PILATUS 100K detector system
Contents
1. Pilatus 100K Figure 9 Operation with TVX and Camserver on separate computers 6 3 1 Overview of TVX TVX is a free open source data acquisition and control software suite tailored to X ray science TVX is an attempt to provide a flexible user interface that is easily adapted to control a broad range of 2 D X ray detectors as well as a powerful collection of analysis tools TVX operates by distributing the tasks of data analysis and hardware control between two separate programs The first program which is most often referred to as TVX contains the user interface and analysis tool suite The other which is referred to as the Camserver is responsible for controlling the hardware of the specific data acquisition system These two programs communicate over a TCP IP connection as shown in Figure 8 and thus do not need to run on the same machine much less under the same operating system see Figure 9 User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 16 55 Linux Computer E TE NESE EEE EE 1 1 TI Camera Server xperunenter a gt af n Command Line and EET E Netwnrk Connection 9 Hardware Control Data Acquisition Control Graphical User Interfaces TCP IP Socket Other Computer Figure 10 TVX communication scheme Camserver bundles all of the details of the hardware control into a C program which is easy to port across computer platforms An added benefit of this model is that it allows2. you can t hurt anything Figure 15 The menu of TVX Many commands in TVX or Camserver require an input value or argument Without the declaration of a value the currently set value is shown In this manual input values are shown in Italic Command or Macro Description menu Shows all commands It is divided in 4 parts e TVX reserved symbols e TVX defined commands e Macros saved in default gl e Variables helo command or Shows the helptext for the command Help help is a man command good way to start Help gr will show all commands beginning with gr the quotes are required else the system takes to mean multiplication ESC button Stop a running task and return to the TVX line interpreter CTRL C Full reset of TVX stops the running Camserver processes rod Read Back Detector Self test of the digital part of the detector Sends a User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 25 55 Command or Macro Description imagepath path grafpath path expose exposure time in seconds exposem exposure time disp1 filename digital pattern to each pixel reads it out and displays the image Every pixel should show 1000 counts Self test of the detector Sends 100 calibrate pulses to the analog part of the detector reads back the recorded values as an image and displays the result Every pixel should show 100 COUNIS Should the pixels not show 100 counts repeat the command If the i
3. ao tham define 1 autodefault autoname p2 1mod images image define 1 trackimg while nokey fwaitdimgrwait 0 1 disp defaultimzbox defaultim 0 0 486 194 define 1 trimchip scan vicam trim all v cam fillpix EX camserver Setting BOL MOL VRFS voltage to integer Ox11f 0 699V Get vrf 0 2 Setting BOL MOL VRF voltage to integer Oxd8 0 200V Set veal 0 3 Setting BO1_MO1_YCAL voltage to integer Ox a 0 299 Set vdel 0 8 Setting BO1_MO1_VDEL voltage to integer 0x149 0 801V Set vemp0 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL VCHPO voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V li macros Set vompi 0 6000 ldefine 1 trim load get p2 trim load gl Setting BOL M01 VCMP1 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V define 1 showme scan ftrawimagein f imt 0 487 195 32 disp imt 0 200 2 Set vcmp2 0 5000 define 1 selmod scan mtif m iprog chsel Oxfffftelse prog chsel 0x0 Setting BOL MOL VCHP2 voltage to integer OxfB 0 500V Jdefine 1 trimmod x get p2 trim mod x gl14 Set vcmps 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL VCMP3 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V Set vcmpd 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL VCMP4 voltage to integer OxfB 0 600 Set vcmp5 0 6000 Setting BO1_MO1_VCMP5 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 500V ss Set vcmpB 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL WCMP6 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 500V Set vcmp 0 6000 Setting BOL MOL VCMP voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V tet vomp8 0 6000 Setting BOL MOL VCMPS8 v
4. Trimbit scan With these values record images for every trim setting from 0 to 63 The result is a calibration curve for every single pixel The trimbits are set to the value of the inflection point of this curve User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 40 55 13 2Creating a trim file The detector is irradiated with uniform x ray illumination with a defined energy the calibration is done and the result is stored in a trim file For different energy levels different trim files have to be created Once a trim file is created it can be loaded for the appropriate x ray energy to achieve a uniform measurement To simplify the calibration the script p2 trim det gl guides you through the whole calibration process Depending on the flux of the x ray source this calibration may take several hours To create a trim file for a detector module you should run the following command in the TVX window get p2 trim det gl the quotation marks are required You will then be prompted to enter a name for the directory in which the trim files will be stored this should be a directory that does not already exist A format is suggested but any valid directory is acceptable This directory will be created in the images directory newmod mxxx trim ddmmyy Li Explanation mxxx preferably set the module number of the detector ddmmyyyy set the date of the trim Next you will be prompted to enter the quick test directory name for the module
5. 2002 A1 IEC 61000 4 3 2002 A1 EN 61000 4 4 2004 IEC 61000 4 4 2004 EN 61000 4 5 1995 A1 IEC 61000 4 5 1995 A1 EN 61000 4 6 1996 A1 IEC 61000 4 6 1996 A1 EN 61000 4 11 2004 IEC 61000 4 11 2004 Criterion A at 10 V m 11 55 5 Warnings Please read these warnings before operating the detector User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc Before turning the power supply on check the supply voltage with the label on the power supply Using the improper mains voltage will destroy the power supply and damage the detector Power down the detector system before connecting or disconnecting any cable Make sure the cables are connected and properly secured Avoid pressure or tension on the cables The air intakes and outlet for the detector fan should not be obstructed The detector system should have enough space for proper ventilation Operating the detector outside the specified ambient conditions could damage the system The power supply should have at least 1 cm of space underneath to provide proper ventilation Do not cover the power supply Do not touch the entrance window of the detector The detector Is not specified to withstand direct beam at a synchrotron Such exposure will damage the exposed pixels Replace the protective cover when the detector is not in use On powering up the detector the ammeter on the power supply should show a current of approximately 2 A In operation the ammeter should not exceed
6. 35 55 11 2Variables The following variables can be viewed just by typing them all times are in seconds exptime time Query or set the exposure time nimages N Query or set the number of images expperiod time Query or set the exposure period for serial exposures The exposure period must be at least 3 ms longer than the exposure time imgpath path Query or set the default imgpath delay time Query or set the external trigger delay This is the time to wait after the external trigger before taking the first image see section 14 nexpframe N Query or set the number of exposures per frame This is the number of times to enable the detector before reading out the image see section 14 User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 36 55 12 Special procedures 12 1Exposures series With the PILATUS 100K detector system it is possible to take image series with a frame rate of up to 200Hz and a shortest exposure time of 10 us All timings are controlled by a crystal clock on the DCB Define the following variables in the Camserver window e ExpTime expt e Number of images ni e Exposure period expp The exposure procedure can be started either from the Camserver window with exposure filename or from the TVX window with expo a macro The images are stored according the defined imagepath and filename without a defined filename the images are stored in the next automatic filename User_Manual Pilatus1
7. Make sure the ventilator and the ventilation holes are not covered and have enough space for a proper ventilation Make sure the detector is properly mounted 7 2 Connect to nitrogen The PILATUS 100K can be connected to a dry nitrogen flow to avoid condensation in humid conditions Humidity can damage the detector Make sure to operate the detector in the specified range 7 3 Connect the cables To operate the detector the 3 power cables and the ground should be connected Data cable RX to RX and TX to TX on the GigaSTaR Card in the PC the single connector goes to the back of the detector The data cable should be pulled onto the computer connectors with the screws rather than forcefully pushed on High Voltage 120V DC Connect the cable to the power supply and the detector It is important for data integrity that the screws be tightened Power supply 5V DC Connect the cable to the power supply and the detector Make sure it is secured properly User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 19 55 Grounding Make sure the detector is properly grounded 7 4 Connect the power supply Although the power supply is grounded via the ground connector in the power plug the housing of the power supply should be properly connected to a grounded rack To plug or unplug any cables turn the power supply and the PC off User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 20 55 8 How to operate the system Before you turn on the system m
8. Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 53 55 16 Troubleshooting In case you should experience problems with your PILATUS 100K detector system the following overview should help you to find a solution Note that the first image after powering up may be corrupted Error Possible Cause Solution The ammeter shows e Detector not e Hun the more than 3A properly commands initialized calibdet and rbd e High flux on the e No action sensor When taking the first e Detector not e Run the image the image looks properly commands strange initialized calibdet and rbd User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 54 55 17 Appendix 17 1 Table of figures Figure 1 Drawing of the PILATUS 100K detector 9 Figure 2 PILATUS 100K detector with aluminum cover in place left and i e EEE 9 Figure 3 PILATUS 100K detector viewed from the back 10 Figure 4 Overview of the PILATUS 100K detector system setup 13 Figure 5 Principle of direct detection Contrary to what is illustrated x rays normally impinge on the lower Surface rarannnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnennnennnnnrnnennnennnne 14 Figure 6 Diagram of a bump bonded hybrid chip esses 14 Figure 7 A module the fundamental unit of every DECTRIS detector 15 Figure 8 Normal operation with TVX and Camserver on one computer 16 Figure 9 Operation with TVX and C
9. V1 0O doc 13 55 vVECTAIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors Figure 5 Principle of direct detection Contrary to what is illustrated x rays normally impinge on the lower surface A DECTRIS hybrid pixel detector is composed of a silicon sensor which is a two dimensional array of pn diodes processed in high resistivity silicon connected to an array of readout channels designed with advanced CMOS technology Figure 6 Each readout channel is connected to its corresponding detecting element through a microscopic indium ball with a typical diameter of 18 um This connection process is called oump bonding Indium bump bonds Figure 6 Diagram of a bump bonded hybrid chip The great advantage of this approach is that standard technologies are used for both the silicon sensor and the CMOS readout chips which guarantees highest quality Both processes are optimized separately as the best silicon substrates for X ray detection and for high speed high quality electronics are very different Moreover the small size of the pixel and of the interconnection results in a very low capacitance which has the beneficial effect of reducing the noise and power consumption of the pixel readout electronics X ray data collection can be improved with detectors operating in single photon counting mode A hybrid pixel which features single photon counting User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 14 55 comprises a preamplifier which amplifi
10. a current of about 2 8 A With any over current condition immediately shut the detector down and restart it Opening the detector or the power supply housing will void the warranty 12 55 6 System Description 6 1 Overview The PILATUS 100K detector system consists of the following components e 100K detector e Analysis PC with SuSE Linux and the data acquisition and data analysis tool TVX e Power supply e Connecting cables LI Data i f AE Detector PILATUS 100K Power supply Figure 4 Overview of the PILATUS 100K detector system setup 6 2 Principle DEGTRIS X ray detector systems operate in single photon counting mode and are based on the newly developed hybrid pixel technology The main difference with respect to existing detectors is that the x rays are directly transformed into electric charge Figure 5 and processed in the CMOS readout chips This new design has no dark current or readout noise a high dynamic range of 1 000 000 20 bits a read out time of less than 3 ms a framing rate of over 200 images s and an excellent point spread function 1 pixwl The quantum efficiency of the 0 32 mm thick silicon sensor is optimal for experiments in the energy range from 3 12 keV however the detectors can be used for energies of up to 30keV or more The counting rate is more than 2x10 s pixel enough to perform many experiments using the high flux of modern synchrotron light sources User Manual Pilatus100K
11. after the definitions User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 34 55 11 How to use Camserver Camserver is a completely freestanding program that controls the detector and provides a simple user interface for atomic single function commands It is intended to provide a spartan but fully functional low level interface to camera hardware To get help on the Camserver commands use the help facility of TVX All commands in camserver unlike TVX can be abbreviated to the minimum number of letters that make the command unambiguous below we use only the full names for clarity As in TVX commands are case insensitive but pathnames are case sensitive 11 1Main commands menu Shows all commands Set the exposure time 10 to 10 sec exposure filename Make an exposure with the exposure time predefined with the command exptime The format of the file is determined from the supplied extension see above The file is stored relative to the path defined by the imgpath unless an absolute path is given exttrigger fname otart exposure with above define parameters after receiving an external trigger and store images fname see section 14 extenable fname Start exposure defined by external exposure and store images in fname see section 14 help Type this in the TVX window for a discussion of how exposurenaming exposure series are named mene Re initialize the DCB User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc
12. the experimenters to do their analysis wherever and whenever it is most convenient from them be it at the beam line while the data are being taken or back at their home institution or corporation TVX compiles and operates both on Linux and Mac OS X systems Camserver except the demo version requires specific camera hardware for operation Command Line Interface Graphical Interface Data on Local File System se eee eee eee eee TVX Data Acquisition and Analysis Package Camera Server Client i Camera Server Figure 11 TVX control and analysis layout schematic 6 3 2 Overview of Camserver Camserver is a completely freestanding program that controls the detector and provides a simple user interface for atomic single function commands It is intended to provide a spartan but fully functional low level interface to camera hardware On startup Camserver takes a single command line argument the path to its resource file Camserver will also use the same path to open its debugging file camdbg out if that option is enabled A major function is to accept socket connections from a high level controller e g TVX which can provide high level services to this or other cameras User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 17 55 The interface is a simple text based message passing system Images the ultimate product of a working area x ray detector do not pass thru the interface but are written to a configurable locati
13. you are trimming This directory name is assumed to exist in your images directory where all data from the manufactury calibration has been saved In case there is no such directory then you will need to supply the full path to the module s quick test directory quicktestdir mxxx ddmmyy quick The system will now run through the Vcmp scan The next prompt will occur in about 5 minutes You are now asked to enter a value of Vcmp comparator voltage such that all pixels are counting 10096 of the incoming X rays The appropriate level of Vcmp can be determined from the mean vs vcmp graph Figure 20 Set vc to a level well above the inflection point of the S curve e g Vcmp 0 6 User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 41 55 homedet p Imodrimages manualpicturessmean vi vcmp dat 0 0 1 0 2 Ds 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 9 Figure 20 Result of the Vcmp scan The system will now run through a Vtrm voltage scan All 6 trimbits are set to 63 and Vtrm is varied The next prompt will occur in about 5 minutes You are now asked to enter a value of Vtrm such that all pixels are counting 0 of incoming X rays The appropriate level of Vtrm can be determined from the mean vs vtrm graph Figure 21 Set Vtrm to a level well below the inflection point of the S curve e g vt 1 4 User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 42 55 VECTrIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors rhome det pz Imodrimages manualpicturessmean vi vtrm dat il
14. 00K V1_0 doc 37 55 12 2Adjusting the threshold level To avoid fluorescence radiation the threshold of the detector can be adjusted This adjustment is done in the TVX window Values for setvcmp between 0 0 8 rhome det pz lmad imaages manualpictures mean vi vcmp dat 0 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 Figure 17 Value of Vcomp x and mean number of counts per pixel y Zero sets threshold level very high and no x rays are registered 0 8 sets threshold level very low and all x rays and some noise are counted User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 38 55 12 3Adjusting the analog amplifier The frequency response and consequently the count rate of the analog amplifier can be adjusted Values for setvrf between 0 15 and 0 3 Vrf 0 15 V offset 1 061 0 092 V slope 0 110 0 015 V Vrf 0 2 V offset 1 075 0 076 V slope 0 089 0 011 V Vrf 0 3 V offset 1 164 0 109 V slope 0 067 0 010 V e sesso osssossessossesfesossossoscossssssssscsenossseseo osDpesssesessessoscosdiesossosssejosssssonssesesscosossssassosssen Qeessne qossossosssssosssssssoasa Quo sss esas sesssssassssa ssa sa sssssosssssssosssensssessssssssesoeso nosososcossessosasssessossoscasso eosoosoenosssosesssassesssesessco do VcmpzVcca average threshold V 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 X ray Energy keV Figure 18 Calibration curve for different amplifier settings Vrf User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 39
15. 32 bit TIFF files ESRF data format Crystallographic binary format img raw data format 10 3 Analysis commands TVX offers a large variety of image analyzing and processing commands The most important commands are described in this document All created data are stored in the graphs directory move fn1 fn2 The basic image manipulation command In the simple form shown this copies an image to a new name or directory However fn2 can be any arithmetic expression of images and constants Integrate integrate the pixels selected by the current selection tool box butterfly includes straight line case or spot annulus tool and show the resulting graph Usage integrate IM graph name For the butterfly the graph name can be given as the second parameter in this case the image name must be specified In other cases the default image is used if no image is specified histogram o hi int Histogram the pixels selected by the box tool on the image Alternatively specify the image and region of interest on the command line Usage histogram IM lo hi int x1 y1 x2 y2 User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 32 55 graph name where lo is the first value to use hi is the last value and int is the interval If IM is not specified the default IM is used x1 y1 x2 y2 are the coordinates of the box to be histogrammed If no graph name is specified the histogram is placed in file hist n dat in the default gra
16. 55 13 Calibrating the detector 13 1Principle The calibration of the PILATUS 100K is necessary because every pixel has a different characteristic sensitivity and count rate due to voltage drops and nonlinearities in the analog amplifiers To correct this irregularity every pixel can be adjusted with 6 trimbits 6 bit DACs which allow 2 64 different values In addition the magnitude of the influence of these trimbits can be adjusted by the voltage Vtrm PILATUS II Pixel Cell 6Bit Latch bd Global LN ulse Y Tresh Comp 2 d Shaper EN 070 20 bit N Bump ee V Gen Counter A iy CS Ss D Amp AE ca UNE I 1 6fF Rowsel J3 amp gt Pixsel Pixsel CAL AOUT ENA DCLK DIN Colsel DOUT Figure 19 Block diagramm of the CMOS read out chip The detector is calibrated as follows Irradiate the detector with a uniform field of x ray s in a energy range between 8 18 keV Comparator Vcmp scan Set all trimbits and Vtrm to zero and increase Vcmp from 0 to 0 8 recall that 0 8 corresponds to a low energy threshold 0 to a high threshold The result is a Vcmp calibration curve Set Vcmp to the value where the detector starts to count Vtrm scan Set all trimbits to high and increase Vtrm until all pixels are counting less than half of the value at trim 0 generally almost all pixels will be off at this point Keep this value
17. WEC I rii Next Generation X Ray Detectors USER MANUAL PILATUS 100K Detector System Version 1 0 Table of Contents 1 DOCUMENT MSN sievvsesccisiviewvesavievevesinersnnssveaveswieneestetnesseestervaeteaatssaedaans 4 4 2 HOW tO use this manual arernnrnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnennnrnnnnennnennnennnennnnnnnnennnennnne 5 21 3AGdReSS and SUDDO NM 5 2 2 Explanation of SYMDOIS ccccccceeccseeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeseeeseeeseeeeseeeesaees 5 2 3 Explanation of terms EE 6 SE e dal 66 VES 01218 He 10 EE ERE 7 TONN 7 3 2 Normal operation cccccccseccceeceeeeeneeeceeceeeeseeeseeeseeeseeesueeaeeeseeesags 7 NNN 7 3 4 Ambient conditions rrrnnrnanenannnnnrnnrvnnrvaneranrnarnnarnnennnnnnennennnennannnen 8 3 5 Mounting the detector SYStOM ccccccseecceeeeceeeeceeeceeesceeeeneeesaaees 8 3 6 Front side of the AetectOr cccccccccseecceeeeceeecceeeeceeeecseeseeeessesesseees 9 3 7 Backside of the detector rrarrrnnnnrnnnnrrnnnevnnnrrnnrevnnrernnrrnnnnennnnennnnen 10 A Geftilicatlontests rr ele eN Ve enke kv ude 11 EEE Ag 0 EET ET 12 oO System Descriptio Luna kk ek REE AE Uis eee 13 SE VE EE 13 DER Principle REESE ENE 13 JOE VE gt EE NS NN 15 6 3 1 Overview of TVX rrrrarennrrnnnnenanennnrnnanenanennnnnnanenanennnnnnanennsennnne 16 6 3 2 Overview of Camserver r rrrnrarrrnnnnnennannennnnrennansennnnrrnnnnennnnnenn 17 6 4 Integration into other SyStems rrrr
18. able will be displayed With the two left sliders the cut off for the low and high values can be set Values outside this range are displayed with the same color The third slider defines the contrast factor The sliders can be moved with the mouse or by putting the mouse on the slider and adjust the value with the left and right cursor buttons They can also be set from the command line using the disp command zoom magnification can be chosen and the enlarged area is shown in a new window The zoom outline in the main window can be positioned by clicking or dragging with the mouse with the right button depressed Selection tools pointer normal pointer annulus Allows analysis of circular areas The sizes of the circles can be adjusted with the mouse or directly by the setting the values in the image window Allows analysis of rectangular areas Move the box with the right mouse button pushed or put the center of the box with the left mouse button The size of the box can be adjusted with the mouse or directly by setting the values in the image window butterfly Allows analysis of special shaped areas The shape of the area can be adjusted with the mouse or directly by the setting the values in the image window The circle is only for alignment purposes Resolution circles for crystallographic patterns Calculates the resolution of the image The correct parameters for the detector should be set in the detector setup fi
19. ake sure you have read this manual and connected the detector accordingly 8 1 Login to the computer Turn on the PC Log in procedure User PW Root PW 8 2 Connect to a network The IP address of the detector is identical to the IP address of the PC where Camserver is running on In case TVX and Camserver are running on different machines the IP address and hostname should be adjusted in the following files home det p2 1mod tvxrc etc hosts 8 3 Start e urn the the power supply on e he ammeter for the 5V supply voltage on the power supply should show about 2 A otart a shell The default path is home det Change the directory to p2 1mod Type runtvx Runtvx starts a script file which initializes the detector system and opens the Camserver and TVX windows User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 21 55 CL Shell Konsole lt questi gt pud hone det questi gt Is Desktop gstar mbox p imod sys work guesti cd p imod questi pz Imod gt pud home det p imod questi p2_imod gt ls camdbg out config debug out graphs notes chb txt runtux tuxonly camre correct docs images programs setup tuxrc guesti p2 imod gt runtuxl Figure 12 Shell showing the active path and the runtvx command User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 22 55 guesti p2 imod gt Is camdbg out config debug out graphs notes_chb txt runtux images programs setup camre correct docs gues
20. amserver on separate computers 16 Figure 10 TVX communication scheme ararnnnnnnnennnrnnnnnvanevnnrnnnnevanennnrnnnnennn 17 Figure 11 TVX control and analysis layout schematic 17 Figure 12 Shell showing the active path and the runtvx command 22 Figure 13 Screen after runtvx has initialized the detector and opened the Camserver and TVX WINGOW ccccscccecseceeceeeeeseeeesseecesseeeesseeeessaeeesseseesaeess 23 Figure 14 Relevant directories and folders seeeeseeesssusss 24 Figure 15 The menu of TVX ccccceecccseeeceseeceeeeceeeeceueeceueecueesueesseeesaaees 25 Figure 16 Example of a the butterfly selection tool 31 Figure 19 Value of Vcomp x and mean number of counts per pixel y 38 Figure 20 Calibration curve for different amplifier settings Vrf 39 Figure 21 Block diagramm of the CMOS read out chip 40 Fe Result OF Ine NS 42 Figure 23 Result of the Vtrm SCAN ccccceccceecceeeeseeeseeeeeeeeseeeseueeaeeeseeeeaes 43 Figure 24 Oscilloscope trace of an external trigger See text 49 Figure 25 Delay and jitter esee 50 Figure 26 Oscilloscope image of an external enable 51 Figure 27 Oscilloscope trace of the typical delay between enab
21. ctory newmod mxxx trim 06mmddad The trim files will be loaded and a comparison between loaded trims and assigned trims is made If everything has worked correctly you should see exactly 100 counts per pixel trimchip N Set all trimbits to N Shows the command used to set the DACs 13 4Mask files Setting a mask image is useful when you are looking at the statistics of images from the detector Pixels in the detector that are either dead too noisy or behave in a non desirable manner can be masked out After a pixel has been masked it will no longer be considered when using statistical routines to analyse your image so that your results will not be distorted by pixels behaving incorrectly mask file is an image file that uses only two distinct values for each pixel Every pixel that is to be masked out is given a value of 0 every other pixel is given a value of 1 You can create a mask file from another image by using the command mkmask Command Description Make a mask from an image between two limits inclusively Usage mkmask IM IMout low high The result is a mask of 1 s and O s which can be used to select pixels of an image by multiplication If no image is supplied the default is used Note that a float input object returns a 32 bit integer mask User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 44 55 Because the generated file is a normal image you can use any of the image manipulation tools supplied in TVX to al
22. d mostly given by the rise time of the enable provided to the detector This can be seen in the oscilliscope image below 12 Oct Gb 19429219 l ps EE ak si i ean iip rs AER Ete HR ral ae a le a rea 1 a ald ANN Mine NE I E 2 T 7851 sweeps Gu high sigma periodi width rise Falld delay 2 User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 51 55 14 4Multiple Exposure mode It is possible to take multiple exposures in one image by setting the number of exposures with the variable nexpf The default value is 1 all exposure modes use this variable If nexpf 2 is set then the detector will take exposures in the same way as described for external trigger and external enable but will additively bundle 2 exposures in each readout If niis defined to be 3 and nexpf is defined to be 4 then the detector will take 12 exposures and generate 3 images The advantage of this mode comes when you want to record a small number of x rays at a repetitive fast rate e g at the Fempto project at the SLS This also eliminate the need to wait 3 ms between exposures however at least 3ms is needed for the image readout after nexpf eposures BUM O NORMAL Figure 26 Osciloscope image of the multiple exposure mode User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 52 55 15 Maintenance The PILATUS 100K detector system is completely maintenance free Clean the detector with a soft tissue Do not touch the front window of the detector User
23. e read this manual thoroughly This user manual has been especially designed for the DECTRIS PILATUS 100K detector system 2 1 Address and support DECTRIS Ltd 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Phone 41 56 310 54 52 Fax 41 56 310 54 54 Email support dectris com Should you have questions concerning the system or its use please contact US via phone mail or fax 2 2 Explanation of symbols Symbol P Important or helpful notice Caution Please follow the instruction carefully to prevent equipment damage or personal injury P r User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 5 55 2 3 Explanation of terms Module control board Detector control board Digital to Analog Converter User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 6 55 3 Technical specifications 3 1 Technical data 3 2 Normal operation The PILATUS 100K detector system has been designed for the detection of X rays from synchrotrons or laboratory sources For other applications please contact DECTRIS for additional information 3 3 Input voltages Power supply Input range specified on the back of the power supply Connecting to the wrong supply voltage will destroy the power supply and could damage the detector PC The PC runs on 100V 240 VAC 50 60Hz and can be connected to all common supply voltages Detector External Trigger 3 3 V TTL 5 0 V absolute maximum Input the input Detector 3 3 V TTL Enable output Applying a high
24. ector 3 times before reading out an image of the 3 combined exposures User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 48 55 14 2External Trigger mode External trigger mode is started with the command extt imagename tif where imagename tif is the name of the images you wish to be taken The image name will be imagename 00001 tif If ni is more than 1 the image number will be incremented for each image in the series Ni Expt Expp delay The settings that are necessary for external triggering are After receiving a trigger on the positive edge the module will wait a period of time defined by delay take an exposure of length expt readout the image and after a period defined by expp will repeat the cycle for ni images The image number is only incremented during the trigger mode if you reissue the command extt imagename tif the system will start writing images from imagename 00001 tif and overwrite your existing data NORMAL Figure 22 Oscilloscope trace of an external trigger See text The upper trace is the exposure signal the lower trace is from the pulse generator being used as a trigger For this external trigger ni is 3 the delay is 0 005 s expt is 0 016 s and expp is 0 06 s Only the first positive edge of the trigger is used User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 49 55 Because the external trigger relies upon the module s internal clock signal to start the ti
25. er voltage will destroy User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 7 55 3 4 Ambient conditions The PILATUS 100K detector is designed only for indoor use according the following ambient conditions Operating temperature 20 to 35 C Operating humidity lt 0 at 20 C Storage temperature 15 to 40 C Storage humidity lt 75 at 20 C lf the detector system is stored in low temperature make sure that no condensation moisture develops 3 5 Mounting the detector system The power supply and PC are can be mounted in a standard 19 inch rack which should be properly grounded Make sure that the power supply and the PC have adequate ventilation The detector can be mounted in any position using the holes in the ground plate Make sure the detector has enough space for a proper ventilation The ventilator on the top of the detector and the ventilation holes on the side of the detector should not be covered Do not use in vacuum N Although the detector might be grounded via the mounting bolts the detector must be grounded via the ground connector on the back to establish a defined grounding User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 8 55 BOTTOM VIEW TOP VIEW SIH LD3G SIDE VIEW DECTRIS OOOOO 3 30040 8 3204 REV 1 05 12 06 H Rickert DIMENSIONS MM Figure 1 Drawing of the PILATUS 100K detector 3 6 Front side of the detector The detector comes with a protective aluminum cover for
26. es is 1 4 1 5 1 6 IL Figure 21 Result of the Vtrm scan The system will now run through a trim bit scan and vary all 64 possibilities of the trimbits The next prompt will occur in a few hours depending on flux of the X ray source Trimming of the module at the current X ray energy Is now complete You are asked if you would like to load the trim settings you have just taken for this module Set the variable flag to equal 1 to do this and the load trim glossary will be started flag 1 A faster way to generate trim files is to use the following lookup table for the recommended values for Vtrim and Vcmp 8 136 Table 1 Recommended Values for Vcmp and Vtrim for standard settings and energies between 6 and 12 keV These values can be used together with the glossary trimscan only gl where you directly enter Vtrim and Vcmp for the targeted energy User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 43 55 13 3Loading trim files After creating the trim files for a module and a specific x ray energy you are able to load them at anytime This can be done either after the trim scan glossary has finished or by executing the following command in theT VX window get p2 trim load gl You will be prompted to enter the directory name in which the module s trim files have been saved This directory name is assumed to exist in your images directory if this is incorrect you will need to supply the full path to the module s trim file dire
27. es the charge generated in the sensor by the incoming X ray and a discriminator which produces a digital signal if the incoming charge exceeds a pre defined threshold The discriminator feeds a 20 bit counter which then leads to completely digital storage and noiseless readout of the number of detected X rays in each pixel Figure 7 A module the fundamental unit of every DECTRIS detector The fundamental unit of the DECTRIS detectors consists of a single fully depleted monolithic silicon sensor with an 8 x 2 array of CMOS readout chips bump bonded to it Each sensor is a continuous array of 487 x 197 94965 pixels without dead areas and covers an active area of 83 8 x 33 5 mm The readout chips are wire bonded to the mounting bracket with its readout control electronics and forms the complete module Figure 7 6 3 Software The operating software for the PILATUS 100K consists of two software componenis e TVX Data acquisition control and data analysis software e Camserver Operating software for the detector Those two software packages are normally installed on one PC and communicate with each other through an internal socket connection User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 15 55 Pilatus 100K Figure 8 Normal operation with TVX and Camserver on one computer But it is also possible to operate the detector without TVX and access Camserver directly via a socket connection from another PG
28. he operation and makes sure that the detector is allways used trimmed In cases where fluorescence radiation from a sample should be suppressed it is to use this glossary The threshold should be set about 0 5 keV above the K line of the emitted X rays User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 45 55 13 6Creating a flat field correction image Intensity correction images are created with the glossary p2 intc gen gl Start this glossary in TVX by issuing the command get p2 intc gen gl Follow the instruction in the TVX window You will be asked to supply a module number this will create a directory under your images directory with the name you supply ensure that this is a new directory You will then be asked for the quick test directory of the module you are using This is used to obtain the appropriate DAG settings Next you will be asked to ensure that the X ray source Is off after doing so continue with the glossary A rbd image will be taken followed by a calibdet image if these images are correct continue You are now asked if you would like to load the trim files start the load trim files procedure set flag 1 and continue Now enter the trim file directory you wish to trim the module with this procedure is described in 13 3 Loading trim files After the trim loading section has completed you will be given an opportunity to change the DAG settings if necessary The X ray testing section will now begin and you will be a
29. image that will be created and image is the image that is to be corrected User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 47 55 14 External Triggering External triggering can be seperated into two different modes these modes are External Trigger and External Enable External Trigger triggers a predefined series of commands after the detector receives a positive edge whereas External Enable gates the detectors images on the positive signal coming to the detector All theses commands apply to Camserver 14 1Command list ni Number of images oets the number of images to be taken after the trigger e g ni 2 for two images Exposure time Sets the exposure time for each image e g expt 1 for a one second exposure Exposure period oets the period of time allocated to take an exposure and readout the image e g expp 2 for a one second period therefore readout time is expp expt the minimum readout time is 3ms Sets the time to wait after the trigger to take the first image e g delay 1 a one second delay between the trigger and first image Extt image name External trigger otarts the external trigger mode and waits for the trigger Exte image name External enable otarts the external enable mode and waits for the trigger nexpf Number of exposures per frame This is a so called multi exposure mode nexpf sets the number of exposures before the detector is read out e g nexpf 3 exposes the det
30. le or from the command line Display mode ooo greys color lookup table with gray scale spectral color lookup table with a spectral distribution blue and resolution black near zero red fading to pink and white at the high end O gt x lt User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 29 55 thermal color lookup table going from blue through yellow and red but no greens decades The values between Min and Max are displayed linearly but with the scale wrapping around Scal number of time Thus Scal 1 is linear Scal 5 covers the range Min to Max with 5 linear segments going from 0 to 255 0 to 255 etc This gives lots of artifical contrast that is good for smoothly varying SAXS data but is otherwise rather non intuitive power The image is displayed between Min and Max using the transfer funcion grays value min max min Scal 15 grays is usually 256 Thus a small value of Scal 3 gives a very steep transfer function at low values and very little contrast at high values Scal 15 is a linear transfer function Scal gt 15 is nearly useless reverse The values are reversed x rays in the image become black rather than white Useful for crystallographic images Several test images and graphs are included in the system Try the following imagepath examples disp testimg tif disp gray20bit tif grafpath examples grafdemo More examples are in nome det p2_1mod programs tv
31. le signal and IA TO qe 91 Figure 28 Osciloscope image of the multiple exposure mode 52 User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 55 55
32. lves are untouched Images are stored in the TVX memory up to the limit specified in tvxrc which can consume significant resources use this command to free up memory In addition one can create with identical names in various directories To avoid the necessity of always specifying full path names use this command to clear the TVX memory User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 33 55 deleteobj filename Deletes the specified object from the TVX memory commands such as box and histogram See below 10 4 User defined commands TVX supports comlex C like commands in the command line gH Example To display a series of images as a movie format 2 for i 0 i lt 100 i disp1 image 000fil wait 0 5 Displays image 00000 to image 00099 and waits 0 5 seconds between each picture The brackets mean to substitute the enclosed argument as text with the number of digits specified by the format With define one can create custom commands for the current session and eventually save them for reuse Example define test1 format 2 for i 0 i lt 100 i disp1 image 000 i wait 0 5 define name string Define a name value or command which can be used in define name value the current session They are not saved when tvx closes ouch files are called glossaries Glossaries my also have executable commands edited in following all the definitions these are preserved when the file is overwritten commands appended
33. mage is black type setdac then repeat the command In case this tests fails turn the power supply of close the TVX and Camserver windows and start up again Use this command always after a startup Image Path Without the input of a path it displays the current default path With a declaration it changes the default path for images The imagepath command also sets the autoname to the new path Graphs path Display or change the default path for graphs The keyword grafpath can be used in expressions as grafpath Make an exposure If filename is not given TVX uses the next automatic filename The files created are saved in the folder specified in imagepath expose 1 makes an image with an exposure time of 1 Sec shortest exposure time 10 us 0 00001 Shows the exposed image immediately on completion continuous camera mode without saving images Takes images until any key is pressed The last image is stored in temp tif disp filename Display an image Opens up to 3 windows for successive invocations Displays an image using only one window Useful in loops User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 26 55 VECTrIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors graf fn1 fn2 fn3 Graph up to 3 graphs in a window show variable or Shows the content of a variable or a string show string define DEFINE name instruction1 instruction2 Defines user symbol name and value E g define tpict zpict move imt im3 defines s
34. ming of the exposure there is a delay and jitter between the trigger signal and the start of the first exposure The maximum jitter is 15 ns with an average delay of 177 ns 46787 sweeps average period width 2 rise 2 Fall 2 delay 2 WJ Ow D DQ c3 3 5 mv z DC 0 94 V E NORMAL Figure 23 Delay and jitter 14 3External Enable mode External enable mode is started with the command exte imagename tif where imagename tif is the name of the images you wish to be taken The image name will be imagename 00001 tif If ni is more than 1 the image number will be incremented for each image in the series After issuing the exte imagename tif command the detector will monitor and take a number of images defined by ni gated on the level of the trigger pulse Variables delay expt expp etc are not used in external enable The image number is only incremented during the exposure series if you reissue the command extt imagename tif it will start writing images from imagename 00001 tif and overwrite your existing data User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 50 55 20 ms 1 00 V 1 20 ms 1 00 V O NORMAL Figure 24 Oscilloscope image of an external enable For this external enable ni is set to 3 Because external enable gates the counter directly it does not rely upon the detector s internal clock This means that the delay between the enable and start of exposure is negligible an
35. nrrranenrnnernanennnnennnn 38 12 3 Adjusting the analog amplifier arrrrarrnranrnrnnrnranrnranenranenvnnennnnennnn 39 13 Calibrating the detector rrranrrrrnnnrrrnnnevrnnnerrannennnnnennnnsennnnsnnnnsennnnnee 40 Tot 0 X 40 LE EE C Ur EE 41 133 Loading THM THES svamp eee 44 MENN 44 13 5 Setting a trimmed threshold rrrranrrrranrnorrnnnevnnnrernnnnrnnnnrnnnnnennnnner 45 13 6 Creating a flat field correction image rrranrnnnnrrrnnrnranrrrnnrnrnnennnnennnn 46 13 7 Using the flat field correction IMAQE cccecceceeeeceeeeseeeseeeseeeenees 47 14 External Triggering cccccecccsccceeccceecceeeceeeseeeecaeesseeseueeeseesseeseeeseenens 48 ET GN NUR REESE PEER eee 48 14 2 B NN NENNE 49 14 3 External Enable mode arrrnnnannannnnnnrnnannnnnnrnnanennanennanennanennaennnsennnn 50 14 4 Multiple Exposure mode cccceeccceeeeceeeecseeceueeceeeeceeecseeesseeenees 52 15 Maintenance esssssseesseeeeeee nennen nnne nnne nnne nnne nnne rasis ases naar ana ann 53 16 OE VO 54 17 PADIS NGI SEERE RE 55 17 1 Table of figures 55 VECTrIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors 1 Document History Actual document 19 02 2007 Released PS 1 1 Changes Version Date Changes User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 4 55 VECTrIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors 2 How to use this manual Before you start to operate the PILATUS 100K detector system pleas
36. oltage to integer OxfB 0 B00V ket vcmpS 0 6000 Setting BO1_MO1_VCMP9 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 500V iltet vcmp1 0 6000 Setting BO1_MO1_VCMP10 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 6004 Set vcmpli 0 6000 Setting BOL MOL VCMP11 voltage to integer OxfB 0 B500V Set vcmp12 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL VCHP12 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V Set vonpl3 0 6000 Setting BOL MOL VCHP13 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V Set vcmpi4 0 5000 Setting BOL MOL VCHP14 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 600V Set vcmpl5 0 6000 c oe BO1 M 1 VCHP15 voltage to integer Oxf6 0 500V sk define 1 setdac set vtrm 1 8 set vadj 1 15B set vcca 0 5 set vrfs 0 7 set D vrf 0 2 set veal 0 3 set vdel 0 8 setvcmp 0 6 define 1 setvcmp scan viformat 1 for ch 0rch lt 16sch set vemp ch v JH Figure 13 Screen after runtvx has initialized the detector and opened the Camserver and TVX window The ammeter on the power supply should now show approximately 2 8A Should the ammeter show more than 3 A type the command setdac in the TVX window Should the current remain still high turn off the power supply immediately Check the cabling and start again User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 23 55 9 Description of the directories In the default setup all data for the use of the PILATUS 100K detector system is in the directory home det p2 1mod p2_imod Konqueror gt Location Edit View Go Bookmarks T
37. on e g an nfs mount where either program can access them Because of the socket connection protocol the camera hardware and server can reside on a different machine from the high level controller Camserver implements a token mechanism controlling Process to prevent more than one outside process from having control over the hardware The Camserver window has full control at all times Commands in Camserver that are also present in the TVX main window must have different names to prevent collisions between the enum s in camclient c and in tvx c We distinguish them by upper casing the last letter e g Run in tvx c RuN in Camserver c and re lower the case of the last letter in menu print to make it look better Usually you don t have to work in the Camserver window The whole exposure and analyzing process is controlled mainly from the TVX window or via an interface from the beam line control software 6 4 Integration into other systems The Camserver program of the PILATUS 100K detector provides a simple to use interface for either EPICS or SPEG Several clients for these protocols have been written at the Swiss Light Source SLS of the Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Further information can be provided on request User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 18 55 7 Getting started 7 1 Mounting the detector The detector can be mounted in any position The detector has 6 holes with M5 threads in the baseplate for a stable mount A
38. ools Settings Window Help p 22000 e ASHE E gt Location E3 home det p2 1mod f Home Folder Desktop I config Ww 9 gstar amp corect c amp iggsys work EDES images amp programs camdbg out camre debug out notes chbtxt m runtvx jm setup a tvxonly tvxrc Home Folder i 4 5 f 14 Items 8 Files 15 5 KB Total 6 Folders Figure 14 Relevant directories and folders All images are stored by default in this directory The complete program code for TVX and Camserver User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 24 55 10 How to use TVX 10 1Main commands TVX is a powerful tool for data acquisition and analysis and has a complete description of all commands which can be accessed through the help command This section describes only the most commonly used commands in TVX All commands are case insensitive however filenames are case sensitive An object in TVX may be an image or a graph Many commands such as move will work on objects of either kind Objects may combined with standard arithmetic operators etc logical operators lt gt lt gt amp amp amp and special operators lt lt gt gt I lt lt etc in arbitrarily complicated expressions to perform sophisticated analyses and to construct custom scripts In case of doubt try it out
39. ph directory where n rotates through the values 0 5 This file can be then be moved to a permanent file by a command such as move myhist hist1 The histogram parameters are remembered so subsequent operations with the same parameters can be obtained by just typing histogram If the coordinates are specified on the command line the parameters must also be specified If the file name is specified either the image name must also be given or 3 or 7 numeric parameters must be specified In the integral mode the integral is written to hist n 1 dat if the name is specified it is appended with I for the integral See also histset box Print statistics from the current box selection tool on the image Alternatively specifiy image name and box coordinates on the command line Usage box IM x1 y1 x2 y2 If IM is not given the default IM is used x1 y1 x2 y2 are the coordinates of box to be examined If not given use the box selection tool on image If given the box selection tool is created or updated on the image if it is displayed If the box is set with the mouse box and integrate give the same result Several system variables are set counts total counts in box area mean minimum maximum stdev rms var variance xcen amp ycen centroid box_x1 box x2 box_y1 amp box_y2 corners of box number of decimal places n2 deleteallobjs Delete the TVX record of all objects the objects themse
40. rrrnrrrnrrrnnrnrnnevnnrnnnnrnanernrnnnnennn 18 TGN 19 7 1 Mounting the detector r rrrrnnrrnnnnrnnnnrnnnnrrnnnrnnnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnsen 19 L2 ET 10 hitfodebl seeundum ee 19 7 3 Connect the cables rrrrnrrrrrnnnrrrnnnerrnnnenrnnennannennnnsennansennnssnnnnssnnnnn 19 7 4 Connect the power supply rarrrrrannrnrannrnrnnnrnrnnrennnnrnnnnnsnrnanennnnsnnnnn 20 8 How to operate the system rrrrarannnnnrnnevnnrnnnrnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnennnennnnnnnnennsen 21 8 1 LOGIN to the computer sseesseeseeeeneennn nnns 21 9 2 Gonnect to a NEMO eroe rr poa Eee E od eee p eoe Epp crx eR ER ENKE 21 SOME c RU m 21 9 Description of the directories rarrrnrrrrnrrrnnrrnnrrranennrennnrnnnnennrennnnnnnnennsen 24 10 ONE OE VE quctaneccactendeasateadeeuatendececnendeanateneanectenn 25 10 1 Main commands eeesssssssesseeee nennen nnn nnn nnne nnns 25 Description of the image display sees 28 19 2 IMAGE TONS esirin rar 32 10 3 Analysis commands eessssssssssssseee eee 32 10 4 User defined commands eei coran o PE e Ere Edet 34 11 AMIENS 35 ME scoren EN ERNE ENES E NENS R NEKEEN UIDI HEDEN 35 VE NN FEE eee eee ee ee ee eee ee 36 12 Special procedures rrnrrnnnnrnnnnrnnnnennnnrnnnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnnennnsennnsen 37 12 1 Pee SONES earra Ee EEEE EE EEEE EEEE EENES 37 12 2 Adjusting the threshold level rrrarrrrarrrrarrrrnnrrra
41. sked to turn on your X ray source 1 second exposure will be taken and a mean count rate for the detector will be obtained You are given the opportunity to redefine the area being used to obtain the mean value Using this number an exposure time will be calculated to obtain a 10 000 X ray count image You are given the opportunity to change the exposure time if required After the data has been taken you will be shown a histogram and asked if you would like to change the cutoff levels that have been set These levels will be used to create a mask image Both a mask file and a flat field Correction image will be created and copied into the directory p2_1mod correct The final step will delete the working directory created under the images directory The longer the exposure time the better the statistics User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 46 55 13 7Using the flat field correction image To set the flat field correction image in TVX issue the command setint correction image By default the file is assumed to be in p2_1mod correct By explicitly stating the path and image you can specify an image in a different directory Issuing the command setint without any argument will list the currently used correction image if any BE The flat field correction image is not automatically applied to the images that you take To apply the correction to an image issue the command move new_image imagelimi Where new_image is the new
42. t1 p2 imod gt runtux p2_1mod programs tux camera camserver p2 imod programs tux p2 imod programs tux guest1 p2 imod gt runtux p2 imod programs tux camera camserver p2 imod programs tux p2 1imod programs tux tuxonly tuxrc TVX ver 7 2 August 2003 tk ae ICESVeP Son Pa OG Cais 1 Configured from home det p2 1mod tvxrc Connecting to camera host i p 127 0 0 1 port no 41234 Waiting 20 sec for camera to boot esc to quit Glossary updated 16 11 19 09 15 05 p 1mod config default gl SEI ChB 26 1 06 redefinition of exposem define 1 saved save default gl Readback Calpix Expose amp Co define 1 showimg imgonly imatdisp _ define 1 rbd cam imgmode ptselmod 1 cam fillpix bits waitzwait 0 5 showimg fldefine 1 calibdet cam imgmode ptselmod 1 cam calibratetwaittwait 0 5 showimg J classic expose define 1 expose scan tztcam imgmode xtcam nimages Otexpt tz texptwaitdimg guesti p2 1mod wait 0 1 displ define 1 exposem scan tztcam imgmode xtcam nimages Orexpt tz while i nokey lexp temptuaitdimgtwaittdispl temp tif define 1 exposem scan tztcam imgmode xtcam nimages Otexpt tz twhile nokey exp temptwait tz displ temp tif define 1 calpix scan x ytcam cpix x u _ define 1 calpix x scan x ytcam cpix x x u B define 1 bits 0x9d367 D D sdefine 1 bits Oxf267a
43. ter your mask image if you wish Maskimg Declare inquire about or turn off the current mask image Usage maskimg im or maskimg 0 If present the mask is used to blank out bad pixels in statistical routines such as box integrate spot amp histogram Zeros in the mask are excluded from the analysis non zeroes are included With no argument displays the current mask image name if any With numeric argument e g 0 turn off the mask image You can also check the current mask image by using the command maskimg with no arguments the path of the current mask image will be shown or a message saying Mask image is not set if there is no mask image being used pixlfill IM value Set pixels in M to value using the current box as a template This permits you to manually alter a mask image based on observations on a different image If the command deleteallobjs is used after you have loaded a mask image your maskimg will be reset of course the stored image IS untouched 13 5 Setting a trimmed threshold In order set the trimfiles for an arbitrary treshold between 6 and 12 keV the following method is used set of trimfiles for standard settings is used which are stored in the directories T5 9 18 land T9 9 For the target threhold T the closest available trim file is now loaded and vcmp is calculated to match the target threshold T This procedure is performed by using the glossary set threshold gl This simplifies t
44. the front window and the sensor that should be removed for operation The sensor is behind a 50 um thick aluminized mylar foil to protect it from dust and touch Do not touch the mylar foil Figure 2 PILATUS 100K detector with aluminum cover in place left and removed User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 9 55 A OUT AUX oo HV EXTIN ENOUT POWEH B Figure 3 PILATUS 100K detector viewed from the back EXT IN External Trigger Input TTL lemo connector C The input voltage should not exceed 5V EN OUT TTL output signal high when counting is enabled Ground Grounding of the detector LL Although the detector may be grounded via the mounting bolts the detector must be grounded via this connector to establish a defined grounding User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0 doc 10 55 4 Certification tests The following tests have been completed Test Type Type d essai Art der Prufung OO Emission Emission Storaussendung Interference voltage Radiated electromagnetic field EN 55022 1998 A1 A2 CISPR 22 Cl A B 2005 A1 EN 55022 1998 A1 A2 CISPR 22 2005 A1 Immunity Immunit St rfestigkeit EN 61326 Electrostatic discharges Electromagnetic fields Fast electric transients Burst Surges Radio frequency common mode Voltage dips and interruptions User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc EN 61000 4 2 1995 A1 A2 IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1 A2 EN 61000 4 3
45. x test images and nome det p2_1mod programs tvx test graphs User_Manual Pilatus100K V1_0 doc 30 55 This selection tool is useful for straight line integrations densitometer traces and for integrating small angle scattering patterns from either a line or a point X ray source Example Butterfly selection tool fepowder_00042 tif filemenu editmenu imagemenu ag helpmenu nd 1 mmi a fom dd xa E butterfly spectral I x 392 y 188 Intensity 12 Figure 16 Example of a the butterfly selection tool The size and position can be adjusted directly with the mouse or by typing the values directly into the boxes The circle is used as a positioning aid Use the keyword integrate in the tvx window to display the result User Manual Pilatus100K V1 O0 doc 31 55 VECTrIS Next Generation X Ray Detectors 10 2 Image formats Due to the high dynamic range of 20 bits 17000000 of the PILATUS detectors images are stored as 32 bit unsigned integers These images can be viewed and analyzed with TVX or other image viewers Many viewers do not support 32 bit TIFF files however they may be read in IDL or MATLAB The default image file type for TVX is set in tvxrc however any file type can be specified explicity Camserver has no default so the file type must be specified explicitly for each exposure TVX supports the following image formats Formats Description
46. ymbol tpict as a comination of zpict and the built in move instruction CapturelM filename Capture image to filename captures a displayed image and its zoom as a ppm portable pixmap file including coloration and contrast adjustments CaptureGR filename Capture graph to filename Captures a displayed graph and its zoom as a ppm portable pixmap file connect ip address Connect the socket connection from TVX to Camserver disconnect Disconnect the socket connection from TVX to Camserver For example so that a beamline operating system like EPICS can take control over the Camserver User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 2 55 Description of the image display After an exposure the image will be shown in a separate window the image window 3 sliders to fepowder 00042 til control the contrast and filemenu editmenu imagemenu F helpmenu the color pem low high T 3b 1 factor Coordinate E Ld LJ 0 0 i i Coordinate xl 2 box a spectral 487 0 Zoom factor Selection tool Coordinate 487 195 Color Te scheme iE x1 206 i1 82 k2 235 2 114 x 177 y 159 Intensitu 4 Numerical entries for the selection tool Actual position of the cursor and the intensitiy of the pixel User Manual Pilatus100K V1 0O doc 28 55 sliders Define the color and the contrast of the image For every value of a pixel a color from a lookup t
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