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1. 44 IN THIS GBABTER 5 rta Ede eerte eco Pee ovde Deas dV rede pU 44 TOOLS USED IN STATECHART DIAGRAMS 1 nnne nnne nnn nnne nen nens 44 WHAT IS ASTATECHART BIAGRAM 5 45 COMPONENTS STATECHART DIAGRAM 4 enema 45 Class CONTAINER sic sita ae oo nca cob Dose eub tr Toe ous te Pete ri Dope Put d ves Ode 45 State iit etg eei enn eb e ve ve t a e re e e eed E Ra CERA US 45 Concurrent State vou rer ce c Ae eoa XR TERR 46 Start Stalna tet ed Ov ev I Geo ad eru gt 46 SIKO RE 46 History States e EI 47 dee MUTTER 47 How TO CREATE STATECHART DIAGRAM 22 nennen enne nnn 47 Class Cohtallier zero eR eot c ev at t e 47 State Objects wwii ae eh aa teer edens 47 e T re ERE E nn 47 oda tet d or lane ose uci vr eiae de aa tee Eon deeds deed ert etta 48 WHAT IS ALLOWED ON STATECHART DIAGRAM nne nnn nnne nnn 48 How TO USE START STATE STOP STATE AND HISTORY STATE 07
2. 35 IN THIS CHAPTER deor e e v do 227 35 TOOLS USED IN OBJECT SEQUENCE 1 5 35 WHAT IS AN OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM nnne nnn nnne anne nnn n nnn 36 COMPONENTS OF AN OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM eene nn rrtt rrtt nnne nnn nnn nnda 36 Nel ERR E DD EEUU 36 External pon cud 36 Scenario rir inal ee as a eis Aa 36 CAS Sis stun Eun 36 Cou vas Ole ted vd 37 aoe adn eine ada nd nia deere 38 A message to self dero Uem e urbe ee 39 How CREATE AN OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM nnne nnne nnn nnn 39 Scenario Doundaly tri ret e eve Uns dan eo deep ee ey eee nto 39 Create ClasS689 5 39 fon 39 Poi 39 Draw Classes ete eet d a HP EE TER ak eh dE eee D VOTE Yes 40 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 ii User Manual Elixir CASE 43 WHAT IS ALLOWED ON AN OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM sisse 43 WHAT IS NEXT dee a n ped ipa ja Fee x d iud 43 CHAPTER 6 STATECHART 1
3. 73 EdiE Method te E eo eie 73 APPRENDI X gt 2 22 2222 corteo neces e eoo Er RROKA TARS eiie 74 TTHEXDIAGRAM PAGE debet eon PNE Pee dur QE a Det 74 Identity penes e ee 74 bici Morel ID 75 ipse S 76 Background Image e RE o Ne 76 GENERAL OBJECTS rS 77 Diagram ict utet pc edes a E heh 71 U SOR et 77 MIM AQ teet 79 Eure 79 79 ore E 79 SHOFECUE dot ec ret de ct dcr verd deat 80 oL e cR onte 80 OTHER PROPERTY ERR 82 urs EE 82 Fields General itte cial A hoe revo 83 Se Sots EE 84 pe 85 Identity With ACtiVity 85 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 iv User Manual Elixir CASE I dentity with Patent VERTU a 86 Interactions D vade Price fr er rh o re gu Pre pe a EP e Cu Ces a Pru 86 Methods cepit Papa ta 87 Methods Gerleral eR EAT cere Er et ede Pe
4. 48 STAM STATS s ed aee Du tub dk 48 History State ae ot edat ru Galas 49 Stop State eed eee Pul e Re cea hat MERE 49 SIMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN TEXTUAL 4 50 WHAT HAS NEXT prr m E va Ec ei 50 CHAPTER 7 CLASS 51 BEES Pad e A T 51 TOOLS USED IN CLASS DIAGRAMS enc eer st end e b bed a ce t P E PL T RE 51 WHATISA GEASS DIAGRAM icc cones rre pe baa ea rr aea ERR E ER E PC re T Ra 52 COMPONENTS OF A CLASS DIAGRAM 4 52 rU 52 Class ede ev cete do rude der 52 tet faces s s demere eh E ced rc Ro ac e ep n a v eme re ve 53 Package oo ER p WE Ebo i Ee p pete odere eig as 53 Relatioriship irte th tret ido t o oret d rna 53 INSSOCIACI ON ss e rna 53 SAID T D T mU UM 54 How TO CREATE A CLASS DIAGRAM nnn nnn 54 Package pre HERE ERICH Aah RT ade ER aioe
5. MARRE 8 WHATIS A SPECIFICATION EDITOR pea Le uid 8 Specification eee 9 0 61 gt E 9 5 THE MENU a i dec 11 CASE previously LOREx2 menu eee 11 COMMIS 2 11 IBI Ir naseege EE 11 Specification Editors yeti riore rer pet Ur oot qe Ue epe ide pe Eo eae 12 Print Setup uec P rere read Beene hag EY SE E REPRE Ug Be 12 df ate Lr Rane 13 import GlaSSES 224s PEE 14 Commit eed de Cabe terrae 14 Exit without saving changes 14 Edit menu Optio on E EOD Re n E ORE AUR 15 15 15 al a a 15 15 PlugIn menu 15 EXport I edet ere er ridere peter epa 15 Java Code Generator orent o mel RR E enun dre PARE E RR Uma ee ARAS 18 EXE T dva Ene uet ide VER 18
6. Figure 1 1 above shows the first screen you see when you launch Elixir CASE From here you have the option to create a new database or to open an existing database Chapter 2 presents an overview of Elixir CASE and in chapter 3 we will learn how to get around the tool Installation on Macintosh Ensure that a recent MRJ is installed 2 Ensure that Swing is installed If necessary download from JavaSoft and install swingall jar in System Folder Extensions MRJLibraries MRJClasses 3 Unzip the ElixirCASE zip file with Stuffit or a similar tool This produces an ElixirCASE jar and a few supporting files Launch JBindery an MRJ application In the Command page of JBindery fill in the class name com elixirtech CASE Set Redirect stdout to Message Window In the Classpath page click zip File and choose the ElixirCASE jar file In the Appearance page select Size boxes intrude In the Application page set the Creator Id to ELX1 Choose Save Settings and name the file ElixiiGASE Quit JBindery and double click the ElixirCASE application that it has generated to start Elixir CASE o 2 Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 2 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 2 Elixir CASE Overview More than a Diagramming Tool Elixir CASE is more than just a diagramming tool The main difference is that every graphic on a diagram is a representation of the
7. 41 To add further 41 OID after the invocation of Loan create Member BookCopy 42 Completed Borrow a Book 42 Tools for Statechart diagramS 2 2 nne 44 Cornicurrent States scie enii ett one a dn RO v ea EL e a a ed ta 46 Start States osos RR ATE ARR CE ERE ER ARR FR cist 48 Distinct Stop States i2 ite evo ee tabe ER P EA 49 State Diagram with Implicit Stop 49 The State Transition of Class Stopwatch using 5 50 Tools for Class DiaQrAMs 51 Types of Associations on a Class 54 Pop up Menu of a connector linking class to 55 Extends relationship 55 neon an I 56 Association between Classes Reservation and 56 Cross package 55 0 2 1 eene 57 Library System Policy iet Pi ass 59 Library System 1 lt 60 Borrow a Book 55 63 Return a Book 64 Reserve a Book 55 64 Collect
8. Where Comment Default printer Ready Apple LaserWriter LPT1 Print window for Windows platform Properties Print to file m Print range All ides Copies Number of copies a lj 212 313 Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 13 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Import Classes This function allows you to select Java classes and reverse engineer them into the UML model Activating it will call up an Import window as shown in Figure 3 10 Figure 3 10 Import Classes Directory JariZip Directory D library 3 Recursive Import directory The function allows importing of all Java classes in a directory as well as a jar file and zip file The import is done with a commit and is not reversible To remove the classes packages imported you are able to delete them Classes in one package for example the library package will automatically be stored in the database as the package library After importing them you will be able to see them in the Specification Editor You will also be able to use them in your system Note These classes take up quite a lot of space Therefore you may like to remove them if they are not being used To do so you can just delete them from the Specification Editor Importing can be quite a long operation and requires considerable memory To import a
9. CASE previously LOREX2 menu option The following commands are available under the Elixir CASE menu option Commit This allows you to commit changes without exiting from Elixir CASE This should be performed regularly as it prevents the loss of data in the case of machine failure It also reduces memory requirement by saving changes to disk Diagram Editor As mentioned above the Diagram Editor refers to the area where you draw your diagrams Upon activation of this command the last accessed diagram page will appear Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 11 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Specification Editor The Specification Editor provides you with a directory listing of all the objects that exist in the database as described above Upon activation of this command the Specification Editor screen will appear Print Setup The Print Setup allows you to set up the print configuration such as page width and height margin widths and header and footer widths as shown in Figure 3 7 The dimensions are in pixels Figure 3 7 Print Configuration Print Configuration Page width 7 45 Page height 11 075 Left margin 40 Right margin 1 0 Top margin 1 0 Bottom margin 10 Header height 45 Footer height 45 Zoom percent 0 Java2 Setup Print Test Save Close The Java2 Setup button is to open the Java 2 page setup dialog as in Figure 3 8 The Print Test bu
10. Description E Cancel Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 74 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Draw Order A diagram page consists of object graphics and these graphics would have to be drawn on the screen one by one Therefore Draw Order refers to the order in which each object graphic is drawn For example in Figure B 2 i Package A is drawn before Class A and Class A before Class B On a diagram they will look as in Figure B 2 ii So the earlier it is drawn the lower it will be in the list Figure B 2 i Draw Order tab page Properties Identity Draw Order Background Image Association Class A gt Class B Class B Class A Package OK Cancel Figure B 2 ii Corresponding Diagram showing the object graphics on the page The left section of the Draw Order tab page shows all the object graphics in their draw order On the right side there are 5 buttons These are the operations to allow us to change the draw order of the objects You need to select one object from the list by highlighting it and these operations will work on that selected object as described in the table below Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 75 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Operations Action Top To place the object at the top of the list that is it will be on top of all objects Raise To swap position of the object with the one above it so th
11. 2 1 62 28 For Windows environment 28 WAAT IS 28 CHAPTER 4 USE CASE 5 29 IN TRIS GHAPTER 25 er HERE EBERT RES REA RECTE 29 TOOLS SED IN U SE CASE DIAGRAMS 4 endete Donor cra paruo tei 29 WHAT IS A USE CASE DIAGRAM eene nnne nnne nnne nna n nni sns nnn nnn na 30 COMPONENTS OF A USE CASE DIAGRAM nn nn nnne nini nnne nnn nnda 30 Mel Nr ES 30 USE CASE PLE 30 External System ede Ut o re ine een Chalets 31 Activity bouridary Cete RU Ae er 31 HOW TO CREATE A USE CASE DIAGRAM 7 rane eet ert po ease a naa a 31 Activity bouhdaly re Dec RE pU re HERE 31 Use Case Actor and External System sse 31 31 DICE HE 32 LINCO eL RM 33 WHAT IS ALLOWED FOR USE CASE DIAGRAMS 33 WHATS NEXT Ns tet tese tatu dole a vut wl 34 CHAPTER 5 OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
12. 54 Class Container and Class iin coo c Tn t erre t rr e t D va Eee c E E 55 Relationship between classes 0000 nn nennen 55 Extends Pe ect da e te e be Ure E ta ROC PR RATER EP 56 IERI DOLI TDI UIDES 56 Relationship between 57 WHAT IS ALLOWED ON A CLASS DIAGRAM 4 nennen nennen nnns 57 WHAT IS NEXT one dette acr rV Pee sse V bte 57 CHAPTER 8 THE LIBRARY 5 58 ANALYSIS coi oar dass E beats cases Pera a dur eiue ovata 58 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 iii User Manual Elixir CASE OB ECT IDENTIFICATION PHASE ue tA Ya or RARE MU 58 Use Case Diagratms eiue eret rne Re EH Y e ni Re D ce S d cg 58 Library Loan Policies iieri ooh rer re ee is AE erre 59 Library Reservation Policies coti rhe ise t t t c e t eet 59 Textual Description of Basic nne 60 Textual Description of Administration 62 No n Arialysis or ete E ipn De UD ea acide tine eke 63 BEHAVIOURAL MODELLING PHASE er etna ren ne ERR n Ya Fea AR ERE 63 Object Sequence diagrams
13. Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 84 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Note There are 2 other General tab pages which are called up by the Methods and Fields tab pages They have a different set of functions which are specific to their respective calling tab pages Therefore we cover them under their respective sections Identity with Activity As you can see in Figure B 11 there is an additional field Activity under this variant of the Identity tab page This activity field is applicable for use cases and scenarios It is to allow a use case or scenario to be linked relinked to an activity Figure B 11 Identity tab page with Activity field Properties x Identity Trigger User Name Description a Book use case for Elixir Library Policy Use Case Diagram Activity Elixir Library Administration Elixir Library Palicy Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 85 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Identity with Parent This is another variant of the Identity tab page with an additional field Parent This Parent field is applicable for activities the different state objects and packages It allows reparenting of the object model Figure B 12 Identity tab page with Parent field Properties Ea Identity User Name Elixir Library Policy Activity object model for Elixir Library Policy Description
14. Parent Elixir Library Administration Interactions Please refer to the section under Trigger Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 86 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Methods The Methods tab page can be found under the Properties of a Role External System Class Class Container and Interface On the left of the tab page will be listed the methods of the current class On the right side there are 3 buttons to allow you to Add Edit or Delete a method refer to Figure B 13 If you choose to add a new method or edit an existing method you will be brought to another window the Properties window for method see Figure B 14 Figure B 13 Methods tab page Properties Ea Identity General Methods Fields User Book addReservation Book getPendingCopy Book copyAvailable Book removeReservation Methods General First let us look at the Methods General tab page whose fields are explained in the table Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 87 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure B 14 Methods Sub properties window upon choosing Add or Edit button Properties x General Interactions User Signature poid addReservation 0 Description a Access Public 7 Modifiers Abstract Deprecated Final Native Static Synchronized ox Cancel Field Description Signature Refers to prototypes which includ
15. You may to view Elixir Filter only objects of certain prefixes To filter enter the prefix in the blank field provided and click Elixir Library Administration Elixir Library Policy on the Filter button In the Choose Object window all the Activities beginning with Elbir js displayed Select Cancel 4 You may have noticed that on the Toolbox each time after you finished drawing a use case say on the page the use case object type on the Toolbox will no longer be highlighted Instead Selection is highlighted This is in expectation that you will not want to draw another use case immediately after However if you wish to do so Elixir CASE provides the Shift key to overcome the default setting as follows 4 1 Using the mouse highlight the object type that you want to draw on the Toolbox 4 2 Then pressing the Shift key draw the object graphic on the page as per normal 4 3 When this is done the object type on the Toolbox is still highlighted You continue to draw another of the same object type on the page 5 If an object graphic on the page is selected that is you see green handles on it you can actually use the arrow keys lt T J gt to move it around 6 Naming Convention of Object Graphics on the Diagrams Objects on the diagrams are differentiated by the naming convention as follows 6 1 Independent Objects and First level Container Objects Copyrigh
16. eene enne ene 63 Pre conditions and 5 2 65 edet ee deer a v eene auto 66 MORE OBJECT SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS AND STATECHART DIAGRAMS AFTER CYCLICAL ANALYSIS 67 Cancel Reservation i Eee e A 68 STRUCTURE MODELLING PHASE nnne nns ka RR a a Ra a dd Ra a da 69 Class Diagrams 2 5 id e ee e uic Up e de 69 EXERCISE EE 70 APPENDIX 5 71 71 onm 71 Delete Graphic so on rrt EU Det loe Herne ae DEED an deir ede eat 71 Delete Objects iuc REC TR EIER I e REPRE Er EORR uie cd eO rari 72 Specification ea iaaea a a 72 SHOW COTITIGCLOTS 2 22s oot cete E Sent O A 3d 72 Show COn tents e ert eit ie at vr et 72 Add Node eon best re 73 Delete nc 73 nonazripme c 73 Edit Field name sien en etie tene ets mente parten ehe 73 Add creo te Pesto facete Pre
17. Export Import The Export and Import facilities work together They allow you to share your data among different developers or project teams You can export graphics data as well as model data in your Elixir CASE repository into XML format and then import them into another Elixir CASE repository The XML Export Import comes complete with a DTD The DTD is included in the distribution of Elixir CASE and should be placed in the directory holding the XML file so that the XML can be validated during import Note Sun s XML parser must be on your classpath in order to import The latest version is available at http www javasoft com Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 15 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 3 11 Export Objects rExports CAEKCASE LIibSys odb Home Page 1 Loan C boolean char I double 7 float amp int I long short C4 void Add Export Remove Export byte Loan CI Home Page 1 7 Home Page Created by Agnes Loan Necessary Imports Home Page 1 Loan Figure 3 11 shows the Export dialog box To export an object or diagram select it from the list of Objects and click on the Add Export button The Remove Export button allows you to deselect your selection In the example above the Loan shape on the HomePage diagram is selected for export Note
18. where it shows the various tools provided by Elixir CASE Figure 3 2 Elixir CASE Title Bar Menu Bar Tool Bar Toolbox y LUREx2 Library System b Connector ea c 3 2 X General BH UseCaseDiagram BH SequenceDiagram 8 Q Statechart Diagram 8 Class Diagram Bi This area is a Diagram Page Status Bar What is a Home Page The Home Page is the first page you see when you start up Elixir CASE It is identified by a yellow note posted at the top left hand corner of the page as in Figure 3 3 The note tells you who created the Home Page and when it was created You can edit this note Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 6 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Basically the main components of an Elixir CASE screen are the Title Bar the Menu Bar The Tool Bar the Toolbox the Diagram Page and the Status Bar The Title Bar tells you which diagram you are on The Diagram Page is where you draw the diagrams and the Status Bar shows the status of your current processing and also doubles up as the message line The Menu Bar Tool Bar and Toolbox are tools to assist us in the drawing of the diagram We will see them later What you see on the screen is just a portion of a page A page is not just limited to the screen size You are able to scroll up or down left or right using the scroll bars Of course you are not limited to just one page You can easily create as many diagram pages
19. Member m Bobk b getReservation 0 theckvallabiliy 0 Message E EB Reservation Book boolean canBorrow com Q getAddress 0 setNotifiedStatus 0 Elixir CASE Scenario to Notify Member of Availability of Reserved Book Member A message is represented by an arrow flowing from one lifeline to another It is the means by which an object invokes activates another object It is labelled with the name of the service to be requested which we will call MessageName Figure 5 3 shows the use of the various message notation Message Notation Notation Syntax Description Argument Passing MessageName arg f argn To pass arguments between the objects MessageName Indicates that the message is sent to a class rather than an instance of the class Return Values Returned messages are implicit and are not represented by arrows The return type of a method is indicated at the arrow as shown in Figure 5 3 where Book checkAvailabililty returns a boolean value Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 38 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE A message to self An object can send messages to itself An example of when an object would need to call itself is when it requires another service that itself provides In Figure 5 3 the Reservation class calls itself 3 times firstly to getReservation
20. This allows us to define a shortcut to a bookmark You can have more than 1 shortcut to a bookmark for ease in navigation between diagrams Available options or commands that can be performed on a Shortcut Shortcut Properties Delete Graphic The Tool Bar is just a Click Away The Tool Bar provides shortcuts to certain oft used functions available under the Menu Bar and Toolbox Figure 3 18 shows all the tools in the Tool Bar with their function names Figure 3 18 Tool Bar ga LOREx2 Elixir Library Gf x LOREx2 Edi Plugin Hae 2 X Bookmark List Diagram Printer LOREx2 Specification Back Home Help Editor Status Bar Copyright 1997 CE Elixir Technology Pte Ltd All the tools work the same way as described in the Menu Bar Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 24 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Bookmark Listing Clicking on the bookmark object in the Tool Bar will bring up a Bookmarks window listing all the existing bookmarks for all the projects created in the database See Figure 3 19 One difference to note is that the Bookmark in the Toolbox is to create a bookmark whereas the Bookmark List on the Tool Bar is to allow you to recall the bookmark s as described below Figure 3 19 List of Bookmarks Selecting a bookmark will bring you to the area of the page where the bookmark object is What is the Status of The statu
21. a kind of book as shown in Figure 7 2 How To Create A Class Diagram Package First you may like to provide a package to contain the classes We can do that using the Package tool from the Toolbox to create a new package or to call up an existing one Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 54 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Class Container and Class Next we can add in the classes or class container as required Most classes might have been created before therefore do check before creating a new class as we do not want to have 2 definitions of the same class Hint Do a lt Ctrl gt Click to create graphical view of an existing class A class container is a class Therefore if both class container and class object graphics are required for the diagrams creation of the class needs to be done only once either through the class tool or class container tool on the Toolbox Therefore do be careful when creating objects not only for classes but other objects as well Note The order and position in which the objects are drawn makes a difference graphically as well as internally in the database When you draw the package first before the class with the class being within the package Elixir CASE recognizes that there is a parent child relationship between the package and the class Elixir CASE will also restrict the class to be within the boundary of the package This parent child relationship will be refle
22. as you want and still be able to easily access the pages In Figure 3 3 what you see are the diagram icons pointing to the various diagram pages that was created We will see how to create new diagram pages later using the Diagram tool from the Toolbox Figure 3 3 Home Page for a Library System LOREx2 Sample Library System Design IDE x LOREx2 Edit Plugin Go Help Hae c 3169 2 X Use Caset Use Case2 Object Elixir Library Revised Policy Administration Interaction Class Diagram Class Diagram Diagrams Reservation Original BookCopy Revised BookCopy State Transition Diagram State Transition Diagram State Transition Diagram Copyright 1397 CE Elixir Technology Pte Ltd In this way the Home Page acts as a reference page where you could refer to when you want to go from one page to another just like when you surf the Internet Another way of viewing the Home Page is as a root page with many sub pages as in an inverted tree with many branches and sub branches Now let s familiarize ourselves with the environment that we are going to work on Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 7 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is a Diagram Editor The Diagram Editor actually refers to the area where you draw and edit your diagrams The bulk of the space on the Diagram Editor is occupied by the Diagram page In addition the Diagram Editor provides the Toolbox with which you work as
23. has the following components Class A class is a structure that contains fields methods and semantics It is the basic building block of an object oriented system The class symbol is a blue rectangular box The box can be segmented up to 3 sections one above another The sections are described as follows Sections Description Class Name Name used to identify the class and is thus compulsory Fields The fields and data belonging to the class Methods The methods available for the particular class Figure 5 2 in Chapter 5 shows some examples of fields and methods that are provided by the class Book A class may be classified We do this using class Stereotypes Stereotypes are represented at the top right hand corner of a class object as shown in Figure 5 2 in Chapter 5 Stereotypes are useful in that it shows at a glance what kind of function the class performs The stereotype may also be incorporated into the codes during code generation Class Container A class container is just an alternative graphical representation of a class On a class diagram a class container is used to contain other classes that is you can create a class classes inside a class container For example the class Dialog may contain an inner class ButtonPressBehaviour As we have seen in the previous chapter a class container can also contain states in it Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 52 of 9
24. large jar or zip file it is recommended that you extract the files into directories and import the chosen directories For large imports you may need to increase the mx32m option to 64m 64 megabytes if your machine has the required RAM Commit and exit This is to commit all changes made since the last commit Exit without saving changes This is to abort all changes made since the last commit Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 14 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Edit menu option Undo This function allows you to undo your changes up to virtually infinite times as long as you have not committed your changes Redo This function allows you to redo a series of previously undone actions as long as you have not committed your changes Select all When activated on the Diagram Editor it will select all the objects drawn on the page It is disabled on the Specification Editor Delete Graphics This command deletes the object from the page but its model object still exists in the database Links from or to the deleted object will also be deleted from only the page However there are exceptions The Bookmark Image Note and Shortcut objects have no model object behind them They are regarded as graphics only Therefore a Delete Graphic command will remove them completely from the page and the database You can still recover them by Undo ing but not after a commit is done Plug In menu option
25. membership information The librarian locates the reservation and removes it If the reservation cannot be found no action needs to be taken OID6 Cancel a Reservation Cancel a Reservation B B Reservation Member Book cancel 0 depNoReservatig hs 0 removeReservation 0 gt As a final validation a statechart diagram for the Reservation class has been created Reservations is also a major class in the library system STD Reservation Statechart diagram In the Reservation statechart diagram the transition from the Reservation class container to the Stop state illustrates a powerful feature of UML The transition is inherited by all sub Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 68 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE states namely Unfulfilled and Fulfilled and hence saves having to clutter the diagram with additional transitions Structure Modelling Phase Class Diagrams The last step of the analysis phase is to produce the class diagram We first obtain a first cut diagram by transformation from the OIDs that we have previously drawn We first draw all the classes that have been used in the OIDs Then we the links in the OIDs For example in OID 1 Loan calls Member and BookCopy This relationship is also drawn in the Class Diagram as shown We then proceed to OID 2 to do likewise This process is repeated until all the OIDs have been traversed Thus we obtain our first c
26. real data held inside the object database This makes it possible for a class to be shown on more than one diagram It offers some obvious benefits Such as if you were to change the name of a class all of the graphics will be updated to show the new name In Elixir CASE it not only means all graphics of the class will be updated but that all constructors which have the same name as the class and all methods that take a parameter return a result or throw an exception of that class will also be consistently maintained Most CASE tools even with an object database behind do not have such a completely unified representation Java Support Elixir CASE is written entirely in Java and is intended solely for Java developers It does not have a common denominator approach whereby only features supported by all languages are acceptable In Java you can specify synchronized methods transient fields and so on as Elixir CASE captures all of these Even deprecated methods are identified Being written in Java also offers other benefits You can see what is possible in pure Java and maybe use some ideas for your own systems Also we have portability across all Java 1 1 and 1 2 compliant machines Of course there are a few limitations as a result of our pure Java stance We are not able to support copying of graphics to the clipboard yet because it is not operational in Java 1 1 We are ready to add support for this as soon as it becomes possible
27. removed and choose the Delete Node command from the popup menu When you delete a node the connector will spring back into a straight line at the 2 adjacent nodes Add Field This command will only appear if the mouse is clicked when the pointer is on the Field section of a class object It will call up the Fields sub Property window to allow you to add a new field to the class Edit Fieldname On a class object we can choose to make visible some or all the fields available in the class such that they are shown on the class object on the diagram page as in Figure A 1 refer to Appendix B Show tab page The Edit Fieldname command will appear when you click on a particular field It will call up the Fields sub Property window to allow you to make changes to the current field On Figure A 1 the mouse was clicked on the Availability field and the Edit Availability command appears in the popup menu Add Method This command will only appear if the mouse is clicked when the pointer is on the Methods section of a class object It will call up the Methods sub Property window to allow you to add a new method to the class Edit Method On a class object we can choose to make visible some or all the methods available in the class such that they are shown on the class object on the diagram page refer to Appendix B Show tab page The Edit Method command will appear when you click on a particular method It will call up the Method
28. role represents the role of a person in the system For example in Figure 4 2 Member and Librarian are 2 roles in the Library System Use Case A system needs to be broken down into discrete functions Each of these functions will be represented as a use case In Figure 4 2 Borrow a Book Return a Book Reserve a Collect a Reservation and Use Catalog are use cases Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 30 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE External System An external system is an object that interacts with the system but is not part of the System It can be another system providing input to or accepting output from the System in question Activity boundary An Activity boundary has 2 functions To cluster the activities into logical groups To separate the external systems from the use cases An Activity boundary is green in colour as opposed to the other diagrams which you will encounter in subsequent chapters How To Create A Use Case Diagram Activity boundary Firstly we will need to draw the Activity boundary Drawing the Activity boundary is like drawing a General object Described in Chapter 3 Great Finds in the Toolbox General Objects First you have to select Activity from the Toolbox Then position your mouse on any part of the blank page and click your mouse once and drag it to the desired size Upon releasing the mouse button the Activity boundary wi
29. shown in Figure 3 2 What is a Specification Editor The Specification Editor provides you with a directory listing of all the object models that reside in the database and all the objects that are drawn on the diagram page Figure 3 4 The Specification Editor fas LOREx2 Specification Editor LOREx2 Edi Plugin Help gt 59 2 X Path Specification Mode CALOREx2Wibrary odb v Flat Deprecated Private copy Print Diagrams Copyright 1997 CE Elixir Technology Pte Ltd The Specification Editor is separated into 2 adjacent panes The Left Pane shows the listing of all the objects that have been defined in the current database and their hierarchy The Path field shows the full path of the currently selected object If you know the full path of the object that you want to see you can also enter it in this field to select the object This field is case sensitive Elixir CASE has a standard path format FirstObject object objectn where FirstObject can be a Home Page or Diagram which points to a page or an object this is at level object f objectn are the objects that are on level 1 level n the point is the delimiter to indicate the hierarchy Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 8 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE There are 2 parts to the hierarchical listing of the objects The first part has the heading of C El
30. that this is not the Loan class The Necessary Imports box lists all the objects that you would also require when you import the selected object s In order to import the Loan shape into a database Home Page 1 as well as the Loan class has to be available in the database To export the objects just click the Export button and the Close button to close the Export dialog box Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 16 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 3 12 Import Look in CiEcasE es D ExpSem xml D HomePage xml 3 Lib HP xml 3 Loan D a1 xml 3 File name Loan shxml Import Files of type Elixir CASE XML data Cancel Figure 3 12 shows the Import dialog An exported file has the extension In the diagram the Loan sh xml is selected for import When an XML file is imported it needs to locate the nodes to which the data to be imported is connected In each XML file there is an imports section which lists what needs to be found in the target database Resolution is by node type such as Class Method State HomeDiagram and so on and name of the object In the case where the import function is not able to match the nodes an Import Mapper dialog will appear to allow you to manually match the objects Figure 3 13 Import Mapper Vas Import Mapper Unresolved Type elixir lorex2 nodes HomeDiagr
31. 5 User Manual Elixir CASE A Class Container has 2 distinct sections Section Description Class Name To identify the class Body To contain the inner classes if any The difference between a class and a class container is that a class shows all the fields and methods of a class while a class container is able to show the inner classes and states of the class Interfaces An interface is a class with no implementation and therefore has method declarations but no method bodies and no fields Package A package is a mechanism used to break down a system into smaller more manageable subsystems Classes which are associated to each other in such a way that they model a logical process or module of the system are grouped into packages A dependency between 2 packages exists if any dependencies exists between any 2 classes in the packages 2 or more packages may be interdependent on each other and they exist on the same level Because of this interdependency it is possible to have cyclic dependencies which is also supported by Elixir CASE Relationship The relationship between 2 objects is represented by a line linking one object to another using the Connector tool from the Toolbox There are 2 basic types of relationships between classes as follow Association The relationship between 2 objects is referred to as an Association For example a book has a reservation a person works for a comp
32. 8 Image tab page for an Image object 79 Text tab page for a Note object 80 Shortcut tab page for the Shortcut object 80 Eields tab page e i Died e ine enit 82 Fields Sub Properties window upon choosing Add or Edit button 83 General tab ede e Rr cere denas 84 Identity tab page with Activity 85 Identity tab page with Parent field 86 Methods tab Page nn nennen enne enne 87 Methods Sub properties window upon choosing Add or Edit button 88 Methods Interaction tab page nn nn nn i i i i iio 89 Show tab page cds se RE ae a oe ad 90 Class Book with Selected Fields and Methods and its Stereotype shown 90 State tab Dage iio beet bea peter yuan per ut 91 Transition tab page eee eet ee Ung ete RE Herb eR RE EVER TUR cbe DR 92 Trigger tab page rere retener rv ene EL exe AA 93 Interactions tab page nnne 94 Corresponding Object Sequence diagram 94 Addbnvocationa serere pe RE RERUM pee IRIS 95 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 vii User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 1 Installation Instruction This chapter explains how to install the Elixir CASE software on the
33. CASE Version 1 2 User Manual Elixir Technology Pte Ltd Web www elixirtech com Email support elixirtech com User Manual Elixir CASE CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION 1 e eene nennen nnn 1 FORD Ra RR 1 2 MDK T2 TEE 1 I NSTAELATION ON MACINTOSH anu 2 CHAPTER 2 ELIXIR CASE OVERVIEW eren nennen nnn nnnm nnn 3 MORE THAN A DIAGRAMMING 3 Iz wellls au 3 50 M 3 BROWSER NTEREAGE euer Rega Tos eL doh deine MEA RE eg N 3 DESIGNER S NOTEBOOK CORR enitn tet tc eR ne ve exa 4 assu 4 REVERSEJENGINEERING vars eden Reed te DER Y ERN a REOR 4 EXTENSIBILITY des nde Dein kd de a vede tpe Desde ak dra Mts vedo ov To ege beu 4 CHAPTER 3 GETTING AROUND 1 5 INS THIS ce 5 WHAT DO AFTER LAUNCHING ELIXIR CASE 1 2 2 2 2 44 5 WHAT IS A HOMEPAGE rer teaver A OAS iene 6 WHAT IS A DIAGRAM EDITOR cereo rre era ER
34. Elixir CASE Figure B 3 Background tab page Properties Ea Identity Draw Order Background Image OK Cancel General Objects This section covers the properties of objects created using a tool under the General section of the toolbox All of these have properties except for Bookmark Diagram A Diagram has 4 tab pages as shown in Figure B 4 i The first 3 have already been covered previously Now we shall look at the User tab page User The User tab page displays the list of user defined properties for the object Examples of user defined properties are shown in Figure B 4 i and B 4 ii below You can define your own set of properties e g Expected Date of Completion Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 77 of 95 User Manual Figure B 4 i User tab page Properties Created By Elixir CASE Date Created 8 Sept 1997 Version No 1 0 y LOREx2 Specification E ditor CALOREx2Wibrary odb El Diagrams Classes for diagrams Elixir library Structure Diagram Library New OID 3 Reserve a Book E Bl BH El The fields are explained in the table OID 1 Barrow a Book OID 4 Collecta Reservation Out IsViewedBy Owns In Owns UserProperties Created By John Date Created 8 Sept 1997 Version 1 0 Fields Description Name This is a free text field where you can give a name to the iden
35. GO men Option cuero pe PR CUM REIR ARE CUR YE CHAR 19 eto rU io 19 FOFWaEQ 19 Home PAG Css saved dk 19 Help UR 19 M 19 repe LE 20 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 User Manual Elixir CASE GREAT FINDS IN THE TOOLBOX Pctro 21 TK A 22 1 d dada 22 General na d et t i el El 22 Bookmark ie o Rd tea t tw etas 22 23 23 E A Pa ARTE 23 E A 24 THE TOOL BAR IS JUST A CLICK 4 nnne nnne rn nian ne nnn nnn nnn 24 Bookmark listing cities dy ei e a 25 WHATS THE STATUS OE 5 5 oer veri cres PE REDEEM CIR EAS RR KETTE TERR 25 ACROSS THE BOARD rate ce due eds dede a dee cquo 25 How TO QUIT FROM ELIXIR CASE
36. Interface On the left of the tab page are listed the fields of the current class the right side there are buttons to allow you to Add Edit or Delete a method refer to Figure B 8 If you choose to add a new field or edit an existing field you will be brought to another Properties window a Sub properties window for Fields see Figure B 8 Figure B 8 Fields tab page Properties Ed Identity General Methods Fields User Book Title Book AuthorFirstName Book AuthorLastName Book Publisher Book ISBN Delete OK Cancel Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 82 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Fields General This tab page is to specify the characteristics of the Field which are explained in the table below Figure B 9 Fields Sub Properties window upon choosing Add or Edit button Properties General user ACCESS Modifiers Final Static Transient Volatile Name Title Type char E Default Description Title of Book OK Cancel Field Description Access Defines the access type of the field in a class Modifiers These are field modifiers Name Refers to the name of the field Type Refers to the type of the field If you click on the small box at the right it will bring you to a dialog window to choose your types Alternatively you can key in the fully qualified name of the class representing the type Default Ref
37. Reservation Pre conditions BookCopy status is Pending Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 65 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Num of Loans member lt Loan Limit 5 Post conditions BookCopy status is Borrowed Num of Loans Member Num of Loans Member 1 Num of Reservations Member Num of Reservations Member 1 Upon listing the pre and post conditions for each scenario we discovered that there was no scenario to take a book into the Pending state which is required in OID4 Actually there are two situations which can result in a Pending BookCopy In OID2 when a book is returned it is kept for the next member on the reservation list if any In OID3 in the case of phone reservation the book could already be Available Therefore upon reservation of the book its status should be changed to Pending Statechart diagrams Statechart diagrams are then produced to validate the pre and post conditions For our example we choose to produce a statechart diagram of BookCopy as it is an important class in the library system STD1 Initial BookCopy Statechart diagram The Pending State has already been incorporated into our diagram with a transition from Available state to Pending state as discussed above From the diagram we managed to find further missing transitions While checking for possible transitions from each and every of the states we realized that there should be a transition
38. Selection X Connector E General Bookmark Diagram I Image Note The tools you will Shortcut need for State Transition Diagrams Use Case Diagram Interaction Diagram State Diagram El Class Container t Concurrent State History State Start State State Stop State Class Diagram Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 44 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is a Statechart diagram Object Sequence diagrams model the behaviour of the system and in the process identifies all the objects in the system From an object sequence diagram we can see the flow of information from one object to another This flow of information constitutes a process An Object Sequence diagram therefore provides an overview of the interaction among the objects in the system In contrast in a Statechart diagram the focus is on each individual class in the system Imagine you re a doctor dissecting the body that is the system and picking out each major part of the body that is the classes to further examine it Likewise a Statechart diagram focuses on one class and models the different states that the object goes through and the events that trigger its change in states We can identify the different states of an object from studying the object sequence diagrams such as the pre conditions and post conditions for each scenario At the same time Statechart diagrams also complement Object Seque
39. Textual sections can be hidden or shown by pulling down the green handle in the middle of the state object Usually we use an adjective to name a state Concurrent State At one point of time a class may be involved in different kinds of activities leading to the possibility of it being in different kinds of states which may or may not be related For example in Figure 6 2 the Bottle class is concurrently in 2 states The bottle will continue moving and stopping through the production line regardless of whether it is empty full or sealed until it is packed and reaches its stop state Figure 6 2 Concurrent States In a STD there can be any number of concurrent states but a realistic limit is probably 2 or 3 Each concurrent state can have its own independent start and stop states Start State A start state is used to indicate the original state of the class Every STD should have a start state Stop State A stop state is used to indicate the final state of the class An STD may not always have a stop state object as there are various ways to indicate stop states Refer to the section below on How to Use Start State Stop State and History State Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 46 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE History State The history state stores the state of the class just before exiting from that state This is so that upon re entry the system can remember what was the last state a
40. UML Support Elixir CASE supports the UML notations that we have found essential for Java development Use Case Diagrams Sequential Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Class and Package Diagrams While UML contains several more notations these are occasionally esoteric variations of the mainstream diagrams Subsequent versions of Elixir CASE will add further diagrams We welcome customer feedback as to the priority for delivering them Browser Interface Elixir CASE adopts a novel interface for CASE tools a variation on the familiar browser interface The first page is referred to as the Home Diagram for the project and new diagrams can be constructed and traversed to through hyperlinks our diagram icon The tool thus supports arbitrarily complex networks of diagrams to allow any kind of partitioning of the object model To make navigation simple bookmarks and shortcuts are also provided making leaps between related diagrams a single click operation Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 3 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Designer s Notebook Rather than restrict as all other CASE tools do to a single diagram per page Elixir CASE allows any combination of pictures just like a designer s notebook The tool is also intelligent enough to determine what connector types are appropriate between different graphics to avoid presenting the user with a slew of arrow variations where the onus is on the user to remember the ofte
41. Unix Linux and Windows NT 98 95 platforms Mac installation is quite different and is detailed in a later section in this chapter Elixir CASE is provided as a jar file For example for Elixir CASE version 1 2 4 the full release name is ElixirCASE 1 2 4 jar while the Lite version is ElixirCASE 1 2 4 Lite jar NOTE Please ensure that your system already has an installed Java runtime that supports JDK version 1 1 and above For JDK 1 1 First you ll need to add the ElixirCASE jar file to your class path To launch Elixir CASE type the following at the system prompt java mx32m noclassgc elixir CASE For Java 2 JDK 1 2 No installation is required To launch Elixir CASE type the following at the system prompt java mx32m jar ElixirCASE 1 2 4 jar Use ElixirCASE 1 2 4 Lite jar if you are installing the Lite version For Windows users you may double click on the jar file to launch the software It is recommended that you run from a console the first time to test your setup as error messages are lost when you launch from Windows Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 1 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 1 1 Elixir CASE Start Screen Welcome to Elixir CASE Ioj x Newdatabase Open database Elixir CASE ver 1 2 2 a User Agnes OS Windows 95 DK Version 1 2 2 ClassPath C ELKCASE ELIXIR 1 JAR Reading settings from CAWINDOYVYS ElixirCASE
42. Use Case Diagram the next phase will be to expand on the use cases into Object Sequence diagrams We will see how this can be done in the next chapter Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 34 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 5 Object Sequence Diagram An Object Sequence diagram supports the modelling of object interactions and collaborations In this chapter we will learn how to create an object sequence diagram using the object sequence diagram tools in the Toolbox In This Chapter Tools Used in Object Sequence diagrams What is an Object Sequence diagram Components of an Object Sequence diagram How to Create an Object Sequence diagram What is Allowed for Object Sequence diagrams What is Next Tools Used in Object Sequence diagrams Figure 5 1 Tools for Object Sequence diagrams Toolbox k Selection X Connector A General Bookmark Diagram The tools you will I Image need for Object Note Interaction AM Shortcut Diagrams Use Case Diagram Interaction Diagram External System Role 3 Scenario State Diagram Class Diagram Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 35 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is an Object Sequence diagram In the previous chapter we learnt about use case diagrams A use case is a component of a use case diagram Each use case may comprise of one or more possible course of actio
43. a Reservation Successful 65 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 vi User Manual STD1 STD2 OID5 OID6 STD CD1 CD2 Figure A 1 Figure B 1 Figure B 2 i Figure B 2 ii Figure B 3 Figure B 4 i Figure B 4 ii Figure B 5 Figure B 6 Figure B 7 Figure B 8 Figure B 9 Figure B 10 Figure B 11 Figure B 12 Figure B 13 Figure B 14 Figure B 15 Figure B 16 i Figure B 16 ii Figure B 17 Figure B 18 Figure B 19 Figure B 20 i Figure B 20 ii Figure B 21 Elixir CASE Initial BookCopy Statechart 66 Revised BookCopy Statechart diagram 67 Copy Available E e E ond nad 67 Cancel Reservations iaden maie ra cab tl ne to Fa El e ea c 68 Reservation Statechart 68 First cut Class Diagram uice eoe reve eed engan 69 Final Class Dlagfarmi iro eret D ev tta rye Hee peat 70 Popup Menu 55 iretur tinet nude ti bese 71 Identity tab page iret He d n aa 74 Draw Order tab page 75 Corresponding Diagram showing the object graphics on the 75 Background tab page iri Er 71 User tab page EL e RET 78 Corresponding UserProperties entry under Specification Editor 7
44. age as per normal Give the class aname Go into the properties for the class to define the methods fields and other characteristics These characteristics are described in Appendix B under the various Property tab pages Note At this stage you must at least define the methods provided by the classes to be used in the object sequence diagrams Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 39 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Draw Classes Now we are ready to draw the classes and the messages that are passed between classes We will illustrate using the Borrow a Book Object Sequence diagram of the Elixir Library System The classes involved are Member Loan and BookCopy They have already been created First we need to specify the entry function into a Scenario method that is the method that triggers the Borrow a Book scenario This is done on the Trigger tab page under the Properties window of the Scenario boundary as shown on Figure 5 4 Hint Right click or double click on the Scenario object to get the Properties window The various features of the Trigger tab page are described in detail in Appendix B Figure 5 4 Trigger tab page Properties Ea Identity Trigger interactions User Package library Add Add Class Add Method canReserve Q boolean decNoLoans 0 void decNoReservations Q void i Instance Static Choose the Library package and you will see al
45. ainer t Concurrent State History State Start State State Stop State Class Diagram B class Class Containen Interface 3 Package Figure 3 17 shows all the tools in the Toolbox Basically the Toolbox consists of all the object types that you can draw on your diagram page The Toolbox is divided into 5 main categories namely General Use Case Diagram Sequence diagram State Diagram and Class Diagram The tools under the General category are the only ones that need to be used across all diagrams Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 21 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE The object types in the Toolbox when drawn on the page are referred to as icons for those under General category and as object graphics for the other categories The object graphics are the graphic representations of the object models which holds the actual properties of the object stored in the database In this chapter we will only describe the Selection and Connector tools and the tools in the General category the tools in the other categories will be described in their respective chapters later Selection The Selection tool when highlighted indicates that you are in the selection mode In other words you are now able to place your mouse on any object on the Diagram page and select it We will normally be in this mode unless one of the other tools in the Toolbox is selected Connector The Connector tool in th
46. am Home Page 2 Home Page 1 Resolve Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 17 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 3 13 above shows the Import Mapper dialog In the example above Home Page 1 which is required for the import of Loan is not available in the destination database The available Diagram is Home Page 2 The Import Mapper provides you the option of matching Home Page 1 to Home Page 2 Alternatively you can abort the import by pressing the Cancel button on the dialog Java Code Generator Java code generator is as its name implies to generate Java codes from the system that you have designed When this function is activated the Java Code Generator window will pop up as in Figure 3 14 Figure 3 14 Java Code Generator Java Code Generator Author John Root Directory cALibranicodes Package library Classes Generate Close By default the Author field holds the name of the user logged into the system but it can be changed The root directory is where you can specify where the codes should be generated into such as c Library codes In the Package dropdown list box you can see all the packages available in your system includes imported packages as well as those you have created Upon selection of one of the packages the contents of the package will be displayed in the Classes area Select by highlighting the class classes for which you
47. an instance or a static This is defined on Methods General tab page of a class refer to Appendix B You can then invoke an instance or a static message of a class on an object sequence diagram This can be done on the Interactions AddInvocation tab page of the Properties window of the class by choosing either the Instance or Static radio button See Figure 5 6 What is Next At this stage we should have documented most of the processes of the system The next phase will be to pick out the major classes which is involved in many of the processes and make an analysis of the different states it goes through in its life span These will be modelled using a Statechart diagram We will cover this next Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 43 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE CHAPTER 6 Statechart Diagram A Statechart diagram models the different states of objects in a system In this chapter we will learn how to create Statechart diagrams using the Statechart diagram tools in the Toolbox In This Chapter Tools Used in Statechart diagrams What is a Statechart diagram Components of a Statechart diagram How to Create a Statechart diagram What is Allowed for Statechart diagrams How to Use Start State Stop State and History State Simplification Techniques in Textual Specification What is Next OOOOOOCOD Tools Used in Statechart diagrams Figure 6 1 Tools for Statechart diagrams Toolbox k
48. and then to generateNotification and lastly to setNotifiedStatus How To Create An Object Sequence diagram Scenario boundary First you will need to draw the scenario boundary by selecting from the Toolbox On the scenario boundary there will be a vertical line on the left side This is the initial lifeline from which the first method is triggered Create Classes You may be wondering how you can draw the classes To do that you will first have to create the class models in the system suggest that you create the classes on the same diagram but draw them outside the Scenario boundary In this way you can easily access them to say add methods or fields Then after completing the scenario you can use Delete graphic to delete the object graphic from the diagram page Note As have mentioned in Chapter 3 the class objects that are drawn on the Diagram page are just graphical representation of the class models in the database Through these graphical class objects on the page we are able to define the various properties of the class model and these properties will be stored in the database If we delete these graphical objects from the page the class models still exist in the database We can draw another graphical class object on some other pages to access the class model definitions using Ctrl click To create a class select the Class tool which is under Class Diagram or the Class container and draw it on the p
49. any a company has a number of offices There are 2 specific kinds of association relationships namely Aggregation and Containment relationships Figure 7 2 shows the different types of association Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 53 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 7 2 Types of Associations on a Class Diagram An Aggregation is a special form of association that specifies a part of relationship It implies a constraint on the life span of the component part For example a book is part of a library A Containment relationship is a stronger variation of the aggregation relationship In a containment relationship the part object is meaningless if it does not belong to only one whole object In addition deletion of the whole object means that the part is also deleted with it A book and a page have a containment relationship a book contains pages and destruction of the book destroys the pages as well Also the book knows its pages indicated by the arrow from book to page as shown in Figure 7 2 Extends An Extends relationship is equivalent to the inheritance relationship It is a taxonomy relationship between a more general element and a more specific element The more specific element is fully consistent with the more general element and contains additional information An instance of the more specific element may be used where the more general element is allowed For example a reference book is
50. as exceeded the loan limit The Borrow a Book Exceeds Loan Limit scenario is applied The loan process is not successful Collect a Reservation With Outstanding Fine The member presents the Book Available notification letter and membership card to the librarian The librarian locates the physical book and verifies the reservation The librarian then checks the member s records against the library loan policies for any violations The Librarian finds the member has outstanding fines from previous late returns The librarian then requests for settlement of the outstanding amount If the member pays up scenario Borrow a Book Successful or Borrow a Book Exceeds Loan Limit is called Else the loan process is cancelled stopped and the reservation is cancelled Collect a Reservation Incorrect Member Identity The member presents the Book Available notification letter and membership card to the librarian The librarian locates the physical book and verifies the reservation The member is not the next in line for the book so the librarian declines to let the book be borrowed The status of the reservation record is not changed Notification of Reservation being Available for Collection When a book copy is returned and the book has been reserved the system will generate a Book Available notification letter This letter will then be sent to the member Notification of Overdue Book When a loan is overdue by more than 2
51. at it is now above the other object Lower To swap position of the object with the one below it so that it will be below the other object Bottom To place the object at the bottom of the list that is it will be below all the other objects Delete To delete the object from the list so that it is no longer on the diagram but it is still in the database Knowing the draw order of objects on a page is useful in revealing object graphics that have been hidden under other object graphics Note Changing the draw order of the object graphics in a diagram has no effect on the parent child relationship that is already established when you first draw them Also in Figure B 2 ii Class B being outside Package A has no parent child link to Package A Moving Class B such that it is on top of Package A will not establish the link To do so we will need to re parent Class B Refer to Identity tab page with Activity Identity tab page with Parent and General tab page on how to re parent Background Image Figure shows the Background tab page It allows you to select the background image that you want for your diagram After selection the selected image will be shown to allow you to confirm your selection Only gif and jpg files can be used Tip Using a larger image as background makes repainting of the screen faster Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 76 of 95 User Manual
52. at we shall do in the next chapter In the next chapter we will see how we can incorporate the LORE method and the Elixir CASE tool to develop a sample Library System Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 57 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 8 The Library System The Library System presented here serves as an example of how a complete system is documented using the Elixir CASE tool The example applies the LORE method to develop the Library System and shows how the Elixir CASE tool is used to facilitate the development and to enhance the system Analysis The objective of the analysis phase is to model the real world interactions in the Library System An analysis team would have been formed to identify the various objects that interact with or are part of the system The analysis process consists of the following 3 phases l Object Identification phase Il Behaviour Modelling phase 111 Structure Modelling phase The techniques that are commonly used are Use Cases Noun Analysis Scenarios CRC Class Responsibility Collaboration Cards Patterns Data Analysis Sequence diagrams 999999 We will be making use of some of these techniques in the Library system Object Identification Phase Use Case Diagrams In the initial stages the analysis team had identified the following use cases which are documented in the use case diagrams below Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technolog
53. ber asks the librarian to reserve a book providing the book and membership information The librarian locates the book and checks the member s records against the library reservation policies for any violations As no reservation policies have been violated the librarian proceeds to record the reservation Reserve a Book Exceeds Reservation Limit The member asks the librarian to reserve a book providing the book and membership information The librarian locates the book and checks the member s records against the library reservation policies for any violations The member has exceeded the reservation limit The reservation process is not successful Collect a Reservation Successful The member presents the Book Available notification letter and membership card to the librarian The librarian locates the physical book and verifies the reservation The reservation Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 61 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE is verified to be correct and the Borrow a Book Successful scenario is applied The status of the reservation is then set to complete Collect a Reservation Exceeds Loan Limit The member presents the Book Available notification letter and membership card to the librarian The librarian locates the physical book and verifies the reservation The librarian then checks the member s records against the library loan policies for any violations The member h
54. c To delete the graphical representation of the object model from the diagram page but with the object model still existing in the database Graphics of the links from or to the deleted object will also be deleted from only the diagram page You can still repaint the object graphic again by using lt Ctrl gt Click on the corresponding object type in the Toolbox However there are exceptions The Bookmark Image Note and Shortcut objects are graphics only and they have no object models Therefore a Delete Graphic command will Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 71 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE remove them completely from the database You can still recover them by Undo ing but not after a commit is done Delete Object To delete the object model from the diagram page as well as the database The physical links connecting the deleted object model to other object models will also be deleted from the database In the case of the Diagram object the link to the page that it points to is lost but the object models that were drawn on the page still exist in the database You can verify this from the Specification Editor Specification To bring you to the Specification Editor The Specification Editor is described in Chapter 3 Show Connectors Sometimes your diagram may have too many connections which makes it look really complicated Then you may like to temporarily remove the links from the diagram usin
55. cribed as follows Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 36 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Section Description Class Name Name used to identify the class and is thus compulsory Fields The characteristics belonging to the class Methods The methods available for the particular class Figure 5 2 shows some examples of fields and methods that are provided by the class Book Figure 5 2 Fields and Methods available in Class Book Class Field Stereotype Methods A class may be classified We do this using class Stereotypes Stereotypes are represented at the top right hand corner of a class object as shown in Figure 5 2 Stereotypes are useful in that it shows at a glance what kind of function the class performs The stereotype may also be incorporated into the codes during code generation By default the stereotype and the fields and methods of the class are not shown on the class object You can choose to do so by using the Show tab page Please refer to Appendix B for a detailed description of its usage Lifeline A lifeline is the line that runs vertically under an object It represents a time line moving from top to bottom as shown in Figure 5 3 Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 37 of 95 User Manual Figure 5 3 Notification of Collection of Reservation Time checkReservation
56. cted in the Specification Editor However it is not always possible to decide at the start this parent child relationship between objects Thus Elixir CASE provides a function to support re parenting of objects A class created without a specific parent package will be first put into a default package Later you can re parent it into the appropriate package To do so refer to the General tab page of a class in Appendix B Relationship between classes When you connect 2 classes a pop up menu will appear to prompt you to name the connection In Figure 7 3 upon connecting the 2 classes Book and Regular Loan Book the pop up menu with Extends and Association appears Extends Association Figure 7 3 Pop up Menu of a connector linking class to class Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 55 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Extends As explained before when a class extends another it inherits the properties of the class it extends In Figure 7 4 the classes Regular Loan Book Overnight Book and Reference Book extends class Book Figure 7 4 Extends relationship Association Upon choosing Association from the popup menu the Properties window of the connector appears on the screen On the General tab page we can further specify the relationship between the 2 classes The tab page shows the 2 classes one on the left and the other on the right For each class we can speci
57. d in the Specification Editor Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 47 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Transitions The transitions like all links can be drawn using the Connector Refer to Transitions tab page in Appendix B for a detailed description on defining the characteristics of a transition You can shape the arrow any way you like by adding nodes on the arrow See Appendix A Add Nodes and Delete Nodes What is Allowed on A Statechart diagram 1 It is possible to have sub states or nested states in a statechart diagram A nested state is no different from any other states each nested state can have its own start state stop state and history states It can even have other states nested within itself It is possible for a state to transit back to itself In Figure 6 2 the Empty state transits back to itself by the squirt action It is possible to have transitions of the same name originating from different sources In Figure 6 2 the squirttransition originates from both the Empty and Stopped states How to Use Start State Stop State and History State Start State A start state will always point to the original state As each nested state can have its own start state it is possible to have a STD as in Figure 6 3 Figure 6 3 Start States Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 48 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE History State A history state is drawn within t
58. e Toolbox is used to link the various objects drawn on the various diagrams It basically shows the relationship between the 2 objects that it is connecting Depending on the objects being connected the connector will take on different meanings and characteristics For example on a Statechart diagram they are called transitions while on an Object Sequence diagram they are called messages Only valid connections will be created between 2 objects Therefore the connector will be described as specific to its use in the subsequent chapters dedicated to each diagram General Objects To place a general object on your diagram page select the object from the Toolbox by using the mouse to left click on it once It will be highlighted Then position your mouse on any part of the page and left click once Upon releasing the mouse the object s icon will appear Then you can use the green handles to resize your object as desired applicable to Images and Notes only Alternatively You can click and drag an object to the required size By right clicking on the icon you will see the options or commands available for that object Here we will only list all the commands that applies for each icon A detailed explanation of the what and the how of the commands is given in Appendices A and B Bookmark A Bookmark is used to mark a particular page or area on a page so that it can be easily accessed It is to be placed on the top left hand corner of the area w
59. ea P PO 87 Methods Ihteractioris c de c Ee n eee Erba ved 89 Sable EE ES 90 State ENEN E perio oett eri 91 OM Poele ve td Pedo ed 92 IIIS 92 NEPA CONS e eee da Perdida vereri Peu A ti Pa 93 Copyright Elixir Technology 1999 Version 1 2 V User Manual Figure List Figure 1 1 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 3 Figure 3 4 Figure 3 5 Figure 3 6 Figure 3 7 Figure 3 8 Figure 3 9 Figure 3 10 Figure 3 11 Figure 3 12 Figure 3 13 Figure 3 14 Figure 3 15 Figure 3 16 Figure 3 17 Figure 3 18 Figure 3 19 Figure 3 20 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 5 1 Figure 5 2 Figure 5 3 Figure 5 4 Figure 5 5 Figure 5 6 Figure 5 7 Figure 5 8 Figure 6 1 Figure 6 2 Figure 6 3 Figure 6 4 Figure 6 5 Figure 6 6 Figure 7 1 Figure 7 2 Figure 7 3 Figure 7 4 Figure 7 5 Figure 7 6 UCD1 UCD2 OID1 OID2 0103 OIDA Elixir CASE Elixir CASE Start Screen ee 2 Window to Create Select Home Page 6 Elixit CASE ed orm E Oen ete op eet npe reb 6 Home Page for a Library 7 The Specification 8 The Model tab page Hep Pe e Dok PR EAE CORE UR 10 El
60. ently working you can add a Shortcut to this bookmark so that you can access the bookmark with just a click The Shortcut tab page is as shown in Figure B 7 It has 3 fields and they are described in the table below Figure B Z Shortcut tab page for the Shortcut object graphic Properties x Shortcut Shortcut to Book STD Image Default Bookmark Borrow Book UCD Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 80 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Field Description Name The name of the shortcut Image You can choose your own icon in place of the default Shortcut icon Bookmark Displays a list of all the available bookmarks across all Home pages To create a shortcut select one of the bookmarks and press the OK button You can also choose your own Shortcut icon Add your own gif or jpg file in the Elixir CASE shortcuts subdirectory and Elixir CASE will pick it up and include it as an option for selection under the field Image Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 81 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Other Property Tab Pages This section covers the property tab pages of all the other object types in the Toolbox They are arranged in alphabetical order for easy reference Fields Fields refer to the attributes of the class The Fields tab page can be found under the Properties of a Role External System Class Class Container and
61. ers to default values If not provided this value will be automatically assigned Description A free text description area Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 83 of 95 User Manual General Elixir CASE The General tab page can be found under the Properties of a Role External System Class Class Container and Interface The fields on the page are explained in the table Figure B 10 General tab page Properties x Identity General Methods Fields User Parent Package Modifiers v Public Abstract Stereotype None Parent Class Static Final Type OK Cancel Field Description Access Defines the access type of the class in a package Stereotype Defines the stereotype of the class if any Type Defines whether it is a normal class abstract class final class interface or data type Parent Package A listing of all available packages in the database will be shown here The highlighted package is the parent package of this class The default is lt None gt This field also allows you to re parent the class See Identity with Parent tab page Parent Class Some classes may have another class as their parent in addition to belonging to a package A listing of all available classes in the selected package will be shown here The highlighted class is the parent of the current class The default is lt None gt
62. es expected arguments and return types Access Defines the access type of the method in a class Modifiers These are function modifiers Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 88 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Methods Interactions The Methods Interactions tab page is used to invoke a message within the current method It Serves the same purpose as the Interactions tab page Please refer to section under Triggers The difference is that instead of invoking the message from the Scenario you can also invoke the message from the class method Figure B 15 Methods Interaction tab page Properties Ea General Interactions User Ok Cancel Button Description Add To invoke a new message Edit To replace the selected message with another Delete To remove the selected message Raise To change the order of invocation of the selected message such that it is called before its current predecessor Lower To change the order of invocation of the selected message such that it is called after its current successor Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 89 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Show The Show tab page can be found under the Properties of a Class It allows you to specify what you want to see on the class object on a diagram The fields are explained in the table Figure B 16 i Show tab page Properties LX Identity General M
63. ethods Fields Show user Show Stereotype Fields AuthorFirstName char removeReservation 0 void Figure B 16 ii Class Book with Selected Fields and Methods and its Stereotype shown Class gt Stereotype Field Methods Field Description Show Stereotype If the check box is selected the stereotype of the class will be displayed at the top right hand corner of the class object Fields The available fields are listed in this area To display the fields on the class object click on the field to highlight it You can choose Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 90 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE to select one or more fields for display Methods The available methods are listed in this area To display the methods on the class object click on the method to highlight it You can choose to select one or more methods for display State The State tab page can be found under the Properties of a State The fields are explained in the table Figure B 17 State tab page Properties Ea Identity State User Ok Cancel Field Description Entry Allows the triggering of an event on all entries into a state Syntax entry EventName Do Allows an action to be performed continuously while in a state Syntax do EventName Exit Allows the triggering of an event on all exits out of a state Syntax exit E
64. fication Techniques in Textual Specification Rather than documenting repetitive events in the body section Elixir CASE provides a mechanism to document them in the textual section They come in the form of clauses namely entry exit and do They are explained in the table below Clause Description Entry Allows the triggering of an event on all entries into a state Syntax EventName Do Allows an action to be performed continuously while in a state Syntax do EventName Exit Allows the triggering of an event on all exits out of a state Syntax exit EventName The use of simplification clauses greatly reduces the clutter in the body section Figure 6 6 illustrates how clauses are used Figure 6 6 The State Transition of Class Stopwatch using clauses What is Next We have now gathered most of the information about the system Using the information we should be able to derive a class diagram which is what we are going to cover next Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 50 of 95 User Manual Chapter 7 Class Diagram Elixir CASE A Class Diagram allows us to capture the static relationships between objects This includes association inheritance and dependency relationships This chapter explains the various components of a Class Diagram and how to use the Class Diagram tools to create a Class Diagram In This Chapter Too
65. from Pending state to Available state Therefore a Cancel Reservation transition is added to reflect a more accurate picture of BookCopy Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 66 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE STD2 Revised BookCopy Statechart diagram More Object Sequence diagrams and Statechart diagrams after Cyclical Analysis As a result of the changes we will need to firstly make changes to our Return a Book scenario and secondly to add a new Cancel a Reservation scenario However instead of updating our existing OID2 Return a Book we choose to provide an extension scenario Copy Available It starts at the point where OID2 finishes See OID5 OID 5 shows the CopyAvailable scenario This scenario shows a message to self removeReservation It is an internal action not directly triggered by an external agent We choose to represent it to make the add remove cycle symmetrical OID5 Available E E BookCopy Book retumBook Q copyAvailabl copy Available removeReservation 0 setStatus int stat Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 67 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE A new scenario Cancel a Reservation is added to provide a complete picture of the library System The textual description of this scenario is as below Cancel A Reservation The member asks the librarian to cancel a reservation providing the book information and
66. fy the type of association specify the directional knowledge navigation name the role and specify its cardinality with respect to the other class As you specify the association they will be shown graphically on the tab page as in Figure 7 5 Figure 7 5 Association between Classes Reservation and BookCopy Identity General user Class Book Class Reservation Association None Association None Navigation gt Navigation Role Role Cardinality 1 Cardinality il Cancel Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 56 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Relationship between packages In a class diagram there may be more than one package If there are dependencies among the classes in the packages we may like to explicitly indicate on the diagram these dependencies among the packages Then we can use the connector to link the packages as in Figure 7 6 What is Allowed on A Class Diagram 1 More than one package is possible in a class diagram 2 It is possible that a class is represented in more than one package For example a class from a package can be imported into another package The name of the imported class would indicate its parent package as in Figure 7 6 Figure 7 6 Cross package class What is Next We have covered all the diagrams and their functions in the Elixir CASE tool Now is the time to apply what we have learned and that s wh
67. g Delete Graphic Subsequently you may like to concentrate on just a few of the objects and therefore would need to know the links between these objects Show Connection thus allows you to reinstate specific links To do so you will need to position your mouse on the object whose links you would like to see Then right click on it to display the pop up commands Upon choosing Show Connections all the connections from or to the object will be shown Show Contents This command is only valid for Activity Scenario Class container and Package objects in the Toolbox These are the Container objects Previously the children objects in these containers may be hidden Show Contents makes all these object graphics appear again However the links are not shown To do so use Show Connections This can also be used to auto resize a container object to the optimal size and to auto arrange the object graphics in the container Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 72 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Add Node This command is used by the connectors only Nodes refers to the green handles on the connector This command is used to add nodes on the connector so that it can be manipulated by pulling the green handles to bend the line as is required Delete Node This command is used by the connectors only It is the reverse of Add Node that is it removes the node from the connecter To do so select the node to be
68. he loan process is not successful Borrow a Book With Outstanding Fines The member brings a book and membership card to the counter and requests the librarian to process the loan The librarian checks the member s records against the library loan policies for any violations The librarian finds the member has outstanding fines from previous late returns The librarian then requests for settlement of the outstanding amount If the member pays up scenario Borrow a Book Successful or Borrow a Book Exceeds Loan Limit is called Else the loan process is cancelled stopped Return a Book On Time The librarian takes a book from the returns counter and checks the due date of the loan If the due date is earlier than or is the same as the current date then the current date is recorded as the return date and the loan is expired normally The librarian proceeds to update the status of the book to available and returns it to the shelf Return a Book Overdue The librarian takes a book from the returns counter and checks the due date of the loan If the due date is later than the current date then the fine is calculated based on the type of book and the number of days overdue The fine is then added to the member s outstanding amount and the loan terminated The librarian proceeds to update the status of the book to available and returns it to the shelf Reserve a Book Successful The mem
69. he state box that has 2 or more exit values There will be a re entry arrow from an external state box pointing to the History state In Figure 6 3 the 2 possible exit states are Grade and Grade By using a History state we can remember at what state we left and will be able to resume from there upon re entry Stop State Stop state means that the class has reached the end of its life span There are 3 ways to represent a stop state i A simple case is where a class has only one distinct stop state as shown in Figure 6 4 where Sealed is the stop state Figure 6 4 One Distinct Stop State ii It is possible that a class reaches the end of its life span at different states In this case we need not use the Stop State symbol as it may clutter up the whole state diagram A state with no arrows coming out of it also represents a stop state In Figure 6 5 Broken Leaking and Sealed are the 3 possible stop states Figure 6 5 State Diagram with Implicit Stop States Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 49 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE iii A class can enter into a stop state regardless of the sub state it is in This is best illustrated in Figure 6 3 An employee can cease to be an employee whether he is a confirmed staff or still on probation or whether he is paid or on no pay leave This is represented using an incoming arrow originating from the Employee class container to a stop state Simpli
70. here you want to bookmark It is recommended that you name the Bookmark such that you can easily know the contents of the bookmark area Available command that can be performed on a Bookmark p Delete Graphic Bookmark Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 22 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Diagram A Diagram is used when you want to create a new page First you need to place a Diagram object on an existing page Then when you double click on the Diagram object it will bring you to a new page Similarly it is recommended that you name the Diagram such that you can easily know what page it brings you to Available options or commands that can be performed on a Diagram Properties Delete Graphic Delete Object Specification Show Connections Open Diagram New Diagram Image An Image is used when you want to display a picture on the page for example your company logo product logo and so on It accepts gif and jpg files Available options or commands that can be performed on an Image Choose Image Properties Delete Graphic Note You have seen a Note before on the Home Page A Note is yellow in colour and is used for textual purposes Available options or commands that can be performed on a Note B Properties Delete Graphic Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 23 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Shortcut
71. id Method Instance Static Add Cancel Elixir CASE The 3 Add Buttons at the right side call up the Package Properties window the Class Properties window and the Class Method Sub Properties window respectively Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 95 of 95
72. ixir CASE Menu Bar tenete et i 11 Print Configuration oe soe tee Gabe MERE NEN ERU Bak 12 Jav 2 eere rt oem erre ion 13 Print window for Windows platform He 13 el re 14 ERDO Sa 16 ME 17 ImportMapper ete edente opt ente ertet ren td edd a 17 Java Code Generator 18 reus 7 19 Online Help diee ette teer gab De De ede eite aa fe erus 20 T00lD0X AE 21 The Tool Bale 24 List of Bookmarks 25 Choose Object 26 Tools for Use Case 29 A Library Use Case Diagram 30 Pop up Menu to Define Relationship Between Use 32 Uses and Extends Relationships in 33 Tools for Object Sequence diagrams 35 Fields and Methods available in Class 37 Scenario to Notify Member of Availability of Reserved Book 38 Trigger tab page Ro erred 40 Partial Borrow a Book OID
73. ixir CASE library odb for example Refer to Figure 3 4 It lists the actual object models in the database The second part has the heading Diagrams It lists the graphical objects that are drawn on the diagrams You can rename an object by right clicking on it to call up the popup menu and selecting Properties Similarly you can also delete an object or make changes to the properties of the object Alternatively you can perform these functions on the graphical objects from the Diagram Editor The changes made will be effected throughout the whole database and across all diagrams The Right Pane is linked to the left pane where it shows the specification and model information of the selected object on the left The 2 tab pages on this pane are explained below Specification The Specification tab page is as shown in Figure 3 4 It provides the details of the object selected on the left pane The features are described below Fields Feature Description Text Display Area Area where the textual specifications are displayed This area is non editable Flat Check Box To choose to display or not to display the flattened inheritance hierarchy that is a hierarchy complete with all the inherited features Deprecated Check Box To include the outdated functions This is for the purpose of backward compatibility Private Check Box To include the private features of the selected object Copy Push Button To cop
74. l the classes in this package Select the Member class and its methods will be listed in the Method area Select the CanBorrow method and the Instance radio button and press OK The result is shown in Figure 5 5 Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 40 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 5 5 Partial Borrow a Book OID Borrow a Book E Member canBorrow 0 H Now we need to define the interaction of the Member class with other classes Go into Properties again this time choosing the Interaction tab page Refer to Appendix B for a detailed description of the usage of the Interaction tab page The Sender field shows the class and its method that is calling for or invoking the service of the next class The Add button allows us to add an invocation Upon pressing Add button the Add Invocation window appears as shown in Figure 5 6 From there we can choose the method of the required class in a particular package for invocation In our example the class Member invokes the Create method of the class Loan The resulting diagram is shown in Figure 5 7 Figure 5 6 To add further invocations S Properties Identity Trigger Interactions User Sender Member canBorrow 0 void Baer RAISE Cancel Method Class destroy Q void Instance Static Add Cancel Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Tech
75. ll appear Alternatively you can simply just click and leave the resizing till later Use Case Actor and External System Using the same method we can then add in the other objects Use cases are drawn within the boundary while actors and external systems are drawn outside the boundary Note The order and position in which you draw the objects is important When you draw the activity boundary first before the use cases with the use cases being within the boundary when first drawn Elixir CASE will recognize that there is a parent child relationship between the activity parent and the use case child When the relationship is correctly drawn Elixir CASE will restrict the use case to just within the activity boundary This parent child relationship will be reflected in the Specification Editor If a use case is drawn outside an Activity boundary by default the parent is the Diagram Elixir CASE provides you with the flexibility of changing its parent to link it to an activity This is done on the Identity with Parent tab page as described in Appendix B Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 31 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Relationship A diagram is meaningless if we do not indicate the relationship between the various objects On the Toolbox there is an object called the Connector This is used to connect the objects on the diagrams Select it using your mouse Then position your mouse on the s
76. ls Used in Class Diagrams What is a Class Diagram Components of a Class Diagram How to Create a Class Diagram What is Allowed for Class Diagrams What is Next Tools Used in Class Diagrams Figure 7 1 Tools for Class Diagrams The tools you will need for Structure Diagrams Toolbox k Selection X Connector E General D BJ B El Bookmark Diagram I Image Note M Shortcut Use Case Diagram Interaction Diagram State Diagram Class Class Container Interface 3 Package Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 51 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is a Class Diagram In object oriented concept an object contains the name type attributes and services of the object It also includes the relationship of that object with other objects in the system Previously we have seen in the object sequence diagram how one object calls for the services of another object through message passing From an analysis of all the object sequence diagrams we are able to transform these relationships onto first hand Class Diagrams The statechart diagrams will come into play to refine the Class Diagrams In short a Class Diagram is a detailed combination of the object sequence diagrams and statechart diagrams giving a complete picture of how the different objects in a system relate to each other to form a complete workable solution Components of A Class Diagram A Class Diagram
77. n inconsistent UML notations for different situations Presentation Following the browser metaphor you can change the background image of any diagram and insert images easily to form visually appealing presentations to customers Combined with the shortcut mechanism it is easy to create slide shows of diagrams to step through a presentation Reverse Engineering Elixir CASE allows the import of Java class files from the classpath This reverse engineering extracts a lot of detail from the classes into the object model so that diagrams can be quickly constructed Elixir CASE offers another first with the generation of sequence diagrams as well as class and package diagrams Of course some software licenses prohibit the reverse engineering of codes Elixir CASE must not be used to breach such license agreements Extensibility Finally extensibility is a key concern for Elixir CASE With the ability to define new stereotypes and their icons and to add user defined plug ins which provide more functionalities to the tool Elixir CASE is limited only by the user s Java programming skills Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 4 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 3 Getting Around In Chapter 1 we have already seen how to launch Elixir CASE This chapter explains how to move around Elixir CASE It introduces the various tools provided in Elixir CASE and helps us get familiar with the environment and the term
78. nce diagrams in that they verify the completeness of the latter For example upon further analysis of a class we may discover a possible event that has been overlooked in the object sequence diagrams Components of A Statechart diagram A Statechart diagram STD basically consists of states and transitions There are some special states which are represented by specific notations for clarity and simplicity The components are described as follows Class Container A class container is just an alternative graphical representation of a class On a statechart diagram a class container is used to contain states A Class Container has 2 distinct sections Section Description Name To identify the class Body This is the main part of the class container where the different state transitions of the class is modelled State A state has 3 distinct sections Section Description Name To identify the state box Body Sub states are modelled in this section Textual This section is where we can define formal specifications This is a form of textual documentation used to further clarify or to simplify the state diagram Elixir CASE provides 3 clauses to simplify the statechart diagram namely the entry exit and do clauses They will be covered later in this chapter Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 45 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE The Body and the
79. nology Version 1 2 Page 41 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 5 7 OID after the invocation of Loan create Member BookCopy Borrow a Book E B Member Loan canBorrow Q create Member m BagkCopy be Subsequent invocations are also done using the Interactions tab page including messages to self The final Object Sequence diagram will be as in Figure 5 8 Notice that at the end of the CanBorrow message line and the Create message line there is each a small blue box with a sign These blue boxes will only appear when the Scenario object is selected If you click on it the rest of the classes and messages sent from this message will be hidden Click on it again and they will be displayed again This is useful especially on an Object Sequence diagram that is complicated it can be used to hide lower level interactions in order to focus on specific classes and methods on the diagram Figure 5 8 Completed Borrow a Book OID Borrow a Book E B B Member Loan BookCopy canBorrow Q create Member m setdtatus Borrowe pincNoLoans 0 Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 42 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Note It is possible to import Java classes to be used in your diagrams Chapter 3 Import Classes under Elixir CASE menu option covers how to import classes What is Allowed on An Object Sequence diagram A message can be
80. ns which we call scenarios For example the use case Borrow A Book has the following scenarios Borrow A Book Successful Borrow A Book Exceeds Loan Limit Borrow A Book Outstanding Fine Borrow A Book Exceeds Renewal Limit 999 Each scenario consists of a chronological sequence of actions These actions are actually messages the means by which objects involved in the scenario interact All these actions for each scenario are represented on an Object Sequence diagram Components of An Object Sequence diagram An Object Sequence diagram has the following components Role A role represents the role of a person in the system It is similar to the role in a use case diagram External System An external system is an object that interacts with the system but is not part of the System It can be another system providing input to or accepting output from the System in question It is also similar to the external system in a use case diagram Scenario boundary A Scenario boundary has 2 functions To separate the system into discrete functions for analysis To separate the external systems from the classes A Scenario boundary is grey in colour Class A class is a structure that contains fields methods and semantics It is the basic building block of an object oriented system The class symbol is a blue rectangular box The box can be segmented up to 3 sections one above the other The sections are des
81. nual Figure 3 16 Online Help 10 2 Help 1 Getting started 2 Admin user interface 3 LOREx2 user interface E 4 Diagrams 5 Importing classes Generating Java code 7 Printing amp 8 Troubleshooting LOREx2 Trademarks About Elixir CASE LOREx2 Help Welcome to LOREx for Java TM This tool was developed in Java by Elixir Technology Pte Ltd in Singapore Our goal was to produce a system which was both useful to Java developers and which demonstrated the successful application of pure Java for commercial systems There are a few missing features in the first release ofthe tool which are due to lack of Java support For example copying graphics to the system clipboard is not available in the current Java release 1 1 4 E m This will provide general information on Elixir CASE tool such as version number and the current logon user Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 20 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Great Finds in the Toolbox bet you are eager to know what s in there If you re ready let s dig in and get our hands dirty Figure 3 17 Toolbox Toolbox Selection X Connector E General Bookmark Diagram I Image Note Shortcut El Q Use Case Diagram fe Activity E External System Role Use Case Interaction Diagram E External System Role 3 Scenario State Diagram Class Cont
82. ny way you like by adding nodes on the arrow See Appendix A Add Nodes and Delete Nodes Note The objects painted on the screen are graphical representation of the object model in the database Therefore you can delete the graphical representation of the object using the Delete Graphics option in the popup menu called up by right clicking on the object After Delete Graphics the properties of the object you have defined are still stored in the database You can paint the object on any diagram page again by selecting the corresponding object type from the Toolbox hold down the Ctrl key and then click on the page This applies for all types of objects on all diagrams not just for use case diagrams What is Allowed for Use Case Diagrams 1 More than one Use Case Diagram can be defined for a system It can be used to break up the system into major groups of activities which are related For example an accounting system can be broken up into accounts payable accounts receivable general ledger and so on In this way it also facilitates the assignment of tasks for different groups of developers with each group working on one or more Use Case Diagrams 2 An activity can be embedded in another activity This allows you to further categorize the use cases in an activity into logical groups Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 33 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is Next After completion of the
83. orrow a Book Successful Borrow a Book B B Member Loan BookCopy canBorrow boolean create Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 63 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE OID2 Return a Book Overdue Return a Book EB X B Loan Member BookCopy addFine 0 setStatus int status OID3 Reserve a Book Successful 010 3 Reserve a Book E X BH B Reservation Member BookCopy Book create Member m Book b isAvailable Q boolean addReservation Resarvation r Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 64 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE OID4 Collect a Reservation Successful Collect a Reservation E x B B Reservation Member Book BookCopy 50 IsPending 9 boolean us Status int sta Pre conditions and Post conditions Upon completion of the OIDs the next step is to assess possible pre and post conditions OID1 Borrow a Book Pre conditions BookCopy status is Available Num of Loans member lt Loan Limit 5 Post condition BookCopy status is Borrowed OID2 Return a Book Pre condition BookCopy status is Borrowed Post condition BookCopy status is Available OID3 Reserve a Book Pre condition Num of Reservations Member Reservation Limit 3 Post condition Num of Reservations Member Num of Reservations Member 1 OID4 Collect a
84. ource object and drag it to the destination object You can give a name to the relationship through the Properties window When you connect 2 use cases a pop up menu will appear to prompt you to name the types of connection In Figure 4 3 upon connecting the 2 use cases Borrow a Book and Scan Barcode the pop up menu with Extends and Uses appears Figure 4 3 Pop up Menu to Define Relationship Between Use Cases qus Extends Uses There are 2 types of relationships namely Uses and Extends In Figure 4 4 the use case Borrow a Book uses Scan Bar Code Here Scan Bar Code is like a subroutine called by Borrow a Book This can be very useful for extracting and sharing information Also in Figure 4 4 Collect a Reservation extends Borrow a Book This means that Collect a Reservation is a kind of Borrow a Book The same basic sequence of behaviour defined by Borrow a Book is used extended or modified by changes described in Collect a Reservation Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 32 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 4 4 Uses and Extends Relationships Librarian extends Member Barcode Scanner When an object that is connected is moved the line will also move together with the object and the connection is still maintained It works similarly for all other diagrams as well You can shape the arrow a
85. r own plug ins to do that Figure 3 5 The Model tab page fas LOREx2 Specification Editor CE x LOREx2 Edi Plugin o 00 X Path library Specification Model Out IsviewedBy Elixir Library Class Diagram library Owns library Book library BookCopy library Loan library Member library Reservation long OID 3 Reserve a Book Return a Book short In UserProperties Diagrams Copyright 1997 CE Elixir Technology Pte Ltd Soon this environment will be like a second home to you So let s learn how to use the various tools that Elixir CASE provides Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 10 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Goodies on the Menu Bar The Menu Bar is available on both the Diagram Editor and Specification Editor From Figure 3 6 we can see that there are 5 menu options on the menu bar We will open up each menu option and find out what commands there are Elixir CASE provides hotkeys or shortcut keys for the commands under the menu options and they are shown on the right of each command Figure 3 6 Elixir CASE Menu Bar fas LOREx2 Library System i BE XI Edit Plugin Go Help Commit Ctrl C Diagram editor Ctrl D Specification editor Ctri S Print setup Print Ctrl P Import classes Commit and exit Ctri E Exit without saving changes Copyright 1997 CE Elixir Technology Pte Ltd
86. r tab page Properties xi Identity Trigger Interactions User Package gt Member Class canBorr void canReserve 0 void decNoLoans void decNoReservations 0 void 2 Instance Static Method OK Cancel Field Description Package A list of all the available packages Class Upon choosing a package all the classes in the package will be listed here Method Upon choosing a class all the available methods will be listed here Instance Refers to instance functions where the message is passed to the instance of the class Static Refers to static methods where the message is passed to the class not the instance A sign will be prefixed to a Static message Instance and Static are of course mutually exclusive Interactions All subsequent message invocations are to be through the Interactions or Methods Interactions tab pages show in Figure B 20 i Please refer also to the section under Methods Interactions All the messages that have already been invoked on the current scenario will be listed in the Sender drop down list box Upon selection of one of the messages in the Sender field if there already exists messages that are sent from within this message they will be listed in the box You can choose to add a new invocation or to edit delete an existing message You can also change the order of the invocations You can perfo
87. rm these various tasks with the help of the pushbuttons which are described in the table below Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 93 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure B 20 i Interactions tab page Properties Identity Trigger Interactions User Sender Member canBorrow 0 void Loan create Member m BookCopy void Lower OK Cancel Figure B 20 ii Corresponding Object Sequence diagram Borrow a Book E EB Member canBorrow 9 Loan create Member m BagkCopy be Button Description Back To move up one level of invocation Forward To move forward one level of invocation Add To invoke a new message This will call up the Add Invocation window as shown in Figure B 21 Edit To replace the selected message with another Delete To remove the selected message The lower level messages that are invoked within the deleted messages will also be deleted Raise To change the order of invocation of the selected message such that it is called before its current predecessor Lower To change the order of invocation of the selected message such that it is called after its current successor Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 94 of 95 User Manual Figure B 21 Invocation E Add Invocation Package library x Class create destroy Q vo
88. s bar is at the bottom of the Elixir CASE window See Figure 3 17 It acts as a progress indicator for certain operations such as importing exporting and so on It also reports any warning error messages Across The Board 1 For all diagrams if the container object is deleted all the object graphics contained in it will also be deleted However the latter s object models still exists in the database For the Use Case Diagram the container object is the Activity for the Object Sequence diagram the Scenario for the Statechart diagram the Class container and for the Structure Diagram the Package 2 Elixir CASE does not impose any limit on the length of names of objects be they classes bookmarks diagrams connectors and so on 3 Objects can be used on more than one diagram Therefore in order not to recreate the object which will give us 2 views of that object we can do the following 3 1 Select the object type from the Toolbox 3 2 Hold down the Ctrl key and left click the mouse on the page where you want the object to be Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 25 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE 3 3 The Choose Object window will appear listing all the existing object instances of the selected object type see Figure 3 20 Upon selecting one object instance a view of the corresponding object graphic will then appear on your page Figure 3 20 Choose Object Window Choose Object x
89. s sub Property window to allow you to make changes to the current method On Figure A 1 if the mouse pointer was clicked on the addReservation method the Edit addReservation command appears in the popup menu Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 73 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE APPENDIX B Properties Every object model has properties Property refers to the characteristics of the object model For example a class has a name methods fields and it may belong to a package To call up the properties of an object model you can double click on the object graphic and the Properties window will appear on the screen Alternatively you can right click on the object graphic and select Properties on the popup menu On a Properties window there will be one or more tab pages depending on the object type Each object model has its own set of property tab pages and it may or may not differ from those of other object models In this section we will look at the different properties an object model has and how to define these properties The Diagram Page A diagram page has properties as shown in Figure B 1 Identity The Identity tab page is available for all object models to name and describe the object model There are variants of the Identity tab page as we will see later under the section Other Property Tab Pages Figure B 1 Identity tab page Identity Draw Order Background Image Name New Diagram
90. s used in Elixir CASE Readers are encouraged to try out the different tools as we go through the chapter The two appendices in the later part of the manual complements this chapter and those after It would be beneficial for you to refer to them when references are made to them in the course of going through the chapters In This Chapter How to Start Up Elixir CASE What is a Home Page What is a Diagram Editor What is a Specification Editor Goodies on the Menu Bar Great Finds in the Toolbox The Tool Bar is just a Click Away What is the Status of Across the Board How to Quit from Elixir CASE What is Next OOOOOOOOOOD What to do after launching Elixir CASE After launching Elixir CASE you see a welcome screen that allows you to create a new Home Page or to select an existing Home Page To create anew Home Page enter in the first field the name of the Home Page and choose the Create New Home Page button In Figure 3 1 the new Home Page would have the name Home Page 1 We also have an existing Home Page called Library To choose this select Library by highlighting it and choosing the Open Home Page button Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 5 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 3 1 Window to Create Select Home Page va Welcome to Elixir CASE nl x Home Page 1 Create New Home Page Library Then we will come to the screen as shown in Figure 3 2
91. se Diagrams Use Case Diagrams are the first diagrams that we use in the analysis and design of a system In this chapter we will learn what is a use case diagram and what constitutes a use case diagram We will also learn how to use the various use case diagram tools to assist us in our documentation In This Chapter Tools Used in Use Case Diagrams What is a Use Case Diagram Components of a Use Case Diagram How to Create a Use Case Diagram What is Allowed for Use Case Diagrams What is Next Tools Used in Use Case Diagrams Figure 4 1 Tools for Use Case Diagrams Toolbox k Selection X Connector General Bookmark Diagram I Image 1 Note Shortcut Use Case Diagram By Activity External System Role Use Case Interaction Diagram State Diagram Class Diagram The tools you will need for Use Case Diagrams Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 29 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE What is a Use Case Diagram A Use Case Diagram is the top level diagram of a system providing an overview of the System requirements It is a tool used to document all the functions use cases which are to be provided in the system Figure 4 2 shows a Use Case Diagram of a Library System Figure 4 2 A Library Use Case Diagram Librarian Member Components of A Use Case Diagram A Use Case Diagram has the following components Role A
92. t 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 26 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE 6 2 Objects in Containers 6 3 Objects with a Parent but Drawn within other Containers f Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 27 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE How to Quit from Elixir CASE There are a few ways to quit from Elixir CASE as follows 1 You can choose to Commit and exit using the Menu Bar s Elixir CASE option 2 You can also choose to Exit without saving changes again using the Menu Bar s Elixir CASE option For Windows environment only 1 At the top left hand corner there is a Elixir CASE icon Double click on it and you will be prompted as to whether you want to abort without saving the changes made Choose as desired 2 You can also click on the X sign at the top right hand corner of the window You will then be prompted as to whether you want to abort without saving the changes made Choose as desired What is Next This chapter has explained to you all the tools and their usage These tools are very flexible and it is up to you to fully make use of them in all ways that you can think of They will facilitate your system development and make it very enjoyable Now that you are armed with all the necessary tools you must be raring to go on so what are we waiting for Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 28 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Chapter 4 Use Ca
93. t which it left and be able to resume from there Transition A transition is the action or event that causes the class to change its state They are actually the various scenarios that we have created in the use case diagrams Usually we use a verb to name a transition This also helps to differentiate between a state and a transition How To Create A Statechart diagram Class Container Firstly we will need to draw the class container Hint Use lt Ctrl gt click to verify if the class already exists State Objects Next will come the various state objects There is no drawing order among the various state objects However they must all be drawn within the class container In fact Elixir CASE prevents them from being drawn outside The state graphic will originally show only 2 sections the Name section and Body section If you look closely at the bottom centre there is a green handle Use the mouse to push the green handle up and the textual section will be revealed Note The order and position in which you draw the objects matter You have to draw the class container first before the states Also the states have to be within the class container when first drawn When you do this Elixir CASE will recognize that there is a parent child relationship between the class container and the state In fact Elixir CASE restricts the state to just within the class container This parent child relationship will be reflecte
94. tifier Value This is also a free text field where you can put the value to be Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 78 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE assigned to the identifier Set button To assign Value to Name The assignment will be shown on the empty area Delete Button To delete the selected assignment Image An Image object only has one tab page the Image tab page Image This tab page is similar to the one for background image Figure B 3 And similarly only gif or jpg files can be used as an image Figure B 5 Image tab page for an Image object graphic Properties xi Image OK Cancel Note A Note object also has only one tab page the Note tab page Note You can enter any text inside the Text area of a Note object as shown in Figure B 6 Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 79 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure B 6 Text tab page for a Note object graphic Properties Ed Text Text jou can enter any text here and they will appear on the Note as what you type here Each line will be centralized when liisplayed Shortcut Similarly the Shortcut object has only one tab page the Shortcut tab page Shortcut There may be a particular area on a diagram page which you access very often and from many places So you would probably like to bookmark it On the diagram page where you are curr
95. tton is for you to do a test print to verify the settings that you have defined The test printout will be as the page displayed on the screen showing the lines to delineate the different areas on the page Due to a limitation in Java this needs to be done each time a different printer is used The Save button updates printconfig ini so that the settings will be remembered for future sessions Closing the dialog applies the settings to the current session The last field is the Zoom option It allows you to produce scaled output and only works in JDK 1 2 or later The Zoom value can be set from 0 to 100 where 0 is reserved to indicate fit to page scaling that is the diagram is scaled to fit the current page dimensions Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 12 of 95 User Manual Figure 3 8 Java 2 Page Setup Page Setup 2l x Paper Size A4 210 x 297 mm Source Fist Available Tray Orientation Margins inches Portrait Left Right 1 C Landscape Top fi 9 Bottom 1 Print Cancel Printer Elixir CASE Activating the Print command will call up the Print window Figure 3 9 shows a sample Print window for the windows platform Here you can specify the destination printer the paper size and paper orientation before sending your documents for printing Figure 3 9 Print Apple LaserWriter Name Status
96. ut class diagram CD1 First cut Class Diagram Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 69 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Upon further analysis we obtain the final Class Diagram as shown below CD2 Final Class Diagram member bookCopy Exercise As an exercise you may want to model library branches where a library has many members and many branches and each branch has many books Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 70 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE APPENDIX A Popup Menus When you right click on any object you have created a menu of commands will pop up as shown in Figure A 1 This set of commands may differ for each object as a command may be appropriate for some objects but not for others In fact clicking on different sections of a class will also call up different sets of commands as we will see later In this section we will look at these commands and what they do Figure A 1 Popup Menu for a Class Stereotype Field Properties Delete Graphic Popup Methods Delete Object Menu Specification Show Connections Add Field Edit Availability Popup Menu Items The following is a list of popup menu items you can expect from the tool Properties To call up the Properties window which pertains to the particular object There are various tab pages in the Properties window Their functions are described in Appendix B Delete Graphi
97. ventName Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 91 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Transition The Transition tab page is found under the properties of the connector on a statechart diagram It is used for documentation purpose to help us to easily map the statechart diagram to the object sequence diagrams Its fields are explained in the table below Figure B 18 Transition tab page Properties LX Identity Transition user Conditions Actions Triggers OK Cancel Fields Description Conditions The preconditions for this transition to occur Actions The methods that are called during this transition Triggers The events that are fired during this transition Trigger A trigger refers to the first message sent to a scenario to start it off and it is the first message received by the left most object on a scenario This trigger is specified in the Trigger tab page as shown in Figure B 19 The Trigger tab page can be found under the Properties of the Scenario and Use Case object types For completeness in the system documentation the Trigger tab page is provided for a use case to allow you to document the entry point of its corresponding scenario A top down approach is to be adopted for this tab page as explained in the table below Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 92 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure B 19 Trigge
98. want to generate codes Now you can do a Generate Upon completion the codes will be in the directory that you have specified in Root Directory Statistics Figure 3 15 shows the various software metric statistics that is generated in Elixir CASE They can be compared against some industrial software metric standards to check if the designed system needs to be fine tuned Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 18 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Figure 3 15 Statistics Statistics No Fields Average No Classes Package 8 0 Average No Methods Class 1 4375 Average No Public Instance Methods Class 1 4375 Percent of Public Methods which are Static 0 0 Average No Fields Class 0 0 Average No Invocations Method 0 9130435 Average No Superclasses 0 0 Go menu option Back to previous page It allows you to backtrack to all your previously visited pages Forward to the next page It functions like the Internet web page forward function where it allows you to move back and forth between pages Home Page This of course brings you back to the Home Page Help menu option Help This will call up the online Help as shown in Figure 3 16 The online help is clearly structured which makes for easy navigation The topics covered are listed on the left and the selected option will be described on the right Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 19 of 95 User Ma
99. weeks the system will generate a reminder letter This letter will then be sent to the member Textual Description of Administration Create a Book The librarian creates a new book given its title author ISBN and publisher Create a Book Copy The librarian creates an instance of book copy The first copy is given an arrival number of 0 subsequent copies of the same book are assigned consecutively higher arrival numbers Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 62 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Create a Member The librarian creates a new member given a name The new member has no outstanding fine Noun Analysis In the textual descriptions the nouns have been underlined We will therefore apply the noun analysis technique to identify the objects Also some nouns represent fields rather than objects for example outstanding fine is a field Not all the nouns which have been underlined are useful in the object sequence diagrams therefore we need to be selective From our noun analysis exercise a few objects have been identified to be useful in our study Member Librarian Book BookCopy Loan Reservation lt 54 lt 4 4 5 Behavioural Modelling Phase Object Sequence diagrams After identifying the objects we can create the object sequence diagrams base on these scenarios They are shown below As the scenarios are quite similar we only show some of their object sequence diagrams OID1 B
100. y There may be many copies BookCopy of a single title Book within the library During the object identification phase the team studied each use case to identify the collaboration and responsibilities of the different parts of the system The objective of this study is to find all possible scenarios and objects attached to each use case An effective way to do it is through role playing If you are new to object identification it is good practice to document the scenarios in textual form as it helps to identify the objects in the system The following text fully describes the scenarios obtained from the study Textual Description of Basic Functions Borrow a Book Successful The member brings a book and membership card to the counter and requests the librarian to process the loan The librarian checks the member s records against the library loan policies for any violations As no library loan policies have been violated the librarian proceeds to create a loan and records the due date of the loan The librarian also proceeds to update the status of the book Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 60 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE Borrow a Book Exceeds Loan Limit The member brings a book and membership card to the counter and requests the librarian to process the loan The librarian checks the member s records against the library loan policies for any violations The member has exceeded the loan limit T
101. y Version 1 2 Page 58 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE UCD1 Library System Policy rarian Library Loan Policies Each member can borrow up to a maximum of 5 books at one time To borrow a book a member must settle all outstanding fines A member may borrow a book for up to 14 days There is a fine of 10 cents per day per book for late returns including Saturdays and Sundays Pons Library Reservation Policies 1 Each member can reserve up to a maximum of 5 books at one time 2 The reservation will be kept for a week after which if it is not collected the reserved book will be assigned to the next person in line if any or put back on the shelf Copyright 2000 CE ElixirTechnology Version 1 2 Page 59 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE UCD2 Library System Administration ibrarian The first use case diagram UCD1 shows the basic essential functions of a library system and the interaction of the different roles with the functions At the same time the business policies that had been brought up are also documented The second use case diagram UCD2 documents the administrative tasks required in the library system These functions are of a different nature from the previous functions Furthermore being administrative in nature they do not make good behaviour models An early distinction introduced by the domain expert was that of Book and BookCop
102. y the whole text in the display area to the clipboard You can then paste it on any textual part in the Elixir CASE software such as a Note or you can paste it to a file outside Elixir CASE such as a Windows Notepad Print Push Button To print out the specification in the text field It will call up the print dialog box for you to choose your settings and then print Model The Model tab page is as shown in Figure 3 5 It shows the relationship of the selected object with other objects It also shows the user defined properties of the object They are explained below Property Description Out This shows the outward relationship of the object with other objects Possible relationships are Owns IsViewedBy and so on In This shows the inward relationship of the object with other objects Possible relationships are IsViewedBy and so on UserProperties This shows all the various properties of the object that are defined by the user such as version number date of creation special Copyright 2000 CE Elixir Technology Version 1 2 Page 9 of 95 User Manual Elixir CASE comments and so on The properties and their values can be defined on the User tab page of each object Refer to Appendix B User tab page This facility is useful in that the properties defined here can be scanned by the tool and then incorporated into your own codes You can write you

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