Home

3D GeoModeller Tutorial Case Study J

1. 2D _ amp Explore HF Define physical properties aooo 7 sr 2000 Ele k J E HoxRoxProject 2D Geophysics x Formations 30 Geophysi cs i Forwar d wiz an d we Dykes A 7 ici e Intrepid Geophysical Worms amp Forward Model Temperature Fae al m 7 E R ca ig Sorte Examine Geophysical Grids Inversion wizard H WA Drillholes Summary voxets from inversion H i 2D Geology a Create movies from inversion rd i Sy Grids and meshes j Results explorer 2 This begins the Forward Model Wizard Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 37 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Forward Model Wizard Source Select the components to calculate during forward modeling Project Name tdcebef7f9_x86 tutorial CaseStudy StartTutorial 3 HotRox_Start_Ex8 xml Browse New case name Casel Create a new case Clone an existing case Fields to compute Temperature Coordinate system END x Y Z On this first page you can e Set the forward model case and run e Clone an existing case if you have one With case cloning you can quickly reuse parameters when you only wish to change a few for comparison e Set the fields to compute Only Temperature should be available in this instance Check the Temperature box and give a case name then choose Next to m
2. EN Vertical BM Horizont il EN Tempera EE Thermal 2 die A dh dh pf i D ue i ue i hy tt j Aa t D 3 This will open the Iso Values dialog box Choose Interval from the Iso values ae Temperature Hide all views of this field Field Visualisation Manager Appearance Edit Colours and Clips Display color table Contouring Histogram Visual Filter Gutenberg Richter Plot Polynomial approximation Cross plot with b Multi crossplot with Multifield analysis Delete i 7 Properties l ml 9 button group and enter a value of 50 as the interval The dialog should appear something like the one shown here Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top Contents Help Top ap Iso Values Temperature Color scale 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 Tutorial case study J Geothermal 52 lt 4 Back gt Iso values Type isa dass gt Number iso Interval Number of Iso contours y so surface Iso surface2 Iso surface3 Iso surface4 ly Fd close 4 Click on the OK button to set the iso surface values 5 Open The MeshGrid Field Visualisation Manager via the context menu of the MeshGrid field i 30 Geology Grids and meshes S ThermalProducts 14 Lithology
3. Help Top 4 Back gt Again this opens the Drillhole Properties table for a drillhole 3 Drillhole Properties Drillhole HRW1 Lithalagy From Type To Type 129 9 Constraint Constraint 0 9 Mill LPalaeozoic 4 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRL S Tutorial J3 Geo register the Geology Map Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal J3 Steps Parent topic Tutorial J3 Geo register the Geology Map Contents Help Top Existing geology maps and sections are an important source of geology data These are easily geo registered onto sections and geology contacts can be digitised In this tutorial we geo register the geology map on to the project s TopoMap Section In this section e J3 Steps 1 Ifitis not already open open your project MyHotRox_01 2 Save anew copy of your project with a new name From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As A or press CTRLtSHIFT S In the Save the project dialog box change the name from MyHotRox_01 to MyHotRox_03 and then choose Save 3 In TopoMap in the 2D Viewer from the shortcut menu right click choose Image Manager 4 Inthe Image Manager dialog box choose New to launch the Edit and Align Image tool 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case st
4. 14 Frontier 1 Modifiable EE ThermalConductivity i Lead HeatProductionRate l ey emperaturg i S28 Temperature pe EN VerticalHeati a Led VerticalTeme J Hide all views of this field By Appearance dls Edit Colours and Clips E Display color table Z Contouring iki Histogram Visual Filter id Gutenberg Richter Plot Polynomial approximation Le Cross plot with Paes Multi crossplot with H Multifield analysis 3 Delete fe Properties la sg HorizontalTe ai Field Visualisation Manager A 6 In the vialualisation manager check the View isosurfaces in 3D check box 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 53 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt ap Iso values x 3D Grid 3D View 3D Points 3D Volume C View grid in 3 Sections view Sections View on section View on Section in 30 All m TopoMap sRL 1000 sRL 2000 E E i Parameters Edit Colours and Clips ox av aot Ed one Display color table Contouring r S nne na m Make sure all other views are unchecked and choose OK to close the dialog and display the 1so surfaces J8 Stage 9 Data Statistics of a MeshGrid Contents Help Top MeshGrid data can also be analysed using histograms cross plots multi field analysis a
5. Viewer Tutorial J3 Geo register the Geology Map Existing geology maps and sections are easily geo registered and contacts digitised We geo register the geology map on the TopoMap surface section Tutorial J4 Add Geology 1 Create a Formation Update Stratigraphy We want to add the LateGranitel intrusive to our geology model We must first create a geology object and update the stratigraphic pile Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model We can now digitise the LateGranitel contact and build a revised 3D geology model And again examine the 3D geology model in 2D and 3D views Tutorial J6 Import Drillhole Data and Recompute the Model We import data for three drillholes and project the drillhole geology onto vertical cross sections Note the inconsistency between the new data and the existing 3D model and consider the implications Introduce a new fault to the project compute the new 3D geology model Again examine the 3D geology model in 2D and 3D views Perform Geothermal Modelling Parent topic Tutorial J7 Add the Geothermal Physical Property Data Course Structure We now add geothermal physical property data for each geology unit the thermal conductivities and heat production rates Tutorial J8 Compute Geothermal Solutions Set up boundary conditions and compute in situ temperatures throughout the volume of our 3D geology model Examine the results for temperature and other temperature
6. Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 35 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 11 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H Tutorial J8 Compute geothermal solutions Parent topic In this tutorial we eae oe Run the Geothermal Forward Modelling Wizard Geothermal Set model parameters using the wizard Visualise the 3D results within GeoModller Examine Colour tables and Data Clipping of MeshGrids using the results Examine Contours and Iso Surfaces of MeshGrids using the results O oo W N Examine the Data Statistics of the results J8 Stage 1 Project Setup Parent topic J8 Stage 1 Steps Tutorial J8 ae l l Compute 1 Ifitis not already open open your project MyHotRox_07 or the supplied start geothermal point 3D GeoModeller project for Tutorial J8 solutions From the main menu choose Project gt Open or from the toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJ8 HotRox Start Ex8 xml 2 Save acopy of this project in your own data area From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As Save your project work as MyHotRox_08 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder J8 Stage 2 Forward Model
7. GeoModeller1 3 x Build tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJ1 HotRox_Start_Ex1 xml Choose Open Save your own copy of this project so that you don t accidentally overwrite the original project files From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the Project toolbar choose Save As gj or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyHotRox_01 in a folder outside the original 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 5 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt StartTutorial folder For example one folder up GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ Use Windows Explorer to review the files that make up the 3D GeoModeller project You can see that you have created a folder called MyHotRox_01 within which are all of the files that constitute this 3D geology project These also use the base filename MyHotRox_01 J1 Discussion Parent topic Examine the main elements of the 3D GeoModeller workspace Tutorial J1 Load the HotRox 3D GeoModeller GeoModefler P ject HomBowProfect D GeoModelle _ sMMiHotRox HotRor Shes Oro fects ibotRon ShortCourses1 Project Setin Geology lepot Model jibe Epot Window Help Project Projet Sarti chal Paris List Editar Minja FeEeBRBSB us gr f Yy aurk aji Be b aBd adiau l E T f JD Vire Lii rail kd a Fi bou gad 2 Hv Ber oe Figure 2 Main elements of
8. Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 18 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt 8 Back in the Create or Edit geology series and the stratigraphic pile dialog box e Check that the series are in the correct stratigraphic order with this late stage granite intrusive placed towards the top of LateGranitet Erode the list above the Mafic Dyke and below the marcowe cro I vatcoyre LateGranite Erode LateGranite Late Granite LateGranite2 select the new series and use the Move up and Move down buttons as required e Then Close 9 From the main menu choose Geology gt Stratigraphic Pile Visualise Basin_Miocene Onlap Miocene 10 In the Stratigraphic Pile Viewer dialog box review and then Close 11 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRL S Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal J5 Overview Parent topic Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model Having created a geology object and updated the stratigraphic pile in Tutorial J4 we can now digitise the LateGranitel contact and build a revised 3D geology model In this section e J5 Overview e J5 Stage 1 Digitise the LateGranitel geology contact gt J5 Stage 2 Recompute and visualise in 2D and 3D In this tutorial we 1 Digitise t
9. Temperature Wizard Parent topic J8 Stage 2 Overview Tutorial J8 Compute The heat transport equations we are going to solve make use of 3D GeoModeller s geothermal ability to generate a cartesian voxelised 3D grid of the geology model we already have solutions loaded for this tutorial The 3D temperature approximation then proceeds by an explicit finite difference method which iteratively solves for temperature in every voxel using a Guass Seidel iteration scheme until the sum of the residual errors in C is small or the maximum defined number of iterations 1s met whichever occurs first Providing suitable parameters are entered the point of convergence should represent a 3D temperature model which is in thermal equilibrium steady state having solved for variance and met all the boundary conditions Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top J8 Stage 2 Steps 1 Choose menu Geophysics gt 3D Geophysics gt Forward Model Temperatures Tutorial case study J Geothermal 36 4 Back gt 3 GeoModeller ProjectHoxRoxProject C GeoModeller GeoModeller2 0 0 462dcebet f9_x 6 tutorial CaseStudy StartTutonal Project Edit Section Geology Model Geophysics Interpolation Import Export View Window Research Help E m kd 8 Di 47 Create grid with zero walue field q gt j a F i
10. TopoMap 2D section the Project s geological map Plot the modelled geology on any other 2D cross section Build the 3D shapes of the modelled geology and view in the 3D Viewer 5 Select TopoMap in the 2D Viewer click it From the Model toolbar choose Plot the model settings J or press CTRL D In the Plot the model settings dialog box Check Show lines Choose OK The lines of the modelled geology are plotted on the TopoMap 2D Section map 7 Repeat these steps and plot the modelled geology on some of the vertical cross sections for example sAA Contents Help Top Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRLtS 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 10 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J2 Stage 2 Explore model plotting options Parent topic 1 Experiment with other options in the Plot the model settings dialog box Tutorial J2 Examine the e Check Show fill to plot solid geology sie bes oo e Choose Apply to All sections to plot all open 2D sections and the Geology Model For Show lines or Show fill select or de select various combinations of formations e Choose Show trend lines in combination with Show lines or Show fill e Modify the Plotting resolution from the default u 50 v 50 to say 100 x 100 2 Experiment with the thre
11. a D in 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Temperature 3 By default the statistics are calculated for all geological units However this can be refined to a single geological unit Open the pull down list and select UPalaeozoic Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 55 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 4 The histogram plot should change along with the computed statistics 3P Histogram of Temperature OO Histogram of Temperature Statistics Property Value Total 598 rads o Nuls Max 164 656448 Mean 80 514473 Geo Mean 73 588818 i Z tdDeviaton_ 31 596653 2 18 Ml 80 5173 Si 31 506653 Kurtosis 0 345643 5 ean 80 igma 31 ne a a z Skenness 10 303789 5 Variance 098 348463 a Er m8 F a 6 n 5 4 20 30 40 50 60 70 20 a0 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Temperature Wi loo dN VNo ES ee De cc Bl 5 For the end point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ EndTutorialJ8 EndTutorialJ8s xml Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 56 Contents Help Top 4 Ba
12. and stratigraphic column Figure 3 Consider the rock relationships including e Cross cutting relationships e Timing implications e Conformable sequences From the main menu choose Geology gt Stratigraphic Pile Visualise to open the Stratigraphic Pile Viewer Compare the stratigraphic pile in the 3D GeoModeller Project Figure 4 with the geology map Note the important geological details that are recorded in the stratigraphic pile Figure 4 the chrono stratigraphic order of geological events the onlap or erode relationships etc You may spot that LateGranitel in the geology map is not yet in the model we will add that in Tutorials J4 and J5 Compute the 3D geology model for the Project that we have loaded to be constrained by the geological data existing within the current Project From the Model toolbar choose Compute or press CTRL M In the Compute the Model dialog box Series to interpolate Select All e Faults to interpolate Select All Sections to take into account Select All e Faults only Clear therefore DO compute faults e Choose OK 3D GeoModeller computes the model Nothing to see yet The model is a mathematical model a set of interpolator equations that are computed from the geology contacts and orientation data There is an interpolator equation for each series in the stratigraphic pile and also an equation for each fault _ Cover SA Granite 3 Granite 2 PA Granite 1 GE Mafic Dy
13. contact data using Create geology orientation data in the Structural toolbar or press CTRL R Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 21 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt J5 Stage 2 Recompute and visualise in 2D and 3D Parent topic Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model Contents Help Top J5 Stage 2 Steps From the Model toolbar choose Compute or press CTRL M 2 Inthe Compute the Model dialog box e Note that a new series the LateGranitel is now available to be computed e Clear the Faults only box e Series to interpolate Select All e Faults to interpolate Select All e Sections to take into account Select All e Choose OK 3 From the Model toolbar choose from the available plotting options Plot the model settings or press CTRL D Plot the model on the current section Plot the model on all sections Repeat these steps choosing different options to plot the geology model in different ways on one or more of the sections 4 From the Model toolbar choose Build 3D Formations and Faults 4 Visualise the revised geology model in the 3D Viewer Use the Project Explorer to Show or Hide different formations or units of the 3D geology model 5 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Sa
14. modes e Proportions if more than one mode e Statistical law or distribution type However as noted above the module takes only the mean value for the purpose of forward modelling 3D temperatures Tools for the inversion of potential field data adopt these distributions see Tutorial case study E Forward and inverse modelling of potential field data Change the mean value to 1 5 ignoring all other entries for now Close with the OK button to go back to the physical properties of geological formation dialog Next for heat production rates note that a default value of 1 W m has been assigned to all units However we now have direct measurements indicating that the granite unit should instead be assigned a heat production rate of 15 W m so we edit this now Scroll back up through the geology units Double click within the heat production rate cell for the granite unit and change the mean value to 15 uW m Note you may enter this value in a number of ways depending which units you wish to display in the right hand cell of the Parameters dialogue box for example enter 0 000015 if W m units are selected rather than uW m Now close this dialog box for granite Choose OK which saves your edits and returns you to the Thermal menu of the physical properties table 10 Now close physical properties of geological formation dialogue box Choose OK 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp
15. temperature gradients in the x and y directions J8 Stage 5 Visualising a MeshGrid A MeshGrid in GeoModeller is visualised by its fields A field contains the data which is associated with each primitive of the mesh or grid In V2012 GeoModeller supports the following MeshGrid primitive types Contents Help Top e 3D Voxet grid Cube primitives e 2D Quad grid 2D planar quads which can be located in 2D or 3D space e Triangle Mesh 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 46 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt e Point Observations In the case of this tutorial the primitive type is a voxet 1 To visualise the Temperature field right click on it in the Project Explorer tree ben g 3D Geology Ws Grids and meshes 2 ThermalProducts 14 Lithology 4 Frontier 1 Modifiable Led ThermalConductivity fe Led HeatProductionRate Led ioe ia rye VerticalHeatl Temperature a Led VerticalTemp J Hide all views of this field m rz HorizontalTe ai Field Visualisation Manager Appearance Edit Colours and Clips Display color table die D Z Contouring ihl ihl p Histogram Visual Filter Gutenberg Richter Plot Polynomial approximation Cross plot with k m pte Multi crossplot with Multifield analysis 3 Delete fe Properties A 2 Cho
16. the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJ6 HotRox_Start_Ex6 xml 2 Save a copy of this project in your own data area From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyHotRox_06 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder Load the drillhole data 3 From the main menu choose Import gt Import Drillhole Data gt Import Collars Surveys Geology 3 files 4 In the Load Drillhole CSV dataset dialog box e Browse to the Collar Table file HotRox_DDH Collars csv in the CaseStudyJ Data folder and then use the drop down lists of labelled columns to assign the correct file columns to the fields required by 3D GeoModeller the drillhole s Hole ID its X Y Z collar coordinate and the Hole Depth Similarly browse to the Survey Table file and assign the correct file columns to the required fields e Similarly browse to the Geology Table file and assign the correct file columns to the required fields Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 25 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 5 Choose OK The 3 additional drillholes DDH1 DDH2 and DDHS are now loaded and a brief load report is presented All five drillholes can be displayed in the 3D Viewe
17. the 3D GeoModeller workspace Note in particular e Project Explorer this has a tree structure containing the many objects that make up our 3D geology project Formations Faults Models Sections Drillholes etc e 2D Viewer contains 2D sections This Tutorial J1 project contains several sectlons a special one the geological map view labelled as TopoMap in this project and four vertical cross sections We use the sections for data input and for examining 2D plots of our 3D model 3D Viewer contains the 3D view of our project At this stage it shows only the bounding extents of the project The yellow lines are the outlines of the TopoMap section the topography of the project area in the 3D Viewer and the four vertical sections J1 More information Parent topic Some comments about the 3D GeoModeller project space Tutorial J1 _ Rares gt X East Y North and Z Elevation positive upwards are a standard coordinate HotRox 3D framework according to a right hand rule GeoModeller X Y and Z are all in the same units metres Cannot be degrees of latitude or longitude Project Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 6 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt e Xand Y would typically be real world projected coordinates but could be a local mine grid etc e Zis Elevation and is po
18. until the map view section has been created Since topography defines the natural upper limit of a typical 3D geology model we use a digital terrain model DTM file to correctly define the shape of this special TopoMap section Using the correct topographic shape has geology mapping advantages and we recommend it If a DTM is not available the map view section can simply be a horizontal plane at a specified height We don t recommend this If you don t have your own DTM download DTM data from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission website Once the DTM topography has been loaded and the map view section created called TopoMap in this project the 3D GeoModeller project dimensions cannot be changed Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 7 Contents Help Top Back Tutorial J2 Examine the Project Geology and the 3D Geology Model Parent topic The HotRox_Start_Ex1 3D GeoModeller Project that we have just loaded already ae case has a geological model of most of the HotRox project area Geothermal In this section e J2 Overview gt J2 Stage 1 Compute and view the 3D model gt J2 Stage 2 Explore model plotting options gt J2 Stage 3 Explore the 3D Viewer e J2 Stage 4 Visualising drillholes J2 Overview Parent topic In this tutorial we Tutorial J2 as i Eam ee 1 Examine the geo
19. you need to make to best accommodate the new drillhole data Figure 10 Use the same plotting options that we have used previously e Project the drillholes onto Sections Plot the geology on Sections amp e Show the drillholes in the 3D Viewer Display the section plots in the 3D Viewer Build 3D shapes f and manage the 3D Viewer display using Project Explorer Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 26 Contents Help Top Contents Help Top 12 13 4 Back gt Deeper basin Figure 10 Plan showing Sections sAA sBB and sCC and drillhole locations The 3D view right shows the drillholes relative to the 3D modelled geology Two of the new drillholes show a much deeper sedimentary section Now let s recompute the model so that all 5 drill holes are taken into account From the Model toolbar choose Compute or press CTRL M In the Compute the Model dialog box Series to interpolate Select All Faults to interpolate Select All Sections to take into account Select All Faults only Clear therefore DO compute faults Choose OK Now re plot and review the Recomputed modelled geology The geological interpretation discrepancies will be confirmed see Figure 10 Perform steps as before as in previous parts of this tutorial for example Tutorial J2 stages 1 to 3 F
20. 3D Observations Triangulation 2 From the file chooser navigate to the results directory Recall that this is in the project directory inside a folder with the name of the case you specified on the first page of the wizard For example if the project name is my_proj and your case was called Casel then the results will be in my_proj Casel my_proj Casel Thermal The voxet grids will be my_proj Casel Casel vo Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 44 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt my_proj Casel Thermal ThermalProducts vo J CaseStudy StartTutorial3a Casei PR Thermal a Local Disk D a Local Disk E Ag DVD RW Drive F GP data anika V My Documents Me ia Computer Ty File name ThermalProducts vo Network Files of type All Acceptable Files Select the ThermalProducts vo file J amp My Documents fi A fs Computer Ta File name ThermalProducts vo Network Files of type All Acceptable Files 3 Once imported you should now have a voxet grid under the Grids and Meshes branch of the GeoModeller project tree which contains all of the thermal products Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top _ Explore S HoxRoxProj
21. F 1 3P 3D Viewer Clipping 28 Axis Aligned i gt H t g 4000 0 p 7 XZ 120 400 100000 0 120000 0 140000 0 TXY E 80 800 7o0000 0 90000 0 Slice Reverse KY J8 Stage 8 MeshGrid Contours and Iso Surfaces 1 Before proceeding hide all views of the ThermalProducts MeshGrid Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 51 Contents Help Top Wy Grids and meshes lt 4 Back gt 2 2 ThermalProduci J Th alProd cts ermal rogucts H ey Lithology oa Ml HeatProduc X Y Z P Temperatur T VerticalHea EE VerticalTem GD 2 EE Horizontal pg pE i da F Frontier i 14 owed ae Modifiable a ThermalCor E Hide all views of this mesh grid Add current model field Create coordinates X YZ fields i Export Compute new field Multi crossplot with Merge this grid with Create a compatible grid with Group fields Flow Rate Pressure Plot Delete Properties EI 2 To view contour iso surfaces of the MeshGrid data open the context menu for a MeshGrid field and choose the Contouring option For this tutorial the Temperature field will be used z g 3D Geology Ho W Grids and meshes 2 ThermalProducts 14 Lithology 12 Frontier 12 Modifiable A ThermalConductivity B HeatProductionRate pe EE Tempera
22. GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 1 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Tutorial case study J Geothermal Parent topic This short course provides User Manual vee i l ana totoriais e An introduction to building and updating a 3D geology model using 3D GeoModeller A demonstration of 3D GeoModeller s geothermal modelling capability Authors Phil McInerney Helen Gibson Intrepid Geophysics Updated V2012 Stewart Hore Dips consistent with surface mapping Disclaimer It is Intrepid Geophysics understanding that this tutorial document and associated data are provided for purpose of training in the use and application of 3D GeoModeller and the material and data cannot be used or relied upon for any other purpose Intrepid Geophysics is not liable for any inaccuracies including any incompleteness in this material and data Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd lt 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 2 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt In this case study e Case Study J Introduction e Course Structure Tutorial J1 Load the HotRox 3D GeoModeller Project Tutorial J2 Examine the Project Geology and the 3D Geology Model Tutorial J3 Geo register the Geology Map Tutorial J4 Add Geology 1 Create a Formation Update Stratigraphy Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model
23. Models gt and select Hide to hide the entire modelled geology In the Project Explorer right click Models gt and select Show to show again the entire modelled geology The Hide or Show options toggle from one to the other In the Project Explorer right click Models gt and select Wireframe to change the displayed 3D volumes to wireframes In the Project Explorer right click Models gt and select Shading to toggle the 3D display of geology back to shaded The Wireframe or Shading options toggle from one to the other 3 Display the plotted geology 2D sections in the 3D Viewer With any 2D Viewer window selected for example sAA from the shortcut right click the background of the 2D viewer and choose from the Menu e Show modelled geology polygons in 3D Viewer e or Show modelled geology lines in 3D Viewer e Hide modelled geology polygons in 3D Viewer These menu items toggle between Hide and Show Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 12 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt Figure 6 Various 3D plots of the 3D geology model Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRLtS Discussion What data have been used to make this model We have now examined this project in traditional 2D views and also in a 3D Viewer b
24. Tutorial J6 Import Drillhole Data and Recompute the Model Tutorial J7 Add geothermal physical property data Tutorial J8 Compute geothermal solutions e Case Study J References Case Study J Introduction Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal In this case study we calculate the equilibrated steady state temperature distribution of the modelled geology in our project area Given certain assumptions and boundary conditions described below the distribution of resulting in situ formation temperatures is related to the 3D distribution of lithologies in our model and their related thermal properties thermal conductivity and heat production rate At present the geothermal module accounts for heat contributions from conductivity and internal heat production This is considered to be adequate for many geological settings involving hot dry rock geothermal resources However improved 3D temperature estimation will be available in the future through implementation of advection considerations HotRox Project scenario Contents Help Top Geothermal energy company geologists have established from outcrop samples that the HotRox Project granite has anomalously high heat producing properties due to its radiogenic mineralogy heat production rate of 15 uW m The granite outcrops east of a major basin margin fault but interpretation of seismic and gravity data indicate that the granite also extends further west beneat
25. ailable in addition to the existing two drillholes confirming the deeper sedimentary section and consequently the model requires major revision Change is easily implemented in 3D GeoModeller Let s now make the changes Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 24 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J6 Overview Parent topic In this tutorial we Tutorial J6 Import 1 Import data for three drillholes and project the drillhole geology onto vertical Drillhole Data cross sections we s noe 2 Note and respond to discrepancy between the new drillhole data and the existing 3D model 3 Introduce a new fault to the project and recompute the 3D geology model In this section e J6 Overview e J6 Stage 1 Add drillhole data J6 Stage 2 Add a fault e J6 Stage 3 Consideration of the Proterozoic offset by the Western Fault J6 Stage 1 Add drillhole data Parent topic In this stage we add and examine the drillhole data Tutorial J6 Import Load the project Drillhole Data 1 and Recompute the Model If it is not already open open your project MyHotRox_05 or the supplied start point 3D GeoModeller project for Tutorial J6 From the main menu choose Project gt Open or from the toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to
26. ck gt Case Study J References Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal Contents Help Top Beardsmore G R and Cull J P 2001 Crustal heat flow A guide to measurement and modelling Cambridge University Press Cull J P and Beardsmore G R 1992 Statistical methods for estimates of heat flow in Australia Exploration Geophysics 23 83 86 Gibson H Sttiwe K Seikel R FitzGerald D Calcagno P Argast D McInerney P and Budd A 2008 Forward prediction of spatial temperature variation from 3D geology models PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III Sydney O Neill C Moresi L Lenardic A and Cooper C 2003 Inferences on Australia s heat flow and thermal structure from mantle convection modelling results Geol Soc Australia Spec Publ 22 and Geol Soc America Spec Paper 372 169 184 Sass J H and Lachenbruch A H 1979 Thermal regime of the Australian continental crust In The Earth It s origin structure and evolution M N McElhinny ed Academic Press London St we K 2008 Principles of heat flow modelling Notes from a course on heat flow modelling given at Intrepid Geophysics in March 2008 and a summary of the subsequent implementation into GeoModeller software St we K 2007 Geodynamics of the lithosphere An introduction 2nd edition Springer Verlag 493 pages 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt
27. d with 20 000 iterations takes 2 minute to compute 108 000 voxels combined with 20 000 iterations takes 20 minutes to compute Physical Properties The third page of the wizard sets the physical properties for the geology units This is linked to the values set from the Geophysical Properties dialog If you are not cloning an existing case then the values from the dialog will be used as defaults here in the wizard Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 39 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Physical Properties Property Value Thermal Thermal Conductivity Log normal 0 1 100 Heat Production Rate Log normal 1e 006 1e 007 100 LateGranite 1 Maficlivke NCU yKe General Indude Border Effect Heat Capacity J kg KI 1000 lt Back ress Check the values for each unit to ensure they correspond to the values set previously via the Geophysical Properties dialog Choose Include Border Effect then Next to continue Physical Properties Boundary Conditions Like any other differential equation the heat transport equations we are going to solve need boundary conditions to evaluate the integration constants On the four vertical sides it is assumed that no heat flows through the model boundaries Neuman type boundary conditions This implies that all hthologies and ambient temperatur
28. data with temperatures between 175 C to 200 C you can type these values into the Visibility Clip edit boxes Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 48 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 4 You can also change the colour table for a MeshGrid as well as the transform for the colour table lookup from the Colours and Clips dialog This is done via the Colour drop down list and the Transform drop down list ap Adjust Color Curve Temperature ThermalProducts 175 1263451 20 30 3 100 125 150 173 200 Data Clip Data Limits 20 0 To 221 531662 Visibility Clip Custom 175 0 To 200 0 Colour BD Pseudocolor 1 lt lt Colour Table Transformation Linear lt I Transform lt lt J8 Stage 7 3D Clipping Planes As well as data clipping for visualisation you can slice the model along the X Y and Z axis The 3D clipping planes are not exclusively for MeshGrids They are applied to all 3D objects except sections 1 To begin hide all views of the ThermalProducts MeshGrid Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 49 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt a Grids and meshes el 2 ThermalProduct ee 14 Frontier J Hide all views of this mesh grid be J2 Modifiable Add curr
29. e Model toolbar choose Compute or press CTRL M In the Compute the Model dialog box Series to interpolate Select All Faults to interpolate Select All Sections to take into account Select All e Clear the Faults only check box e Choose OK 7 Re plot the geology Use the same plotting options that we have used previously e Project the drillholes onto sections e Plot the geology on sections AJ 6 g e Show the drillholes and section plots in the 3D Viewer Build 3D shapes amp and manage the 3D Viewer display using the Project Explorer 8 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRLtS Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 31 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Figure 13 Various 2D and 3D plots of the revised 3D geology model Tutorial J7 Add geothermal physical property data Parent topic Tutorials J7 and J8 take the user through a typical sequence of tasks for performing Sine case forward modelling of 3D temperature distribution directly from a 3D geology model een In this instance we are forward modelling from an existing 3D GeoModeller project HotRox_ which we modified during exercises in tutorials J1 J6 It is also possible to perform forward temperature modelling starting from a supplied voxet for example one ex
30. e cells of the table to link Basement ProterozoicUC and Basin Series to the Western Fault e Choose OK Recompute the 3D geology model for the Project RangeFront Western 3 From the Model toolbar choose Compute or press CTRL M Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 28 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 4 Inthe Compute the Model dialog box a Series to interpolate Select All Heeb laste PA Faults to interpolate Select All Sections to take into account Select All not selected 0 Select Al e Clear the Faults only check box e Choose OK J6 Stages 2 Discussion When we try to compute the model at this point we get a message saying unable to solve ProterozoicUC We examine this in the following stage J6 Stage 3 Consideration of the Proterozoic offset by the Western Fault Parent topic Tutorial J6 Import Drillhole Data and Recompute the Model Contents Help Top In this section we find that we need to add some interpretive contact data for the bottom of Proterozoic We know that this contact must be beneath the two deep basin drillholes J6 Stage 3 Having enough information about the geology horizon As noted above when we try to compute the model at this point we get a message saying unable to so
31. e plot buttons in the Model toolbar Plot the model settings or press CTRL D Plot the model on the current section Plot the model on all sections FA TopoMap t Nsa E VN 88 E N scc x VNsa E Ns Ed Nscc E Wsaa E Ns E YN scc Ed Figure 5 Various plots options displaying the 3D geology model on Sections TopoMap sAA sBB and sCC 3 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRLtS Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 11 Contents Help Top q Back gt J2 Stage 3 Explore the 3D Viewer Parent topic 1 View the model in 3D Tutorial J2 i i Ezamine ihe e From the Model toolbar choose Build 3D Formations and Faults 4 he ce In the Build 3D Formation and Fault Shapes dialog box and the 3D Geology Model e Check Build Formations Check Build Faults Select Type Volume Check Draw Shapes after building Adjust the Resolution Render quality to High Choose OK 3D GeoModeller computes the 3D shapes of the geology model as volumes defined by triangle mesh surfaces which it displays in the 3D Viewer 2 Use the Project Explorer typically on the left side of your work space to manage the display of modelled objects in the 3D Viewer In the Project Explorer right click
32. east of the Western Fault There is no outcrop of Proterozoic Two deep central drillholes intersected the top of the Proterozoic 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 29 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt This is the problem We have postulated that the Western Fault produces an offset to the Proterozoic but we have no data to the east of the fault that says anything about where the bottom of the down faulted of Proterozoic unit is The mathematical solver cannot solve this You the interpreting geologist either have to find the required data shoot some seismic Expensive or interpret geologists are paid to interpret geology J6 Stage 3 What do we know about the Proterozoic From three drillholes in the west we know the thickness of Proterozoic 2641m in drillhole HRW1 2735m in drillhole HRW2 2525m 1n drillhole DDH1 In the two deeper basin drillholes we know the depth to the top of the Proterozoic 5350m in drillhole DDH2 6405m in drillhole DDH3 J6 Stage 3 The solution adding interpretive contact data On the basis of this information we can reasonably estimate that the bottom of the Proterozoic is some 2600m below the points where the top of Proterozoic was intersected in drillholes DDH2 and DDH3 Lets add one interpretive geology contact data point for Proterozoic on the Section sBB below DDH2 1 Inthe 2D Vi
33. ect be Formations pon ae Dykes H it Faults P E Sections 5 Ef Drilholes a i 30 Geology h Ws Grids and meshes Sje 2 ThermalProducts secede ben Ja Lithology TA Ja Frontier 1 Modifiable bon Ld ThermalConductivity be Led HeatProductionRate r Temperature bee Led VerticalHeatFlow ben Led VerticallemperatureGradient Tutorial case study J Geothermal 45 4 Back gt oe Ld HorizontalTemperatureGradient Geothermal Modelling Products Solved 3D temperature and other derived output parameters Lithology Modifiable Thermal Conductivity Temperature Vertical Heat Flow Vertical Temperature Gradient Total Horizontal Temperature Gradient Lithology units at each voxel in the grid Flag indicating if a cell was fixed for the forward modelling computation For this tutorial all cells above Topo should be fixed All below should be modifiable The thermal conductivity at each cell C Solved for every cell voxel centre by Finite Difference approximation W m Flow of heat measured in energy per time per unit area Solved for each cell voxet centre with respect to the centre of the cell immediately above C km Change of temperature over a distance Solved for each cell voxet centre with respect to the centre of the cell immediately above C km Change of temperature over a distance of one cell Equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the horizontal
34. elp Top We want to add the LateGranitel intrusive to our geology model We must first create a geology object and update the stratigraphic pile In Tutorial J5 we digitise the LateGranitel contact and build the revised 3D geology model In this section e J4 Overview gt J4 Steps In this tutorial we 1 Create the LateGranitel geology object 2 Place this in the correct chrono stratigraphic order in stratigraphic pile for the Project 3 Declare the rock relationship In this case it cuts across the older stratigraphy 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 17 Contents Help Top J4 Steps Parent topic Tutorial J4 Add Geology 1 Create a Formation Update Stratigraphy Contents Help Top 4 Back gt If it is not already open open your project MyHotRox_03 or the supplied start point 3D GeoModeller project for Tutorial J4 From the main menu choose Project gt Open or from the toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJd4 HotRox Start Ex4 xml Save a copy of this project in your own data area From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As g or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyH
35. ent model field 72 ThermalCor oe m HeatProdud XY7 Create coordinates A Y Z fields a Temperatur m Export e F VerticalHea TN Ver ticalTem wal Compute new field EE ai e ra HorizontalT EE piji d ae Multi crossplot with TE Merge this grid with Create a compatible grid with Group fields Flow Rate Pressure Plot 3 Delete fe Properties 2 Display the Temperature field or any other field you wish using the methods previously described 3 On the 3D viewer toolbar choose the Set Clipping Parameters button 4 This will bring up the Clipping Parameters dialog 100000 0 100000 0 120000 0 140000 0 U l 499993 0 70000 0 90000 0 Reverse Ax px orz xe 5 Slide the XZ slider to approximately half way along You should see the 3D viewer slice the MeshGrid voxet allowing you to view the interior Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 50 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 39 3D Viewer Clipping x i Axis Aligned p es E a g l Y XY l 10 000 10000 0 4000 0 2000 0 J F XZ 120 400 100000 0 T F YZ J 50 000 90000 0 120000 0 140000 0 Slice Reverse 6 Nowcheck the YZ check box under the Reverse group of radio buttons and slide the YZ slider approximately 3 4 along its length
36. ermal 33 lt 4 Back gt dialog box Four tabs appear in the upper part of the dialog box 7 Physical properties of geological formation Formation Density fgjcm MB Basement Normall2 9 0 01 100 Pa Normal 2 0 01 100 SE Granite Mormakz 7 0 01 100 MNormakz 67 0 100 67 0 100 General parameters Density Reference density g cm 4 Drop down the Thermal menu Two thermal properties are available in this menu Thermal Conductivity and Heat Production Rate Physical properties of geological formation Thermal Conductivity W mK Log normal 2 0 1 100 jee Log normal 3 0 1 100 mee eee Log normal 3 0 1 100 Log normal 3 0 1 100 a Log normal 3 0 1 100 E Miocene Log normal 2 0 1 100 Mi Mesozoic Log normal 2 0 1 100 HB UPalaeozoic Log normal 1 5 0 1 100 eeepc Log normal 2 0 1 100 EE Loo normal 20 1100 Log normal 2 0 1 100 E 00 r07ma90 1 100 Heat Production Rate W m Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 1e 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 1 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal ie 006 12 007 100 Log normal 1 5e 005 1e 007 100 Log normal 1e 006 1e 007 100 Firstly for thermal conductivit
37. es are mirrored beyond the model boundaries and therefore the temperature gradient across the boundary is zero For the surface boundary condition rock air interface a constant temperature must be applied We suggest the mean annual air temperature for your local project area available from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website minus 5 C Note that some thermal modellers have alternative methods of deriving and correcting for surface temperature and you will need to consider what is suitable for your own project area Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 40 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Properties Boundary Condition F Surface Temperature Rayleigh 0 0 100 E Surface Heat Flow Unconstrained C IsoTherm Unconstrained Base Temperature Unconstrained Base Heat Flow Rayleigh 0 03 0 100 com Model Advection Sides Heat Flow 0 0 Iteration Control Iterations 10 000 Maximum Residual 1 0E 4 Our HotRox project this tutorial is representative of a typical hot dry rock EGS geothermal energy target in medium latitudes of Australasia but comprises synthetic data For the purpose of this tutorial we decided to adopt a constant surface temperature of 20 C 1 Choose the button for Surface Temperature This will open a new dialog allowing you to se
38. ewer select Section sBB 2 Project the drillhole traces onto this section use the Project tool 6 3 From the 2D toolbar choose Tape Measure the Tape Measure tool Q Using the Tape Measure tool click near the bottom of DDH2 in Section sBB and drag downwards until the measured distance in the Tape Measure dialog box shows approximately 2600m Figure 12 Note the approximate position or read off the Z elevation value from the mouse coordinates displayed at the lower left edge of the 2D Viewer Create the contact data point 4 Change the mouse mode to Create From the 2D toolbar choose Create or press C From the Points List Editor toolbar choose Delete all Points 7 Click to place a single point at the interpreted bottom of Proterozoic beneath DDH2 5 From the Structural toolbar choose Create geology data or press CTRL G In the Create geology data dialog box Geological Formations and Faults Choose Proterozoic Choose Create You have created a single interpreted geology contact data point for the bottom of Proterozoic Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 30 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Bee measure e read Figure 12 Using the Tape Measure tool to estimate a position for interpreted bottom of Proterozoic beneath DDH2 Recompute the 3D geology model 6 From th
39. h the basin sediments in the vicinity of Section sCC The Upper Palaeozoic unit of the basin sequence is a fine grained shale with low thermal conductivity 1 5 W m K based on analysis of samples from drillhole DDH3 on Section sCC This shale unit is potentially a thermal insulator With encouraging results from heat flow data and geothermal gradients measured in drillhole DDH3 the company has begun a 3D geology and temperature modelling study to Investigate the geothermal potential of their tenement and to Estimate the total heat resource of their project volume 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 3 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Course Structure Parent topic This case study has two main sections Tutorial sega e Build and Revise a 3D Geology Model Geothermal Perform Geothermal Modelling Build and Revise a 3D Geology Model Parent topic Tutorial J1 Load the HotRox 3D GeoModeller Project Course a l l ae oe We load an existing project and examine the main elements of the user interface Tutorial J2 Examine the Project Geology Map and the 3D Geology Model First examine the geology map for the project and review the project s stratigraphic pile Compute the geology model Plot the geology model in map and section views in the 2D Viewer Build the 3D shapes of the geology model and examine in the 3D
40. he LateGranitel geology contact 2 Recompute the 3D geology model 3 Again examine the 3D geology model in 2D and 3D views J5 Stage 1 Digitise the LateGranite1 geology contact Parent topic Tutorial J5 Add Geology 2 Digitise and Recompute the Model Contents Help Top J5 Stage 1 Steps 1 Ifitis not already open open your project MyHotRox_04 or the supplied start point 3D GeoModeller project for Tutorial J5 From the main menu choose Project gt Open or from the toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJ5 HotRox_Start_Ex5 xml 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 19 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 2 Save a copy of this project in your own data area From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As A or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyHotRox_05 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder 3 Show the geo registered image of the geology From the a 2D Viewer TopoMap section shortcut menu choose See HotRoxPro j e ct Geo logy_t ie gi f HotRoxProject_Geology_t1 gif Note the granite body mapped in the south east corner of the project area labelled g1 We will model this g
41. ies note that default values of 2 W mK have been assigned to all sedimentary units and values of 3 W mK have been assigned to all igneous and basement rocks It is possible if you are continuing to modify your own project from before Tutorial J7 that the LateGranitel unit only has a value of 2 W mK This should be edited to 3 W mK Your exploration team has direct measurements from core samples of the Upper Palaeozoic shale that this unit has a mean thermal conductivity of 1 5 W mk so we will edit this now Scroll down through the geology units Double click within the thermal conductivity cell for the UPalaeozoic unit This will open the Thermal Conductivity dialog 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 34 Contents Help Top Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt r 3 Thermal Conductivity smf Thermal Conductivity Law Definition Definition of the mode component Parameters Mean ts Standard deviation 0 1 Bi modal Normal Log normal Equal Tri modal Poisson Equal Plus Equal Minus Percentage of Population Description Unit W m K Log normal 1 5 0 1 100 000 025 050 G75 100 125 150 175 200 Thermal Conductivity J msk Era ELSJE conor Note this dialog box below contains a number of features including e Parameters to define the distribution e Number of
42. in menu choose Project gt Open or property data from the toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJ7 HotRox_Start_Ex7 xml 2 Save acopy of this project in your own data area From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyHotRox_07 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder 3 Choose menu option Geophysics gt Define physical properties 35 GeoModeller Project HoxRoxProject C GM GM_geothermal HotRox_Project HotRox_v2 Project Section Geology Import Model View Pestien Export Window Help Project Section Structur Create zero value field ar Model Fee ur gy gt QF B VDs amp n ie E Gaborone 2D Geophysics i J E x EET 3D Geophysics bde E HoxRoxProject f b Define physical properties Intrepid Geophysical Worms Examine Geophysical Grids i ee it Faults g Models a E Sections a ny Drillholes 4 Formations bs Ws Surface Meshes Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top Contents Help Top 3D GeoModeller displays the Physical properties of a geological formation Tutorial case study J Geoth
43. ke L Miocene Mesozoic Upper Palaeozoic Palaeozoic Marker Lower Palaeozoic O Proterozoic E Granite Basement HotRox Project Geology 100 000N 90 000E Figure 3 Geology map of the HotRox Project 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top This Project models the bottoms of each formation Each series is an interpolator Some series have a single unit but conformable formations can be grouped in a series Some series onlap onto the stratigraphically older units some series have an erode cross cutting relationship The chrono stratigraphic order of geological events is recorded from oldest to youngest Tutorial case study J Geothermal 9 3 Stratigraphic Pile Viewer Reference Bottom Cover Erode LateGranite3 Erode LateGranite2 Erode MaficDyke Erode f Ba sin_Miocene Onlap Basin Onlap Proterozoicus Erode Granite Erode Basement Onlap 4 Back gt Cover LateGranite3 LateGranite2 WaficDyke Miocene hlesozoic Palaeozoic PalaeoMarker LPalaeozoic a ee Proterozoic Granite Basement Mil Save PEG TEJ Save CSV file Figure 4 Stratigraphic Pile for the HotRox Tutorial J1 Project View the modelled geology To see the modelled geology we need to interrogate the model equations We can Plot the modelled geology on the
44. l Formations and Faults select LateGranitel Direction select dip direction 105 degrees and select Dip 80 degrees Polarity Normal Choose Create and Close 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 23 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Wrong LateGranite1 is on the I wrong side of the digitised contact Correct LateGranite1 correctly plots in the south east corner Correct Dip and facing Wrong Dip and facing towards the south east towards the north west Figure 9 The geology map of the revised 3D geology model is correct in a with the LateGranitel appearing in the south east corner In b the associated orientation data are dipping in the wrong direction and the modelled LateGranitel plots on the incorrect side of the digitised contact Tutorial J6 Import Drillhole Data and Recompute the Model Parent topic The geology model at this point has been developed using geology observations Tutorial case derived mainly from surface geological mapping together with data from two study J drillholes But things are about to change Geothermal e Gravity data indicate a central deeper basin a graben Towards the north west field mapping shows evidence for a fault This is interpreted to lie along the western edge of a postulated graben Three deep drillholes are now av
45. logy map for the project and review the Project s stratigraphic Project Geology pile pla ae C he geol del and plot modelled geology i d section vi Geolasy Medel ompute the geology model and plot modelled geology n map and section views 2D Viewer 3 Build 3D shapes of the geology model and examine 3D Viewer J2 Stage 1 Compute and view the 3D model Parent topic 1 Ifitis not already open open your project or the supplied start point 3D Tutorial J2 GeoModeller project for Tutorial J1 Examine the Project Geology From the main menu choose Project gt Open or and the 3D from the toolbar choose Open amp or Geology Model press CTRL O For the start point project supplied In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file GeoModeller tutorial CaseStudyJ StartTutorialJl HotRox Start Exl xml 2 Ifyou have not already done so Save your own copy of this project so that you don t accidentally overwrite the original project files From the main menu choose Project gt Save as or from the toolbar choose Save As J or press CTRLtSHIFT S Save your project work as MyHotRox_01 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top Contents Help Top 3 Tutorial case study J Geothermal 8 lt 4 Back gt Examine the geology map
46. lve ProterozoicUC series Information on ProterozoicUC i Unable to salve ProterozoicUc 1 Check that each partition space defined by the Fault network contains data from at least one Formation of this series 2 IF nothing else works add remove or modify any point or orientation data From the series and try again The reason for this is that we do not have enough information about this geology horizon particularly within the model compartment created by the new fault Consider the following To the west of the Western Fault e There is some outcrop of Proterozoic which provides information about the top of the unit the interpolator for the ProterozoicUC cannot use that information because it relates to a different horizon Recall that you are modelling bottoms of formations not tops Three drillholes penetrated the Proterozoic and intersected the Basement thus providing three geology contact data points for the bottom of the Proterozoic which can be used by the ProterozoicUC series interpolator e You can see that an orientation data point occurs on Section sAA describing the ProterozoicUC as dipping 5 to the east This is also used by the ProterozoicUC series interpolator These data some contact and orientation data provide sufficient information on the western side of the newly proposed fault sufficient to satisfy the needs of the mathematical solver for the ProterozoicUC series To the
47. n be added they are added to both displays As both the image markers and the section markers are moved the image is continually distorted in the Section display illustrating the proposed geo registration warping based on the current set of marker positions on the two displays 10 With the image markers correctly placed precisely on the known geo registration marks on the Image left and the known coordinates corresponding to each of the section markers correctly entered in the table below choose OK The image is warped and clipped as required and geo registered onto the TopoMap Section As this occurs an Information dialogue box with transformed image dimensions will show Choose OK 11 Back in the Image Manager dialog box choose Close Having geo registered the geology map image you can plot the current model on the TopoMap Section Compare the modelled geology as developed to this point with the map Notice that the late stage granite intrusive in the south east corner of the map has not yet been modelled We will add that unit in Tutorials J4 and J5 12 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRLtS Tutorial J4 Add Geology 1 Create a Formation Update Stratigraphy Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal J4 Overview Parent topic Tutorial J4 Add Geology 1 Createa Formation Update Stratigraphy Contents H
48. nd polynomial data fitting In this tutorial only the histogram dialog will be presented in any detail Open the Temperature field context menu and select Histogram 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 54 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt g 3D Geology Wi Grids and meshes B ThermalProducts Ja Frontier 1 Modifiable i Ld ThermalConductivity z TA HeatProductionRate T See Temperature S28 Temperature pe EN VerticalHeat _ Lr VerticalTemp J Hide all views of this field L Ml Hor g Horizontale a Field Visualisation Manager E Appearance ls Edit Colours and Clips 2 Display color table Z Contouring iki Histogram Visual Filter iki Gutenberg Richter Plot Polynomial approximation Cross plot with tie Multi crossplot with Multifield analysis 3 Delete fe Properties 2 This will open the MeshGrid Field Histogram dialog box which contains a histogram plot and on the right a set of statistical measures of the data Histogram of Temperature Property Value Total 4000 Effective So il B SINE 3 3 Mean Geo Mean std Deviation Kurtosis Skewness ariance y z maj a a iD F B 19852 010699 3245 974383 Fs Mean 98 326458 Sigma 56 973453 a Kurtosis A ra Fri Temperature Z 3 Tm as a D pa in Aa
49. nge between 0 001 and 0 1 W m although extreme values such as 0 129 W m have been recorded in Australia for example in the zone of the South Australian Heat Flow Anomaly The question is what 1s a suitable heat flow value to apply at the bottom of our geology model That is at 10 km for the HotRox project from the main menu choose Project gt Properties and look at Z min Even for regions displaying high heat flow at surface the heat flow values at the base of any given geology model would be typically predicted to be much lower as Uranium and other radiogenic elements become depleted deeper in the crust For our HotRox project this tutorial we suggest accepting the default heat flow value of 0 03 W m In the lower part of the Thermal menu of the Physical Properties table find the active cell for Base in the Boundary Conditions area Ensure the value is 0 03 W m Note the remaining item in the lower part of the Thermal menu of the Physical Properties table is Heat Capacity in the General parameters area This is assumed to be a constant and is not currently editable Typical heat capacities of rocks are between 800 J kg C and 1000 J kg C and because the variation is so much less than that of conductivitiy few thermal modellers worry about this variation and simply assume cp 1000 J kg C 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case s
50. nts that we clicked along the contact using the Points List Editor have been used to create geology contact data which define the edge of the LateGranitel at the TopoMap surface In addition associated orientation data have been created between each pair of points each dipping at 80 degrees in a direction orthogonal to each line segment approx south east Note that the Points List is now empty the points have been committed to LateGranitel and removed from the list The associated arientation data between each contact point Figure 8 Digitised points left in the Points List of the Points List Editor are made into observations of the position of the lower contact geology of the LateGranitel middle and right by using the Create geology data dialog box In order to build the 3D model of any surface either fault or geology formation 3D GeoModeller requires at least one point of contact or fault position data and at least one point of orientation data describing the attitude of that geology surface Note that orientation data of a surface are entered by dip and dip direction protocol in 3D GeoModeller Because we used the associated orientation data case above we have met the criteria above for building surfaces need at least one point of contact or fault position data and at least one point of orientation data Alternatively we could have chosen to create orientation data independently of the
51. or 2D From the Model toolbar choose Plot the model settings or press CTRL D And for 3D From the Model toolbar choose Build 3D Formations and Faults i 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 27 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Dips consistent with Proposed Fault surface mapping Figure 11 The TopoMap and Section sBB showing geology for the recomputed model A fault is proposed to achieve a model which is more consistent with surface mapping 14 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save B or press CTRLtS J6 Stage 2 Add a fault Parent topic In this section we add a fault to the geology model proposed in Figure 11 Tutorial J6 Import In fact a Western Fault geology object already exists in the Project and some data Drillhole Data describing the position and attitude of the Western Fault are already included in the a north west corner of the TopoMap section This fault currently does not exist in the Kai model because the fault is not linked to any of the geology series in the Project Considering Figure 11 note that the proposed fault offsets the Basement Proterozoic and Basin series J6 Stage 2 Steps 1 From the main menu choose Geology gt Link faults Fais Series with series H cover 2 Inthe Link faults with series dialog box table e Click th
52. ory under the geothermal project directory The name of the folder will be the same as the case name you solutions specified on the first page of the wizard If you used the defaults then this will be Casel Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 43 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J8 Stage 4 Examine the results Parent topic J8 Stage 4 Introduction Tutorial J8 aa Compute At completion of the run a dialog will inform you 1f the compute was successful or geothermal not If successful then two voxet grids in GoCAD format will be produced solutions You are now ready to explore the results using the GeoModeller Mesh and Grid visualisation tools 1 Choose Import gt Grid and Mesh gt 3D Grid Voxels lodeller2 0 0 462dcebef f9_x 0tutoriah Casestudy StartTutonal ion Export View Window Research Help g amp GI and Other Binary Located Data i amp ee lap a laa o F7 sRL 3000 2D Sections 3D Data Drillhole Grid and Mesh 4 2D Grid e 3D Grid Voxels oS 23 30 Observations Triangulation ie Explore Gj HoxRoxProject P fag Formations Po Dykes P i Faut E Sections 4 iW Drillholes os g 3D Geology i uy Grids and meshes ay Meshes and grids Y No meshes or grids Create grid with zero walue field Import 2D Grid 3D Grid Vowels 2 2D
53. ose Field Visualisation Manager to display the Field Visualisation Manager dialog Check the View grid in 3D option and 3D Volume 3 Iso values l K 3D Grid 30 view gt 3DFoints 3D Volume View grid in 3O C View isosurfaces in 3D Sections view Sections View on section View on Section in 30 a All TopoMap sRL 1000 sRL 2000 i 4 Parameters Display color table Contouring Edit Colours and Clips af OK af Apply Fd close Press OK to visualise the grid in 3D Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 47 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt In the voxet grid shown the surface temperature and above topo 1s everywhere 20 C as expected J8 Stage 6 MeshGrid Colours and Data Clipping The MeshGrid Colours and Clips dialog is where you can control the colour table colour transform and data or visual clipping 1 Open the context menu for the Temperature field and choose Edit Colours and Clips 2 This will open the Colours and Clips dialog 125 150 1 3 200 To 221 531662 Visibility Clip Data Clip To 221 531662 Colour En Pseudocolor 1 Transformation Linear 3 You will notice the data range is approximately 20 C to 221 53 C This can be adjusted so that only a specified data range is visible For example to visualise the
54. otRox_04 in a folder outside the original StartTutorial folder From the main menu choose Geology gt Formations Create or Edit From the Create or Edit geology formations dialog box Create a new Create anew geology Formation e Name LateGranite1 geology formation z e Name LateGranitel No spaces e Colour pink RGB 255 20 147 used in this document e Note Many geology formations already exist in this project e Choose Add and then Close If prompted in the New formation creation dialog box e Choose Yes start Stratigraphic Pile editor Alternatively From the main menu choose Geology gt Stratigraphic Pile Create or Edit In the Create or Edit geology series and the stratigraphic pile dialog box For future reference note that Bottom is the chosen option for this project we model bottoms of formations 1 e all data entered is assumed to relate to the chronologically bottom boundary of the given geology unit where it contacts with the unit below e Choose New series In the Create Geology Series dialog box confirm default entries or change the following to Name of the series LateGranitel_ Series e Relationship Erode Formations in Series LateGranitel Ensure this formation is in the right side list Select formation s and use the Add to Series or Remove from Series buttons as required e Commit then Close 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates
55. ove onto page 2 of the wizard Compute Grid Resolution Look at the cell voxel size by which our geology model will be discretised Values for dX dY and dZ cell dimensions are given in metres These defaults correspond to fixed defaults which divide the model into a total of 4 000 voxels 20 cells in the X direction 20 in the Y direction and 20 in the Z direction depth Change the dZ cell to be 1200 The number of cells in the Z direction should now be 10 Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 38 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt Voxet Properties Set voxet resolution and processing options Voxet extents and resolution min 50000 Xmax 30000 dx 2000 nX 20 gt Resetextents Ymin 100000 Ymax 140000 dY 2000 nY 20 Zmin 10000 Zmax 2000 dz 1200 nZ ho z Back Next gt Finish Cancel Editing the division rate or discretisation scheme nX nY or nZ will automatically change the cell voxel sizes accordingly In fact we suggest accepting the default cell sizes for this project dX 2000m dY 2000m and dZ 1200m in order to keep run time short for this exercise So no editing 1s required Concerning run times it is useful to note that the using a standard PC 4 000 voxels combined with 20 000 iterations takes 1 minute to compute 32 000 voxels combine
56. ported from a GoCad project steps not described here In this section J7 Overview J7 Steps Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 32 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J7 Overview Parent topic In this tutorial we enter physical thermal properties for each geology unit in the TutorialJ7 Add model geothermal physical Assigning a single constant thermal property to each formation is not ideal given property data that knowledge of real world geology tells us heterogeneity within every formation is common Nonetheless the current software module takes only a mean value for the purpose of forward modelling 3D temperatures The best way to estimate the most representative mean value is to statistically consider a large number of samples from many locations within the project area If estimates of the variability spread of values are available we suggest entering this additional information standard deviation multi modal population statistics because future innovations potentially planned for 3D GeoModeller may use these in estimating uncertainty in 3D temperature modelling and or performing inversion J7 Steps Parent topic 1 Ifitis not already open open your project MyHotRox_06 or the supplied start Tutorial J7 Add point 3D GeoModeller project for Tutorial J7 geothermal i physical From the ma
57. r see right Show or Hide drillholes in the 3D Viewer 6 In the Project Explorer choose Drillholes gt Show shows all drillholes in the 3D Viewer 7 Inthe Project Explorer choose Drillholes gt Hide hides them from the view Or for a chosen drillhole either Show or Hide it Show Drillholes in a 2D Viewer and project them onto a Section 3 Project Data Onto Sections 8 From the Model toolbar choose Project Data Onto Sections or press CTRLH amp 9 Inthe Project Data Onto Sections dialog box m Seet All Deselect All invert ET All mmeg Sections Select sCC for example Parameters Maximum distance of projection 10 e Geology Formations and Faults Select All Data to Project C from 2D Sections Data to Project check from Drillhole Trace from tingsins C from Drillhole Contacts e Clear all other options from 30 Ponts from Drillhole Trace Maximum distance of projection try 10m for example e Choose OK 10 Check the drillhole projection by activating the 2D viewer for Section sCC Double click on the drillhole trace for DDH3 within Section sCC it s the deepest one furthest east to reveal the drillhole properties including the table of geology contacts 11 Next let s examine the drillhole data relative to the original 3D geology model Examine these by plotting and visualising the 5 drillholes in 2D Section and 3D Viewer Consider the interpretive changes that
58. ranite as LateGranitel In Tutorial J4 we created the LateGranitel geology object We are now ready to use that object when digitising a few contact data points along the granite boundary We also want create some orientation data to define that contact as steeply dipping to the south east 4 From the 2D toolbar choose Create or press C 5 From the Points List Editor toolbar choose Delete all Points 7 6 Starting at the north east end click five or six points along the contact between the granite labelled g1 and the Miocene unit in dark yellow located in the south east corner of the geology map Figure 8 7 From the Structural toolbar choose Create geology data or press CTRL G 8 In the Create geology data dialog box e Geological Formations and Faults select LateGranitel e This dialog box allows us to create some associated orientation data too these are orientation data created between each pair of digitised data points e Check on Associated e Select Dip constant and set Dip 80 degrees e Polarity select Normal e Choose Create and then Close 9 Save your project From the main menu choose Project gt Save or from the toolbar choose Save H or press CTRL S Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 20 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J5 Stage 1 Discussion The four or five poi
59. related parameters heat flow and geothermal gradient on selected sections Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd q Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Contents Help Top Tutorial case study J Geothermal 4 4 Back gt Tutorial J1 Load the HotRox 3D GeoModeller Project In this tutorial we load a 3D GeoModeller project and examine the components of the 3D GeoModeller workshops In the tutorial Parent topic Tutorial case study J Geothermal J1 Steps Parent topic Tutorial J1 Load the HotRox 3D GeoModeller Project Contents Help Top J1 Steps J1 Discussion J1 More information Launch 3D GeoModeller from the desktop icon The 3D GeoModeller welcome screen appears with a main menu and toolbars arranged across the top left and right sides Project Edit Section Geology Model Geophysics Interpolation Import Export View Window Research Help CPeSBEGluH sF4 4O Y h Kx lt rr aF SIV XOBP AAPA BH SESE ESCM cabled ae ey Geomodelfer 7012 intrepid Geophys BRM 30 Q Ed Ed sE aa sj tied E L i S Lag 2 ial Figure 1 3D GeoModeller welcome screen Open the start point 3D GeoModeller project From the main menu choose Project gt Open or from the Project toolbar choose Open amp or press CTRL O In the Open a project dialog box navigate to the 3D GeoModeller Project xm1 file In a typical installation this will be in C
60. rillholes by first expanding the list of drillholes in the Project Explorer 3 Project Data Onto Sections Show drillholes in a 2D Viewer Project them onto a Section 1 From the Model toolbar choose Project Data Onto Sections or press CTRL I 2 In the Project Data Onto Sections dialog box e Geology Formations and Faults Select All e Sections Select sCC for example Data to project Check from Drillhole Trace eee e Clear all other check boxes Maximum distance of projection try 10m for example e Choose OK The trace of HRW2 can now be seen in the 2D Viewer for sCC because the drillhole is located less than 10m off that section Now examine the geology intervals in a drillhole using drillhole properties Either In the Project Explorer choose and expand Drillholes gt select a Drillhole name gt click Properties This opens the Drillhole Properties table for a drillhole showing the downhole depths and the intersected geology for each interval Alternatively 1 From the 2D toolbar choose Select or press S 2 Make sure Project Data Onto Sections is shown for at least one drillhole on at least one section as explained above 3 Double click on any projected drillhole trace or triangle symbol in a section in the 2D Viewer Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 14 Contents
61. rners can be used as geo registration marks since these have known coordinates Press the magnifier icon to zoom and use the two sliders to pan horizontally or vertically to read the map corner coordinates tabled below Bottom or Left Bottom or Left LT oRernignt or Right North 100 000 140 000 Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 16 Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt 7 Inthe Image display pale blue area left side move the three image markers to three known geo registration marks on the image Progressively zoom in and pan to each mark and position the image markers precisely on the geo registration marks You can also directly edit the 1 J coordinates in the table to move the image markers to specific pixel coordinates 8 Inthe Section display yellow area right side you can move the three corresponding section markers but the recommended practice is to edit the entries for the u v coordinates in the table below inputting the known u v coordinates corresponding to each of the geo registration marks on the image The section markers will move as you do this Again zoom and pan if you want to You can also directly edit the x y z real coordinates in the table This x y z option can be useful when geo registering an image on a vertical section 9 Additional marker points ca
62. sitive upwards It also would typically use a real world vertical datum such as mean sea level e You can and should define the Projection actually a Coordinate System consisting of a Datum and Projection e All data must be within the project limits data outside those limits cannot be imported or created Likewise all modelled results geology lines polygons and surfaces are within those limits So when you create your own project make the project dimensions large enough to include all geology data used in the project Remember to allow for the full topographic height of the project area e We recommend that you leave say 5 10 extra space at the top of the project above the highest point of the topography e Allow sufficient project space at the bottom for the entire range of modelled geology that you are interested in Don t however make it too large or you will take extra time to compute model shapes that are of no interest For this project the project dimensions and coordinate system Datum and Projection are e Projection Local Height Datum Local Extents o Minimum Maximum Range East 50 000 50 000 90 000 40 000 m North 100 000 140 000 40 000 m Z axis 10 0000 2 000 12 000 m The topography map view TopoMap in a 3D GeoModeller project is a special pseudo non planar section and it is an essential part of the project You cannot do any practical work in a 3D GeoModeller project
63. t the distribution parameters of the boundary condition Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 41 Contents Help Top Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Scalar Law Definition Definition of the mode component Parameters Mean Standard deviation 0 Statistical law Rayleigh C Weibull Description Law simulation Rayleigh 20 0 100 1004 754 ka 57 4 25 4 g7 g0 25 50 75 100 125 150 15 a0 Scalar units Help af OK W Cancel Change the Mean value to 20 C Leave all other fields as their defaults for now Choose OK to accept the changes and return to the properties dialog For the entire bottom boundary condition of the model we have currently implemented code to apply either a constant heat flow or constant temperature We suggest this treatment is satisfactory in most scenarios and in any case it would be unusual to have constraints data on temperature or heat flow variability for a deep horizon near the bottom of the model If there is evidence for basal boundary temperature variability then we might suggest that a more meaningful approach may be to increase the vertical extent of the geology model into depth zones where isotherms are predicted to flatten out as is the conventional approach amongst many modellers Typical heat flow values at the Earth s surface ra
64. tudy J Geothermal 42 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt Stiiwe 2008 2 The last step of the wizard is to define the stopping criteria At the bottom of the properties wizard page you can specify e The maximum number of iterations e The maximum residual Boundary Condition W Surface Temperature Rayleigh 20 0 100 Surface Heat Flow Unconstrained IsoTherm Unconstrained Base Temperature Unconstrained v Base Heat Flow Rayleigh 0 03 0 100 m T Model Advection Sides Heat Flow 0 0 Iteration Control Iterations 10 000 Maximum Residual 1 0E 4 Next look at the Iterations default value in the Iteration Control area of the dialogue box By definition one iteration has occurred after every voxel in the entire model is visited once Change this value to 20 000 We can accept the default value for the Max Residual of the errors 0 0001 C so no editing is required For reference this value sets the maximum allowable change in temperature in any cell When this condition is met the variance is said to have been solved by finite difference approximation and calculations stop unless they have already stopped because the maximum number of iterations condition has been met first Run the computation by selecting Finish J8 Stage 3 The results directory Parent topic Stage 3 Steps Tutorial J8 i Pae 1 The forward model wizard will place the results in a folder direct
65. udy J Geothermal 15 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt 5 From the Edit and Align Image tool browse to the image file CaseStudyJ Data HotRoxProject_Geology png Select and Open 2E Edit and Align Image maga Di GeoModeller ProjectsPMM HotR ox 50_HotFioa_ShorbCourne Projects DatalHotRoxProjact_Geology png Satton Tapotiap Reo S0_Hothow_ShortCourse Projects Data HotRoxProject_Geology png foom and drag markers Image 1476 x 976 QS La gt 8 ries i Edit the fy coordinates forthe xy z coordinates LII a32 poena n 200 13725 02 ME w ise Figure 7 Geo registration of the geology map image onto the TopoMap section The Edit and Align Image tool displays the image 1n two windows e An Image display on the left which operates in terms of the image s i J pixel coordinates There are three moveable image markers on this display which are linked one to one to corresponding section markers of the Section display on the right The i J coordinates of the three image markers are tabled below the display e A Section display on the right which operates in terms of the section s u v coordinate space There are three moveable section markers on the display The u v coordinates and corresponding x y z coordinates of the three section markers are tabled below the display 6 Examine the image and note that the map co
66. ut what data have been used to make this model We have used the following geological facts and interpretive data The stratigraphic order of events and the rock relationships both recorded in the stratigraphic pile Mapped geology contacts on the TopoMap surface section Some field measured orientation data also on the TopoMap section Drilled geology intervals from two drillholes Some additional interpretive data on other vertical and horizontal slice sections To examine these actual data use the Project Explorer to investigate the geology interface and orientation data catalogued within and find the corresponding data for each lithology stored in structures linked to either 2D Sections or Drillholes Contents Help Top 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 13 Contents Help Top 4 Back gt J2 Stage 4 Visualising drillholes In this section we learn about viewing drillholes Show and Hide drillholes in the 3D Viewer 1 First in the Project Explorer right click Models gt and select Hide to hide the entire modelled 3D geology so the drillholes will be visible 2 In the Project Explorer right click Drillholes gt and select Show shows all drillholes in the 3D Viewer 3 In the Project Explorer right click Drillholes gt and select Hide hides them again from the view You can also show or hide individual d
67. ve H or press CTRLtS J5 Stages 1 and 2 Discussion Did your revision produce the expected granite body in the south east corner of the project area To check this you need to plot solid geology rather than lines and compare your result with Figure 9 below If your solid geology map looks like Figure 9a your 3D geology model is correct the LateGranitel body is a 3D body in the south east corner of the project If your map looks like Figure 9b what has gone wrong e how did this happen e how do you fix it What has gone wrong Essentially the problem is the facing direction of the geology boundary that you created to model LateGranitel If you look closely at the associated orientation data that we created you will see that for the incorrect case the dips are steeply dipping towards the north west Figure 9b This is also the facing direction and as a result the modelled LateGranitel body lies to the north west side of the digitised contact 2013 BRGM amp Desmond Fitzgerald amp Associates Pty Ltd 4 Back gt GeoModeller User Manual Tutorial case study J Geothermal 22 Contents Help Top Contents Help Top lt 4 Back gt How did this happen At Step 6 of Stage 1 above we stated Starting at the north east end click four to five points along the contact The key point is Starting at the north east end In creating associated orientation data
68. with a constant dip of 80 degrees as we did in Step 8 of Stage 1 those orientation data are generated to be dipping in a direction which is locally orthogonal to each line segment of the digitised line and to the left If you digitised the line starting at the north east end and working towards the southern end then left would be towards the south east which would be correct But if you digitised the line in the other direction starting at the southern end then left would be towards the north west yielding the wrong result How do you fix this This small problem is easily fixed 1 Move the mouse pointer over the LateGranitel digitised data points and right click to open the shortcut menu 2 Choose Flip associated dip direction The associated dips will be changed to now dip at 80 degrees towards the south east When the model is re computed and re plotted the modelled geology map will now be correct as shown in Figure 9a Remember the alternative method of adding orientation data slower but perhaps more fool prove is not to use the associated orientation data method but the independent method From the 2D toolbar choose Create or press C Digitise two points in the approximate position along the strike direction of the dipping surface In the Structural toolbar choose Create geology orientation data or press CTRL R In the Create geology orientation data dialog box Geologica

3D GeoModeller Tutorial Case Study J

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents