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1. KBT 14 Khazai B Burton C G Tormene P Power C Bernasocchi M Daniell J and Wyss B 2014 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit and Database for Earthquake Risk Assessment Proceed ings of the Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology European Association of Earthquake Engineering and European Seismological Commission Istanbul Turkey TAT12 Tate E C 2012 Social vulnerability indices a comparative assessment using uncertainty and sensitivity analysis Natural Hazards 63 2 325 347 262. Deductive models typically contain fewer than ten indicators that are normalized and aggregated to create an index Hierarchical models typically employ ten to twenty indicators that are separated into groups sub indices that share the same underlying dimension of a concept in this case socio economic parameters of earthquake risk such as population economy infrastructure educa tion and governance Individual indicators are aggregated into sub indices e g population economy etc and the sub indices are aggregated to form a final composite index e g social vulnerability or integrated risk index The tree structure of the Weight data and calculate indices widget encourages the development of hierarchical models of integrated risk The starting point 1s a root node that corresponds to the development of a hierarchical model that can be 1 an Integrated Risk Index IRI which is a function of the aggregation of a Social Vulnerability Index SVI and a Risk Index RI or 2 a Social Vulnerability Index SVI that is the result of the aggregation of various sub indicators defined by the user e g Economy Education and Environment as shown within Fig 9 1 The tree can be modified dynamically by adding or removing nodes inverting variables setting a weight to each variable or node and choosing the operators to be used to combine variables together Whenever Update or Update and close are clicked the project definition 15 updated and t
3. User Manual Release 1 7 5 Contents CONTENTS 4 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION At the core of the Global Earthquake Model GEM is the development of state of the art modeling capabilities and a suite of software tools that can be utilized worldwide for the assessment and commu nication of earthquake risk For a more holistic assessment of the scale and consequences of earthquake impacts a set of methods metrics and tools are incorporated into the GEM modelling framework to assess earthquake impact potential beyond direct physical impacts and loss of life This is because with increased exposure of people livelihoods and property to earthquakes the potential for social and eco nomic impacts of earthquakes cannot be ignored Not only is it vital to evaluate and benchmark the conditions within social systems that lead to adverse earthquake impacts and loss it is equally important to measure the capacity of populations to respond to damaging events and to provide a set of metrics for priority setting and decision making The employment of a methodology and workflow necessary for the evaluation of seismic risk that is integrated and holistic begins with the Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit IRMT The IRMT is QGIS plugin that was developed by the Global Earthquake Model GEM Foundation and co designed by GEM and the Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology CEDIM The plugin allows users to form an integrated workfl
4. the user will be redirected to the corresponding explanation in this user manual Note The toolbar s buttons are disabled when the corresponding functionalities can not be performed For instance the Transform attributes button will be available only as long as one of the loaded layers is activated OpenQuake Platform connection settings Loading socioeconomic indicators from the OpenQuake Platform a rq Downloading a project from the OpenQuake Platform E 4 Transforming attributes Project definitions manager Weighting data and calculating indices Aggregating loss by zone Uploading a project to the OpenQuake Platform Tr ps amp 55 Gi A web browser will be opened showing the html version of this manual CHAPTER FOUR OPENQUAKE PLATFORM CONNECTION SETTINGS OpenQuake Platform settings OpenQuake Platform connection settings Password HosL Register to the OpenQuake Platform SVIR settings _ Developer mode requires restart cance Fig 4 1 2 OQ Platform connection settings Some of the functionalities provided by the plugin such as the ability to work with GEM data require the interaction between the plugin itself and the OpenQuake Platform OQ Platform The OQ Platform is a Web based portal to visualize explore and share GEM s datasets tools and models In the Platform Settings dialog displayed in Fig 4 1 credentials must be inserted to authenticate the user and to allow the
5. A Filters section was developed to enable users to filter indicators by name keywords theme e g Economy and subtheme e g Resource Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 Distribution and Poverty The subtheme dropdown menu is automatically populated depending on the selection of a respective theme When Get indicators 1s pressed a list of filtered indicators is populated on the left side of the dialog within the Select indicators window If no filters are set then the whole list of indicators available within the database is retrieved and displayed within the Select indicators window From the Select indicators window it is possible to select one or more indicators by single clicking them in the Unselected list on the left Double clicking the selected indicator s moves them to the Selected list on the right and the corresponding data will be downloaded from the OQ Platform Another way to move items to the right or back to the left is to use the four central buttons add the selected items remove the selected items add all remove all The Indicator details section displays information about the last selected indicator code short name longer description source and aggregation method The Select countries dialog contains the list of enumeration types in this case countries that socioe conomic data is available for within the database Countries can be selected from the list in the same manner that indica
6. No Risk Simplified Social Vulnerability Index for Quito Ecuador No Risk Project details for oqplatform qgis svir 3a5f69d3 8f8d 46a1 948e 1dfb18d37f20 Title Simplified Social Vulnerability Index for Quito Ecuador No Risk Abstract This is a simplified social vulnerability index for the Distrito Metropolitano de Quito DMQ The analysis is at the parroquia level and contains the parroquia of Quito This risk assessment was developed for presentation experimentation and testing Variables utilized are 1 Final Index field SVI Social Vulnerability Index 2 Sub index Field VULNERABLE Vulnerable Populations 3 Variable Field LG_AGEDEP LOG10 of Population that is 5 years old and younger and 65 years old and over 4 Variable Field LG_INDIGIN LOG10 of Population that is an indigenous minority 5 Variable field LG_NOEDU LOG10 of Population with no formal education 6 Sub index Field ECONOMIC W Economic Well being 7 Variable field Lh POVERTY LOG10 of Population in poverty 8 Variable field LG EMPLCOM LOG10 of Population working in commercial activities 9 Variable field L5 WKHM LOG10 of 96 Population who makes a living out of the home Bounding box minx 78 9480052836955 miny 0 588971546154832 maxx 78 1648968929932 maxy 0 255537439379467 Keywords user contributed SVIR SVIR QGIS Plugin concel SRE Fig 6 1 C Downloading a project from the Open
7. dialog that pertains to the factors that they should con centrate on to reduce risk and strengthen resilience The development of composite indicators is not new to research fields and occupations requiring em pirical measurement and a vast literature on composite indicators exists that outline methodological approaches for index construction and validation To accompany this manual we suggest the use of two popular resources NSSTO5 and NSSTOS aimed at providing a guide for the construction and use of composite indicators This literature outlines the process of robust composite indicator construction that contains a number of steps The IRMT leverages the QGIS platform to guide the user through the major steps for index construction These steps include 1 the selection of variables 2 data normalization standardization 3 weighting and aggregation to produce composite indicators 4 risk integration using OpenQuake risk estimates and 5 the presentation of the results Brief descriptions of the tool s components and the workflow to develop integrated risk models are outlined in the sections below CHAPTER TWO DEFINITIONS In this manual the terminology ayer project and project definition are used ubiquitously and it 1s important to explain what the terminology means as well as its use In QGIS a project or project file 1s a kind of container that acts like a folder storing information on file locations of layers and how these
8. layers are displayed in a map It is the main QGIS datafile A ayer 1s the mechanism used to display geographic datasets in the QGIS software and layers provide the data that is manipulated within the IRMT Each layer references a specific dataset and specifies how that dataset 1s portrayed within the map The standard layer format for the IRMT is the ESRI Shapefile ESRI95 that can be imported within the QGIS software using the default add data functionality or layers may be created on the fly within the IRMT using GEM s socio economic databases A QGIS project can include multiple layers that can be utilized to provide the variables and maps necessary for an integrated risk assessment For each layer multiple project definitions can be saved A project definition 1s a set of parameters that are defined within the IRMT to define the integrated risk assessment s workflow It allows users to create edit and manage the workflow needed to systematically develop integrated risk models using layers The project definition distinguishes which variables within a dataset are to be combined together to obtain a composite indicator defines how variables are grouped together by supporting 1 deductive models that typically contain fewer than ten indicators that are normalized and aggregated to create the index and 2 hierarchical models that employ roughly ten to twenty indicators that are separated into groups sub indices that share the same under
9. respectively 0 125 0 250 and 0 625 keeping the same proportion between each other and summing to 1 9 5 Inverting a variable The dialog to invert variables 15 opened in the same way as described in Setting the operators to be used to aggregate variables If a variable contributes in a negative way to the composite indicator e g a higher education corresponding to a lower social vulnerability it is possible to indicate such an inverse relationship by pressing the nvert button next to the variable name The effect on a composite indicator in response to this decision process and setting is that each value of an inverted variable will be to multiplied by 1 each time the variable is used in a calculation Note Please note that the layer s field will keep holding the original value of the variable and that the inversion will be performed on the fly for the purpose of the calculation 9 6 Assigning a new name to a variable The dialog to assign a new name to a variable 15 also opened in the same way as described in Setting the operators to be used to aggregate variables By clicking on the variable s name a popup dialog asks users to insert the new name The project definition will be updated accordingly linking the layer s fieldname with the modified description 9 7 Styling the layer by a chosen field The dropdown menu entitled Style layer by on the bottom of the Set weights and operators module can be used to choose fields within a l
10. 9 5 20000000 65 0999999 1 00000000 265 000000 165 000000 146 000000 bd Show All Features ii Fig 5 2 Layer attribute table Fig 5 2 shows the attribute table of a sample vector layer compiled and downloaded within the IRMT Note For some countries the values of indicators might be unavailable displayed in the attribute table as NULL When the tool downloads the socioeconomic data a project definition is automatically built taking into account how the data was organized in the socioeconomic database At the country level data was grouped together by theme meaning that indicators belonging to the same theme will be grouped to gether in a hierarchical structure This structure considers 1 vulnerable populations 2 economies 3 education 4 infrastructure 5 health 6 governance and institutional capacities and 7 the environ ment http resources arc gis com en help main 10 1 index html 0070000000 10000000 CHAPTER SIX DOWNLOADING A PROJECT FROM THE OPENQUAKE PLATFORM Download project from the OpenQuake Platform Please select one of the available projects BMW test Ecuador SVIR Simplified Integrated RIsk Index for Pichincha Province Ecuador Simplified Integrated Risk Index for Ecuador Simplified Integrated Risk Index for Quito Ecuador Simplified Social Vulnerability Index for Ecuador no risk Simplified Social Vulnerability Index for Pichincha Province Ecuador
11. AKE PLATFORM BBB 233 OF HPP RAs H G amp BBS gt Z2 95 BY a YMA BANNARS Bing Road is a plugin update available dinate 777859 300 Scale 1 413 620 Rotat 0 B Render Q eps e Fig 11 1 Simplified Integrated Risk analysis as it is seen inside QGIS right before the project is uploaded to the OpenQuake Platform Once an integrated risk model is complete and the user is satisfied with results such as those obtained for the example displayed in Fig 11 1 it 1s possible to upload projects through the OQ Platform Projects are uploaded in order to share them with the wider earthquake risk assessment earthquake risk reduction GIS communities etc Uploading to the OQ Platform also supports the ability to visualize models using advanced visualization tools and the mapping of the data over the web In addition sharing the models on the OQ Platform allows users that are not QGIS savvy to dynamically interact with the data The mapping and visualization over the web is accomplished using the OQ Platform Fig 11 2 and the Social Vulnerability and Integrated Risk Viewer see the web application and the corresponding documentation To upload a project to the OQ Platform click Upload project to the OpenQuake Platform This will result in the opening of a dialog window in which depending on the context the window will look like those delineated in Fig 11 3 or Fig 11 4 The former will be displayed if the current pro
12. INALNA the name of the transformed attribute becomes _ORIGINALN prepending and truncating to 10 characters which is the maximum length permitted for field names in shapefiles If the checkbox Let all project definitions utilize transformed values 1s checked all the project defini tions associated with the active layer will reference the transformed fields instead of the original ones Otherwise they will keep the links to the original selected attributes In most cases it is recommended to keep this checkbox checked This automatic update of field references simplifies the workflow because it avoids the need to manually remove the original nodes from the weighting and aggregation tree dis cussed in detail in Weighting data and calculating indices 1n order to add the transformed nodes and to set again the nodes weights In other words if a project was developed by weighting and aggregat ing untransformed indicators this functionality allows for variables used in the project definition to be replaced on the fly and automatically by transformed variables This saves the user from having to augment the model manually By clicking the Advanced Calculator button the native QGIS field calculator is opened Please refer to the code documentation for the detailed description of all the agorithms and variants provided by the IRMT 13 CHAPTER EIGHT PROJECT DEFINITIONS MANAGER Project definitions manager Please select one of the avai
13. Quake Platform An additional option to access data is by downloading projects shared by others on the OQ Platform By clicking the Download project from the OpenQuake Platform the above dialog 1s opened Fig 6 1 Here a list of available projects is displayed The list will contain the titles of projects for which the user has been granted editing privileges their own projects or those shared with them by other users When a project is selected from the list its title abstract bounding box and keywords are displayed in the lower textbox that is utilized to delineate important attributes of the project s definition The label directly above the textbox displays an ID that uniquely identifies the layer used in the OpenQuake platform Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 By pressing OK the layer will be downloaded into the QGIS Prior to downloading the layer will first have to be saved as a new shapefile locally by navigating to a folder in which the shapefile 1s to be saved If the associated project only contains one project definition it will be automatically be selected and downloaded Otherwise the project definition manager will open see Project definitions manager allowing the user to choose one of the available project definitions Once a project definition 1s selected the composite indicators delineated within the project definition are re calculated and the layer is styled and rendered accordingly This p
14. USER INSTRUCTIONS Ee DE gm explore E engine tonal HOE haem tates OMM E ad 7 HOUDENSITY B 18 673735 os 400982 ar iae M x Mit JEN a FS E ere INTEGRATED RISK A d apu MODELLING TOOLKIT acd USER INSTRUCTION MANUAL Hands on instructions on the different functionalities of the Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE MODEL working together to assess risk Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 GEM Foundation December 02 2015 1 Introduction 2 Definitions 3 The plugin s toolbar 4 OpenQuake Platform connection settings 5 Loading socioeconomic indicators from the OpenQuake Platform 6 Downloading a project from the OpenQuake Platform 7 Transforming attributes 8 Project definitions manager 9 Weighting data and calculating indices 91 9 2 Removing anode aux sss e s xx 3 3 x 9x 9o 9 x 9x EG 9 3 Setting the operators to be used to aggregate variables OF Seting a x 43k om sse sapi srog kia Se AOS Oy dXnyer nes d yarnabl 22 xo sacd x 943 5 9x o3 x 3 9 6 Assigning a new name to a variable 9 7 Styling the layer by a chosen field 04 10 Aggregating loss by zone 11 Uploading a project to the OpenQuake Platform Bibliography CONTENTS Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit
15. attribute will correspond to a different loss type Loss data from the OQ Engine is rendered as points containing X Y locational coordinates and the loss values for the different assets represented at a given location Once both a loss layer and a zonal layer have been selected the above dialog window is opened Fig 10 2 In the Loss Layer section of the dialog window the user is invited to select one or more attributes from the loss layer This selection is because the toolkit will calculate the sum and average values for each of the zonal layer s features and it will add those statistics to the zonal layer as new attributes Within the layer s attribute table a subsequent attribute will be added to display the count of loss points that are found inside the boundaries of each feature The latter can be useful for troubleshooting 21 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 Aggregate loss by zone For each zone the plugin will calculate the count of loss points and for each of the selected loss variables the sum and average values Loss Layer gt TOTLOSS lt gt gt lt lt Zone ID attribute name MCODE Zonal Layer Zone ID attriubute name MCODE Fig 10 2 Zonal aggregation of loss values The aggregation by zone can be obtained in different ways If the user is aware that both the loss layer and the zonal layer contain a common attribute that indicates the id of the zone to which each featu
16. ay QUA A 1 1091955 M 10 mi Was L2 zi e EL WR 7227 NEUE PELE Le AiO 9 4 7 me f 2 fet A doe zA 3 E ATIS M T f i yt _ A j p rhe VA y gist Dr 2 3 j 4 g Tiles Courtesy gf Mai orgfene 2 j LA e Feriis 2 72 F z I a Info Attributes Share Ratings Comments LEGEND 5 IRI Title Simple Integrated Risk Analysis for Quito 10 0709 0 0903 Abstract 10 0903 0 1021 Here you can write a more detailed abstract 10 1021 0 1075 Publication Date July 12 2015 4 43 p m 3 0 1075 0 1205 Ma 310 1205 0 1238 Soe 9 0 1238 0 1343 Keywords user contributed SVIR SVIR QGIS Plugin 80 1343 0 1410 Category SVIR 0 1410 0 1488 Fig 11 2 The same simple example shown in Fig 11 1 visualized through a web browser after it has been uploaded to the OpenQuake Platform A new layer will be created on the OpenQuake Platform New layer title SVIR analysis result New layer abstract This is an abstract Zone labels field COUNTRY NA License CC BY SA 3 0 Info confirm I have read the license conditions i i Fig 11 3 ZS Uploading a project to the OpenQuake Platform 24 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 bers etc Delineating a zone field when uploading to the OQ Platform is imperative to allow the graphing components of the Social Vulnerability and In
17. ayer 1 e fields other than those delineated within the project definition to be symbolized allowing all fields in a layer to be to be symbolized on the fly This can be useful for instance to map the values calculated for different sub indicators or even individual variables if they are of interest By default the selection is blank In the default case the tool will adopt the following convention 1 if the IRI can be computed then the layer will be symbolized according to it 2 otherwise if the SVI can be computed then it will be used as the default case for symbolization in the absence of IRI 3 otherwise the convention will apply with respect to the RI and 4 if none of main sub indicators 9 4 Setting weights 19 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 can be calculated then the layer will not be re styled unless the user uses the dropdown menu to specify a specific symbolization field 9 7 Styling the layer by a chosen field 20 CHAPTER TEN AGGREGATING LOSS BY ZONE Aggregate loss by zone Losslayer Loss map Zonal layer Zonal data _ Purge zones containing no loss points Cancel lt Fig 10 1 B Aggregate loss by zone data import tool The development of an integrated risk model IRI arises from the convolution of two main compo nents 1 estimations of physical risk RI and 2 a social vulnerability index SVI The convolution of earthquake physical risk and socia
18. compensability 1 e the possibility of offsetting a deficit in some dimension with an outstanding performance in another Each technique has specific consequences implies different assumptions and could ignore or incorporate weights The Weight data and calculate indices widget Fig 9 1 1s the key module of the IMRT It contains the model building functionality of the IRMT and it is used to create edit and manage composite indicator s and integrated risk model development It provides users with an intuitive way to develop composite models by building and editing the selected project definition through the use of a dynamic graphical interface that was developed explicitly to guide the construction of composite indicators in a manner that is simple visual and straight forward The latter is accomplished through a window that 16 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 embeds a dynamic model builder that takes the form of a tree chart see Fig 9 1 This structure or weighting and aggregation tree defines a workflow that strings together sequences of steps to describe how variables are combined together to obtain the composite indices a b Socioeconomic Status Demographic antes Special Needs Fig 9 2 Composite indicator types Currently the IRMT supports the development of two composite model types a deductive and b hi erarchical Fig 9 2
19. dicator being under construction Note The SVI can be calculated if each socioeconomic sub indicator has at least one variable In order to add an indicator to one of the socioeconomic sub indicators you can click on the corre sponding node When adding an indicator to the RI or to one of the socioeconomic sub indicators the description of the node will be automatically set to be equal to the name of the corresponding layer s variable Users can edit this description however by clicking on the text displayed next to the node in the tree and then by clicking within the corresponding textbox to change the text 9 2 Removing a node In order to remove one of the nodes from the tree users can perform a right click on that node A popup dialog window will ask you to confirm if you really intend to delete the node and all of its children the lower level nodes connected to it Note Removing a node from the tree will not delete the corresponding field from the layer 9 3 Setting the operators to be used to aggregate variables On the right of each node the tree indicates the name of the operator to be used to combine or aggregate the variables making up the node By clicking on the operator s name a dialog to set weights and operators is opened The same happens when clicking on the name of one of the children nodes The operator can be chosen from a dropdown menu Some operators e g Weighted sum take into account the weights applied t
20. ent of GDP Source CIA Factbook via various sources including US Census Bureau 2011 2011 Aggregation method Unknown Select countries Angola AGO Albania ALB Armenia ARM Andorra AND Cameroon CMR United Arab Emirates ARE gt gt lt lt conce GRE ba Fig 5 1 bl indicators selection portal The selection of data comprises an essential step for an assessment of risk from an integrated and holistic perspective using indicators The strengths and weaknesses of composite indicators are derived to a great extent by the quality of the underlying variables Ideally variables should be selected based on their relevance to the phenomenon being measured analytical soundness accessibility and completeness NSSTO8 Proxy measures for social and economic vulnerability have been provided by the Global Earthquake Model that have been stringently tested for representativeness robustness coverage and analytical soundness KBT 4 These are currently accessible in the IRMT at the national level of geography gadm L1 Future software releases will add access to data at level 2 L2 for a selection of countries and regions This will include the eight Andean countries of South America and countries within Sub Saharan Africa Fig 5 1 displays the Select Socioeconomic Indicators dialog that was developed to allow users to select indicators based on a number of factors and filtering mechanisms
21. es into future versions of the toolkit The Transform attribute dialog Fig 7 1 was designed to be quite straightforward The user is required to select one or more numeric fields variables available in the active layer For the selection to be completed the user must move the variables either one at a time or in a batch to the Selected variables window on the right side of the interface The user must then select the function necessary to transform the selected variables For some functions more than one variant 1s available For functions that have 12 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 an implementation of an inverse transformation the nverse checkbox will be enabled to allow users to invert the outcome of the transformation The New field s section contains two checkboxes and a text field If the first checkbox Overwrite the field s 1s selected the original values of the transformed fields will be overwritten by the results of the calculations otherwise a new field for each transformed variable will be created to store the results In situations in which a user may desire to transform variables one at a time rather than using a batch transformation process it is possible for the user to name each respective new field editing the default one proposed by the tool Otherwise the names of the new fields will be automatically assigned using the following convention if the original attribute is named ORIG
22. ese transformations are possible within the advanced field calculator A logarithm of any negative number or zero is undefined It is not possible to log transform values within the plugin if the data contains negative values or a zero For values of zero the tool will warn users and suggest that a 1 0 constant be added to move the minimum value of the distribution 5 Sigmoid function is a transformation function having an S shape sigmoid curve A Sigmoid function is used to transform values on oo into numbers on 0 1 The Sigmoid function is often utilized because the transformation is relative to a convergence upon an upper limit as defined by the S curve The IRMT utilizes a simple sigmoid function as well as its inverse The Inverse of the Sigmoid function is a logit function which transfers variables on 0 1 into a new variable on 6 Quadratic or U shaped functions are the product of a polynomial equation of degree 2 In a quadratic function the variable is always squared resulting in a parabola or U shaped curve The IRMT offers an increasing or decreasing variant of the quadratic equation for horizontal translations and the respective inverses of the two for vertical translations Note It may be desirable to visualize the results of the application of transformation functions to data Although not feasible within the plugin at this point we intend to build data plotting and curve manipulating functionaliti
23. extual representation is updated accordingly 14 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 Warning It is not recommended for users to edit the parameters directly inside the raw textual representation portion of the project definition manager although it is not forbidden This especially applies to variable names field names and sub indicators also field names defined by nodes within the weighting and aggregation tree see Weighting data and calculating indices Manual adjustments can be useful in some corner cases by experienced users but manual adjustments can cause the toolkit to behave unexpectedly and can cause shapefiles to behave unexpectedly Users performing these adjustments are at risk of compromise their data The button at the right of the dropdown menu can be used to associate the current layer with a new project definition By clicking it a new basic project definition is created and the user is invited to pro vide the new project definition with a title and possibly a description The button Make a copy of the selected project definition assigns to the active layer within the QGIS a new project definition that is an exact clone of the selected one Having two similar project definitions can be useful to easily visualize how the output of a project is changed based on updated variable selections weighting and aggregation schemes This visualization is possible because a simple click is sufficie
24. he composite indices are re calculated As a consequence the map is rendered and styled accordingly This allows the user to have an immediate feedback on how the map changes depending on how the project definition is Adapted from TAT12 17 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 set Such automatic re calculations and rendering can take some time depending on the complexity of the project and number of enumeration units analysed Sometimes it is more convenient to disable the on the fly calculations while changing the project s structure and enable it again once the project has been built In order to do so it 1s sufficient to toggle the Run calculations on the fly checkbox The main functional elements of the weighting and aggregation tree are discussed in the subsections below 9 1 Adding a node Individual nodes correspond to aggregated composite indicators within the weighting and aggregation tree To add a node i e a composite sub indicator within the tree it is possible to begin by left clicking on the default node 1 e SVI Clicking on the default SVI node allows the addition of multiple new sub indicators each with its own user provided name Note It is not possible to add nodes stemming from the IRI When a newly created node is clicked a new dialog is initiated to give users the option to select the variables available in the layer and not already used in the node to populate the sub in
25. ject has never been uploaded to the OQ Platform In such cases the user is invited to provide a project title that will become the title of the layer that will be created on the Platform A second field will contain the abstract where the user can provide a general description of the project Note In order to be able to correctly utilize the advanced visualization tools found on the OQ Platform the selection of a Zone labels field is required see Fig 11 3 The user must designate the Zone labels field within their dataset The latter is a field containing unique labels or identifiers whether these are individual country names district names or census block num https platform openquake org irv_viewer http www globalquakemodel org openquake support documentation platform irv 23 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 Simple Integrated Risk Analysis for Quito OpenQuake Platform Google Chrome Simple Integrated R Profilo predef lt Q https platform openquake org layers oqplatform qgis_svir 3Tad9b1l 5575 49b3 932a 5656 447 9 Apps 3 Grails C3 Python Cj musica C3 DB 3 Git C3 PyQt4 Other bookmarks OPENQUARE Calculate Share Explore lt jomi SIMPLE INTEGRATED RISK ANALYSIS FOR OUITO USER CONTRIBUTED Ca TEIL hv F Pa Py 24 s A por 20 Bes Li n J x 2 VL gt 2 j Domingo de tos SN t
26. l vulnerability parameters can be accomplished by first import ing risk assessments from OpenQuake or some other source using the toolkit s risk import tool Fig 10 1 To import data users can click the Aggregate loss by zone button that prompts a dialog window to open Here it 1s possible to select layers containing estimations of physical risk Loss layer or some other type of risk model and to combine these with a layer containing zonal geometries of the study area e g country borders district borders and socioeconomic indicators The top dropdown menu is pre populated with the names of the available vector layers containing point geometries a native output of the OQ Engine while the second dropdown menu 15 pre populated with the names of the available vector layers containing polygonal geometries If those menus do not contain the desired layers it 1s possible to click one of the buttons to load another layer from the file system As soon as a new layer 1s loaded it will be available in the QGIS table of contents and its name will become available and pre selected in the corresponding dropdown menu Estimations of physical risk can be made available from the OQ Engine as one or multiple CSV files By selecting the file type Loss curves from the OpenQuake engine such files become available and can be multi selected The resulting loss layer will contain a number of attributes equal to the number of CSV files imported and each
27. lable project definitions Example of project definition bd Make a copy of the selected project definition Title Example of project definition Description This is the description of a basic example It can be multiline Raw textual representation name IRI weight 1 0 operator Weighted sum type Integrated Risk Index hildeen r coe GD Fig 8 1 m Project definitions manager The Project Definitions Manager 1s a module that was developed to allow users to create multiple models that can be accessed with a click of a button using a single layer Each project definition see Definitions can define a different model structure weighting and aggregation scheme and variable selections among data available in the underlying layer It allows users to seamlessly toggle through various integrated risk assessment projects without having to refer to different QGIS projects or different layers containing data for a given area or areas and without having to re symbolize data to compare results of assessments using different methodological parameters The Project definitions manager was developed around a dialog window that enables users to edit the current project definition to switch from the current project definition to a different one to add a new project definition or to clone an existing project definition While contributing to the Title and Description textbox of the project definitions manager the Raw t
28. load dialog window 1s displayed when the active layer appears to have been already shared through the OQ Platform the ID of a OQ Platform s layer was previously associated with this layer In such cases it is possible to create a brand new layer ignoring the previously uploaded or downloaded project or to update the current layer The updating process consists of adding the current project definition to the set of project definitions associated to that layer on the OQ Platform This is a much faster procedure because no geometries need to be uploaded and only the metadata of the layer will be changed Note This documentation is distributed within the plugin s package and it is also available online at http docs openquake org oq irmt qgis 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY SCP 14 Silva V Crowley H Pagani M Monelli D and Pinho R 2014 Development of the OpenQuake engine the Global Earthquake Model s open source software for seismic risk assess ment Natural Hazards 72 3 1409 1427 NSSTO5 Nardo M Saisana M Saltelli A and Tarantola S 2005 Tools for composite indicators Building Ispara Italy Joint Research Center of the European Commission NSSTOS Nardo M Saisana M Saltelli A and Tarantola S 2008 Handbook on constructing com posite indicators Methodology and user guide Paris France OECD Publishing ESRI98 ESRI Shapefile Technical Description Environmental Systems Research Institute Redlands C A
29. lying dimension such as economy and infrastructure in a manner in which individual indicators are aggregated into sub indices and the subindices are aggregated to create the index describes the type of aggregation method including additive modelling weighted aggregation and geometric aggregation that can be utilized by users to combine variables establishes the application of weights 1f desired to individual variables or sub indices and delimits the directionality of variables when the intent 15 to consider that some variables may add to an index outcome whereas some variables may need to detract from it When considering the social vulnerability of populations a socio economic status indicator such as the percentage of population with a college education provides an example of a characteristic that may detract from social vulnerability thereby warranting a negative directionality within an index CHAPTER THREE THE PLUGIN S TOOLBAR When the IRMT plugin is installed it adds its own toolbar to those available on the QGIS graphical user interface The plugin s toolbar contains the buttons listed below For each button this manual provides a separate chapter with the description of its functionality and of the typical workflow in which it is used Please follow the links next to the button icons to reach the corresponding documentation By pressing the QGIS What s This button and then clicking one of the buttons of the IRMT toolbar
30. nt to switch between before and after project definitions When OK is pressed the composite indices are re calculated accordingly with the project definition and the layer is styled as a consequence via a default classification and sym bolization that is adjustable within the QGIS This computation can take some time depending on the complexity of the layer 15 CHAPTER NINE WEIGHTING DATA AND CALCULATING INDICES Set weights and operators for project A simple example Budget expenditures Education Arable land Environment Permanent cropland Style the layer by EDUCATION Run calculations on the fly cancel GENS OO Fig 9 1 4 Tree chart structure for the development of composite indicators Central to the construction of composite indicators is the need to meaningfully combine different data dimensions and consideration must be given to weighting and aggregation procedures Most composite indicators rely on equal weighting largely for simplicity Equal weighting however implies that all variables within the composite indicator are of equal importance when this may not actually be the case The issue of aggregation is similar to the weighting process Different aggregation rules may be ap plied depending on the underlying theoretical framework chosen by the user for the modelling process Sub indicators may be summed up linear aggregation for instance multiplied or geometrically aggre gated to correct for
31. o the child nodes Other operators e g Average ignore weights do not take into account weights When the chosen operator is one of the latter the child nodes will be rendered on the graphical display all with the same radius and their weights will not be rendered see Fig 9 1 9 1 Adding a node 18 Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 for a demonstration of how the radius of nodes corresponds with the respective weights of variables Otherwise the radius of a node is proportional to its weight and the weight 1s rendered next to the node 9 4 Setting weights Central to the construction of composite indicators in the need to combine data which implies decisions on weighting The dialog to set weights is opened in the same way as described in Setting the operators to be used to aggregate variables Several weighting techniques are available and some make use of statistical models For the IRMT we implemented a simple solution to weighting that is often based on the results of participatory approaches A weight can be edited manually by clicking on its value and overwriting it with a new value A weight can also be edited by clicking on the spinner s arrows to increase or decrease the weight By clicking Update the weights will be re calculated in order to make them sum to 1 In other words if you have 3 variables and you set their weights to 1 2 and 5 and you press Update the weights will be re calculated to be
32. ow for the construction of metrics used to assess characteristics within societies that affect earthquake risk by providing a GIS based platform for the construction of indicators and composite indices to foster comparative assessments Here an indicator is defined as a piece of information that summarizes the characteristics of a system or highlights what is happening in a system An indicator is a quantitative or qualitative measure derived from observed facts that simplify and communicate the reality of a complex situation Indicators reveal the relative position of the phe nomena being measured and when evaluated over time can illustrate the magnitude of change a little or a lot as well as direction of change up or down increasing or decreasing The mathematical com bination or aggregation as it is termed of a set of indicators forms a composite indicator or composite index or indices As part of the workflow the IRMT facilitates the integration of composite indicators of socio economic characteristics with measures of physical risk 1 e estimations of human or economic loss from the OpenQuake Engine OQ engine SCP 4 or other sources to form what is referred to as an inte grated risk assessment Although the tool may be utilized for any type of indicator development it 1s encouraged that composite indicators of social vulnerability are developed within this integrated risk framework Social vulnerability is defined here as characte
33. re belongs then it is sufficient to select this common attribute both for the loss layer and the zonal layer and let the tool perform a simple join In this case the aggregation is fast because it does not require spatial analysis If a common zonal ID does not exist a spatial join using zonal geometries may be utilized This is accomplished first by selecting Use zonal geometries within the Zone ID attribute name dropdown menu that contains also the names of all the attributes of the loss layer As a consequence the tool will perform a spatial search to detect to which zone each of the loss points belongs The Zone ID attribute name in the zonal layer is the attribute that uniquely identifies each of the zones If the user is not sure if features are uniquely identified by any of the available attributes in the zonal layer then it 1s possible to select the additional item Add field with unique zone id As a consequence of this choice the tool will produce an additional attribute in the corresponding layer and it will set the values of that attribute to be equal to the unique id of the corresponding feature Then the new attribute will be used as unique id of the feature to perform the loss aggregation by zone As a subsequent step earthquake risk data imported into the tool should be standardized to render the data commensurate to the socioeconomic indicators created within the tool 22 CHAPTER ELEVEN UPLOADING A PROJECT TO THE OPENQU
34. ristics or qualities within social systems that create the potential for harm or loss from damaging hazard events Given equal exposure to natural threats such as an earthquake two groups may vary in their social vulnerability due to their pre existing social characteristics where differences according to wealth gender race class history and sociopo litical organization influence the patterns of loss mortality and the ability to reconstruct following damaging events http www globalquakemodel org https www cedim de english index php Integrated Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 The focus on the development of indicators of social vulnerability and ultimately integrated risk will allow researchers decision makers and other relevant stakeholders to consider loss and damage as part of a dynamic system in which interactions between natural systems and societal factors redistribute risk before an event and redistribute loss after an event mainstream socio economic vulnerability and resilience in earthquake loss and damage policy discussions evaluate loss and damage taking social factors into account at different time and space scales use risk assessments in benchmarking exercises to monitor trends in earthquake risk over time recognize that both causes and solutions for earthquake loss are found in human environmental and built environmental interactions help decision makers develop a common
35. rocess may take some time depending on the complexity of the project 10 CHAPTER SEVEN TRANSFORMING ATTRIBUTES Field transformation Select Fields to transform ECONOMY A gt EDUCATION ECOEACBEX EDUEOCMYS ECOEACCDC EDUEOCSAF ENVDIPDFT ENVDIPDRR as New field s Overwrite the field s Let the project definitions references track the new field s Transformation Function RANK Variant AVERAGE Inverse Advanced Calculator Cancel Fig 7 1 Variable transformation and batch transformation functionality Once variables are selected they should be standardized or normalized before they are aggregated into composite indicators This is because variables are delineated in a number of statistical units that could easily consist of incommensurate ranges or scales Variables are standardized to avoid problems inherent when mixing measurement units and normalization is employed to avoid having extreme values domi nate an indicator and to partially correct for data quality problems The QGIS platform natively provides a Field calculator that can be used to update existing fields or to create new ones in order to perform a wide variety of mathematical operations for the standardization transformation of data In addition the IRMT provides a number of transformation functions found in popular statistical and mathematical modelling packages Table 7 1 11 Integra
36. ted Risk Modelling Toolkit User Manual Release 1 7 5 Table 7 1 Selection of transformation functions with equations found in the IRMT Standardization or Z scores Logisig Sigmoid Simple Quadratic These include 1 Data Ranking is the simplest standardization technique Ranking is not affected by outliers and allows the performance of enumeration units to be benchmarked over time in terms of their relative positions rankings 2 Z scores or normalization is the most common standardization technique A Z score converts indicators to a common scale with a mean of zero and standard deviation of one Indicators with outliers that are extreme values may have a greater effect on the composite indicator The latter may not be desirable if the intention is to support compensability where a deficit in one variable can be offset or compensated by a surplus in another 3 Min Max Transformation is a type of transformation that rescales variables into an identical range between 0 and 1 Extreme values or outliers could distort the transformed risk indicator However the MIN MAX transformation can widen a range of indicators lying within a small interval increasing the effect of the variable on the composite indicator more than the Z scores 4 Log10 is one of a class of logarithmic transformations that include natural log log2 log3 log4 etc Within the current plugin we offer functionality for log10 only yet th
37. tegrated Risk Viewer to render the visualization using the zone s labels Without the latter comparisons among places within the graphing tools are not possible It is also mandatory to choose a license and to click on the checkbox to confirm to be informed about the license conditions By clicking the nfo button a web browser will be opened pointing to a page that describes the license selected in the License dropdown menu When OK 1s pressed the active layer is uploaded to the OQ Platform and it is applied in the same style visible in QGIS Furthermore the current project definition is saved into the layer s metadata inside the Supplemental information field It looks like this layer was downloaded from the OpenQuake Platform or an older version was previously uploaded there You can create a new layer or just upload the current project definition What would you like to do Create a new layer on the platform Update the existing layer on the platform The current project definition will be added to the OpenQuake Platform project identified as oqplatform tmpqgis svir 91029121 6c64 4 50 9317 1e56b8ab463c Project title This is a title Project description And this is a description Zone labels field COUNTRY NA License CC BY SA 3 0 Info T amp confirm I have read the license conditions Coe GG Fig 11 4 Updating a project that has already been uploaded to the OpenQuake Platform This second version of the Up
38. tors are selected using Select indicators Once at least one indicator and one country has been selected the OK button will be enabled By pressing the OK button data will be downloaded from the OQ Platform and compiled into a vector shapefile for display and manipulation within QGIS another dialog will ask you where to save the shapefile that will be obtained The layer will contain features equal to the number of selected countries and will contain all attributes selected as indicators for the given countries Additional attributes will include fields containing country ISO codes and country names To reduce processing time detailed country geometries were simplified using ESRI s Bend Sim plify algorithm Bend Simplify removes extraneous bends and small intrusions and extrusions within an area s topology without destroying its essential shape Attribute table Socioeconomic data Features total 6 Filtered 6 selected 0 5 x ISO 0 AGO 1 ALB COUNTRY NA Angola Albania ECOEACCDC ECOEACEXS EDUEOCSAF EDUEOCSAM EDUEOCSTJ 1 35700000 44 4110000 NULL NULL 7 00000000 1 32000000 5 28800000 16 8000000 10 8000000 8 00000000 2 AND 3 ARE 4 ARM 5 CMR Andorra United Arab Emirates Armenia Cameroon 6 38100000 34 5799999 1 79700000 0 29300000 2 82400000 76 3349999 4 70800000 9 24100000 50 7000000 23 1000000 5 90000000 78 9000000 50 5000000 22 699999
39. user to log into the OQ Platform In the Host field insert the URL of GEM s production installation of the OQ Platform or a different installation if you have URL access If you still haven t registered to use the OQ Platform you can do so by clicking Register to the OQ Platform This will open a new web browser and a sign up page The checkbox labeled Developer mode requires restart can be used to increase the verbosity of logging The latter is useful for developers or advanced users because logging is critical for troubleshooting but it is not recommended for standard users https platform openquake org https platform openquake org account signup CHAPTER FIVE LOADING SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS FROM THE OPENQUAKE PLATFORM Select socioeconomic indicators Filters All filters are optional If no filter is set the whole set of indicators will be retrieved Name Keywords Theme Education Subtheme Education Access Get indicators Select indicators EDUEACEPG Gross enrollment ratio primary EDUEACBGP Ratio of boys to girls in primary and secondary educati EDUEACETG Gross enrollment ratio tertiary gt EDUEACCPT Children out of school primary EDUEACPTP Pupil teacher ratio primary EDUEACEEG Education expenditures EDUEACPTS Pupil teacher ratio secondary EDUEACSTG Gross enrollment ratio secondary gt gt lt lt Indicator details EDUEACEEG Education expenditures Description Education expenditures as a perc
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