User Manual
Contents
1. s we therefore reduce the intensity and move the slider to the center see Figure 34 General Borrow Waste Profile Options gt Optimization Options 5 3 Import and Analysis of Volumes Import the ASCIl Solution as a new Profile Open the Prospector in the Civil 3D Toolspace Under Corridors right click the Basic Road Corridor and select the Corridor Properties Change the profile from Layout Design to File see Figure 35 27 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets Information Parameters codes Feature Lines Surfaces Boundaries Slope Patterns m Add Baseline Set all Frequencies Set all Targets Name Alignment Profile Assembly Start Station End Station Frequency Target Overrides S ea V Baseline 1 Basic Road Layout Centerl 0 00 00 16 58 63 i Po Ot E Corrido an a a aa M Condo amp Select a Profile 73 Basic Road Select a profile Layout Centerline Existing Ground Surface 20 000 1 Existing Ground Surface 20 000 2 Wg FS Layout Centerline at Select region from drawing Figure 35 Change the profile for Mass Haul After clicking OK in the Properties Dialog your design and Mass Haul diagram should look similar to the one in Figure 36 The red white profile is the imported one SE Uae lel ols alee eS yji TELE La A iy es ea lo Az 4 EEngnpmiAtnmmtnA AA BREE RERRERREE2. earthwork and hauling only if cross section assemblies with retaining walls on each side are used 2 After importing a profile from the profile optimization algorithm switching the profile of an existing corridor to the new profile may result in errors if custom cross section assemblies without retaining walls are used in the existing corridor If Profile Offsets are used the algorithm uses a Simple Assembly as described in Section 5 1 The optimizer looks for the intersection of the daylight side slope with the ground surface If no intersection is found that is at most 6 times the road width away from the centerline a retaining wall is placed and the same limitations apply as to the single EG centerline 6 2 Mass Haul and Volume Reports There are important considerations when using Mass Haul diagrams and Volume Reports on a profile from the profile optimization algorithm 1 Volumes given by the Civil 3D Volume Report may differ from the volumes given from the Profile Optimization Report The optimizer uses cross section area approximations that are based on the Profile Offsets The more offsets the closer the volumes will be Also the sample distances used in the optimizer are either 50 0 or 10 meter apart Hence sample lines with the same distances should be used for Civil 3D Volume Reports Furthermore As mentioned in Section 6 1 when using a solution with EG centerline only the algorithm assumes retaining walls on either side
3. ve V Existing Ground Surface 40 000 15 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 50 000 16 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 50 000 17 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 60 000 18 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 60 000 19 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 80 000 20 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 80 000 21 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 100 000 22 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 100 000 23 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 70 000 24 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 70 000 25 1 0000 w ve Existing Ground Surface 90 000 26 10000 we Gemigemna suey ae Figure 32 Surface selection 5 2 3 Maximum Grade We override the default Maximum Slope with 7 27 see Figure 33 5 2 4 Start and End PVI elevations To use the same endpoints as the original design we use the following PVI elevations e Fix first PVI elevation at 77 906 e Fix last PVI elevation at 105 000 26 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets General Borrow Waste I gt Profile Options Optimization Options Fix first PVI elevation at Fix last PVI elevation at Figure 33 Overriding grade and PVI elevations 5 2 5 PVI Intensity In our example we work with relatively slow design speed This results in shorter minimum tangent length In order to avoid an excessive amount of PVI
4. 13 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline General Borrow Waste Profile Options gt Optimization Options Few PVis Soluti TE Maximum solving time Minutes Figure 17 Optimization Options 3 4 1 Number of earthwork sections The number of equally spaced earthwork sections that are going to be used along the horizontal axis An earthwork section is a section along the profile that is considered to be assigned to an earthwork crew for excavation and embankment Hauling is considered as free inside the section i e hauling is done by equipment that is assigned to that section The length Ls of a section depends on the length L of the alignment and the number n of earthwork sections defined Hence Ls L n General Borrow Waste Profile Options gt Optimization Options Figure 18 Earthwork sections If a section cannot balance fill and cuts i e there is a demand or a surplus of material the needed quantities are hauled in or out from or to other sections Hauling costs are computed between sections and depend on the length of sections 14 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline 3 4 2 Intensity of PVIs For a given ground surface the optimization algorithm creates PVI s automatically It approximates the ground surface with tangents and the intersection points of these tangents are the initial PVI s The PVI Intensity controls the balance of number of lines vs close app
5. E EE E ee ee 15 3 4 4 Maximum solving time sien ssiansicinanaa siusinnsaiteuanaesedusidanmoivunassatesnasstauanaish alitshosidneataasiiewemadianina 15 3 4 5 HO SIO I categorie ocqer aces E E E A A N E EE IEE 15 4 Results and IMPO scins aa 17 4 1 POF RODO ee E A EE E E EE 17 4 2 AP OO e e ee E E E 19 4 3 Land XML Profile susesi ee ee ee 21 4 4 LOOO ceee A E E E E 22 5 Using Profile Offsets A Case Stud y ccccccsseesessesceseeseeseeceneesenseseeneesenees 24 5 1 Preparing the Drawing c ccccccccssssceccssseecceesececeeeeecseececseuseeeseaeeessageeessagseestesseesssageeeeas 24 5 2 First Submission with Parameter Changes cccccccssseeeeeeceeeeeceeeseeeeeeeeeesaaeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeas 25 5 2 1 DO CSIOT SO CC ashe coeannescnbeae hacen teteetacas casneneaaseaneauonsaunaeaneaenantnatnenseteanesneesenseneqeansantecenes 25 5 2 2 Surface Profile SOICCHON sigo aa a E E 25 5 2 3 MAXIMUM Grade uu sccccccsecccccseeeccnsseecesauecessueeessssseeessaeeessaeeecessseeessaeeeessaneeeessneeeessaes 26 5 2 4 Slan ahd End FPV elevans aicaatee causa tats oes irn n E tou sacceanoee scam acasccenetaeacteass 26 5 2 5 PVE HM CIGNY o eE E E E EE EE EEEE EEEE E EE 27 5 3 Import and Analysis Of Volumes ccccscccccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeseeesseuseessaeseeeseaueeesaneessnageees 27 5 4 Change of Excavation COST wccccsinccnesassacansesededattedaxextesedenestanaxendstedessenadseicdaandexaneiaceaddasaleacets 29 6 CO a AA AA 31 6 1 CO SC ON a EE
6. Elevation Curve Length 1 0 00 39 91 0 00 3 326 23 35 05 242 87 2 104 37 35 19 200 84 4 483 41 43 43 0 00 Figure 22 PDF Report top The earthwork plan shows an optimal haul schedule for each soil layer see Figure 23 An arrow from one section to another section indicates a hauling move The quantity of the corresponding soil material is given above the arrow Double headed arrows inside a section indicate earthwork volumes that occur inside the section Green arrows indicate borrow quantities blue arrows indicate waste quantities Quantities are approximations and might not be as accurate as the Civil 3D Volume Report 18 Section 4 Results and Import Total Earthwork Cost 2 EARTHWORK INFORMATION 55330 21 Max Section Length 48 34 Num Earthwork Sections 10 Num Waste Pits 1 Num Earthwork Sub Sections 324 Num Borrow Pits 1 2 1 Earthwork for Surface Layer 1 Layer Name EG Surface 1 Excavation cost 2 340 Volume Unit cubic meter Load cost 1 430 Reusability Factor 1 00 Haul cost 0 000 Cum Cut 20699 56 Embankment cost 3 370 Cum Fill 20699 56 Waste cost 0 750 Net Volume 0 00 Borrow cost 2 100 C Program Files Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D 2012 Help Civil Tutorials Drawings Profile 1 dwg 4 2 ASCII Profile 1 684 ses 183 vse ee 1412 a 708 523 a 499 674 2389 2629 395 1091 sats J 7 rn 1061 Figure 23 Earthwork plan The ASCIlI Solution txt file contains the profile in A
7. Job with a Single EG Centerline Select an Existing Ground EG surface profile see Figure 11 For multiple horizontal alignments in the same drawing select the ground profile for which you wish to receive a vertical road profile Multiple soil layers can be handled by the optimization algorithm Make sure that you select only ground layer surfaces that are for the same horizontal alignment Selecting ground surfaces from different alignments may produce wrong results In the wizard you are also able to select ground offsets in order to provide more accurate volume computations We will discuss this functionality in Section 0 gt General Signout valentin koch autodesk com Borrow Waste Select output format V ASCII Profile Options a V LandXML Optimization Options Reusable Factor Earthwork Cost Table w HERE Click to edit Figure 11 Existing ground surface Enter a reusability factor r lt 1 0 see Figure 12 The reusability factor is the percentage of material from the selected ground layer that can be re used for earthwork fill operations For example if we have two different ground layers overburden and rock we can set the factor for overburden to 1 0 and for rock to 0 5 This means that 100 of overburden material from a cut can be re used in fills However only 50 of rock from a cut can be used in fills 9 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline gt General Signout valenti
8. LLLSA LLL Lc If we look at the Volume Report for this alignment we note the following quantities Volume Cumulative Cut 13 121 Cumulative Fill 10 950 Cumulative Net 2 170 If you decide to do comparisons with your own drawings please make sure that you modify your drawings according to the points described above Since the original drawing is not constraint based we have to override some of the default parameters in order to obtain a meaningful comparison We derive the design speed from the maximum grade in the original design If we take the two end points of the vertical curves at position 849 39 111 21 and 697 19 100 143 we obtain a grade of 7 27 This approximately corresponds to a design speed of 30 mph Select all of the 21 Surface Profiles in the surface selection of the wizard see Figure 32 25 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets gt General Signout valentin koch autodesk com Borrow Waste Profile Options Optimization Options Surface Reusable Factor Earthwork Cost Table ve V EG Centerline 1 0000 Click to edit ve Existing Ground Surface 30 000 5 1 0000 Ma V Existing Ground Surface 20 000 6 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 10 000 7 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 10 000 8 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 20 000 9 1 0000 ve V Existing Ground Surface 30 000 10 1 0000 ve Existing Ground Surface 40 000 14 1 0000
9. of the imported profile can be seen in Figure 26 with PVI s at the beginning and end and PVI s in between the endpoints indicated by the upwards arrows 20 Section 4 Results and Import Figure 26 Imported ASCII Profile 4 3 LandXML Profile To import the solution into via LandXML follow the steps below 1 Save the LandXML solution file to disk 2 Open a new drawing in Civil 3D 3 On the Insert ribbon in the Import section click the LandXML button see Figure 27 Home Annotate Import Figure 27 Importing LandXML 4 Select the saved LandXML file 5 Inthe LandXML import dialog click on Edit LandXML Settings see Figure 28 21 Section 4 Results and Import Alignments Site E lt None gt v as Parcels Site ER Ste poi Imperial angularUnit decimal degrees areaUnit squareFoot diameterUnit inch directionUnit decimal degrees Project name C Program Files Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D 2012 Help Civil Tutorials Drawings Mass Haul 2 dwe B N Feature 2 Application desc Civil 3D manufacturer Autodesk Inc manufacturerURL www autodesk com civil name AutoC Alignments name 1 Alignment desc length 1658 626221424406 name Basic Road staStart 0 2 Profile name Basic Road 2 Figure 28 Edit LandXML Settings 6 Inthe LandXML Settings under Conflict Resolution Settings change the Conflict Resolution to append see Figure 29 Property Tra
10. AutoCAD Civil 3D 2012 Vertical Profile Optimization on the Cloud User Manual January 2012 Autodesk Table of Contents 1 BAAN n 2 tata eset aie as ted A aout decade N AE E 3 2 EEEL EE atresia need E ina P EEEN E POENE T A A A E ET AET PE ATT 4 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Center line cccccesseesseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenenees 6 3 1 Genie lal Parametrs sszdctccctnonsaansaaciaaianse ssdabaiadadnapratecbaeaatadntboetaiaadpeninsaietsthanantsdpeebeloutaaananes 6 3 2 OO W AW Ase eee aweseetiiave drained naathal maansamsinuness oiekertrnanseal meseeetenaamey 10 3 3 Prone DUONG ce cere soe savesteciondanssisacdanteaensstesaeasheeseduedeesacioosclooinsetaenessbqssodseanignnceceeeassantteauecs 11 3 3 1 Maximum Grad E sascha erate sete ca cid eat inp et ess EA da ERE EEEE EE 12 3 3 2 MDU 1c 6 eee ae E ns ee ee ee 12 3 3 3 Minimum Tangent Length cccccceccccsssscccnsesecccseueeecsacsecensunesecsaseeesacsesensanesensanssessans 13 3 3 4 Fix first and last PVI elevation scccccsssecccnseeecccsauseecnscsescnsasecesacsesesaauesensausssssaueseess 13 3 4 Optimization Options cccccdesercssedceacdesesencdasdcescsiencavaneneqevdeiesceacacadecpnieweexdeapeeevasdencencaendisaeeients 13 3 4 1 Number of earthwork sectionS ccccccccseesecccssseseccssasueseeessasesecessaueaeeeesssuessesssaaansees 14 3 4 2 IMENS Of VAS wivinarin dest ntpatnamnatact sinter niin ei EEE r air Ra E EE E ETE E E E aA 15 3 4 3 SoUNon PrO SIO eere
11. E E A EE EAEE EEEE 31 6 2 Mass Haul and Volume Reports cccccccsseececceseeeeceeeeesseeeeeseeeeeesseeeeeesaeeeeeseeseeeeseeeeeeas 31 1 Introduction The geometric design of a road is a crucial part in any highway construction project Once fixed the design determines largely the construction costs An optimal vertical road profile with respect to earthwork cost follows the ground surface as close as possible The closer the road is to the ground profile the fewer earthwork needs to be done in order to cut or fill sections of the road However due to design constraints like slope grade changes vertical curve length etc it is not always possible to follow the ground surface Finding the road profile that minimizes the construction costs subject to design constraints is a process that we call profile design optimization Traditionally the design of road profiles is done manually by engineers using a mass diagram In this approach the vertical profile is evaluated with an integration of the earthwork volumes between the road profile and the ground surface The integral can be plotted by hand or with the help of software After visual inspection of the mass diagram the engineer changes the profile and re computes the volumes This process is repeated until a satisfying solution is found There are several disadvantages using the mass diagram approach e The mass diagram does not provide a real cost for a given design e The m
12. ENN C27 PEP TT TASS Figure 36 Optimized solution for Mass Haul 2 dwg From the new Mass Haul diagram we can see that the optimizer created a solution that is nearly balanced The comparison of the volumes in the Civil 3D Volume Report with the volumes given in the Profile Optimization Report are shown in Table 4 Table 4 Volume differences between Civil 3D and Optimizer Civil 3D Volume Optimizer Volume Cumulative Cut 9 953 9 562 Cumulative Fill 9 537 9 562 Cumulative Net 415 0 28 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets There is a difference of 415 yd mostly in the cut volumes One reason for the volume discrepancy is the use of earthwork sections The beginning or the end of an earthwork section can fall between sample lines In such a case the optimizer places an additional sample line at the endpoint of the earthwork section which results in more sample lines on the server side 5 4 Change of Excavation Cost Using the default parameters the optimizer will always try to produce a balanced solution This is based on the optimizer s assumption that default borrow and waste pits are located 500 0 or 500 0 meters from Station 0 0 0 Hence the hauling of excessive waste to that pit location is more expensive than using cut material along the road If we want to use more cut material from outside we can influence the optimization by increasing the excavation cost In our study we submit the problem again with identical par
13. O YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT AGREEMENT mas EST Coe ea eS TUT E ATT ed eR OT PAP OT Oe OAT TCR AT RKIT OFM i I accept the License Agreement I donot accept the License Agreement lt Back Figure 2 License Agreement 4 Section 2 Installation 4 Select AutoCAD Civil 3D 2012 and click on Install see Figure 3 Figure 3 Civil 3D version 5 When the install is completed click Finish see Figure 4 Press Finish to exit Cancel Figure 4 Finish install 5 Section 2 Installation 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline The current algorithm estimates a road width based on the chosen design speed If a single EG centerline is used the cross sections will be approximated with the assumption that there are retaining walls on either side of the road Hence using a single EG centerline only no offsets may not produce as accurate results However the solving process is significantly faster without the use of offsets In this section we discuss the use of a single EG centerline only In the single EG centerline mode we submit an EG profile and let the optimization service create an entirely new profile For the following example we use the file at In order to submit a job we need to provide at least one EG centerline Figure 5 shows the Silverstar Tutorial 1 dwg example with a finished EG centerline 1 Launch the
14. SCII format This file can be imported with the Profile creation tools in Civil 3D PDD Save the file to your local drive In the Civil 3D Home ribbon select Profile gt Create Profile from File see Figure 24 Select the file that you saved before Confirm the import dialog see Figure 25 19 Section 4 Results and Import Gmo E Modify Analyze View Output Manage Help Online Add Ins Express Tools Data ey Parcel case Alignment a Intersections j ix Profile View will od cae z te 3 Feature Line Profile Assembly Sample Lines a S Fete Line BE asemoy gt Sampletines 47 O E Man i hd X Aiia i n X E bd amp Grading se Create Surface Profile on Ae J 2 ay P Profile Creation Tools Top 2D V Pe en z Create Best Fit Profile Vs Create Profile from File h Create Profile from File Quick Profile Creates a profile from an external file xX Create Superimp You can create a profile from an external ASCI file that contains a series of stations along an alignment the elevation of each p station and optionally the length of curve at the station Create Profile fra a CreateProfileFromFile Press F1 for more help Figure 24 Create Profile from File Profile style Ma Design Sie Profile layer C ROAD PROF Profile label set aone GG Figure 25 Create Profile from ASCII The result
15. Z Cs 1061 10 cu meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil Type 0 from Section 9 to Type 0 from Section 9 2755 18 cu 410 69 cu 3021 31 cu meter of Soil PDE isss 62 951 3 262262715e 02 TATA T 2 0 meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil 2388 86 cu meter of Soil 2629 37 cu meter of Soil meter of Soil meter of Soil fmax 00 42 8 9 S999302 f inf 2 930685222e 03 1 798274134e 03 807882002e 00 313989516e 00 500803563e 00 087946149e 00 2 008417832e 02 5 533168543e 04 Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Section 0 2174 92 cu meter of Soil Type 0 from Section ter of Soil Type 0 from Sec ter of Soil Type 0 from Sec Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Section 3 to Section 4 Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Section 5 Type 0 from Section 6 Type 0 from Sect Type 0 from Sect meter of Soil Type 0 from Section 8 to Section 7 Type 0 from Section 8 Type 0 from Section 9 to Section 6 tion 0 tion 0 tion 1 tion 1 tion 2 tion 3 tion 4 tion 7 tion 8 Create solution email for valentin koch autodesk com 2 4286608909e 02 to Section 2 to Section 4 to Section 5 0 to Section 0 to Section 2 to Section 1 to Section 2 to Section 3 to Section 4 to Section 5 to Section 6
16. ameters as in Section 5 2 except for the hauling costs In our new submission we set them to 5 80 yd see Figure 37 gt General Signout valentin koch autodesk com Borrow Waste i Select output format f 7 ASCII Profile Options amp Earthwork Cost Table Excavation cost cu yd Optimiza Load cost cu yd Haul cost cu yd 1 mile Embankment cost e u yd Waste cost u yd Borrow cost Ma Existing Ground Surface 1 0000 Next gt Figure 37 New excavation costs The import of the new solution results in the Mass Haul diagram in Figure 38 The volumes are given in Table 5 Table 5 Volumes with high excavation costs Civil 3D Volume Optimizer Volume Cumulative Cut 8 445 8 189 Cumulative Fill 9 732 9 840 Cumulative Net 1 287 1 651 29 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets cab Figure 38 Mass Haul after solution with higher cut costs 30 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets 6 Limitations 6 1 Cross Sections If a single EG centerline only is used the current version of the profile optimization algorithm uses rectangles to approximate cross sections In other words the optimization algorithm assumes that there exist retaining walls along the alignment Hence the user has to be aware of the following implications 1 Ifa single EG centerline is used the result is an optimal centerline with respect to
17. ass diagram considers uni directional earthwork only It does not account for earthwork that could start on either end of the road e The mass diagram does not account for different costs such as excavation embankment load borrow and waste e The mass diagram cannot combine multiple surface layers in combination with cut and fills e The mass diagram approach is a manual approach that is not able to incorporate design constraints automatically e Due to timely and budgetary constraints a final alignment is often chosen from a small selection of possible solutions In the cloud based vertical profile optimization we address all the above shortcomings of the mass diagram with a new Cloud based algorithm To access this service the user needs to use the Profile Optimization Wizard which comes as a Civil 3D extension The installation instructions for the extension are given in Section 2 PVI s are created automatically and the vertical and horizontal position of these PVPs are optimized with respect to total earthwork cost The algorithm can handle multiple ground surface layers with different earthwork costs and incorporates borrow and waste pits for different materials In our algorithm only the Existing Ground EG centerline is needed for input However submission of additional centerline offsets may result in more accurate volume approximations and therefore potentially better solutions In Section 3 we explain how to use the si
18. d at Station 0 0 These pits have infinite capacity but incur considerable costs compared to locally added pits General gt Borrow Waste Add a Borow Dump Site Remove Selected Site Surface Station Dead Haul Capacity Profile Options Optimization Options Figure 14 Borrow Waste pits 3 3 Profile Options The Profile Options window allows us to override the design constraints that are taken from AASHTO 2001 see Figure 15 A detailed description of each parameter follows below 11 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline General E Maximum grade 5 33 B iWaste Stren tas E Minimum grade 6 20 gt Profle Options E Minimum tangent length 62 500m Optimization Options E Fix first PVI elevation at E Fis last FVI elevation at Figure 15 Profile options 3 3 1 Maximum Grade Maximum grade defines the maximum vertical slope in decimals greater equal to zero If v denotes the design speed the default maximum slope in decimals grows shrinks linearly with v according to Table 1 and Table 2 Table 1 Maximum slope metric sope Design Speed Table 2 Maximum slope imperial Slope Design Speed 0 07 0 05 70 2 v2 30 0 12 0 07 3 3 2 Minimum Grade The minimum required slope in decimals greater or equal to zero The default value is 0 0 The minimum grade can be increased for draining purposes However the value must be smaller or equal to the Maximu
19. e requested vertical profile optimization Thank you for using Project Silverstar Please take a minute to tell us about your experience and give us your suggestions how we can improve the service to better meet your needs Sincerely The Autodesk Cloud Team Reminder All data and data files contained in the Profile Optimization Results are created as a result of your use of Project Silverstar and are subject to the Pre Release Products Testing Agreement and the Autodesk Cloud Terms of Service you accepted prior to your use of Project Silverstar The data and data files may not be used for competitive analysis or commercial professional or other for profit purposes This is an automated e mail Please do not reply Copyright 2011 Autodesk Inc All rights reserved Autodesk Figure 21 Solution email 4 1 PDF Report The PDF Report contains profile and an earthwork information for the optimal solution Profile information can be seen in Figure 22 Blue dots represent PVI s green dots show the beginning and end of a vertical curve 17 Section 4 Results and Import Autodesk Profile Optimization Report Silverstar Cloud Optimization November 28 2011 1 PROFILE INFORMATION Linear Unit meter Maximum Slope 0 05 Design Speed 100 Minimum Slope 0 00 Length 483 41 Minimum Tangent Length 62 50 Assumed Width 21 90 Assumed Side Slope N A Num Surfaces 1 Num PVT 4 PVI Station Elevation Curve Length PVI Station
20. is is done by a click on the Finish button see Figure 20 Submission On the command console of AutoCAD the following output should appear Exporting Alignments Exporting Profiles Command Command Sending the Request The request was sent successfully 15 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline amp Optimization Wi ma General Borrow Waste Profile Options gt Optimization Options Figure 20 Submission 16 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline 4 Results and Import Currently the solution for a job together with a report and a logfile are sent to the user by email see Figure 21 Profile Optimization Results AEC Civil Inbox If there are problems with how this message is displayed click here to view it in a web browser Tue 12 6 2011 10 14 AM Valentin Koch 4 Message L Profile Optimization Report pdf 72 KB ASCII Solution txt 572 B LandXML Solution xml 190 KB _ Logfile log GO KB Attached to this e mail is a Profile Optimization Report ss a PDF document and If you have problems with the an ASCII solution file for profile import in AutoCAD Civil3D If requested there is content in this email please contact also a LandXML solution file attached Autodesk Services amp Support Autodesk Cloud Profile Optimization Results Dear Silverstar User Attached is the Profile Optimization Report and the data solution files for th
21. ll Cost table Excavation Load cost Haul cost percent 00 End 0 1 000 cost 2 1 4300 0 0000 Embankment Waste cost Borrow cos cost 3 0 7500 t 2 100 65836 3957 hist dev 62 5000 21 9000 0 0000 0 10 324 14 8490 483 4128 0 3400 3700 0 obj val sigma 0 6 58 8 6 46 64 5 7 70 5 6 LIG 864 871 930 936 5 ooo 3639568e 04 1731007e 04 48920532e 0 08999251e 0 1 000000000e 01 1 000000000e 01 4 1 4536760911e 01 4 1 453676911e 01 5 556844006e 04 533154441e 04 2 933137229e 04 2 533048183e 04 1 533031343e 04 oe 92959950767 52959950 76 j r in 971384912e 669340003e 669340003e 00 00 00 00 00 Function value history tolerance reach Total i Total Solving x 1 043 f Optimal teration 1 evaluation 4 430000000e 02 time 706358e 02 5 533020753e 04 Solution PVI s O 0 10 32 48 2 3 Earthwo Earthwo Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Move Generat 39291 Te 4 4 35 1 6 2 35 0 4 0 9 5 3 4 43 43 rk cost rk plan 68 3 99 CU 163 539 261 1412 00 cu 60 90 cu me 8 61 cu me O T TO GU 522 76 cu 498 89 cu ETI yl Cis 394 63 cu 1091 16 cu 20n YU
22. m Grade Overriding the default value in the case of a single EG centerline no offsets will result in an optimization problem that needs significantly more time to solve than the one using no minimum slope 12 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline 3 3 3 Minimum Tangent Length The minimum length required for a tangent between 2 PVPs If vis the design speed the default value for the minimum tangent length in meter is 0 625 v if vis given in km h or 3 v if vis given in mph 3 3 4 Fix first and last PVI elevation The user can fix the elevation of the first PVI i e the beginning of the road and or the elevation of the last PVI i e the end of the road The unit is according to the linear unit used in the drawing see Figure 16 If at the same time the maximum grade is given the optimization wizard will check if the fixed PVI elevations can actually be reached with that maximum grade If not a tooltip will be show that asks for a feasible configuration see Figure 16 General Maximum grade B te Hoo i E Minimum grade Profile Options E Minimum tangent length Optimization Options Fix first PVI elevation at Fix last PWI elevation at Figure 16 Fix initial PVI 3 4 Optimization Options The Optimization Options window allows for changes of parameters that guide the optimization process see Figure 17 Optimization Options A detailed description of each option follows below
23. n koch autodesk com Borrow Waste Select an alignment Select output format 5 First Street ASCII Profile Options v D S j LandXML Optimization Options 100 km h Select existing surfaces Surface Reusable a Earthwork Cost Table Waa EG Surface 1 1 000 Click to edit Figure 12 Reusability factor 8 Change the earthwork cost table see Figure 13 The earthwork costs per surface are given in dollars per cubic unit cubic feet for a design using imperial measures cubic meters for metric measures The cost table can be seen in Figure 13 gt General Signout valentin koch autodesk com Borrow Waste Select output format ASCII LandXML Finish Figure 13 Earthwork table 3 2 Borrow Waste Similar to a Mass Haul diagram we can add borrow and waste pits in the Borrow Waste window see Figure 14 In order to add a pit we use the Add a Borrow Dump Site button We then edit 10 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline the Station to indicate the position where the access road to the pit joins the road on the x axis of the profile The Dead Haul is the length of the access road hence the distance of the pit to the station that we added before Finally the capacity indicates a borrow or a waste pit Positive capacity is borrow negative capacity means waste For every profile optimization problem there are already default borrow and waste pits joining the roa
24. ngle EG centerline approach Section 5 covers the method of using additional Profile Offsets The solution is provided in formats that are ready to be imported into Civli 3D together with an earthwork plan for the cheapest hauling scheme Section 4 shows how the solutions are imported and Section 6 shows the limitations of the algorithm 3 Section 1 Introduction 2 Installation 1 Launch the Profile Optimizer for Civil 3D 2012 C3DProfileOpt2012 exe 2 Inthe installer window click Next see Figure 1 Welcome to the AutoCAD Civil 3D Profile Optimization Installation Wizard Itis strongly recommended that you exit all Windows programs before running this installation wizard Click Cancel to quit the installation wizard and dose any programs you have running Click Next to continue with the installation wizard WARMING This program is protected by copyright law and international teates Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil and criminal penalties and will be J i PE osecuted to the maximum extent possible under law Autodesk Figure 1 Start installation 3 If you accept the License Agreement click Next see Figure 2 AutoCAD Civil 3D License Agreement You must agree with the license agreement below to proceed Autodesk SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT U S Canada READ CAREFULLY AUTODESK INC AUTODESK LICENSES THIS SOFTWARE T
25. nslation Rotation Point Import Settings Surface Import Settings Pipe Network Import Settings El Conflict Resolution Settings Default Diameter Units E Alignment Import Settings Element Constraint Assignment Figure 29 LandXML conflict resolution 7 Click OK in the LandXML Settings followed by OK in the Import LandXML dialog 4 4 Logfile The logfile is a verbatim output of the optimization algorithm It contains the information of the job and shows the optimization iterations Below is a copy of an example logfile usr local bin vertopt var spool vertopt 2vLFUs2kecj1U input xml var spool vertopt 2vLFUs2kecj1U input_ solution txt var spool vertopt 2vLFUs2kecj1U input_solution xml var spool vertopt 2vLFUs2kecj1U input_solution tex Process file var spool vertopt 2vLFUs2kecj1U input xml 22 Section 4 Results and Import C Program Files Autodesk AutoCAD Civil Linear unit EG Surface x0 eval Length ProfSurfs PVI s O 1 2 3 meter 483 4 1 4 0 0000 42 2803 126 2319 35 5479 305 3804 38 1552 483 4128 47 0853 Design speed Max slope Min slope 3D 2012 Help Civil 13 Q L 0000 113 6087 160 2292 100 0 053 0 000 L L J L 3 0 0 0000 Min tangent Road width Side slope Use cross sections Earth sections Earth sub Waste pits Borrow pits Sec SLSQ penalty 1 Start 0 00 Soil type Fi
26. of the road You will need to adapt your assemblies accordingly 2 You should not use a Mass Haul diagram to quantify a solution from the optimization algorithm with a manual solution The optimization algorithm uses fixed earthwork sections and assumes free hauling within these sections A Mass Haul diagram places free haul sections dynamically having the center of the section at a balance point of the diagram Furthermore the optimization algorithm uses hauling costs that depend on the hauling distance The Mass Haul diagram considers volumes only Hence the two methods are not really suitable for comparisons 31 Section 6 Limitations
27. on either side 10 0 apart 100 0 90 0 80 0 0 0 80 0 90 0 100 0 The number of offsets can be chosen by the user More offsets result in more accurate volumes 2 The optimization engine uses sample line distances of 50 0 imperial or 10 0 meter metric The sample lines are equally spaced over the whole alignment We adapted the sample line distance in the drawing for closer match of the Civil 3D volume computations with the volume approximations of the optimization engine 3 When using offsets the optimization engine assumes a Simple Assembly as shown in Figure 30 with two straight lanes and simple daylights with cut slope of 2 1 and fill slope of 4 1 The lane width depends on the design speed At low speeds 36 0 is accounted for the top of the assembly trapezoid At high speeds the total width assumed is 108 0 The optimizer does not account for pavement Hence we modified the assembly and the sub assemblies to use simple lines See Figure 30 SU UU oot tt ETT ETT ET EEE T 20 000 eo L PE EE ed mm 10 000 nA H Top Z 103 554 el tH pam Z sst SSE amp Existing Ground Z 92 294 a na men ee a OP a Figure 30 Updated cross section assembly 4 The profile view of the drawing with offsets looks like Figure 31 24 Section 5 Using Profile Offsets PROFILE VIEWS BASK ROAD PY 1 SCALE 4 DATUM 80 00 PRSS zee peal eae OOE CRER ORORLILILL SPELL e RPL
28. optimization wizard from the AutoCAD Toolbox Select Autodesk Labs Technology Previews gt Profile Optimization for AutoCAD gt Profile Optimization see Figure 6 2 A login window appears see Figure 7 Silverstar is an Autodesk Cloud service Hence you need to enter a valid Autodesk Account login and password If you don t have an account yet please visit to create an account at no cost Once you entered your credentials the optimization wizard should appear as shown in Figure 8 6 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline E Reports Manager z Subscription Extension Manager ba E Miscellaneous Utilities O i Autodesk Labs Technology Previews Profile Optimization for AutoC AD Civil 3D techno iA Figure 6 Toolbox launcher Autodesk Account Sign In Autodesk ID or email address valentin koch autodesk com Password ITITI For Our password Need an Autodesk ID Figure 7 Autodesk Cloud login 4 Intimization gt JUMAL b gt General Signout valentin koch autodesk com Borrow Waste Select an alignment Select output format 2D First Street ASCII TR EEA V LandXML 100 km h Profile Options Optimization Options Select existing surfaces Surface Reusable Factor Earthwork Cost Table M4 C EG Surface 1 1 000 Click to edit Figure 8 Optimization Wizard The account e mail is shown on the top left see Figure 8 The sol
29. roximation of the ground Currently we do not support fixed numbers of PVPs If there is a need for an exact number we may consider this as a feature for future versions on General Number of earthwork sections Borrow Waste Intensity of PVls Profile Options gt Optimization Options Few PVis Solution precision Maximum solving time Minutes Figure 19 PVI Intensity 3 4 3 Solution precision The optimal solution is computed with respect to earthwork and hauling costs The cost value is given in dollars and is visible in the PDF report The solution precision is a dollar value that is related to that cost For example if the solution precision is set to 0 5 5 the algorithm continues to look for a better profile configuration until the cost for a number of adjustments to the best profile does not change the cost by more than 5 Hence the smaller this precision the longer it takes to solve but the more precise is the optimal solution 3 4 4 Maximum solving time The maximum allowed solving time is another stopping condition The algorithm will stop after the maximum solving time even if it did not find an optimal solution within the given solution precision The algorithm then returns the current best solution The default value is 60 0 minutes 1 hour For very large problems profiles with lengths of 40 km and more the solving time should be increased 3 4 5 Submission The final step is to submit the job Th
30. to Section 7 to Section 5 to Section 8 Section 7 to Section 9 Tutorials Drawings Profile l dwg 23 Section 4 Results and Import 5 Using Profile Offsets A Case Study The use of a single EG centerline as shown in Section 3 can be useful for rough estimates and alignments along flat regions However for designs with alignments along steep slopes and other terrain that results in highly irregular cross sections Profile Offsets can be used to increase the accuracy of earth volume approximations Solutions using Profile Offsets can be significantly better than solutions that use the EG centerline only However the increased accuracy usually requires more solving time This section explains how to use Profile Offsets Although comparing the Mass Haul diagram with the optimized earthwork solution is not recommended as explained in Section 6 we still would like to see how an optimized solution could affect the Mass Haul diagram of the previous solution Hence we will look at the change of the Mass Haul diagram when switching from the original to an optimized solution 5 1 Preparing the Drawing For the following example we use the file at http labs blogs com Silverstar Silverstar Tutorial 2 dwg The file is from the Civil 3D tutorial for Mass Haul diagrams For meaningful comparison we made the following changes 1 Using the Create Surface Profile tool from Civil 3D we added 20 offsets to the EG centerline 10
31. ution will be sent to this address The solution e mail will contain a PDF report with the PVI configurations and earthwork estimates Additionally the user will receive the solution in an ASCII and a LandXML data file that can be imported into a Civil 3D drawing see Figure 9 To opt out of the additional formats you can simply uncheck them 7 Section 3 Submitting a Job with a Single EG Centerline Select an alignment 23 First Street Design Speed Optimization Options 100 km h Select existing surfaces Surface Reusable Factor Earthwork Cost Table ve EG Surface 1 1 000 Click to edit Figure 9 Output format 5 Ifa design speed is defined for the alignment the optimization wizard will read this speed into the Design Speed textbox see Figure 10 If no design speed is found you need to provide a valid speed The design speed will be taken in the unit of the Civil 3D drawing mph or km h Design speeds will be rounded on the server side to multiples of 5 when mph or multiple of 10 when km h The server side optimization uses AASHTO 2001 design guidelines for the given design speed Some of the design constraints can be overridden as we show in a later step Signout valentin koch autodesk com Surface Reusable Factor Earthwork Cost Table has C EG Surface 1 1 000 Click to edit Figure 10 Design speed 8 Section 3 Submitting a
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