public report.
Contents
1. Title Site Species Latitude Fertility rating Soil class Maximum ASW Minimum ASW Year planted Month planted End age Output ages Output Assigns text to identify single site ran output block Assigns name of site for a single site run Assigns name of species Site latitude ve for S hemisphere Fertility rating 0 1 Soil classification 1 4 or S SL CL C 0 for no soil water limits for default Maximum and minimum available soil water mm Calendar year and month in which stand was planted Stand age at which run ends years Identifies output ages in y amp m format Identifies 1 row for single site run output block Single site stand initialisation data Seedling mass Stand mass Initial WF Initial WR Initial WS Initial age Initial year Initial month Initial stocking Initial ASW Seedling biomass gm seedling Initial total stand biomass t ha only if seedling mass not given Initial foliage root and stem biomass t ha i e at initial year initial month only if seedling mass and stand mass are not given Initial stand age years and months only if stand mass is given Calendar year and month at which initialisation data is given only if seedling mass and stand mass are not given Initial stocking trees ha Initial available soil water mm Single site silvicultural events Fertility MinASW Irrigation Thinning Defoliation Vary block Identifies table of fertilit2. Age dependent modifier VPD dependent modifier Temperature dependent modifier Frost dependent modifier Soil water dependent modifier Nutrition dependent modifier Physiological modifier of canopy conductance Biomass production and allocation Gross primary production in current period Net primary production in current period Total solar radiation intercepted by canopy Canopy quantum efficiency after modifiers Light utilisation efficiency based on total biomass Light utilisation efficiency based on stem biomass Stem volume increment in current period FR modifier of root biomass allocation Fraction of NPP allocated to roots Fraction of NPP allocated to stems Fraction of NPP allocated to foliage Ratio of foliage to stem biomass allocation Current leaf litterfall rate Litter fall in current period Stem mortality Max mean tree stem mass at current stocking Density independent mortality rate Number of stems dying in current period Water use Supplemental irrigation to maintain 0 Osn Fraction of rainfall intercepted by canopy Rainfall intercepted by canopy in current period Canopy conductance Water use efficiency Evapotranspiration rate in current period Monthly transpiration rate in current period Available soil water Symbol Jage fo fr fr fo PFs ir amp C Er 3PGPJS name fAge fVPD fTemp fFrost fSW fNutr PhysMod GPP NPP Radint alphaC Epsilon StemEpsilon CVI m pR ps pF
3. contain mean maximum temperatures for January to December Then come mean minimum temperatures followed by total monthly rainfall etc Annual data for a station must be in consecutive rows but there can be blank rows between distinct stations 7 The SiteSeries run type A site series data sheet has the run type keyword SiteSeries It contains a single column of data with the keyword Sites as its heading and the names of single site multi site or sensitivity analysis sheets below this These sheets will be run as a series of independent runs Parsing for sheet names commences with the cell below Sites and proceeds downwards until a blank cell is obtained All other input is from the selected sheet and all output is directed to that sheet The net effect is the same as if the selected sites were run as individual runs 8 The Sensitivity analysis run type A worksheet is a sensitivity analysis sheet if its run type keyword is Sensitivity A series of single site runs are performed in which data on named single site sheets are updated by optional data on the sensitivity analysis sheet These runs are used to conduct sensitivity analyses of stand growth to site factors or 3 PG parameters 8 1 The sensitivity analysis data block The sensitivity analysis sheet contains one or more rectangular blocks of data with the keyword Sites in the top left corner All sensitivity analysis data blocks on a sheet are run and to stop a block from running re
4. soil texture Age modifier Maximum stand age used to computer relative age ty MaxAge yr 50 Power of relative age in fage Nage nAge 4 Relative age to give fage 0 5 Tage rAge 0 95 Conductance Maximum canopy conductance gc MaxCond ms 0 02 Canopy LAI for maximum canopy conductance Lx LAlgcx m m 3 33 Canopy boundary layer conductance gB BLcond ms 0 2 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 May 2004 3PGPJS Value for Description of parameter Symbol ene Units E globulus Stem mortality and self thinning Seedling mortality rate t 0 Yno gammaNo yr 0 Mortality rate for older stands large t YNI gammaNx yr 0 Age at which yy 2 ynot yYm1 tyn tgammaN yr 2 Shape of mortality response Nyn ngammaN z 1 Maximum stem mass per tree at 1000 trees ha W 5x1000 wSx1000 kg tree 300 Power in self thinning law ny thinPower 3 2 F 3 Fractions of foliage root and stem biomass pools per i R o R tree on each dying tree i mS g 02 Canopy structure and processes Specific leaf area Specific leaf area at stand age 0 Oo SLAO m kg 11 Specific leaf area for mature aged stands i SLA1 m kg 4 Age at which specific leaf area 2 09 0 te tSLA yr 2 5 Rainfall interception Maximum fraction of rainfall intercepted by canopy Rx Maxlintcptn 0 15 LAI for maximum rainfall interception Lix LAlmax m m 0 Intcptn Light interception production and respiration Extinction coefficient for PAR absorption by canopy k k 0 5 Age at full canopy cover fz ful
5. A detailed discussion of this code is inappropriate here so I confine my comments to the following e 3PGPIs is coded in Visual Basic coupled to MicroSoft Excel e have used Option Explicit so all variables are and must be explicitly defined e I have attempted to isolate code for distinct aspects of the user interface into the distinct modules e It is my intent that the interface be easily modified Code in the Generic_lO module avoids need to count and explicitly state which row or column a particular item of data is read from or written to The code knows where on the spreadsheet it is and updates this location after each i o operation Insertion of new input or output between existing items is thus very easy The 3PGPIJs code includes the following modules Main_Program comprises procedures that run 3PGPJs and are linked to the hot keys toolbar buttons and menu items The run type e g single site is detected and the appropriate procedure invoked which in turn runs the code for 3 PG Interface contains code defining the hotkeys toolbar and menu and the Disclaimer and About forms It uses the form frmAbout HelpSystem is code that controls access to the workbook based help system embodied in 3PGpijs help xls The_3PG_Model declares all 3 PG variables and parameters and contains code for the 3 PG model It should be possible to export just this module in order to use 3 PG in other applications Maths_routines comprises v
6. at a common date and with climate data drawn from a data base of average climate data MultiSite b The same as MultiSite a but illustrating growth following stand intialisation with a standard total stand biomass at a common age 3PGPJS vsn 2 4 16 May 2004 MultiSite c A multi site sheet illustrating the growth of a number of stands each initialised with site specific initial stand data All climate data is read from the climate database Tas Metdata and in the case of MultiSite c detailed results for each site are written to msDetails 10 7 Climate databases The sheets Qld Metdata and Tas Metdata illustrate climate databases in table and row formats respectively Qld Metdata includes a basic block of long term average climate data and a block comprising a series of years of distinct monthly climate data for the same site 11 Notes on the 3PGPJS code No 3PGPIs code is protected so you are free to modify it at will and at your responsibility The body of the code is in the file 3PGpjs xls including both the interface and the model itself and this is required 3PGPJS workbooks such as file 3PGpjs data xls also contain a small amount of code which is optional see Sec 11 2 11 1 The 3PGpjs xls workbook This workbook contains code for the model 3 PG itself code for the 3PGPJs interface including all input and output routines and code to create and remove the 3PGPJS menu toolbar hotkeys and Disclaimer and About forms
7. globulus determined by Sands and Landsberg 2002 Parameter values can also be specified on single site and sensitivity analysis sheets 3PGPJS assigns parameters in the following steps so the values used are those found on the active worksheet 1 The internal coded values are assigned 2 Default parameters for the species selected by the run are then read from 3PG_Parameters 3 Values given on single site sheets replace these default values 4 Fora sensitivity analysis parameters are then read from the sensitivity analysis sheet 3PGPJs also has run time options whose default values are specified on 3PG_Parameters Interpolate between silvicultural events determines how silvicultural event tables are treated Output frequency determines the frequency of output for stand development summaries Clear output region determines if potential output cells are cleared prior to fresh output Output variables for any single site run are defined 5 The SingleSite run type A single site sheet has the run type keyword SingleSite The keyword Site on a single site sheet identifies a name for the site The keyword Species identifies the name of the species to be used to select parameter sets from 3PG_Parameters If the species does not match a species on 3PG_Parameters or that sheet is not present in the workbook the parameter values coded into 3PGPIJS are used The minimum data required to run 3 PG are the following e Climate data Monthly
8. mean temperature solar radiation rainfall vapour pressure deficit and frost days e Site factors Site latitude maximum available water stored in the soil soil fertility rating e Initial conditions Stem root and foliage biomass stocking and soil water at some time e 3 PG parameters Parameters characterising the species modelled The following data are optional e Changes to default parameters e Silvicultural events e g changes in fertility rating or irrigation rates can be specified Data are provided on a single site sheet through three mandatory data blocks Climate data Site factors and Initialisation and optional blocks for parameter changes and silvicultural events Optional inputs control the output resolution monthly or annual and a list of output variables 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 8 May 2004 5 1 Mandatory single site data Climate data The source of climate data for a single site run is identified by the keyword Climate data Climate data for a weather station can be read from a climate database on a separate sheet or from a table on the single site sheet Full details of climate databases are given in Sec 6 The options are e If the cell to the right of Climate data contains a valid climate variable name Sec 6 the climate data is presented at this location in the form of a table with variables in columns and months in rows e If the cell to the right of Climate data does not contain a valid climate variable
9. name the cell below Climate data is examined to see if the table matches one of the formats employed in 3PGPIS version 1 e If it does not then the cell to the right of Climate data names a sheet containing a climate database Sec 6 and the single site sheet must also contain the keyword Met station naming the weather station whose climate data is to be used Site factor data The site factor data are identified by the following site factor keywords Latitude Site latitude ve for the S hemisphere Fertility rating Site fertility rating on a range of 0 for concrete to 1 for a highly fertile site Soil class Soil class in accordance with Table 2 used to specify the parameters cg and no Maximum ASW Maximum available water stored in the soil mm Minimum ASW The minimum allowed available soil water mm If actual available soil water falls below a non zero minimum it is assumed the shortfall is made up by an external source 3PGPIS totals this added water and can report it The location of site factor keywords is arbitrary but on the sample data sheets they are grouped below Site factor block Initialisation data Stand initialisation requires specification of the stand biomass pools on some initial date along with the year and month of planting the stocking and available soil water on the initial date and the age to which the stand is grown Experience shows that except for initial canopy development results are la
10. pFS gammaF Litter wSmax gammaN Mortality suplrrig fRainint Rainint CanCond WUE EvapTransp Transp ASW Units tpm ha tpm ha mol mol gpm MJ gpm MJ m ha month tpm ha kg tree month trees ha MJ m month 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 24 May 2004 Table 5 Climate data variables recognised by 3PGpjs Variable Units Meaning and comments name Tmax oC Monthly mean daily maximum temperature Tmin C Monthly mean daily minimum temperature Tav a Monthly mean temperature Rain mm Monthly rainfall month Pan evap mmd Monthly mean daily pan evaporation Solar rad MJ m d Monthly mean daily solar radiation Rain days dmonth Rainy days per month Frost days d month Frost days per month VPD mbar Monthly mean vapour pressure deficit Table 6 Names and description of site factors that can be controlled during a sensitivity analysis Variable name Description of site factor FR MaxASW MinASW SoilClass WFi WRi WSi StemNoi ASWi Fertility rating Maximum plant available soil water capacity Minimum plant available soil water capacity Soil class S SL CL C as per Table 2 Initial foliage biomass Initial root biomass Initial stem biomass Initial stand stocking Initial available soil water 25 May 2004
11. rather than values inferred from daily maximum and minimum temperatures If mean temperature or VPD are not available they can be computed from monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures Mean temperature is then the average of maximum and minimum temperatures VPD is calculated as half the difference between saturated vapour pressure at the maximum and minimum temperatures see also the workbook 3PGpjs Tools xls Frost days are optional and are zero by default Pan evaporation and rain days are ignored by 3PGPJs Their inclusion is so data can be shared with productivity models that require them e g PROMOD Battaglia and Sands 1997 Daylength is computed from site latitude as the daylength on the 15 day of each month 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 12 May 2004 6 2 Table format In table format climatic data are in a table with rows for months and columns for each variable Each table of climate data has one row for each month starting with January of the first year of data and proceeding to December of the last year The first row contains column headings the year the month and the variable names as in Table 5 A blank cell terminates parsing of names The name of the weather station from which a block of data is from must be in the cell above the Month heading of its table and is used by 3PGPIs to locate climate data for that station To use realistic sequences of climate data extend the climate data block downward by giving monthly data in
12. 004 Table 3 Description of 3 PG parameters their 3PGpjs names and default values for E globulus ae 3PGPJS Value for Description of parameter Symbol name Units E globulus Biomass partitioning and turnover Allometric relationships amp partitioning Ratio of foliage stem partitioning at B 2 cm p2 pFS2 1 Ratio of foliage stem partitioning at B 20 cm P20 pFS20 0 15 Constant in stem mass v diam relationship ds stemConst 0 095 Power in stem mass v diam relationship ns stemPower z 2 4 Maximum fraction of NPP to roots Nx pRx 0 8 Minimum fraction of NPP to roots Rn pRn 0 25 Litterfall amp root turnover Litterfall rate at t 0 Yro gammaF0 month 0 027 Litterfall rate for mature stands Yri gammaF1 month 0 001 Age at which litterfall rate has median value typ tgammaF month 12 Average monthly root turnover rate YR Rttover month 0 015 Growth modifiers Temperature modifier Minimum temperature for growth Eee Tmin C 8 5 Optimum temperature for growth Topit Topt C 16 Maximum temperature for growth Toaz Tmax C 40 Frost modifier Number of days production lost for each frost day kr kF days 0 Fertility modifiers Value of m when FR 0 mo mo 0 Value of fy when FR 0 fno fNO 1 Power of 1 FR in fy Nyy fNn 0 VPD modifier Defines stomatal response to VPD kp CoeffCond mbar 0 05 Soil water modifier Moisture ratio deficit which gives fo 0 5 Co SWceonst depend on Power of moisture ratio deficit in fo no SWpower
13. GooreRATIVE Researcu ENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION FORESTRY Technical Report 140 3PGPJS vsn 2 4 a user friendly interface to 3 PG the Landsberg and Waring model of forest productivity Peter Sands Public 3PGpjs vsn 2 4 a user friendly interface to 3 PG the Landsberg and Waring model of forest productivity Peter Sands Project B4 Modelling Productivity and Wood Quality Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Private Bag 12 Hobart 7001 Australia May 2004 i CRC for Sustainable Production Forestry CSIRO 3PGPuS a user friendly interface to 3 PG the Landsberg and Waring model of forest productivity Peter Sands CRC for Sustainable Production Forestry and CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Private Bag 12 Hobart 7001 Australia Peter Sands csiro au May 2004 Software versions 3PGPJs vsn 2 4 3 PG vsn May2004 Disclaimer 3PGPIs is available as freeware Neither CSIRO nor the CRC for Sustainable Production Forestry represent or warrant that the information in this report is accurate or complete or accept any responsibility for the use of 3PGPJS or of the model 3 PG in the form supplied with this document or subsequently modified by third parties This document and 3PGPJs do not constitute an endorsement of 3 PG CSIRO and the CRC for Sustainable Production Forestry disclaim liability for all loss damages and costs in
14. able as above get climate data from this sheet otherwise names climate data sheet Met station then required Met station Names climate data set when climate data for a single site read from climate data input sheet Database format Required on climate data sheet to identify database format Table format Table format variables in columns months in rows Row format Single row format one row per year Run time options Parameters Locates parameter change block for sheet specific parameter changes WF fraction WR fraction Fractions of initial stand biomass in foliage roots and stems WS fraction Interpolate lookups Yes gt apply linear interpolation between tabulated ages for silvicultural events Output data Assigns list of output variables for run Output frequency n none r end of rotation a annual m monthly Clear output Yes gt clear output region before running 3 PG Details sheet Name of output sheet for details of single site runs missing gt no details produced Table 2 Soil classes and corresponding parameter assignments Soil class Soil class Predominant Soil parameters index code character of soil Co no 1 S Sandy 0 7 9 2 SL Sandy loam 0 6 7 3 CL Clay loam 0 5 5 4 L Clay 0 4 3 Non standard soil class use values for cg and ng from the parameter set 0 No effect of available soil water on production or conductance i e fsw 1 3PGPus vsn 2 4 20 M zz ooz O oocoo0oo0oo0oo0oo0o0o0 May 2
15. accessing on line help opening the 3PGpjs Tools xls workbook displaying the About form and unloading 3PGpjs 3 3 Use of keywords All input data is provided in data blocks and 3PGPJS uses keywords to locate a data block and to determine the nature of the data therein The leading characters of a keyword must be as given in 3PGPus vsn 2 4 7 May 2004 Table 1 In this report keywords are shown in bold italic Arial type e g Output data Keywords often have data associated with them usually in the cell or cells to the right of the keyword In response to questions y or yes signify Yes and any other input is No The format case font size colour of keywords and all other input is ignored 4 Specification of 3 PG parameters and options The 3 PG parameters that characterise a species are given on a worksheet named 3PG_Parameters This must have the form shown in 3PGpjs data xls Columns to the right of the Units column contain the parameter values for the species named at the head of the column Do not edit parameter names but you may edit parameter values or add columns of values for new species The species selected by a Species keyword on the running sheet is compared with the species names on 3PG_Parameters to select the parameters to be used in a run If parameters for this species are not on 3PG_Parameters or this sheet is not in the active workbook internal values are used The latter are the default values for E
16. applied in equal monthly instalments Thinning Residual stocking trees ha after thinning at the nominated age and biomass pools of each tree removed by the thinning expressed as a fraction of the foliage root and stem biomass of an average single tree in the stand at thinning Fractions greater than 1 simulate thinning from above Defoliation fraction of current foliage remaining after defoliation at the nominated age The format of the Silvicultural event data blocks on a single site sheet must be as shown in the sample data sheets but their location size and content are flexible 3PGPus vsn 2 4 10 May 2004 The Fertility and Irrigation tables give the ages at which the relevant variable has the tabulated value These tables can be treated in two ways a the variable has the tabulated value up to and including the tabulated age i e it is constant between tabulated ages and jumps to a new value at the tabulated ages or b the variable is determined by linear interpolation between tabulated values or has the first or last tabulated value for ages outside the tabulated ages If the Interpolate lookups option is set to Yon the 3PG_Parameters sheet option b applies The Thinning and Defoliation tables specify what happens at the tabulated ages and the nterpolate lookups option has no effect on these tables Important note 3 PG does not appear to respond correctly to thinning or defoliation particularly in relation to
17. arious mathematical routines used in the 3 PG model code Climate includes code to read and pre process climatic data in various formats Data_Input includes the 3PGPJs procedures for parsing all executable worksheets and for reading site factors initial conditions silvicultural events etc Data_Output includes procedures for displaying detailed intermediate results annual or monthly summaries of stand development and output from sensitivity analyses or multi site runs 3PGPus vsn 2 4 17 May 2004 Generic_lO is a module of generic procedures and functions that assist the implementation of input from and output to worksheets Dictionaries comprises a dictionary of the names of all valid 3PGPJS parameters and output variables Parameters comprises code for reading and assigning 3 PG parameters When 3PGpijs xls is opened code in its copy of ThisWorkbook displays the Disclaimer and About forms creates the hotkeys and displays the toolbar and menu item Additional code in ThisWorkbook removes the hotkeys toolbar and menu items when 3PGpijs xls is closed 11 2 The 3PGpjs data xls workbook The workbook 3PGpjs data xls and workbooks copied from it contain code in its ThisWorkbook module This code only acts when the workbook is opened or closed opening the workbook in turn loads the Excel add in 83PGpjs xla closing the workbook unloads the add in This code is required to properly associate 3PGPJS with a workbook Accordingly wh
18. ated as for single site runs Sec 5 1 Default biomass fractions pr pr and ps can be changed using the optional keywords WF fraction WR fraction and WS fraction respectively The keywords appear in the generic site data block and apply to all sites in the multi site run c To initialise each site in a multisite run by site specific data do NOT use the keywords Seedling mass or Stand mass In each case site specific data required for each site are specified in the multi site data block 3PGPus vsn 2 4 14 May 2004 Other common site data Other data common to all sites in a multi site run and included in the common site data block are as follows e The species name is to the right of the keyword Species e The name of the climate database is to the right of the keyword Climate sheet e Stand development is simulated up to the age given by the keyword Stand age 9 2 Silvicultural events Silvicultural events can be specified for sites run from a multi site sheet by including the relevant silvicultural event tables on that sheet The following rules apply e The same event tables are applied to every site run from this multi site sheet e If FR is specified by a silvicultural event table the value of FR applied is the value specified by this table multiplied by the basic value specified for that site in the multi site data block e If minASW is specified by a silvicultural event table this value replaces the values specified in the m
19. berg 2002 but is ideally suited for production runs at a single site or across a moderate number of sites The structure of 3PGPJS is guided by the experience of myself and others using 3 PG as a research tool I have greatly appreciated this assistance Comments ideas and requests are always welcome The interface allows runs of several types e a single site run in which all data for a single site are specified on a worksheet and a detailed summary of stand development is written to that worksheet e a sensitivity analysis in which stand growth is simulated for a series of site factors or 3 PG parameters and selected output from all runs is written to a single worksheet e a multi site run in which stand growth at a series of sites is simulated and selected output from all runs is written to a single worksheet 3PGPJS permits site factors and parameters to be age dependent This simulates silvicultural intervention and aids the study of consequences to changes in site conditions e g due to fertilisation or irrigation or a natural run down of site conditions The 3 PG code embodied in 3PGPJs differs in several ways from 3 PG as described in Landsberg and Waring 1997 The differences are the result of experience applying 3 PG to numerous data sets and in response to attempts to parameterise the model to various species e g see Sands and Landsberg 2002 I also changed how relationships are parameterised to make parameters more in
20. biomass partitioning after the event so use these events with extreme care For example after thinning or defoliation stands usually grow towards a closed canopy through changes in biomass partitioning However partitioning in 3 PG is currently based only on average stem diameter and hence cannot respond dynamically to thinning or defoliation 5 4 Changing parameters and site factors with stand age The concept of a vary block allows species specific parameters and site factors to be changed at specific ages during stand development A vary block is identified by the keywords Vary block in its top left hand corner The second row of the vary block contains column headings in pairs where the left member of each pair is the key word Age and the right member is the name of a parameter or site factor These two columns contain ages in ascending order and the value of the corresponding parameter or factor and can be of any length but must be of the same length There can only be one vary block on a single site sheet but any number of pairs of columns can be included in it Parsing for data is terminated when a blank cell is found in lieu of the keyword Age The value of the keyword InterpolateLookups used in the context of silvicultural events determines whether the actual value of the varied parameter or site factor is found by linear interpolation or direct look up 5 5 Single site output 3 PG uses a monthly time step The time of planting in
21. bitrary A blank cell in the column of parameter names terminates parsing of parameters If either of the parameters Swconst or Swpower are included in the parameters data block the values implied by the soil class given in the site factors data block will be overwritten The format of the Parameters data block on a single site sheet must be as shown in the sample data sheets but the location size and content are flexible A vary block can also be used to change parameter values at specific stand ages see below 5 3 Silvicultural events Optional silvicultural events are defined by tables specifying how site fertility minimum available soil water or annual total irrigation vary with stand age or the time and effects of thinning or defoliation events Keywords that identify these silvicultural event tables are Fertility Irrigation Thinning and Defoliation respectively The location of these tables is arbitrary Each table is of arbitrary depth The left hand column contains its keyword e g Fertility below which is Age and a series of stand ages Columns to the right contain the variables that define the events A blank cell in the Age column terminates parsing of the table The required inputs for each age in the various tables are Fertility Site fertility rating in the range 0 1 Values assigned by this table will override the value of FR given as part of the site factor data Irrigation Irrigation rate ML ha yr but
22. curred by any person as a result of relying on the information in this document and or the associated software 3 PG was developed by Joe Landsberg and Dick Waring Enquiries concerning 3 PG should be directed to Joe Landsberg email jlandsberg netspeed com au Enquiries or suggestions concerning 3PGPJS are welcome and should be directed to the author 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 2 May 2004 Contents Change history for 3 PG Change history for 3PGPJs 1 2 3 Introductory remarks Installation of 3PGPJs Running 3 PG 3 1 The 3PGPIs run types 3 2 General comments on 3PGPJs runs 3 3 Use of keywords Specification of 3 PG parameters and options The SingleSite run type 5 1 Mandatory single site data Climate data Site factor data TInitialisation data 5 2 Parameters data block 5 3 Silvicultural events 5 4 Changing parameters and site factors with stand age 5 5 Single site output Stand development summary Selecting output at specific stand ages Detailed 3 PG output Climate databases 6 1 Climatic variables 6 2 Table format 6 3 Row format The SiteSeries run type The Sensitivity analysis run type 8 1 The sensitivity analysis data block 8 2 Sensitivity analysis output The MultiSite run type 9 1 Common site data TInitialisation of multi site runs Other common site data 9 2 Silvicultural events 9 3 Multi site input data Initialisation with seedlings or a common stand biomass cases a and b Initialisation with site s
23. e site run can be directed to a sheet specified using the Details sheet key word Each single site sheet can have its own details sheet if desired Changes in vsn 2 3 e Initialisation of stands for both single site and multi site runs generalised can specify stand age at initialisation or seedling biomass or total biomass and fractions in pools Changes in vsn 2 4 e User can specify stand ages at which output is required e Ability to specify ages at which any site factor or parameter changes e Site series runs can now run any single site sensitivity or multi site sheets 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 5 May 2004 1 Introductory remarks 3 PG is a dynamic process based model of forest growth Landsberg and Waring 1997 that runs on a monthly time step using monthly climatic data 3PGPJS is an Excel spreadsheet based interface to 3 PG and can be downloaded from http www ffp csiro au fap 3pg It is written in Visual Basic for Applications and provides the user considerable flexibility with no need to modify computer code Normal spreadsheet operations are available with 3PGPJs The user can use these to transform or display 3 PG output e g to compute variables not provided by 3 PG graph stand development with observed data superimposed or show how stand characteristics depend on 3 PG parameters It was designed primarily to facilitate the use of 3 PG in a research setting e g its adaptation to novel species or situations Sands and Lands
24. en creating a new workbook for using 3PGPJs it should be based on a copy of 3PGpjs data xls Otherwise the use will have to load and unload the 3PGPJs add in manually using the Excel Tools Addins menu 12 References Battaglia M and Sands P J 1997 Modelling site productivity of Eucalyptus globulus in response to climatic and site factors Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24 831 850 Landsberg J J and Waring R H 1997 A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation use efficiency carbon balance and partitioning Forest Ecology and Management 95 209 228 Sands P J and Landsberg J J 2002 Parameterisation of 3 PG for plantation grown Eucalyptus globulus Forest Ecology and Management 163 273 292 Sands P J 2004 Adaptation of 3 PG to novel species guidelines for data collection and parameter assignment Technical Report 141 CRC for Sustainable Production Forestry Hobart Australia 3PGPus vsn 2 4 18 May 2004 Table 1 Summary of 3PGpjs keywords and their action Keyword Comments on context and meaning Mandatory or optional Identification of run type Run type SingleSite SiteSeries Sensitivity MultiSite Assigns nature of run to be performed based on following run type keywords Identifies a single site run Identifies a series of sheets to run Identifies a sensitivity analysis run Identifies a multi site run Single site site data and output controls
25. evelopment for a single site Climate data site factors initial conditions optional changes to 3 PG parameters and data defining silvicultural events can be read from a single sheet the single site sheet Climate data can be obtained from a database on a separate sheet A monthly or annual summary of stand development is written to the single site sheet A listing of most 3 PG variables can be written to the 3 PG_results worksheet e A site series run simulates stand development at a series of sites or runs any number of single site multi site and sensitivity analysis sheets The site series sheet lists the names of the sheets to be run and all input output for each sheet is from to that sheet Each sheet runs independently of the others e A sensitivity analysis is a repeated run of one or more sites to perform a sensitivity analysis of stand growth to initial conditions climatic or site factors or 3 PG parameters The sensitivity analysis sheet lists the names of the single site sheet or sheets and specifies modifications to 3 PG parameters or site factors for each site It also lists the required output variables Primary output is to the sensitivity analysis sheet and the single site sheets are unchanged Standard single site output from the individual runs can be written to a named output sheet e A multi site run simulates stand development at a large number of sites over a specified rotation using standardised initial conditions The mu
26. fects of silvicultural events can now be interpolated between tabulated values Changes in vsn 2 3 e None Changes in vsn 2 4 e Probability of death introduced e Calculation of stand volume and stand height from allometric relationships e Calculation of long term stem biomass growth rate Change history for 3PGpjs Changes in vsn 2 Output can be monthly the stand can be planted or the simulation initialised in any month Spreadsheet based database of climatic data can be established and used The user can specify output variables for the stand development summary Thinning and defoliation are available as silvicultural options Multi site runs allow many sites to be run simultaneously Changes to the interface include menu bars and buttons 3PGPJs can be loaded as an Excel add in Changes in vsn 2 2 e Loading and unloading of the add in has been improved I think e A workbook based interactive help system is available e The various tools have been moved to an independent workbook e Thinning and defoliation are now specified by default by fractions rather than but still works Silvicultural events can be applied to the sites run with a multi site option e Additional output variables are available e g current volume increment water use efficiency and intercepted rainfall Some output variable names have been changed you will get unknown if you use an invalid name e Detailed output from a singl
27. gle site output for each site in the multi site run can be written to a selected sheet named by the keyword Output sheet If it does not exist it is created and if it does exist it is cleared of all existing data The output frequency is set by the keyword Output frequency and the output variables are the current default output variables together with those selected by Output data 3PGPus vsn 2 4 15 May 2004 10 About the worksheets in 3PGpjs data xls The worksheets in the 3PGpjs data xls workbook are working examples The following are basic comments on these 10 1 Contents and Instructions Contents is a brief description of each sample worksheet and is hyper linked to these sheets Instructions describes the toolbar and menu options 10 2 The 3PGPJs Parameters worksheet The 3PG_Parameters worksheet has the standard name and format for a worksheet giving species specific 3 PG parameters Further details are in Sec 4 The values shown for the species E globulus are also the values hard coded into 3PGPIJS 10 3 Single site examples The following sheets illustrate features of single site runs but the analyses are purely illustrative and should not be assumed to be realistic Forcett a This is a basic 3PGPJs run It has climate data on the worksheet plots observed v predicted data and uses a Parameters block to assign some non default parameters Forcett b The same site as for Forcett a but illustrates stand initialisati
28. itial stand conditions and all output are at the end of a calendar month Thus if the stand is initialised in June the first monthly output will be for the end of July and the output at the end of the each annual cycle will be at the end of June Stand development summary A single site run writes a summary of stand development to the single site sheet The location of this output and the default output variables and frequency specified on the 3PG_Parameters sheet can be changed by keywords on the single site sheet The location of single site output is identified by the keyword Output and output commences in column 1 of the row containing this keyword If Clear output region has been selected on 3PG_Parameters 3PGPJs clears a rectangular region of the sheet prior to writing any output This region has as its top left corner the cell in column 1 of the first output row The bottom right corner is found by scanning down to the last non blank cell and then right to the last non blank cell This region depends on existing data and hence may not correspond to the actual output region used To preserve existing output remove the from the keyword Output The default output frequency is set by Output frequency on 3PG_Parameters To change this include on the single site sheet the keyword Output frequency and enter to its right 1 r or rotation for output at the end of the run 2 a or annual for annual output or 3 m or monthly for mo
29. lCanAge yr 0 Maximum canopy quantum efficiency ac alpha 0 06 Ratio NPP GPP Y Y 0 47 Wood and stand properties Branch amp bark fraction Branch and bark fraction at stand age 0 PBB fracBBO 0 75 Branch and bark fraction for mature aged stands Pee fracBB1 0 15 Age at which PBB Y2 Pppot Pepi BB tBB yr 2 Basic density Minimum basic density for young trees Po tm 0 5 Maximum basic density for older trees p rhoMax tm 0 5 Age at which p density of old and young trees is tRho yr 4 Stem height allometric relationship Constant in stem height relationship ay aH 0 Power of DBH in stem height relationship NyB nHB 0 Power of stocking in stem height relationship NyN nHN 0 Stem volume allometric relationship Constant in stem volume relationship ay av 0 Power of DBH in stem volume relationship nyg nVB 0 Power of stocking in stem volume relationship NyN nVN 0 Conversion factors Intercept of net radiation v solar radiation relationship Qa Qa W m 90 Slope of net radiation v solar radiation relationship Qs Qb 0 8 Molecular weight of dry matter gDM_mol g mol 24 Conversion of solar radiation to PAR molIPAR_MJ mol MJ 2 3 3PGPus vsn 2 4 22 May 2004 Table 4 Names and description of 3PGPJS output variables 3PGPJS Description of output variable Symbol Units name Site and management attributes Soil class SoilClass s Fertility rating FR FR Maximum available soil water Osx maxASW mm Minimum available soil
30. lti site sheet lists the names of the sites and their basic site factors and specifies the required output Climatic data are contained on a climate data sheet Primary output is to the multi site sheet but standard single site output for all sites can be written to a named output sheet A cell near the top left hand corner of 3PGpjs worksheets contains the keyword Run type The cell to the right of this contains the run type keyword and determines how data on this sheet will be treated by 3PGPJs The run type keywords for the above four run types are SingleSite SiteSeries Sensitivity and MultiSite respectively and sample spreadsheets for each are in 3PGpjs data xls Pressing the 3PGPJs run button causes the run type keyword to be examined and the appropriate run initiated Error checking is performed during data input and model execution The interface exits gracefully with a meaningful error message under those circumstances I managed to contrive Press Ctrl Pause to interrupt execution 3 2 General comments on 3PGPIS runs When 3PGPIJs is loaded a disclaimer and conditions of use are displayed If you agree press Y or click the Yes button otherwise you cannot run 3 PG Loading 3PGpjs creates a menu item on the menu bar buttons on a toolbar and short cut keys for some menu and toolbar items The toolbar is by default in the bottom left of the screen but it can be dragged to any other location The menu includes items for running 3PGpjs
31. move its Sites keyword 3PGPus vsn 2 4 13 May 2004 Each sensitivity analysis data block comprises adjacent columns of data The left most column has the keyword Sites as its heading and lists the names of the single site sheets to run Names are parsed by scanning down until a blank cell is encountered The top row contains the names of 3 PG parameters site factors or initial conditions as headings to columns of data to the right of the Sites column and the columns contain the values of the corresponding data for each site Valid names of parameters or site factors and initial conditions are given in Table 3 and Table 6 respectively Headings are parsed by scanning to the right A blank cell or a cell that does not contain a known parameter site factor or initial condition terminates parsing Further columns are assumed to be output data Note that FR and minASW can be assigned as part of a sensitivity analysis data block only if they are not specified with silvicultural event tables on the single site data sheet 8 2 Sensitivity analysis output Sensitivity analysis output is directed to the sensitivity analysis sheet none is written to individual single site sheets or to the Details sheets for the single site runs Output variables are selected using the keyword Output data on the sensitivity analysis sheet The corresponding outputs are in columns to the right of the sensitivity analysis data block which are first cleared if Clear outpu
32. multiples of 12 months so one year follows another If the year column contains values in the January row these are assumed to be the year of the corresponding climate data and a single site run will read climate data starting with the first year of the simulation based on the year of planting and initial stand age If insufficient data is available for the run 3 PG will then cycle through this data starting again at the initial year If only a single year s data is given it is used for all years of a run This would be the case when using long term mean data 6 3 Row format In row format climatic data are provided as consecutive rows of data one for each year for each station If a run spans more years than the number of years for which data is provided the data is recycled If there is only a single row of data for a station it is used for all years of the run The names of the climatic variables as in Table 5 provided on the sheet are in the cells to the right of the keyword Climate data and a blank cell terminates scanning for names The order of these names determines the order of the climate data in the database Column A contains the station name 3PGPJS locates data for a station by searching column A for the station name and if a station cannot be located execution terminates Subsequent groups of 12 columns contain climatic data for January to December For example in the case of MetData2 the first group of 12 columns B M
33. nthly output Note that if output is annual some variables e g canopy LAI are the annual averages of 3PGPus vsn 2 4 11 May 2004 monthly values or annual increments e g current volume increment rather than monthly increments The default single site output variables are the Output data specified on the 3PG_Parameters sheet Additional variables can be requested by listing their names as in Table 4 in cells to the right of the keyword Output data In all output variables lists parsing for variable names terminates when a blank cell is encountered in the row containing the Output data keyword The keyword Title can be used to provide a title or comment that is printed with the single site output This is useful to identify distinct blocks of output on the same single site sheet simply change the text of the title before making a distinct run Selecting output at specific stand ages The keywords Output ages specify the stand ages at which output is produced The ages are listed in the cells to the right of Output ages in the format y amp m described above Sec 5 1 and output is produced only for the initial age and the ages listed These ages must be an increasing sequence The keywords Output frequency are ignored Detailed 3 PG output Detailed output of many 3 PG variables can be written to a worksheet To do this use the Details sheet keyword to specify the name of this sheet If desired each single site sheet can have its
34. on with seedling data Mortality Illustrates the mortality submodel SE Qld a Data from a notional site in SE Qld is used to illustrate the use of a climatic data base on an independent worksheet the specification of silvicultural events and the generation of output only at specific ages SE Qld b The same site as for SE Qld a but this time illustrating the use of annual series of real met data taken from a climatic data worksheet and the specification of thinning and defoliation events 10 4 A sensitivity analysis This sheet examines the sensitivity of canopy development to litterfall patterns by running the same site with a range of parameter values Results from two runs are shown each with its own sensitivity analysis data block and in each of which a different parameter controlling litterfall was varied over a range of values Graphs were constructed using normal spreadsheet techniques 10 5 A site series run This example runs five distinct 3PGPJS worksheets Note that the sheet SE Qld does not exist so the result of its run is listed as aborted 10 6 The Multi site examples The following sheets illustrate various ways in which mutli site runs can be structured and simulate production for a series of E globulus sites in SE Tasmania and SW Western Australia Battaglia and Sands 1997 Sands and Landsberg 2002 MultiSite a A basic multi site sheet illustrating the growth of a number of stands grown from planting
35. own Details sheet If the named sheet does not exist it is created and it is cleared if Clear output region is on If annual stand output is selected this detailed output is generated only for each month of the last year of the run or if monthly stand output is selected for each month of each year A detailed annual summary of stand level data is provided for all years irrespective of the output frequency 6 Climate databases Climatic data can be provided on a single site data sheet or on a sheet forming a climatic database containing data from one or more weather stations There are two database formats e table format where climatic data for each site is a table with climatic variables in columns and months as rows or e row format where climatic data for each year of each site is provided as a single row The format is indicated by the key word Database format with values Table format or Row format respectively Examples are the sheets MetData1 and MetData2 respectively 6 1 Climatic variables 3 PG requires the following climatic variables monthly mean daily temperature solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit VPD total monthly rainfall and total frost days per month 3PGPJS recognises climatic variables by the names given in Table 5 and which variables are in a climatic database are determined by keywords on the sheet Note that when supplying VPD values it is preferable to use values based on the daylight hours only
36. pecific biomass data case c 9 4 Multi site output 10 About the worksheets in 3PGpjs data xls 10 1 Contents and Instructions 10 2 The 3PGPJs Parameters worksheet 10 3 Single site examples 10 4 A sensitivity analysis 10 5 A site series run 10 6 The Multi site examples 10 7 Climate databases 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 3 Oo O0OS0TF BANNAN A A A A 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 May 2004 11 Notes on the 3PGPJS code 11 1 The 3PGpjs xls workbook 11 2 The 3PGpjs data xls workbook 12 References Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Summary of 3PGpjs keywords and their action Soil classes and corresponding parameter assignments Description of 3 PG parameters their 3PGpjs names and default values for E globulus Names and description of 3PGPJs output variables Climate data variables recognised by 3PGpjs Names and description of site factors that can be controlled during a sensitivity analysis 17 17 18 18 19 20 21 23 25 25 3PGPus vsn 2 4 4 May 2004 Change history for 3 PG Changes in vsn 2 e Mortality is applied monthly the self thinning law is satisfied after mortality has been applied e Rainfall interception depends on canopy LAI e The user can modify the radiation conversion in the Penman Monteith equation Changes in vsn 2 2 e The effect of FR on alpha has been generalised e Basic density can be age dependent e Ef
37. rgely independent of seedling biomass and partitioning Sands and Landsberg 2002 The initial biomass pools can be specified in three ways a The individual stand biomass pools t ha at some age are given using the keywords Initial WF Initial WR and Initial WS b The total stand biomass t ha at some age is given by the keyword Stand mass c The biomass of seedlings gm seedling at planting is given by the keyword Seedling mass Case c takes precedence over b which takes precedence over a In c total stand biomass is determined from the seedling biomass and stand stocking In b and c the proportions pr pr and ps are used to partition the total stand biomass into the foliage root and stem pools respectively The default values pr 50 pr 25 and ps 25 can be changed using optional keywords WF fraction WR fraction and WS fraction respectively The initial date can be specified in two ways a The keywords Initial year and Initial month specify the calendar year and month of the initial date b The initial stand age in years and months is specified by the keyword Initial age 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 9 May 2004 c If Seedling mass is specified the initial age is 0 and keywords Initial year Initial month and Initial age are ignored Case c takes precedence over b which takes precedence over a The format for ages given by Initial age is y amp m y and m are integers for the year and month respectivel
38. t region is set Detailed single site output for each run in an analysis can be written to a selected sheet by using the keyword Output sheet to specify the name of this sheet If it does not exist it is created and if it does exist it is cleared of all existing data The output frequency is set by the keyword Output frequency on the sensitivity analysis sheet and the output variables are the current default output variables together with those selected by the Output data keyword 9 The MultiSite run type A multi site sheet has the run type keyword MultiSite A multi site run is a simple way to simulate stand development at a large number of sites Data common to all sites are specified in the common site data block including details on how the stands are initialised Data specific to each site are given in the multi site data block identified by the keyword Sites and which contains a single row of data for each site 9 1 Common site data TInitialisation of multi site runs Multi site runs can be initialised in the same three ways as can single site runs Sec 5 1 The precedence order is a b and then c a To initialise all sites in a multi site run by seedlings at planting specify the seedling mass gm seedling by the keywords Seedling mass b To initialise all sites by a common stand biomass t ha at some initial age years amp months use the keywords Stand mass and Initial age respectively These two cases are tre
39. tuitively meaningful A detailed mathematical description of 3 PG is available in a companion report on guidelines for applying 3 PG to novel species Sands 2004 The version of 3 PG implemented in 3PGPJs also differs from some other implementations of 3 PG worldwide It is anticipated that future work will attempt to critically examine some of the innovations in these other implementations and incorporate these and other planned modifications into the 3PGPJS implementation 2 Installation of 3PGPJs 3PGPJS can be downloaded from _http www ffp csiro au fap 3pg and the program package includes the following Excel workbooks e 3PGpjs xls the 3PGPJs code which can be used to create the add in e 3PGpjs data xls sample spreadsheets with macros to load unload the 3PGPJs add in e 3PGpjs tools xls a workbook of useful tools for the 3PGPJS user e 3PGpjs help xls a basic workbook based interactive help system e 3PGpjs doc this User Manual e 3PGpjsUpdates doc summary of updates in the current release e 3PGpjs ReadMeFirst doc installation notes 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 6 May 2004 3PGPIJs should be installed as a Microsoft Excel add in since only a single copy of code is then stored common to all spreadsheets and working files are smaller Full details of the installation process are in the file ReadmeFirst Doc 3 Running 3 PG 3 1 The 3PGPJs run types The interface allows various modes of operation e A single site run simulates stand d
40. ulti site data block 9 3 Multi site input data The keyword Sites identifies the multi site data block This contains a single row of data for each site The names in the Sites column are used to select climate data stations from a climate database Other essential items of data are in columns to the right of the sites column and in the following order depending on which of Options a c for initialising the stands has been nomianted Initialisation with seedlings or a common stand biomass cases a and b The data items required for each site are latitude fertility rating soil type Table 2 maximum available soil water mm minimum available soil water mm and initial stand stocking trees ha 1 Initialisation with site specific biomass data case c The data items required for each site are latitude fertility rating soil type maximum available soil water mm minimum available soil water mm initial age initial stand foliage root and stem biomass t ha and initial stocking trees ha The initial age is specified in years amp months in the format used for the Initial age keyword 9 4 Multi site output Standard output from a multi site run is directed to the multi site sheet and the keyword Output data on the multi site sheet is used to select output variables from those listed in Table 4 Output is displayed in columns to the right of the stocking column in the multi site data block Detailed sin
41. water Osn minASW mm Climatic factors Day length sunrise to sunset h DayLength sd Mean number of frost days per month dr FrostDays d month Mean daily incident solar radiation Q SolarRad MJ m q Mean daily temperature Ta Tav C Mean day time VPD D VPD mbar Mean monthly precipitation Rp Rain mm month Applied irrigation Ry Irrig mm month Stand attributes Stand age t StandAge yr Stand stocking N StemNo trees ha Stand basal area A BasArea m ha Stand volume excluding branch amp bark V StandVol m ha Stand based mean DBH B avDBH cm Mean annual volume increment MAI m ha yr Peak MAI of stand to the current stand age MAIx m ha yr Stand age at which MAI peaked ageMAIx yr Long term average stem biomass growth rate ItStemGR kg ha yr Canopy attributes Specific leaf area re SLA m kg Fraction of ground area covered by canopy CanCover Canopy LAI L LAI m m Peak canopy LAI up to the current stand age LAIx m m Stand age at which LAI peaked ageLAlx yr Biomass pools Foliage biomass Wr WF tom ha Root biomass Wr WR tom ha Stem biomass including branches and bark Ws WS tom ha Total biomass TotalW tom ha Mean stem biomass per tree ws AvStemMass _ kgpy tree Basic density p Density tom m Fraction of stem biomass as branch and bark PBB fracBB Accumulated litter fall TotalLitter tpm ha 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 23 May 2004 Description of output variable Growth modifiers
42. y and amp is any non numeric string For example if the initial age is 3 years and 7 months the following set this age 3 7 3 7 3yr7mth If m 12 m is reduced by 12 and y increased by 1 until m lt 12 Thus Oyr 13m is 1 year and 1 month Dates of planting and stand initialisation are assumed to be at the end of the calendar month The initial age is the time from the planting to the initial month and year For example if the month and year planted are April 1990 and the initial month and year are June 1995 initial stand age is 5 years 2 months and the first month of the run will use climate data for July Finally additional data required to initialise a stand are as follows The keywords e Year planted and Month planted give the calendar year and month of planting e Stocking and Soil water specify the initial stocking trees ha and available soil water mm and e End age specifies the age years to which the stand is to be grown The location of the above initialisation keywords is arbitrary but on the sample data sheets they are grouped below Initialisation block 5 2 Parameters data block The optional parameters data block is identified by the keyword Parameters Parameter names see Table 3 or the Names column on 3PG_Parameters are listed in cells immediately below the Parameters keyword with their value in the cell to the right The number of parameters that can be specified this way is ar
43. y ratings 0 1 Identifies table of values of imposed MINASW mm Identifies table of applied irrigation rates MI ha yr Identifies table of thinning events Identifies table of defoliation events Identifies series of tables of age dependent changes to parameters or site factors Sensitivity analysis and site series runs Sites Multi site run Climate data Species Seedling mass Stand mass Initial age Month planted Stand age Sites 3PGPuS vsn 2 4 Names of single site sheets to be run must be below Sites Assigns name of climate input data sheet Assigns name of species Assigns common seedling biomass Assigns common total initial stand biomass only if seedling mass not given Assigns common initial stand age only if stand mass is given Sets month in which stand was planted Assigns maximum stand age for multi site runs Names of climate data sets to be used must be below Sites 19 M SZOSSOZSEZSEEZOOO ZZ0O0CCO0O000 OOO0000 ZOCCCOCCEs May 2004 Keyword Comments on context and meaning Mandatory or optional Climate input data Climate data On climate data sheet Keywords to right of Climate data identify input variables on this sheet or table Variables recognised are Tmax Tmin Tav VPD Rain Solar Rad or Radtn Pan evap or Evap rain days and Frost days On multi site sheet names climate data input sheet On single site sheet If cell to right of Climate data is a climate vari
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