GNU cfdisk User Manual
Contents
1. If you have selected the extended partition this makes it as small as possible You should need this if you want to create more primary partitions after the logical partitions contained in the extended If the extended partition contains no partitions this deletes it This allows you to select the display units This changes the units used to display the sizes in the partition list and the default unit that is used on size prompts though you are not limited to it when entering sizes See the Units section for more information The shortcuts are b K m g t for bytes decimal kilobytes megabytes etc K M G and T for the binary equiva lents c for percents a to automatically choose the most suitable Compact s for sectors y for cylinders C for C H S values Displays a short info about the partition like its device or at least what cfdisk believes that should be its device the system type of the partition in the partition table most useful if you are editing a DOS type partition table the exact start and end of the partition Writes the changes in the partition to the disk and notifies the operating system to reread it Do this after you have completed editing your partition table This might destroy data on your disk if you have deleted partitions and so on so be careful If the partition table is not re read correctly by the opera2. Any other attempt to copy modify sublicense or Appendix A Copying this manual 15 10 distribute the Document is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns See http www gnu org copyleft Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License or any later version applies to it you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published not as a draft by the Free Software Foundation If the Document does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published not as a draft by the Free Software Foundation Appendix A Copying this manual 16 A 1 1 ADDENDUM How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices j
3. choice menu will appear You can select primary partition with the p key and extended partition with e or alternatively you can cancel the creation with c You will be asked in which part of the free space you want to place the partition You can place it in the beginning with s at the end with e If you want to select a custom region and specify exact start and end of the partition you should press c You will then prompted about the size of the partition the default choice creates a partition on the entire free space Please note that you can enter the size in any of the units given above If you don t specify a unit after the number the default unit is used At this point you will be asked about the filesystem type If you don t know what partition type suits you check operating system documentation about supported filesystems ext3 is usually a safe choice The partition will be created at the close as possible to your choice and you will be warned if it is too small or too large for the filesystem you have selected Delete the selected partition so you can use it to create another partition on the free space left by it Creates a new file system on the selected partition You will be asked to choose from a list of the filesystem types that are supported for creation Please note that this requires that all changes you made so far are commited to the disk If there is already a filesystem on the partit
4. unique by adding at the end of it in parentheses the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known or else a unique number Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work In the combination you must combine any sections entitled History in the various original documents forming one section entitled History likewise combine any sec tions entitled Acknowledgments and any sections entitled Dedications You must delete all sections entitled Endorsements 6 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects You may extract a single document from such a collection and distribute it individu ally under this License provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document 7 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not as a whole count
5. GNU cfdisk User Manual GNU cfdisk version 0 0 1 19 August 2006 Milko Krasnomirov Krachounov exabyte 3mhz net Copyright 2006 Free Software Foundation Inc Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1 1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections with no Front Cover Texts and with no Back Cover Texts A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License Short Contents gt amp D er WM 2 tn fo Chapter 1 About 1 About 1 1 Name GNU cfdisk curses based partition table manipulator clone of Linux cfdisk Chapter 2 Using cfdisk 2 2 Using cfdisk 2 1 Invoking cfdisk cfdisk options device 2 2 Overview Hard disks can be divided into logical disks called partitions or disk slices in the BSD world which are described in a partition table which is also called a disklabel For ordinary use like file storage or operation system installation you will most likely need at least one partition although with most modern operating system you might also want to create several partitions including one for swap space For example you usually create a seperate partition for home directories For more information on what partitions you need for your operating system look at its installation manual GNU cfdisk is a menu dri
6. Script PDF proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors SGML or XML for which the DTD and or processing tools are not generally available and the machine generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only The Title Page means for a printed book the title page itself plus such following pages as are needed to hold legibly the material this License requires to appear in the title page For works in formats which do not have any title page as such Title Page means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work s title preceding the beginning of the body of the text 2 VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium either commercially or noncommercially provided that this License the copyright notices and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute However you may accept compensation in exchange for copies If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3 You may also lend copies under the same conditions stated above and you may publicly display copies 3 COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies of the Document numbe
7. ackup the data if possible Resizing requires that all changes you made so far are commited to the disk o Moves the partition to another place on the hard disk You will be asked to select on which free space to put the partition and then prompted for a position and size in the same manner as when creating a new partition The new place of the partition can t overlap with the old one If this is what you need you should try using the resize function instead Moving the partition requires that all changes you made so far are commited to the disk y Copies another partition over the selected one This destroys all data on the current partition and requires all changes to be commited to the disk You are not limited to select a partition only from the device you are currently editing You will be asked about device and partition You can t copy an extended partition S Run a filesystem rescue by looking for deleted partitions within a free space It requires that everything is commited to the disk immediately Looking for partitions over the existing partitions is not supported and doesn t seem much meaningful but if you need it you can try deleting the partitions You can select the range where to look for partitions by pressing c or if you want to check the whole free space you should press g b Shows a list of the flags allowing you to change them You will most likely need this to make the partition bootable It is not re
8. ader palo MS DOS this flag can be enabled so that the partition can be used as a PReP boot partition on PowerPC PReP or IBM RS6K CHRP hardware Chapter 3 Bugs 3 Bugs There are no known bugs We are in early stages for development so be careful Chapter 4 See also 4 See also fdisk 8 mkfs 8 parted 8 Appendix A Copying this manual 10 Appendix A Copying this manual A 1 GNU Free Documentation License Version 1 1 March 2000 Copyright 2000 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin St Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed 0 PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual textbook or other written document free in the sense of freedom to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it with or without modifying it either commercially or noncommercially Secondarily this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others This License is a kind of copyleft which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense It complements the GNU General Public License which is a copyleft license designed for free software We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software because free softwar
9. as a Modified Version of the Document provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation Such a compilation is called an aggregate and this License does not apply to the other self contained works thus compiled with the Document on account of their being thus compiled if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate the Document s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate 8 TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License the original English version will prevail 9 TERMINATION You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License
10. commended to touch any flags other than the bootable flag Do not do it unless you know what they are for and have in mind that changing certain flags is known not to work You change the flag by pressing space or enter and you leave the list with Esc See the next section a description of all possible flags t Changes the system type on the partition This does not convert the filesystem it just changes the information stored in the partition This is useful for cases where the system type on the partition doesn t match the filesystem type for example you have an fat32 partition on an DOS type partition table having an ext2 filesystem on it Changing the system type is not really meaningful on all partition table types The default is to automatically determine the system type from the current filesystem with a You can also select a custom filesystem by pressing c but this is not recommended Direct choosing a specific system type is not supported m If the partition table type supports partition names this allows you to change it This is not working on all partition table types as the partition names could be used for other purposes like identifying the partition type or filesystem x If you have selected the extended partition this makes it as big as possible so you have more place for partitions inside it It should expand the partition up to the beginning of the first partition after it Chapter 2 Using cfdisk 6
11. e needs free documentation a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does But this License is not limited to software manuals it can be used for any textual work regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference 1 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License The Document below refers to any such manual or work Any member of the public is a licensee and is addressed as you A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it either copied verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document s overall subject or to related matters and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject For example if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters or of legal commercial philosophical et
12. hical or political position regarding them The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated as being those of Invariant Sections in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License Appendix A Copying this manual 11 The Cover Texts are certain short passages of text that are listed as Front Cover Texts or Back Cover Texts in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License A Transparent copy of the Document means a machine readable copy represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or for images composed of pixels generic paint programs or for drawings some widely avail able drawing editor and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent A copy that is not Transparent is called Opaque Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup Texinfo input format LaTEX input format SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD and standard conforming simple HTML designed for human modification Opaque formats include Post
13. ion it is destroyed Checks the consistency of the filesystem It is useful to see whether it is safe to perform operations like resize on the partitions It performs a very basic check on the filesystem so if you want to make a more thorough test or fix the errors on the filesystem you should an external utility like e2fsck for ext2 or reiserfsck for reiserfs Please note that the check is limited on some filesystem types ext2 ext3 and reiserfs at the time of writing of the manual but if the partition contains errors resize will gracefully fail without destroying the filesystem Resizes the partition without destroying the data on it or just changes the partition size The latter is useful if you want to resize the partition with external utilities or if you want to create a new filesystem on it Don t use it if you don t know what you are doing If resizing of the filesystem on the partition is supported you will be asked what to do Pressing r resizes while pressing just changes the partition size Then like when creating a new partition you will be asked to choose among the possible places and sizes to place the Chapter 2 Using cfdisk 5 partition The choices are between placing it at the beginning of the free space before it with b leaving its starting point fixed with s and placing it at end of the free space after it with e You are adviced to check the partition before performing resize and b
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16. ou want to change the partition table type or want to repartition you entire drive Note that this does not delete the old table on the disk until you commit the changes u units UNIT Sets the default display units to UNIT A list of possible units is given below t list partition types Displays a list of supported partition types and features 2 4 Units You can choose in what unit cfdisk should display quantities like partition sizes You can choose from sectors percents bytes kilobytes etc Note that one kilobyte is equal to 1 000 bytes as this is consistent with the SI prefixes and is used by hard disk manufacturers If you prefer to see the sizes in units with binary prefixes you should instead select one kilo binary byte kibibyte which is equal to 1 024 bytes Whatever display unit you have chosen you can always enter the quantities in the unit of your choice for example 1000000B or 1000kB compact Display each size in the most suitable unit from B kB MB GB and TB B One byte kB One kilobyte 1 000 bytes MB One megabyte 1 000 000 bytes GB One gigabyte 1 000 000 000 bytes TB One terabyte 1 000 000 000 000 bytes KiB One kilo binary byte 1 024 bytes MiB One mega binary byte 1 048 576 bytes GiB One giga binary byte 1 073 741 824 bytes TiB One tera binary byte 1 099 511 627 776 bytes s One sector It depends on the sector size of the disk You can use it if you want to see or choo
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19. se the exact size in sectors One percent from the size of the disk cyl One cylinder It depends on the cylinder size chs Use CHS display units 2 5 Usage GNU cfdisk uses a simple menu driven interface which attempts to be clear and easy to use It shows a list of the partitions showing basic information about them such as number size type and filesystem If the partition contains no filesystem on certain partition table types the partition system type is displayed in brackets You to navigate through the partitions using the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard You can perform actions on the Chapter 2 Using cfdisk 4 selected partition either by pressing their shortcut key or by navigating through the menu of actions with the left and right arrow and launching it by pressing the enter key Other choice menus are also usable with both shortcut keys and direct selection and the Esc key is usually used to cancel the choice The actions are not performed immediately but only after you decide to commit the changes to the disk Here is a list of the possible actions and their shortcut keys n If you have selected a free space creates a new partition residing on it The possible types of the new partition such as Primary Extended and Logical are shown in the type column in the partition list For example if the free space is part of the extended partition its type will be displayed as Logical If multiple types are possible a
20. ting system you should reboot your computer Quits the program If you have made changes and you haven t commited them to the disk they will be lost Displays a short help If you have reached this point it is highly unlikely that you need it 2 6 Flags boot lba root swap hidden raid Mac MS DOS PC98 should be enabled if you want to boot off the parti tion The semantics vary between disk labels For MS DOS disk labels only one partition can be bootable If you are installing LILO on a partition that partition must be bootable For PC98 disk labels all ext2 partitions must be bootable this is enforced by Parted MS DOS this flag can be enabled to tell MS DOS MS Windows 9x and MS Windows ME based operating systems to use Linear LBA mode Mac this flag should be enabled if the partition is the root device to be used by Linux Mac this flag should be enabled if the partition is the swap device to be used by Linux MS DOS PC98 this flag can be enabled to hide partitions from Microsoft operating systems MS DOS this flag can be enabled to tell linux the partition is a software RAID partition Chapter 2 Using cfdisk LVM PALO PREP MS DOS this flag can be enabled to tell linux the partition is a physical volume MS DOS this flag can be enabled so that the partition can be used by the Linux PA RISC boot lo
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22. ust after the title page Copyright C year your name Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1 1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with the Invariant Sections being list their titles with the Front Cover Texts being list and with the Back Cover Texts being list A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License If you have no Invariant Sections write with no Invariant Sections instead of saying which ones are invariant If you have no Front Cover Texts write no Front Cover Texts instead of Front Cover Texts being list likewise for Back Cover Texts If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license such as the GNU General Public License to permit their use in free software
23. ven program for creating and editing partition tables It has support for DOS and MAC type partition tables BSD and SUN type disklabels and others If you don t specify the device of the disk cfdisk tries to look for devices and opens the first device available On most GNU Linux distributions device is usually one of the following dev hda dev hdb dev sda dev sdb IDE disks are usually using dev hd a h for device names SCSI disks dev sd a pl The partitions will take the device name followed by the partition number e g dev hdal If you are using a GNU Linux operating system you can see usr src linuz Documentation devices tzt for more infomation on device naming A DOS type partition table can have up to four primary partitions which get numbers 1 4 One of the primary partitions may be used as an extended partition which is used as a container for more partitions which are called logical and take numbers starting from 5 A BSD SUN type disklabel can hold up to 8 partitions and an IRIX SGI type disk label called dvh in cfdisk can hold up to 16 2 3 Options h help Displays a help message v version Displays the program s version a arrow cursor Use an arrow cursor instead of reverse video highlighting in case your terminal doesn t support it Chapter 2 Using cfdisk 3 z new table Create a new partition table on the disk This is useful if y
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