Coordinator WARNING Some secondary explosives are very stable e g ammonium nitrate and will not show any reaction to the thermal susceptibility test However ammonium nitrate is sometimes mixed with an accelerant such as diesel fuel which will screen positive for organic vapor during the PID screening 5 7 3 2 If no response is noted to this test continue the screening process with Section 5 8 5 8 Water Solubility and Reactivity Test M8 Paper Test Procedures
38. all weather pens Extra containers for discarding the liquid near the phase boundaries Ruler or tape measure Camera Disposable nitrile gloves Sealable bags thick trash bags Sturdy shipping container Sample labels chain of custody forms field notebook permanent marker all weather pens Ruler or tape measure Camera pH paper Preservation chemicals Table 3 2 provides a recommended set of containers and preservatives that can be used for aqueous samples when dealing with a suspected contaminant or contaminant class If the sample collectors are responding to an incident in a potential drinking water source or utility and the contaminant is unknown it is recommended that all of the containers listed in Tables 3 2 and 3 3 be used for sample collection Sampling teams may not have this variety of containers and preservatives on hand at short notice If this is the case sample collectors should try to follow Table 3 2 as closely as possible taking several extra non preserved containers to allow the laboratory to confirm analysis If the contaminant or contaminant class is known a subset of the containers and preservatives listed in Tables 3 2 and 3 3 can be used Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 10 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Table 3 2 Containers for Drinking Water Samples Sampie Type Container Type Volatiles Glass with Teflon lined septa 2 S
39. and operations required Specific guidance for selection of PPE is provided in Appendix B to 29 CFR 1910 120 Factors that should be considered during selection include contaminant identification routes of exposure i e inhalation skin absorption ingestion and injection performance of equipment in protecting against exposure activity duration and stress induced by work requirements Because the use of PPE can also cause hazards to workers e g heat stress impaired vision and mobility care should be taken to provide a level of protection that is sufficient to prevent exposure yet is not too high so as to create other unnecessary hazards Most HazMat response teams are required to wear either Level A or Level B PPE when responding to an emergency call Level A protection should be selected when the greatest level of skin respiratory and eye protection is required It consists of a self contained breathing apparatus SCBA with a fully encapsulated chemical resistant suit under positive pressure Level B protection is used for situations where complete protection against inhaled substances is needed but a lesser level of skin protection than Level A is required Small portions of skin are exposed to the atmosphere when in Level B therefore this level may be appropriate when the atmosphere does not pose any threat to the sampler via skin contact All PPE used should be inspected and certified for use at each site via a qualified person P
40. and visual alarms Each hood or set of ganged hoods should have a continuous monitoring device to allow convenient confirmation of adequate hood performance before use however general chemistry hoods may use swinging arm anemometers d Prior to each day s operation the laboratory operator shall use a swinging vane anemometer to check hood face velocity If the average of at least three centerline readings is less than 80 fpm 120 fpm for existing hoods operations shall not begin Personnel shall notify the Risk Reduction Office immediately and prepare a work order to have the system repaired The hood must be labeled to indicate that it is not operable Once the work has been completed the Risk Reduction Office shall be contacted to arrange for hood certification e Prior to conducting operations with perchloric acid contact the Risk Reduction Office to confirm if appropriate engineering controls are available The hood to be used must be designed to provide adequate airflow wash down provisions and is not used for any other purpose that may release organic materials into the hood Organic materials and perchloric acid may crystallize on the interior surfaces of the ductwork and pose an explosive hazard 2 Glove Boxes a Glove boxes shall be maintained at a negative pressure of at least 0 25 inches water gauge except during temporary opening of the ports e g glove clamps A manometer or differential pressure gauge shall be ins
41. detector in the opening of the bag as close to the open end of the sample container as possible Close the bag as much as possible with the end of the detector inside the containment bag Observe the readings for a few minutes and record the highest reading The bag will trap any airborne VOCs and combustible gases from the sample Hold the detector in the same location until the results remain constant record the reading on the Facility Sample Screening Results Form 5 4 3 CGI and PID Screening Results 5 4 3 1 25 September 2006 CGI and PID results only indicate elevated levels of combustible gases or VOCs in the sample not specific threats Page 40 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance In addition the CGI and PID screening tools are influenced by changes in environmental sampling conditions temperature humidity etc which could produce anomalous results Positive results may indicate the presence of flammable explosive or toxic hazards and the sample must be treated with caution Additional screening will be required 5 5 Primary Sample Screen for Radiation 5 5 Radiation Screen Background 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 2 5 5 1 3 A direct read alpha beta screen using an alpha beta scintillator with data logger will be done on the primary sample The test measures alpha beta radiation from the sample without the shielding that may have been provided by the primary or transport sample containe
42. disinfect and remove contaminants from the lip of the vial Equipment Articles Leaving the Laboratory Equipment articles leaving the laboratory must be effectively decontaminated by chemical decontaminations or other verifiable method Equipment articles include primary sample containers sample preparation equipment and analytical instrumentation Alternative decontamination protocols will be coordinated with the Director of the laboratory and the Biosafety Advisor prior to removing items from the containment DNA and other genetic elements which have been separated from viable etiologic agents can be removed from containment providing that 1 samples of DNA or other genetic material are screened for viability prior to release and are demonstrated to be nonviable and 2 prior to written approval is obtained from the Director of the laboratory and the Biosafety Advisor Protective Clothing and Equipment in the BSL 2 Laboratory Laboratory coat or disposable Tyvek laboratory coat A clean laboratory coat will be worn by all personnel over their personal clothes and removed before exiting the BSL 2 facility or a disposable laboratory coat will be worn and disposed of as hazardous waste upon finishing work in the BSL 2 lab Gloves All personnel working in the BSL 2 laboratory with hazardous organisms will don nitrile or equivalent gloves In some instances double gloving may be appropriate If a spill occurs hands will be protected after t
43. ecceseeeesecseeeeceeeecsaeeeeesecaeesecnaesecsaeceessesaeeeeeneeeeeaees 41 5 6 SampleSplitting 252 iie Hee eo teer t Reid hala etre ep beer ar RE 42 5 7 Thermal Susceptibility Test eene nnne entren trennen etre reine nre nnen ne 43 5 8 Water Solubility and Reactivity Test nennen nenne trennen 44 5 9 DB 3 Dye Test for Alkylating Agents sssessseeseeeeeeeeenereneenneneennen rennen enne trennen trennen enne 46 5 10 pH Paper Test eee eheu tte e A Ee ee gU et a aide eae rg ON 47 5 11 Starch lodide Test non ects hU Rb hn Eo o de e DA p pe ie ees 47 5 12 Primary Sample Screen for Nerve Agents sesssssseeeeeeeeeneenen eene tnnn nee nr enntnnenne 48 5 13 Primary Sample Optional Screen using IMS and or FSP essere 50 5 14 Visual Inspection of the Primary Sample sess nene nre enne 51 5 15 Review Results and Documentation of Initial Screening sees 51 6 0 Additional Chemical Screening of the Primary Sample ssss 32 6 1 For Liquid or Aqueous Samples essent eene nennen eene nre enne enne 52 62 ForSolid Samples obsedit e d 52 7 0 Shipment to the Receiving Laboratory sese 53 7 4 AHRF Screening Results Forms Review eene nre nennen nennen trennen enne 53 7 2 Contacting Authorities Receiving Laboratory eese nennen ener 53 7 3 Packag
44. field notebook permanent marker all weather pens Ruler or tape measure Camera DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants D m 1 ChemicalHazards Biological Hazards eee liquid samples with aiast tube April 26 2006 Certified clean sample tube 4 oz or larger certified clean glass container with a Teflon lined lid Outer plastic container Absorbent material for packing between glass and plastic containers Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Decontaminated sampling implement if necessary Pipettes See Table 3 2 or 3 3 for containers Custody seal and sample label Parafilm wax paper Absorbent material for packing between glass and plastic containers Outer plastic container Sterile sample tube Sterile plastic container with a Teflon lined lid Sealable transparent bags Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Pipettes Outer plastic container or bag Sterilized sampling implement if necessary Pipettes See Table 3 2 or 3 3 for containers Sealable transparent bags Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Custody seal and sample label Parafilm wax paper Outer plastic container or bag Disposable nitrile gloves Sealable bags thick trash bags Sturdy shipping container Sample labels chain of custody forms field notebook permanent marker
45. fires will be reported to the fire department as soon as possible Eating drinking smoking and application of cosmetics will not be allowed in the laboratory area These items will not be carried or stored in lab areas 6 Safety Requirements All personnel working in the laboratory must be adequately trained to perform their job and comply with all safety policies and procedures Individuals must know the risks associated with their assigned duties and take appropriate safety precautions when performing these duties Laboratory personnel must understand the selection use and limitations of personal protective equipment PPE When a procedure requires the use of PPE individuals must use it properly All laboratory staff members must be familiar with all of the emergency procedures including contact in formation prior to any accidental spills exposures fires etc All employees are responsible for reporting any unsafe acts to their supervisor and or safety officer BSL 2 Entry Exit Requirements 1 2 3 4 The BSL 2 laboratory doors will be kept closed and locked at all times At no time will minors under the age of 18 be allowed in the BSL 2 facility Personnel who are or suspected to be immunodeficient or immunocompromised cannot enter the BSL 2 laboratory Visitors can only enter the laboratory if etiological agents are double contained and all work surfaces have been decontaminated with 70 ethanol or equivalent Operations w
46. following typically used procedures is included in the Navy Environmental Compliance Sampling and Field Testing Procedures Manual NAVSEA TO300 AZ PRO 010 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 31 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Whole air samples collected into a bag jar canister glass globe Concentrated samples collected using passive sampling badges active air samplers i e high flow or low flow pumps or solid sorbents large volumes of air are passed through a series of adsorbing cartridges Particulates collected using filtration impactors or impingers Additional information and guidance regarding collection of air samples can be found in National Institute of Safety and Health NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods 4 Edition DHHS NIOSH Publication 94 113 August 1994 1 Supplement Publication 96 135 2 Supplement Publication 98 119 3 Supplement 2003 154 Tetra Tech EM Inc prepared for USEPA Region 5 Emergency Response Branch Biological Agent Sampling Guidelines and Analytical Approach for Regional Counterterrorism Response Plans August 5 2003 U S Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods U S Environmental Protection Agency Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air U S Navy Navy Environmental Compliance Sampling and
47. handling should be minimized and wipe samples should be collected only from target areas such as the seam of the container and lid 4 1 Optional Ion Mobility Spectrophotometer IMS and Flame Spectrophotometer FSP Screening and Unpacking the Transport Container 4 1 1 IMS and FSP Background 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 5 The FSP and IMS screens are optional If only one of these instruments is available the FSP is recommended due to its sensitivity Refer to the manufacturer s user manual and be aware of the results produced by and limitations of the equipment used Most brands of IMS detectors will identify only the class of CWA i e nerve blister irritant that is present in a sample if more than one CWA has been pre programmed into the instrument If the IMS identifies more than one CWA in a sample only the CWA class will be displayed on the readout The numerical value assigned to an IMS reading does not correspond to a specific concentration The IMS will identify the compound and give a relative reading If an IMS becomes saturated with a high concentration of a chemical it will go into back flush mode to prevent damage to the detector When in back flush mode the instrument cannot be used If the back flush mode is indicated during a sample screen the sample is suspected to contain significant quantities of CWAs FSP detectors provide only an indication of whether a phosphorous or sulfur compoun
48. met Additional preservatives should be on site to properly adjust the sampled material in case of buffering or other interferences Caution should be observed when adding sample material to a preservative or when adding a preservative to a sample Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 8 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Table 3 1 Sample Collection Equipment sims NEM MN Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Solid samples Two 4 oz or larger certified clean glass container with a Teflon lined lid Outer plastic container Absorbent material for packing between glass and plastic containers Certified clean scoop spoon spatula or scalpel Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper _Cusiody seal and sample label Certified clean cotton swab or wipe Outer plastic container Absorbent material for packing between glass and plastic containers Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Certified clean sample syringe and blunt tip needle 4 oz or larger certified clean glass container with a Teflon lined lid Outer plastic container Absorbent material for packing between glass and plastic containers Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Sterile plastic container with a Teflon lined lid 50 mL centrifuge tubes Steril
49. occurrence such as but not limited to equipment failure container rupture or engineering control failure which results in the release of a hazardous chemical into the work place Employee An individual employed in a laboratory who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the course of his her employment Explosive A chemical that causes a sudden almost instantaneous release of pressure gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock pressure or high temperature Flammable aerosol An aerosol that when tested by the method described in Title 16 CFR part 1500 45 yields flame protection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening or a flashback at any degree of valve opening Flammable gas A gas that at ambient temperature and pressure forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less or a gas that at ambient temperature and pressure forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume regardless of the lower limit 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Flammable liquid A liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees F except any mixture having components with flash points of 100 F or higher the total of which makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture Also known as a Class I liquid These are further divided into 1 Class 1A which includes liquids having flash points below 73 degrees F and boiling points below
50. of the container lid opening handles and container seams preform a direct read alpha beta scan of the sample transport container Scan the container as close to its surface as possible e g 1 4 inch from the surface of the container without allowing the instrumentation to come in contact with the surface Page 25 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 32415 25 September 2006 3 2 4 4 3 2 4 5 3 2 4 6 3 2 4 7 Observe the meter reading and listen to the meter Positive responses are in different click tones for either alpha or beta If a positive reading occurs select either alpha or beta on the toggle switch to obtain a true reading NOTE It may be necessary to change scales to maintain on scale readings These counts are converted to counts per minute and then to an activity unit either disintegrations per minute dpm or Bequerels Bq The activity is then calculated for the area of the screen See Appendix F References Record the alpha and beta counts on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Results 3 2 5 1 3 2 5 2 3 2 5 3 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 5 3 2 5 6 3 2 5 1 3 2 5 8 3 2 5 9 3 2 5 10 Typical background for alpha radiation is 5 to 20 micro R Typical background for beta radiation is 5 to 20 micro R The recommended alpha and beta thresholds are Alpha threshold 22 dpm 100 cm
51. of the liquid onto pH paper Observe and record the results If the sample is a liquid or solid and is miscible soluble in water place one drop of the miscibility solubility solution see Section 5 8 onto pH paper Observe and record the results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 5 10 2 pH Paper Test Results 5 11 Starch Iodide Test 5 10 2 1 5 10 2 2 5 10 2 3 5 10 2 4 pH paper can only be used on aqueous solutions Generally a pH value that is less than 4 and greater than 8 would suggest that a CWA is not a major constituent However this is not definitive since the production process and purification or lack of procedure may influence the pH If the results indicate that the pH is between 4 and 8 proceed with potassium iodide starch paper screening See Section 5 11 If the results indicate that the pH is less than 4 or greater than 8 record the physical properties of the sample and assess how to proceed with additional screening since the enzyme test described in Section 5 12 will not be accurate 5 11 1 Starch Iodide Paper Test Background 25 September 2006 5 11 1 1 Starch iodide paper is used to test for the presence of oxidizing compounds Oxidizers in the sample convert the iodide ions to elemental iodine to form triiodide and pentaiodide ions These ions react with the starch to produce a blue complex Therefore development of a blue purple color upon introduction of the sample indicates th
52. on ice and chilled to 4 C 2 C Place ice inside Ziplock bags Place each bag of ice inside a second Ziplock bag Place the bagged ice around among and on top of the sample bottles to assure samples will arrive at the laboratory or screening facility at 4 C 2 C The liner bag is then secured with a twist tie or knot Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 33 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 7 2 e The paperwork e g original copy of COC going to the laboratory is placed inside a plastic bag The bag is sealed and taped to the inside of the cooler lid The last block of the COC form should indicate the overnight carrier and the associated air bill number A copy of the COC is retained with the project document files The air bill must be filled out before the samples are handed over to the carrier e The cooler is closed and taped shut with strapping tape filament type by running the tape around both ends of the cooler at least two times Do not use standard plastic shipping tape e At least two signed custody seals are placed on the cooler one on the front and one on the side to maintain the integrity of the sample custody process e A copy of the COC and the air bill should be faxed to the laboratory to assist in tracking of potentially mis routed coolers 7 1 2 Shipping Samples by federal law may be transported only by authorized carriers Government specified carri
53. or immunodeficient will not work in the laboratories Workers who have a change in their medical status condition are required to notify the laboratory supervisor and arrange for a medical re evaluation conducted by an accredited physician 2 Viable organisms and biological toxins may not be removed from the laboratory unless double contained in unbreakable leak proof containers and must include written consent from the Director of the Biological Facility The exterior surfaces of the primary and secondary container will be thoroughly decontaminated with 0 5 sodium hypochlorite or equivalent The secondary container must be labeled and include the universal biohazard symbol 3 Materials to be used BSL 2 Bacterias molds yeasts toxins BSL 3 same as the BSL 2 Chemicals 5 Sodium Hypochlorite or equivalent ECOH Deionized Water The Director of the Biological Laboratory facility will maintain an inventory of all controlled or hazardous materials used in the laboratory 4 Tools and Equipment Glovebox see manual for glovebox operation 5 Hazards For general bio laboratory precautions see appendix B For biological hazard descriptions see appendix C BSL 2 microorganisms Organisms associated with human disease Routes of entry for these hazards are auto inoculation ingestion and mucus membrane exposure Persons who are immunocompromised or immunosuppressed may be at an increased risk of acquiring infections and are not allowed to p
54. pieces of evidence and if so whether they have been placed in an appropriate containment bag 25 September 2006 Page 16 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance e How sample is contained i e primary secondary transport container etc e Contacts or responsible parties e Comments or observations regarding conditions of sample transport 2 1 4 Identify the sample by type Sample type categories includes the following e Water e g groundwater drinking water stream reservoir other water body e Soil e g surface sub surface e Liquids e g oils leachate detergent e Petroleum product or solvent based e g car explosion chemical leak e Solids e g powder chips scraped off of a surface e Wipes e g cloth with or without a solvent e Air filters e g filters from field sampling equipment automotive vehicles or equipment operating in direct area Suspicious packages e Gas bombs or canisters e g vacuum filled pressurized containers WARNING The AHRF is not equipped to handle gas bombs canisters or gas cylinders that are under pressure Handle with extreme caution and immediately obtain the assistance of a bomb squad to remove it 2 1 5 Identify samples by known and unknown sources e Known source collected by a field technician or remote sensing monitoring equipment and controlled in a sample container e Unknown source discovered by field technician or agen
55. proceed to Section 3 3 M8 Paper Screen to perform the screening of the primary sample container s If the wipe is above the threshold levels See Section 4 3 5 1 attempt to decontaminate the container using a wet cloth Dispose of all cleaning materials as radioactive material Re wipe the surface of the container and count the wipes following the procedure above See Section 4 3 4 Evaluate the results against the established thresholds See Section 4 3 5 1 If they are less then the thresholds proceed to Section 4 4 unless there is an unusual substance presence on the transport container as discussed in Section 2 2 if so then proceed to Section 3 3 M8 Paper Screen to perform the screening of the primary sample container s If the results are still above the thresholds the container cannot be easily decontaminated halt AHRF screening procedures Wrap the container in plastic and other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available Consult a radiological technician local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue If screening cannot continue the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiological laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma
56. reaction several hours in low concentrations Rapid within minutes Rapid within minutes Relatively rapid within 30 minutes DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Table 2 2 Biological Agents and Effects Note This table was taken from the Laboratory Safety Supply Inc Domestic Preparedness and Response a Guide for First Responders Spring 2005 Catalog Disease Biological Agent Type Physiological Effects Time common Agent name to Effect name Anthrax Bacillus Bacteria Mild fever and fatigue worsening to severe 1 5 days anthracis respiratory disorders high fever and excessively rapid pulse rate Death can occur within 5 12 days of exposure if left untreated Pulmonary anthrax is fatal more than 90 of the time Botulinum Clostridium Biotoxin Initial symptoms include extreme weakness 2 36 Toxin botulinum nausea headaches and intestinal pain leading to hours respiratory paralysis that may cause death Yersinia Bacteria Fever headache and rapid heart rate followed by 2 3 days pestis pneumonia and hemorrhaging of the skin and mucous membranes Untreated plague pneumonia fatalities approach 10096 but early treatment can reduce mortality to as low as 596 Ricinus Biotoxin Initial symptoms include high fever pain cough Several communis and shortness of breath after several days severe hours castor bean dehydration and a decrease in urine blood plant pressure If death
57. regarding the sample s background is documented i e collection packaging transport handling hazards etc Each sample received at the AHRF should have a corresponding COC form An example COC is provided as Attachment 3 The COC form should provide information regarding sample transfer including any occasion during which a sample may have been left unattended Each sample that is delivered to the AHRF should have an accompanying sample field report or emergency sample form The information provided in these documents should be reviewed and evaluated to assist in determining the type and extent of Facility screening that will be performed as well as the type and extent of personal protection and safety precautions that are necessary This information also may be used by laboratories along with AHRF screening results to determine the type and extent of laboratory analysis and safety precautions necessary 25 September 2006 Page 15 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance These documents should be reviewed to verify and evaluate sample transport information prior to bringing the sample into the AHRF and prior to initiation of any screening 2 1 1 Have the delivery personnel place the transport container on a stable surface in a sample receipt staging area Immediately notify others in the AHRE that a sample has arrived WARNING Do not shake or move the transport container unnecessarily Do not sniff touch
58. sample field report for completeness and suspicious indicators and update it as necessary At a minimum this report should include the following information e Location date and time of sample collection e Sample identification number e If field tests have been performed the field report should contain the types of tests performed e g specific chemical biological radioactivity explosives field measurements the testing equipment used date and time testing was performed the results of the tests and the person s performing each test e Noted environmental and or human health impacts e Name s of field personnel collecting the sample and performing field tests These reports also may include information regarding e Reason for sample collection e Event description e Risk assessment e Number of people exposed type of exposure and symptoms e g blistering skin eye nose mouth irritation disorientation respiratory problems convulsions death none e Sample type e g envelope package swab swipe air water and source of water soil petroleum product or solvent e Physical state of sample e g solid liquid gas e Sample appearance e g granular powder oily color e Sample amount approximate Page 18 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance e Preservative or other chemical or material if any added to the sample e Identification of person s who have been inform
59. sample in water provide potential indicators of the class of CWA that may be present in a sample Trends in the physical properties of classes of CWA are helpful in interpreting the results of water solubility miscibility testing Generally the G type nerve agents are miscible in water while the V type nerve agents are moderately soluble in water If the sample is an organic liquid that is soluble or miscible in water but not reactive proceed with pH paper screening All follow on screening tests are performed using the aqueous sample solution Lewisite is soluble in and mildly reactive with water As Lewisite is hydrolyzed it forms a white precipitate Lewisite oxide This precipitate may form in the vial during solubility miscibility testing If there is a precipitate formed test the pH of the sample solution the hydrolysis of Lewisite will make the pH of the solution acidic pH lt 4 If the results of solubility miscibility testing indicate a mildly reactive sample that produces a precipitate and an acidic sample solution a presumptive positive for Lewisite should be reported If the pH of the sample solution is between 4 and 8 proceed with potassium iodide starch paper screening If the results indicate that the pH is greater than 8 record the physical Page 45 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 8 4 4 5 8 4 5 5 8 4 6 5 8 4 7 properties of the sample and assess how to proceed with ad
60. scans and wipe samples will be necessary on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF 4 4 Primary Sample Container Screen for Explosives Perform an explosive screen using a colorimetric test kit with wipe samples There are commercially available colorimetric test kits that use multiple reagents to indicate the presence and identification of different types of explosive compounds These kits usually require collection of one or two wipe samples which are then exposed to a series of reagents If a color change occurs after exposure to a reagent it indicates that a certain type of explosive compound is present 4 4 25 September 2006 Page 35 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance WARNING If the sample container is considered to be a piece of evidence wipe only the seam between the container and its lid Wipe only part of the seam for each wipe sample taken because two to three wipes are needed for the explosives screen and one wipe with M8 paper is needed for the CWA screen see Section 3 3 4 4 2 Collect a wipe sample by wiping a representative area e g 2 x 2 inch depending on container size of the container or containment bag on all six sides top bottom r
61. secondary containment vessels inside the fume hood or equivalent environmental enclosure See Section 4 2 2 2 4 3 If possible photograph the transport container and all labels placards seals etc 2 2 4 4 If the sample transport container is damaged discolored or leaking place the container in a secondary container to control possible spillage prior to transferring the sample to the glove box Ensure that no personnel have any direct contact with the leaking substance Increased PPE may be necessary including respiratory protection See Attachment 1 Proceed to Section 3 3 to mitigate this hazard 2 3 Receive Sample and Assign Sample Tracking Identification 2 3 1 Transfer custody of the sample to AHRF personnel 2 3 1 1 Document sample receipt and release using signature date time and location of the transfer NOTE Each person accepting custody of the sample accepts the responsibility for ensuring the integrity and security of that sample 2 3 1 2 Have delivery personnel sign the Sample Receipt Form Attachment 2 and the sample COC Attachment 3 Ensure they include their printed name affiliation date and time along with their signature 2 3 2 Enter an AHRF sample tracking identification number on the sample label container or containment bag NOTE The sample tracking identification number may be identical to the sample ID number used on the COC 25 September 2006 Page 20 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Fac
62. self sealing bag Decontaminate bags and sample containers with disinfecting solution Place some packing material into the outer plastic container or bag and place the primary sample container s into the outer container so that they are protected from damage during transport e Close the outer container and wipe the entire outside of the container with disposable bleach wipes e Place another sample label on the outer container or bag if the original sample label is not clearly visible Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 24 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Complete a sample report prior to sample shipment An example sample report form is provided in Attachment A Figure A 1 A copy of the sample report should be maintained with sample collection and site records and a copy should accompany the samples to the AII Hazards Receipt Facility or laboratory Follow the sample packaging and shipment instructions in Section 7 6 2 Collection of Non Aqueous Liquid Samples This scenario describes the collection of unknown non aqueous liquids that may be pooled on surfaces contained in drums or in direct contact with aqueous or solid matrices The procedures described assume that biological contaminants will not be present in non aqueous liquid matrices If it is suspected that biological contamination has occurred and that aqueous matrices will be collected into a non aqueous
63. shall be used to reduce commingling in the event of spills or leaks They should be used in shelves cabinets and in laboratory hoods dedicated for storage e g hazardous waste If spill trays are used in hoods their placement must not interfere with the laminar airflow through the laboratory hood The CHO should be contacted prior to new spill trays being placed in the hood to ensure that proper airflow will be maintained 3 Chemicals shall be inspected by laboratory personnel at least semiannually to determine their condition Corroded or leaking containers shall be over packed and turned in along with outdated or excess chemicals AW APGR 200 60 4 Chemical storage cabinets will be labeled as to the content such as flammables corrosives acids etc c Inventories 1 Inventories shall be available for each individual room where chemicals are stored or handled The inventory shall be maintained by the room custodian and list the chemical name quantity container type storage code date received and expiration date if applicable IAW 29 CFR 1910 1200 Inventories shall be available to the Risk Reduction Office Environmental Quality Office of ECBC 2 Copies of the inventories for a single laboratory building shall be maintained in a central location accessible to fire fighters or other response personnel in the event of an emergency d Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1 The quantity of flammable and combustible liquids
64. surface sample and remove remaining contamination with a diluted bleach solution Is screen positive NO Proceed to Step 3 25 September 2006 Page 10 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance AHRF Screening Process Continued STEP 3 Primary Sample Container Screening hcec tio Geeta isa piece of evidence the container should be handled minimally to protect forensic evidence Wipe samples should occur only at the container seal Place the transport secondary container in fume hood or equivalent enclosure OPTIONAL Screen air inside the transport secondary container for CWAs with a FSP and or IMS Then unpack the transport secondary container and individually screen each primary container with the FSP and or IMS Note During the visual inspection it may be helpful to photograph the primary sample containers or otherwise document their condition Visually inspect primary container s Do both the FSP and IMS indicate a CWA YES Move the primary sample containers to the glove Perform radiation screen box immediately Alpa beta gamma direct measurement wipe test only if positive STOP Consult supervising lab director appropriate local agency and the FBI WMD Coordinator to determine whether it safe to continue AHRF screening Does either the FSP or IMS indicate a CWA Are readi
65. the explosive screen See Section 4 4 4 5 1 2 2 Observe the reaction with the paper 25 September 2006 Page 36 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 5 1 2 3 Record the results on the Facility Primary Sample Container Screening Results Form Attachment 5 4 5 1 2 4 If positive See Section 4 5 2 collect sample using an appropriate process and wash the outside of the container with a 1096 bleach solution followed by reagent grade water WARNING If the sample container is considered to be a piece of evidence this process will destroy any classical forensic evidence that may be on the outside of the primary sample container Evaluate the risks before washing the container with bleach and water 4 5 1 2 5 If negative See Section 4 5 2 proceed to Section 4 6 4 5 1 3 If signs of leakage are indicated follow procedures outlined below 4 5 1 3 1 Wipe the contaminated area s of the container with M8 paper 4 5 1 3 2 Observe the reaction with the paper 4 5 1 3 3 Record the results on the Facility Primary Sample Container Screening Results Form Attachment 5 4 5 1 3 4 If positive See Section 4 5 2 collect sample using an appropriate process and wash the outside of the container with a 1096 bleach solution followed by reagent grade water WARNING If the sample container is considered to be a piece of evidence this process will destroy any classical forensic evidence that may
66. transporting a small aliquot of the sample to the biological laboratory If the biological laboratory director agrees a small sample aliquot e g 0 5 mL or 500 mg and or a sample swab may be sent to the laboratory even if it contains a chemical radiological or explosive hazard 7 2 1 1 If samples are to be transported to a receiving laboratory for further analysis AHRF staff should contact the receiving laboratory to ensure the laboratory is capable of receiving samples that contain hazards that have been identified during field and AHRF screening Sample reports and screening results forms should be delivered to the receiving laboratory and the laboratory manager consulted prior to sample shipment 7 2 1 2 If the samples do not need any further analysis AHRF staff should contact the agency with ownership of the sample to coordinate destruction or transfer of the sample back to that agency 7 3 Package Preparation and Shipment 7 3 1 25 September 2006 Decontaminate the outside of the sample containers with a bleach solution e g 10 rinse with deionized or distilled water and provide a final Page 53 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 7 3 2 7 3 3 7 3 4 7 3 5 25 September 2006 rinse with ethanol or isopropyl alcohol before moving the samples from the glove box to the biological safety cabinet See Appendix A and B Package samples for shipment to the receiving laboratory accord
67. use Note These procedures will be completed following each sample being processed to ensure no cross contamination will occur 1 1 Place all contaminated consumable supplies into a large shatter proof waste container and submerge in bleach for 24 hours Upon standing for 24 hours check the bleach using starch iodide indicator paper to assess the presence of active chlorine If the starch indicator paper does not turn purple indicating no active chlorine is present add more bleach and continue soaking for an additional 24 hours If the starch indicator designates active chlorine is present by turning purple remove solids from the liquid and place into another waste container along with some vermiculite to collect the remaining liquids Double bag containers and seal with a J seal with duct tape and remove from the engineering control device and dispose of according to local procedures Note If the sample is determined to be biological in nature and not chemical solid waste can be placed in an autoclave bag and autoclaved at 121 C for 60 minutes before discarding 1 2 The following procedure wil be used to decontaminate reusable supplies ancillary equipment and remove them from engineering controls Note This procedure is only applicable to non permeable items that can be completely surface deconned 1 2 1 Soak a clean absorbent towel with 5 sodium hypochlorite Wipe down the entire surface of the item area 1 2 2 Soak a clean
68. with Step 5 6 3 to obtain a sample aliquot A representative and homogeneous sample aliquot of approximately 1 mL or 1 gram must be obtained for all additional AHRF sample screening 5 6 3 1 If the sample is composed of a single matrix an aliquot should be obtained that is as homogeneous as possible with minimal sample disturbance 5 6 3 2 If multiple matrices are present an aliquot should be collected from each matrix 5 6 3 3 If the sample is composed of multiple liquids use a clean syringe or pipette to remove a separate aliquot from each liquid phase Place each liquid aliquot into a separate vial or plate Each liquid matrix will be screened separately 5 6 3 4 If the sample is composed of a heterogeneous solid e g multiple colored particles both oily and dry solids mix the sample as little as possible while trying to obtain a homogeneous and representative aliquot 5 6 3 5 If the sample is composed of both a liquid and solid phase immediately halt sample screening and contact the FBI WMD Coordinator for further instruction Once an aliquot has been removed the remaining sample is retained in the original sample container and packaged for transfer to a receiving laboratory 5 7 Thermal Susceptibility Test 5 7 1 512 25 September 2006 Thermal Susceptibility Test Background 5 7 1 1 The thermal susceptibility test determines whether the sample contains explosive or energetic materials The test involves holding
69. 06 Page 8 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Figure 1 Summary of AHRF Screening Protocols Acronyms Guidance SAMPLE RECEIPT and TRANSPORT CONTAINER SCREEN Outside AHRF Establish Continue COC Review corresponding documentation and Interview the delivery technician Visual inspect transport container check for explosive device radiation and unusual liquid or powder If present collect sample mitigate hazard and contact appropriate authorities Document observations complete Sample Receipt Forms and assign tracking identification Carry out a Threat Assessment and develop a Screening Plan PRIMARY SAMPLE CONTAINER SCREEN Inside fume hood Screen headspace of transport container for CWAs with IMS and FSP Remove contents from transport container and secondary containment if necessary Visually inspect and screen primary sample container for radioactivity surface screen explosives colorimetric and CWA colorimetric If hazards are indicated collect exterior wipe sample mitigate hazards indicated via decontamination of exterior surface or shielding and contact appropriate authorities Document observations and results on AHRF Screening Results Form Assess need to continue screening process and ability to transfer to glove box PRIMARY SAMPLE SCREEN Inside glove box and biosafety cabinet Transfer primary sample container to glove box Open primary container and screen for VO
70. 100 degrees F ii Class 1B which includes liquids having flash points below 73 degrees F and boiling points at or above 100 degrees F and iii Class 1C which includes liquids having flash points at or above 73 degrees F but below 100 degrees F Flash point The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite when tested using the Tagliabue Closed Tester the Pensky Martens Closed Tester or the Setaflash Closed Tester Hazardous chemical A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted IAW established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in an exposed employee This includes chemicals which are carcinogens toxic or highly toxic agents reproductive toxins irritants corrosives sensitizers hepatotoxins nephrotoxins neurotoxins agents which act on the hematopoietic blood forming systems and agents which can damage the lungs skin eyes or mucous membranes High Risk Operations Experimental procedures involving the manipulation handling or reaction of hazardous chemicals where the potential for release of gas vapor or aerosol contamination is high This category includes but is not limited to 1 rapid exothermic reactions ii transfer of electro static powders iii heating mixing or transfer of volatile chemicals iv pressurized operations where there is potential for uncontrolled release and v work
71. 11 100 mL Volumetric Flasks MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY Sources of uncertainty shall be identified determined and eliminated IAW WI 098 PROCEDURE Note Make sure all devices required for this procedure are clean 1 For each lot of bleach tested select one bottle and conduct testing in triplicate as specified below on each bottle For each lot of HTH draw sample from different locations within the drum and conduct testing on the aggregate sample in triplicate as specified below 2 Weigh out approximately 1000 milligrams mg of bleach or HTH into a 100mL Erlenmeyer flask Dilute to mark with deionized water DI H20 This will be a 1 100 dilution Record weight Transfer 25 mL of the 1 100 dilute bleach or HTH to an Erlenmeyer flask 4 Add approximately two 2 grams of potassium iodide KI to the flask Swirl to mix any undissolved Kl Record weight Record company and lot of KI 5 Add 15 mL of glacial acetic acid to the flask Swirl to mix Solution will turn dark brown to amber in color Record company and Lot of the glacial acetic acid Revision No 0 Page 2 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No OP 0929 6 Prepare a buret with 0 1 N sodium thiosulfate NazS203 Slowly add Na28505 to the flask while swirling until the solution turns pale yellow to straw in color This is an indication of being close to the endpoint Record company and lot of Na28205 7 Add 10 drops of starch indicator Starch will tur
72. 25 September 2006 Page 69 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol 6 Identify Sample by Type Identify sample by known and unknown sources check one Known source collected by a field technician or remote sensing monitonng equipment and controlled in sample container Unknown source discovered by field technician or agent source unidentified placed in containment bag or secondary transport container at scene If the source is known was sampling equipment or primary collection container supplied by field collector or appropriate government agency Use information obtained from the COC field report interview with technician and visual inspection to identify the sample by type and source Identify sample type check only one Notes Comments Water e g groundwater drinking water stream reservoir other water body Soi amp g surface sub surface Liquids Solids e g powder Air filters amp g filters from field sampling equipment automotive vehicles equipment operating in direct area canisters tubes etc Suspicious packages Gas bombs or canisters e g vacuum filled pressurized containers 25 September 2006 Page 70 of 81 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Notes Comments Signature of Sample Receipt Personnel Date mm dd yyyy Signature of Approving Official Date mm dd yyyy 25 September 2006 Page 71 of 81 Working
73. 45 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals cited in paragraph 9 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH Industrial Ventilation A Manual of Recommended Practice cited in paragraph 10 National Research Council Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals cited in paragraph 22 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance RELATED PUBLICATIONS Title 26 Code of Maryland Regulations subtitle 13 Disposal and Control of Hazardous Substances AR 50 6 Chemical Surety Program AR 50 X Biological Surety Program draft AR 385 10 The Army Safety Program AR 385 64 Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards CRDECR 385 6 Ionizing Radiation Program DA PAM 40 8 Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents GA GB GD and VX DA PAM 40 173 Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H HD and HT TB MED 503 The Army Industrial Hygiene Program 42 CFR Part 73 9 CFR Part 121 Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories AR and DAPam 385 69 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance APPENDIX B EXPLANATION OF TERMS Acutely toxic A chemical falling within any of the following toxicity categories 1 a median lethal dose LD50 of 50 mg kg of body weight or les
74. ALYTICAL CENTER Document No IOP 0929 EC B FAC Revision No 0 TITLE Bleach and HTH Titration Prepared by Douglas S Nichols Battelle Date Prepared 08 August 2006 Memorial Institute and Jessica A Cox EC B FAC Reviewed By Approved By 723 Lf nee K Rot Baus 14 o6 a a Bd S bly 2006 DENNIS K ROHRBAUGH Date STEPHEN E LAWHORNE Dat Senior Chemist EC B FAC Chief EC B FAC ISSUE DATE AUG 1 6 2006 PURPOSE SCOPE This procedure will define the titration procedures for the verification of active chlorine in the bleach and HTH used by the EC B FAC for decontamination purposes BACKGROUND This is a general volumetric technique used to measure active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite bleach and calcium hypochlorite HTH This titration depends on the chemistry of iodide I also referred to as lodometry The titration uses potassium iodide as the reactant sodium thiosulfate as the titrant and a starch solution as the indicator The reaction of the sodium hypochlorite bleach or calcium hypochlorite HTH with excess potassium iodide in an acidic environment will convert iodide I to iodine l2 The iodine will produce a brown to amber color OCl 21 2H gt Cl Ij H O As the solution is titrated via the addition of sodium thiosulfate the thiosulfate reacts with the iodine and converts it back to iodide turning the solution from brown to yellow to a pale yellow wh
75. Cs PID and combustible gases CGI Screen primary sample for radiation surface scan If sufficient amount of sample is present split sample and continue screening process Remove small portion of the sample and transfer into the biosafety cabinet Conduct the optional screen using IMS and or FSP Conduct the thermal susceptibility test to determine if explosive materials are present Perform water solubility and reactivity test Perform DB 3 Dye test for alkylating agents colorimetric Perform pH and starch iodide test colorimetric Perform nerve agent test colorimetric Perform the additional chemical screening as needed colorimetric Document observations and results on AHRF Screening Results Form poc DOCUMENT RESULTS Complete and verify AHRF Screening Results Forms Compile all forms into a single AHRF Screening Report Contact sampling agency appropriate local authorities the local laboratory director and the FBI WMD Coordinator Prepare sub sample and primary sample for delivery to the designated laboratory ies and or sampling authority Transfer to the bio safety cabinet to await transfer CGI Combustible Gas Indicator CWA Chemical Warfare Agent FSP Flame Spectrophotometer IMS Ion Mobility Spectrometer PID Photoionization Detector WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction VOC Volatile Organic Compounds COC Chain of Custody 25 September 2006 Page 9 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guid
76. Director of the facility will ensure that storage freezer keys are secured and used only by authorized personnel The Director will maintain a written record of keys issued to authorized personnel Storage of infectious biological agents will be IAW Appendix D Additional Equipment Safeguards BSL 2 BSL 3 Blenders Centrifuges Ultrasonic Disrupters and Grinders The use of any of these devices can result in considerable aerosol production Blending cell disrupting and grinding equipment should be used in a biosafety cabinet when working with bio hazardous materials Safety 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance blenders although expensive are designed to prevent leakage from the bottom of the blender jar provide a cooling jacket to avoid biological inactivation and to withstand sterilization by autoclaving If blender rotors are not leak proof they should be tested with sterile saline or dye solution prior to use with biohazardous material The use of glass blender jars is not recommended because of the breakage potential If they must be used glass jars should be covered with a polypropylene jar to prevent spraying of glass and contents in the event the blender jar breaks A towel moistened with disinfectant should be placed over the top of the blender during use Before opening the blender jar allow the unit to rest for at least one minute to allow the aerosol to settle Place the device in an
77. Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 3 Attachment 3 Example Chain of Custody Form COC A Chain of Custody COC form creates an accurate written record that can be used to trace the possession and handling of the sample from the moment of its collection through analysis Chain of Custody is used and required without exception for the tracking and recording of on site or off site sample collection transport and analysis A COC form creates an accurate documented record that can be used to trace the possession and handling of the sample from the moment of its collection through analysis An example COC form is provided in this attachment A COC form accompanies each sample or group of samples as custody of the sample s is transferred from one custodian to another One copy of the form is retained by the original sample collector and another is obtained by each receiving laboratory Each laboratory or facility representative who accepts an incoming sample shipment signs and dates the COC record It is the laboratory or facility s responsibility to maintain internal logbooks and custody records throughout sample preparation and analysis Sample custodians are responsible for initiating maintaining or completing COC tracking A sample custodian is the person responsible for the custody of a sample or samples at a particular time until custody is transferred to another person and so documented who then becomes the new custodian
78. FLAMMABLE GAS NO SMOKING OR OPEN FLAMES WITHIN 50 FEET d Gas cylinders shall be segregated by their classification i e flammable toxic or oxidizer IAW AR 700 68 Oxidizers shall be separated from flammable gases by at least 50 feet The Risk Reduction Office must approve exceptions to this rule e Full and empty gas cylinders shall be stored in separate locations of the storage area Empty gas cylinders shall be appropriately marked f Empty gas cylinders shall be returned to the manufacturer for refilling Non refillable cylinders shall be disposed of IAW APGR 200 60 3 Acutely Toxic Gases a Acutely toxic gases used in the laboratory shall be stored in a chemical hood or gas cabinet Administrative controls such as reducing gas mixture concentrations and cylinder size shall be used to minimize risk Flow limiting orifices shall be required on a case by case basis b Outdoor storage facilities should be located at least 50 feet from buildings A gas cabinet should be provided to handle leaking cylinders 1 Distribution 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 Toxic flammable or corrosive chemicals should be placed in a carrying bucket or other unbreakable container when moved between rooms or through the laboratory corridors 2 Wheeled carts should be used to move larger quantities of chemicals which cannot be hand carried Wheels shall be designed to travel over u
79. Facility Protocol Guidance 4 Post areas that are restricted for unauthorized personnel and control entry to those areas 5 Report all accidents 6 Ensure all investigators operators are knowledgeable and experienced in the operation of all equipment and devices to be used and aware of the hazards involved 7 Enforce SOPs and ensure this regulation is followed A 3 Operators will 1 Conduct operations in accordance with approved SOPs 2 Report to their supervisor any hazardous conditions any violations of operating procedures or any circumstances that are not typical or in accordance with an approved SOP 3 Maintain a safe clean and healthful work area 4 Utilize protective equipment and clothing issued to them and required by the SOP for a specific operation 5 Make themselves available in any emergency situation where their assistance is needed to maintain safe operational conditions 6 Inform supervisors of any health conditions that may affect their ability to perform microbiological work APPENDIX B GENERAL BIO LABORATOR Y PRECAUTIONS B 1 Precautions a No unauthorized person will be allowed in the laboratory during operations b No storage or use of food beverage smoking materials chewing gum or cosmetics are allowed within a laboratory room involved with microbiological toxin use or storage c Personal hygiene is very important 1 Hands will be washed immediately after completion of procedu
80. IMS and or Flame Spectrophotometer FSP 5 13 1 2 Asmall sample aliquot should be placed onto filter paper or a watch glass Due to instrument and contamination concerns this equipment should not be used or stored in the glove box 5 13 1 3 Follow the procedures described in Section 4 1 for sample screening using the IMS or FSP 5 13 1 4 Observe and Record all results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 5 13 2 Ion Mobility Spectrophotometer IMS Results 5 13 2 1 The IMS contains a library of specific compounds If the IMS library contains CWAs the detector should display the name of the CWA detected Since the result is based on time of flight of an ion similar ions from related compounds may produce false positives In addition IMS screening is influenced by changes in environmental sampling conditions temperature humidity etc which could produce anomalous results Therefore all results from IMS screening should be treated as presumptive and should only be considered within the context of other screening results 5 13 3 Flame Spectrophotometer FSP Results 5 13 3 1 The FSP is capable of detecting the presence of specific elements produced during the thermal decomposition of vapor and aerosol samples The specific elements detected are based on the types of filters installed in the unit For the purposes of general CWA screening in the AHRF the AHRF FSP is equipped with filters for sulfur and phosphorus 5 13 3
81. OC tracking A sample custodian is the person responsible for the custody of a sample or samples at a particular time until custody is transferred to another person and so documented who then becomes the new custodian A sample is under a person s custody if e itis in that person s possession e itis in that person s view after being in that person s physical possession e it was in that person s physical possession and then he she locked it up to prevent tampering or e it was in that person s physical possession and then he she placed it in a designated and identified secure area Note Common commercial carriers usually will not accept responsibility for handling COC forms This often necessitates packing the COC record in the shipping container enclosed with other documentation in a plastic zipper type bag As long as custody forms are sealed inside the shipping or transport container and the custody seals are intact commercial carriers are not required to sign the custody form Utilizing a computer and the Web the tracking information generated by a common carrier can be obtained if complete custody tracking is required This documentation is attached to show the sample container was in the possession of the carrier during the missing COC custody time This time period should be noted as common carrier on the COC between the final custodian at the sample site location and laboratory receipt Draft Procedures Do not cite quote
82. PE levels should be modified in response to noted changes in field conditions such as an increase in odor unusual color changes in sampling matrix and or reaction monitoring of sampling team e g dizziness shortness of breath 2 2 Health and Safety Plans Health and Safety Plans HASPs will vary depending on the site the response event and the responsible organization The purpose of these plans is to ensure maximum protection to workers the environment and surrounding communities in a way that is consistent with requirements needed to perform operational activities Different agency or contractor specific requirements will also dictate the required PPE level and will be indicated in the HASP Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 2 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 The U S Army s cardinal principle to be observed in any location or operation involving explosives ammunition or toxic chemical or biological agents is to limit the potential exposure to a minimum number of personnel for a minimum period of time and to a minimum amount of the hazardous material consistent with safe and efficient operations When collecting samples that potentially contain unknown chemical or biological hazards responders should follow the HASP that is specific to their organization or to the event Health and Safety Plans should include at a minimum instructions and guidelines regarding
83. Plan Laboratory operations shall follow the written emergency plan in their SOPs 1 Evacuation Procedures Primary and alternate routes shall be established as necessary and communicated to personnel Outside assembly areas shall be designated Building custodians shall devise a written emergency plan for emergencies that require building evacuation 2 Shutdown Procedures Instructions for shutting down equipment or apparatus in the event of an emergency shall be documented in SOPs 3 Return Procedures Procedures shall be developed to ensure personnel do not re enter the laboratory before the emergency is over 4 Drills Drills incorporating all elements of the emergency plan shall be conducted with the frequency designated in the plan b Fire Only personnel trained IAW 29 CFR 1910 157 shall use a fire extinguisher to fight an incipient stage fire c Ventilation Failure Follow procedures established in the site operation SOP In cases where the operation could not be terminated and there is a reasonable probability that the laboratory atmosphere is unsafe air monitoring may be necessary before re entry The CHO shall be contacted for guidance For chemical agent areas monitoring is required in IAW DA PAM 385 61 The Environmental Monitoring Laboratory shall be contacted for all monitoring in chemical agent areas 2 Housekeeping a Laboratories shall be kept clean and free from obstructions Personnel shall clean up work
84. Samaritan acts of first aid or other assistance to fellow workers 2 The guidance in Appendix F is provided for information purposes only and may be used if you have the potential of being exposed to human body fluids For additional guidance please contact the Risk Reduction Office 17 Medical Surveillance a Medical examinations and consultation shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician b Pre placement reassignment and periodic job related medical surveillance shall be provided to all military and civilian employees potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals AR 40 5 and toxins The medical examiner must be made aware of all chemicals toxins and radionuclides to which the operator may be exposed Potential information which may preclude 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance the operator from handling hazardous chemicals toxins and radionuclides must be reported to the supervisor c Additional medical attention shall be provided to employees under the following circumstances 1 When an employee develops signs or symptoms associated with occupational exposure to a hazardous chemical or toxin 2 When air sampling reveals exposure levels above the action level or in its absence the AEL for an OSHA regulated substance Medical surveillance shall comply with the requirements of that particular standard d Medical consultation shall be pr
85. September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol lead styphnate perchloric acid trinitroanisole trinitrobenzene trinitrobenzoic acid trinitrocresol trinitro meta cresol trinitronaphthalene trinitrophenetol trinitrophloroglucinol trinitroresorcinol tritonal urea nitrate Guidance NOTE No attempt has been made to list all shock sensitive chemicals Laboratory personnel shall review health and safety data including MSDS s to determine whether compounds are shock sensitive 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Appendix F Universal Precautions for the Handling of Human Body Fluids Universal precautions are A concept of infection control that requires all human blood and some other potentially infectious materials OPIM to be treated as if they are infectious with Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Hepatitis B Virus HBV or other blood borne pathogens BBP regardless of the perceived low risk of a patient or patient population OSHA s accepted method of control to protect employees from exposure to all human blood and OPIM Universal precautions require Routine use of appropriate PPE gloves masks protective eyewear gowns etc Immediate washing of hands and other skin surfaces if contaminated with blood or OPIM Hands must also be washed immediately after glove removal Occupationally exposed employees must use universal preca
86. September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance b Gloves should be selected on the basis of the material being handled the particular hazards involved electrostatic sensitivity and their suitability for the operation being conducted Contact the Risk Reduction Office for guidance in glove choice c Before each use gloves should be inspected for discoloration punctures and tears A leak test shall be performed to identify pinholes Damaged or leaking gloves shall be discarded d Before removal non disposable gloves should be washed according to the manufacturer s recommendations NOTE Some gloves e g leather and polyvinyl alcohol are water permeable and should not be washed If you have further questions please contact the Risk Reduction Office Disposable gloves shall be removed in such a way that skin does not come in contact with potentially contaminated surfaces e Glove materials are eventually permeated by chemicals However they can be used safely for limited time periods if specific use and glove characteristics are known Contact the Risk Reduction Office for guidance f Gloves will be replaced periodically depending on frequency of use and permeability to the substance s handled Gloves overtly contaminated if impermeable to water should be rinsed and then carefully removed Disposable gloves shall be changed at the end of an operation before proceeding from one level of conta
87. Specific guidance for selection of PPE is provided in Appendix B to 29 CFR 1910 120 The minimal amount of PPE that is considered to be necessary for performing AHR Facility activities includes two pairs of nitrile gloves eye protection face mask and coverings Equipment also should be available such that facility personnel can increase the PPE if necessary Information regarding AHR Facility PPE is listed below Information regarding the hazards of contaminants that facility personnel may encounter and additional resources that should be consulted also are provided 25 September 2006 Page 59 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Minimum PPE that Should Be Used by All Hazards Receipt Facility Personnel Level D Level D protection is used when the atmosphere contains no known hazard and work functions preclude splashes immersion or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals Although Level D lists the use of hard hats and face shields it is anticipated that these will not be needed during routine facility operations e Coveralls e g 20 Mil Vinyl PVC Apron e 2 pairs of nitrile gloves e g Nitrile Gloves compliant with 21 CFR preferably at least 15 Mil e Boots shoes Chemical resistant steel toe and shank and disposable outer boot shoe covers e Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles e g ANSI Z87 1 1989 SEI certified eye protection goggles or vi
88. Surety June 26 2001 U S Department of the Army Nuclear and Chemical Weapons and Material Chemical Surety Washington DC June 2001 Ga J S Department of the Army Pamphlet 385 61 Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards 27 March 2002 U S Department of the Army Pamphlet 40 8 Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents GA BB GD and VX 4 December 1990 U S Department of the Army Pamphlet 40 173 Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H HD and HT 3 June 2003 U S Department of the Navy Navy Environmental Compliance Sampling and Field Testing Procedures Manual U S Environmental Protection Agency Engineering And Analysis Division EAD Sampling Guide June 1991 U S Environmental Protection Agency USEPA Biological Agent Sampling Guidelines and Analytical Approach for Regional Counterterrorism Response Plans August 2003 U S Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Management Guide For Small Laboratories USEPA Washington DC May 2000 U S Environmental Protection Agency USEPA Office of Criminal Enforcement Forensics and Training Environmental Crime Symposium October 2001 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 38 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 29 U S Environmental Protection Agency
89. Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Draft Interim All Hazards Receipt Facility Protocol Standard Operating Procedures Guidance September 25 2006 25 September 2006 Page 1 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Table of Contents 1 0 Scope and Application erlernen diee eo sr ros ie dad dn eos aeuo Yan eed Had Fed sa iN qe nd Evae 4 Table 1 Classes of Compounds Targeted by the AHRF Screening Equipment sess 6 Table 2 Specific Compounds Targeted by the AHRF Screening Equipment eese 8 Figure 1 Summary of AHRF Screening Protocols eese eene 9 20 Sample Receipts enini mesrine sier ei S E EE rRe E ASEE 15 2 1 Interview the Sample Delivery Personnel and Verify the COC and Field Documentation 15 2 2 Visually Inspect the Sample Container and Confirm Information eee 19 2 3 Receive Sample and Assign Sample Tracking Identification see 20 2 Prepare the AHRF Sample Screening Forms Packet esee 21 2 5 Threat Assessment Review the Results and Determine the Facility Screening Plan 21 3 0 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screening sess 23 3 1 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screen for Explosive Device 23 32 Sample Transport Secondary Contain
90. a measurement of the intensity of gamma rays It is not to be confused with microrem prem a measurement of how damaging radiation is to tissue For gamma radiation one microR is roughly equal to 1 microrem This is not the case for alpha and beta radiation For gamma radiation 1 mrem 1 millirem 1 000 prem roughly equal to 1 000 microR 1 mR 1 milliRoentgen 1 000 uR roughly equal to 1 000 microrem NOTE 1 mrem 1 000 trem is the amount of radiation a typical person with a normal lifestvle receives in a sinele dav 22 September 2006
91. absorbent towel with DI water Wipe down the entire surface of the item area 1 2 3 Dry the surface of the item area with a clean absorbent towel 1 2 4 Soak a clean absorbent towel with ETOH or IPA Wipe down the entire surface of the item area and let air dry for one minute 1 2 5 Place all absorbent towels and gloves used during this process into the appropriate waste container or decon container containing bleach or other suitable decon and follow the process outlined in Section 1 1 If the workspace was used to process samples suspected to contain spores the bleach in the decontamination bucket must be pH stabilized to pH 6 7 Revision No 1 Page 2 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No IOP 0905 1 3 Using a spray bottle with 596 sodium hypochlorite bleach spray a sufficient amount of bleach to wet the entire work surface Wait one minute and then wipe the surface dry with an absorbent towel 1 4 Using a spray bottle of DI water spray a sufficient amount of water to wet the entire work surface Wipe the surface dry with an absorbent towel and allow the surface to air dry 1 5 Using the ETOH or IPA spray a sufficient amount to wet the entire work surface Wipe the surface using an absorbent towel Allow surface to air dry for one minute Note Place all absorbent towels used during this process into the appropriate waste container or decon container containing bleach or other suitable decon and follow the process out
92. ackage Retain a copy with the field records Complete custody seals See Section 4 6 and other carrier required shipping papers e If possible fax or scan and email a copy of the COC and field report to the party receiving the samples 4 6 Custody Seals Custody seals are attached over the cap of each sample container to assure the sample has not been opened or tampered with after collection and packaging Alternatively the shipping or transport container is also sealed by placing a custody seal over the closed opening making it impossible to open the container without ripping the seal Typically there is one seal per sample container and two seals placed on opposite sides of the shipping container Custody seals contain the signature of the person responsible for packing the container and the date sealed The seal must be sturdy to resist incidental contact but able to break when the cap or lid is moved Sample collectors should e Sign and date sample custody seal usually a 1 by 3 inch white paper label with black lettering and an adhesive backing The custody seal is part of the COC process and is used to prevent or identify tampering with samples Place the custody seal across container openings so that it would be broken if a container were to be opened This often requires multiple seals covering any opening If a cooler is utilized ensure that the water drainage point is secure Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distr
93. aft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance An important exposure route of concern at a hazardous waste site is inhalation The lungs are extremely vulnerable to chemical agents Even substances that do not directly affect the lungs may pass through the lung tissue into the bloodstream where they are transported to other vulnerable areas of the body Some toxic chemicals present in the atmosphere may not be detected by human senses e g they may be colorless and their toxic effects may not produce immediate symptoms Respiratory protection is therefore extremely important if there is a possibility that the work site may contain such hazardous substances Direct contact of the skin and eyes by hazardous substances is another route of exposure Some chemicals directly injure the skin Some pass through the skin into the bloodstream where they are transported to vulnerable organs The eye is particularly vulnerable because airborne chemicals can dissolve in its moist surface and be carried to the rest of the body through the bloodstream capillaries are very close to the surface of the eye Wearing protective equipment not using contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres since they may trap chemicals against the eye surface keeping hands away from the face and minimizing contact with liquid and solid chemicals can help protect against skin and eye contact Biological Hazards Like chemical hazards etiologic agents may be dispersed in the
94. ain the COC as required with the sample container during shipment e A manifest document might be required and should accompany the shipment Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 34 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 7 2 2 Shipping All containers and outside containers must contain labeling corresponding to the particular hazard class as follows Class 1 Explosives Class 2 Flammable and Nonflammable Gas Class 3 Flammable Liquid Class 4 Solids Class 5 Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Class 6 Poison Class 7 Radioactive Class 8 Corrosives Class 9 Miscellaneous All packages that contain DOT Hazardous Materials must be labeled in accordance with 49 CFR 172 400 requirements This labeling requirement applies both to the sample containers that contain hazardous materials and to the shipping container in which the sample containers are packed Most HAZMAT teams licensed to transport hazardous materials have their own requirements for labeling packages These may include such things as Shipper s address Recipients s address Proper shipping name as designated by the U S Department of Transportation DOT The sample description must be exactly as written in the Hazardous Materials Table HMT at 49 CFR 172 101 Abbreviations may not be used unless specifically authorized or required by the DOT regulations The sample description of a hazardous material must b
95. ainer Place wipe samples on planchets and count Most of these instruments read individual counts for alpha and beta particles simultaneously The counts are converted to counts per minute or to an activity unit incorporated by an internal conversion constant either disintegrations per minute dpm or Bequerels Bq If necessary record the counts and convert to dpm The results are then divided by the area covered in the smear A 4 inch square or 1 x 16 inch swipe is equal to 100cm If less area is available to swipe determine the approximate area and convert the results as necessary Record the alpha and beta counts on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 3 2 7 Wipe Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Results 3 2 7 1 25 September 2006 The recommended alpha and beta wipe thresholds are 22 dpm cm beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters 2 2 dpm cm all other alpha emitters Page 27 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 2 7 2 3 2 7 3 3 2 7 4 3 2 7 5 3 2 7 6 32AT 3 2 7 8 3 2 7 9 3 2 7 10 3 2 7 11 32 71 12 These thresholds are taken from 49 CFR 173 443 Contamination Control Table 11 Non Fixed External Contamination Wipe Limits Each facility should set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If the results of the wipe sample are less than the thresholds See S
96. al present including units e General conditions of exposed flora and fauna if available e Agencies involved in the sampling effort e Contact information of samplers or agency coordinators or managers e Field screening methods instruments used and their results The information contained in the field reports can be used to help the laboratory or AHR Facility determine an appropriate screening or analytical strategy If certain types of sample screening have been performed in the field laboratory pre screening may not be necessary and the results may expedite sample analysis in the laboratory Information regarding any symptoms or environmental effects caused by the contamination also will greatly aid sample recipients in regards to sample handling precautions and Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 13 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 the level of PPE needed Examples of a Sample Report Form and a Field Testing Report Form are provided in Appendix A Figures A 1 and A 2 respectively 4 4 Photographs Photographs are important field documentation at any site especially where there are forensic concerns All site photography should begin with a wide overall view and then progress to more detailed photos Entry and exit photos should always be included Always try to provide wide angle medium and close up photographs of the relevant areas of the site Whenever possible include a device
97. alene B Naphthylamine Nickel Elemental metal Soluble compounds as Ni A4 Insoluble compounds as Ni Nickol subsulfide Nitrapyrin p Nitroaniline Nitrobenzene p Nitrochlorobenzene A3 4 Nitrodiphenyl Nitrogen dioxide 1 Nitropropane 2 Nitropropane N Nitrosodimethylamine Nitrous oxide Parathion Pentachloronitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Perchloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene Perlite N Phenyl beta naphthylamine o Phenylenediamine A3 m Phenylenediamine A4 p Phenylenediamine A4 Phenylhydrazine Phthalic anhydride Picloram Propane sultone B Propiolactone Propoxur Propylene Propylene dichloride A4 Propyleneimine Propylene oxide Pyrethrum Resorcinol Rholdium Metal Insoluble compounds as Rh Soluble compounds as Rh A4 22 September 2006 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 Al A5 Al Al A4 A4 A3 A2 A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A3 A3 A3 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Ronnel A4 Rotenone Rouge Sesone A4 Silicon carbide Sodium azide As Sodium azide As Hydrazoic acid vapor Sodium bisulfite Sodium metabisulfite A4 Starch Stearates Strontium chromate Styene monomer Sucrose Sulfotep Sulfur dioxide A4 Sulfuric acid contained in strong inorganic acid mists Sulprofos Synthetic Vitreous Fibers Continuous filament glass fibers A4 Continuous filament glass fibers A4 Glass wool fibers Rock wool fibers Slag wool fibers Special pu
98. alth hazards of chemicals and toxins used in the laboratory 3 Measures personnel can take to protect themselves from these hazards including use of engineering controls work practices personal hygiene and personal protective equipment 4 Emergency Response plans c Hazardous Waste Personnel handling hazardous wastes shall be trained in the environmental requirements for its management As a minimum training shall include the following 1 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA including authority regulatory framework and general requirements Initial RCRA training shall be followed annually with refresher training per APGR 200 60 2 Site specific information including facility operation emergency equipment and procedures inspection procedures waste minimization and hazardous waste turn in procedures 15 Personal Hygiene a Food drink smoking materials or cosmetics shall not be carried into stored or used in the laboratory where toxic materials may be stored Personnel shall not eat drink smoke chew gum tobacco or apply cosmetics in the laboratory b Personnel shall wash their hands after handling hazardous chemicals and toxins Personnel shall shower after abnormal circumstances which result in chemical or toxin 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance contamination to the neck arms legs or body Refer to the worksite SOP for any additional emergency procedures f
99. ample container s and packing materials including ice e Absorbent material for packing e g antiseptic bandage pads or non cotton cloth e Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes e Potable water for immediate removal of any contaminated materials from skin eyes or other surfaces 6 2 2 Sample collection using a syringe Collection of liquid samples using a syringe is best when there is a limited amount of sample available for collection or when the liquid is contained in a small puddle or cracks within a surface Extension tubing can be attached to the syringe if the sample is difficult to reach Weighted tubing can be inserted into a liquid and sampled at a discrete depth if desired Tubing is also useful for sampling a liquid that is on the other side of a grate or manhole from the sampler Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 25 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Put on clean powder free latex nitrile or vinyl examination gloves and other required PPE prior to sampling e To the extent possible syringes should be prepared outside the contamination area prior to sample collection Attach the blunt tip needle to the syringe If tubing is necessary cut the length of tubing needed and attach the tubing to the blunt tip of the syringe Attach a weight to the tubing if the tubing need to be submerged or if the tubing needs to be lowered several feet to reach the samp
100. ample Processing 52 Review the Facility Screening Results Forms to ensure that all required screening of the primary sample container s has been performed and recorded see Section 4 0 If any screening procedures have not been performed perform these screens either in the glove box or move the container back into the fume hood to complete screening 5 2 2 Screen the primary sample container prior to opening the container to expose the sample 5 3 Opening the Primary Sample Container The sample container should be opened carefully to expose sample contents for radiation explosive materials CW As and hazardous chemicals screening Carefully open the primary sample container to expose the sample 5 4 Primary Sample Screen for Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs and Combustible Gases 5 4 1 CGI and PID Screening Background 5 4 1 1 CGI and PID instruments allow the sample to be screened for volatile organic compounds VOCs and combustible gases using a multi gas detector 25 September 2006 Page 39 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 4 1 2 5 4 1 3 5 4 1 4 These instruments typically contain a PID to detect VOCs a CGI and an oxygen detector Many of these instruments can be upgraded to include toxic gas sensors specific to common industrial hazards carbon dioxide hydrogen cyanide etc All of the detectors in these instruments can be used simultaneously 5 4 2 CGI and PID Screening Pro
101. ample collected is representative of the main body of water rather than the water in the pipes Technically three to five times the volume of the piping from the main body of water to the spigot should be discarded but sometimes field conditions do not allow this This water should be collected and not allowed to flow openly or into a drain discharge Surface water samples are collected manually by submerging a clean or sterile container into the water body Remove the lid and protect it from contamination Grasp the container at the base with one hand and plunge the container mouth down into the water to avoid introducing surface scum If the sample source cannot be easily reached use a sampling pole to plunge the container below the surface If there is a current position the mouth of the bottle into the Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 29 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 current Ideally the sampling depth should be 15 30 cm 6 12 below the water surface If the water body is static an artificial current can be created by moving the bottle horizontally in the direction it is pointed and away from the sampler e Samples may be collected at depth with a covered bottle that can be removed with a tripline The most common sampler types are beakers sealable bottles and jars pond samplers and weighted bottle samplers Pond samplers have a fixed or telescoping pole attached to the
102. amples at the site of collection as an additional form of sample documentation The samplers should when possible take pictures of the sample location and the sample container s at the location where the sample was collected Law enforcement should be consulted for proper handling during and after taking photographs videos to ensure integrity of the evidence Information concerning the times and locations of photographs taken or video recorded should be noted in a site logbook A chain of custody form should be maintained for all film development in order to ensure proper handling and tracking Note Photographs or video taken in areas of high security as well as notations and information collected regarding the area may need to be discussed with the law enforcing agency prior to entry Videos and pictures may not be possible in areas of high security as a result drawings and written descriptions may become critical documentation Sample chain of custody COC documentation should be initiated immediately after sample collection Since analytical results may be considered to be evidence it is important to use a qualified laboratory for analytical support and to gain written authorization to release documentation Before exiting the site samplers should at a minimum practice the following gt Verify that the perimeter has been properly secured before leaving the site Verify that hatches locks etc are properly secured gt Remove a
103. ance As summarized above samples will go through a four step screening process prior to laboratory analysis Figure 2 provides details of the sample screening steps that will be performed at the AHRF Figure 2 AHRF Screening Protocols Flowchart AHRF Screening Process STEP 1 Sample Receipt It is assumed that a sample will be collected by first responders and packaged in a primary sample container It is also assumed that primary sample containers will be further packaged into a transport container If a suspicious package is encountered it also will be packaged in a transport container Sample received at AHR Facility Review chain of custody and field report information Interview sample transport technician YES STEP 2 Transport Container Screening Clear by bomb squad specialist YE X Ray optional Is package pressurized or suspected to contain explosive device NO Is explosive device present Perform radiation NO screen YES Alpha beta gamma direct measurement wipe test only if positive Removal by bomb squad STOP Consult supervising lab director appropriate local agency and the FBI WMD Coordinator to determine whether it safe to continue AHRF screening Are readings above threshold YES NO Screen with M8 Does the container have any visual surface paper RD contamination Collect
104. and engineering controls for the operation 2 Provide technical guidance as required or requested related to biohazard classification engineering administrative and work practice controls and the selection of personal protective clothing and equipment PPC amp E Classification of organisms will be IAW National Institutes of Health and Centers for Disease Control guidelines 3 Provide as a minimum quarterly inspections of the work area 4 Investigate all accidents illnesses and recommend corrective actions to reduce the potential for recurrence 5 Develop recommend and or conduct appropriate training and information programs for safe handling of biological specimens 6 Act as the single POC for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Special Immunization Program A 2 Supervisors will 1 Ensure SOPs are developed and staffed for the use of biohazardous materials to include personal protective clothing and equipment required decontamination and waste disposal procedures for the specific materials to be used and that employees have read and signed the SOPs prior to beginning operations 2 Ensure personnel are medically cleared prior to being assigned to work with or handle microorganisms 3 Train personnel and provide employees with the proper personal protective clothing and laboratory equipment and enforce the proper use and wearing thereof 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt
105. and homologues o Anisidine p Anisidine Antimony trioxide production A2 ANTU Arsenic elemental Asbestos all forms Asphalt petroleum fumes Atrazine Azinphos methyl Barium and soluble compounds as Ba Benomyl Benz a anthracene Benzene Benzidine Benzo b fluoranthene A2 Benzo a pyrene Benzotrichloride Benzoyl chloride Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl acetate A4 Benzyl chloride Beryllium and compounds as Be Bismuth telluride as Bi2Te3 Undoped Se doped Bromacil Bromoform 1 3 Butadiene A2 tert Butanol n Butyl acrylate 22 September 2006 A4 A4 A4 A3 A4 A2 A3 A3 A4 A4 Al A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A4 Al Al A4 A4 A4 A4 A2 Al Al A2 A2 A4 A4 A3 Al A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Cadmium elemental and compounds as Cd Calcium chromate as Cr Calcium cyanamide Calcium silicate synthetic Camphor synthetic Caprolactam Particulate Vapor Captafol Captan Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbon black Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane Catechol Chlordane Chlorinated camphene Toxaphene Chlorine 2 Chloroacetophenone Chlorobenzene o Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorodiphenyl 5446 chlorine Chloroform bis Chloromethyl ether Chloromethyl methyl ether Chloropicrin Chlorpyrifos Chromite ore processing Chromate as Cr Chromium metal and inorganic compounds as Cr Metal and Cr III compounds Water soluble C
106. and sanitary condition All equipment environmental enclosures and working surfaces shall be properly cleaned and disinfected with 70 ethanol or equivalent after contact with potentially infectious materials 70 ethanol will be freshly prepared within last 2 weeks and sterile filtered or purchased gamma irrradiated to prevent contamination Work surfaces shall be decontaminated with 70 ethanol or equivalent after completion of procedures when surfaces are overtly contaminated immediately after the spill of potentially infectious materials and at the end of the work shift Work must be conducted over spill trays or plastic backed absorbent material Protective coverings such as plastic wrap aluminum foil or plastic backed absorbent paper may be used to cover equipment and environmental surfaces These coverings shall be removed disposed as biohazardous waste and replaced when they become contaminated or at the end of the work shift Equipment which may become contaminated with potentially infectious materials shall be checked routinely and shall be decontaminated with 0 5 sodium hypochlorite or equivalent as necessary Potentially contaminated equipment must always be decontaminated prior to servicing and or removal from the laboratory A record of the decontamination process should be maintained in an equipment logbook and should include the following information reason for decontaminating method of decontamination approval of t
107. applicable to clinical diagnostic teaching research or production facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic agents with a potential for respiratory transmission and which may cause serious and potentially lethal infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis St Louis encephalitis virus and Coxiella burnetii are representative of microorganisms assigned to this level 1 Primary hazards to personnel working with these agents relate to autoinoculation ingestion and exposure to infectious aerosols 2 At Biosafety Level 3 more emphasis is placed on primary and secondary barriers to protect personnel in contiguous areas the community and the environment from exposure to potentially infectious aerosols For example all laboratory manipulations should be performed in a BSC or other enclosed equipment such as a gas tight aerosol generation chamber Secondary barriers for this level include controlled access to the laboratory and a specialized ventilation system that minimizes the release of infectious aerosols from the laboratory APPENDIX D BIOLOGICAL STORAGE D 1 CDC Select Agents or Toxins a All Select Agents or Toxins must be stored in CDC Select Agent registered storage areas b Only CDC DOJ approved personnel are allowed access to select agent material c Documentation should be made concerning any addition or removal of select agent material D 2 Non CDC Select Agents and Toxins a Infectious materials shall be s
108. ation numbers often consist of elements describing the sample type matrix location and time and date of collection This number is unique to each sample and is placed on all sample documentation The number is used to identify the sample on field reports log books chain of custody records and sample containers and labels The number also can be used on corresponding analytical data reports or evaluations 4 2 Sample Container Labels Each sample container must have a label that clearly provides information identifying and describing the sample At a minimum sample container labels should provide the following information e sample identification number name of the sample collector s e type of sample grab or composite date and time the sample was collected e sample matrix water liquid solid powder etc Site location e g site name or address e preservatives added if applicable e indication of known or suspected hazards All of the information on the sample label must be identical to the information on the COC form and any other required sample forms The sample collector should be able to retrieve the documents and determine where and when the samples were taken in case additional sampling or analysis is necessary Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 12 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 To facilitate sample collection activities and ensure proper label
109. autoclave bag before removing it from the biosafety cabinet The device should be decontaminated promptly after use via the autoclave Although centrifuges can be used outside a biosafety cabinet centrifuges and centrifuge tubes should be checked for signs of leakage following operation Centrifuge tubes should be opened in a biosafety cabinet when working with biohazardous materials Lyophilized culture materials in ampoules opening ampoules containing liquid or lyophilized culture material should be performed in a biosafety cabinet to control the aerosol produced Gloves must be worn To open nick the neck of the ampoule with a file wrap it in disinfectant soaked towel hold the ampoule upright and snap it open at the nick Reconstitute the contents of the ampoule by slowly adding liquid to avoid aerosolizatioin of the dried material Mix the contents without bubbling and withdraw it into a fresh container The towel and ampoule will be autoclaved and disposed as biohazardous waste An autoclave must be present in the laboratory to decontaminate any contaminated materials before disposing of them All tests involving the manipulation of or handling of infectious materials shall be conducted in a biological safety cabinet Additional Safeguards Requirements All items materials potentially contaminated with BSL 3 microorganisms will be decontaminated with an appropriate decon solution such as 0 596 sodium hypochlorite or equivalent followed by
110. autoclaving Operations will be designed so as not to generate aerosols or release etiologic agents outside of biosafety cabinets or other approved engineering controls To avoid autoinoculation by syringes needles will not be manually bent sheared recapped replaced or otherwise removed from the syringe by hand following use All sharps will be decontaminated and placed in a puncture resistant container The sharps container will be autoclaved and disposed as biohazardous waste Eyewashes and safety showers will be readily accessible to the work area Fire extinguishers may be used on incipient stage fires by trained personnel only Professional fire fighters will fight other fires All fires including extinguished fired will be reported to the Fire Department by dialing 911 and to the safety office Spills and accidents with microbiological or chemical agents will be reported immediately to the supervisor and the safety personnel in charge of the BSL 2 facility 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 7 Procedures A Hazardous Operation Pre operational Checklist will be read completed and signed prior to the initiation of each operation B All chemical solutions acids bases and buffers will be prepared and used in a certified and alarmed chemical fume hood APPENDIX A BIOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITIES A 1 Assist supervisors in developing appropriate laboratory practices
111. azardous chemicals in the laboratory Military unique chemical agent or acutely toxic material toxins and radionuclides are included in the scope of this CHP Regulatory requirements for safe handling of these agents are found in the referenced documents in appendix A 2 Applicability The CHP applies to all U S Army ECBC elements located in the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground APG who engage in laboratory operations with hazardous chemicals and toxins as defined in appendix B 3 References A list of references is found at appendix A 4 Explanation of Terms An explanation of terms used in the CHP is found at appendix B 5 Responsibilities a The Chemical Hygiene Officer CHO for ECBC Mr Timothy W Williams CIH CSP Master Industrial Hygienist Risk Reduction Office shall 1 Provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan 2 Review plans and specifications for laboratory construction or renovation to ensure appropriate design criteria are incorporated 3 Ensure hood certification is conducted and approved procedures are used to evaluate hood performance b Risk Reduction Office Risk Management Division shall 1 Conduct periodic inspections of all laboratories where hazardous chemicals and toxins are used Frequency shall be determined based on hazard severity 2 Investigate all reported accidents which result in a potential exposure to ha
112. be on the outside of the primary sample container Evaluate the risks before washing the container with bleach and water 4 5 1 3 5 If negative See Section 4 5 2 proceed to Section 4 6 4 5 2 MS Paper Screen Results 4 5 2 1 MS paper is a chemically treated dye impregnated indicator paper Interaction between the indicator dyes and an organic liquid produces a pH dependent color change 4 5 2 2 M8 paper was designed to change color to indicate the presence of non persistent G type nerve agent yellow V type nerve agent dark green or blister agents red However all organic liquids will be absorbed by M8 paper and produce some color change 25 September 2006 Page 37 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 5 2 3 For purposes of this screening test any wetting of the M8 paper and subsequent color change is a positive indicator of sample leakage and appropriate precautions must be taken including increasing the level of PPE 4 5 2 4 Proceed to Section 4 6 for both positive and negative results 4 6 Continuation of Screening Procedures Assessment 4 6 1 If explosive screens are negative and the sample is not leaking consult with the local laboratory director to determine whether the information provided in the sample COC field report and screening results forms is considered sufficient to provide an assessment of risk to the laboratory the AHRE supports 4 6 2 If information is considered t
113. bon filters designed for use with CWAs Blister Agents also referred to as mustard agents The wounds caused by these agents resemble burns and blisters Blistering agents cause severe damage to the eyes respiratory system and internal organs Common blistering agents are mustard HD nitrogen mustard HN 1 HN 2 HN 3 and Lewisite L Blood Agents Cyanide based agents that inhibit the metal containing enzymes most notably iron in the blood hemoglobin preventing cell respiration from occurring Common examples are hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride Biosafety Cabinet Minimum Class II Type A2 with HEPA and carbon filters designed for use with CWAs Chemical Warfare Agents CWAs The United Nations UN Chemical Weapons Convention defines a CWA as any chemical which through its chemical effect on living processes may cause death temporary loss of performance or permanent injury to people and animals Nerve agents and blister agents are the two classes of CWAs that have been most widely manufactured and used for military purposes Choking Agents Chemical agents that attack lung tissue primarily causing pulmonary edema Common choking agents are chloropicrin PS chlorine Cl phosgene CG and diphosgene DP Colorimetric Indicator A colorimetric indicator is a detector that changes color when it comes in contact with a substance it was designed to detect These indicators typically require a minimum amount of t
114. boratory The outside of all sample containers should be decontaminated with a 10 bleach solution and rinsed with deionized or distilled water before leaving the glove box Samples that are removed from the glove box should be stored in a biological safety cabinet until they are shipped from the AHRF 5 15 3 If additional screening is needed or requested proceed with Section 6 0 25 September 2006 Page 51 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 6 0 Additional Chemical Screening of the Primary Sample If the supervising laboratory director feels further screening is needed reevaluate results and determine the next course of action An example of additional screening is outlined in this section but ultimately the supervising laboratory director and AHRF personnel will determine what further screening will be done Screen the sample for CWAs and chemical compounds using colorimetric chemical indicator paper Colorimetric chemical indicator paper can be obtained commercially in single patches of eight small squares that change color when they come into contact with their target chemical One of the indicator papers should be M8 paper to detect the presence of nerve or blister V G and H agents The other indicator papers should identify chlorine pH fluoride cyanide sulfide arsenic and oxidizers Draeger tubes also may be used as an option for assessing sample headspace for target chemical agents and compounds
115. cator Take as many pictures as deemed appropriate to clearly and accurately document the sample 4 3 Primary Sample Container Screen for Radiation Radiation Screen Background 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 3 25 September 2006 4 3 1 1 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 3 Unless the transport container or secondary container is lead lined there is no reason to perform a gamma scan on the primary sample container since high energy beta or gamma radiation will penetrate the sample containers If a gamma scan is required refer to Section 3 2 An alpha beta scan will provide an indication of the presence of any radioactive contamination on the outside of the primary container s or of any high energy beta radiation that is in the sample Radiation screening should be performed by personnel trained in or familiar with the radiation screening equipment that is used It is recommended that a certified radiation technician perform this screening Use of radiation screening equipment is complicated and some calculations are required to obtain screening results Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Procedures 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 6 4 3 2 7 Set the toggle switch on the meter to alpha beta counts Focusing on the areas of the container that are most likely to be contaminated e g bottom of the container lid opening handles and container seams perform a direct read alpha beta scan of the sample transport conta
116. cedures 5 4 2 1 5 4 2 2 5 4 2 3 5 4 2 4 5 4 2 5 5 4 2 6 In order to obtain the most sensitive PID and CGI reading the reading should be taken on the headspace inside the primary container immediately after the primary container is opened Shut off all vents in the glove box to minimize air movement and exchange Hold the end of the detector approximately 1 2 inch from the sample and observe the instrument readout for at least five seconds Do not touch the sample or sample container with the detector or the instrument may become contaminated If the primary sample containment consists of a container inside a containment bag open the containment bag and then open the sample container leaving the sample container inside the containment bag Place the end of the detector in the opening of the bag Close the bag as much as possible with the end of the detector inside the containment bag as close to the open end of the sample container as possible Observe the readings for a few minutes and record the highest reading The bag will trap any airborne VOCs or combustible gases from the sample If the primary sample containment consists of an outer container and another inner container bring a containment bag into the glove box before the primary sample containers are opened Remove the inner container from the outer container Place the inner container inside a containment bag and open the inner container Place the end of the
117. confirms directional inward airflow be provided at the laboratory entrance 7 HEPA filtered exhaust air from Class II biological safety cabinet can be re circulated into the laboratory if the cabinet is tested and certified at least annually When exhaust air from Class II safety cabinets is to be discharged to the outside through the building 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance exhaust system the cabinets must be connected in a manner that avoids any interference with the air balance of the cabinets or the building exhaust system When Class III bio safety cabinets are used they should be directly connected to the exhaust system If the Class III cabinets are connected to the supply system it is done in a manner that prevents positive pressurization of the cabinets 8 Vacuum lines are protected with liquid disinfectant traps and HEPA filters or their equivalent Filters must be replaced as needed An alternative is to use portable vacuum pumps also protected with traps and filters 9 Aneyewash station is readily available inside the laboratory 10 Illumination is adequate for all activities avoiding reflections and glare that could impede vision 11 Continuous flow centrifuges or other equipment that may produce aerosols are contained in devices that exhaust air through HEPA filters before discharge into the laboratory These HEPA systems are tested at least annually Alternatively the exhau
118. creening of the Sample Prior to transferring any primary sample containers into the all hazards glove box the glove box should be decontaminated to ensure samples are not compromised See Appendix A e Collect an aggregate wipe sample on the inside of the glove box See Appendix A This sample should be analyzed on site or labeled so that it is easily traceable to the sample that enters the glove box next This wipe sample will function as a decontamination blank for that sample e Runa photoionization detector PID and combustible gas indicator CGI to test the ambient air in the glove box Use these results to check that there is no background contamination from earlier samples or other sources NOTE AHRE staff may want to prepare sample screening kits that contain all of the disposable pieces of screening equipment used for direct sample screening e g one or two of each pH starch iodide and colorimetric indicator paper an extra containment bag a disposable spatula or any other screening equipment used to test most samples These kits can enter and exit the glove box with each sample and help prevent overcrowding and cross contamination 5 1 Movement of Primary Sample Container s into Glove Box 5 1 1 Prior to opening the primary sample container for direct screening of the sample transfer the container from the fume hood through the double lock doors into a glove box that contains HEPA and carbon filtration 5 2 Initial S
119. d for Screening of Oxidizers in Waste ASTM D4981 95 Philadelphia ASTM International 2003 Standard Test Method for Screening of pH in Waste ASTM D4980 89 Philadelphia ASTM International 2003 Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation SAM 935 Surveillance and Measurement System Version 11 Sept 2005 Field Forensics Inc EL100 Field Guide For more information please email info fieldforensics com or call 727 867 0673 Model EL100 Operating Instructions For more information please email info fieldforensics com or call 727 867 0673 Holzman G E H Smith and Carl Niemann The Colorimetric Estimation of H and HN3 with DB3 OSRD 4288 Washington Office of Scientific Research and Development 1944 Ludlum Measurement Inc Ludlum Model 2360 Scaler Ratemeter Data Logger May 2006 Ludlum Model 2929 Dual Channel Scaler Sept 2001 Ludlum Model 43 10 1 Alpha Beta Sample Counter Feb 2002 Ludlum Model 43 93 amp 43 93 2 Alpha Beta Scintillators July 2002 Mistral Group Drop Ex Plus Instructions Security Law Enforcement and Public Safety 22 Sept 2006 lt http www mistralgroup com SEC_downloads asp gt National Fire Protection Association Standard on Vapor Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies NFPA 1991 Quincy NFPA 2005 Standard on Liquid Splash Protective Ensembles and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies NFPA 1992 Quincy NFPA
120. d for a color change If color change occurs record as a positive result If the results of potassium starch iodide paper are negative no color change proceed with the nerve agent enzyme ticket screening See Section 5 12 If the results of the potassium iodide starch paper are positive do not perform the nerve agent enzyme ticket screening because the presence of a strong oxidizer in solution will invalidate the results of the nerve agent enzyme ticket screening Instead proceed to the optional FSP and IMS screens See Section 5 13 and or the visual inspection of the primary sample See Section 5 14 5 12 Primary Sample Screen for Nerve Agents 5 12 1 Nerve Agent Test Background 25 September 2006 5 12 1 1 5 12 1 2 5 12 1 3 Screen the sample for nerve agents using a chemical and enzymatic indicator test kit Enzyme and chemical impregnated papers used in these kits will change color typically to blue or green in the absence of nerve agents Be sure to follow the manufacturer s instructions Page 48 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 0112 2 5 12 3 5 12 4 25 September 2006 WARNING If analyses require direct physical contact with the sample or sample consumption be sure to separate the amount of sample needed from the sample container Do not introduce any foreign objects or materials into the sample container Some of these kits contain chemicals that could contaminat
121. d is present it does not identify specific CWAs Any substance containing phosphorous or sulfur will cause the FSP to respond regardless of whether the substance is a CWA or a relatively harmless compound 4 1 2 IMS and FSP Screening Procedures 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 4 1 2 3 25 September 2006 This part of the screening is performed in the fume hood or equivalent environmental enclosure Screen the transport container with a Flame Spectrophotometer FSP and or Ion Mobility Spectrometer IMS by holding the end of the FSP or IMS at the seam of the transport container Open the transport container approximately 2 to 3 inches and hold the front end of the FSP or IMS in the container opening Page 30 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Wait at least 5 seconds for the FSP and 60 seconds for the IMS to see if there is a response 4 1 2 4 Remove transport container lid and slowly scan the tops of each secondary primary container with the FSP WARNING If the FSP or IMS screen indicates that CWAs may be present at any point during this screening make sure all primary containers remain inside the transport container re secure the transport container and immediately notify the local lab director and other appropriate authorities 4 1 2 5 Remove each secondary primary sample container from the sample transport container one at a time 4 1 2 6 Hold the FSP or IMS next to the seal of each secondary
122. d or needed Once the level of PPE and AHRF screening plan has been developed the appropriate local authorities and FBI WMD Coordinator should be made aware of the sample and the screening plan based on the information received during the sample receipt process 2 5 1 25 September 2006 Determine AHRF screening plan AHRF staff including the supervising lab director should use best professional judgment to evaluate the information provided during sample receipt to determine the extent of facility screening that should be necessary to expeditiously and accurately provide the information needed to protect the laboratory and the level of PPE to be worn Example decisions include the following 2 5 1 1 25 12 If the sample transport container is suspected to contain an explosive device or explosive or shock sensitive material as determined by visual inspection i e protruding wires rigidness or bulkiness excessive tape or string seek bomb squad assistance before further handling Immediately obtain expert assistance in removing gas bombs canisters or gas cylinders that are under pressure from the AHRF If information in the field report indicates an immediate threat or health risk e g exposure resulted in blistering disorientation respiratory problems convulsions and or death facility staff should increase the level of PPE If the sample is identified as a suspicious powder and there is indication of an intentional thr
123. d set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If results of the direct read are less than twice the average background and thus less than the thresholds proceed with Section 3 3 and Section 4 below Screening results that indicate a gamma dose rate greater than the threshold should halt AHRF screening procedures Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available or other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Consult a radiological technician local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue If not the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiological laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma scans and wipe samples will be necessary on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Procedures 3 2 4 1 3 2 4 2 3 2 4 3 Set the toggle switch on the meter should to alpha beta counts Focusing on the areas of the container that are most likely to be contaminated e g bottom
124. d to conduct operations under approved SOPs 5 Ensure that personnel have received hazard communication training 6 Ensure that personnel are provided personal protective clothing and equipment necessary for the operation and are provided adequate training in their use 7 Conduct inspections of laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins as required to ensure compliance with the SOP CHP and applicable regulations 8 Ensure that hazardous waste handlers receive initial hazardous waste training and refresher classes 9 Ensure compliance with hazardous chemical and toxin storage and distribution requirements 10 Conduct hazardous chemical training in conjunction with the hazard communication program HAZCOM 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 11 Ensure that semi annual certification and maintenance is provided for laboratory ventilation systems chemical fume hoods gloveboxes biological safety cabinets and autoclaves f Laboratory personnel shall 1 Plan and conduct laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins IAW the SOP CHP and applicable regulations 2 Use the protective clothing and equipment necessary to conduct the operation in a safe manner 3 Report hazardous conditions exposures or abnormal circumstances associated with an operation to their supervisor 4 Be registered in the Occupational Health Program and report
125. de aluminum borohydride aluminum bromide aluminum chloride aluminum diethyl monochloride aluminum fluoride aluminum hypophosphide aluminum phosphide antimony chloride antimony fluoride antimony tribromide antimony trichloride antimony trifluoride antimony triiodide antimony trivInyl arsenic bromide arsenic chloride arsenic iodide arsenic tribromide arsenic trichloride arsenic triiodide barium barium carbide barium hydride barium monoxide barium oxide barium sulfide benzene diazonium chloride benzene phosphorus dichloride benzol chloride benzyl silane beryllium hydride beryllium tetrahydroborate bismuth pentafluoride borane bromine monofluoride 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol bromine pentafluoride bromine trifluoride bromodiethylaluminum n butyl lithium butyl trichlorosilane cadmium acetylide cadmium amide calcium carbide calcium hydride calcium oxide calcium phosphide cesium amide cesium hydride cesium phosphide chlorine monofluoride chlorine pentafluoride chlorine trifluoride chloroacetyl chloride chloro chromic anhydride chlorodiisobutyl aluminum chlorophenol isocyanate chromyl chloride copper acetylide cyclohexenyl trichlorosilane cyclohexyl trichlorosilane diethylaluminum chloride decahydronaphthalene diphenylmethane diisocyanate disulfuryl chloride dodecyl trichlorosilane ethyl dichloroarsine ethyl dichlorosilane ethyl
126. decontaminating surfaces especially those contaminated with spores has not been completed further action may be required B REAGENTS AND MATERIALS 1 Reagents 1 1 596 Sodium Hypochlorite Household Bleach 1 2 White Vinegar used to stabilize bleach to pH 6 7 1 3 Denatured 95 Ethanol ETOH or 70 85 Isopropyl Alcohol IPA 1 4 Deionized Water DI Water Note The following shelf lives must be adhered to e Spray bottles of bleach ETOH IPA DI water must be replaced monthly 2 Materials 2 1 Spray Bottles 2 2 Wash Bottles 2 3 Sterile Disposable Gloves 2 4 Starch lodide Indicator Paper 2 5 Shatter Proof Waste Containers 2 6 Large Plastic Bags 2 7 Duct Tape 2 8 Vermiculite 2 9 Absorbent Toweling Revision No 1 Page 1 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No IOP 0905 2 10 Autoclave Bags 2 11 Autoclave Bag Holder 2 12 Small wide mouth glass storage jars 3 Equipment 3 1 Drying Autoclave C PROCEDURE The procedures for decontaminating work surfaces and supplies prior to and after working with forensic samples that are potentially contaminated with chemical and biological warfare agents are outlined below At all times the operator is dressed in appropriate approved personal protection equipment PPE and use good laboratory practices 1 The following procedure is used to prepare the work area biological safety cabinet chemical fume hood glove box and ancillary equipment for the next
127. ded overnight or conducted without prior approval from the ECBC Risk Reduction Office 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 The availability of medical support for chemical agent operations shall be confirmed by laboratory personnel daily b Signs and Labels 1 Laboratory supervisors shall post STEAP FE Form 104R NOTICE SOP 420 1 at the entrance to each laboratory room The form shall list the room custodian along with telephone numbers for both work and home 2 Post warnings at areas or equipment where special or unusual hazards exist 1 e carcinogens reproductive toxins substances which have high degree of acute toxicity confined spaces lasers 3 Areas using toxins will be labeled with a sign which states Caution Toxins in Use during operations A Universal Biohazard sign will be posted on all entrances to the room and labeled to indicate the use of toxins c Handling Chemicals 1 Working quantities of hazardous chemicals outside of storage during an operation shall be kept to a minimum Containers shall be closed when not in use 2 Care should be taken to minimize aerosol formation during complex manipulations Electrostatic powders and other solid materials shall be handled in solution whenever feasible Glove boxes or glove bags inside a chemical hood may be required on a case by case basis 3 Mouth pipetting is prohibited d Laboratory Glassware 1
128. diation is also 25 September 2006 Page 60 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance hazardous if materials that emit beta radiation are inhaled or ingested Use of protective clothing coupled with scrupulous personal hygiene and decontamination affords good protection against alpha and beta radiation Gamma radiation easily passes through clothing and human tissue and can cause serious permanent damage to the body Chemical protective clothing affords no protection against gamma radiation itself however use of respiratory and other protective equipment can help keep radiation emitting materials from entering the body by inhalation ingestion injection or skin absorption Explosion and Fire There are many potential causes of explosions and fires including e Chemical reactions Ignition of explosive or flammable chemicals Ignition of materials due to oxygen enrichment Agitation of shock or friction sensitive compounds Sudden release of materials under pressure Explosions and fires may arise spontaneously However more commonly they result from site activities such as moving drums accidentally mixing incompatible chemicals or introducing an ignition source such as a spark from equipment into an explosive or flammable environment Explosions and fires not only pose the obvious hazards of intense heat open flame smoke inhalation and flying objects but may also cause the release of toxic chemical
129. ditional screening The blister agents are generally poorly soluble or insoluble in water with the exception of Lewisite and phosgene oxime CX Mustard is denser than water and will settle to the bottom of the vial during testing If the sample is an insoluble organic liquid that is denser than water the sample may contain mustard Proceed with the DB 3 dye test for alkylating agents If the sample reacts violently when added to water screening should be stopped and the lab director and FBI WMD coordinator should be contacted for direction If the sample dissolves or is miscible in water perform the additional sample screening procedures described in Sections 5 10 to 5 12 pH starch iodide and enzyme kit colorimetric tests If the sample is not soluble or miscible in water the pH starch iodide paper and enzyme tests cannot be performed Record the physical properties of the sample as described in Section 5 14 5 9 DB 3 Dye Test for Alkylating Agents 5 9 1 DB 3 Dye Test Procedures 5 9 1 1 5 9 1 2 Mix reagents 5 9 1 1 1 Reagent 1 Prepare a solution containing 4 4 nitrobenzyl pyridine 11 25 mg mL and mercury II cyanide 13 2 mg mL in methanol 5 9 1 1 2 Reagent 2 Prepare a solution of potassium carbonate 600mg ml in water Test Sample 5 9 1 2 1 Weta piece of chromatography grade silica gel paper with 5 drops of Reagent 1 5 9 1 2 2 Place the silica gel paper on a hot plate for 2 minutes 5 9 2 3 Re
130. e Preparation and Shipment sess nretnen nee nr enne nnen ne 53 8 0 Glossary ob T rnis soo escombros adt ees E aD E 55 9 0 Attachments uoce ee eot ee inte er a au Sar NERA eres eden EN xa ada 59 9 1 Attachment 1 Personal Protection Equipment PPE esee 59 9 2 Attachment 2 Example Sample Receipt Form eese nennen 63 25 September 2006 Page 2 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 3 Attachment 3 Example Chain of Custody Form COC sese 64 9 4 Attachment 4 Example Facility Screening Results Forms eene 74 9 4 1 Transport Container Screening Results Form eese 74 9 4 2 Primary Sample Container Screening Results Form eee 76 9 4 3 Primary Sample Screening Results Form eese eere 76 10 0 Appendices c soo inr PI EU E a nut ee use trt ibd 81 10 1 Appendix A Example IOP for Work Area Cleanup and Decontamination sssss 81 10 2 Appendix B Example IOP for the Titration of Bleach and HTH see 81 10 3 Appendix C Example SOP for AHRF BL 2 BL 3 Operations Lab Safety ssssss 81 10 4 Appendix D Example Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan eee 81 10 5 Appendix E Sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events
131. e identified by the entry of an X placed before the proper shipping name in the column captioned HM The X may be replaced by RQ if appropriate i e Class 9 The UN NA Identification Number The following labeling is required Proper shipping name and identification number from Column 4 of the HMT at 49 CFR 172 101 DOT shipping label at least 3 9 inches on a side Contact shipping company or DOT for instructions for labels of hazardous materials Note All containers of 110 gallons or less used in transportation should be marked with HAZARDOUS WASTE Federal law Prohibits Improper Disposal If found contact the nearest police or public safety authority or the U S Environmental Protection Agency The laboratory s name number and the identification number as shown on the chain of custody form should also be included Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 35 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Note The only materials for which you need not determine the actual hazard prior to selecting a proper shipping description are materials listed in the HMT at 49 CFR 172 101 with a in column 1 49 CFR 172 101 b 1 This notation fixes the proper shipping name and hazard class regardless of the hazard presented Also specific materials listed as Class 9 and which present no higher hazard are always Class 9 49 CFR 173 140 Most small businesses
132. e it was designed to detect There are many different types of indicators Some indicator papers can change to many different shades of a particular color that can be used to determine a very rough concentration of a target substance Ion Mobility Spectrometer IMS An ion mobility spectrometer determines the presence of a substance by placing a positive charge on each molecule that enters the IMS and then measuring 25 September 2006 Page 56 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance its molecular mass to charge ratio An IMS will identify molecules that have a corresponding mass to charge ratio programmed into the instrument s database This instrument can identify specific compounds but it is unable to quantify the amount present Nerve Agents Nerve agents affect the transmission of nerve impulses in the nervous system Most nerve agents are organo phosphorous compounds These compounds are stable easily dispersed and have highly toxic and rapid effects with inhalation or skin contact Common nerve agents are Tabun GA Sarin GB Soman GC Cyclohexylsarin GF and VX Non Standard Butyl Gloves Butyl rubber gloves that are 7mil thick PPE Personal Protective Equipment Equipment that protects the human body from hazards e g chemical biological radiological explosive or physical Gloves safety goggles steel toed boots aprons Tyvek suits face shields and respirators are examples of different
133. e presence of oxidizers Page 47 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 11 2 Starch Iodide Paper Test Procedures 5 11 3 5 11 2 1 5 11 2 2 5 11 2 3 Potassium starch iodide paper can only be used on aqueous solutions If the sample is aqueous place one drop of the liquid onto the potassium starch iodide paper Observe and record the results If the sample is a liquid or a solid and is miscible soluble in water place one drop of the miscibility solubility solution See Section 5 8 onto the paper Observe and record the results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form Starch Iodide Paper Test Results 5 11 3 1 5 11 3 2 5 11 3 3 5 11 3 4 5 11 3 5 5 11 3 6 Potassium starch iodide paper can only be used on aqueous solutions If the paper develops a blue purple color an oxidizer is indicated and is considered a positive result Since oxidizers such as bleach are used to decontaminate CWA a positive result reduces the possibility that the sample contains CWA However the presence of strong oxidizers may still present a hazard that needs to be assessed prior to release of the sample to a fixed laboratory Strong oxidizers may cause rapid breakdown of the blue complex formed by the iodide ions and starch This bleaching of the test paper can lead to false negative results if the test is not read quickly As the sample wicks up the paper watch the leading edge of the liqui
134. e scoop spoon spatula or scalpel Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Pipettes Outer plastic container or bag Sterile non cotton swab or wipe Sterile plastic container with a Teflon lined lid Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label 8 Hemostats Outer plastic container or bag Sterile sample syringe and blunt tip needle Sterile plastic container with a Teflon lined lid Sealable transparent bags Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes Parafilm wax paper Custody seal and sample label Pipettes Outer plastic container or bag Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 9 Disposable nitrile gloves Sealable bags thick trash bags Sturdy shipping container Sample labels chain of custody forms field notebook permanent marker all weather pens Ruler or tape measure Camera Liquids for moistening the wipes or swabs sterile decontaminated water or phosphate buffering solution Disposable nitrile gloves Sealable bags thick trash bags Sturdy shipping container Sample labels chain of custody forms field notebook permanent marker all weather pens Ruler or tape measure Camera Certified clean Teflon tubing to fit syringe needles Tubing weights Disposable nitrile gloves Sealable bags thick trash bags Sturdy shipping container Sample labels chain of custody forms
135. e the sample and compromise or complicate future analysis 5 12 1 4 Observe and Record all results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form Nerve Agent Screen Procedures for Liquid or Aqueous Samples 5 12 2 1 Place the smallest amount of sample or the solubility miscibility solution to wet the entire surface see Section 5 8 onto the enzyme impregnated paper contained in the detector 5 12 2 2 Press the body of the detector into the detector holder so that the paper comes into contact with the chemical impregnated paper 5 12 2 3 A change in the color of the paper indicates that nerve agents are not present Nerve Agent Screen Procedures for Vapor Samples 5 12 3 1 Moisten the enzyme impregnated paper with reagent water 5 12 3 2 Place the paper into the opening of the sample container without touching the paper to any container surfaces 5 12 3 3 Press the body of the detector into the detector holder so that the paper comes into contact with the chemical impregnated paper 5 12 3 4 Achangein the color of the paper indicates that nerve agents are not present Nerve Agent Screening Results 5 12 4 1 The nerve agent enzyme ticket utilizes an acetylcholinesterase enzyme system to detect the presence of nerve agents The test reagents consist of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on a filter paper spot and the substrate indoxyl acetate The nerve agents compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme In the ab
136. e whether a specific laboratory needs to be used for further examination of the evidentiary material This document presents the draft interim AHRF Protocol and Standard Operating Procedures SOP for sample screening to be used as guidance when dealing with these types of scenarios Figure 1 summarizes the proposed screening process It is assumed that facility staff will be trained in Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA requirements for hazardous waste operations and emergency response standard 29 CFR 1910 120 or 29 CFR 1926 65 and will be familiar with a Health and Safety Plan specific to the facility Some information and guidance regarding personal protective equipment PPE is provided in Attachment 1 of this document OSHA requires that Level D protection is used when the atmosphere contains no known hazard and work functions preclude splashes immersion or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals Although Level D lists the use of hard hats and face shields it is anticipated that these will not be needed during routine facility operations The type of PPE should be assessed and modified as necessary with each sample received At a minimum PPE for AHRF staff should include the following e Coveralls or Laboratory Coat e 2 pairs of nitrile gloves e g nitrile gloves compliant with 21 CFR preferably at least 5 mil Alternatively and if CWAs are suspected to be present
137. eat AHRF screening should focus on protecting biological laboratories and increasing the level of PPE used by facility personnel through a detailed threat assessment and screening plan If the receiving laboratory is equipped to handle samples containing hazardous chemicals e g arsenic cyanide organic vapors AHRF screening should focus on radioactivity explosives and chemical warfare agents If a hazard has been identified or ruled out in the field with certainty corresponding screening steps may not be necessary at the AHRF Page 22 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 0 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screening The sample transport container is screened for explosive devices and radioactivity prior to screening the primary sample container s or the sample itself If possible sample transport containers are screened in a staging area outside of the AHRF for explosive devices if they are suspected Ideally any sample suspected of containing explosive devices would have been screened before arriving NOTE If the primary sample container is packaged in both a secondary container and a transport container an abbreviated screening of the transport container is performed Abbreviated screening includes explosive gamma and M8 screening The full screening is performed on the secondary container instead WARNING Do not open sample transport containers during the transport container screenin
138. ection 3 2 7 1 proceed to Section 4 0 unless there is an unusual substance presence on the transport container as discussed in Section 2 2 if so proceed to Section 3 3 M8 Paper Screen to perform the screening of the primary sample container s If the wipe is above the threshold levels See Section 3 2 7 1 attempt to decontaminate the container using a wet cloth Dispose of all cleaning materials as radioactive material Re wipe the surface of the container and count the wipes following the procedure above See Section 3 2 6 Evaluate the results against the established thresholds See Section 3 2 7 1 If it is below the thresholds proceed to Section 4 0 unless there is an unusual substance presence on the transport container as discussed in Section 2 2 if so proceed to Section 3 3 M8 Paper Screen to perform the screening of the primary sample container s If the results are still above the thresholds the container cannot be easily decontaminated halt AHRF screening procedures Wrap the container in plastic and other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available Consult a radiological technician local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue If screening cannot continue the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiol
139. ed in a designated area where access to unauthorized personnel is restricted The area may be the entire room an area within the room or the primary containment Doors leading to the designated area shall remain closed at all times b Each designated area shall be posted DANGER CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN CAUTION CANCER SUSPECT AGENT CAUTION TOXINS or CAUTION TOXIC AGENTS AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY as appropriate 3 Working Surfaces Working surfaces shall be impervious to the hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory Spill trays should be used when complex manipulations are conducted e Decontamination Contaminated equipment apparatus and glassware shall be decontaminated before removal from the designated area Working surfaces shall be 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance decontaminated prior to beginning new operations Acetone ethanol or water is recommended for solvent washing when chemical decontamination is not feasible f Animal Work 1 Administration of toxicants shall be by injection or oral gavage instead of dietary whenever feasible If dietary administration must be used cages should be maintained under negative pressure The diet shall be mixed in a chemical hood or under local ventilation 2 Work practice controls including wet cleaning methods and HEPA filtered vacuums shall be used to minimize the generation of contaminated aerosols including th
140. ed of the event 2 2 Visually Inspect the Sample Container and Confirm Information This visual inspection will allow the AHRF personnel to confirm the information provided by the delivery personnel and documentation In cases where a risk is known or expected as a result of field screening or site evaluation a label or placard may be attached to the sample transport container providing information regarding associated risks e g radioactive explosive corrosive toxic or flammable As a precaution AHRF personnel should assume that any unlabeled sample transport container contains hazards until the contents are further screened or evaluated The possibility that containers may be mislabeled also should be considered Record results of the following visual inspection on the Sample Receipt Form Attachment 2 WARNING Sample transport containers should not be opened during any sample receipt activities including during visual inspection of the container 2 2 1 Have the delivery personnel place the transport container into the sample entrance air lock 2 2 2 Don appropriate PPE 2 2 3 Move sample into the fume hood or equivalent environmental enclosure 2 2 4 Visually inspect the sample transport container 2 2 4 1 Examine the sample transport container for suspicious indicators 2 2 4 1 1 Potential suspicious package indicators include the following characteristics e Protruding wires e Rigidness or bulkiness e Strange odors only ob
141. ement for alpha and beta STOP onsult supervising lab director appropriate local agency and the FBI WMD Coordinator to determine whether it safe to continue AHRF screening Are readings above threshold YES NO STOP Consult supervising lab director appropriate local agency NS m s sufficient sample available 9 gt 2g or 2mL to obtain a sample sample aliquot bes 1g or 1mL aliquot for screening OPTIONAL p add Screen el tee a ee IMS transfer to the Class Il A2 prior to thermal susceptibility test biosafety cabinet Does either the FSP or IMS indicate a CWA Explosive Screen thermal susceptibility test Do both the FSP and IMS indicate a CWA NEGATIVE Note Proceed with YES YES i sample screening Report presumptive positive dies p using the remainder of Aasiaa iae aia Proceed to Step 4l 1 imL for CWA indicated by IMS p the 1g n e Page 12 of 81 25 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance AHRF Screening Process Continued STEP 4b CWA Screening Record physical properties of sample state color etc Note If sample reacts with water immediately halt Screening Contact lab director and FBI WMD Coordinator Perform water solubility miscibility test Test sample with M8 paper MISCIBLE OR SOLUBLE NON WET the sample mo
142. emi volatiles 1L Amber with Teflon lined Screw caps Quarternary 1L Amber PVC or silanized glass nitrogen compounds Carbamate 40 mL Glass with Teflon lined septa Pesticides 125 mL Plastic i e HDPE Organometallic 125 mL Plastic i e HDPE compounds Plastic Glass with Teflon lined septa volatile general Plasto Amber Glass 5 e Water quality 1L Plastic 1 Chemistry Dilute Biologicals 100L Plastic 20 L Carboys 1 Water quality 250 mL Plastic Bacteria Table 3 3 Expanded List of Containers for Sampling Aqueous Media Contaminant Type Preservation Biological Volatiles 5 40 ml Glass with Teflon lined septa HCI to pH lt 2 Carbamate Pesticides 4 40 ml Glass with Teflon lined septa Potassium dihydrogen citrate sample pH to 3 8 general caps Metas Elemens iLPasic NiicacdiopHz2 Cyanide 2 1 L Plastic Sodium hydroxide to pH 12 Unknowninogancs 2 iLPasic T Nme o Pathogens cutu 2 100 m HDPE iKchlorinated sodium thiosulfate Pathogens POR 2 100 m HDPE ifchlorinated sodium thiosulfate Water quality Bacteria 0250miPlasic t chlorinated sodium thiosulfate It is extremely difficult to detect biological agents in drinking water unless they are very concentrated If there is a lot of water present five 20 L carboys are the preferred containers for collection of biological agents in an aqueou
143. en near the endpoint and finally to a clear solution Without the addition of the indicator the endpoint would be distinguished by the solution turning colorless 25 014 des gt 6 02 2I This colorless endpoint provided by the conversion of l to l is very difficult to obtain with precision thus a starch solution is added as an indicator The starch forms a complex which results in a distinct blue color The blue color can then be titrated to the colorless endpoint with more clarity I Starch gt I Starch complex Revision No 0 Page 1 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No IOP 0929 REFERENCES WI 098 Determination of Measurement Uncertainty WI 099 Control of Certificates of Analysis and Certificates of Sterility WI 200 Statistical Techniques IOP 0940 General Guidelines for the Use of Laboratory Notebooks DA PAM 385 61 Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards REQUIRED MATERIALS 1 5 Sodium Hypochlorite Houshold Bleach or Calcium Hypochlorite HTH 2 25 or 50 mL Buret 3 0 1 N Sodium Thiosulfate Na2S203 Note The normality of this solution must be either verified in house or certified by an ISO Registered company Ifa certification by an outside company is used ensure that the Certificate of Analysis is obtained and controlled IAW Wl 099 4 Deionized Water DI H2O 5 Starch Indicator 6 Glacial Acetic Acid Potassium lodide KI 8 Ring stand with buret clamp 9 Balance 10 Pipettes
144. ents MS Paper Test Performed Results Comments Water Solubility and Reactivity Test Performed Results Nerve Agent Test Performed Test Result Comments 25 September 2006 Page 79 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Optional IMS and FSP Screen IMS Screen Performed Results Comments Instrument Model S N FSP Screen Performed Results Comments Instrument Model S N Visual Inspection Physical Description Color Composition Texture Photograph Taken Other Other Other Other Initial Screening and Shipment Assessment Is there sufficient information to provide Comments an assessment of risk to the receiving laboratory ts Is there an appropriate laboratory to comments transfer the sample to Packaged and Decontaminated the exterior Comments of all transport containers 25 September 2006 Page 80 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 0 Appendices 10 1 Appendix A Example IOP for Work Area Cleanup and Decontamination 10 2 Appendix B Example IOP for the Titration of Bleach and HTH 10 3 Appendix C Example SOP for AHRF BL 2 BL 3 Operations Lab Safety 10 4 Appendix D Example Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan 10 5 Appendix E Sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events 10 6 Appendix F Refere
145. environment via water and wind Protective clothing and respiratory equipment can help reduce the chances of exposure Thorough washing of any exposed body parts and equipment will help protect against infection 25 September 2006 Page 62 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 2 Attachment 2 Example Sample Receipt Form A Sample Receipt form creates an accurate written record of the information gained through the interview process with the courier An example Sample Receipt form is provided in this attachment 25 September 2006 Page 63 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance All Hazards Receipt Facility Example Sample Receipt Form Name of Sample Receipt Personnel A M P M mm dd yyyy No Comments Does the sample have a corresponding Chain of Custody COC form L Does the sample have a corresponding field report or emergency sample form Government Agency performing field evaluaton NOTE if suspected of being an explosive pressurized or dispersal device STOP and contact qualififed bomb specialist If sample transport container is suspected to contain an explosive device or explosive or shock sensitive waste as determined by visual inspection seek specialized assistance before further handiing 25 September 2006 Page 64 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 Review Verify and Update the COC a Does the COC conta
146. epartment of Transportation Hazardous Materials Transportation Act HMTA and Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety Act HMTSA requirements at 49 CFR parts 171 through 177 for packaging and transporting hazardous materials Information obtained during the facility sample receipt and screening processes can be used to make decisions regarding the level of protection needed and to ensure Facility staff has proper personal protective equipment PPE PPE that will protect employees from the hazards and potential hazards they are likely to encounter as identified during sample receipt and screening should be selected and used OSHA standards at 29 CFR 1910 120 include the following e PPE selection is based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the PPE relative to the requirements and limitations of the site the task specific conditions and duration and the hazards and potential hazards identified at the site e The level of protection provided by PPE selection shall be increased when additional information on site conditions indicates that increased protection is necessary to reduce employee exposures below permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits and published exposure levels for hazardous substances and health hazards e The level of employee protection provided may be decreased when additional information or site conditions show that decreased protection will not result in hazardous exposures to employees
147. er Screen for Radiation eee 24 3 3 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screen for Chemical Warfare Agents 28 4 0 Primary Sample Container Screening essere 30 4 1 Optional Ion Mobility Spectrophotometer IMS and Flame Spectrophotometer FSP Screening and Unpacking the Transport Container essere nee enne eneen tenen teen nre enne 30 4 2 Visual Inspection of the Primary Sample Container sese 31 4 3 Primary Sample Container Screen for Radiation essere 32 4 4 Primary Sample Container Screen for Explosives eese eene 35 4 5 Primary Sample Container Screen for Chemical Warfare Agents sse 36 4 6 Continuation of Screening Procedures Assessment eene 38 4 7 Sample Container Evaluation for Transfer to Glove Box eene 38 5 0 Initial Direct Screening of the Sample sese 39 5 4 Movement of Primary Sample Container s into Glove Box esee 39 5 2 Initial Sample Processing eese eene ener en nenne nnenren eene reiner treten nre enne nn enne 39 5 3 Opening the Primary Sample Container essent nennen enne 39 5 4 Primary Sample Screen for Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs and Combustible Gases 39 5 5 Primary Sample Screen for Radiation eee ee
148. erform this operation or work in this laboratory BSL 3 microorganisms BL 3 organisms are indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious and potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route Persons who are immunocompromised or immunosuppressed may be at an increased risk of acquiring infections and are not allowed to perform this operation or work in this laboratory Biological Toxins All toxins must be considered to pose a hazard in aerosol form Most toxins exert their effects only after potential exposure or ingestion and a few toxins present a dermal hazard In general toxins of biological origin are not instringinsically volatile Laboratory safety precautions appropriate for handling toxins closely parallel those for handling infectious organisms e Use of the autoclave and incinerators could create a burn hazard to personnel 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance e Laboratory chemicals reagents Primary hazard is from spills splashes of toxic or caustic chemicals MSDSs for chemical hazards will be posted in the laboratory A Preventive Procedures 1 2 3 4 Safety goggles or shield to be worn whenever there is a splash hazard Safety shower and eyewashes will be monitored periodically for proper use and always be available for emergencies The laboratory will be equipped with working fire extinguishers that are checked on a monthly basis All
149. eriencing Describe the event and reason for sample collection Identify the person s and Agencies that have been informed of the event Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute A 1 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Figure A 2 Example Field Testing Report Form Identification of Site Sample Identification Number s Location of Sample Collection Sample Owner and or Collector Date and Time of Collection Field Testing Indicate Types of Field Test Performed at the Site Specific Chemical Radioactive Biological Explosives Field Measurement Describe Container and or Package Type Explain testing equipment used and the date and time testing was performed Also include the results of the tests and who performed the tests Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute A 2 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Figure A 3 Example Photograph Log Site Name and Location Camera Video If Nondigital Film Type Digital Film Roll Number Nondigital Photo Date and Time Location Description Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute A 3 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 A 4 Example Chain of Custody Form Sample Owner and Contact Remarks Site Name and Location Sample Type Samplers sign
150. ers may be used FedEx and United Parcel Service are typical authorized carriers The U S Postal Service will NOT ship environmental samples The sample cooler is handed over to an authorized overnight carrier standard air bill is necessary for environmental samples The air bill is affixed to the top of the cooler and should contain both the shipped from and ship to address The shipper s copy of the air bill is retained with project document files as evidence The laboratory or receiving facility will document the carrier information upon receipt Hazardous Chemical Shipment 49 CFR 171 180 If the sample has a known hazardous component it must be packaged and shipped utilizing the requirements at 49 CFR 173 24 and 173 24a The type of container correct labeling proper naming of the hazardous material proper labeling and transportation type are required 7 2 1 Packaging For containers you should e Use a container made of or lined with a material that is compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored This will prevent the waste from reacting with or corroding the container e Samples should be packed with enough absorbent material to absorb twice the amount of liquid contained in the package e Keep all containers holding hazardous waste closed during storage except when adding or removing waste Do not open handle or store stack containers in a way that might rupture them cause them to leak or otherwise fail Maint
151. es are used with systems containing toxins they will be protected with a HEPA Filter to prevent entry of toxins in the lines e Administrative and Work Practice Controls 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 Two person rule ECBC policy states operators will use the 2 person rule for any work involving greater than 50 human lethal dose of toxin Each must be familiar with the applicable procedures maintain visual contact with the other and be ready to assist in the event of an accident 2 When toxins are in use the room should be posted to indicate Toxins in Use Authorized Personnel Only along with a universal biohazard sign Doors should be closed while any toxin operations are in progress Any special entry requirements should be posted on the entrance s to the room Only personnel whose presence is required should be permitted in the room while toxins are in use Personnel who are not permitted under 42 CFR 73 are not allowed unescorted access to any room using CDC Select Toxins 3 When handling dry forms of toxins that are electrostatic do not wear gloves such as latex that help to generate static electricity Use a glove bag with in a hood or BSC 4 When handling toxins that are percutaneous hazards gloves will be selected that are known to be impervious to the toxin and the diluent Disposable laboratory clothing will be worn left in the laboratory upon exit and disposed
152. experience to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan Chemical Hygiene Plan A written program developed and implemented by ECBC which sets forth policy and procedures capable of protecting employees from the health hazards associated with their work place Chemical Agent A chemical compound intended for use to include experimental compounds in military operations to kill seriously injure or incapacitate persons through its physiological effects Excluded are RDTE solutions riot control agents chemical defoliants and herbicides smoke flame and incendiaries and industrial chemicals Combustible liquid Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit F but below 200 degrees F except any mixture having components with flash points of 200 degrees F or higher the total volume of which makes up 99 percent or more of the mixture Compressed gas A gas or mixture of gases having an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 degrees F or a gas or mixture of gases having in a container an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 degrees F regardless of the pressure at 70 degrees F Designated area An area which may be used for work involving carcinogens reproductive toxins or acutely toxic chemicals A designated area may be the entire laboratory a controlled area within the laboratory or engineering controls such as a chemical hood or glove box Emergency Any
153. fit the specific event The procedures assume all samples will be grab samples media collected at one time from one location and that no sample homogenization will be performed in the field The sampling protocols focus only on sample collection and do not include field screening methods It is important to note however that certain aspects of sample collection e g number and type of samples collected may be dependent on the results of field screening and site assessment The sampling protocol guidelines are for collecting samples that are assumed to contain high concentrations of unknown hazardous materials for this reason smaller quantities of sample may be acceptable when compared with standard environmental sampling requirements In some cases evidence from the site emergency response reports or results from field screening may provide some indication of the type of contamination or if target contaminants are chemical or biological If the contamination is completely unknown then it is necessary to provide the analytical laboratory with a complete set of containers appropriate for both chemical and biological analysis provided a sufficient amount of sample is available Note All equipment and containers used for collection of samples to be analyzed for biological contaminants must be certified or known to be sterile Equipment and containers used for collection of samples to be analyzed for chemical contaminants must be certified or kn
154. flon lined top e Containers for suspected biological contaminants sterile plastic container e g 50 mL centrifuge tubes Plastic outer container large enough to hold glass containers used to collect samples for chemical compounds typically 8 or 16 ounce wide mouth container is sufficient e Non cotton foam polyester or rayon swabs for small or porous surfaces Sterile 3 x 3 synthetic wipes non cotton for biologicals e g gauze pads Handi Wipe sterile sponges used to collect samples from large 100 cm accessible non porous surfaces e Clean spoon spatula trowel or scoop e Quart sized self sealing plastic bags e Sealing tape or Parafilm e Transport container large plastic container e g cooler capable of holding primary sample container s and packing materials including ice e Absorbent material for packing e g antiseptic bandage pads or non cotton cloth e Individually wrapped disposable bleach wipes e Potable water for immediate removal of contaminated materials from skin eyes or other surfaces e Sterile water saline or phosphate buffered saline PBS 6 1 2 Sample collection using spoon or scoop e Put on clean sterile powder free latex nitrile or vinyl examination gloves and other required PPE prior to sampling e Ifthe sampling team is unsure as to whether the substance is a chemical or biological hazard samples should be collected into at least two containers one steri
155. for any job related medical surveillance required by KUSAHC 5 Manage laboratory waste IAW applicable environmental regulations 6 Ensure that medical support for chemical agent operations is available prior to beginning the operation 7 Be familiar with the contents and location of MSDSs for chemicals and toxins used in the laboratory 6 Policy a The CHP establishes the minimum Army and federal requirements for the safe use of hazardous chemicals and toxins in the laboratory Chemical and toxin exposure shall be minimized through the use of engineering and administrative controls work practices and protective clothing and equipment b Laboratory personnel shall not be exposed to airborne concentrations which exceed the more stringent of the permissible exposure limit PEL airborne exposure limit worker population limit AEL WPL or threshold limit value TLV for a specific compound or mixture Information on exposure limits is available from the Risk Reduction Office c Acutely toxic compounds carcinogens toxins and reproductive toxins shall be handled using the special procedures found in paragraph 22 of this policy 7 Program Administration a Standing operating procedures shall be prepared for hazardous laboratory operations IAW the latest edition of ERDEC SP 058 Preparation of Standing Operating Procedures Guidebook The SOP shall be forwarded to the ECBC Risk Reduction Office for staffing The ECBC 22
156. formance criteria for local exhaust ventilation should be IAW the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH Industrial Ventilation Manual latest edition 6 Air Balance a Laboratories shall be maintained under negative pressure with respect to corridors and administrative areas This requirement shall be monitored semiannually during hood performance evaluations Exhaust air from laboratories shall not be recirculated If the laboratory room comes under positive air pressure personnel will contact the Risk Reduction Office for an evaluation b Adequate conditioned makeup air shall be provided to ensure safe operation of the ventilation system e Preventive Maintenance Laboratory ventilation systems should be provided routine maintenance semiannually Maintenance should be done IAW CRDECR 700 1 f Filtration and Vacuum Systems 1 Effluent from test equipment or apparatus should be filtered or scrubbed before discharge into primary containment if there is a potential for an air contaminant to be released 2 House vacuum should be provided with in line filters or traps to prevent mechanical contamination Vacuum pumps should be vented into a hood or ventilation system if used with hazardous chemicals g Prohibited Devices Ductless fume and auxiliary air hoods are not permitted 11 Administrative and Work Practice Controls a General 1 High risk laboratory operations shall not be left unatten
157. g process Transport containers should be moved into the chemical biological fume hood inside the AHRF for removal and screening of primary sample containers 3 1 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screen for Explosive Device 3 1 1 Explosive Device Screening Procedures 3 1 1 1 Inspect the container to determine if any suspicious indicators are present such as the following e Protruding wires e Rigidness or bulkiness e Excessive tape or string 3 1 1 2 Ifa sample is suspected to contain an explosive device isolate the sample and notify a bomb squad immediately 3 1 1 2 1 Isolating the sample involves placing the sample container in a blast box if one is available and moving it as far away from people and buildings as possible while still keeping it in a secure area WARNING Samples that are suspected to contain an explosive device should be cleared by a bomb squad prior to continuing Facility screening 3 1 1 3 If the AHRF has the available equipment perform an X ray screen of the transport container optional Any X ray screening of containers suspected to contain an explosive device should be performed with permission and supervision of a bomb specialist 3 1 1 4 Ifan explosive device is determined to be present follow the procedures below 3 1 1 4 1 Perform a quick gamma dose rate screen to determine if any significant radioactivity is present see Section 3 2 2 Perform this screening with the permission and supervision
158. h sample at every stage of the screening process to document it visually Supplemental documentation e g what was sampled who performed any sample screening the procedures used and the results should accompany the material Samples also must be stored in a locked limited access container or area when not in the custody of the person or persons responsible to preserve the COC If the unknown material is likely dangerous inform the local FBI Weapons of Mass Destruction WMD Coordinator immediately and other appropriate local authorities If the sample is considered unlikely to be dangerous a courtesy call informing the local FBI WMD coordinator of the sample is still recommended AHRFs are intended for in process screening of unknown samples for chemical explosive and radiological hazards and to mitigate those hazards to protect laboratory workers and facilities 25 September 2006 Page 4 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance from contamination and injury The current screening does not include biological screening but will direct a suspected biological sample to an appropriate receiving laboratory The facilities will be used on an as needed basis when field screening is not feasible or is insufficient to provide adequate information to protect the laboratory infrastructure The AHRFs will not provide detailed or quantitative analytical results but instead will provide initial screening of samples to determin
159. has not occurred in 3 5 days the victim usually recovers Smallpox Variola major Virus Sudden onset of fever malaise headache severe backache and prostration after 2 4 days fever falls and rash appears scabs form and fall off at the end of the fourth week Tularemia Francisella Bacteria Symptoms include fever chills headache and tularensis muscular pain 30 60 mortality rate if left untreated treated the mortality rate is reduced to 196 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 7 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 3 0 Sample Collection Equipment It is highly recommended that sampling kits be used during sample collection and that these kits be properly equipped maintained and organized before responding to an event This will allow the sampling team to enter and exit the suspected contaminant area in the shortest and most effective amount of time Sample kits should contain all sample containers materials supplies and forms needed to perform sample collection decontamination documentation and field packaging activities Packaging for sample shipment to the laboratory should be conducted in a specified controlled location near the clean zone so that sample documentation can be checked for accuracy and each sample container can be properly protected from breakage Sampling equipment should be organized into a portable kit prior to initiating any sample collect
160. he laboratory supervisor will request an assessment by the governing authority a Biosafety Level 1 practices safety equipment and facilities are appropriate for facilities in which work is done with defined and characterized strains of viable microorganisms not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans Bacillus subtilis Naegleria gruberi and canine hepatitis virus are representative of those microorganisms meeting these criteria 1 Many agents not ordinarily associated with disease processes in humans are however opportunistic pathogens and may cause infection in the young the aged and immunodeficient or immunosuppressed individuals Vaccine strains which have undergone multiple in vivo passages should not be considered avirulent simply because they are vaccine strains 2 Biosafety Level 1 represents a basic level of containment that relies on standard microbiological practices with no special primary or secondary barriers recommended other than a sink for hand washing b Biosafety Level 2 practices equipment and facilities are applicable to clinical diagnostic teaching and other facilities in which work is done with the broad spectrum of indigenous moderate risk agents present in the community and associated with human disease of varying severity With good microbiological techniques these agents can be used safely in activities conducted on the open bench provided the potential for producing splashes or aeros
161. he contaminated outer gloves are removed Gloves will be disposed of as biohazardous waste whenever they become contaminated after performing work likely to result in glove contamination upon completion of lab protocols involving etiologic agents and whenever leaving the BSL 2 lab At no times will gloves be worn outside the laboratory Personnel will wash hands with an appropriate decon solution soap after work with etiologic gents and or toxins Gloves must be selected based on the hazards involved and the activity to be conducted Gloves must be worn when working with biohazards toxins and other physically hazardous agents Temperature resistant gloves must be worn when handling hot material or dry ice Delicate work requiring a high degree of precision dictates the use of thin walled gloves Additional protection from contact with toxic or corrosive chemicals may also be required Protective Clothing and Equipment in the BSL 3 Laboratory Laboratory coat or disposable Tyvek laboratory coat A clean laboratory coat will be worn by all personnel and removed before exiting the facility Laboratory personnel must remove all personal belongings including their personal clothing prior to entering the laboratory Scrubs or other disposable clothing may be worn All lab clothing will undergo decontamination prior to laundering Disposable lab coats will be disposed of as hazardous waste 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facili
162. he director date initials of operator performing decontamination and disposition of equipment All bins pails cans and similar receptacles intended for re use which have a potential for becoming contaminated with potentially infectious material shall be inspected cleaned and disinfected with 70 ethanol or equivalent on a regularly scheduled basis All containers will be cleaned and disinfected immediately or as soon as possible upon visible contamination Reusable items contaminated with potentially infectious materials shall be decontaminated with 70 ethanol or equivalent prior to washing and or reprocessing Plastic labware is preferred over glassware whenever possible Broken glassware will not be picked up directly with the hands It will be cleaned up using mechanical means such as a brush and dustpan tongs or forceps All of the aforementioned should be treated as a sharp Specimens of potentially infectious materials shall be double contained when stored or when transported out of the primary engineering controls biosafety cabinet The outer secondary 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance container will be leak proof and break proof and filled with sufficient absorbent material to contain the contents of the primary container After decanting a liquid culture containing viable microorganisms the vial containing the culture must be wiped with 70 ethanol or equivalent to
163. he disposal of sharps found in linen 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Appendix G American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist ACGIH Compilation of Carcinogenic Status Carcinogen Designations from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH Inc 1998 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices Note the TLV BEI Booklet is updated annually DESIGNATIONS Al A2 A3 A4 AS Confirmed Human Carcinogen Agent is carcinogenic to humans based on epidemiologic studies of or convincing clinical evidence in exposed humans Suspected Human Carcinogen Agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at dose levels by route s of administration at site s of histologic type s or by mechanism s considered relevant to worker exposure Available epidemiologic studies are conflicting or insufficient to confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans Animal Carcinogen Agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at relatively high doses by route s of administration at site s of histologic type s or by mechanism s not considered relevant to worker exposure Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans Available evidence suggests that the agent is not likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routs or
164. he material to change color They are usually not capable of determining the quantity or concentration of the substance present Some colorimetric indicators are prone to false positives and non detects Some colorimetric indicators are embedded into a strip of paper and are often referred to as indicator papers 25 September 2006 Page 55 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Combustible Gas Indicator Detects and measures concentrations of combustible gases or vapors in the air These instruments typically can be used in the immediate environment or with sampling lines and probes draw samples from remote areas Containment Bag An airtight sealable bag that envelope a primary sample container Direct Read A direct read instrument is an instrument that provides a measurement either as a meter needle deflection or numerical readout that is instantly usable The measurement does not require any calculations or conversions but may require the use of a scale factor multiplying the reading as determined by a selector switch position By example the micro R meter reads directly in uR hr The meter face is from 0 to 5 and the switch settings are x1 x10 x100 and x1000 thus providing readings from 0 5 uR hr to 0 5000 uR hr Flame Spectrophotometer FSP A flame spectrophotometer uses a burner often a hydrogen source to heat a sample allowing the elements to produce their characteristic spectral emissions fo
165. hium ferrosilicon lithium hydride sodium monoxide sodium oxide sodium peroxide sodium potassium alloy stannic chloride sulfonyl chloride sulfonyl fluoride sulfur chloride sulfuric acid sulfuric anhydride sulfur monochloride sulfur oxychloride sulfur pentafluoride sulfur trioxide sulfuryl chloride sulfuryl fluoride tetraphosphorus trisulfide thionyl chloride thiocarbonyl chloride thiophosgene thiophosphoryl chloride tin tetrachloride titanic chloride titanium tetrachloride toulene diisocyanate tri n butylaluminum trichloroborane trichlorosilane triethyl aluminum triethyl antimony triethyl arsine triethyl stibine triisobutyl aluminum trimethyl aluminum trimethyl arsine trimethylstibine tri n butylborane tripropyl stibine trisilyl arsine trivinyl stibine vanadium trichloride vinyl trichlorosilanesilver acetylide slaked lime 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol sodamide sodium sodium sodium aluminum hydride sodium amide sodium hydroxide sodium methylate sodium methoxide zinc acetylide zinc dioxide zinc ethyl zinc peroxide 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol APPENDIX E SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS acetylides heavy metal aluminum ophorite amatol ammonal ammonium nitrate ammonium perchlorate ammonium picrate ammonium salt lattice butyl tetryl calcium nitrate copper acetylide cyanuric triazide cyclotr
166. hould be sealed with parafilm or tape Opened 55 gallon drums should have the lids bungs valves etc closed immediately after any dispensing h Compressed Gases 1 General Requirements 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance b Gas cylinders shall be secured by the use of clamps chains or straps while in storage or use c When gas cylinders are not in use hand valves shall be tightly closed and the valve projector cap shall be in place d Compressed gas from cylinders shall be reduced through the use of a regulator specifically designed for that purpose Compressed liquefied gases which use other industrial standard fittings may be used after notifying the CHO e Reduction valves gauges and fittings used for oxygen shall not be used for other gases Likewise valves gauges and fittings used for other gases shall not be used for oxygen 2 Storage Requirements a Gas cylinders stored outdoors shall be located in a sheltered area protected from the elements Gas cylinders shall not be stored near sources of ignition heat or open flames b Gas cylinders shall not be stored in the laboratory room Requirements for cylinder use shall be kept to a minimum Manifold systems should be used when feasible c Gas cylinder storage areas shall be posted with the names of the gases in storage Areas where hydrogen or other flammable gases are stored shall be posted DANGER
167. ibute 15 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 5 0 General Guidance 5 1 Sampling Plan Once an event has occurred a site evaluation should be performed to ensure the safety of sampling personnel determine the number type and location of samples to be collected and identify as much as possible the type and extent of contamination The procedures presented in this document assume that a sampling plan has been developed based on a site evaluation In some cases the extent and type of contamination are readily apparent and can be determined by visual inspection e g the contamination results in environmental effects or in chemical or biological hazardous characteristics Some types of contamination also can be determined if any field measurements have been taken This information can be collected from the site evaluation first responder reports or from observations at the site and can be used to determine which containers and equipment should be used for sample collection e g if combustible gas indicators or photoionization detectors used in the field indicate the presence of volatile organic compounds samples should be collected in glass containers with no headspace If insufficient information is available to determine the type of contamination and sufficient sample is available samples should be collected into each type of container listed in Tables 3 1 through 3 3 or included in the
168. ight left front and back Make sure that an area of each side remains unwiped to provide enough surface area for any additional wipe tests When wiping the right left front and back include the area near the container lid and the seam of the container and lid in the representative areas 4 4 3 Place a few one to two drops of liquid from the first reagent bottle on the collection paper 4 4 4 Observe and record the color change 4 4 5 Continue to add other reagents or take additional wipe samples as directed by the user manual 4 4 6 Mark all results on the Facility Primary Sample Container Screening Results Form see an example form in Attachment 4b 4 4 7 If any of the colorimetric explosives screens are positive check the area where the sample containers were wiped for crystallization If crystallization is present professional help from a bomb squad should be sought before opening the container 4 5 Primary Sample Container Screen for Chemical Warfare Agents 4 5 1 MS Paper Screen Procedures 4 5 1 1 Inspect the container to determine if there are any visual signs of leakage 4 5 1 2 Ifno signs of leakage are indicated follow the procedures outlined below 4 5 1 2 1 Wipe around the seal and on the outside of the container using M8 paper WARNING If the sample container is considered to be a piece of evidence wipe only the seam between the container and its lid Wipe the portion of the seam that was not wiped during
169. ility Protocol Guidance 2 3 3 Enter sample tracking identification on the COC and field report forms 2 3 4 If possible make a copy of the completed COC form custody seals and any other documentation and maintain them in the AHRF records 2 3 5 Seal the completed original COC form along with any other accompanying documentation in a resealable plastic bag and include it with the sample report and tracking forms See Section 2 5 and Attachment 4 that accompany each sample through the facility screening processes 2 4 Prepare the AHRF Sample Screening Forms Packet 2 4 1 Compile the forms packet that will accompany the sample through the AHRE screening process 2 4 1 1 Forms that accompany each sample should include e The original sample COC form e The original field report e Facility Sample Receipt Form Attachment 3 e Facility Screening Results Forms Transport Container Screening Results Attachment 4a Primary Sample Container Screening Results Attachment 4b Sample Screening Results Attachment 4c 2 4 2 Enter sample tracking identification number on the Screening Results Forms Attachment 4 2 4 2 1 The results of all AHRF screening procedures should be recorded on the AHRF Screening Results Forms See Attachment 4 as well as the signatures of the screening technicians and the date and time of each screening test 2 5 Threat Assessment Review the Results and Determine the Facility Screening Plan Results and obser
170. ill not be performed with etiologic agents while visitors are in the BSL 2 laboratory unless prior approval is provided by the Director of the BSL 2 facility and the Safety Advisor Work area entrances will be posted with the following a Hazard warning sign with universal biohazard symbol and biosafety level b Sign with work area supervisor and telephone number c BSL 2 entry requirements including necessary protective clothing and equipment Access to BSL 2 laboratories is limited by the commander or institute director Only persons advised of potential hazards and meeting entry requirements may enter the laboratory BSL 3 Entry Exit and general laboratory Requirements All requirements for the BSL2 laboratory are followed in addition to the following l 2 The BSL 3 must have a physical separation from access corridors The BSL 3 must be equipped with self closing double door access 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance The air in the laboratory must be exhausted air not re circulated Access to these laboratories is limited to mission critical personnel 5 Doors leading to these areas are secured with locks or equivalent means to prevent unauthorized entry 6 Laboratory personnel must shower in the designated shower area after removing laboratory personal protective clothing and before exiting the facility AH Housekeeping The work site shall be maintained in a clean
171. ily liquid Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute Physiological Effects Corrosive to eyes skin and respiratory tract Burning sensation followed by coughing headache labored breathing and nausea Pulmonary edema If high concentration violent convulsions after 20 30 seconds breathing stops in one minute cardiac failure occurs within a few minutes Stinging pain followed by blistering It is also a systemic poison causing pulmonary edema diarrhea hypotension and restlessness Blisters or irritation to skin eyes and lungs Coughing and choking followed by chest tightness nausea tearing vomiting and headaches Death due to fluid accumulation in the lungs Difficulty breathing miosis blurred vision headache and nausea leading to respiratory distress convulsions and eventually death Difficulty breathing miosis blurred vision headache and nausea leading to respiratory distress convulsions and eventually death Difficulty breathing miosis blurred vision headache and nausea leading to respiratory distress convulsions and eventually death Time to Effect Immediate irritation in high concentrations Symptoms of lung edema may take several hours to appear Very rapid incapacitation within minutes and death within 15 minutes Initial pain in 10 20 seconds blistering within 12 hours Delayed onset 4 6 hours Immediate irritation in high concentrations and delayed
172. imethylene trinitramine cyclotetramethylene trinitramine dinitroethyleneurea dinitoglycerine dinitrophenol dinitrophenolates dinitrophenyl hydrazine dinitrotoluene dipicryl sulfone dipicrylamine erythritol tetranitrate fulminate of mercury fulminate of silver fulminating gold fulminating mercury fulminating silver gelatinized nitrocellulose germane guanyl nitrosamino guanyl tetrazene guanyl nitrosamino guanylidene hydrazine heavy metal azides hexanite hexanitrodiphenylamine hexanitrostilbene hexogen hyrazinium nitrate 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol hyrazoic acid magnesium ophorite mannitol hexanitrate mercury oxalate mercury tartrate mononitrotoluene nitrated carbohydrate nitrated glucoside nitrated polyhedric alcohol nitrogen trichloride nitrogen triiodide nitroglycerin nitroglycide nitroglycol nitroguanidine nitroparaffins nitronium perchlorate nitrourea organic amine nitrates organic nitramines organic peroxides picramic acid picramide picratol picric acid picryl chloride picryl fluoride polynitro aliphatic compounds potassium nitroaminotetrazole silver acetylide silver azide silver styphnate silver tetrazene sodatol sodium amatol sodium dinitro ortho cresolate sodium picramate syphnic acid tetrazene tetranitrocarbazole tetrytol trimonite lead azide lead mannite lead mononitroresorcinate lead picrate lead salts 22
173. in eyes or clothing material Ethanol and IPA are highly flammable liquids and should be used with extreme caution and kept away from heat and open flames Familiarization with the content contained in the MSDS and good laboratory practices will minimize the risk associated with this procedure Revision No 1 Page 3 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No IOP 0905 Approval Date ORIGINAL SIGNED Original Document Author Lisa S Collins Ph D BY 6 26 01 MARY F DRUMMOND MW apt MELISSA A MULLAN Revision History Description of Revision Removed the use of the DNA Erase Away throughout the entire procedure Added IPA to ETOH or equivalent throughout the entire document Took PCR workstation out of the purpose section and added chemical fume hoods and gloveboxes Removed the use of respirators when cleaning the work surfaces Rewrote the procedures removing the DNA Away and included procedures for after working as well as prior to beginning work including deconning waste and QA swabs Added the necessary materials to cover these updated edures Author Nicole G McKew Biologist and Jessica A Cox Chemist z2 o o Revision No 1 Page 4 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 2 Appendix B Example IOP for the Titration of Bleach and HTH 22 September 2006 EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL INTERNAL OPERATING PROCEDURE FORENSIC AN
174. in a sample 1 pair of non standard butyl gloves should be used as outer gloves worn over a double pair of nitrile gloves e Boots shoes chemical resistant steel toe and shank and disposable outer boot shoe covers e Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles e g ANSI Z87 1 1989 SEI certified eye protection goggles or visor e Escape mask close at hand It is also assumed that facility staff will be familiar with the U S Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Transportation Act HMTA and Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety Act HMTSA requirements at 49 CFR parts 171 through 177 for packaging and transporting hazardous materials The screening process and results will be documented and recorded on COC forms sample receipt forms and screening results forms Examples of these forms are provided in Attachments 2 3 and 4 respectively The types of compounds targeted by the AHRF equipment included in this protocol are listed in Table 1 below A list of the specific compounds that can be targeted by available screening equipment is provided in Table 2 This draft interim protocol currently does not include biological screening The DHS and DOD are assessing potential low tech and low cost biological screening methods that may be added at a later date 25 September 2006 Page 5 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Table 1 Classes of Compounds Targeted by the AHRF Screening Equipme
175. in the following information and is it correct and up to date Yes No Comments Date time and location of sample collection Number of samples collected and transported Identification of sample collector Contact information for an incident commander The names of any person or persons handling the sample The time and location of any transfer of sample possession 25 September 2006 Page 65 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol 2 Interview Technician Delivering Sample a Technician Name please print b Government Agency Affiliation NOTE If unknown contact approving official c Date of Delivery Time AM P M mm dd yyyy d Technician Signature e Check the technician s govemment issued picture ID against signature LJ f Did the technician sign the Chain of Custody COC form CI Technician first received possession of the sample on Date mm dd yyyy Location where technician first obtained possession of sample g Sample condition and or containment when technician first had possession of the sample h Report Results To provide 24 7 contact information Name Name i Comments or observations regarding environmental conditions or sample transport j Does the above information match the information in the COC form 25 September 2006 at Comments Phone number Phone number Comments Page 66 of 81 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Faci
176. iner Scan the container as close to its surface as possible e g 1 4 inch from the surface of the container without allowing the instrumentation to come in contact with the surface Observe the meter reading and listen to the meter Positive responses are in different click tones for either alpha or beta If a positive reading occurs select either alpha or beta on the toggle switch to obtain a true reading NOTE It may be necessary to change scales to maintain on scale readings These counts are converted to counts per minute and then to an activity unit either disintegrations per minute dpm or Bequerels Bq The activity is then calculated for the area of the screen See Appendix F References Record the alpha and beta counts on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Results 4 3 3 1 4 3 3 2 Typical background for alpha radiation is 5 to 20 micro R Typical background for beta radiation is 5 to 20 micro R Page 32 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 25 September 2006 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 3 6 4 3 3 7 4 3 3 8 4 3 3 9 4 3 3 10 4 3 3 11 The recommended alpha and beta thresholds are Alpha threshold 22 dpm 100 cm Beta threshold 2200 dpm 100 cm These thresholds are taken from the USEPA s Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water Criteria and Pr
177. ing sample containers should be pre labeled as much as is practical prior to sample collection Sample labels should be completed using waterproof ink and securely affixed to each sample container If a waterproof pen is not used it is recommended that the label be covered with clear packaging tape to protect the information provided An example sample label is provided in Figure 4 1 Figure 4 1 Example Sample Container Label Project Event Sample Number Container Number Date Location Container Size Container Type Matrix Sample Type e g grab composite Preservation if applicable Sample Collector s Signature 4 3 Field Report Forms Field reporting forms are used to alert the receiving All Hazards Receipt AHR Facility or laboratory of any known or suspected hazards These forms should prominently show the Sample ID s that are relevant to the field report the location of sample collection sample collector name s and date time of collection are also helpful for verification These reports also should contain a description of the sample and any information the samplers witnessed or know about the sample including e Date and time of sample collection e Weather conditions e Level of PPE used e Name and signatures of sample collectors and others present during collection e Symptoms of those exposed to the sample Number of people exposed e Approximate quantity of materi
178. ing team e Note the full extent of the contamination area and if the contamination is general or concentrated in areas If possible note the migration or potential routes of the contamination e Assemble more sampling kits than are expected to be needed Sampling kits are composed of a sealable bag with the required container s documentation forms storage and transport containers decontamination materials and sample collection equipment e Complete the sample container labels as much as possible prior to sample collection A label should be attached to every container and outermost containment bag container to assist in easy collection This pre sampling organization is significantly easier and less time consuming to do while in the comfort of an office staging location or vehicle than while sampling in personal protective equipment in the field e Ata minimum wear safety glasses and two pairs layers of nitrile gloves over regular safety equipment Only the outer gloves need to be changed between each sample as long as the inner gloves remain clear of all contamination Proper safety practices should always be observed Potable water should be carried to remove contaminated materials from skin or eyes e Leave the sampling kits at the perimeter of the Hot Zone on the clean side of the Hot Line preferably in the decontamination area Sample containers should be treated as requiring custody to eliminate the potential for inadvertent or c
179. ing to U S Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Transportation Act HMTA and Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety Act HMTSA requirements at 49 CFR parts 171 through 177 Place AHRF Sample Receipt and Screening Report Forms sample COC and the sample field report into a transparent protective wrap Adhere the package to the sample transport container Stored the packaged samples in the biological safety cabinet or sample exit interlock until they are shipped from the AHRF Prior to relinquishing custody of the sample to the transporting courier ensure courier credentials are carefully established confirmed and documented Page 54 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 8 0 Glossary of Terms Alpha Radiation Emission or Particles Alpha radiation is made up of positively charged particles composed of two neutrons and two protons It is easily blocked by clothing skin or even significant quantities of air Alpha emitters are generally only hazardous to humans when inhaled or ingested Beta Radiation Emission or Particles Beta radiation is made up of negatively charged particles equivalent to an electron These particles can be blocked by a sturdy solid material like wood or metal Beta particles are generally hazardous when inhaled ingested or when in direct contact with the skin or eyes Bleaching Station Chemical fume hood or equivalent environmental enclosure HEPA and car
180. inment to another when overtly contaminated and at the end of the work day 2 Glove policy for chemical agent operations will be AW DA PAM 385 61 3 Insulated gloves shall be used to prevent contact with hot or cold surfaces Asbestos containing gloves shall not be used c Clothing 1 Personnel shall remove and have laundered or dispose of garments if they have been contaminated Under no circumstances should lab coats or other laboratory protective clothing be laundered at home All clothing used with CAs and toxins must be deconned before laundering 2 Laboratory personnel shall wear closed toed shoes The use of sandals or open toe shoes is prohibited Steel toe or conductive shoes shall be worn when necessary 3 Chemical protective clothing including aprons boots or one piece suits shall be worn when there is a risk of liquid chemical contamination present Equipment shall be inspected for cuts tears and degradation before each use Decontamination and doffing procedures shall be developed for individual SOPs 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance d Respiratory Protection Selection and use of respirators shall be IAW 29 CFR Part 1910 134 1910 139 and ECBC Regulation 40 1 Military masks shall not be used to provide protection against industrial chemicals e Eyewash Safety Showers Design and installation of new equipment shall comply with ANSI Standard Z358 1 latest ed
181. involving aerosol generation Laboratory A facility building or individual room where the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals or hazardous waste is used stored or disposed of Laboratory hood A type of engineering control enclosed on five sides with a movable sash or fixed partial enclosure on the remaining side designed to draw air from the laboratory into the enclosure to prevent or minimize the escape of contaminants into the laboratory space Laboratory scale Work with substances in which the equipment used for reactions transfers and other handling are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person Laboratory use The handling or use of chemicals in which i chemical manipulations are done on a laboratory scale ii multiple procedures or chemicals are used iii procedures are not part of a production process and iv protective laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use to minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals Low Risk Operations Experimental procedures where the potential for release of gas vapor or aerosol contamination is remote 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Medical consultation A consultation which takes place between an employee and a licensed physician for the purposes of determining what medical examination or procedures are appropriate in cases where a significant exposure to a hazardou
182. ion activity Each kit should be maintained to ensure that chemical preservatives have not expired that equipment has not dried out e g pre wetted swabs or wipes and that certified clean or sterile containers have not been breached Each equipment kit should contain extra blank labels pens markers and sampling forms to ensure proper recording of sampling information Safety gloves paper towels and plastic bags should also be in abundance Often the sampling team can determine whether the threat is chemical or biological and the class of contaminant from the initial incident report The ability to reduce the number of sampling containers to reflect the expected contamination will assist not only in reducing the amount of sample that should be collected but also in reducing time and potential exposure If the contaminants are unknown and limited sample quantity is available samplers should collect one sample into each container type and repeat until there is no more sample available or all of the containers have been filled Table 3 1 lists the specific equipment and containers needed for the collection of solid wipe non aqueous liquid and aqueous samples Laboratories should be able to supply the containers necessary for sample collection and can often include the preservatives within the sample containers If the sample containers contain preservatives the sampling team is responsible for ensuring that proper preservation requirements are
183. ion with the appropriate law enforcement agency Specially trained teams from the law enforcement community are best suited and may be jurisdictionally required for the collection of physical evidence from a contaminated crime scene e Samples collected during a criminal investigation will be monitored by the local State or Federal authorities and might be confiscated Documentation of all actions taken within a criminal investigation is required Copies of all documentation should be maintained by all agencies present Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 16 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 5 3 Special care should be taken to avoid moving or disturbing any potential physical evidence or spreading the contaminant Substantial physical evidence of a contamination event might include discarded PPE equipment such as pumps and hoses and containers with residual material Samples may be considered evidence and thus could be subject to security measures These measures may include keeping samples under the control of designated personnel at all times When these samples are not in the possession of designated personnel the samples should be secured e g locked in a secure area and accessible only by designated personnel In the field samples may need to be locked in a vehicle It may be necessary to collect duplicate samples for law enforcement and to take photographs of the s
184. is important that these materials be screened in the field to determine if indeed they pose an imminent threat and therefore require special handling and transportation For this reason field screening procedures should include protocols for detecting potentially explosive devices and materials radiological flammable and corrosive materials and chemical or biological agents It is not unusual however for suspicious materials to be collected and transported directly to a laboratory without having been properly screened for hazardous materials Moreover it is often the case that laboratories are presented samples by individuals or groups where the laboratory has no reliable information on the capability of that group to perform adequate field screening It is these situations that have led to requests for an AHRF where such unknown materials can be received and screened for categories of risk agents All samples must be deemed a legitimate potential threat by local state or Federal law enforcement before the samples are accepted at the AHRF Samples brought to a facility by citizen walk ins must first be evaluated by a responsible government entity e g state or federal emergency response team prior to being accepted at the AHRF Samples of hazardous materials might become evidence in criminal investigations The evidentiary nature of the unknown sample and the chain of custody COC must be preserved at all times If possible photograp
185. ition 1 For new construction an eyewash and safety shower shall be installed IAW ANSI 2358 1 The ECBC Risk Reduction Office shall determine the adequacy of eyewash safety shower equipment in existing laboratories 2 Equipment shall be inspected by the user periodically to determine whether or not it is functional Eyewashes shall be inspected at least monthly Safety showers shall be inspected at least semiannually The AMSSB Form 1024 Safety Inspection Equipment TAG should be attached to the equipment 3 Equipment shall be accessible at all times Personnel shall not store equipment apparatus or containers in front of an eyewash or safety shower 13 Air Monitoring a Air monitoring shall be conducted when there is a reasonable probability that employee exposure exceeds the action level for a chemical or the AEL in absence of an action level Contact the CHO for coordination with KUSAHC Industrial Hygiene Section to coordinate air monitoring b If the initial determination indicates employees are exposed above the action level or in its absence the AEL for an Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA regulated substance periodic monitoring shall be conducted IAW that particular OSHA standard c Periodic air monitoring may be terminated IAW the requirements for that particular OSHA standard d Employees shall be notified in writing within 15 calendar days of monitoring results Employees may be notified ind
186. ividually or the results may be posted in the work area e Contact the ECBC Environmental Monitoring Laboratory for chemical agent monitoring 14 Information and Training a Personnel shall be provided with information and training to ensure they are apprised of chemical and toxin hazards in the laboratory As a minimum the following health and safety information shall be available 1 Contents of the OSHA Laboratory Standard and its appendices are available at the Risk Reduction Office for review 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 Location of the CHP The CHP is available online at http cbnet org rda od ecbc chp pdf 3 The Risk Reduction Office should be contacted for questions dealing with the availability application of action levels AL s for OSHA regulated substances 4 Signs and symptoms associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals and toxins used in the laboratory The laboratory supervisors provide this training in conjunction with the HAZCOM Program 5 Location and availability of reference material including MSDS s b Personnel shall be trained prior to operating under an approved hazardous SOP Personnel handling hazardous chemicals and toxins shall be trained As a minimum training shall include the following 29 CFR Part 1910 1450 1 Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence of hazardous chemicals 2 Physical and he
187. l contaminated PPE and sampling equipment for disposal or decontamination 2 4 Hazard Exposure The following text describes some of the potential hazards that may be encountered by personnel when collecting samples in emergency response scenarios This information is excerpted from Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities prepared by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH OSHA U S Coast Guard U S EPA October 1985 1 U S Department of the Army Pamphlet 385 61 Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards 27 March 2002 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 3 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Information regarding the properties and effects of exposure to chemical and biological agents are presented in Tables 2 1 and 2 2 The information in these tables is taken from the Laboratory Safety Supply Inc Domestic Preparedness and Response a Guide for First Responders Spring 2005 Catalog If people were exposed to the unknown substance and no symptoms occurred within 30 minutes then lethal quantities of chemical agent are probably not present Tables 2 1 and 2 2 should be consulted if symptoms are present For many biological agents symptoms do not occur for days others within a few hours Potentially exposed persons should not be allowed to leave the site without a known documented address documentation of exposure exposu
188. l for generation of gas vapor or aerosol contamination is remote may be conducted on the open bench c Toxin Controls For specific engineering controls utilized in laboratory toxin operations follow the recommendations in chapter 8 of the DA PAM 385 69 d Design Performance Criteria 1 Chemical Hoods a Hoods shall have an average face velocity of 100 linear feet per minute Ifpm plus or minus 20 Ifpm with the sash in the fully open position Existing hoods designed and operating at 120 to 180 Ifpm may be used as long as adequate performance is documented b Hood performance shall be evaluated semiannually and after any repair maintenance or modification to the ventilation system Repairs maintenance or modifications to the ventilation system include but are not limited to belt changes filter changes adjustment to dampers adjustment to alarm levels changes to other hoods in a facility which thus may 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance affect the overall air balance changes to the availability of makeup air in the facility Ganged systems shall be evaluated together to determine the overall system performance Hoods shall be evaluated IAW the Risk Reduction Office Internal Operating Procedure entitled Certification of laboratory Hoods and Glove Boxes c Hoods used for chemical agents toxic compounds carcinogens or reproductive toxins shall be equipped with audible
189. le Proper handling and disposal of the syringe and blunt needle should be practiced Inadvertent injection is possible with any syringe All needles should be stored and disposed of in a sealed container that is properly labeled e Insert the tip of the syringe or tubing into the liquid and pull the syringe plunger to draw the sample into the syringe Continue to collect sample until either the syringe is full or as much of the sample as possible has been drawn into the syringe If the substance is reasonably pure a few grams of material should be sufficient However the more sample collected the more flexibility the laboratory will have in sample analysis e Slowly inject the contents of the syringe into a sample container Ensure the vortex caused in minimal to prevent volatilization e If there is sufficient sample quantity repeat the syringe draws using the same syringe until the container is filled e Carefully and firmly close the container using short range gentle motions to reduce the potential for contaminant volatilization and prevent spillage Seal the top of the container with Parafilm wax paper e Remove any debris from the outside of the container using 10 bleach solution or a bleach wipe and retain the wiping material in a plastic bag Wrap Parafilm wax paper around the seam of the container and lid sealing the sample from contamination or leakage e Place a custody seal over the container and Parafilm wax paper s
190. le container and one certified clean container If a sufficient amount of sample is available each container should be filled using a clean scoop or spoon If only a small amount of sample is present containers can be filled using a spatula e Ifthe sample is composed of corroded plaster or paint that appears to have been impacted by chemical contact a scalpel or stainless steel spoon should be used to scrape the material into the container Sometimes a saturated piece of clothing carpet or cardboard is encountered In these cases samplers may want to cut the material into small pieces that will fit into the sample container Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 22 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Carefully fill containers to within 4 inch from the top If the sample has a limited quantity containers should be filled as much as possible Note If the substance collected is known to be a reasonably pure hazardous biological or chemical substance a few grams of material should be sufficient However the more sample collected the more sample screening and laboratory analysis can be performed e Carefully and firmly close the container using short range gentle motions Gentle motions reduce the potential for contaminant volatilization and prevent a powdery substance from becoming airborne and spreading contamination e Remove any debris from the outside of the container using 10
191. lected using a syringe or glass tube If using a syringe follow the procedure described in Section 6 2 2 Separate syringes must be used for each layer of liquid and extension tubing must be cut to lengths sufficient to collect sample from each layer If using a glass tube collect sample from each layer as described above and insert the bottom of the tube into an uncapped sample container Partially release the stopper or thumb and allow the sample to slowly flow into the sample container To ensure that sample containers contain only the liquid from each layer cap off tube before a liquid layer has completely emptied into the sampling container Empty the liquid on either side of each layer boundary into a separate waste container Repeat this action until a sample from each liquid phase is collected If multiple phases are present make sure to note the approximate depth ranges of the phases Once each liquid phase is in a sample container firmly cap and close the sample container s and seal the top of the container s with Parafilm wax paper Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 27 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Close the outer container and wipe the entire outside of the container with disposable bleach wipes e Place a custody seal over the container and Parafilm wax paper such that the seal is perpendicular to the seam of the container and its lid e Use a per
192. levels of exposure Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen Inadequate data on which to classify the agent in terms of its carcinogenicity in humans and or animals Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen Not suspected to be a human carcinogen on the basis of properly conducted epidemiologic studies in humans Studies have sufficiently long follow up reliable exposure histories sufficiently high dose and adequate statistical power to conclude that exposure to the agent does not convey a significant risk of cancer to humans Evidence suggesting a lack of carcinogenicity in experimental animals will be considered if it is supported by other relevant data Substances for which no human or experimental animal carcinogenic data have been reported are assigned no carcinogen designation Exposures to carcinogens must be kept to a minimum Workers exposed to Al carcinogens without a TLV should be properly equipped to eliminate to the fullest extent possible all exposure to the carcinogen For Al carcinogens with a TLV and for A2 and A3 carcinogens worker exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as reasonably achievable below the TLV 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Acetaldehyde A3 Acetone Acetonitrile Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Aldrin Allyl chloride Allyl glycidyl ether Aluminum oxide 4 Aminodiphenyl Amitrole Ammonium perfluorooctanoate Aniline
193. lined in Section 1 1 If the workspace was used to process samples suspected to contain spores the bleach in the decontamination bucket must be pH stabilized to pH 6 7 1 6 When necessary for quality assurance collect an aggregate quality control sample of the following areas using a gauze pad and extended reach forceps 1 6 1 Front lip one wipe across the entire length of the front lip of the engineering control apparatus 1 6 2 Each corner wipe each corner of the engineering control device for a total of 8 spots 1 6 3 Back wipe across the entire length of the back panel of the engineering control device 1 6 4 Sink if present wipe the rim of the sink and the faucet 1 6 5 Rims of each pass through if present wipe the rims of each pass through port 1 6 6 Base wipe the base of the engineering control device working from the front corner diagonally to the back corner and again from the other two corners making an x across the base with the center of it covering the area where work occurred 1 6 7 Place this QC sample into a clean labeled glass screw cap vial and analyze according to local methods 1 7 Decontaminate gloves with the sodium hypochlorite spray prior to moving out of biological safety cabinets and glove boxes Discard gloves into an appropriate waste receptacle or decon container containing bleach or other suitable decon D SAFETY Bleach is a strong oxidizing agent and should not come into contact with sk
194. liquid sample these procedures should be performed using sterile equipment and containers If a small amount of liquid is available for sampling or the liquid is difficult to access a syringe can be used to remove the liquid into a sample container Glass tube samplers can be used to collect samples from deep pools or inside containers such as drums and are useful in determining the presence of multiple layers Grab samples also can be collected directly into suitable sample containers A description of the liquids collected should be recorded on the field report form 6 2 1 Equipment needed e Clean disposable nitrile gloves at least two pair per individual e Contaminant free syringes and blunt tip needles e Contaminant free Teflon tubing and tubing weights e Glass sampling tube typically 122 cm long with a 6 to 16 mm inside diameter Larger diameter tubes may be used for viscous fluids if sampling with the small diameter tube is not adequate e Containers for suspected chemical contaminants certified clean four ounce or larger glass containers with Teflon lined top 60 mL for syringe sampling e Plastic outer container large enough to hold glass containers used to collect samples for chemical compounds typically 8 or 16 ounce wide mouth container is sufficient e Quart sized self sealing plastic bags e Sealing tape or Parafilm e Transport container large plastic container e g cooler capable of holding primary s
195. lity Protocol Guidance 3 Review and Evaluate the Field Report or Emergency Sample Form a Does the field report or emergency sample form contain the following information Yes No Comments Date time and location of sample collection Sample identification number Environmental and or human health impacts Name s of field personnel collecting the sample Were field tests performed If yes does the form indicate Types of tests performed Equipment used Date and time of testing Results of tests Persons performing tests L1 LI mm ia L1 CI L1 L1 CI um EE Name s of personnel collecting the sample 25 September 2006 Page 67 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 Inspect Sample Container Label Yes No Comments a If the transport container has a label or custody seal does the date time and location of sample collection match the information on the COC form b If the transport container has a label or custody seal does the date time and location of sample collection match the information on the field report or emergency sample form c Does each sample transport container label contain the following information Yes No Comments Sample description location and type Time date taken or found Field technician initials Sample identification code or number d Examine the transport container for additional placards labels or marks indicating that the co
196. ll samples equipment and materials from the site Remove all PPE at site perimeter and place disposable PPE and other trash into a heavy duty plastic trash bag gt Verify that all samples are in a transport container and properly seal the container gt Ensure that all documentation has been completed gt Comply with any other site control measures required by participating agencies Sample Representativeness In most cases sample collection will target the source of contamination The source may be obvious e g a scattered powder visible splatters a puddle or container of liquid that has caused physical symptoms to those around it or not obvious e g non visible biological contamination The following general guidance is provided for collection of samples that result in valid and representative data that can be used in decision making Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 17 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 If more than one color of powder is present collect at least two samples one with each color of powder If the powders are mixed together try to collect one sample that contains mostly one color of the powder and another that mostly contains the other color e When very limited quantities of liquid sample are present check nearby areas to see if the liquid has absorbed into any porous or absorbent materials Cloth paper or cardboard that has been soaked
197. lood or OPIM Removal of gloves after each patient Removal of other PPE If hand washing facilities are unavailable as is the case with ambulance based paramedics emergency medical technicians firefighters and mobile blood collection personnel employees 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance may wipe their hands with a clean cloth or paper towel in conjunction with an antiseptic waterless hand cleanser or antiseptic towelette However employees must wash their hands with soap and water as soon as feasible Employees may use hand cream from individual non refillable containers if they thoroughly wash their hands immediately before application Employees should not use petroleum based Vaseline creams because they adversely affect glove integrity Sharps Management Sharps not only includes needles and scalpels but also include anything that might produce a puncture wound that would expose employees to blood or OPIM such as the ends of contaminated orthodontia wires or broken glass Employees must not Shear break or bend contaminated sharps Recap or remove contaminated sharps unless no alternative is feasible Immediately after use employees must place contaminated reusable sharps into appropriate containers until properly reprocessed These containers must be Puncture resistant Labeled or color coded Leak proof on both the sides and bottom Locked in place o
198. lted for the collection of samples that contain specific known contaminants The information contained in this document describes the following Section 2 0 Safety and Personal Protective Equipment Section 3 0 Sample Collection Equipment Section 4 0 Documentation Section 5 0 General Guidance Section 6 0 Sample Collection Procedures Section 7 0 Sample Packaging and Shipment Section 8 0 References and Additional Resources Appendix A Example Forms Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 1 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 2 0 Safety and Personal Protective Equipment This section provides some general guidelines in the use of personal protective equipment PPE that are typically followed by Hazardous Materials HazMat Response Teams and are recommended for sampling environmental material in response to an unusual or suspicious contamination event This section also provides summary information regarding the types of hazards that should be considered At a minimum all sampling team members should be trained in Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA requirements for hazardous waste operations and emergency response at 29 CFR 1910 120 or 29 CFR 1926 65 and have current medical surveillance 2 1 Personal Protective Equipment Selection of protective clothing is dependent on known site conditions response to unknown contamination
199. lytical methods to determine the appropriate equipment to use Air is the most difficult environmental matrix from which to collect samples because compound concentrations can be affected by numerous varying and uncontrollable factors e g temperature air currents drafts or wind gusts thermal effects contamination Contaminants also are typically present at low concentrations The requirements and procedures used for collection of air sampling are generally complex and are specific to the target contaminants and analytical methods that will be used to measure the contaminants For this reason only summary information and references are provided in this document For specific procedures please refer to the appropriate analytical methods established regulatory procedures equipment manufacturers operating procedures or the references provided Contaminants in air exist in either a gas or particulate liquid or solid phase The objective of air sampling is to transfer a contaminant from a known or measured volume of air into an analytical instrument In all cases measurement of the volume of air collected or passed through concentration media is critical Because contaminant concentrations are generally low contaminants often must be concentrated using filters for particulates or sorbent materials for gases Useful summary information regarding the advantages disadvantages and use of numerous air sample collection procedures including the
200. manent marker to record the date and time of sample collection sample identification sample location and any other pertinent information on the container and appropriate sample documentation e g sample logbook sample collection form etc Place each container containing a biological sample into a clean self sealing bag Decontaminate bags and sample containers with disinfecting solution e Place some packing material into the outer plastic container or bag and place the primary sample container s into the outer container so that they are protected from damage during transport e Close the outer container and wipe the entire outside of the container with disposable bleach wipes e Place another sample label on the outer container or bag if the original sample label is not clearly visible e Complete a sample report prior to sample shipment An example sample report form is provided in Attachment A Figure A 1 A copy of the sample report should be maintained with sample collection and site records and a copy should accompany the samples to the AII Hazards Receipt Facility or laboratory Follow the sample packaging and shipment instructions in Section 7 6 3 Collection of Aqueous Samples This scenario includes collecting chemical and biological unknown contaminants contained in aqueous matrices such as reservoirs that feed a drinking water system or other water distribution components Grab samples should be collected when water sample
201. mma Radiation Screen Procedure 3 2 2 1 0 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 Perform a gamma dose rate screen of the sample transport container Point the meter at the sample The probe is located inside the front bottom edge of the meter for most gamma scintillators Observe the meter readings It may be necessary to change scales to maintain on scale readings Monitor dose rates at approximately 18 inches and again at 1 inch from the container Static one minute measurements should be collected in random locations at each distance Record the highest level at each distance noting the probe location relative to the container Record screening results on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 Gamma Radiation Screen Results 32 3 1 3 252 Typical background for gamma radiation is 5 to 20 micro R roughly 0 005 to 0 02 mR or mrem The recommended gamma threshold is Page 24 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 2 4 25 September 2006 Gamma threshold 0 5 mrem hr roughly equal to 0 5 mR hr or 500 microR hr for gamma radiation 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 2 3 6 3 2 3 7 3 2 3 8 3 2 3 9 3 2 3 10 This threshold is taken from the USEPA s Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water Criteria and Procedures Quality Assurance and is recommended by the USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Each facility shoul
202. move silica gel paper from the hot plate and wet it with 3 5 drops of the sample 5 9 1 2 4 Return the silica gel paper with the sample to the hot plate for 1 minute 5 9 1 2 5 Remove silica gel paper from the hot plate and wet it with 10 drops of the sample 5 9 1 2 6 Observe and document any color change on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form 5 9 2 DB 3 Dye Test Results Mustard gas H can be detected because of its reaction with a methanolic solution of DB 3 4 4 nitrobenzyl pyridine in 5 9 2 1 25 September 2006 Page 46 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 9 2 2 5 9 2 3 5 10 pH Paper Test 5 10 1 pH Paper Test Procedures 5 10 1 1 5 10 1 2 5 10 1 3 the presence of a catalyst mercuric cyanide The product of this reaction then reacts with potassium carbonate to form an intense blue purple color This reaction is faster at elevated temperatures Since the DB 3 dye test is used as a general test for alkylating agents any alkylating agent will produce a positive result If the DB 3 dye test results indicate that an alkylating agent is present in the sample a presumptive positive for mustard should be reported If the results indicate an alkylating agent is not present in the sample record the physical properties of the sample and assess how to proceed with additional screening pH paper can only be used on aqueous solutions If the sample is aqueous place one drop
203. moved from the source holders by ECBC personnel Doing so could result in possible contamination and or exposure to personnel In addition it is a Nuclear Regulatory Commission License violation and could result in fines and possible license restrictions 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 5 Appendix E Sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events 22 September 2006 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events DRAFT April 26 2006 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 sample Collection Guidance for Unknown Contamination Events April 26 2006 DRAFT Prepared for Rob Rothman Work Assignment Manager National Homeland Security Research Center United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Cincinnati OH 45268 Prepared by Computer Sciences Corporation Alexandria V A 22304 3540 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Disclaimer The U S Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development
204. n the solution blue Continue slowly adding NazS203 until the color disappears This is your endpoint Record volume of NazS2O03 added 8 Calculate the active chlorine as specified below Determine the average and standard deviation of the three samples taken from a given lot in accordance with WI 200 9 The active chlorine must be 3 or above optimally 5 for the bleach and 30 or above for the HTH in order to be used for the decontamination of chemical agents If the average 96 active chlorine does not meet this specification label the bleach or HTH accordingly and ensure that it is segregated from use in surety programs 10 If the active chlorine level is acceptable label all containers for a given lot with the date of analysis person conducting analysis the average active chlorine and an expiration date Assign an expiration date of six 6 months from the date of analysis Note Bleach shall be stored in its original container and remain tightly sealed to avoid exposure to air as much as possible If stored in an open container such as a spray bottle active chlorine shall be reanalyzed or the contents discarded on a monthly basis 11 All actions and appropriate readings will be recorded in the appropriate laboratory notebook in accordance with IOP 0940 CALCULATIONS Dilution Factor E 9f original sample _ 100 4 mL of sample 25 weight of sample in milligrams Active Chlorine x 100 _ mL of Titrant x 0 1N
205. nce 10 4 Appendix D Example Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan The following is a generic laboratory chemical hygiene plan It is provided as an example of the type of plan that will be needed to support operations in the AHRF It is not intended to support the AHRF as written Rather it is intended to be modified by the local lab director and safety personnel to meet local requirements for safe operations 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U S ARMY EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010 5424 CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN March 2004 Paragraph Page DUEDOSE ennist intu en tor td bona tated oai eae EE E ciun 1 3 Applicability T 2 3 References seco eode a eats AE a dei aR 3 3 Explanation of Terms insti niee espe SUR as a Tae 4 3 Responsibilities csset et nte in tete oae eiin s 5 3 POl yocp reU EE UM sd e MM UE 6 5 Program Administrations uu uda ne co tedio da Cue iebeps tip da ee 7 6 Proc tetnent icti ite taret erator ode 8 6 Chemical Storages eost sectari edet oot a ime ioo EU ute Reis 9 6 Engineering Controls ae ito eee Sees exo e etus 10 11 Administrative and Work Practice Controls 11 14 Protective Clothing and Equipment ceeceeescecsereeeenteeeeees 12 15 Ludum snam anr a E RES T 13 17 Information and Training eese 14 18 Personal Hy SVT cuss ele sais ad
206. nces and Additional Resources 25 September 2006 Page 81 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 1 Appendix A Example IOP for Work Area Cleanup and Decontamination 22 September 2006 EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL INTERNAL OPERATING PROCEDURE FORENSIC ANALYTICAL CENTER Document No IOP 0905 EC B FAC Revision No 1 TITLE WORK AREA CLEANUP AND DECONTAMINATION PROCESS Prepared by Nicole G McKew EC B FAC Date Prepared 14 March 06 A 9 fad LLAN Date STEPHEN E Quality Manager EC B FAC Chief EC B F ISSUE DATE SEP 2 1 2006 A PURPOSE SCOPE This protocol is intended to identify procedures for decontaminating work surfaces and supplies prior to and after working with forensic samples that are potentially contaminated with chemical and or biological warfare agents This protocol is not intended for decontamination and cleanup of large spills or to eliminate gross contamination Rather it is intended to account for trace contamination that may occur during the processing of forensic samples and to cleanup work areas and supplies between samples This document describes methodologies to be used for biological safety cabinets chemical fume hoods glove boxes work surfaces and ancillary supplies Procedures specified in this document can be utilized in both pre deployment areas and for the deployed environment Note Verification of these procedures for effectively
207. neering control readings Biosafety cabinet readings will be recorded on the daily log sheet The Director of the lab will note log sheet trends and contact the biosafety officer whenever there is a substantial deviation of readings from normal readings 1 All windows are closed and sealed Each laboratory room contains a sink for hand washing The sink must be hands free or automatically operated and is located near the room exit door 3 The interior surfaces of walls floors and ceilings of areas where the BSL 3 agents are handled are constructed for easy cleaning and decontamination 4 Bench tops are impervious to water and are heat resistant to moderate heat and the organic solvents acids alkalis and those chemicals used to decontaminate the work surfaces and equipment 5 Biological safety cabinets are required and are located away from doors from supply louvers and from heavily traveled laboratory areas 6 A ducted air ventilation system is provided This creates directional airflow which drawls air into the laboratory from clean areas and toward contaminated areas The exhaust air is not re circulated to any other area of the building The outside exhaust air must be dispersed away from occupied areas and air intakes or the exhaust must be HEPA filtered Laboratory personnel must verify that the direction of the airflow into the laboratory is proper It is recommended that a visual monitoring device that indicates and
208. neven surfaces without tipping or stopping suddenly Carts with open shelves should be designed with a restraining device or lip to prevent containers from creeping or tipping over Surfaces must be impervious to liquids 3 Freight elevators should be used to move chemicals between floors when available Passenger elevators shall not be used when personnel are on board however these elevators may be placed out of service temporarily to move chemicals or compressed gas cylinders 4 Compressed gas cylinders shall be moved using a suitable hand truck Gas cylinders shall be strapped in place with the valve protector cap installed Acutely toxic gases should be moved only when medical support is available and verified Approved escape respirators shall be readily available in the event of an emergency 10 Engineering Controls a General Practice Engineering controls including hoods glove boxes inhalation chambers gas cabinets local exhaust ventilation and substitution of less toxic chemicals should be used to minimize exposure to all hazardous chemicals in the laboratory b Laboratory operations which involve chemicals having a PEL or TLV of 100 ppm or less gas or vapor or 0 1 mg m3 or less aerosol shall be planned and conducted using appropriate engineering controls High risk operations shall be conducted inside primary containment including chemical hoods glove boxes or inhalation chambers Low risk operations where the potentia
209. ng was originally designed for use in removing liquids from 55 gallon drums and is useful in cases where the sampler is unsure whether there are multiple liquids present or in cases where the liquid is pooled in a deep container or crevice In some cases two or more liquid layers may be present and a glass tube sampler enables sample collectors to determine the number and location of liquid layers In cases where multiple liquid layers are present either a glass tube or syringe can be used to collect samples of the individual layers It is recommended that use of glass tubes for sample collection be performed with a two person sampling team Put on clean powder free latex nitrile or vinyl examination gloves and other required PPE prior to sampling Slowly insert the glass tubing to just above the bottom of the body of liquid Note Ideally the tubing used should be of sufficient length so that at least 30 cm extend above the top of the liquid Allow the liquid to reach its natural level in the tube Cap the top of the tube with a safety gloved thumb or a stopper and carefully remove the capped tube from the liquid If the tube has passed through more than one layer of liquid the boundary should be apparent in the glass tube If more than one type of liquid is present one sample should be collected from each liquid layer Close inspection is required as liquids often are clear but have different densities Determine whether samples can be col
210. ngs above threshold YES Note If immediate color change Move the primary sample sample is leaking Take containers to the glove immediate precautions box immediately Inspect container for leakage Wipe seam with M8 paper PO Collect surface sample NEG STOP Consult supervising lab director appropriate local agency and the FBI WMD Coordinator to determine whether it safe to continue AHRF screening Explosive screen colorimetric If M8 was positive remove remaining contamination with a diluted bleach solution before continueing S the field and AHRF informatio considered to be sufficient to protect receiving laboratory Prepare sample for shipment to appropriate laboratory NO ill primary container fit into the all hazards glove box Prepare for repackaging YES Proceed to Step 4a 25 September 2006 Page 11 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance AHRF Screening Process Continued STEP 4a Initial Sample Screening Ensure that glove box has been certified as clean Transfer primary sample container to all hazards glove box Open primary sample container Immediately screen with Combustible Gas Indicator CGI or Photoionization Detector PID Take precaution to mitigate flammable hazard Is the sample explosive or flammable Perform radiation screen Direct measur
211. nications emergency response information and training requirements 49 CFR Part 172 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Shippers general requirements for shipments and packagings 49 CFR Part 173 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Carriage by rail 49 CFR Part 174 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Carriage by aircraft 49 CFR Part 175 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Carriage by vessel 49 CFR Part 176 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Carriage by public highway 49 CFR Part 177 e CFR GPO Access 20 Sept 2006 lt http ecfr gpoaccess gov gt Environmental Protection Agency EPA Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water Criteria and Procedures Quality Assurance 5 ed EPA 815 R 05 004 Washington GPO 2005 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Additional Resources American National Standards Institute Radiation Protection Instrumentation Test and Calibration ANSI N323A Washington ANSI 1997 ASTM International Standard Test Methods for Flammability Potential Screening Analysis in Waste ASTM D4982 95 Philadelphia ASTM International 2001 Standard Test Metho
212. ning Results Form 25 September 2006 Page 52 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 7 0 Shipment to the Receiving Laboratory 7 1 AHRF Screening Results Forms Review 7 1 1 7 1 3 Review the screening results forms from all phases of the AHRF screening 7 1 1 1 All results should be legible verifiable and contain appropriate measurement units 7 1 1 2 Ensure that the results of all AHRF screening procedures have been recorded and signed by the appropriate screening technician Compile finalized forms into a single AHRF Screening Report Ensure that all screening technicians and the AHRF Coordinator sign the final report including date and time of signature 7 2 Contacting Authorities Receiving Laboratory 7 2 1 Consult the agency with ownership of the sample e g Police Fire Department Emergency Responders FBI appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator to determine fate of the sample based on the AHRF screening results NOTE The AHRF does not screen for biological hazards Thus samples cannot be sent to a laboratory that is not prepared to receive samples that may contain a biological hazard unless the sample has been deemed to be safe by a biological laboratory Similarly if field or AHRF screening indicates the presence of a hazard that a biological laboratory is not capable of receiving this hazard chemical radiological or explosive can often be mitigated by
213. nt ALL HAZARDS RECEIPT FACILITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT TARGET ANALYTES TRANSPORT CONTAINER SCREEN Micro R Meter gamma Gamma Ray Emission intillat Radiological O Screen Lx Alpha beta gamma scintillator with data logger e Alpha and Beta particles e Nerve agents GA GB GD VX Chemical Wipe with M8 paper if any e Blister agents H HD HN HT and Screen unusual contamination is visible Lewisite e Any organic liquid Primary Sample Container Screen In fume hood or equivalent Ravioloecat Same as Above e Same as Above Screen e Nitro aromatics nitrate esters nitramines inorganic nitrate Explosives Colummetic Tidit compounds chlorates peroxides Screen NOTE See full list of explosive compounds in Table 2 for specific explosives targeted e Compounds containing phosphorous or Flame Spectrophotometer FSP sulfur optional e Nerve agents GA GB GD VX e Blister agents H HD HN HT and Lewisite pun Ion Mobility Spectrometer e Nerve agents GA GB GD VX creen IMS optional e Blister agents HD HN Lewisite e Nerve agents GA GB GD VX Blist ts H HD HN HT and MB Paper ister agents H an Lewisite Any organic liquid 25 September 2006 Page 6 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Primary Sample Screen In glovebox oe en beta scintillator with data s Jislistand
214. ntents are hazardous Yes No Comments Any reported associated risks NOTE Unlabeled sample transport containers should be assumed hazardous until the contents are further screened or evaluated 25 September 2006 Page 68 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 Visual Inspection of Sample Transport Container NOTE Sample transport containers must not be opened during any sample receipt activities including during visual inspection of container a Examine the sample transport container and the field report form for suspicious indicators Yes No Comments Protruding wires Pi al Strange odors Odor should be evident DO NOT sniff the sample container ERES Oily stains discoloration or crystallization LJ Excessive tape or string T5 Does it look like a device e g explosive or pressurized container eae 24 b Visually inspect the sample container and perform the following tasks and note observations Description of the sample as determined by inspection Color Approximate volume or size weight Check for the presence of sediments or foreign material Photograph sample transport container number taken Comments s the transport container properly sealed Is the container damaged bulging discolored or leaking Is any unusual or unexpected field contamination on the container e g bright colored substances crystalline deposits liquid
215. o be screened Once this layer of containment is breached the primary sample is exposed The primary sample container can be any type of container that can physically contain the unknown material It can be provided by the first responders collecting the sample or it may be part of the evidence itself In the case of it being part of the evidence itself great care should be taken to retain the trace evidence e g fingerprints DNA etc that may be present on the container The primary sample container often will be placed in a secondary containment vessel to provide spill control and protection measures to the primary sample container and sample The secondary containment may consist of a resealable plastic bag or another larger container The secondary containment vessel containing the primary sample container and sample should then be packaged further into a transport container for shipment to the AHRF or other laboratory The transport container may be a cooler or other suitable container with proper packaging to minimize breakage and leakage during transport If a suspicious package is encountered it should follow the same general guidelines and should be placed into a transport container for shipment to protect the evidence and sample contained within the package 2 Interview the Sample Delivery Personnel and Verify the COC and Field Documentation It is important to interview the sample delivery personnel to ensure all the pertinent information
216. o be sufficient prepare the sample field report COC Facility Sample Receipt Form and screening results forms for transport to the laboratory 4 6 3 If additional screening is needed or requested proceed with Section 4 7 to screen the sample directly 4 7 Sample Container Evaluation for Transfer to Glove Box 4 7 1 Determine whether the size of the container is suitable for direct screening of the sample inside the all hazards glove box Sample containers that are too large to pass through the fume hood into the glove box may not be suitable for direct sample screening 4 7 2 If there is only a very small amount of sample present lt 2 grams or 2 mLs skip the sample screening procedures described in Sections 5 0 and 6 0 These procedures will consume too much of the sample For this reason the sample should proceed directly to the receiving laboratory for analysis 4 7 3 Air samples or samples that are contained in a sealed canister should not be opened in the AHRF These sample containers should be decontaminated and or repackaged in the fume hood for removal and transport to an appropriate laboratory or facility 4 7 3 1 Clean the surface of the containers with 1096 bleach solution and then rinse with deionized or distilled water 4 7 3 2 Prepare the sample for transfer to an appropriate laboratory or facility 25 September 2006 Page 38 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 5 0 Initial Direct S
217. ocedures Quality Assurance and are recommended by the USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Each facility should set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If results of the direct read are less than twice the average background and thus less than the thresholds proceed with Section 4 4 Primary Sample Container Explosives Screen If the direct alpha beta radiation screens indicate radiation above twice the average background level either the typical background or a background level that has been determined for the AHRF proceed to Section 4 3 4 and perform a wipe test on the outside of the sample transport container to determine if removable contamination is present If screening results indicate alpha and or beta dose rates greater than the threshold See Section 4 3 3 3 halt AHRF screening procedures Place the container in a steel or lead lined box if one is available or other appropriate shielding materials and isolate the sample in a secure area Consult a radiological technician local lab director appropriate local authorities and the local FBI WMD Coordinator immediately to determine whether screening procedures should continue If screening cannot continue the samples should be prepared for transport to a radiological laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma scans and wipe samples will be necessa
218. ocedures are to be used for laboratory operations involving toxins including reproductive toxins All toxins must be considered to pose a hazard in an aerosol form Though most toxins exert their effects only after parenteral exposure or ingestion and a few toxins present a dermal hazard All CDC USDA Select Agent toxin work must be done at Biosafety Level 2 or higher b Acomplete list of CDC USDA regulated Select Agent Toxins can be found at http www cdc gov od sap docs salist pdf C Storage and distribution 1 Toxins will be kept in locked freezers and storage cabinets when not in use Storage units will be labeled with the universal biohazard sign and indicate that toxins are being stored in the unit 2 When transporting toxins will be double contained with the secondary containers labeled appropriately d Engineering Controls 1 Preparation of primary containers of toxin stock solutions and manipulations of primary containers of dry forms of toxins should be conducted in a chemical fume hood a glove box or a biological safety cabinet or equivalent containment system approved by the safety officer HEPA and or charcoal filtration of the exhaust air may be required depending on the toxin 2 The user should verify inward airflow of the hood or biological safety cabinet before initiating work 3 All work should be done within the operationally effective zone of the hood or biological safety cabinet 4 When vacuum lin
219. ocess and wash the outside of the container with a 1096 bleach solution followed by reagent grade water 3 3 1 3 5 If negative proceed to Section 4 0 3 3 2 M8 Paper Screen Results 3 3 2 1 MS paper is a chemically treated dye impregnated indicator paper Interaction between the indicator dyes and an organic liquid produces a pH dependent color change 3 3 2 2 MS paper was designed to change color to indicate the presence of non persistent G type nerve agent yellow V type nerve agent dark green or blister agents red However all organic liquids will be absorbed by M8 paper and produce some color change 3 3 2 3 For purposes of this screening test any wetting of the M8 paper and subsequent color change is a positive indicator of sample leakage and appropriate precautions must be taken including increasing the level of PPE 3 3 2 4 Proceed to Section 4 0 for both positive and negative results 25 September 2006 Page 29 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 0 Primary Sample Container Screening WARNING It is important to note that an AHRF may receive suspicious packages or containers These packages or containers should be considered evidence and handled as such Suspicious packages should be handled as little as possible taking care to maintain the integrity of any potential evidence the package may provide e g fingerprints container or material manufacturer physical particles Package
220. of Screening Procedures Assessment Is it Suitable to Transfer Entire Primary Comments Sample Container to the Glove Box Is there greater than 2 grams milliliters of Comments sample present Is there enough information to transfer the Comments sample to a fixed site laboratory 25 September 2006 Page 77 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol 9 4 3 Primary Sample Screening Results Form Guidance Date mm dd yyyy Customer Sample Identification Number Screening Personnel 1 2 3 Combustible Gases and VOCs Screen All Hazards Receipt Facility Example Primary Sample Screening Form AHRF Sample Identification Number 4 CGI Screen Performed Instrument Model S N PID Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Results Comments Results Comments Direct Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Radiation Screen Results Comments Wipe Alpha and Beta Screen Performed Instrument Model S N Results Comments Thermal Susceptibility Test Performed Explosives Screen 25 September 2006 Page 78 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Chemical Screens Colorimetric Indicator Paper Additional Screens Needed Results Comments Thermal Susceptibility Test Performed Results Comm
221. of hazardous waste whenever feasible Common methods of waste minimization include substitution of less hazardous chemicals process changes recycling or reuse 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance d Containers holding hazardous waste shall be labeled HAZARDOUS WASTE Containers of non hazardous waste shall be labeled NONHAZARDOUS e Only designated hazardous waste satellite accumulation sites or 90 day storage facilities shall be used for the accumulation or storage of hazardous waste f Hazardous waste shall be turned in for disposal via the Hazardous Waste Tracking System and IAW APGR 200 60 g Non hazardous chemical waste shall be disposed of IAW existing guidance If appropriate guidance is not available a request for assistance shall be forwarded to the ECBC Environmental Quality Office 19 Chemical and Toxin Spills a General 1 The spill of any quantity of a hazardous chemical or toxin which results in a release to the environment i e air land or water or exposure to personnel shall immediately be reported by dialing 911 Laboratory personnel may take action to stop or contain a spill if it can be done without endangering themselves or other personnel When a spill poses a health hazard all potentially affected laboratories shall be evacuated immediately 2 Personnel shall use appropriate protective equipment and clothing to minimize chemical and toxin exposure d
222. of protection to personnel and the environment Carcinogen A neat chemical or mixture which contains at least 0 1 percent of a chemical which meets one of the following criteria i it is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen ii it is a human carcinogen listed under the category known to be carcinogens in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program NTP latest edition iii it is listed under Group I carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC latest edition iv it is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens by NTP v it is a military unique compound classified as a carcinogen by USACHPPM or OTSG or vi it causes statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals IAW any of the following criteria a After inhalation exposure of 6 7 hours per day 5 days per week for a significant portion of a lifetime to doses less than 10 mg cubic meter or b After repeated skin application of less than 300 mg kg of body weight per week or c After oral doses of less than 50 mg kg of body weight per day 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance A list of chemical carcinogens meeting the criteria in paragraphs 1 through v is at appendix G Chemical Hygiene Officer The employee designated by the Director ECBC who is qualified by training and or
223. of the bomb squad 25 September 2006 Page 23 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 4 2 Record the results of the X ray and radiation screens on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 3 1 1 4 3 Transfer custody of the container to the bomb squad along with corresponding report forms NOTE Ensure copies are maintained in the AHRF files If an explosive device is determined to not be present proceed to Section 3 2 to perform a full radiation screening of the transport container 3 20 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screen for Radiation Radiation Screen Background 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 25 September 2006 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 Radiation screening should be performed by personnel trained in or familiar with the radiation screening equipment that is used Itis recommended that a certified radiation technician perform this screening Use of radiation screening equipment is complicated and several calculations are required to obtain screening results Only high energy beta or gamma radiation will penetrate the sample transport container An alpha beta scan will provide an indication of the presence of any radioactive contamination on the outside of the transport container or of any high energy beta radiation that is in the sample A gamma scan will provide an indication of the presence of any gamma radiation in the sample or on the container Ga
224. ogical laboratory that can also receive samples with potential biological explosive or chemical hazards NOTE Alpha beta and gamma scans and wipe samples will be necessary on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF 3 3 Sample Transport Secondary Container Screen for Chemical Warfare Agents 3 3 1 MS Paper Screen Procedures 3 3 1 1 25 September 2006 Inspect the container to determine if any unusual material or substances are present such as the following Page 28 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance e Strange odors only obvious odors DO NOT sniff the transport container e Oily stains discoloration or crystallization e Unusual powders not dirt dust dried mud or any other contamination that might be expected from field sampling 3 3 1 2 If unusual material is not present proceed to Section 4 0 3 3 1 3 If unusual material is present follow procedures outlined below 3 3 1 3 1 Wipe the contaminated area s of the transport container with M8 paper 3 3 1 3 2 Observe the reaction with the paper 3 3 3 3 Record the results on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 3 3 1 3 4 If positive collect sample using an appropriate pr
225. ols is low Hepatitis B virus the salmonellae and Toxoplasma spp are representative of microorganisms assigned to this containment level 1 Biosafety Level 2 is appropriate when work is done with any human derived blood body fluids or tissues where the presence of an infectious agent may be unknown Laboratory personnel working with human derived materials should refer to the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910 1030 for specific required precautions 2 Primary hazards to personnel working with these agents relate to accidental percutaneous or mucous membrane exposures or ingestion of infectious materials Extreme precaution with contaminated needles or sharp instruments must be emphasized Even though organisms routinely manipulated at BSL2 are not known to be transmissible by the aerosol route procedures with aerosol or high splash potential that may increase the risk of such personnel exposure must be conducted in primary containment equipment or devices such as a biosafety cabinet BSC or safety centrifuge cups Other primary barriers should be used as appropriate such as splash shields face protection gowns and gloves 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 Secondary barriers such as hand washing and waste decontamination facilities must be available to reduce potential environmental contamination c Biosafety Level 3 practices safety equipment and facilities are
226. or chemical contamination c Personnel shall restrain long hair and loose clothing to minimize the risk of chemical and toxin contamination d Mouth pipetting is prohibited 16 First Aid a All laboratory personnel and laboratory supervisors shall have adequate training in signs and symptoms of exposure to relevant chemicals and self aid buddy aid procedures In addition all laboratory personnel and laboratory supervisors who work with chemical agent shall be certified in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR by the American Red Cross or other recognized agency b Emergency telephone numbers and points of contact shall be posted near each laboratory telephone For severe injury or any chemical biological radiological injury or illness dial 911 report the nature and extent of the emergency and await ambulance transportation Render the appropriate first aid while awaiting transport If only minor first aid is required and there is no chemical biological or radiological contamination personnel may be transported to KUSAHC in a private vehicle c Personnel should follow the general first aid procedures IAW the MSDS in the event of chemical or toxin contamination or acute exposure d Bloodborne Pathogens 1 Employees at ECBC are not considered to be occupationally exposed to bloodborne pathogens since there are currently no operations with human blood or other body fluids The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Program does not cover Good
227. organism the person was handling Transport of injured personnel to the medical treatment facility will occur a Any real or suspected contamination of the eyes should be immediately rinsed using an eyewash station for at least 15 minutes b For skin exposure the area must be washed with a germicidal soap and 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance then rinsed with water c Any suspected contaminated clothing will be removed bagged and autoclaved 3 In the event of a spill of biological materials evaluate the potential for the formation of aerosols a If an aerosolization may have occurred or the operator is not able to contain the spill evacuate the laboratory and dial 911 b If the spill is within engineering controls or does not present an aerosol hazard the area will be covered with absorbent towels and decontaminated with a suitable disinfectant Following sufficient contact time the absorbent material will be collected and containerized for disposal 4 Spills of hazardous chemical outside of engineering controls must be reported to the fire department 5 In the event of a fire dial 911 to activate the emergency response plan Fire extinguishers may be used on incipient stage fires only Personnel must be trained IAW 29 CFR Part 1910 to use the fire extinguisher on an incipient stage fire 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guida
228. ose from food urine and feces 3 Lab coats smocks and gloves shall be worn in all animal handling areas Additional requirements including head and shoe coverings or respiratory protection shall be determined by the CHO on a case by case basis 4 Laboratory personnel handling animals shall be trained IAW the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory animals which is published by the National Research Council 23 General Laboratory Safety Laboratory equipment and apparatus shall be used safely The Risk Reduction Office shall perform an equipment hazard analysis on all test equipment developed in house 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance APPENDIX A REFERENCES REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS 7 CFR 331 Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 Possession Use and Transfer of Biological Agents and Toxins 9 CFR 121 Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 Possession Use and Transfer of Biological Agents and Toxins Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations CFR section 1910 Subpart H Hazardous Materials cited in paragraph 9 Title 29 CFR section 1910 134 Respiratory Protection cited in Paragraph 12 Title 29 CFR section 1910 1200 Hazard Communication cited in Paragraphs 8c 9c 1 Title 29 CFR section 1910 1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Laboratories cited in paragraph 14 42 CFR 73 Possession Use Transfer of Select Agents and Toxin
229. ot zone and uncontaminated or less contaminated zones is designated the Hot Line This line can be used to restrict entry to the contamination area and to set areas for elevated PPE requirements Persons entering a Hot Zone should be fully qualified for collection of samples from hazardous areas including the appropriate current U S Occupation Safety and Health Association OSHA training and certification Usually all materials that enter a Hot Zone have to either undergo decontamination or field screening before exiting the zone This includes but is not limited to all personnel PPE sampling tools and any other equipment materials Thus it is beneficial to leave as much equipment as possible outside of the Hot Zone i e take only the minimum amount of equipment needed to collect representative samples into the Hot Zone In an ideal scenario one sampler enters the Hot Zone carrying the minimum amount of equipment needed to take the sample A second sampler or technician remains just on the other side of the Hot Line with the remaining sampling equipment to support the primary sampler This approach is only practical if the Hot Zone is small enough to allow the two samplers to observe and easily aid each other A third person should be available to assist the sampling team in the event additional materials are required This third person should NOT enter the Hot Zone A second zone should be set up at one designated location just outside the
230. ovided whenever an abnormal event such as a spill leak or explosion takes place in the laboratory Its purpose shall be to determine whether subsequent medical examination is necessary e For medical examinations and consultation required under paragraph c and d the examining physician shall provide a written opinion that is placed into the patients confidential medical file The written opinion should include the following 1 Any recommendations for further medical follow up 2 Results of the medical examination and diagnostic tests 3 Any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination that places the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous chemical found in the workplace 4 A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may require further examination 18 Chemical Waste Disposal a Laboratory wastes shall be handled and disposed of IAW applicable Federal State and local environmental regulations and policies b Chemicals and toxins shall be handled and stored in such a way that their identity is retained from initial receipt or production to use or ultimate destruction whenever feasible When chemicals are combined and become part of a laboratory waste mixture a record of all chemicals in the mixture shall be maintained c Personnel shall minimize the generation
231. ow the sample packaging and shipment instructions in Section 7 6 1 3 Sample collection using wipe or swab Chemical contaminants should be collected with cotton wipes or swabs and then placed in a glass certified clean container Biological samples should be sampled with moistened non cotton wipes or swabs and then placed in a sterile container Swabs and wipes for biological samples can be moistened with sterile saline phosphate buffered solution PBS or water Swabs and wipes for chemical samples can be moistened with contaminant free water or other analytical method prescribed solution For hydrophobic materials moistened wipes or swabs will repel the powder or film For this reason if the contaminant is unknown it may be prudent to first attempt to collect material using a dry swab or wipe Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 23 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Put on clean sterile powder free latex nitrile or vinyl examination gloves and other required PPE prior to sampling e Prepare a diagram of the area s to be sampled along with the locations of key surfaces Place the diagram flat in a gallon sized zipper bag and seal Information locating the sampling areas can be written on the surface of the plastic bag with a permanent marker e Use a swab for small or porous surfaces or wipe for large non porous surfaces to collect samples from surfaces or objects Wi
232. own to be free of potential contaminants 6 1 Collection of Bulk Solid Samples This scenario includes collection of unknown powders granular materials pellets paint scrapings and potentially contaminated soils Visible and accessible quantities of suspected contaminants can be collected by placing the material directly into a sterile sample vial or container of appropriate size using a clean sample spoon trowel or spatula If the material is dispersed or not enough material is present to collect directly samples should be collected using wipes or swabs If the contamination appears to be composed of more than a single material multiple samples should be collected to target each material If collection of multiple materials is not feasible the sample s collected should contain all materials suspected to contain the contaminant or contaminants A description of the materials collected should be recorded on the field report form Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 21 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 6 1 1 Equipment needed The following equipment is needed to collect bulk solid or wipe samples If biological samples are to be collected the equipment used including gloves must be sterile e Clean disposable nitrile gloves at least two pair per individual e Containers for suspected chemical contaminants certified clean four ounce or larger glass container with a Te
233. oxins that are intended for use to kill or incapacitate people animals or plants There are four general categories of chemical agents choking agents blood agents blister agents and nerve agents and five general categories of biological agents pathogens bacteria viruses fungi and toxins All of these agents vary in their toxicity mode of action and effect Tables 2 1 and 2 2 provide information regarding the properties of some of these agents and their effects in terms of human exposure Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 5 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Table 2 1 Chemical Agent Properties and Effects Note This table was taken from the Laboratory Safety Supply Inc Domestic Preparedness and Response a Guide for First Responders Spring 2005 Catalog Chemical Agent Name Agent Type Choking Blister Physical Properties Chlorine Pungent odor greenish yellow heavier than air gas Hydrogen Cyanide Almond odor highly volatile gas Lewisite Colorless oily liquid with little odor in its pure state Amber to geranium like odor with amber to dark brown color in less pure form Possible garlic odor medium volatility oily liquid Phosgene Choking Fresh cut hay odor heavy gas Colorless odorless volatile liquid Clear odorless tasteless liquid with may have a slight fruity odor Colorless odorless low volatility o
234. pe a maximum of 100 cm surface area using each swab or wipe Collect multiple wipe or swab samples as needed to collect a representative amount of sample The wiped area should be equal for each wipe or swab collected and the area recorded in cm on the COC and other field forms e After sample collection and prior to removal from the contamination site place the swab or wipe into a sterile conical tube for suspected biological contaminants or clean container for suspected chemical contaminants e Carefully and firmly close the container using short range gentle motions Gentle motions reduce the potential for contaminant volatilization and prevent a powdery substance from becoming airborne and spreading contamination e Remove any debris from the outside of the container using 10 bleach solution or a bleach wipe and retain the wiping material in a plastic bag Wrap Parafilm wax paper around the seam of the container and lid sealing the sample from contamination or leakage e Place a custody seal over the container and Parafilm wax paper such that the seal is perpendicular to the seam of the container and its lid e Use a permanent marker to record the date and time of sample collection sample identification sample location and any other pertinent information on the container and appropriate sample documentation e g sample logbook sample collection form etc Place each container containing a biological sample into a clean
235. ppropriate sample documentation e g sample logbook sample collection form etc Place each container containing a biological sample into a clean self sealing bag Decontaminate bags and sample containers with disinfecting solution e Place some packing material into the outer plastic container or bag and place the primary sample container s into the outer container so that they are protected from damage during transport e Close the outer container and wipe the entire outside of the container with disposable bleach wipes e Place another sample label on the outer container or bag if the original sample label is not clearly visible e Complete a sample report prior to sample shipment An example sample report form is provided in Attachment A Figure A 1 A copy of the sample report should be maintained with sample collection and site records and a copy should accompany the samples to the All Hazards Receipt Facility or laboratory Follow the sample packaging and shipment instructions in Section 7 6 4 Collection of Air Samples Air sampling should be conducted as soon as possible after a contamination event because dispersion and dilution into the environment occurs at a greater rate than other matrices Air sampling equipment is widely varied depending on location analytical parameters analytical equipment and sampler technique If a contaminant or contaminant class is known sample collectors should refer to existing corresponding ana
236. primary container 5 seconds for the FSP and 60 seconds for the IMS WARNING THE PRIMARY CONTAINER S should not be opened or the sample otherwise exposed until after it has been transferred into the AHRF glovebox See Section 5 0 If there is any suspicion that the primary container has been breached or an unusual liquid is on the outside of the container reconsider the level of PPE used and follow the procedures outlined in Section 3 3 4 2 Visual Inspection of the Primary Sample Container 4 2 1 Visually inspect the sample container to ensure sample integrity 4 2 2 Check the container type and make sure the container label matches the COC see Section 1 4 2 4 2 3 Check for damage bulging discoloration or leakage If the container is damaged bulging discolored or leaking place it into a secondary container or spill tray tub to control possible spillage 4 2 4 If possible record a description of the sample as determined by inspection 4 2 5 Note color presence of sediments or foreign material volume or size weight 4 2 6 Check if there is any unusual or unexpected field contamination on the container e g bright colored substances crystalline deposits liquid 4 2 7 Using an infrared thermometer take sample temperature 25 September 2006 Page 31 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 2 8 Photograph sample container s Place the container next to a ruler or other size indi
237. quids and will be adsorbed by M8 paper if neat it should be noted that nerve agents are soluble in Page 44 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance water Therefore indication of an aqueous solution on M8 paper does not rule out the presence of a CWA If the results indicate an organic liquid proceed with the water solubility miscibility test See Section 5 8 3 If the results indicate an aqueous solution proceed with pH paper screening See Section 5 10 5 8 3 Water Solubility and Reactivity Procedures 5 8 4 25 September 2006 5 8 3 1 5 8 3 2 5 8 3 3 5 8 3 4 Place 5 drops of the sample into a 2 mL conical centrifuge tube containing 0 5 mL of water Observe and record the results on an AHRF Primary Sample Screening Results Form If the sample reacts with water e g increase the temperature of the water produces fumes or causes the water to bubble immediately halt sample screening and contact the appropriate local authorities and local FBI WMD Coordinator If the sample does not react with water as described in Section 5 8 3 3 determine whether the sample dissolves or is miscible in the water Water Solubility and Reactivity Results 5 8 4 1 5 8 4 2 5 8 4 3 Although this test is primarily intended to define the solubility or miscibility of a sample it also provides information about the reactivity of the sample with water The solubility miscibility and reactivity of a
238. r VI compounds NOC d Insoluble Cr VI compounds NOC d Chrysene Clopidol Coal dust Bituminous Anthracite Coal tar pitch volatiles as benzene solubles Cobalt inorganic compounds as Co Crotonaldehyde Crufomate Cyclohexanone Cyclohexylamine Cyclonite Cyhexatin 22 September 2006 A2 A4 A3 A2 A3 A4 Al Al A4 Al A3 A2 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A3 A4 A3 A3 Al A2 A4 A4 A4 Al A3 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol 2 4 D DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Diazinon Diazomethane A2 A4 A3 A4 2 6 Di tert butyl p cresol Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT Dichloroacetylene o Dichlorobenzene p Dichlorobenzene 3 3 Dichlorobenzidine 1 4 Dichloro 2 butene A2 Dichlorodifluoromethane 1 1 Dichloroethane Dichloroethyl ether 1 3 Dichloropropene A4 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Dieldrin Diethylamine Di 2 ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP Diglycidyl ether DGE N N Dimethylacetamide Dimethylamine Dimethylaniline N N Dimethylaniline Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride A2 Dimethylformamide 1 1 Dimethylhydrazine Dimethyl sulfate Dinitolmide Dinitrotoluene A3 1 4 Dioxane Dioxathion Diphenylamine Diquat Diuron Endosulfan Endrin Enflurane Epichlorohydrin EPN Ethanol Ethyl acrylate A4 Ethyl bromide A3 Ethyl chloride A3 Ethylene Eth
239. r alpha and beta particles simultaneously The counts are converted to counts per minute or to an activity unit incorporated by an internal conversion constant either disintegrations per minute dpm or Bequerels Bq If necessary record the counts and convert to dpm The results are then divided by the area covered in the smear A 4 inch square or 1 x 16 inch swipe is equal to 100cm If less area is available to swipe determine the approximate area and convert the results as necessary Record the alpha and beta counts on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 3 5 Wipe Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Results The recommended alpha and beta wipe thresholds are as follows 22 dpm cm beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters 2 2 dpm cm all other alpha emitters These thresholds are taken from 49 CFR 173 443 Contamination Control Table 11 Non Fixed External Contamination Wipe Limits Each facility should set the threshold depending upon their capability for handling radioactive substances If the results of the wipe sample are less than the thresholds See Section 4 3 5 1 proceed to Section 4 4 unless there is an Page 34 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 3 5 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 5 7 4 3 5 8 4 3 5 9 4 3 5 10 4 3 5 11 4 3 5 12 unusual substance presence on the transport container as discussed in Section 2 2 if so then
240. r detection FSPs used for chemical warfare agents are set to detect the emissions of sulfur and phosphorous This instrument provides a rapid analysis in a few seconds It will detect any compound containing sulfur or phosphorous in addition to chemical warfare agents Fume Hood Chemical fume hood with HEPA and carbon filters designed for use with CWAs G Agents A series of organo phosphorous nerve agents that were labeled G because they were first manufactured in Germany The common G agents are GA Tabun GB Sarin GD Soman GE and GF Cyclohexylsarin Gamma Radiation Emission or Rays Gamma radiation is electromagnetic energy from the decay of an isotope This energy can be blocked with dense material e g lead or dense concrete Gamma rays are emitted from the sun and the earth and are a daily part of life Excessive or prolonged elevated exposure to gamma rays is known to cause cancer and extreme exposure can cause death High levels of gamma radiation can be detected through a sample container or a series of containers and overpack materials Glove Box Class III biosafety cabinet with HEPA and carbon filters designed for use with CWAs H Agents A class of chlorinated blister agents H agents include mustard gas HD and nitrogen mustards HN 1 HN 2 and HN 3 Indicator Paper Indicator paper is a strip of paper that contains reagents that cause the paper to change color when it comes into contact with the substanc
241. r holds and fills the sample containers The sampler holding the containers will also apply the Parafilm wax paper and custody seals e If it is suspected that chlorine residual is present in samples collected for biological contaminants dechlorinate the samples using sodium thiosulfate solution Ideally sample containers used for collection of biological contaminants will contain sodium thiosulfate dechlorinating solution prior to sample collection e Once all the samples have been collected seal the tops of the containers with Parafilm wax paper Place custody seals over the container and Parafilm wax paper such that the seal is perpendicular to the seam of the container and its lid Note When many sample containers are necessary it is often more practical to pack all of the sample containers into an overpack usually a cooler or similar water proof container Once these containers are all packaged correctly with ice see Section 7 two custody seals can be placed on the overpack rather than each sample The drawback to doing this is that the containers must not leave the samplers custody until they are packed into the cooler Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 30 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 e Use a permanent marker to record the date and time of sample collection sample identification sample location and any other pertinent information on the container and a
242. r maintained under direct observation to prevent misuses or access by unauthorized persons Filled only to 3 4 full Stored or processed so employees do not reach by hand into the containers to retrieve instruments Collection Handling Processing Storage Transport and Shipping of Infectious Materials and Sharps Containers used for the collection handling processing storage transport or shipping of blood or OPIM must be 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Puncture resistant Leak proof Labeled or color coded Closed Requirements for the containerization and labeling of specimens Eliminate or minimize possible inadvertent employee contact with blood or OPIM that has leaked out of the container and contaminated exterior surfaces of the container or surrounding surfaces If the first container could be punctured by its contents it must be placed in a second container that is puncture resistant Warn employees through labeling or color coding that blood or OPIM are present so that proper handling precautions can be taken Gloves Gloves provide a barrier to blood and OPIM but neither vinyl nor latex procedure gloves are completely impermeable Hand washing is required after glove removal Employees must wear gloves when they anticipate Contacting blood or OPIM or mucous membranes Handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces Perfo
243. r unauthorized procedures with respect to the task being performed 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance APPENDIX C Storage Code 22 September 2006 STORAGE CODES Compatibility Category Acids Inorganic acids Caustics Any strongly alkaline material which has a corrosive or irritating effect on living tissue Organics A compound that contains the element carbon with the exception of carbon dioxide or compounds containing the carbonate radical Inorganics A compound which does not contain the element carbon This group includes compounds with the carbonate radical Oxidizers A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials Water Reactive A compound that reacts violently with water Toxic A chemical that is acutely toxic or a carcinogen or reproductive hazard Flammable A liquid or solid meeting any of the definitions in Appendix B Organic Peroxide An organic Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol 22 September 2006 compound that contains the bivalent O O structure which may be considered to be a derivative of hydrogen peroxide Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol APPENDIX D WATER REACTIVE CHEMICALS acetic anhydride acetyl bromide acetyl chloride alkyl aluminum chloride allyl trichlorosilane aluminum aminoborohydri
244. re or less dense than water Does the sample Is the sample Test sample with float reactive with water pH paper Test sample with starch iodide Perform test for paper alkylating agents Report presumptive positive for biological agents Does the sample form a precipitate Test sample with nerve agent enzyme ticket Report presumptive positive for mustard Test supernatant Report with pH paper presumptive positive for nerve agents Report presumptive positive for Lewisite Record physical properties of sample Is additional screening supported by hreat assessment Prepare sample for shipment to appropriate laboratory YES Proceed to Step 4c 25 September 2006 Page 13 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance AHRF Screening Process Continued STEP 4c Additional Screening of Sample Perform water solubility miscibility test Test with indicator papers for chlorine fluoride cyanide sulfide and arsenic Is the sample water soluble Send to appropriate laboratory for biological screening and further analysis Note This Interim All Hazards Receipt Facility Protocol currently does not include a biological screening process Potential low tech and low cost screening methods are being assessed and may be added at a later date Some interested parties have sugges
245. re is the accident or incident building and room number b What is involved c Was anyone possibly exposed d Was anyone injured e Was the building evacuated 2 Contact the first line supervisor as soon as possible An accident or incident may be defined as but is not limited to any of the following 1 An actual or suspected spill or release of Biological Defense Program Research Development Test and Engineering BDP RDTE material outside of engineering controls 2 Injury or illness signs or symptoms related to potential or known exposure to chemical biological or radiological materials 3 Release of or exposure to a hazardous chemical 4 Severe injury err on the side of caution when deciding what is severe 5 Fire regardless of magnitude The person in charge will secure the scene except for the necessary movement of safety and security personnel The need to dial 911 is situational outside of the laboratory CTF and chambers and in such situations each person should use his her best judgment when an accident or incident occurs If there is any doubt as to whether you should or should not dial 911 dial it and let the emergency responders determine the proper level of response 2 In the event of personnel exposure to biological agents via inhalation ingestion or subcutaneous exposure dial 911 The operator will be told the nature of trauma what type of first aid was administered and the name of the
246. re symptoms and if necessary medical monitoring or treatment 2 4 1 Explosion and Fire Although explosions and fires may arise spontaneously usually they result from site activities such as moving drums accidentally mixing incompatible chemicals or introducing an ignition source such as a spark from equipment into an explosive or flammable environment Explosions and fires not only pose the obvious hazards of intense heat open flame smoke inhalation and flying objects but may also cause the release of toxic chemicals Keep all potential ignition sources away from an explosive or flammable environment use non sparking explosion proof equipment and follow safe practices when performing any task that might result in the agitation or release of chemicals 2 4 2 Chemical Exposure An important exposure route of concern at a hazardous waste site is inhalation Even substances that do not directly effect the lungs may pass through the lung tissue into the bloodstream where they are transported to other vulnerable areas of the body In addition some toxic chemicals may be colorless and or odorless may dull the sense of smell or may not produce any immediate or obvious physiological sensations Respiratory protection is extremely important if there is a possibility that the work site may contain such hazardous substances Direct contact of the skin and eyes by hazardous substances is another route of exposure Some chemicals directly inju
247. re the skin Some pass through the skin into the bloodstream where they are transported to vulnerable organs The eye is particularly vulnerable because airborne chemicals can dissolve in its moist surface and be carried to the rest of the body through the bloodstream capillaries are very close to the surface of the eye Wearing protective equipment not using contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres since they may trap chemicals against the eye surface keeping hands away from the face and minimizing contact with liquid and solid chemicals can help protect against skin and eye contact 2 4 8 Biological Hazards Biological contaminants are generally undetectable by human senses and symptoms may not appear for days or weeks following exposure Like chemical hazards etiologic agents may be dispersed in the environment via water and wind Protective clothing and respiratory equipment reduce the chances of exposure Thorough washing of any exposed body parts and equipment Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 4 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 will help protect against infection The effects of exposure to biological hazards may be mitigated by use of antibiotics e g anthrax exposure vaccines e g smallpox exposure or antitoxins e g botulism 2 44 Properties and Effects of Chemical and Biological Agents Chemical and biological agents are toxic substances pathogens or t
248. reparedness and Response a Guide for First Responders Spring 2005 Catalog LSS Domestic Preparedness amp Response Product Offering Catalogue Spring 2005 Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 37 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 National Center for Biomedical Research and Training Academy of Counter Terror Education Louisiana State University and Agricultural amp Mechanical College Public Safety WMC Response Sampling Techniques and Guidelines Participant Manual Work in Progress Version 1 0 Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations at 29 CFR 1910 120 or 29 CFR 1926 65 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response QuickSilver Analytics Inc FAC Model QSA 102 Chem Bio Sampling Kit Classroom Power Point Presentation Revision 2 0 July 2004 QuickSilver Analytics Inc Products and Services 2004 Catalog Tetra Tech EM Inc prepared for USEPA Region 5 Emergency Response Branch Biological Agent Sampling Guidelines and Analytical Approach for Regional Counterterrorism Response Plans August 5 2003 U S Army Chemical Research and Development Center Environmental Hazards of Chemical Agent Stimulants 1984 U S Army Department of the Army Army Regulation 50 6 Nuclear and Chemical Weapons and Materiel Chemical
249. res 2 Disposable cleaning tissues will be used rather than a personal handkerchief 3 Persons with a laceration or skin lesion should not work in the facility unless the injury is fully protected 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 Hands will be kept away from mouth nose eyes face and hair d No mouth pipetting Use only mechanical pipettes Blowing out the last drop from a pipette may create an aerosol e Housekeeping It is important that housekeeping tasks be assigned to personnel who are knowledgeable of the research environment This approach assures that the location of hazardous contaminated equipment etc will be known This equipment will be handled only by those most knowledgeable of how it should be handled Personnel should be assigned their immediate work area for individual clean up while assigning the common area to everyone The laboratory supervisor must determine the frequency with which tasks need to be accomplished He she should provide schedules and conduct inspections to assure compliance f Federal law requires an SOP for all work with viable microorganisms toxins within the scope of biodefense An SOP which identifies known and potential hazards and which specifies practices and procedures to minimize or eliminate risks must be prepared Personnel must be advised on special hazards and are required to read and follow the standard practices and procedures
250. riminal external contamination and should not be left unsupervised e Radio contact should be maintained with someone outside of the Hot Zone This contact provides safety and can assist in identifying the hazard s by relaying information to additional members of the assessment team e Asampler or technician should be available to record a log of everything the sampling team does note the time and record other details that might assist in interpreting the analytical data generated by the laboratory or screening facility Take at least one picture of the area at the entry to the Hot Zone Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 19 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 and several pictures of the impacted area Take pictures of the areas to be sampled If possible lay a ruler or tape measure by the sampling points to allow the viewers of the pictures to know the scale of the photograph e Leave the sampling site undisturbed and return to the decontamination area to gather supplies and or additional personnel Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 20 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 6 0 Sample Collection Procedures The following sample collection procedures are intended to serve as guidelines for sampling environmental media following an unusual or suspicious contamination event and should be modified as needed to
251. rming invasive procedures Examining abraded or non intact skin Rendering emergency medical or non medical assistance to individuals sustaining traumatic injury There are two kinds of gloves used by employees disposable and reusable Disposable gloves must be replaced once used contaminated torn or punctured They must never be washed or decontaminated for reuse Reusable gloves may be decontaminated for re use if the effectiveness of the glove as a barrier against potentially infectious materials is not compromised However reusable gloves must be discarded if they are cracked peeling torn punctured or show any other signs of deterioration 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Instruct employees not to touch telephones computer keyboards charts elevator buttons or other non contaminated surfaces with gloved hands or used gloves Regulated Waste The term regulated waste also known as regulated medical waste infectious waste and infective waste refers to the following categories of waste requiring specific handling Contaminated sharps Liquid or semi liquid blood or OPIM Items contaminated with blood or OPIM that would release these substances in a liquid or semi liquid state if compressed tems caked with dried blood or OPIM and capable of releasing these materials during handling Pathological and microbiological wastes containing blood or OPIM Reg
252. rpose glass fibers 2 4 5 T A4 Talc containing no asbestos fibers A4 1 1 2 2 Tetrachloroethane Tetraethyl lead Tetranitromethane Tin Organic compounds as Sn Titanium dioxide o Tolidine Toluene Toluene 2 4 diisocyanate TDI o Toluidine m Toluidine p Toluidine Trichloroacetic acid 1 1 2 Trichloroethane A4 Trichloroethylene Trichlorofluoromethane 1 2 3 Trichloropropane 1 1 2 Trichloro 1 2 2 trifluoroethane A4 Triethylamine A4 22 September 2006 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A2 A4 A4 A4 A2 A4 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A3 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A3 A4 A3 A4 A5 A4 A3 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Triothocresyl phosphate Triphenyl phosphate Uranium Soluble and insoluble compounds as U Vanadium pentoxide Respirable dust or fume Vinyl acetate Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride 4 Vinyl cyclohexene Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide Vinylidene chloride Vinyl toluene VM amp P Naphtha Wood dust Certain hard woods as beech amp oak Xylene Xylidine Zinc chromates as Cr Zirconium and compounds as Zr 22 September 2006 A4 Al A2 Al A4 Al A4 A4 A3 Al A3 A3 A3 A4 A3 A3 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 1 Appendix H Special procedures for Toxins and CDC USDA Select Agent Toxins a General In addition to the hygiene practices covered in the previous paragraphs the following special pr
253. rs This test is a direct measurement and does not consume any sample material 5 5 2 Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Procedures 5 5 2 1 3562 2 5 5 2 3 3 9 2 4 9 3 2 5 5 5 2 6 NAT Set the toggle switch on the meter to alpha beta counts Open the primary container and perform a direct read alpha beta scan of the primary sample Scan the sample as close to its surface as possible e g 14 inch from the surface without allowing the instrumentation to come in contact with the sample Observe the meter reading and listen to the meter Positive responses are in different click tones for either alpha or beta If a positive reading occurs select either alpha or beta on the toggle switch to obtain a true reading NOTE It may be necessary to change scales to maintain on scale readings These counts are converted to counts per minute and then to an activity unit either disintegrations per minute dpm or Bequerels Bq The activity is then calculated for the area of the screen See Appendix F References Record the alpha and beta counts on the Facility Transport Container Screening Results Form Attachment 4 5 5 3 Direct Read Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Results 5 5 3 1 5 5 3 2 5 5 3 3 25 September 2006 Typical background for alpha radiation is 5 to 20 micro R Typical background for beta radiation is 5 to 20 micro R The recommended alpha and beta thresholds are Alpha threshold 22 dpm 100 cm
254. ry on the outermost shipping container If wipe sample contamination is present then repackaging the sample in another outer container e g a cardboard box or cooler is an option Contact a radiological hazardous waste transport professional to remove the sample from the AHRF Page 33 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 4 3 4 Wipe Alpha and Beta Radiation Screen Procedures WARNING It is important to note that an AHRF may receive suspicious packages or containers These packages or containers should be considered evidence and handled as such Suspicious packages should be handled as little as possible taking care to maintain the integrity of any potential evidence the package may provide e g fingerprints container or material manufacturer physical particles Package handling should be minimized and wipe samples should be collected only from target areas such as the seam of the container and lid 4 25 September 2006 4 3 4 1 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 4 6 4 3 5 4 3 5 2 4 3 5 3 4 3 5 4 Wipe an adequate number of locations to ensure that there is a degree of confidence that the container has been thoroughly evaluated for loose contamination The wipe locations should include the top bottom lid especially the opening handles and sides of the container Place wipe samples on planchets and count Most of these instruments read individual counts fo
255. s AR 40 5 Preventive Medicine cited in paragraphs 5 and 17 AR 700 68 Storage and Handling of Compressed Gases and Gas Cylinders cited in paragraph 9 AMCR 385 100 Safety Manual cited in paragraph 9 AR 385 61 The Army Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Program DA PAM 385 61 Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards cited in Paragraph 12 AR 385 69 Biological Defense Safety Program DAPAM 385 69 Biological Defense Safety Program APGR 200 60 Environmental Quality Hazardous Waste Management cited in paragraphs 9 18 and 19 APGR 385 4 APG Safety and Occupational Health Program cited in 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Paragraph 5 APGR 690 9 Leave Administration cited in paragraph 14 CRDECR 40 1 Respiratory Protection Program cited in paragraph 12 CRDECR 40 2 Experimental Agent Health Hazards Information Program cited in paragraph 14 CRDECR 700 1 Preventive Maintenance of Toxic Exhaust Ventilating System cited in paragraph 10 DOD 6050 5 LR DOD Hazardous Materials Information System Hazardous Item Listing cited in paragraph 8 ANSI Standard Z87 1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection cited in paragraph 12 ANSI Standard Z358 1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment cited in paragraph 12 NFPA Standard 30 National Fire Protection Association Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code cited in paragraph 9 NFPA Standard
256. s Keep all potential ignition sources away from an explosive or flammable environment use non sparking explosion proof equipment and follow safe practices when performing any task that might result in the agitation or release of chemicals Chemical Exposure Hazardous chemicals can enter the unprotected body by inhalation skin absorption ingestion or through a puncture wound injection A contaminant can cause damage at the point of contact or can act systemically causing a toxic effect at a part of the body distant from the point of initial contact For either chronic low concentrations over a long period of time or acute high concentrations over a short period of time exposure the toxic effect may be temporary and reversible or may be permanent disability or death Some chemicals may cause obvious symptoms such as burning coughing nausea tearing eyes or rashes Other chemicals may cause health damage without any warning signs this is a particular concern for chronic exposures to low concentrations Health effects such as cancer or respiratory disease may not manifest for several years or decades after exposure In addition some toxic chemicals may be colorless and or odorless may dull the sense of smell or may not produce any immediate or obvious physiological sensations Thus a worker s senses or feelings cannot be relied upon in all cases to warn of potential toxic exposure 25 September 2006 Page 61 of 81 Working Dr
257. s are suspected to contain high levels of bacteria and or particulates If the contaminant or contaminant class is unknown it may be necessary to provide the analytical laboratory with a complete set of containers for chemical and biological analysis see Tables 3 1through 3 3 This requires almost 20 liters of sample for the chemical analyses and over 100 liters for the biological analyses Because biological contaminants present in water systems are likely to be dilute large volumes of sample are often needed In these cases samplers should collect large volumes of water for concentration in the laboratory Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 28 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 The difficulty of confirming the presence absence of a biological contaminant in a water source is that a biological warfare agent can be very diluted in a large amount of water and yet still be dangerous A large amount of sample is required in order to thoroughly analyze the sample for biological agents The large quantity of water needs to be concentrated for analysis using a filter and pump apparatus that concentrates viruses bacteria and protozoa onto a filter Ultrafiltration will filter over 100 liters of water and result in a 250 mL concentrated sample Because sample concentration using membrane filtration or ultrafiltration should be performed by a trained professional it is highly recommended that these
258. s chemical may have taken place Overpack To pack chemicals designated for turn in IAW APGR 200 60 in an open head DOT Specification metal shipping container 4a CFR Parts 178 and 179 of no more than 416 liter 110 gallon capacity and surrounded by at a minimum a sufficient quantity of absorbent material to completely absorb all of the liquid contents of the inside containers Also known as lab packs Oxidizer A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in Title 29 CFR part 1910 109 a that initiates or promotes combustion in other material thereby causing fire either by itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases Permissible Exposure Limit An occupational standard promulgated by OSHA as a regulatory requirement The PEL can be an 8 hour TWA a ceiling value or a 15 minute STEL A list of PELs is available at the Risk Reduction Office Protective laboratory practices and equipment Those laboratory procedures engineering administrative controls work practices and protective clothing and equipment used to minimize employee exposure to hazardous chemicals Reproductive Hazard A chemical which affects the reproductive system and may produce chromosomal damage mutations and or adverse effects on the fetus teratogenesis For the purposes of this guidance any chemical with a mutagenic or teratogenic quotation in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances RTECS shall be considered a reproduc
259. s matrix Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 11 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Section 4 0 Documentation Thorough documentation of sample collection activities and identification is needed to ensure the validity of samples and corresponding analytical results This documentation is used to ensure that samples are representative protected from tampering have been collected in accordance with collection requirements and have not been exposed to compromising conditions At a minimum sample collection documentation should include e Sample identification numbers e Sample collection label attached to all sample containers e Records of sample collection operations Chain of custody COC form e Custody seals Waterproof black indelible ink must be used for the labels COC forms and custody seals If a mistake is made while completing each form do not erase Draw a line through the error add the correct information and initial and date the form where the mistake occurred This is required for legal documentation and should be followed on all sampling documents 4 1 Sample Identification Numbers Each sample consists of all the material collected from a given location at one time and of one matrix A sample identification number that is unique for each sample is created by the sample collector the receiving laboratory and or a program or project manager Sample identific
260. s when administered orally to rats 11 an LD50 of 200 mg kg of body weight or less when administered to the skin of rabbits iii a median lethal concentration LC50 in air of 200 ppm or less of gas or vapor or mg liter or less of mist fume or dust when administered by inhalation to rats Action level A concentration designated in Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations CFR part 1910 for a regulated substance that initiates certain required activities such as exposure monitoring and medical surveillance Also 1 2 of the PEL or TLV for a chemical whichever is more stringent Airborne Exposure Limit AEL Allowable concentrations in air for occupational and general population exposure to Chemical Agent Materials Biosafety Cabinet The biological safety cabinet BSC is the principal device used to provide containment of infectious splashes or aerosols generated by many microbiological procedures Three types of BSCs Class I II IIT used in microbiological laboratories are described and illustrated in Appendix A Open fronted Class I and Class II BSCs are primary barriers which offer significant levels of protection to laboratory personnel and to the environment when used with good microbiological techniques The Class II BSC also provides protection from external contamination of the materials e g cell cultures microbiological stocks being manipulated inside the cabinet The gas tight Class III BSC provides the highest attainable level
261. sampling equipment available to the sample collectors In general samples containing hazardous chemicals including CWAs or corrosive materials should be collected in certified clean glass containers with Teflon i e polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE lined lids Samples to be measured for biological contaminants must be collected into sterile containers 5 2 Forensic Protection and Interagency Cooperation When collecting samples following a contamination event sampling activities must be conducted with the cooperation of any and all agencies investigating the incident Such cooperation will help ensure that the necessary steps are taken to preserve a potential crime scene and that proper evidence is collected Special care should be taken to avoid moving any evidence until adequate documentation is conducted and the appropriate officials are notified The following general protocols for maintaining crime scene integrity are provided as guidance only and should not be considered to be exhaustive The agency or agencies responsible for site investigation should be consulted for information regarding evidence requirements e Collection of environmental samples is time sensitive due to the public health and sample preservation implications Thus collection of samples may precede collection of physical evidence and care must be taken not to disturb the crime scene while performing these activities e Physical evidence should be collected in cooperat
262. sence of nerve agent acetylcholinesterase converts indoxyl acetate into 3 hydroxyindole a compound that is blue in color If either G or V agent is present it will tie up the enzyme which will then not be available to react with indoxyl acetate to form the blue color 5 12 4 2 Since the performance of the nerve agent enzyme ticket depends on the activity of acetylcholinesterase strong oxidizers low or high pH organo phosphate pesticides and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may produce false positive results For this reason aqueous samples for which previous Page 49 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance screening results indicate high or low pH or the presence of strong oxidizers should not be screened with the nerve agent enzyme ticket 5 12 4 3 If the nerve agent enzyme ticket results indicate that an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is present in the sample no color a presumptive positive for nerve agent should be reported If the results indicate that nerve agent is not present in the sample blue record the physical properties of the sample and assess how to proceed with additional screening 5 13 Primary Sample Optional Screen using IMS and or FSP 5 13 1 Optional IMS and FSP Screening Procedures 5 13 1 1 If additional information is needed or requested an aliquot of sample can be removed to a Class II Type A or B biosafety cabinet for screening using the ion mobility spectrophotometer
263. shall be placed in an unbreakable secondary container prior to transport through the laboratory The secondary container should contain absorbent material to cushion the primary container and absorb the contents in the event of a spill Secondary containers shall be appropriately labeled c Engineering Controls 1 Laboratory operations which involve acutely toxic compounds carcinogens or toxins including reproductive toxins shall be planned and conducted using appropriate engineering controls IAW the approved SOP 2 Effluent from test equipment or apparatus shall be filtered or scrubbed before discharged into the environment House vacuum shall be provided with in line filters or traps to prevent contamination Vacuum pumps shall be vented into a chemical hood or local ventilation system 3 Analytical instrumentation which generates vapor or aerosol contamination shall be vented into a hood or operated using local exhaust ventilation to capture air contaminants unless it can be demonstrated through air monitoring that the concentrations are below the most stringent standard AEL PEL or TLV d Administrative and Work Practice Controls 1 Two Person Rule High risk operations may require application of the two person rule The Risk Reduction Office on a case by case basis shall determine requirements All work with Botulinum toxin will require two person rule 2 Designated Area a Laboratory operations shall be conduct
264. sor e Escape mask close at hand Nitrile gloves should be changed in between each sample or every five minutes of sample handling whichever occurs first Additional PPE for Potential Use at the All Hazards Receipt Facility Level C e Full face or half mask air purifying respirators National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH approved e Hooded chemical resistant clothing overalls two piece chemical splash suit disposable chemical resistant overalls e Level D protection Level B e Positive pressure full facepiece self contained breathing apparatus SCBA or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA NIOSH approved e Level C protection Potential Hazards that May Be Encountered by All Hazards Receipt Facility Personnel Information regarding potential hazardous exposures is taken from the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities prepared by NIOSH OSHA U S Coast Guard and USEPA Radiation Radioactive materials emit one or more of three types of harmful radiation alpha beta and gamma Alpha radiation has limited penetration ability and is usually stopped by clothing and the outer layers of the skin Alpha radiation poses little threat outside the body but can be hazardous if materials that emit alpha radiation are inhaled or ingested Beta radiation can cause harmful beta burns to the skin and damage the subsurface blood system Beta ra
265. st from such equipment may be vented to the outside if it is dispersed away from occupied areas and air intakes 12 The laboratory facility design and operational procedures must be documented The facility must be tested for verification that the design and operational parameters have been met prior to operation Facilities should be re verified at least annually against these procedures as modified by operational experience 13 Additional environmental protection eg Personnel showers HEPA filtration of exhaust air containment of other piped service and the provision of effluent decontamination should be considered if recommended by the agent summary statement as determined by risk assessment the site conditions or other applicable federal state or local regulations Two Person Rule Requirements Two authorized personnel each familiar with applicable safety and security requirements and who are capable of performing first aid in case of exposure to biological agent are required to work in the lab at all times Both individuals must be capable of detecting incorrect or unauthorized procedures with respect to the task being performed The samples that are received are unknown to the analyst and the two person rule is required Security of Stored Etiologic Agents Etiologic agents will be stored in locked freezers The storage freezer will be posted with an inventory of its contents and labeled with the universal biohazard symbol The
266. stored in a laboratory room shall not exceed 60 gallons or one month s supply whichever is less The quantity of liquids stored in an approved inside storage room shall be IAW NFPA 30 2 Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in glass metal or plastic containers which meet the requirements of NFPA 30 Class I liquids shall be stored in approved safety cans when the container quantity exceeds 2 gallons Combustible liquids shall be stored in approved safety cans when the container quantity exceeds 5 gallons 3 Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in approved cabinets designed IAW NFPA 30 Cabinets should not be located adjacent to an exit or in a stairwell Cabinets shall not be vented without approval from the installation Fire Department 4 The transfer of Class I liquids to smaller containers from bulk containers not exceeding 5 gallons shall be conducted in a chemical hood or in an approved inside storage room The 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance transfer of Class I liquids from bulk containers exceeding 5 gallons shall be conducted in an approved inside storage room or outdoors 5 Class I liquids shall not be transferred between metal containers unless the containers are properly bonded and grouped to discharge static electricity 6 Refrigerators and freezers used to store flammable liquids shall be explosion proof or laboratory safe AW NFPA 45 e
267. storerooms designed and constructed IAW NFPA 30 Hoods gas cabinets or ventilated storage rooms should be provided when acutely toxic gases are stored in the laboratory 2 Requirements for central storage at existing facilities shall be evaluated by the Risk Reduction Office and the CHO on a case by case basis b General Chemical storage inside the laboratory shall be limited to those chemicals necessary to complete mission requirements Central storerooms shall be used when they are available Chemicals should not be stored on the bench Open shelves should be designed with a restraining device or lip to prevent containers from creeping or tipping over 1 Chemicals will be stored IAW an approved compatibility system such as the Hazardous Material Information system HMIS or using the categories identified in appendix C Chemicals stored in trays designators or secondary containment large enough to contain the spill from the largest container may be stored with chemicals from another group when they are located on the bottom of the cabinet The Risk Reduction Office and the CHO shall approve exceptions to the categories in appendix C 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 Chemicals within a given storage group may be incompatible with other chemicals in that group Laboratory personnel shall determine intra category incompatibility and minimize incompatible storage when possible Spill trays
268. t source unidentified placed in containment bag or other type of container at scene 2 1 6 Segregate samples from known and unknown sources for screening Samples from known sources may require less screening at the AHRF depending on review of the field reports and first responder s knowledge of the sampling site and event impact 2 1 7 Review the COC form 2 1 7 1 At a minimum the COC Form should include the following information Sample description Sample identification code or number Date time and location of sample collection Number of samples collected and transported Number of containers collected for each sample Identification of sample collector 25 September 2006 Page 17 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 1 8 25 September 2006 2 1 7 2 e Contact information for a principal investigator project manager or project coordinator The names of any person or persons handling the sample The time and location of any transfer of sample possession If a sample has been left unattended information regarding the location and conditions of sample storage i e sample was stored in a locked compartment or container This COC Form also may include information regarding the following e Sample containers used e Sample container decontamination e Transport containers used e Type and conditions of transport Review the Sample Field Report 2 1 8 1 2 1 8 2 2 1 8 3 Check the
269. t agencies refer to this as the overpack Often it is in the form of a cooler or trunk A single transport container may hold multiple samples V Agents V agents are one set of persistent nerve agents several days are required for decomposition The first V agent was synthesized in 1954 by the British VX VE VG VM and V gas are the most common V agents Volatile Organic Compounds VOCSs Organic molecules with low boiling points that will spontaneously evaporate in the air This evaporation may not necessarily be rapid 25 September 2006 Page 57 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Wipe Sample A sample that is made up of cloth e g cotton or Dacron or paper that is wiped over a substance or surface to be sampled removing the loose layer of material whether seen or not off the surface of the object This is most often used to sample a film or particulate covering a surface 25 September 2006 Page 58 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 9 0 Attachments 9 1 Attachment 1 Personal Protection Equipment PPE All Hazards Receipt AHR Facility staff should be trained in Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA requirements for hazardous waste operations and emergency response at 29 CFR 1910 120 or 29 CFR 1926 65 and should be familiar with a Health and Safety Plan that is specific for the Facility AHR Facility staff also should be familiar with U S D
270. t or satellite storage locations 6 Minimize pedestrian traffic past the open face of the hood This may cause spillage of contaminants 7 Keep laboratory doors closed at all times 12 Protective Clothing and Equipment a Eye Protection Eye protection shall meet the requirements of ANSI Standard Z87 1 latest edition 1 Eye protection suitable for the operation being conducted shall be worn in all laboratories where hazardous chemicals are being handled Safety glasses shall be considered the minimum eye protection to be used in the laboratory Chemical goggles shall be worn during operations where a splash hazard exists or where corrosives are used 2 Face shields shall be worn when additional eye face protection is necessary against splash or projectiles Face shields shall be used in combination with approved eye protection 3 Contact lenses can only be worn with safety goggles a NIOSH approved respirator or M40 military mask used for escape purposes only by visitors and casuals Optical inserts are required for all others 4 Visitors shall comply with the above requirements b Gloves Gloves shall be worn to minimize potential skin contact with hazardous chemicals If needed contact the CHO for guidance 1 The following glove discipline shall be followed for non surety operations a Proper protective gloves should be worn whenever the potential for contact with hazardous chemicals and toxins exists 22
271. talled to monitor differential pressure b Glove boxes shall have an inward velocity of at least 90 fpm through all open ports or doors Total makeup air volume shall be adequate to prevent explosive concentrations of gas vapor or dust inside the enclosure c Glove box performance shall be evaluated semiannually and after any repair or modification to the ventilation system Contact the Risk Reduction Office to coordinate the evaluation d Employees working within an isolated system such as a glove box shall wash their hands and arms upon completion of the assigned task and before engaging in other activities not associated with the isolated system 3 Inhalation Chambers The design and performance criteria for inhalation shall be the same as that for glove boxes 4 Gas Cabinets 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance a Gas cabinets shall be ventilated at a minimum rate of 80 cubic feet per minute cfm per square foot of cabinet space cross sectional area or 125 cfm per cylinder An inward velocity of at least 200 fpm shall be maintained through the access door b A manometer or differential pressure gauge shall be installed to monitor differential pressure Contact the Risk Reduction Office to coordinate evaluation c Cabinet performance shall be evaluated annually and after any repair or modification to the ventilation system 5 Local Exhaust Ventilation Design per
272. ted that it may be more practical to screen unknown samples for radiological explosive and chemical threats and then send the sample directly to an LRN lab This suggestion is based on concerns related to the amount of available sample material timing urgency and qualified expertise Others however have suggested that using minimal biological screening e g immunoassay or ATP bioluminescence to detect the presence of biological activity may be warranted under some conditions These techniques may be reasonable and appropriate depending on a given facility s capabilities EPA is continuing to assess the feasibility of biological screens for the purposes of this project 25 September 2006 Page 14 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 0 Sample Receipt Prior to performing any screening of a sample or sample container at an AHRF a number of activities should be performed to ensure sample integrity the validity of field screening results and the safety of facility and laboratory personnel AHRF staff performing these activities should use a Sample Receipt Form to document completion of the activities in this section An example AHRF Sample Receipt Form is provided as Attachment 2 The following procedures assume that samples will be collected by first responders and packaged in multiple layers of containment The primary sample container is the vessel that physically contains the unknown material t
273. tive hazard Threshold Limit Value TLV Airborne concentrations of substances published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists to which it is believed workers may be exposed day after day with no adverse effect The TLV s are advisory in nature however DA policy uses the TLV as regulatory policy when they are more stringent than the PEL for a specific chemical A list of TLV s is found at Appendix C Toxic chemical A chemical falling within any of the following toxicity categories I an LD50 of more than 50 mg kg but not more than 500 mg kg of body weight when administered orally to rats ii an LD50 of more than 200 mg kg but not more than 1000 mg kg of body weight when administered to the skin of rabbits iii an LC50 in air of more than 200 ppm but not more than 2000 ppm of gas or vapor or more than 2 mg liter but not more than 20 mg liter of mist fume or dust when administered by inhalation to rats Also see Acutely Toxic Chemical Toxin Toxic material of biologic origin that has been isolated from the parent organism the toxic material of plants animals or microorganisms Two Person Rule A system designed to prohibit access by one individual to the toxin by requiring the presence at all times of at least two authorized personnel each capable of 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance performing first aid in the case of an exposure or detecting incorrect o
274. to measure scale in the photographs This is best done with a ruler or tape measure displayed visibly in the photograph Photograph logs must be maintained during the sampling event An example of a photograph log is provided in Appendix A Figure A 3 4 5 Chain of Custody Forms A Chain of Custody COC form creates an accurate written record that can be used to trace the creation possession and handling of the sample from the moment of its collection through analysis Chain of Custody is used and required without exception for the tracking and recording of on site and off site sample collection transport and analysis An example COC form is provided in Appendix A Figure A 4 A COC form accompanies each sample or group of samples as custody of the sample s is transferred from one custodian to another One copy of the form is retained by the original sample collector and the original is obtained by the receiving laboratory If multiple laboratories are receiving a sample individual COCs should be submitted to each individual laboratory each COC representing the contents of the sample shipment A representative of each laboratory or facility accepting an incoming sample shipment signs and dates the COC record It is the laboratory or facility s responsibility to maintain internal logbooks and custody records throughout sample preparation analysis and final disposal Sample custodians are responsible for initiating maintaining and completing C
275. toa Pen AR deca 15 19 Fitst Aldonan Ss 16 19 Medical Surveillance 5e potuto test en cette 17 20 Chemical Waste Disposal seene ien ctis acetate anakeees 18 21 Chemical Spillsus S Seen tdt eat e eu edis 19 22 E er amp etieles eo teo oreste ederiee otis Desde E EA sostiene 20 23 lai dq c np A I i 21 23 Special Procedures for Handling Acutely Toxic Compounds Carcinogens and Toxins including Reproductive TOxins inei stet nate enn etd inae been 22 24 General Laboratory Safety eerte eerte neto eee eio ona 23 26 Appendix A References 65 2 lage dates datums eere dtu UR dek 27 Appendix B Explanation of Terms esee 32 Appendix C Storage Codes eee retten ettet esae bns 37 Appendix D Water Reactive Chemicals 39 Appendix E Shock Sensitive Chemicals 44 Appendix F Chemical Carcinogens eeeesess 47 Appendix G American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACGIH Compilation of Carcinogenic Status 22 Appendix H Special procedures for Toxins and CDC USDA Select Agent Toxins 61 Appendix I Radionucleids at ECBC 64 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 1 Purpose This policy establishes the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center ECBC Chemical Hygiene Plan CHP The CHP establishes responsibilities policies and procedures for handling h
276. tored only in designated and labeled refrigerators incubators or freezers b AII infectious or toxic material stored in locked refrigerators or freezers should be properly labeled and stored in containers capable of withstanding the thermal shock of freezing and thawing The refrigerators or freezers should be labeled as containing infectious material c Log books shall be maintained for all freezers containing pathogenic specimens or organisms d When work is completed all infectious cultures or toxins will be removed from the work bench and biological safety cabinets and stored in a designated refrigerator or freezer If they are to be discarded they will be placed in disinfectant autoclaved or confined in closed labeled container e g contaminated to be autoclaved in a designated refrigerator APPENDIX E BIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Due to the varied nature of possible emergencies that can arise it is not possible to recommend a single plan of action that would be applicable to all situations An SOP for the specific operation will outline emergency procedures tailored to that operation The following is a sample of suggested emergency response procedures 1 GENERAL In the event of an accident or incident notification will be made to the following 1 Immediately dial 911 Provide as much information as possible to the operator a Whe
277. trichlorosilane fluorine fluorine monoxide gold acetylide hexadecyl trichlorosilane hexahydride diborane hexyl trichlorosilane boron bromdiiodide boron dibromoiodide boron phosphide boron tribromide boron trichloride boron trifluoride boron triiodide 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol lithium peroxide lithium silicon methyl aluminum sesquibromide methyl aluminum sesquichloride methyl dichlorosilane methylene diisocyanate methyl isocyanate methyl magnesium bromide methyl magnesium chloride methyl magnesium iodide methyl trichlorosilane nack sodium potassium alloy nickel antimonide nonyl trichlorosilane octadecyl trichlorosilane octyl trichlorosilane oxygen difluoride phenyl trichlorosilane phosphonium iodide phosphoric anhydride phosphoric sulfide phosphorus red phosphorus oxybromide phosphorus oxychloride phosphorus pentachloride phosphorus pentasulfide phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus sesquisulfide phosphorus tribromide phosphorus trichloride phosphorus trisulfide phosphoryl bromide phosphoryl chloride polyphenyl polymethylisocyanate potassium potassium hydride potassium oxide propyl trichlorosilane pyrosulfuryl chloride silicochloroform silicon tetrachloride silicon tetrafluoridehydrogen bromide iodine monochloride lithium lithium aluminum hydride 22 September 2006 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol lithium amide lit
278. ty Protocol Guidance Gloves All personnel working in the laboratory with hazardous organisms will don nitrile or equivalent gloves In some instances double gloving may be appropriate If a spill occurs hands will be protected after the contaminated outer gloves are removed Gloves will be disposed of as biohazardous waste whenever they become contaminated after performing work likely to result in glove contamination upon completion of lab protocols involving etiologic agents and whenever leaving the lab At no times will gloves be worn outside the laboratory Personnel will wash hands with an appropriate decon solution soap after work with etiologic gents and or toxins Gloves must be selected based on the hazards involved and the activity to be conducted Gloves must be worn when working with biohazards toxins and other physically hazardous agents Temperature resistant gloves must be worn when handling hot material or dry ice Delicate work requiring a high degree of precision dictates the use of thin walled gloves Additional protection from contact with toxic or corrosive chemicals may also be required When a procedure or a process cannot be conducted within a biological safety cabinet or when a laboratory worker has not had the appropriate vaccinations then appropriate combinations of personal protective equipment and physical containment devices are used Engineering Control Checklist Lab personnel will maintain a daily log of engi
279. types of PPE Photoionization Detector PID A PID detects but cannot differentiate between most organic compounds A high energy bulb knocks electrons off of molecules that enter the PID making them positively charged These positively charged molecules are then pumped towards a detector The movement of the positively charged molecules creates a current The more charged molecules that are present the larger the current A measurement of the current determines the magnitude of the reading These instruments are typically sensitive but not selective The readout is usually in parts per billion but the reading is often very inaccurate Primary Sample Container The primary sample container holds and comes into direct contact with the sample Often for potentially hazardous samples there are two primary containers Sometimes the inner container is glass and the outer is plastic Sometimes there is one glass or plastic container inside a sealed air tight containment bag A primary container never holds more that one sample Scan Measurement A measurement taken with an instrument that is held over a sample The measurement does not consume or destroy any of the sample By example the alpha beta survey instrument reads in cpm counts per minute which must be converted to dpm disintegrations per minute Transport Container The sample transport container is the outermost container that is received from the carrier at the AHRF Some governmen
280. uch that the seal is perpendicular to the seam of the container and its lid e Use a permanent marker to record the date and time of sample collection sample identification sample location and any other pertinent information on the container and appropriate sample documentation e g sample logbook sample collection form etc Place each container containing a biological sample into a clean self sealing bag Decontaminate bags and sample containers with disinfecting solution e Place some packing material into the outer plastic container or bag and place the primary sample container s into the outer container so that they are protected from damage during transport e Close the outer container and wipe the entire outside of the container with disposable bleach wipes Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 26 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 Place another sample label on the outer container or bag if the original sample label is not clearly visible Complete a sample report prior to sample shipment An example sample report form is provided in Attachment A Figure A 1 A copy of the sample report should be maintained with sample collection and site records and a copy should accompany the samples to the All Hazards Receipt Facility or laboratory Follow the sample packaging and shipment instructions in Section 7 6 2 3 Sample collection using a glass tube Glass tube sampli
281. ulated waste must be discarded in a designated container Contaminated sharps Contaminated sharps must be discarded in containers that are Closable Puncture resistant Leak proof on sides and bottom Properly labeled or color coded Other regulated waste Regulated waste must be placed in containers that are Closable Constructed to prevent leakage Properly labeled or color coded Contaminated laundry Reducing the amount of manual handling of contaminated laundry minimizes employee exposure to blood and OPIM Limit the handling of laundry during bagging or containerization prior to washing Restricting the sorting to the laundry area also reduces contamination of additional surfaces 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Employees must Handle contaminated laundry as little as possible with minimum of agitation Bag or containerize contaminated laundry at the location where it was generated Not sort or rinse contaminated laundry in the location where it was generated Properly label or color code bags or containers of contaminated laundry Place contaminated wet laundry in bags or containers that prevent soak through or leakage Wear appropriate PPE including gloves eye protection disposable head covers disposable shoe covers and plastic aprons when handling contaminated laundry Be provided with easily accessible sharps containers in laundries for t
282. uring spill clean up Specific requirements shall be documented in the SOP 3 Laboratories shall be provided with supplies and equipment to handle small spills These include absorbents neutralizers mops buckets dustpans paper towels sponges and waste containers 4 Spill trays shall be used for all complex operations where there is a reasonable probability a spill could occur 5 Laboratory spills shall be reported to the Environmental Quality Office All waste shall be handled AW APGR 200 60 b Liquid Spills 1 Spills should be confined using trays absorbents or paper towels whenever feasible 2 Neutralize inorganic acids and strong bases with an appropriate chemical or use an absorbent mixture i e soda ash or diatomaceous earth Other liquids should be adsorbed with a non reactive material such as sand or vermiculite and placed in suitable and properly labeled containers 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 3 Flammable liquids Turn off or remove all ignition or heat sources Continuously ventilate the area Absorb the liquid with a non reactive material and place in a suitable container c Solid Spills Low toxicity materials should be swept into a dustpan and placed in a suitable container Wet methods or high efficiency particulate air HEPA filtered vacuum shall be used to cleanup toxic chemicals Dry sweeping is prohibited 20 Emergencies a Emergency
283. use a commercial transporter to ship hazardous waste These transporters can give advice on specific requirements for placarding labeling marking and packaging however the sample owner remains responsible for compliance For additional regulations 49 CFR Parts 172 and 173 call the DOT hazardous materials information line at 202 366 4488 Note Federal regulations allow you to transport your own hazardous waste to designated TSDF Treatment Storage or Disposal Facility provided that you comply with DOT rules Some states however do not allow this practice Call DOT and your state hazardous waste management agency regarding applicable regulations Draft Procedures Do not cite quote or distribute 36 DRAFT Sample Collection Procedures for Unknown Contaminants April 26 2006 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Section 8 0 References and Additional Resources Argonne National Laboratory Environmental Assessment Division prepared for USDOE Background Chemistry for Chemical Warfare Agents and Decontamination Processes in the Support of Delisting Waste Streams at the U S Army Dugway Proving Ground Utah April 1996 Center for Disease Control Safety Survival Skills II Laboratory Safety A Primer on Safe Laboratory Practice and Emergency Response for CDC Workers CDC pg 31 40 Atlanta GA October 2004 Conti Environmental Inc and CH2M HILL Inc prepared for the US Army
284. utions and must handle all blood and certain body fluids as infectious See table 3 for identified blood and other body fluids referred to as OPIM to which universal precautions apply Universal precautions also apply to All body fluids in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluid types Any unfixed tissue or organ other than intact skin from a human living or dead HIV containing cell or tissue cultures organ cultures and HIV or HBV containing cultures or other solutions as well as blood organs or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance Table 3 Application of Universal Precautions to Blood and Body Fluids Body Fluids to Body Fluids to Which Which Universal Universal Precautions Precautions Apply May Not Apply blood nasal secretions body fluids containing sputum visible blood saliva in dental settings sweat semen tears vaginal secretions vomitus tissues feces Unless these body fluids contain visible blood and or are encountered in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids Personal Hygiene Provide readily accessible hand washing facilities to all employees Employees must wash their hands and any other skin with soap and water or flush mucous membranes with water immediately after Contact with b
285. vation requirements until analysis is performed Note Do not allow samples to freeze during on site storage or shipment Neither dry ice nor blue ice is capable of maintaining the sample aliquots in coolers at the required temperature for the average transit time Use only regular ice for cooling during sample shipment For this reason dry ice should not be used for cooling during shipment e Each containment bag should be securely wrapped with bubble wrap e A picnic type cooler or overpack can be used as a shipping container Only hard plastic impact resistant coolers in good condition should be used Coolers should be well packed to prevent container movement during shipping In preparation for shipping samples if present the drain plug is taped shut from the inside and outside and a large new clean plastic bag is used as a liner for the cooler Approximately three inches of inert packing material such as vermiculite perlite or Styrofoam peanuts is placed on the bottom of the liner e Sample containers are placed upright in the lined cooler in such a way that they do not touch and will not touch during shipment Place bubble wrap or other suitable material that will retain its integrity if it gets wet between each sample bag to take up any void space and to prevent the containers from touching Place a temperature blank if available in close proximity to the samples e As required samples should be shipped to the laboratory
286. vations noted during sample receipt should be reviewed and evaluated to maximize sample screening efficiency and personnel protection Information regarding personal protective equipment PPE that should be available at the AHRF is included in Attachment 1 It is possible for example that AHRF staff may desire to use Level B or C protection when moving and or screening suspicious packages for which there is no available field screening information Samples that have been identified as coming from a known source e g drinking water with no indication that the sample may contain an explosive device should not require an explosives device screen Information obtained during the sample receipt process can be used to make decisions regarding the level of protection needed and to ensure that facility staff has proper PPE The minimal amount of PPE that is considered to be necessary for performing AHRF screening activities 25 September 2006 Page 21 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance includes two pairs of nitrile gloves eye protection and protective clothes covering NOTE If CWAs are suspected to be present in a sample one pair of non standard butyl gloves should be used as outer gloves worn over a single pair of nitrile gloves Nitrile gloves should be replaced between every sample or every five minutes whichever comes first Equipment also should be available such that AHRE personnel can increase the PPE if desire
287. vious odors DO NOT sniff the sample container e Oily stains discoloration or crystallization e Excessive tape or string e Unusual or unexpected contamination on the container e g bright colored substances crystalline deposits liquid e Damaged bulging or discolored container WARNING If any of the suspicious indicators are present mitigate imminent hazards isolate the sample and consult the appropriate authorities for assistance before further handling Proceed to Section 3 1 Explosives 3 2 Radiation or 3 3 Unusual Substances 25 September 2006 Page 19 of 81 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 2 2 4 2 Inspect the sample container to ensure sample integrity 2 2 4 2 1 Check the following items e Condition of transport container Is it intact e Transport container seal Is it properly sealed e Custody Seal Is it unbroken e Labels Are they consistent with the information contained in the COC form and or field report e Placards labels that provide information regarding associated risks e g radioactive explosive corrosive toxic or flammable Does it match the documentation provided 2 2 4 2 2 NOTE Some transport containers may have a custody seal and will not have a label or vice versa If the transport container does not contain a custody seal the primary container s should be examined for these seals once the primary containers are unpacked from the transport container and
288. with a liquid can be removed with scissors or a scalpel and then placed into a sample container Soaked material can often yield a functional sample e Some explosive compounds or chemical agents are produced when two materials are mixed together If there appears to be a container within a container e g a torn plastic bag inside a bucket collect samples from both the inner and outer container Note If the inner container has not been compromised DO NOT DISTURB IT Some materials may evaporate or disperse quickly If visible contamination was reported in an area but appears to have evaporated or dispersed take several wipe or swab samples of the area There still may be residue or residual concentrations present that are not visible to the naked eye For powders that may have dispersed it also would be a good idea to take wipe or swab samples from nearby vent openings Small powder particles may accumulate where volumes of air are forced through small areas Evaporation cannot be controlled in most cases Air monitoring may be the only mechanism to gathering additional data e When sampling a liquid from a container make sure that there are not multiple layers of different liquids If multiple layers are present take a sample from each layer see Section 6 2 3 5 4 Hot Zone or Hot Line Sampling Sometimes a Hot Zone is set up around an area that is believed to have elevated levels of contamination The border between the h
289. x 3545 x 4 sample weight mg Active Chlorine 100 mL of Titrant x 14 18 sample weight mg Active Chlorine 100 SAFETY HTH and bleach are strong oxidizing agents and should not come in contact with skin eyes or clothing material Potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate solutions are irritants so avoid contact with skin MSDSs are stored in the E5100 conference room room 5 Revision No 0 Page 3 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY EC B FAC Document No IOP 0929 Revision History Bey Description of Revision Original Approval Date z 2 4 AN zZ e m Revision No 0 Page 4 of 4 UNCONTROLLED COPY Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance 10 3 Appendix C Example SOP for AHRF BL 2 BL 3 Operations Lab Safety The following is a generic standing operating procedure SOP for BL 2 and BL 3 laboratory operations It is provided as an example of the type of SOP that will be needed to support operations in the AHRF It is not intended to support the AHRF as written Rather it is intended to be modified by the local lab director and safety personnel to meet local requirements for safe operations 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURE check all that apply Building Chemical Agent X Biological Toxin Room Radioactive Material Device Radiation Radiofrequency Radiation Lasers
290. ylene chlorohydrin A4 22 September 2006 A3 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Ethylenediamine Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dichloride Ethylene glycol aerosol Ethylene oxide Ethylenimine Fenamiphos Fensulfothion A4 Fenthion Febram Fluorides as F A4 Fonofos Formaldehyde A2 Furfural Gasoline Glycidol Halothane Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene A3 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene A4 Hexachloroethane Hexamethyl phosphoramide A3 Hydrazine Hydroquinone A3 Iron oxide dust amp fume as Fe A4 Isophorone Kaolin Lead organic compounds as Pb Lead chromate as Pb A2 as Cr A2 Lindane Malathion Mercury inorganic forms including metallic mercury Methomyl Methoxychlor Methyl acrylate Methyl tert butyl ether MTBE Methyl chloride Methyl chloroform Methylene chloride Dichloromethane 4 4 Methylene bis 2 chloroaniline MBOCA MOCA 4 4 Methylene dianiline Methyl hydrazine Methyl methacrylate Methyl parathion 22 September 2006 A4 A3 A4 A4 A2 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A3 A3 A4 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A3 A2 A3 A3 A4 A4 Guidance Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Metribuzin Monocrotophos Morpholine Naled Naphth
291. zardous chemicals and toxins 3 Review SOPs for all laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins 4 Conduct pre operational surveys of all new laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins 5 Coordinate Risk Reduction participation in a hazard analysis of each new operation 6 Review plans and specifications for all laboratory construction or renovation to ensure appropriate design criteria are incorporated 22 September 2006 Working Draft All Hazard Receipt Facility Protocol Guidance c Environmental Quality Office Chemical Biological Services Division shall 1 Provide guidance on hazardous waste handling and disposal 2 Provide assistance visits to all laboratories where hazardous waste is generated or stored 3 Conduct pre operational surveys of all new laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins d KUSAHC Preventive Medicine Services shall provide preventative medicine services IAW the established Inter Service Support Agreement APGR 385 4 and AR 40 5 e Laboratory supervisors shall 1 Ensure laboratory personnel have read understood and follow the CHP 2 Ensure that an SOP is prepared and approved for laboratory operations using hazardous chemicals and toxins 3 Ensure that laboratory personnel receive job related medical surveillance from KUSAHC 4 Ensure that personnel working with hazardous chemicals and toxins have read signed and been traine

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