User Manual - Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory
Contents
1. a b Figure 5 1 Flow Direction Coding 26 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 5 1 3 FAC File Required Always Name FAC Format All Formats Purpose Contains accumulation flow to each cell of the basin area Notes The coordinate system of FAC File should be same as DEM Hile 5 1 4 Mask File Required Optional If omitted If HasOutlet yes then CREST v2 1 will generate the mask filebased on Outlet location If HasOutlet no then CREST v2 1 will generate the mask file based on NoData_ Value in DEM file Name Mask Format All Formats Purpose 27 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Contains a mask of the basin indicating which cells in the other terrain are inside the basin Notes The coordinate system of Mask File should be same as DEM File 5 1 5 GridArea File Required Optional If omitted CREST v2 1 will generate the GridArea file based on the coordinate system Name GridArea Format All Formats Purpose Contain the area of each cell in the basin Notes The coordinate system of GridArea File should be same as DEM File 5 1 6 AreaFact File Required Optional If omitted CREST v2 1 will assign AreaFact file a uniform value 1 00 Name AreaFact Format All Formats 28 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Purpose Contains the area of each cell in the basin Notes The coordinate system of AreaFact File should be same as DEM File2. 5 1 7 Stream File Required Optional however if Stream file is omitted Stream def must be required If omitted CREST v2 1 will read the threshold to determinate the stream from Stream def Name Stream Format All Formats Purpose Contain the information to show whether each cell is the stream Notes The coordinate system of Stream File should be same as DEM File 5 1 8 Stream def File Required Optional however if Stream def is omitted Stream file must be required Only use when Stream file omitted Name Stream def Format ASCII only contain one value 29 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Purpose Contain the threshold for determining the stream Notes Stream def is used to compatible with the former version of CREST instead of Th parameter in the former version of CREST 5 1 9 Slope File Required Optional If Slope omitted If Slope def exists CREST v2 1 will calculate the Slope like the former version If Slope def does not exist CREST v2 1 will calculate the Slope automatically Name Slope Format All Formats Purpose Identify the rate of maximum change in DEM file from each cell Notes The coordinate system of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 1 10 Slope def File Required Optional 30 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Only use when Slope file omitted CREST v2 1 will read this file If Slope def is omitted yet CREST v2 1 will calculate the Slope automat
3. Row_X The Row of the Outlet Pixels when IsColRow is assigned yes Label_X The minimum initial value and maximum of the Xth Label parameter for calibration The label name can see Table 5 1Error Reference source not found The format of this statement is Label_X Min Value Max X is the number of station to calibration Only required when user want to calibrate this parameter 5 6 2 CalibMask File Required Optional Name CalibMask Format All Formats Purpose Contain the order number for calibration when have more than ONE calibrated station The number depends on the regional number of each station Notes The coordinate system of CalibMask File should be same as DEM File 40 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 5 7 Rains Folder This folder contains the precipitation data the format of file in the folder depending on the RainFormat specified in the ProjectName Project file The CREST model can clip the region defined in the ProjectName Project file automatically 5 8 PETs Folder This folder contains the potential evaporation data the format of file in the folder depending on the PETFormat specified in the ProjectName Project file and the CREST v2 1 can clip the region defined in the ProjectName Project file automatically 5 9 Results Folder This folder contains the output files the format of file in the folder depending on the ResultFormat specified in the Pro
4. IF KEUCREST_DEUSSXUCUFCREST_ uv 8KW_NZoia_Project NZoia CREST COUPLED ROUTING AND EXCESS STORAGE Version 2 1 10 31 2014 COU amp NASA gt Kun start date and time Cyyyy nmmn dd hhinmiss gt 2611 02 07 11 86 25 Project Data Basic Data Mask Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Kead ing Reading Getting Writing Getting Writing Getting Writing Out lett Out let Out Pix Out Pix Out Pix Out Pix Filet 1 i to 2 2 to to Hum Hum Hum Hum File File Reading Reading Prarmeters Data Initial Conditions Data Running Style is Return Period Load ing Loading Loading Loading Loading Loading Loading Loading Runaf f Kuno ft f Kunat f Kunat f Punat f Runoff Runoff Runoff File File File File File File File File 2003010100 403401 01403 4903401 01 HG 4903401 010407 4903401 011 2003123115 2403123118 2403123121 Sorting for Return Period Exporting Hum 1 C yyyy mm dd hh imm iss 2611 02 07 11 09 25 3 Minutes 4 0 Seconds Kun end date and time Elapsed run time Press any key to continuet Figure 6 3 Output results in screen for Return Period mode The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line 1s the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line
5. 3 614 Compare the calibration Iteration Elapsed Time NSCE 15795 8h 25min 0 990432 v2 0 00 3000 lh 46min 0 999989 Cascading 2Region 3000 3h 35min 0 999548 NSCE 0 999988574 NSCE 0 999998757 NSCE 0 999548 Bias 0 00926862 Bias 0 004382075 Bias 0 371125 CC 0 99999502 CC 0 999999408 CC 0 999816 One Region bye egens Upstream point left Outlet right Figure 2 5 Comparison of CREST v1 6c and v2 0 in the running efficiency 2 2 6 Pre Process of CREST v2 0 Basics Data Inputs Support More File Formats ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT TRMMRT TRMMV6 TRMMV7 NMQBIN ASBIMO BIBIMO Flow Direction Map Support Both CNT flow direction codes and ArcGIS flow direction codes Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran CNT ArcGIS Figure 2 6 Flow Direction Coding Stream Map Omit TH parameter Slope Map Omit GM Parameter Make the mask GridArea and AreaFactor maps to optional 2 2 7 Parameters Classification Table 2 1 Parameters in CREST v1 6 and v2 0 Module Initial Condition Physical Parameters Conceptual Parameters Symbol v2 0 WO SSO SIO Ksat RainFact WM B IM KE coeM expM coeR Symbol v1 6c 1WU iSO ISI pFc Rain pWm B pIM 100 pKE coeM expM River Description Initial Value of Soil Moisture Initial value of Overland Reservoir Initial value of Interflow reservoir the Soil saturate hydraulic conductivity the multipli
6. regional basin and small catchment scales This user manual and the accompanying software package enable first time users to test the model with a single basin example Section 2 provides more information on new features of different model versions but users can jump to Section 3 for source code compilations or directly go to Section 4 6 to learn how to implement the model with the provided basin example Then Section 7 will guide the user how to set up and calibrate the model in new study areas For more guidance of CREST model implementation please contact us or download the week long training materials in Kenya from this link http hydro ou edu research crest crest model training materials crest workshop Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 2 New Features of CREST in different Versions for additional reading 2 1 What s New in CREST v2 1 1 2 3 4 Updated the continuous multi linear reservoir routing option See Figure 5 5 with the Keyword RouteType for this routing option in order to compatible with the CREST Model v2 0 Make the CalibMask file optional Improved the modeling compatibility at multiple temporal scales ranging from minute hour day month and year Fixed the display of digital numbers using Star during the simulation calibration on the terminal interface and also in the log file 2 2 New features in CREST v2 0 also inherited by the CREST v2 1 2 2 1 Main Features of CREST v2 0 A
7. 0 26 10 Sandy Clay Loam SCL 0 33 11 Sandy Loam SL 0 23 12 Loamy Sand LS 0 14 13 Sand 0 12 Table 10 3 Range and Default value of Each Parameter Params RainFact 1 Ksat mm d WM mm B 1 IM 1 KE 1 coeM expM 1 coeR 1 coes 1 KS 1 KI D Min Default 0 5 1 0 0 500 80 120 0 05 0 25 0 0 05 0 1 0 95 1 90 0 1 0 5 1 2 0 001 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 25 58 Permanent Wilting Point Opw m m 0 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 19 0 21 0 165 0 15 0 23 0 12 0 175 0 1 0 06 0 04 Max 12 1000 200 1 5 0 2 150 a me YY WN Hydraulic conductivity Ksat cm h 0 00001 0 03 0 05 0 075 0 1 0 1 0 495 0 65 0 15 0 34 0 15 1 09 2 99 11 78
8. GO Var RI The input precipitation unit is mm hour The input PET unit is mm hour GoVar_PET KE The depth of simulated actual evapotranspiration unit is mm hour The depth of water filling the pore space bucket WM Soil Moisture a percentage of the WM and equals GOVar_W WM The simulated discharge of each grid cell unit is m s The depth of surface excess rain unit is mm hour The depth of interflow excess rain unit is mm hour The depth of overland flow unit is mm hour The depth of interflow flow unit is mm hour 22 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 4 9 Date Outputs 95 FFFFFFSF SPSS SST S ERRER ERRER ERREFE 96 NumOfOutputDates 3 13 97 OutputDate 1 003010103 98 OutputDate 2 003010106 39 OutputDate 3 2003010112 100 S FFFFESESESES ESSE EES EEES ESTE ER ESTEE Figure 4 10 Sample Output Dates in ProjectName Project Date Outputs is to be specified some dates what user 1s interested in NumOfOutputDates The Number of Output Date OutputDate_X The Xth Date to output The value of X is up to NumOfOutputDates X 1 NumOfOutputDates 4 10 Number of Lakes 105 ZEEF 106 Num fLake 0 107 FEA Figure 4 11 Sample Number Lake in ProjectName Project NumOfLakes is to be specified the number of Lakes in this research region NumOfLakes The Number of Lakes 23 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 5 Inputs amp Outputs CREST v2 1 can read all the Grid file form
9. Inzoia 2 2003010100 0 605 3 2003010103 2 309 4 2003010106 3 3795 5 2003010109 4 655 6 2003010112 6 218 7 2003010115 7 681 8 2003010118 8 794 9 2003010121 9 526 10 2003010200 10 018 ae anni NIN 10 AF NZoia_Obs csv Microsoft Excel Review ie Add Ins Acrobat Dar S Wrap Text General Y E q 2 kad Merge amp Center aa 9 8 5 Conditional Fo Formatting as T Alignment Number F G H I al K E Figure 2 7 Example of the observed streamflow file For the Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration data the users can use any formats and CREST v2 0 can clip the area automatically when the data area is different with the defined research area in project file So ClipRe parameter in CRESt v1 6c is 9 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran omitted 2 2 9 Mode Structure Divide the processes into subroutines to make the codes easy to understand and modification a b c d e Canopy Interception Potential Evapotranspiration Runoff Generation Actual Evapotranspiration Runoff Route Encapsulate the variables into different modules and its types and add g as the prefix to strength the code readable 2 2 10 Output Data Output the Outlet s data Output the all the inner points data including its upstream area s average Rain and PET Output the specified state variables data Output the specified time s data Automatically compute the NSCE Bias and CC when out
10. Project The run style simu means simulation other possible run styles are cali SCEUA automatic calibration using SCE UA method Real Time on line mode and repe return period modes 4 4 Routing Type dde RunStyle cali SCEUA simi cali SCEUA RealTime repe SSSPESESSSSS SSS ESE SSSSSS SESE SSS SS SESE SESS SSS ESSE ESS SSS SEES SSS SSS EEE SEES SES Routingl ype CLE JLE default CLR EFE AEREA EEE TE EEE FET EEE EEE IEEE EEE TIE EE FEET EEE EFE MODEL Directory Figure 4 4 Sample Routing Type in ProjectName Project The routing component in CREST is based on a two layer scheme describing overland runoff and interflow from one cell to the next one downstream with consideration of open channel flow Wang et al 2011 In other words the runoff in Cell A from interflow overland flow and channel flow contribute to cells downstream D and F We called this method as Jumped Linear Routing Hereafter JLR JLR method provides a very efficient way for cell by cell routing However in some application if the Grid Cell is very large and the time scale is very small JLR will cause 17 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran underestimates of the streamflow So we developed another method to solve this problem Continuous Linear Routing Hereafter CLR this method will loop all the cells the water flowed during the time step Please note that CLR will spend more time than JLR in mo
11. WIV EOC ATE A nn dba Gass tutte E E bende 15 4 2 Model Run Time Tint Onna On renten ornata ereen enen 16 Ae NMOde TRU A A teekenen eneen 17 AA ROGS IPod 17 AD IVIOGCEAIILCCCONY ensen eben eenen nnen 19 40 QUE T OMIA OW netart eaten OVRE ANENE 20 Ad OUE M orma dada 21 Oe G6 OUDE neden 21 RD ES UP oia 23 ALO Number OL LAKE Suse isis 23 S INPUTS amp OUTPUTS cua 25 BASICS Folde ba TOTT AAN 25 ON Params FOO unenee T T EN A 32 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran O O O 35 EN NI e RE A N EE EA AEE N EATE PA AE EE AAE A AS 35 O AA A E E EE E AS 37 NOA od e a e os e yond e dd Dai 37 SP Rats boldef nde nae btk eha dee 41 Ho PETS ONGC sunsets deden denderen andes ene 41 390 Results Folder mnd entente Websend 41 ORUN STYLES tertsen ten tanden edvaane rend a ena 43 Oe lS AAO eert etend de hete ee ee eee 43 6 2 Automatic Calibration using SCE UA nternet 46 6 3 Simulation in real time mode merten e ea ae 49 6 4 Return Period mode ccccccccecececcccecscecaccecscecaccecscecaccececscacaucecscecancecscesaraeeecs 50 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CREST MODEL FOR OTHER BASINS 53 S CONAC Eos eeen tise visto saree natten none seria es eeouans 55 9 SELECTED CREST MODEL RELATED REFERENCES 55 TO APPENDECA LOOKUP TABLES sree da 57 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 1 Introduction The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model is a hybrid modeling strategy t
12. file too big when modelers want to add other parameters or data into the CREST Additionally when implementation of the model becomes complex it will contain too many files under one file folder causing unnecessary confusion and inconvenience to users or modelers DDM txt DEM txt FAM txt Basics Rain PET Control txt i i gt 4 Discharge Exports Name hyp txt Figure 2 3 Files and Folders Organization of CREST v1 6c In CREST v2 0 control file was divided into ProjectName Project Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Parameters txt InitialConditions txt and Calibrations txt Each of four files is put in standalone folders including other related data and files Thus the ProjectName Project file only contains the model s input information and its configuration This will enables user to build and modify these files easily Figure 2 4 shows all the folders defined in CREST v2 0 based on their functionality More detailed information of these folders will be discussed in following sections Basics ICS Params OBS States ProjectName Project Rain PET Results Calibs Figure 2 4 Files and Folders Organization of CREST v2 0 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 2 2 5 Comparison with CREST v1 6c Compare the simulation 2 3 4 nn ae TAN _vl 6c 8 019 4 415 4 461 4368 4 462 443 5 _v2 0 00 5 039 2 917 2 886 2 885 3 042 3 369
13. is the information of the CREST v2 1 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line 51 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran The 10 19 line is the reading and writing data The 20 line is the separation line The 21 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 22 29 line is reading runoff data The 30 line is sorting for return period The 31 line is exporting file Num 1 The 32 line is the separation line The 33 line is the end date and time for running the model The 34 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 4 3 Return Period Mode File Output Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 1 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName YYYY MM DD HH MM SS CREST log for example NZoia 2011 02 07 00 33 05 CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model ran The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system There is only one types of file to output when the model is running in the repe mode Level X X is the level number recording the return period values 52 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 7 Implementation of the CREST model for other basins The CREST model automatically runs over the region defined by the proje
14. modular design framework to accommodate research development and system enhancements see Fig 2 a in Xue et al 2013 Inclusion of the optimization scheme SCEUA to enable automatic calibration of the CREST model parameters see Fig 2 a in Xue et al 2013 QPF Forecast Function Mode was incorporated and applied in the NASA SERVIR Africa Project https www servirglobal net EastAfrica MapsData aspx All the parameters in CREST vl 6c were classified into three types Initial Conditions Physical Parameters to be derived by a priori parameter method and conceptual parameters to be calibrated some of the non sensitive parameters were omitted more details in user manual Model implementation with options of either spatially uniform semi distributed or fully distributed parameterization schemes A multi site cascading calibration framework was used to calibrate the model using multi site streamflow gauge data from upstream to downstream Users Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran should prepare the streamflow data e Enhancement of the computation capability using matrix manipulation e Project file was used to replace the original control file and users can pass the project file to the CREST model instead of putting both the crest model executable file and the control file under the same directory path Additionally the statements in the project file could be in any order and more flexible e The Model can write out all the outp
15. statement is Keyword Value The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the comments Keyword is not case sensitive 4 1 Model Area 5 FFP SF SSS SS SSS SS SST TT TST TTS AAA 6 MODEL AREA T RRA FRA A A AAA AAA AO 3 NCols 197 Number of columns NRows 167 Number of rows 10 ALLCorner 33 94999 11 YLLCOrner 00 1083333 12 CellSize 0 008333334 13 NoData value 94999 14 FEFEEESEEES EES ESTES ETE ES EETE EEE TEES ERTS ES ERTS EE ESTE EEE Figure 4 1 Sample Model Area in ProjectName Project 15 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran NCols Number of cell columns NRows Number of cell rows XLLCorner X coordinate of the origin by lower left corner of the cell YLLCorner Y coordinate of the origin by lower left corner of the cell CellSize Cell Size NoData_ Value The input values to be No Data in the input output map file 4 2 Model Run Time Information 14 FSFFSS SSS SS SSS SSS S SETS STS aaa 15 MODEL Run Time Information 16 y year m month d day h hour u minute s second 17 AER RA TT TTT TT TTT TT TTT ETE 18 TimeMark h 19 TimesStep 3 z0 StartDate 2003010100 21 LoadState no 2 WarmupDate 2003010100 23 EndDate
16. 2003011000 24 SaveState no 25 FHFFFEF TT TT EST TTT A A RARA Figure 4 2 Sample Model Run Time Information in ProjectName Project TimeMark The unit of time step The possible units are y year m month d day h hour u minute s second TimeStep Time Step StartDate Start date of the simulation its format is defined as yyyymmddhhuuss the length is up to the time step unit for example yyyy when time step unit is y yyyymmddhhuuss when time step unit is s LoadState The mark for reading the state file yes means user want to run the model by state files as initial value no means the initial values are read determined by initial condition file WarmupDate Warm up date for the simulation its format is defined the same as 16 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran StartDate EndDate End date for the simulation 1ts format 1s defined the same as StartDate SaveState The mark for saving the state file yes means user want to save the state files when finished running the model no means user does not want to save the state files 4 3 Model Run Style 25 Fira iaa aaa a a a AAA 26 MODEL Run Style 27 ERRATA 28 RunStyle simu simu cali SCEUA RealTime repe 29 RRRARARA RA RARA RARA RRA RA RARA AA RARA AAA RARA A AAA AAA RARA AA RA AR ARA AAA Figure 4 3 Sample Model Run Style in ProjectName
17. 3 1 1 0 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 451 0 534 1 114 1 452 0 0 0 605 0 605 2003 1 1 3 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 382 0 533 1 112 1 452 0 0 2 359 2 359 2003 1 1 6 00 0 009 0 215 0 043 0 024 38 331 0 533 1 107 1 452 0 0 002 3 375 3 375 2003 1 1 9 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 263 0 532 1 1 1 452 0 0 4 655 4 655 2003 1 1 12 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 194 0 531 1 089 1 452 0 0 6 218 6 218 2003 1 1 15 00 0 889 0 215 0 043 0 03 39 705 0 552 1 15 1 508 0 131 0 225 7 681 7 681 2003 1 1 18 00 0 018 0 215 0 043 0 025 39 668 0 551 1 137 1 509 0 001 0 004 8 794 8 794 2003 1 1 21 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 024 39 597 0 55 1 122 1 508 0 0 9 526 9 526 2003 1 2 0 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 024 39 526 0 549 1 108 1 508 0 0 10 018 10 018 Outlet_OutletName_ Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location Table 6 2 Sample of Outlet_OutletName_Results_Statistics csv 45 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran NSCE i Bias 2 72E 03 CC ji OutPix_OutPixName_X_Mask The mask file for the specified output pixel OutPix_OutPixName_X_Results csv The results for the output pixel location Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet OutPixName X _Mask OutPix_ OutPixName X Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location Table 6 2 6 2 Automatic Calibration using SCE UA 6 2 1 Running in Automatic Calibration Mode using SCE UA To run the model in automatic calibration mode using SCE U
18. 36 line is the parameters information for SCE UA method The 37 line is the separation line The 38 51 line is the output results for each loop of SCE UA method The 52 63 line is the output results simulated using the calibrated parameters The 66 line is the separation line The 67 line is the end date and time for running the model The 68 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 2 3 Automatic Calibration Mode File Output using SCE UA Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 1 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName YYYY MM DD HH MM SS CREST log for example NZola 2011 02 07 00 33 05 CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model ran The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system There are many files to output when the model is running in the cali SCEUA mode 48 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Mask When the mask file is omitted in the basics folder Slope When the slope file is omitted in the basics folder Outlet_OutletName_Mask The mask file for the specified outlet Outlet_OutletName_Results csv The results for the outlet location Table 6 1 Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet_OutletName_Mask Outlet_OutletName_ Results_Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location OutPix_OutPixName_X_Mask The mask
19. 6 Calibs Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of calibration for the model 5 6 1 Calibrations txt File Required Always Name Calibrations txt Format 2 http hydro ou edu files Crest_Workshops Kenya_Xianwu_2012 DayTwo Hands on 20Session Calibrate 20the 20CREST 20Model pdf 37 Purpose Notes Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran ASCII Contain the configuration for calibrations in CREST v2 1 The statement in the Calibrations txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement 1s Keyword Value The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive 38 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran LEAR A ra aa a a a a a a aaa 2 CREST Calibrations File Version more than 2 0 BS AAA a TST aa a a aaa a a a a AAA d iseed d 5 maxn 2000 6 kstop 10 7 pcento 0 0001 8 ngs 2 3 EEE 10 NCalibStations 1 11 IsColkRow no yes use Col Row No Lan amp Lati 12 FRA AAA ri a a a a aa a aa aa a a aaa 13 Station 1 Begin 14 Name 1 NZoia 15 Value 1 1 16 Long 1 34 08745 17 Lati 1 0 1208334 18 RainFact 1 0 35 0 95 1 2 19 fEsat_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 20 FW
20. 98008224424 0 99 7100589180413 6 992920202499234 6 999964497861051 6 997999 99 773535184 6 999999992547714 i 2663 81 81 2663 81 81 2663 81 81 2083 81 81 2663 81 81 2083 81 81 2663 81 81 2083 81 81 2663 81 82 results of the NSCE LAS LI Region Region Region Region Region r Region Region Region Region Region Region 66 88 86 68 BB BB BA HA 86 08 66 68 HAB 08 HA 08 MB Out let is 5 99999999 EL AS UL 1 Hanna tine 586 783 date and run time any key to continue Seconds Number Number Number Number Number Nunbe r Numbe r Nunbe r Numbe r Number Numbe r yyyy nn dd hh imm iss gt 47 2011702707 i 48 27 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Figure 6 2 Output results in screen for cali_SCEUA mode The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line is the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line is the information of the CREST v2 1 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line The 10 21 line is the reading and writing data The 22 line is the separation line The 23 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 24 32 line is the reading and writing data The 33 line is the separation line The 34
21. A the run style in the project file must be set to cali_ SCEUA Precipitation data PET data and observed discharge are all needed for the calibration period A special feature such as Reinitializing or Resuming Calibration has been included in CREST v2 1 6 2 2 Automatic Calibration Mode Standard Output using SCE UA 46 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran aj FAXXWCREST_DEV XXWCVEFCREST v20 Debug XXWCVFECREST v2 fv xe nt Enter the name of the Project FILE F ARWCREST_DEU XRWCUPCREST v2 2RW_NZoia Project Nzoia CREST COUPLED ROUTING AND EXCESS STORAGE lt OU Version 2 1 10 31 2014 amp NASA gt Run start date and time 20117 02707 1 47 37 Project Data Data Map of Map of Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Mask Map of Prarneters Reading Reading Basic Getting Mask Mask Mask Out let Outlet to File OutPix Num 1 OutPix Num 1 to DutPix Num 2 OutPix Num 2 to Data Writing Gett Writ Getting ing ing File Writing File Reading Conditions Data Da t a Reading Initial Reading calibration Running Style is Calibration using SCE UAt ENTER THE MAIN PROGRAM SCE UA Number 1 Random Seed Value ENTER THE SCEUA SUBROUTINE P SCE UA Run Evolution Loop Nunber 5 6 99 78681681681642 Region Number The B Run end Elapsed Press 6 9923785582951 68 6 986811811683949 8 9847129978491 78 6 972267281588515 6 992248 7808045417 Evolution Loop Nunbe 6 9999
22. Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran NASA University of Oklahoma OU HyDROS Lab http hydro ou edu CREST Coupled Routing and Excess STorage User Manual CREST Version 2 1 Fortran nne Canopy j PET Infiltration Actual ET Runoff Generation Surface Runoff Cell to Subsurface Cell Routing Runoff Variable Infiltration Curve Cell To Cell Surface Runoff Routine Cell To Cell Interflow Runoff Routing By Dr Xianwu Xue Dr Yang Hong and Dr Ke Zhang Copyright Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Lab National Weather Center Norman OK USA April 16 2015 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Cover CREST Coupled Routing and Excess Storage User Manual Version 2 1 Brief Version History 02 02 2011 Model was updated from CREST vl 6c to Modular Designed v2 0 with embedded SCE UA Developed by Dr Xianwu Xue and Dr Yang Hong 01 11 2014 Model was updated to v2 0 3 10 31 2014 Model was updated to v2 1 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Table of Contents CRES Tarda EE E T EE E 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS cretani EN EINERODUGCTION 5 A A A 1 2 NEW FEATURES OF CREST IN DIFFERENT VERSIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING cerni E ASA aeuseeuuuspienvaereacsusuoune 1 Za Whats New a EREST VD dicas 1 2 2 New features in CREST v2 0 also inherited by the CREST v2 1 1 COMPILA TIO NS iia oia 13 S Compite on Linux Systems a id 13 32 COMPS on Window Systems rc 13 A PROJECT EILE ceaiin raaa er EEA EE EES 15 Bie
23. FS FS SES SSS SS SSS FETS SETS STE 55 CalibFormat asc 56 CalibPath EXW NZoia Project Calibs 57 FSF SSS SSS S STFS SST SS TST TST T RER TTT TTT TT Ta 58 OBSFormat asc 59 OBSPath XXW NZoia Project 0OBs GO FEFEEEEEEES EEE ES EEES ESET EE SEATS ES ARA AA AA AAA RARA RA RARA RARA RAR AA Figure 4 6 Sample Model Directory in ProjectName Project As shown in Figure 3 3 CREST v2 1 divides the input and output data into 9 groups each groups has a standalone folders such as Basics Params States ICS Rains PET Results Calibs and OBS the name of the folder can be user specified but the its keyword is fixed Each folder contains some files detailed content will be introduced in the next chapter the format of the folder means all or most of the files in this folder will use this format The file possible formats of CREST v2 1 are ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT TRMMRT TRMMV6 NMQBIN ASBIMO and BIBIMO 19 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 4 6 OutPix Information EO PAAR 61 The below data are omitted when RunStyle cali SCEUA A 63 fOutPix Information G4 ERA ai a TTT 65 NOutPixs 2 66 OutPixColRow no 67 OutPixNamel Nzoia 68 OutPixLongl 234 08749 69 OutPixLatil 0 1208334 70 OutPixName AAW Inne rPoint 71 OutPixLong2 34 537549 72 OutPixLati2 0 386947 e Figure 4 7 Sample OutPix Information in ProjectN
24. M_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 21 FB_ 1 1 3 0 95 1 2 22 FIM_ 1 1 3 0 95 1 2 23 FEE _ 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 24 coeM 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 Z5 fexpM 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 26 coeR 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 27 fcoes 1 07 9 0 95 1 2 28 K5 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 Min Value Max 23 KI 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 30 Station 1 End Figure 5 2 Sample of Calibrations txt file 1 SCE UA Parameters 1seed Initial random seed maxn Max no of trials allowed before optimization 1s terminated kstop Number of shuffling loops in which the criterion value must chang by the given percentage before optimization is terminated pcento Percentage by which the criterion value must change in given number of shuffling loops ngs Number of complexes in the initial population 2 Configuration for calibration NCalibStations Number of Calibrated Stations IsColRow Specified if the location of calibrated station is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the outlet of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the outlet 39 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran is longitude and latitude 3 Configuration for Each Station Name_X The name of the Xth station Value_X The region value of the Xth station Long_X The longitude of the Xth station when IsColRow is assigned no Lati_X The latitude of the Xth station when IsColRow is assigned no Col_X The Column of the Outlet Pixels when IsColRow is assigned yes
25. Y Hong J Wang K K Yilmaz J J Gourley R F Adler G R Brakenridge F Policelli S Habib and D Irwin 2011 Satellite Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Inundation Mapping in Lake Victoria Basin Implications for Hydrologic Prediction in Ungauged Basins EEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing 49 1 85 95 Jan 2011 dot 55 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 10 1109 TGRS 2010 20575 13 Wu H Adler RF Hong Y Tian Y Policelli F 2012 Evaluation of Global Flood Detection Using Satellite Based Rainfall and a Hydrologic Model Journal of Hydrometeorolog 13 4 1268 1284 56 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 10 Appendix A Look up Tables Table 10 1 Look up Table for UMD Vegetation Types Value UMD Vegetation Category ae SEE 0 Water 0 001 l Evergreen Needleleaf Forest 1 2 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest 1 25 3 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest 1 4 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest 1 25 5 Mixed Forest 125 6 Woodland 0 997 7 Wooded Grassland 0 872 8 Closed Shrubland 0 651 9 Open Shrubland 0 578 10 Grassland 0 75 11 Cropland 0 75 12 Bare Ground 0 55 13 Urban and Built 0 797 57 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Table 10 2 Look up Table for HWSD Soil Texture Fild Code Texture Abbr Capacity Orc m m 0 No_Soil NS 0 l Clay heavy CH 0 36 2 Silty Clay SIC 0 36 3 Clay C 0 36 4 Silty Clay Loam SICL 0 34 5 Clay Loam CL 0 34 6 Silt SI 0 32 7 Silt Loam SIL 0 3 8 Sandy Clay SC 0 31 9 Loam L
26. ame Project NOutPixs OutPixColRow OutPixNameX OutPixLongX OutPixLatix OutPixColX OutPixRowX The number of output pixels OutPixColRow is specified if the pixel is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the location of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the location is longitude and latitude The name of the Xth Pixels The value of X is up to NOutPixs X 1 NOutPixs The longitude of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColRow is assigned no The latitude of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColRow is assigned no The Column of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColX is assigned yes The Row of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColX is assigned yes 20 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 4 7 Outlet Information 18 FR R RR E TTT TTT TTT aaa 74 fOutlet Information Ed 76 HasOutlet yes 77 OutletColRow no 78 OutletName Nzoia 79 OutletLong 34 08745 BO QutletLati 00 1208334 Bl FFF FFF FSS S SSS SSS S SESS SSS SSS S TTT TTT T TTF Figure 4 8 Sample Outlet Information in ProjectName Project HasOutlet OutletColRow OutletName OutletLong OutletLati OutletCol OutletRow 4 8 Grid Outputs Whether have outlet or not a value of yes means research area has an outlet a value of no means have not OutletColRow is specified if the outlet is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longit
27. ats such as ASBIMO BIBIMO ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT TRMMRT TRMMV6 and NMQBIN and can clip the file automatically when this file is not equal to the extent defined in ProjectName Project so user does not need to extract the research area by themselves as long as your prepared input files have broader space domain 5 1 Basics Folder This folder contains the basic file for the model such as DEM file FDR file Flow Direction FAC file Flow Accumulation and so on 5 1 1 DEM File Required Always Name DEM Format All Formats Purpose Contains a digital elevation model of the basin area with heights in meters Notes 1 http hydro ou edu files Crest Workshops Kenya Xianwu_2012 DayTwo Hands on 20Session Preparing 20Data 20For 20CREST 20Model pdf 25 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran The coordinate system of CREST v2 1 can use both Geographic Coordinate System and Projected Coordinate System PCS 5 1 2 FDR File Required Always Name FDR Format All Formats Purpose Contain a flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor of the basin area Notes The coordinate system of FDR File should be same as DEM Hile In the former version of CREST direction coding only use the rule like Figure 5 1 a generated by CNT however most popular software like ArcGIS use the rule like Figure 5 1 b so CREST v2 1 uses both of the two rules
28. ct file Therefore if you are operating with global basic grids it is possible to easily and quickly model a basin in the world by just simply defining the outlet of a new basin In the event that the basic grids you are using do not cover the region which you want to model or if you want to model a region with a finer resolution then it is necessary to derive new project file The steps to do this are described below Fully implementing the CREST model on any basin can be achieved in a three step Process 1 A project file for the new modeling region needs to be created a Copy an existing project file even one of the provided example project files and modify the paths to point to the location of the new paths of the folders Determine the latitudes and longitudes of a rectangle around the region which you wish to model These do not have to be precise by any means and can be pulled from Google Earth or Google Maps for an approximate region around the basin you wish to model However the basin you wish the model on must be entirely contained in the bounding rectangle you specified In order for CREST to work with the DEM FDR and FAC files produced by the CNT Tool or other software they must be named DEM FDR and FAC 2 The model can now be run for your new basin in any desired modes To get realistic results it is necessary to generate a prior parameters from available land surface datasets or later calibrate
29. eM expM coeR coeS KS KI Omitted TH Omitted GM AreaFact 5 2 1 Parameters txt File Required Name Format Always Parameters txt 1WU iSO 1SI pFe Rain pWm B pIM 100 pKE coeM expM River Under LeakO LeakI TH GM AreaC Symbol v1 6c 33 Description Initial Value of Soil Moisture Initial value of Overland Reservoir Initial value of Interflow reservoir the Soil saturate hydraulic conductivity the multiplier on the precipitation field The Mean Water Capacity the exponent of the variable infiltration curve Impervious area ratio The factor to convert the PET to local actual overland runoff velocity coefficient overland flow speed exponent multiplier used to convert overland flow speed to channel flow speed multiplier used to convert overland flow speed to interflow flow speed Overland reservoir Discharge Parameter Interflow Reservoir Discharge Parameter Threshold to determine which cells are river cells downstream cell is higher than the upstream downstream cell is a nodata outside region cell multiplier that modifies the area of grid cells Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran ASCII Purpose Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 1 Notes The statement in the Parameters txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement 1s Keyword Value Such as SymbolType Uniform Distribut
30. ed If SymbolType Uniform then Symbol Value Else Symbol file must be provided in the same folder End if The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive 5 2 2 Sysmbol File Required Optional Only needed when this parameter s style is Distributed 34 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Name ParameterName ParameterName possibly likes Rain Format ASCII Purpose Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 1 Notes The file coordinate system of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 3 State Folder This folder contains the state files such as State StartDate SSO State StartDate SI0 and State StartDate W0 when LoadState yes When SaveState yes then State EndDate SS0 State EndDate SI0 and State EndDate WO will be created after running the model 5 4 ICS Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of initial conditions for the mode 5 4 1 InitialConditions txt File Required Always Name InitialConditions txt Format ASCII 35 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Purpose Contain the configuration for in
31. er on the precipitation field The Mean Water Capacity the exponent of the variable infiltration curve Impervious area ratio The factor to convert the PET to local actual overland runoff velocity coefficient overland flow speed exponent multiplier used to convert overland flow Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran speed to channel flow speed multiplier used to convert overland flow coes Under speed to interflow flow speed KS LeakO Overland reservoir Discharge Parameter KI Leakl Interflow Reservoir Discharge Parameter Omitted TH TH Threshold to determine which cells are river cells Acjusiment downstream cell is higher than the upstream Parameters Omitted GM GM l l l downstream cell is a nodata outside region cell AreaFact AreaC multiplier that modifies the area of grid cells 2 2 8 Input Data Use ProjectName Project as the main control file for CREST v2 0 Use in the beginning of the line as the comments all of the inputs in the project file can be in any order In the CREST v2 0 there are two files to control the initial conditions and parameters respectively they can input both uniform value and or distributed values For the observed streamflow data csv format same as Excel are used to convenient to be prepared by Excel xl ed 9 0 17 Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data pA ee RIF 1d Aw Paste B 7 U Dr AY a Y Format Painter Clipboard Font Al 4 Th O m m Date
32. file for the specified output pixel OutPix_OutPixName_X_Results csv The results for the output pixel location Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet_OutPixName_X_Mask OutPix_OutPixName_X_Results_Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location SCEUAOut_YYYY MM DD HH UU SS dat The results for SCE UA method Label The calibrated parameters file Labels shows in Table 5 1 6 3 Simulation in real time mode 6 3 1 Running in Real Time Mode To run the model in real time mode the run style in the project file must be set to RealTime Precipitation data and PET data are needed for the real time period 6 3 2 Real Time Mode Standard Output It is the same as Simulation mode however the end date and time depending on the latest available precipitation and PET data or images 6 3 3 Real Time Mode File Output It is the same as Simulation however the end date and time is up to the available precipitation and PET 49 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 6 4 Return Period mode 6 4 1 Running in repe Mode To run the model in repe Return Period mode the run style in the project file must be set to repe It needs run the model in simu mode with GOVar R yes in advance and then run the model in repe mode 6 4 2 Real Time Mode Standard Output 50 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran FVAAWCREST_DEVVAAWCVEFCREST v2 0 Debug AXWCVEFCRES I_v2 exe Enter the name of the Project FILE
33. hat was jointly developed by the University of Oklahoma http hydro ou edu and NASA SERVIR Project Team www servir net The CREST model was initially designed to provide real time regional and global hydrological prediction by simultaneously modeling over multi basins with significantly cost effective computational efficiency http eos ou edu however it is also very applicable for small to medium size basins at very high resolutions CREST simulates the spatiotemporal variation of water and energy fluxes and storages on a regular grid with the grid cell resolution being user defined thereby enabling multi scale applications The scalability of CREST simulations is accomplished through sub grid scale representation of soil moisture storage capacity using a variable infiltration curve and multi scale runoff generation processes using multi linear reservoirs The representation of the primary water fluxes such as infiltration and routing are physically related to the spatially variable land surface characteristics 1 e vegetation soil type and topography etc The runoff generation process and routing scheme are coupled thus providing more realistic interactions between lower atmospheric boundary layers terrestrial surface and subsurface water The above flexible modeling features and embedded automated calibration algorithms make the CREST a powerful yet cost effective tool for distributed hydrological modeling and implementation at global
34. ically Name Slope def Format ASCII only contain one value Purpose Contain the threshold for determining the stream Notes Slope def is used to compatible with the former version of CREST instead of GM parameter in the former version of CREST 5 1 11 Lake Mask File Required Optional If NumOfLakes 0 then omitted Name LakeMask Format All Formats Purpose Contains a mask of lakes in this region indicating which cells is the lake Notes The coordinate system of LakeMask File should be same as DEM File 31 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 5 2 Params Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of parameters for the model There are total 18 parameters classified into four types in this new version see Table 5 1 CREST v2 1 puts the initial condition into ICS folder will introduce later TH and GM are optional control parameters and AreaFact can be calculated by ArcGIS or other software or by CREST v2 1 automatically So there are 12 essential parameters in CREST v2 1 The look up tables the range and the default value of part all of these parameters are listed in Appendices Table 10 1 Table 10 2 and Table 10 3 32 Module Initial condition Physical Parameters Conceptual Parameters Adjustment Parameters Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Table 5 1 Classification in CREST v2 1 vs vl 6c Symbol v2 1 WO SSO SIO Ksat RainFact WM B IM KE co
35. ing and writing data The 22 line is the separation line The 23 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 24 32 line is the reading and writing data The 33 line is the separation line 44 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran The 34 37 line is the output results The 38 line is the separation line The 39 line is the end date and time for running the model The 40 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 1 3 Simulation Mode File Outputs Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 1 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName YY YY MM DD HH UU SS CREST log for example NZoia 2011 02 07 00 33 05 CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model is running The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system There are many files to output when the model is running in the simulation mode Mask When the mask file is omitted in the basics folder Slope When the slope file is omitted in the basics folder Outlet_OutletName_Mask The mask file for the specified outlet Outlet_OutletName_Results csv The results for the outlet location Table 6 1 Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet_OutletName_Mask Table 6 1 Sample of Outlet_OutletName_Results csv DateTime Rain PET EPot EAct W SM RS RI Excs Excl R RObs 200
36. itial conditions in CREST v2 1 Notes The statement in the InitialConditions txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement is Keyword Value Such as SymbolType Uniform Distributed If SymbolType Uniform then Symbol Value Else Symbol file must be provided in the same folder End if The Symbol includes SS0 SIO and W0 see Table 5 1 The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive 5 4 2 Sysmbol File Required Optional Only needed when this parameter s style is Distributed Name ParameterName 36 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran ParameterName possibly likes Rain Format ASCII Purpose Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 1 Notes The file coordinate system of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 5 OBS Folder This folder contains all the observed runoff data for the model calibration or verification The file s name is name as OutPixNameX Obs csv and or OutletName Obs csv csv is the comma delimited file OutPixNameX and OutletName are the same as the project file 5
37. ix some bugs e Take TH and FAC for example e FAC has two means 1 Number of the upstream grids 2 Upstream basin s area From codes TH is the area not the number so should sum the upstream grids area 11 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 3 Compilations This CREST model version is written in FORTRAN and will run under most Operating systems It has been successfully implemented on Pentium amp PC based systems Microsoft Windows and Linux It is not necessary to modify the source code of CREST in order to change settings or switch to other basins In CREST v1 6 the control file with a default name of control txt and basic grids dictate the necessary settings for running the model However CREST V2 1 control file uses ProjectName Project instead of the control txt Users are recommended to name the control file ProjectName project as specific projects if you have multiple projects using the model in same file system 3 1 Compiling on Linux Systems The Linux Unix operating systems are case sensitive So when you compile CREST model you must pay attention to the name and extension of the default file 3 1 1 Using ifort compiler Compiling CREST is easy with FORTRAN compiler The source code of CREST model is contained in a single file for ease of use As such in order to compile CREST using ifort all you need to do is to type a simple command line ifort crest for o crest lx This wi
38. jectName Project file 41 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 6 Run Styles Different run styles have different combinations of outputs the following section will introduce the outputs for each style 6 1 Simulation 6 1 1 Running in Simulation Mode To run the model in simulation mode the run style in the project file must be set to simu Precipitation data and PET data are also needed for the simulation period By default CREST reads the ProjectName Project located in the current working directory However as of CREST v2 1 it is possible to specify the project file name as a command line option to the CREST executable 43 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 6 1 2 Simulation Mode Standard Outputs FAJOONCREST DEVIOONCVECREST 20 Dela DOWCVFCREST v2 exe POOTIMG AND FXCI Versos 2 1 10312014 yyyy nnr dd hhinmiss Mi 1 MOS P S 7 1 8 Vai 0 EK TAM m 0i a re toe bie en ee a o SE 08 01 0 n m oe of t he Figure 6 1 Output results in screen for Simulation mode The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line is the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line 1s the information of the CREST v2 1 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line The 10 21 line is the read
39. let and inner pints having observation data The output data files use their data type as prefix to make the user know them easily 2 2 11 Output amp Post Process CSV format is used for the outlet and any location output results 10 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 2 2 12 Calibration Optimize the distributed parameters using SCE UA and Matrix Manipulation where g RegMask g tCalibSta g RegNum Value tCalibSta g RegNum x 1 g tCalibSta g RegNum x 2 g tCalibSta g_ RegNum x 3 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 4 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 5 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 6 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 7 tParamsAdj Cali RainFact g tParamsAdj Cali Ksat g tParamsAdj Cali WM g tParamsAdj Cali B g tParamsAdj Cali IM g tParamsAdj Cali KE g tParamsAdj Cali coeM g tCalibSta g RegNum x 8 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 9 g tCalibSta g RegNum x 10 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 11 g tCalibSta g_RegNum x 12 g tCalibSta g RegNum x 13 g tCalibSta g RegNum x 14 g tCalibSta g RegNum x 15 g tParamsAdj Cali expM g tParamsAdj Cali coeR g tParamsAdj Cali coeS g tParamsAdj Cali KS g tParamsAdj Cali Kl g tParams dj Cal1 TH g tParamsAdj Cali GM g tParamsAdj Cali AreaFact end where Figure 2 8 Matrix Manipulation Using cascading strategy calibrate the model automatically using different regions with different parameters dataset based on the calibration stations region number 2 2 13 F
40. ll compile the CREST FORTRAN source code file into an executable named crest lx The Intel FORTRAN compiler has many other command line arguments to enable additional optimizations and other features If you want a full list and description of how to use ifort please consult the Intel FORTRAN compiler user manual 3 2 Compiling on Window Systems 3 2 1 Using Compaq Visual FORTRAN CVF compiler Compiling CREST is also very easy using CVF on Windows platforms you can just open the crest for by CVF and then compile it and finally crest exe will be created 13 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran If you want a full list and description of how to use CVF please consult the Compaq Visual FORTRAN compiler user manual 14 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 4 Project File The file ProjectName Project contains the information about Model Area Run Time Information Configuration Directory Run Style Outputs Information for Specified Pixels and Outlet Outputs States and Outputs Date and it also contains file assignments and their formats One line for each assignment or information The ProjectName 1s the name of the project when run CREST v2 1 on Linux Unix operating system the extension of project file should write as Project not project or others Note The statement in the project file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the
41. st of the application A 0 25h 0 075h _ b 0 25h 0 075h 0 25h Jumped Linear Reservoir JLR Figure 4 5 Description of the JLR and CLR in CREST v2 1 18 Continuous Linear Reservoir CLR Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 4 5 Model Directory 25 SESESESESESESESESESES ESE SESE SESS ES ES SES ESSE ESSER ESSER ES ES ES ES ES ES 30 MODEL Directory 31 Format ASC TET DBIF BIFFIT 32 TREMMRT TRMMV6 NHOBIN ASBIMO BIBIMO BS FRA RRA SSS STFS ST SFT STS FFT SSS SSS SSS SESS SSS SS SE 34 BasicFormat asc 35 BasicPath KXW NZoia Project Basics BE FSSFSFSSSFFS SSS SSSSS SSS FS SSS A 37 ParamFormat asc 38 ParamPath KXW NZoia Project Params BS FAR SSS SS SSS EE ST TSS a AAA 40 StateFormat asc 41 StatePath KXW NZoia Project States 42 SSFP SSS SS SS STFS S TSS S SSS S SST TT TTT TTT Tae 43 ICSFormat asc aa ICSPath XXW NZoia Project Ics 45 SSFP SSS SSS SSS SESS FSS SSS SSS ESS SS SSS STE ESS SSS SS SST STE 46 RainFormat asc 47 RainPath XXW NZoia Project Rains NZoia rain 48 FSS FS SSS SS SS SEES ST SSS SS SSS SSS ESS SF SSS SST ESET SSS SSS SSS nT 49 PETFormat asc 50 PETPath XXW NZoia Project PETs NZoia pet 51 FFF FFF SSS SSS SSS TSS STS SSS SSS a SSS STS SSS SSS SST TE 2 Result Format asc 53 ResultPath EXW NZoia Project Results 54 FSS FS SSS SSS S SESS SSS SS SSS SSS SS
42. the model using a gauged station within your defined new basin The automatic calibration built into the 53 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran CREST model is the easiest way to calibrate the model 54 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 8 Contact Development and maintenance of the current official version of the OU NASA CREST model is conducted at the University of Oklahoma Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory http hydro ou edu and Advanced Radar Research Center ARRC located in the National Weather Center http nwc ou edu For information about the current release and future development plan of the CREST model family please visit the page http hydro ou edu research crest or send e mail to Dr Yang Hong yanghong ou edu and Dr Xianwu Xue xuexianwu O ou edu 9 Selected CREST model Related References Wang J Y Hong L Li J J Gourley K Yilmaz S I Khan F S Policelli R F Adler Habib D Irwn S A Limaye T Korme and L Okello 2011 The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model Hydrol Sciences Journal 56 84 98 Xue X Hong Y Limaye AS Gourley JJ Huffman GJ Khan SI et al 2013 Statistical and hydrological evaluation of TRMM based Multi satellite Precipitation Analysis over the Wangchu Basin of Bhutan Are the latest satellite precipitation products 3B42V7 ready for use in ungauged basins Journal of Hydrology 499 0 91 99 Khan S I
43. ude A value of yes means the outlet of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the outlet is longitude and latitude The name of the outlet Pixels The longitude of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned no The latitude of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned no The Column of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned yes The Row of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned c6 29 yes Grid Outputs is the control of 2 D grid based output yes means output and no means do not output The run time of the model depends on the number of outputs A faster CREST model runtime can be achieved by reducing the number of output variables Output format is controlled by the ResultFormat in section 4 4 All outputs are spatially 21 Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran interpolated to the proper resolution and clipped to either the basic grids or the drainage area automatically ja BL FERRO 62 Grid Outputs BS ERA TTF S STF F SST F FST T SSF EHE 84 GOVar Rain no 65 GOVar PET no 86 GOVar EPot no 87 GOVar EAct no 88 GOVar W no 89 GOVar SH no 30 GOVar R no 31 GOVar Excs no 32 GOVar Excl no 33 GOVar R3 no 4 GOVar RI no 3 e on Figure 4 9 Sample Grid Outputs in ProjectName Project GOVar_Rain GOVar_PET GOVar_EPOT GOVar_EAct GOVar_W GOVar SM GOVar_R GOVar_ExcS GOVar Excl GO Var RS
44. ut variables in any given time spatially distributed data and in any designated location Time series 2 2 2 Summary of the codes e V1 6c Total 2106 Lines e V2 0 00 Total 8841 Lines Include 5437 Lines of Main CREST 3403 Lines of CREST UA 2 2 3 Framework and Modular Design of CREST Model Comparing to previous CREST v1 6c the programming framework of CREST v2 0 was redesigned to better suit for distributed hydrological modeling As shown in Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 Xue et al 2013 CREST v2 0 includes more spatially distributed input data including a prior parameters and outputs more variables data Obs Data DEM gt n J Stream Mask Grid Area Area Factor Priori Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran ICS Fs Figure 2 1 Programming Framework of CREST v2 0 W S Runoff SM EAc E Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran Atmospheric Forcing Precipitation pea PET Infiltration Actual ET DEM FDR nnn Soil Moisture Generation Runoff Cell to Subsurtace Cell Routine Runoff Cell To Cell Interflow Runoff Routing Figure 2 2 a The framework of the CREST model version 2 0 and b vertical profile of hydrological processes in a grid cell Copyright 2015 CREST V2 1 Fortran 2 2 4 Organization of the Files and Folders The previous version CREST vl 6c puts all data information into Control txt Figure 2 3 this will make the control
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