121. accident detection system using at89c51 microcontroller
Contents
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 Accident Detection System using AT89C51 Microcontroller K N Dongre R P Kamdi S K Tiwari S S Roy Y S Kale Assistant Professor Electronics amp Telecommunication Engg Dept Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engg Nagpur kru don gmail com 9665934468 Abstract The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives more easy The advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accident take place frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back According to this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal Microcontroller sends the alert message through the GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a rescue team So the police can immediately trace the location through the key for location after receiving the information Then after conforming the location necessary action will be taken If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone s life then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team This paper is useful in detecting the accident precisely by means of both vibration2. of the ports have internal pull ups When 1s are written to these port pins they are pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs These ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also be accessed individually Port PO and P2 are also used to provide low byte and high byte addresses respectively when connected to an external memory Port 3 has multiplexed pins for special functions like serial communication hardware interrupts timer inputs and read write operation from external memory AT89C51 has an inbuilt UART for serial communication It can be programmed to operate at different baud rates Including two timers amp hardware interrupts it has a total of six interrupts Pin Diagram P1 0 vcc P1 1 P0 0 ADO P1 2 P0 1 AD1 1 3 P0 2 AD2 P141 4 P0 3 AD3 P1 5 P0 4 AD4 P1 6 P0 5 AD5 P1 7 P0 6 AD6 RST P0 7 AD7 RXD P3 0 EA VPP TXD P3 1 ALE PROG INTO P3 2 PSEN INT1 P3 3 P2 7 A15 TO P3 4 P2 6 A14 T1 P3 5 P2 5 A13 WR P3 6 P2 4 A12 RD P3 7 P2 3 A11 XTAL2 P2 2 A10 XTAL1 P2 1 A9 GND P2 0 A8 AT89C51 Microcontroller Pin Diagram PinouT Pa 8 bit input output port P pins 1 2 3 4 3 7 93 0 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 Reset pin Active high Input receiver for serial communication Kan i Output transmitter for communica
3. paper provides a feasible solution to traffic hazards and it gives security to vehicle and reduces loss of valuable lives and property REFERENCES 1 Yao Jin The discussion of Road Traffic Safety Countermeasures System J Private Science and Technology 2010 933 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 2 Wang Wei Embedded Microcontroller MC9SO8AW60 Principles and Application M Beijing Beijing Aerospace University Press 2008 3 Zhu Yi Yang Shubo MMA series of acceleration sensor principles and application J Medical equipment 2008 4 TAYLORRK SCHROCKMD BLOOMFIELDJ Dynamic testing of GPS receivers J Transactions of the ASAE 2004 47 4 5 SIEMENS TC35i Hardware Interface Description M April 14 2003 6 Ma Chao Embedded GSM message interface hardware and software design J Microcontroller and Embedded Systems 2003 7 Wang Wei and Fan Hanbo Traffic accident automatic detection and remote alarm device IEEE proc ICEICEpp 910 913 April 2011 8 Raj Kamal EMBEDDED SYSTEMS achitecture programming and design Second Edition TATA McGraw Hill publishing Company Limited 2008 9 Steve Furber ARM SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE SECOND EDITION Pearson Education Limited 2000 10 GSM User Manual SIMCOM LTD August 2006 11 Arm User Manual Phillips August 2005 12 MEMS User Manual Freescale Semic
4. 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 It is necessary due to the many of applications of GSM systems and the wide usage of them by millions of people throughout the world This system is designed to detect the car accidents on road that provides real time information such as location of the driver in a concise and easy to read format to provide medical facility on occurrence of the accident GSM uses AT commands to send text messages AT commands are the instructions used to control a modem AT is the abbreviation for Attention Every command line starts with AT or at There are two types of AT commands 1 basic commands are AT commands that do not start with a For example D dial A answer H hook control and O return to online data state 2 Extended commands are AT commands that start with a All GSM AT commands are extended commands For example CMGS Send SMS Message CMGL List SMS Messages and CMGR Read SMS Messages Contents of Text sms are as follows 1 Accident has occurred 2 Longitude 18 38 6878 N 3 Latitude 73 45 3423 E A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle s place This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GSM technology This system built based on embedded system used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using keys for location and Global system for mobile com
5. C offers to solve any problem by changing the hardware configurations to offer the performance of dedicated circuits Reconfigurable computing enables mapping software into hardware with the ability to reconfigure its connections to reflect the software being run The ability to completely reprogram the computer s hardware implies that this new architecture provides immense scope for emulating different computer architectures 926 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 As the complexity of FPGA based designs grow a need for a more efficient and flexible design methodology is required One of the modern tools is Quartus II It is a compiler simulator analyzer and synthesizer with a great capability of verification and is chosen to be used for this implementation It consists of two main parts the Base Station BS and the Mobile Unit MU The BS consists of a PIC Microcontroller based hardware connected to the serial port of a computer The MU is a self contained PIC Microcontroller based hardware and a GPS module 3 PROPOSED METHOD In this proposed work a normal method of vehicle detection system used to track the vehicle by using keys and GSM technology If there is an accident the vibration sensor senses the vibration level and if it exceeds the threshold limit the system will consider that there is an occurrence of accident in that par
6. e of the LDR changes which is turn trigger an alarm CONCEPT LDR is enclosed in cylindrical case so it remains in dark and having a high resistance in normal condition When smoke enters in the case the LDR resistance decreases and hence desired output is obtained IC 555 555 IC is an integrated circuit which is used in a variety of timer application The 555 can be used to provide time delays 555 includes 25 transistor 2 diodes and 15 resistor on a silicon chip installed in an 8 pin mini dual in line package It uses an IR pair The transmitter circuit transmit the IR waves and in receiver section receive the IR signals with variations amp give suitable output to microcontroller IR photoreceiver is a two terminal PN junction device which operates in a reverse bias It has a small transparent window which allows light to strike the PN junction AT89C51 929 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 AT89C51 is an 8 bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel s 8051 family ATMEL 89C51 has 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory PEROM and 128 bytes of RAM It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000 times In 40 pin AT89C51 there are four ports designated as P1 P2 P3 and PO All these ports are 8 bit bi directional ports i e they can be used as both input and output ports Except PO which needs external pull ups rest
7. ident in that particular location MAX 232 Signal coming from microcontroller is between 0 to 5v but GSM requires signal in between 9 to 9v so the conversion in the amplitude is done by MAX 232 It is basically a level shifter POWER SUPPLY 5v power supply which is useful when experimenting with digital electronics small inexpensive wall transformer with variable output voltage features Brief description of operation Gives out well regulated 5V output output current capability of 100 mA Circuit protection Built in overheating protection shuts down output when regulator IC gets too hot Circuit complexity Very simple and easy to build Circuit performance Very stable 5V output voltage reliable operation Availability of components Easy to get uses only very common basic components Design testing Based on datasheet example circuit I have used this circuit succesfully as part of many electronics projects Applications Part of electronics devices small laboratory power supply Power supply voltage Unreglated DC 8 18V power supply Power supply current Needed output current 5 mA 928 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 Component costs Few dollars for the electronics components the input transformer cost Description This circuit is a small 5V power supply which is useful whe
8. ity of vehicle by tracking its position and sending it to owner or any people whenever it is requested by them And also GPS system ensures maximum accuracy in finding the vehicular position rangingwithin few feets Using the mobile phone attached in the system the position of the vehicle is sent as short message servicel SMS to the requested people The designed system is implemented on Altera UPIX demohoard There are two testing and verification procedures of this system Another paper referenced isl GPS based Vehicle Tracking System on Chipl Modern powerful reconfigurable systems are suited in the implementation of various data stream data parallel and other applications An application that needs real time fast and reliable data processing is the global positioning system GPS based vehicle tracking system VTS This system is designed using a system on chip SOC replacement of the current microcontroller based implementation The proposed SOC is built on a field programmable gate array FPGA promising a cheaper design a more cohesive architecture a faster processing time and an enhanced system interaction Reconfigurable systems enable extensive exploitation of computing resources The reconfiguration of resources in different parallel topologies allows for a good matching with the inherent intrinsic parallelism of an algorithm or a specific operation The introduction of a new paradigm in hardware design called Reconfigurable Computing R
9. munication GSM This design will continuously watch a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The papers published in IEEE journals regarding vehicle position tracking system and its implementation on Fp ga has helped to develop this project by analyzing the defects and using the effective ways from all resources available The concept of the reference papers and how it helped in designing this system is described in the following subsections This project is referenced to the paper Design of vehicle position tracking system using short message services and its implementation on fpgal done by Arias Tanti Hapsari Eniman Y Syamsudin and Imron Pramana In this reference paper author used _GPS module to receive the vehicular position and _short messaging service via mobile phone to receive user request and tosend the vehicle s position These components are controlled by a system which is designed using VHDL on Altera MAX plus I1 software and it is implemented on FPGA chip Altera UPIX demoboard Altera FLEX 1OKEPF In this way the author gets the position of the vehicle and send it to any user who gives the request for tracking The objective of this project is to achieve a design of such system that can give information of the vehicle position every time there s a request for it Safety and security is a major concern for all vehicle owners This vehicle tracking system ensures safety and secur
10. n experimenting with digital electronics Small inexpensive wall tranformers with variable output voltage are available from any electronics shop and supermarket Those transformers are easily available but usually their voltage regulation is very poor which makes then not very usable for digital circuit experimenter unless a better regulation can be achieved in some way The following circuit is the answer to the problem This circuit can give 5V output at about 150 mA current but it can be increased to 1 A when good cooling is added to 7805 regulator chip The circuit has over overload and terminal protection Pinout of the 7805 regulator IC 1 Unregulated voltage in 2 Ground 3 Regulated voltage out GSM MODEM GSM product provides full functional capability to serial devices to send sms The product is available as broad level or enclosed in metal box The product has sim card holder to which 5V Regulated power supply activated sim card is inserted for normal use it provides great feasibility for devices in remote location to stay connected which otherwise would not have been possible where telephone lines does not exist SMOKE DETECTOR Smoke detector is a circuit that used to detect any smoke in the particular range Smoke detector circuits uses an IC 555 that is a timer IC This circuit uses very simple approach to detecting smoke in the air It uses an LDR as a light detector As fire comes across the LDR range the resistanc
11. onductors 2009 13 GPS Beginner s Guide Garmin LTD 2008 934 www ijergs org
12. s org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 7 CONCLUSION With the advent of science and technology in every walk of life the importance of vehicle safety has increased and the main priority is being given to reduce the alarming time when an accident occur so that the wounded lives can be attended in lesser time by the rescue team This paper provides the design which has the advantages of low cost portability small size and easy expansibility The platform of the system is Vibration sensor keys for location GSM smoke sensor interfacing which shortens the alarm time to a large extent and locate the site of accident accurately This system can overcome the problems of lack of automated system for accident location detection Consequently the time for searching the location is reduced and the person can be treated as soon as possible which will save many lives The accident can be detected by both vibration sensor and smoke sensor which will give the accurate information The controller will process the data as soon as input is received by the controller message is sent through the GSM module The geographical coordinates of the accident is detected by the keys for location The accident location automatic detection will help us to provide security to the vehicles and to the lives of the people The high priority is given to the lives of the people Hence this
13. sensor and smoke sensor As there is a scope for improvement and as a future implementation we can add a wireless webcam for capturing the images which will help in providing driver s assistance Keywords Accident Automatic Detection GSM smoke sensor vibration sensor Wireless webcam MODEM 1 INTRODUCTION There is a drastic increase in the number of vehicles in these days which also cause a steep rise in the number of accidents with a lot of people losing their lives According to the World Health Organization an estimated 1 2 million people lose their lives every year due to car accidents India s road accident records 16 of the world s road accident deaths whereas India has only of the world s road vehicles It is due to the increase in the number of vehicles without a subsequent increase in the road facilities required for it In most of the accident cases the victims lose their lives because of the unavailability of medical facilities at the right time To solve problems like these this project came into existence This project is mainly used to track the position of the Vehicle by the owner with the help of GSM technology and location keys In case of any accident the system sends automated messages to the pre programmed numbers We can send messages to any number of mobiles The owner of the vehicle Police to clear the traffic Ambulance to save the people can be informed by this device This uses a location keys to know the exac
14. t position of the vehicle with an accuracy of a few feet GSM is used to receive SMS from the user and reply the position of the vehicle through a SMS A 8051 microcontroller is used to control and co ordinate all the parts used in this system When there is any accident the vibration sensor gives the signal to the microcontroller which sends the information to the LCD display through GSM network The automatic accident tracking system module uses an IR pair The transmitter circuit transmit the IR waves towards the target and in receiver section receiver receive the IR signals with variations and give suitable output to the microprocessor If there ia sn occurance of fire during accident the smoke detector will detect the smoke which in turn will activate the location keys to tract the position of the vehicle to give a suitable input to the microcontroller The microcontroller circuit processes the input and sends the appropriate output according to the programming done GSM Technology GSM Global System for Mobile Communications originally Group Sp cial Mobile is a standard developed the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI to describe protocols for second generation 2G digital cellular networks used by mobile phones The GSM Based System is one of the most important systems which integrate GSM technologies 925 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue
15. ticular location Then the system will activate the keys to gather the location detail and sends the location of the vehicle through GSM to the control station If any interruption occurs then the IR sensor senses the signals and SMS sends to the microcontroller The controller issues the message about the place of the vehicle to the car owner or authorized person The microcontroller then sends suitable output to the GSM via MAX2372 When the vehicle detects abrupt change in the g forces with the help of vibration sensor which set the flag bit of microcontroller 89c51RD2 as soon as accident is detected We set the effective sensitive value for vibration sensor in which accident or crash can be detected When microcontroller detects the accident or set bit through vibration sensor it further give the display in LCD that accident had occurred and indicate the accident through LED Simultaneously Microcontroller activates the GSM module 10 which have a manually saved phone number of police control room or family member of accident victim sends a pre stored SMS to that number If there is an occurrence of fire during the accident the system also consists of a smoke sensor to detect the smoke A GSM modem is interfaced with the microcontroller unit MCU The GSM modem sends an SMS to the predefined mobile number and informs about the accident ATS is built around the AT89C51RD2 microcontroller from Atmel This microcontroller provides all the functionali
16. tion Leal lice T port P3 pins C a D a F o ee ia mi Read from external data memory Crystal 2 Quartz crystal oscillator up to 24 MHz ae CP Ge io A a m 8 bit input output port P2 pins am aa High order address bits when interfacing with external memory blll hia ial k a Address Latch Enable 5 Program pulse input during Flash programming E External Access Enable Vcc for internal program executions Programming enable voltage 12V during Flash programming 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ia 8 bit input output port Po pins 931 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 Low order address bits when interfacing with external memory Supply voltage 5V up to 6 6V Vcc 6 RESULTS AND COMPARISIONS This paper gives a different way of approaching the problem The accident location can be located easily and the detection of accident is precise unlike the prior approaches where detection of accident is done by either of the two sensors In this approach the accident is detected by both the vibration and smoke sensor and there is an alternative way provided to stop the whole process of messaging through a switch Where the other approaches provide only one way of detecting the accident Hence this paper has an edge over the other earlier approaches 932 www ijerg
17. ty of the SMS system It also takes care of filtering of the signals at the inputs Only after an input remains unchanged for 30 milliseconds is the new signal level is passed on for processing by the microcontroller program This time can be varied by adopting small change in the source code 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM The Block diagram of Automatic Vehicle detection system based on GSM technology is shown in the figure1 VIBRATION SENSOR FIRE SENSOR wy fe LOCCATION GM MONM 927 www ijergs org International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3 Issue 3 May June 2015 ISSN 2091 2730 It consists the power supply section keyboard GSM GPS microcontroller MAX232driver relay driver IR Transmitter IR receiver LCD The GSM board has a valid SIM card with a sufficient recharge amount to make outgoing calls The circuits powered by 5v De 5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION VIBRATION SENSOR In case of any accident the vibration in vibration sensor increases the limit and information to the GSM module The GSM module can send message to respective authority Thus this system ensures the life security In information sending module module GSM vibration sensor are used In this the system vibration sensor GSM is placed in the vehicle If an accident occurred the vibration sensor senses the vibration level and if it exceeds the threshold limit the system will consider that there is an occurrence of acc
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