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Turbidity Field Measurement Standard Operating Procedure

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1. Sample Analyzed By Signature Sample Analyzed By Print Name Analyzer Phone Number Samples Analyzed For Parameter s Turbidity LJ Company O Othe Turbidity pH _ ee Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Comments Sample Identification NTU pH Qualifying Rain Event Pally Average Analysis Result STORMWATER SAMPLE FIELD TEST REPORT PROJECT INFORMATION NAME AND SITE ADDRESS PROJECT IDENTIFIER NUMBER Turbidity Analysis Information Turbidity Meter Manufacturer Model Number Serial Number Calibration Date Analytical Method Method Reporting Unit Method Detection Limit Analysis Information Turbidity Meter Manufacturer Model Number Serial Number Calibration Date Analytical Method Method Reporting Unit Method Detection Limit Analysis Information Meter Manufacturer Model Number Serial Number Calibration Date Analytical Method Method Reporting Unit Method Detection Limit Note Meter calibration information available in the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan SWPPP files Comments Review and Record Keeping Test results entered into sampling and testing Numeric action level exceedance activity log Yes Yes No Ne have reviewed this document and based my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information to the best of my knowledge and belief the information submitted is true acc
2. Turbidity Field Measurement Standard Operating Procedure January 2013 Nez Perce Soil and Water Conservation District PO Box 131 Culdesac Idaho 83524 208 843 2931 npswcd co nezperce id us www nezperceswcd org Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Introduction The Nez Perce Soil and Water Conservation District NPSWCD conducts field measurements of turbidity for project purposes and construction site discharge documentation This Standard Operating Procedures SOPs document provides direction on how to perform turbidity measurements for NPSWCD activities Responsible Personnel The following personnel are responsible for various aspects associated with turbidity measurements for NPSWCD activities The brief descriptions provided below serve to clarify the roles that these individuals have in this process District Manager is responsible for authorizing all work and ensures that SOP implementation and documentation responsibilities are clearly communicated to the project personnel Construction Inspector is responsible for ensuring that the SOP is implemented and documented for construction projects requiring discharge monitoring In addition he she will ensure that measurements are taken on the required schedule and that the designated NPSWCD personnel are performing these requirements in a timely manner Planner and or Field Director is responsible for providing the direc
3. 19 dn 32S suondo Options Set Up m TURBIDITY OPTIONS The default units are NTU and FNU and the default calibration curve is formazin NTU will be used in this example To change the settings Selecting Turbidity Units 1 Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Menu will Options appear Run PC Link Data Logging 12 00 00 001 500 Press 66629 to scroll to Options Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press MB to select Options Menu Options Press to scroll to Turbidity Options Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Turbidity Options Turbidity Options Turbidity Units Turbidity Calibration 12 00 00 001 500 20 5 Press to select Set Turbidity Units Turbidity Units NTU ASBC EBC 12 00 00 001 500 Available units are NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units 2020we only FNU Formazin Nephelometric Units 2020wi only ASBC American Society of Brewing Chemists EBC European Brewery Convention NOTE The meter will automatically switch to the attenuation mode above 600 NTU or FNU In Attenuation mode measurements will be made with the 180 detector only as indicated by AU attenuation units or FAU formazin anttenuation units on the display AU and FAU are numberically equivalent to NTU See page 15 f
4. when water depth is 4 inches Because there can be differences in water quality on the surface compared to subsurface surface samples should be noted on the field data sheet as collected at 0 inch After the sample is collected it must be transferred as soon as possible to the sample cell small glass container provided in the LaMotte 202we kit The sample cell then is placed into the meter for turbidity measurement During this process care must be taken to avoid settling of any material that is suspended in the sample Settling can be prevented by swirling the sample Field Measurement Methods When using the LaMotte 2020we turbidity meter for measurement of turbidity samples must be collected using a clean container and the instructions presented on pages 9 through 61 of the LaMotte 2020 we Portable Turbidimeter User Manual Attachment 1 must be followed for sample preparation and analysis The LaMotte 2020we turbidity meter measures turbidity as nephelometric turbidity units NTU The following general instructions must be observed During Use e Place the meter on a level stationary surface during measurement Note Do not hold the meter in the hand during measurement e Avoid contamination of sample from construction site dust or any other source Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 e Avoid dilution of sample from rain water e Avoid operation in direct sunlight shade the m
5. 1 second Factory Reset and return to the Options Menu Select Language 12 00 00 001 500 NOTE If the meter unintentionally switches to another language use the procedure above to reset the meter to the desired language For example to reset the meter to English 1 Turn the meter on 2 Press down arrow twice Press ENTER 3 Press down arrow seven times Press ENTER 4 Press ENTER 33 1es suondo Options Set Up DATA LOGGING The default setting for the data logger is enabled The meter will log the last 500 data points The counter in the center bottom of the display will show how many data points have been logged The display will show 500 when the data logger has exceeded 500 points and the data points are being overwritten 1 Press and briefly hold 9 to turn the meter on The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear Press to scroll to Data Logging Press to select Data Logging Press to display the last data point and the time that it was logged Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 Main Menu Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Display Test Log Enable Logging Disable Logging Erase Log 12 00 00 Record Number 2 Turbidity WB F 655 AU 12 26 58 08 03 2010 001 500 001 500 12 00 00 001 500 34 5 Press or scroll Record Number 1
6. Time Backlight Time Button Control 10 Seconds 20 Seconds 30 Seconds 12 00 00 001 500 Press or LM to scroll Backlight Time to desired setting Button Control 10 Seconds 20 Seconds 30 Seconds 12 00 00 001 500 Press to save the Options Menu selection The screen will Turbidity Options display Storing for about 1 second and return to the Options Menu Set PWR Save Set Backlight Time 12 00 00 001 500 29 dn 32S suondo Options Set Up FACTORY RESET Performing a Factory Reset will restore the factory default settings All user level calibrated settings will be lost Press and briefly hold 9 to turn the meter on The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear Press lt to scroll to Options Press to select Options Press to scroll to Factory Reset Press to select to Factory Reset Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Turbidity Options 001 500 Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Set Clock Set PWR Save Set Backlight Time Factory Reset 12 00 00 lt Enter gt Continue lt Exit gt to Abort 001 500 12 00 00 001 500 30 Press to complete Options Menu Factory Reset The screen will momentarily display Writing D O N The screen will displ
7. Turbidity With Blank Menu Rinse a clean tube 0290 or the same tube three times with the standard Fill the tube to the fill line with the standard Pour the standard down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles Cap the tube Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lint free cloth Open the meter lid Insert the tube into the chamber Align the index line on the tube with the index arrow on the meter Close the lid Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 39 Calibration Press 3 to scan the standard The screen will display Reading for about 1 second The result will appear on the screen Press to scroll to Calibrate Press to select Calibrate A reverse font dark background with light characters will appear to indicate that the reading can be adjusted Press cA or lt to scroll to the concentration of the standard 1 00 in the example Note The allowable adjustment is 20 Press QQ to select Caibrate Two menu choices will be offered Set Calibration and Factory Setting 0 99 Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 Turbidity WB F 0 99 Scan Sample Calibrate 12 00 00 001 500 Scan Sample Calibrate 12 00 00 001 500 Scan Sample Calibrate 12 00 00 001 500 Calibrate Menu 1 00 Set Calibration Factory Setting 12 00 00 001 500 40 19 Press to select Set Turbidi
8. affected by stray light Make sure that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed when taking readings The backlight will interfere with turbidity readings The meter will temporarily disable the backlight while turbidity measurements are being taken 50 GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION OVERVIEW The 2020we wi is a portable microprocessor controlled direct reading nephelometer Turbidity is measured directly by either EPA Method 180 1 or ISO Method 7027 It has a graphical liquid crystal display and six button keypad These allow the user to select options from the menu driven software to directly read test results or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger The menus can be displayed in seven different languages The 2020we wi uses a state ofthe art multi detector optical configuration that assures long term stability of calibrations high precision and accuracy and low detection limits All readings are determined by sophisticated digital signal processing algorithms minimizing fluctuations in readings and enabling rapid repeatable measurements The microprocessor and optics enable a dynamic range and auto ranging over several ranges Energy efficient LED light sources are used for ISO turbidity EPA turbidity uses a tungsten filament light source that meets or exceeds EPA specifications and is designed for a uniform light spot image and stable output A USB wall adapter USB computer connection or l
9. error It is the detection limit for the optical system of the meter CFR 40 part 136 appendix Statistics in Analytical Chemistry Part 7 A Review D Coleman and L Vanatta American Laboratory Sept 2003 P 31 Skoog D A West D M Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry 2 ed Holt Rinehart and Winston Inc 1969 p 26 5 Statistics in Analytical Chemistry Part 7 A Review D Coleman and L Vanatta American Laboratory Sept 2003 P 34 5 J effery H Basset Mendham Denney C Vogel s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis 5 ed Longman Scientific amp Technical 1989 p 130 6 effery H 58556 Mendham Denney C Vogel s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis 5 ed Longman Scientific amp Technical 1989 p 130 CONTENTS amp ACCESSORIES EPA Version ISO Version Code 1970 EPA Code 1970 ISO Contents Code 0 NTU Standard 60 mL 1480 1 NTU FNU Standard 60 mL 1453 10 NTU FNU Standard 60 mL 1454 Water Sample Bottle 60 mL 0688 Tubes 6 pe Cable USB 3 ft 1720 USB Wall Adapter 1721 Accessories Code Description 1452 100 NTU Standard 60 mL EPA 1455 100 FNU Standard 60 mL ISO 0290 6 Tubes Code 0290 Set of 6 3 0038 Replacement Chamber 4185 Turbidity Free Water Kit 2 2097 Filters 0 1 micron Pack of 50 1901 CD SMARTLink 3 Software 5 0132 Car Charger EPA COMPLIANCE The 2020we meter meets or exceeds EPA design specification
10. hazardous to health and the environment To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources the use of appropriate take back systems is recommended The crossed out wheeled bin symbol on the meter encourages the use of these systems when disposing of this equipment 4 Take back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that will not harm the environment For more information on approved collection reuse and recycling systems contact local or regional waste administration or recycling services 56 LaMotte 802 Washington Ave Chestertown Maryland 21620 USA 410 778 3100 800 344 3100 www lamotte com 1970 MN 02 01 12 Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Attachment 2 Turbidity Meter Calibration Record Form 10 STORMWATER TURBIDITY METER CALIBRATION RECORD Page 1 of 3 PROJECT INFORMATION NAME AND SITE ADDRESS E PROJECT IDENTIFIER NUMBER CONTRACTOR NAME AND ADDRESS PROJECT SITE RISK LEVEL Risk Level 1 Risk Level 2 Risk Level 3 SUBMITTED BY PRINT AND SIGN NAME DATE Turbidity Meter Meter manufacturer Meter model number Meter serial number Standard Solution NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit P a 0 02 10 0 1000 Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Cal Sta
11. if possible to extend the battery life The meter will remain on when the USB adapter is used To charge the battery with the wall adapter plug the smaller end of the USB cable USB mini B connector into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable USB Type A connector into the wall adapter Plug the wall adapter into an AC outlet Reinsert the USB port plug after charging To charge the battery from a computer plug the smaller end ofthe USB cable USB mini B connector into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable USB Type A connector into a USB porton a computer Reinsert the USB port plug after charging The battery icon will show no bars and flash when the unit first turns on Then the indicator will indicate the battery status by showing 0 1 2 3 or 4 bars It will take 5 hours to fully charge a low battery The battery icon will flash when the battery is charging The battery icon will show four bars and stop flashing when it is fully charged The charging circuit will automatically switch to a float charge when the battery is fully charged The charger may remain connected Some computers will NOT supply power to their USB ports during standby operation The wall adapter will charge the unit continuously The battery icon will show no bars and continuously flash if the battery is getting low butthe unit will still operate normally A Low Battery message on the status bar of the display will replace the time when the ba
12. through the data points in the Turbidity WB F log 95 4 NTU 12 26 44 PM 08 03 2010 12 00 00 001 500 Press to return to the Logging Logging menu Press Display Test Log to scroll to disable Logging the logging options or erase the log Press 6889 to select Disable Logging the option The screen will Erase Log display Storing for about ERN 001 500 1 second and return to the Logging Menu 35 Calibration CALIBRATION amp ANALYSIS CALIBRATION Turbidity Standards Only use AMCO or formazin standards with the 2020we wi StablCal standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the 2020we wi The diluent used in StablCal standards has a different refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will affect the results The concentration of the calibration standard should be similar to the expected concentration of sample that will be tested The following standards are available from LaMotte Company 1480 ONTU FNU Standard 60 mL EPA or ISO 1450 1NTU Standard 60 mL EPA 1453 1FNU Standard 60 mL ISO 1451 10 NTU Standard 60 mL EPA 1454 10 FNU Standard 60 mL ISO 1452 100 NTU Standard 60 mL EPA 1455 100 FNU Standard 60 mL ISO Turbidity Calibration Procedure The default units are NTU and FNU and the default calibration curve is formazin as indicated by F in the Menu bar A 2020we which uses N
13. to scroll to Turbidity With Blank Turbidity No Blank Turbidity With Blank 43 sisAjeuy Analysis 4 Press to select Turbidity With Blank Rinse a clean tube 0290 three times with the blank If samples are expected to read below 1 NTU the meter should be blanked with a 0 NTU Primary Standard or prepared turbidity free lt 0 1 NTU water For the most accurate results use the same tube for the blank and the sample Fill the tube to the fill line with the blank Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles Cap the tube Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lint free cloth Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 44 8 Open meter lid Insert the tube into the chamber Align the index line on the tube with the index arrow on the meter Close the lid Press to scan the blank Turbidity WB F The screen will display Blank Done for about 1 second and then return to the Turbidity With Blank menu Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 Rinse clean tube 0290 same tube three times with the sample Fill the tube to the fill line with the standard Pour the standard down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles Cap the tube Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lint free cloth 45 sisAjeuy Analysis 13 Open the meter lid Insert the tube into the chamber Align the index line on the t
14. 0 Time 02 09 08 PM 12 00 00 001 500 24 Press to select the final character The time and date will be saved and the screen will return to the Options Menu Averaging 4 Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 25 5 Options Set Up SETTING POWER SAVE The power saving Auto Shutoff feature will turn the meter off when a button has not been pushed for a set amount of time The default setting is 5 minutes To change the setting 1 Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear Press lt to scroll to Options Press M to select Options Press to scroll to Set PWR Save Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Averaging Turbidity Options t 001 500 Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 Averaging Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 001 500 26 5 55 qu to select PWR Save Press or scroll to desired setting Press to save the selection The screen will display Storing for about 1 second and return to the Options Menu Auto Shutoff 5 Minutes 15 Minutes 30 Minutes 12 00 00 001 500 Auto Shutoff Disable 5 Minutes 15 Minutes 30 Minutes 12 00 00 001 500 Av
15. 0 00 Therefore negative readings are possible and expected on samples with concentrations at or near zero This does not mean there is a negative concentration in the sample It means the sample reading was less than the blank reading Small negative readings can indicate that the sample was at or near the detection limit This is a normal variation that results in a negative reading A large negative reading however is not normal and indicates problem Some instruments are designed to display negative readings as zero In this type of instrument if the meter displayed zero when the result was actually a large negative number there would be no indication that a problem existed For this reason the 2020we wi displays negative numbers for turbidity TUBES AND CHAMBERS The 2020we wi uses one type of tube Code 0290 There is no need for a special turbidity tube The handling of the tubes is of utmost importance Tubes must be clean and free from lint fingerprints dried spills and significant scratches especially the central zone between the bottom and the sample line Scratches fingerprints and water droplets on the tube can cause stray light interference leading to inaccurate results when measuring turbidity Scratches and abrasions will affect the accuracy of the readings Tubes that have been scratched in the light zone through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones Tubes should always be washed on the
16. 0 001 500 Press to select Measure Menu Measure Turbidity No Blank Turbidity With Blank 12 00 00 001 500 41 sisAjeuy Analysis 3 Press 3 to select Turbidity NB F Turbidity No Blank Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 Rinse a clean tube 0290 three times with the sample Fill the tube to the fill line with the sample Pour the sample down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles Cap the tube Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lint free cloth Open the meter lid Insert the tube into the chamber Align the index line on the tube with the index arrow on the meter Close the lid 42 Press to select Scan Turbidity NB F Sample The screen will display Reading for about 1 1 0 2 2 NTU second The result will appear on the screen Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 ANALYSIS WITH BLANKING PROCEDURE To obtain the most accurate results the meter should be blanked before measuring a sample The blanking step is not as critical for samples above 10 NTU The meter should always be blanked before reading samples below 10 NTU Press and briefy hold 0 to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will Data Logain appear for about 3 seconds EM and the Main Menu will Options appear Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press QED to select Measure Menu Measure Turbidity No Blank Turbidity With Blank 12 00 00 001 500 Press
17. 0 1 NTU The trend has been to check the calibration of on line turbidimeters with hand held field units The optical design and low detection limit of the 2020we wi allows very accurate readings for such calibrations The meter also allows the user to choose the units of measure for expressing turbidity While nephelometric turbidity unit NTU has been the standard for years FNU formazin nephelometric unit and FAU formazin attenuation unit are now being used in ISO 7027 units American Society of Brewing Chemists ASBC units and European Brewery Convention EBC units allow the brewing industry to check process waters B HOW IS TURBIDITY MEASURED Turbidity is measured by detecting and quantifying the scattering of light in water solution Turbidity can be measured in many ways There are visual methods and instrumental methods Visual methods are more suitable for samples with high turbidity Instrumental methods can be used on samples with both high and low levels of turbidity Two visual methods are the Secchi Disk method and the J ackson Candle method The Secchi Disk method is often used in natural waters A black and white Secchi Disk is lowered into the water until it can no longer be seen It is then raised until it can be seen again The average ofthese two distances is known as the Secchi Depth The J ackson Candle method uses a long glass tube over a standard candle Water is added or removed from the tube until the candl
18. DITY m WHAT IS TURBIDITY Turbidity is an aggregate property of the solution which is water in most cases Turbidity is not specific to the types of particles in the water The particles could be suspended or colloidal matter and they can be inorganic organic or biological At high concentrations turbidity is perceived as cloudiness haze or an absence of clarity in the water Turbidity is an optical property that results when light passing through a liquid sample is scattered The scattering of light results in a change in the direction of the light passing through the liquid This is most often caused when the light strikes particles in solution and is scattered backward sideways and forward If the turbidity is low much ofthe light will continue in the original direction Light scattered by the particles allows the particle to be seen or detected in solution just as sunlight allows dust particles in the air to be seen In the past 10 years turbidity has become more than just a measure of water clarity Because of the emergence of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia turbidity now holds the key to assuring proper water filtration In 1998 the EPA published the IESWTR interim enhanced surface water treatment rule mandating turbidities in combined filter effluent to read at or below 0 3 NTU By doing so the EPA hoped to achieve a 2 log 9996 removal of Cryptosporidium There is presently consideration to lower this to
19. Motte logo is displayed The top two lines of the display are used to display information in a large easy to read format The menus work in the same way as previously described but two lines of the menu are visible at the bottom of the display Header ss MenuTitle Result or Message or Result Window Another Main Selection Window And Another Footer 001 500 So Last Choice As described previously the button allows an exit or escape from the current menu and a return to the previous menu This allows a rapid exit from an inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the GP button Pushing Pat any time will turn the 2020we wi off 53 The display may show following messages Battery Status More choices are available and can be viewed by scrolling up and or down through the display Header Identifies the current menu and information on units and reagent systems if applicable Footer In the data logging mode the number of the data point is displayed and the total number of data points in the memory will be shown The footer also shows current time and battery status NEGATIVE RESULTS There are always small variations in readings with analytical instruments Often these variations can be observed by taking multiple readings of the same sample These variations will fall above and below an average reading Repeated readings on a 0 00 sample might give readings above and below
20. TU will be used in the following examples For the most accurate results a user calibration should be performed The J apan Standard calibration mode as indicated by in the Menu bar should be used only with J apanese Polystyrene Standards 0 100 NTU To change the settings see the Set Up Instructions on page 9 Forthe most accurate results perform a calibration over the smallest range possible Use a calibration standard that along with the blank brackets the range of the samples that will be tested For example if the samples that are to be tested are expected to be below 1 NTU more accurate results will be obtained by calibration with a blank and a 1 NTU standard as opposed to a blank and a 100 NTU standard The meter has five measuring ranges 0 11 NTU FTU 11 110 NTU FTU 110 300 NTU FTU 300 600 NTU FTU 600 4000 NTU FTU Each range can be calibrated with one point per range Six points total a blank plus one point in each ofthe five ranges if each range is calibrated New calibration points will replace old calibration points independently for each range If one range is recalibrated the meter will 36 retain the old calibration data for the other ranges It is recommended that the meter be calibrated for each range that will be used The value of the standards chosen for the calibration should not be at the extremes of the ranges 11 110 300 600 NTU FTU The meter is auto ranging and will automatically selec
21. The footer line displays the time and the date the data logger status and the battery status The menu selection window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer The menu selection window displays information in two general formats In the first format only menu selections are displayed Up to 4 lines of menu selections may be displayed If more selections are available they can be viewed by pressing the arrow buttons G EP to scroll the other menu selections into the menu selection window Think of the menu selections as a vertical list in the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button GY EW is pressed Some menus in the 2020we wi are looping menus The top and bottom menu choices are connected in a loop Scrolling down pastthe bottom of the menu will lead to the top of the menu Scrolling up pastthe top ofthe menu will lead to the bottom of the menu 52 Main Selection Window 8 149092 Second Choice Third Choice Another Footer 00 001 500 And Another And So On A black bar will indicate the menu choice As the menu is scrolled through the black bar will highlight different menu choices Pressing the button will select the menu choice that is indicated by the black bar In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the graphical capabilities of the display Large format graphic information such as test results or error messages or the La
22. alibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date Cal Read Cal Read Read Acceptable performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 STORMWATER TURBIDITY METER CALIBRATION RECORD Page 3 of 3 PROJECT INFORMATION NAME AND SITE ADDRESS PROJECT IDENTIFIER NUMBER Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date Cal Read Cal Read Read performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 Date Notes Review have reviewed this document and based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information to the best of my knowledge and belief the information submitted is true accurate and complete Date signature Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Attachment 3 Turbidity Measurement Form 14 STORMWATER SAMPLE FIELD TEST REPORT PROJECT IDENTIFIER NUMBER CONTRACTOR NAME AND ADDRESS PROJECT SITE RISK LEVEL L Risk Level 1 L Risk Level 2 L Risk Level 3 i uni Stormwater Samples Field Analysis UR Sample Location Identification Number Date of Analysis
23. ater body via wading If the centroid of the flow cannot be sampled by direct reach or by wading into the flow a sampling pole or other sampling device can be used to reach the sampling location Such devices typically involve a means to extend the reach of the sampler with the sample bottle Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 attached to the end of the device for filling at the desired location These methods do not allow opening of the sample container under water therefore there is potential for contamination when the container is opened prior to lowering the sample container into the stream Caution is required when wading as flowing water provides more force than visually anticipated Only experienced personnel should perform this collection technique When sampling from a stream bank where direct reach is not possible the sample container is secured by a hardware device which in turn is attached to the end of an extendable sampling pole Sites accessed by bridge also can be sampled with a sample container secured to a device lowered into the stream at the end of a rope Extreme care must be taken to avoid contaminating the sample with debris from the rope and bridge Sample Collection Depth Sub Surface Sample Grab samples for field measurements are typically collected at 4 inches below the water surface Surface Sample Grab samples for field measurements are collected at the surface
24. ay Done and return to the Options Menu To retain the current lt Enter gt Continue user level calibration settings 001 500 press to abort the Factory Reset Press to return to the Options Menu Options Menu Set Clock Set PWR Save Set Backlight Time Factory Reset 12 00 00 001 500 31 1es suondo Options Set Up SELECTING A LANGUAGE There are seven languages available in the 2020we wi English Spanish French Portuguese Italian Chinese and apanese Kana Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Menu will Options appear Run PC Link Data Logging 12 00 00 001 500 Press 6699 to scroll to Options Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press M to select Options Menu Options Averaging Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save Press to scroll to Select Language Set PWR Save Set Backlight Time Factory Reset Select Language 12 00 00 001 500 Press MB to select to Select Language English Spanish French Portuguese 12 00 00 001 500 32 6 Press ZY LD to scroll Select Language to desired language English Spanish French Portuguese 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select desired Options Menu language The screen Set PWR Save will momentarily display Set Backlight Time Storing for about
25. bidimeters designed for use in the United State were made to the specifications of EPA Method 180 1 This method defined the NTU nephelometric turbidity unit as a unitto measure turbidity in the range of 0 40 NTU using a nephelometer According to the EPA a nephelometer was a turbidimeter that measured turbidity with a 90 detector Also if the turbidity was greater than 40 NTU a dilution was necessary to bring the sample into the 0 40 NTU range Today many turbidimeters have additional detectors which increase the range ofthe turbidity measurement eliminate interferences and generally improve the performance Currently many turbidimeters are capable of measuring above 40 NTU by using detectors other than a 90 detector Even though they may use a 180 detector to measure the light that is attenuated by high turbidity samples they may continue to report the results as NTU Recently there has been an effort to use the units of turbidity measurements to indicate which type of detector and light source was used For EPA compliant meters measurements made with a 90 degree detector and an incandescent white light source are reported as NTU When an attenuation measurement is made with a 180 detector using the same meter the results are reported as AU attenuation units ISO Method 7027 which specifies a 860 nm light source also uses two turbidity units When the 90 degree detector is used the results are reported as FNU formazin nephelo
26. e flame becomes indistinct The depth of the water measured with a calibrated scale is 13 reported as ackson Turbidity Units J TU The lowest turbidity that can be determined with this method is about 25 NTU There are two common methods for instruments to measure turbidity Instruments can measure the attenuation of a light beam passing through a sample and they can measure the scattered light from a light beam passing through a sample In the attenuation method the intensity of a light beam passing through a turbid sample is compared with the intensity passing through a turbidity free sample at 180 from the light source This method is good for highly turbid samples The most common instrument for measuring scattered light in a water sample is a nephelometer A nephelometer measures light scattered at 90 to the light beam Light scattered at other angles may also be measured but the 90 angle defines a nephelometric measurement The light source for nephelometric measurements can be one of two types to meet EPA or ISO specifications The EPA specifies a tungsten lamp with a color temperature of 2 200 3 000 K The units of measurement for the EPA method are nephelometric turbidity units NTU The ISO specifies a light emitting diode LED with a wavelength of 860 30 nm and a spectral bandwidth less than or equal to 60 nm The units of measurement for the ISO method are formazin nephelometric units FNU The 2020we meets the EPA specif
27. ecovery of a known amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte i e 103 5 96 Resolution Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two measurements that can be made For meters this is usually how many decimal places are displayed i e 0 01 Note thatthe resolution many change with concentration or range In some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval if itis possible to make a reading that falls between calibration marks A word of caution that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or precision The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works The resolution can be very very good and the accuracy and precision can 7 be very bad This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method Repeatability Repeatability is the within run precision A run is a single data set from setup to clean up Generally one run occurs on one day However for meter calibrations a single calibration is considered a single run or data set even though it may take 2 or 3 days Reproducibility Reproducibility is the between run precision Detection Limit DL The detection limit DL for the 2020we wi is defined as the minimum value or concentration that can be determined by the meter which is greater than zero independent of matrix glassware and other sample handling sources of
28. ed through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with a new one MAINTENANCE CLEANING Clean the exterior housing with a damp lint free cloth Do not allow water to enter the light chamber or any other parts of the meter To clean the light chamber and optics area point a can of compressed air into the light chamber and blow the pressurized air into the light chamber Use cotton swab dampened with Windex window cleaner to gently swab the interior of the chamber Do not use alcohol it will leave a thin residue over the optics when dry REPAIRS Should it be necessary to return the meter for repair or servicing pack the meter carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 800 344 3100 US only or 410 778 3100 faxing 410 778 6394 or emailing tech lamotte com Often a problem can be resolved over the phone or by email If a return of the meter is necessary attach a letter with the return authorization number meter serial number a brief description of problem and contact information 55 including phone and FAX numbers to the shipping carton This information will enable the service department to make the required repairs more efficiently B METER DISPOSAL Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Natural resources were used in the production ofthis equipment This equipment may contain materials that are
29. eraging Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 27 dn 1es suondo Options Set Up SETTING THE BACKLIGHT TIME The backlight illuminates the display for enhanced viewing If Button Control is chosen the backlight button on the key pad will act as an on off switch and the backlight will remain on or off when the meter is being used When one of the other settings 10 20 or 30 seconds is chosen the display will be illuminated for the specified amount of time after any button is pressed As a precaution the backlight will not illuminate during turbidity measurements to avoid interference from stray light NOTE The backlight feature uses a significant amount of power The longer the backlight is on the more frequently the battery will have to be charged if the USB Wall Charger is not being used 1 Press and briefly hold 9 to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will Data Loaain appear for about 3 seconds sama and the Main Menu will Options appear Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press 66629 to scroll to Options Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Options Menu Options Averaging Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 28 Press to scroll to Set Options Menu Backlight Time Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save Set Backlight Time 12 00 00 001 500 Press M to select Set Backlight
30. eter during operation e Measure samples immediately to prevent temperature changes and settling Before taking a measurement always ensure that the sample is homogeneous throughout e Always close the sample compartment lid during measurement calibration and storage to prevent the entry of dust and dirt e Always cap the sample cell to prevent spillage of the sample into the instrument e Always use clean sample cells in good condition Dirty scratched or damaged cells can cause inaccurate readings e Make sure that cold samples do not fog the sample cell After Use e Store sample cells filled with laboratory provided distilled or deionized DI water and cap tightly e Remove sample cell and batteries from the instrument if the instrument is stored for an extended time period longer than a month To perform measurement 1 Collect a representative sample in a clean container Fill a sample cell to the line about 15 milliliter Take care to handle the sample cell by the top Cap the cell 2 Wipe the cell with a soft lint free cloth to remove water spots and fingerprints 3 Apply a thin film of silicone oil provided in meter kit Wipe with soft cloth provided in meter kit to obtain an even film over the entire surface 4 Push the Power key to turn on the meter Place the instrument on a flat sturdy surface Note Do not hold the instrument during measurement 5 Gently invert the sample cell to ensu
31. hut off 5 10 30 min disabled IP67 with USB port plug in place Power USB wall adapter USB computer connection or Lithium ion rechargeable battery 2200 mAH 3 7V Battery Charge Life Approximately 380 tests with backlight on to 1000 tests with backlight off Signal averaging disabled Battery Life Approximately 500 charges Electrical Provided on nameplate label Ratings Dimensions XL 8 84 19 05 6 35 cm 3 5 7 5 x22 inches 362 9 13 oz meter only USB Interface Mark The device complies to the product specifications for the Low Voltage Directive B STATISTICAL amp TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Method Detection Limit MDL The method detection limit MDL is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99 confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of sample in a given matrix containing the analyte Note that As Dr William Horwitz once stated In almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it Accuracy Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true value The accuracy can be expressed as a range about the true value in which a measurement occurs i e 0 5 ppm It can also be expressed as the 96 r
32. ial Quality Assurance Quality Control Perform all required QA QC measures as specified in the Caltrans Construction Site Monitoring Program Guidance Manual Adherence to the sample collection and measurement procedures described above along with adherence to QA QC measures required per the Caltrans Construction Site Monitoring Program Guidance Manual will ensure that field measurements are representative of environmental conditions and conform to CGP requirements Troubleshooting Refer to manufacturer provided literature for troubleshooting suggestions or call manufacturer s representative for specific questions Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Attachment 1 LaMotte Portable Turbidimeter 2020we User Manual LaMotte 202 2020we 1970 EPA 1970 1550 CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION Packaging and Delivery General Precautions Safety Precautions Limits of Liability Specifications Statistical amp Technical Definitions Contents and Accessories EPA Compliance ISO Compliance CE Compliance IP67 Compliance Warranty Register Your Meter COMPUTER CONNECTION BATTERY AC OPERATION TURBIDITY What is Turbidity How is Turbidity Measured Turbidity Units Taking Turbidity Water Samples Sample Dilution Techniques OPTIONS amp SETUP Factory Default Settings Averaging Turbidity Options Selecting Turbidity Units Selecting a Turbidity Calibrat
33. ication and the 2020wi meets the ISO specification The nephelometric method is most useful for low turbidity The 2020we wi is a nephelometer that is capable of measuring turbidity by both the attenuation method and the nephelometric method It uses a detector placed at 180 to the light source for high turbidity samples uses a detector placed at 90 to the light source for the nephelometric method for low turbidity samples The 2020we wi has a signal averaging option to improve the stability of readings on low turbidity samples The 2020we wi has two different turbidity calibrations formazin and J apan Standard The formazin calibration is the EPA and ISO approved method of calibrating nephelometers This calibration can be used with user prepared formazin standards or commercially purchased formazin standards LaMotte Company approved AMCO standards labeled for use with the 2020we wi can also be used with the formazin calibration Stablcal standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the 2020we wi The apan Standard calibration is a calibration for a J apanese Water Works standard It is based apanese formulated polystyrene turbidity standards This calibration should only be used to meet J apanese Water Works requirements The J apanese polystyrene standards can only be purchased in J apan Formazin AMCO and Stablcal standards cannot be used with this calibration 14 m TURBIDITY UNITS Traditionally tur
34. ings The user should verify if a certain level of color will cause a significant error at the level of turbidity being tested Observe shelf life recommendations for turbidity standards Do not use silicone oil on tubes when testing turbidity with the 2020we wi When testing at low concentrations use the same tube for the blank and the sample Always insert tube into the meter chamber with the same amount of pressure and to the same depth Occasionally clean the chamber with a damp lint free wipe followed by a Windex dampened wipe A clean chamber and tubes are essential for reliable results Forthe greatest accuracy during the calibration procedure be sure that after the meter is blanked and the blank is scanned as a sample the reading is 0 00 If not reblank the meter and scan the blank again until it reads 0 00 When scanning the calibration standards as the sample scan the calibration standard three times removing the tube from the chamber after each scan The readings should be consistent Use the last consistent reading to calibrate the meter If the readings are not consistent avoid using an aberrant reading to calibrate the meter Calibrate the meter daily Calibrate the meter with a standard that is closest to the expected range ofthe sample being tested For example if the sample is expected to be less than 1 0 NTU calibrate with a 1 0 NTU standard and a blank 0 NTU standard If the sample is expected to be a
35. inside and outside with mild 54 detergent prior to use to remove dirt or fingerprints The tubes should be allowed to air dry in an inverted position to prevent dust from entering the tubes Dry tubes should be stored with the caps on to prevent contamination After a tube has been filled and capped it should be held by the cap and the outside surface should be wiped with a clean lint free absorbent cloth until itis dry and smudge free Handling the tube only by the cap will avoid problems from fingerprints Always set the clean tube aside on a clean surface that will not contaminate the tube It is imperative that the tubes and light chamber be clean and dry The outside of the tubes should be dried with a clean lint free cloth or disposable wipe before they are placed in the meter chamber Tubes should be emptied and cleaned as soon as possible after reading a sample to prevent deposition of particulates on the inside of the tubes When highly accurate results are required reduce error by designating tubes to be used only for very low turbidity and very high turbidity testing Variability in the geometry of the glassware and technique is the predominate cause of variability in results Slight variations in wall thickness and the diameter of the tubes may lead to slight variations in the test results To eliminate this error the tubes should be placed in the chamber with the same orientation each time Chambers which have been scratch
36. ion Curve Setting Clock Setting Power Save Setting Backlight Time Factory Reset Selecting Language DATA LOGGING CALIBRATION amp ANALYSIS Calibration Turbidity Standards Turbidity Calibration Procedure Analysis without Blanking Procedure Analysis with Blanking Procedure 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 13 13 15 16 17 17 18 20 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 36 37 41 43 Dilution Procedure W Preparation of Turbidity Free Water B Testing Tips TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Troubleshooting Stray Light GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Overview The Keypad The Display and Menus Negative Results Tubes and Chambers MAINTENANCE B Cleaning Repairs Meter Disposal IDE a go20welwi QUICK START GUIDE _ Refer to the Quick Start Guide for simplified Calibration and Analysis procedures NTU z Refer to Testing Guide for detailed Calibration and Analysis procedures for improving the EU UE e accuracy of low range turbidity measurements 46 47 48 50 50 51 52 52 54 54 55 55 56 GENERAL INFORMATION PAC KAGING AND DELIVERY Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments After the product leaves LaMotte Company all
37. ithium battery powers the 2020we wi A USB porton the back of the meter allows an interface of the meter with a Windows based computer for real time data acquisition and data storage using a PC The 2020we wi may be interfaced with any Windows based computer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink 3 Program GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION The operation of the 2020we wi is controlled by the menu driven software and user interface A menu is a list of choices This allows a selection of various tasks for the 2020we wi to perform such as scan blank and scan sample The keypad is used to make menu selections that are viewed on the display 51 The Keypad This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections ENTER The button is used to select choices in a menu viewed in the display This button controls the backlight on the display lt This button will scroll down through list of menu selections This button exits to the previous menu This button turns the meter on or off B THE DISPLAY amp MENUS The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected These selections instruct the 2020we wi to perform specific tasks The menus are viewed in the display using two general formats that are followed from one menu to the next Each menu is a list of choices or selections The display has a header line at the top and a footer line the bottom The header displays the title of the current menu
38. l compartment so that the diamond or orientation mark aligns with the raised orientation mark in front of the cell compartment Record the results of the field meter calibration on the Turbidity Meter Calibration Record form see Attachment 2 Sample Collection The LaMotte 2020we turbidity meter requires collection of a sample for subsequent turbidity measurement within the confines of the meter The sample may be collected using any clean container A wide mouth sample bottle provided by the laboratory is preferred for this purpose as those bottles are shipped pre cleaned Samples for field measurement purposes are collected by direct submersion of the sample container into the flow whenever possible Samples always should be collected upstream of sampling personnel and equipment and with the sample container pointed upstream when the container is opened for sample collection Care must be taken not to sample water downstream of areas where sediments have been disturbed in any manner by field personnel Samples are collected from a location where the sample stream visually appears to be completely mixed Ideally this is at the centroid of the flow cross section but site conditions do not always allow centroid collection Centroid is defined as the midpoint of that portion of the stream width which contains 50 percent of the total flow area The location should preferably be accessible by direct reach or in the case of a receiving w
39. lection and at the same temperature as when collected 16 SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES If a test result is out of the range of the meter it must be diluted The test should then be repeated on the diluted sample The following table gives quick reference guidelines for dilutions of various proportions Amount of Sample Deionized Water to Bring Multiplication Factor Final Volume to 10 mL All dilutions are based final volume of 10 mL so several dilutions will require small volumes of the water sample Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions If volumetric glassware is not available dilutions can be made with the colorimeter tube Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample and then transfer it to another container Add 10 mL volumes of deionized water to the container and mix Transfer 10 mL of the diluted sample to the colorimeter tube and follow the test procedure Repeat the dilution and testing procedures until the result falls within the range of the calibration Multiply the test result by the dilution factor For example if 10 mL of the sample water is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of deionized water the dilution factor is four The test result of the diluted sample should be multiplied by four OPTIONS amp SET UP FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS Settings that have user options have been set at the factory to default settings The factory default settings are NTU Back
40. liable for loss of life property profits or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their products SPECIFICATIONS 2020we wi Instrument Type Nephelometer EPA 180 1 2020we ISO 7027 2020wi Units of Measure NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units 2020we only FNU Formazin Nephelometric Units 2020wi only ASBC American Society of Brewing Chemists EBC European Brewery Convention Range 0 4000 NTU 0 4000 FNU 0 10 500 ASBC 0 150 EBC Range Selection Resolution 0 01 NTU FNU 0 10 99 NTU FNU Range display 0 1 NTU FNU 11 0 109 9 NTU FNU Range 1 NTU FNU 110 4000 NTU FNU Range Accuracy From 0 2 5 NTU FNU the accuracy is 0 05 NTU FNU From 2 5 100 NTU FNU the accuracy is 2 Above 100 NTU FNU the accuracy is 3 0 05 NTU ENU Light Source Tungsten lamp 2300 C 50 C 2020we IR LED 850 nm 10 nm spectral bandwidth 50 nm 2020wi Detector Photodiode centered at 90 maximum peak 400 600 nm 2020we Photodiode centered at 90 2020wi Signal Yes Averaging Sample Accepts 25 mm flat bottomed test tubes Chamber 10 mL in capped tube Display Graphic Liquid Crystal Display Software Auto Shut off 5 10 30 min disabled Calibration Field adjustable blank and 1 point Data Logging 500 points Languages English Spanish French Portuguese Italian Chinese Kana Operation 0 50 C Storage 40 60 C Operation 0 90 RH non condensing Humidity Range Auto S
41. light English 17 1es suondo Options Set Up AVERAGING The averaging option allows the user to average multiple readings This option will improve the accuracy of samples with readings that may tend to drift with time When the two five or ten measurement option has been selected the final average is displayed The default setting is disabled To change the setting 1 Press and briefly hold 99 to turn the meter on The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear Press to scroll to Options Press to select Options Press qu to select Averaging Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 001 500 Averaging Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Averaging Menu Disabled 2 Measurements 5 Measurements 10 Measurements 12 00 00 001 500 18 5 Press scroll Averaging Menu to the desired option Disabled 2 Measurements 5 Measurements 10 Measurements 12 00 00 001 500 Press 689 to save the Options Menu selection The screen will Averaging display Storing for about 1 second and retum to the 119 Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Options Menu NOTE When the Averaging option is enabled more time will be required to display a reading and more power will be used
42. metric units With an attenuation measurement made with a 180 detector the results are reported as FAU formazin attenuation units It should be noted that all units are numerically equivalent if the meters are calibrated to formazin and that the units only designate which detector was used to make the measurement For example 1 1 AU 1FNU 15 Options Set Up Regulatory Acronyms Definitions Notes Method NTU Nephelometric Incandescent white EPA 180 1 Turbidity Units light between 400 and 600 nm 90 detection 2020we FNU Formazin IR LED usually 860 ISO 7027 Nephelometric nm bandwidth less than Units 60 nm 90 detection 2020wi AU Attenuation Incandescent white Not Units light between 400 and applicable 600 nm 180 detection 2020we FAU Formazin IR LED usually 860 ISO 7027 Attenuation nm bandwidth less than Units 60 nm 180 detection 2020wi ASBC American 2020we wi Not Society of applicable Brewing Chemists EBC European 2020we wi Not Brewery applicable Convention The 2020we and 2020wi each use two turbidity units The 2020we reports the result as NTU when the 90 detector is used and AU when the 180 detector is used The 2020wi reports the result as FNU when the 90 detector is used and FAU when the 180 detector is used B TAKING TURBIDITY WATER SAMPLES Clean plastic or glass containers may be used for turbidity samples Ideally samples should be tested soon after col
43. n of the standards that will be used to calibrate the meter J apan Standard 12 00 00 001 500 NOTE Stablcal standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the 2020we wi The diluent has a different refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will affect the results 8 Press to save the Turbidity Options selection The screen will Turbidity Units display Storing for about Turbidity Calibration 1 second and return to the Turbidity Options menu Press to return to a previous menu 12 00 00 001 500 23 3es suondo Options Set Up SETTING THE CLOCK 1 Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear Press to scroll to Options Press M to select Options Press v scroll to Set Clock Press to select Set Clock The date is displayed as month day year The time is displayed as hours minutes seconds AM PM Press LD to the appropriate character and press to select The cursor will move to the next character Set all characters in the same manner This is a scrolling menu Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 OptionsMenu OptionsMenu Averaging i Turbidity Options Set Clock Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Date 07 09 201
44. nd cleaning Turbidity Standards 20 NTU 100 NTU and 800 NTU Manufacturer provides cloth or lint free tissues Manufacturer provides oiling tissue Manufacturer provides silicon oil cleaning solution refractive index should match that of the sample cells Sample Collection Containers Sample Collection Extension Arm as required LaMotte 2020we Portable Turbidimeter Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Field Meter Calibration All field meters must be calibrated prior to use Calibration shall be performed at a minimum of once per day for each day of instrument use Calibration shall be performed prior to the first measurements of the day Refer to pages 36 through 37 of the LaMotte 202we Portable Turbidimeter User Manual Attachment 1 for specific calibration instructions The LaMotte 2020we turbidity meter calibration is accomplished with three standards provided in the meter kit by the manufacturer Start the calibration process by pushing the Calibration key to enter the calibration mode Follow the instructions on the display The calibration is performed using the 0 0 NTU 1 0 NTU and 10 0 NTU standards in that order To ensure that the standard solutions are well mixed gently invert each standard before inserting into the meter For best accuracy use the same sample cell or four matched sample cells for all readings during calibration Insert the sample cell in the instrument cel
45. ndard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date Acceptable Cal Read Cal Read Read performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Cal Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date Acceptable Cal Read Cal Read Read performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 STORMWATER TURBIDITY METER CALIBRATION RECORD Page 2 of 3 PROJECT INFORMATION NAME AND SITE ADDRESS PROJECT IDENTIFIER NUMBER ee Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date Cal Read Cal Read Read a ai performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date p Cal Read Cal Read Read performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 Turbidity Calibration Date Initial Calibration Re Calibration Drift Check Standard Standard Solution Solution Time Time Time Notes Initials NTU Expiration Date gt Cal Read Cal Read Read performance 0 02 10 0 1 000 Turbidity Calibration Date Initial C
46. or definitions of turbidity units 6 Press GY to scroll Set Turbidity Units to the desired units NTU ASBC EBC 12 00 00 001 500 Press to save the Turbidity Options selection The screen will Turbidity Units display Storing for about 1 second and return to the Turbidity Options menu Press to return to a previous menu Turbidity Calibration 12 00 00 001 500 21 5 Options Set Up Selecting a Turbidity Calibration Curve Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds Data Logging and the Main Menu will Options appear Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press 6699 to scroll to Options Measure Data Logging Options Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Options Menu options Press 2 t scrol to Turbidity Options Turbidity Options Set Options Set PWR Save 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Turbidity Options Turbidity Options Turbidity Units Turbidity Calibration 12 00 00 001 500 Press to scroll to Turbidity Options Turbidity Calibration Turbidity Units Turbidity Calibration 12 00 00 001 500 22 Press MB to select Turbidity Calibration Turbidity Calibration Formazin J apan Standard 12 00 00 001 500 Scroll to the desired Turbidity Calibration calibration option Select Formazin a calibration option based on the compositio
47. or repair or unauthorized modification LaMotte Company specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose and will not be liable for any direct indirect incidental or consequential damages LaMotte Company s total liability is limited to repair or replacement of the product The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no other warranty whether written or oral is expressed or implied REGISTER YOUR METER To register your meter with the LaMotte Service Department go to www lamotte com and choose SUPPORT on the top navigation bar 10 COMPUTER CONNECTION m PC LINK The 2020we wi may be interfaced with any Windows based computer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink 3 Program and USB Cable The program will store test information and results in a database To transfer data from the meter to a computer plug the smaller end of the USB cable USB mini B connector into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable USB Type A connector into a USB porton a computer The 2020we wi will send the following data test name wavelength concentration transmittance absorbance sample blank time of test and date of test OUTPUT USB COMPUTER CONNECTION USB Type A USB mini B Order Cable Code 1720 BATTERY AC OPERATION The 2020we wi may be operated on battery power or using USB wall adapter or USB computer connection If using the meter as a bench top unit use the wall adapter
48. re mixing and then insert the sample cell in the instrument cell compartment so the diamond or orientation mark aligns with the raised orientation mark in front of the cell compartment Close the lid 6 Push the Read key The display shows Stabilizing then displays the turbidity in NTU FNU The result is stored in the meter automatically After measurement complete the CEM 2052 Stormwater Sample Field Test Report form see Attachment 3 After use rinse the sample cells with DI water Store the sample cells with caps on to prevent cells from drying Do not air dry the sample cells after use Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 To properly store the sample cells 1 Fill the sample cells with DI water 2 Cap and store the sample cells 3 Wipe the outside of the sample cells dry with a soft cloth Before leaving the sampling site field personnel should review datasheets to ensure that they are complete and legible and that all sampling related materials and equipment have been collected Maintenance The meter is designed to be maintenance free and does not require regular cleaning for normal operation Exterior surfaces of the meter maybe cleaned as necessary Clean the meter with a dust and lint free dry or slightly damp cloth A mild soap solution can also be used for liposoluble greasy oily contamination Note Do not clean the meter with solvents to avoid damaging the mater
49. ree 0 NTU water Turbidity is caused by scattered light Therefore low turbidity water is water without any particles that scatter a measurable amount of light But water that passed through a 0 1 micron filter may still have detectable light scatter with modern instruments This light scattering can be the result of dissolved molecules or sub micron sized particles that can not be filtered out of the water Because there may still be a small amount of scattered light from dissolved molecules high purity water is often called low turbidity water and assigned a value of 0 01 or 0 02 NTU However because this water is used as a baseline to compare to sample water the difference between the sample and the low turbidity or turbidity free water will 46 same whether it is called 0 00 NTU or 0 02 NTU design simplicity the 2020we wi uses the term turbidity free water and the value of 0 00 NTU PREPARATION OF TURBIDITY FREE WATER A 0 NTU FNU Standard Code 1480 is included with the meter accessory package Code 4185 is available for preparing turbidity free water for blanking the meter and dilution of high turbidity samples The preparation of turbidity free water requires careful technique Introduction of foreign matter will affect the turbidity reading A filtering device with a special membrane filter is used to prepare turbidity free water The filter filter holder and syringe must be conditioned by forcing a
50. responsibility for safe delivery is assured by the transportation company Damage claims must be filed immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods GENERAL PRECAUTIONS READ THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET UP OR OPERATE THE METER Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to the meter The meter should not be used or stored in a wet or corrosive environment Care should be taken to prevent water from wet tubes from entering the meter chamber NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN THE METER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Read the label on all reagent containers Some labels include precautionary notices and first aid information Certain reagents are considered potential health hazards and are designated with a in the instruction manual To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS for these reagents go to www lamotte com To obtain a printed copy contact LaMotte by e mail phone or FAX Additional information for all LaMotte reagents is available in the United States Canada Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands from Chem Tel by calling 1 800 255 3924 For other areas call 813 248 0585 collect to contact Chem Tel s International access number Each reagent can be identified by the four digit number listed on the upper left corner of the reagent label in the contents list and in the test procedures LIMITS OF LIABILITY Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be
51. round 2 NTU also calibrate with the 1 0 NTU standard but ifthe sample is expected to be around 8 NTU calibrate with a 10 NTU standard If the sample is expected to be over 30 40 NTU itis recommended thatthe meter be calibrated with a 100 NTU standard 49 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM REASON SOLUTION Blank Sample is reading With samples of very lower than the blank low concentration reblank or record as zero On samples of higher concentration reblank and read again Flashing Low battery Readings Charge battery or use are reliable USB wall computer charger Low Battery Battery voltage is very Charge battery or use low Readings are not USB wall computer reliable charger Shut Down Low Battery is too low to Charge battery or use Batt Shut Down operate the unit USB wall computer charger Over range Sample is outside of Dilute sample and test acceptable range again Error High readings Dilute sample by at with 90 and 180 least 50 and retest detectors Lost in meter menus Reset to factory Follow Procedure on default settings page 9 or page 26 Unusually large Incorrect standards Use fresh 0 0 standard negative or used to calibrate in clean tube Reset positive readings meter meter to factory default when performing settings Recalibrate calibration meter STRAY LIGHT The accuracy of readings on the 2020we wi should not be
52. s for NPDWR and NPDES turbidity monitoring programs as specified by the USEPA method 180 1 ISO Compliance This 2020wi meter meets or exceeds ISO design criteria for quantitative methods of turbidity using optical turbidimeters as specified by ISO 7027 CE COMPLIANCE The 2020we and 2020wi meters have been independently tested and have earned the European CE Mark of compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety To view certificates of compliance go to the LaMotte website at www lamotte com NOTE The device complies to the product specifications for the Low Voltage Directive IP67 COMPLIANCE The 2020we wi meets IP 67 standards for protection against dust and immersion only when the USB port plug is in place Documentation is available at www lamotte com m WARRANTY LaMotte Company warrants this instrumentto be free of defects in parts and workmanship for 2 years from the date of shipment If it should become necessary to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty period contact our Technical Service Department at 1 800 344 3100 for a return authorization number or visit www lamotte com for troubleshooting help The sender is responsible for shipping charges freight insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such as misuse improper wiring operation outside of specification improper maintenance
53. t least two syringes full of deionized water through the filtering apparatus to remove foreign matter The first and second rinses should be discarded Turbidity free water as prepared with the following procedure may be stored in the dark at room temperature in a clean glass bottle with a screw cap and used as required The storage container should be rinsed thoroughly with filtered deionized water before filling The water should be periodically inspected for foreign matter in bright light Remove the plunger from the syringe 0943 Attach the filter to the bottom of the syringe Pour approximately 50 mL of deionized water into the barrel of the syringe Insert the plunger Exert pressure on the plunger to slowly force the water through the filter Collect water in the clean storage container Rinse walls of the container then discard this rinse water 47 sisAjeuy Analysis Remove the filter from the syringe Remove the plunger from the barrel This step is required to prevent rupturing the filter by the vacuum that would be created when the plunger is removed Replace the filter and repeat step 2 second rinse of the syringe and storage container Remove the filter from the syringe Remove the plunger from the barrel Replace the filter and fill the syringe with approximately 50 mL of deionized water Filter the water into the storage container and save this turbidi
54. t the appropriate range for the sample being tested Itis recommended that the meter be calibrated daily 1 Press and briefly hold 9 to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will D ata Loggin appear for about 3 seconds and the Menu will Options appear Run PC Link 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Measure Menu Measure Turbidity No Blank Turbidity With Blank 12 00 00 001 500 Press to scroll to Turbidity With Blank Turbidity No Blank Turbidity With Blank 12 00 00 001 500 Press to select Turbidity WB F Turbidity With Blank Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 37 Calibration 5 Rinse a clean tube 0290 three times with the blank If samples are expected to read below 1 NTU the meter should be blanked with a 0 NTU Primary Standard or prepared turbidity free 0 1 NTU water For the most accurate results use the same tube for the blank and the sample Fill the tube to the fill line with the blank Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles Cap the tube Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lint free cloth Open the meter lid Insert the tube into the chamber Align the index line on the tube with the index arrow on the meter Close the lid 38 3 Press to scan the blank The screen will display Blank Done for about 1 second and then return to the
55. tion to field crew to perform the data collection and analysis according to the required project frequency o Field Crew are responsible for performing SOPs clearly documenting data and relaying data and observations collected from monitoring activities Frequency of SOP Meter calibration and measurement procedures described in this SOP must be followed each day that field measurements are performed References to Existing Source Documents This SOP references the LaMotte 2020we wi Portable Turbidimeter User Manual located in Appendix 1 of this procedure 1 file S D290_Inventory D290_T 20Turbidity 20Monitoring Reports LaMotte2020weT urbidityMeterMan ual html Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 This SOP is also adapted from information provided in the following sources 1 Standard Operating Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity pH Dissovled Oxygen and Conductivity Final Report 2012 Caltrans Division of Enviornmenal Analysis MS 27 PO Box 942874 Sacramento CA 94272 0001 available for download at http www dot ca gov hq construc stormwater Caltrans_SOPs_CD pdf Special Cautions and Considerations Health and Safety Proper gloves must be worn to both prevent alteration of the field measurements and to protect sampling personnel from environmental hazards The user should wear at least one layer of gloves but two layers help protect against leaks All glo
56. ttery voltage is too low for proper operation and accuracy may be degraded A Shutdown Low Batt message on the display will appear for a few seconds before the power is switched off when the battery is too low to operate the unit 11 To extend the battery life Shut down the unit with the power switch when not taking measurements or use the power save option to have the unit automatically turn off after 5 minutes e Store the unit in a cool dry place Fully charge the battery before storing the unit for extended periods of time Limit backlight use The unit consumes 3X normal power with the backlight on Set backlight time option to 10 seconds select Button Control and keep the backlight off Battery replacement The lithium ion battery used in this unit should last for many years with normal use When it no longer powers the unit long enough to meet testing requirements it will need to be replaced Lithium ion batteries that are properly charged and stored do not usually lose all capacity they just have less capacity after hundreds of charge cycles This unit uses a custom battery assembly that is only available from LaMotte Company Battery replacement must be performed at a LaMotte authorized repair facility The water resistant housing of this meter should not be opened by the user Contact LaMotte Company by phone 1 800 344 3100 or email tech lamotte com for a return authorization number 12 TURBI
57. ty WB F Calibration and save the calibration Press G to scroll and select Factory Setting to revertto Scan Blank the factory calibration The Scan Sample meter will momentarily display mnm Storing and return to the Turbidity Without Blank menu The calibration has now been saved and the meter can be used for testing 001 500 NOTE Forthe greatest accuracy during the calibration procedure be sure that after the meter is blanked and the blank is scanned as a sample the reading is 0 00 If not reblank the meter and scan the blank again until it reads 0 00 When scanning the calibration standards as the sample scan the calibration standard three times removing the tube from the chamber after each scan and reinserting the tube in the chamber with the same orientation The readings should be consistent Use the last consistent reading to calibrate the meter If the readings are not consistent avoid using an aberrant reading to calibrate the meter B ANALYSIS WITHOUT BLANKING PROCEDURE To obtain the most accurate results the meter should be blanked before measuring a sample The blanking step is not as critical for samples above 10 NTU The meter should always be blanked before reading samples below 10 NTU Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on The Measure LaMotte logo screen will D ata Loggin appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will Options appear Run PC Link 12 00 0
58. ty free water Repeat Step 5 until the desired amount of turbidity free water has been collected TESTING TIPS 1 2 3 Samples should be collected in a clean glass or polyethylene container Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection Gently mix sample by inverting before taking a reading but avoid introducing air bubbles For the most precise results follow the recommended procedure 48 10 Lt 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 for wiping a filled tube before placing it in the meter chamber Invert tube very slowly and gently three times to mix the sample Surround the tube with a clean lint free cloth Press the cloth around the tube Rotate the tube in the cloth three times to assure that all areas ofthe tube have been wiped Discard tubes that have significant scratches and imperfections in the light pass zones Central zone between bottom and fill line When reading very low turbidity samples do not use tubes or caps that have been used previously with high turbidity samples Use the averaging option for low level measurements of turbidity The meter should be placed on a surface that is free from vibrations Vibrations can cause high readings Turbidity readings will be affected by electric fields around motors Carbon in the sample will absorb light and cause low readings Excessive color in a sample will absorb light and cause low read
59. ube with the index arrow on the meter Close the lid Press 3 to scan the Turbidity WB F standard The screen will display Reading for about 1 0 09 NTU second The result will appear on the screen Scan Blank Scan Sample 12 00 00 001 500 NOTE The meter will remember the last scanned blank reading It is not necessary to scan a blank each time the test is performed To use the previous blank reading instead of scanning a new one scroll to Scan Sample and proceed For the most accurate results the meter should be blanked before each test and the same tube should be used for the blank and the reacted sample B DILUTION PROCEDURES If a sample is encountered that is more than 4000 NTU or FNU a careful dilution with 0 NTU FNU or very low turbidity water will bring the sample into an acceptable range However there is no guarantee that halving the concentration will exactly halve the NTU or FNU value Particulates often react in an unpredictable manner when diluted Turbidity Free Water The definition of low turbidity and turbidity free water has changed as filter technology has changed and nephelometric instruments have become more sensitive At one time turbidity free water was defined as water that had passed through a 0 6 micron filter Now 0 1 micron filters are available and higher purity water is possible Water that has been passed through a 0 1 micron filter could be considered particle free and therefore turbidity f
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61. ves must be powder free Disposable polyethylene nitrile or non talc latex gloves are acceptable for field measurements CAUTIONS When performing measurements in areas of unknown water quality especially in waters that are suspected to contain hazardous substances or human pathogens at least one layer of gloves shall be of the long cuff variety to cover the wrist and forearm to limit skin contact with the source water Standard Operation Procedures for Manual Field Measurement of Turbidity 2013 Methods Procedures This SOP pertains to manual measurement of turbidity in the field only Equipment For field measurement of turbidity at NPSWCD sites the specified equipment is the LaMotte Portable Turbidimeter Model 2020we which is equipped with a complete kit ready for turbidity measurement in the field Other equipment items also are required for personal safety sample collection field data recording and Quality Control purposes A complete list of required equipment for field measurement of turbidity is provided in the checklist below Standard Equipment and Supplies Checklist O OOOO 000000 0 Hardhat Safety vest Box of powder free gloves Long cuff gloves as necessary Scientific Calculator Write In The Rain Notebook Field Meter Calibration Record Form Field Measurement Data Form Pencil s amp Pen s Digital Camera Flashlight Extra batteries Deionized water for rinsing a

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