Kaypro II User Manual
Contents
1. 1984 Part Number 1463 L COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARK 1983 Kaypro Corporation KAYPRO is a registered trademark of Kaypro DISCLAIMER Kaypro Corporation hereby disclaims any and all liability resulting from the failure of other manufacturers software to be operative within and upon the KAYPRO computer due to KAYPRO s inability to have tested each en try of software LIMITED WARRANTY Kaypro Corporation warrants each new instrument or computer against defects in material or workmanship for a period of ninety days from date of delivery to the original customer Fuses are excluded from this warranty This warranty is specifically limited to the replacement or repair of any such defects without charge when the complete instrument is returned to one of our authorized dealers or Kaypro Corporation 533 Stevens Avenue Solana Beach California 92075 transportation charges prepaid This express warranty excludes all other warranties express or implied in cluding but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose and KAYPRO CORPORATION IS NOT LIABLE FOR A BREACH OF WARRANTY IN AN AMOUNT EXCEEDING THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE GOODS KAYPRO CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES No liability is assumed for damage due to accident abuse lack of reasonable care or loss of parts REDIRECTION Please first direct all queries and problems to your dealer CONTENTS MEET T2. To the right of the main keyboard are 14 keys a numeric calculator style layout With the exception of a few control keys such as CTRL ESC and RETURN all of the keys including the cursor movement keys will automatically repeat when held down You can use the CONFIG program on the CP M diskette to program the cursor keys and the keypad keys to act as any character or control key that you desire Instructions for doing this are given later in this manual Look in the index under keypad configuring THE CURSOR AND THE CURSOR KEYS The cursor is a place marker to show where information can be entered It is indi cated by a flashing underscore The next character you type will appear at this location When you are using certain programs you can use the cursor keys to move the cursor freely in any direction on the screen DOWN LEFT RIGHT These keys will not function in this manner in CP M 13 THE BlG GREEN SCREEN The video screen displays information communicated between you and the computer such as characters typed on the keyboard stored information and prompts requests for you to type information The screen holds 1 920 characters in 80 vertical columns and 24 horizontal lines _ You can adjust the brightness of the display by turning the brightness knob on the back panel 14 MEMORY The KAYPRO stores data by means of e Read Only Memory e RAM Random Access Memory e
3. 7200 9600 19200 nmmoodg duoo o00 amp o0onm m o 49 Port 00H 04H 05H 06H 08H 1CH PORT ADDRESSES Use and or assignment Baud rate Write only Writing a number between 0 and to this port will set the RS 232C baud rate RS 232C Serial Data R W Data register of the Z 80 SIO Keyboard Data R W Eight bit data from detachable keyboard See the following S BASIC program for an example of writing to this port RS 232C Status R W Control status port for the 2 80 SIO See Zilog and Mostek Microcom puter Data Books Printer Port Write only Eight bit data to parallel printer connector System Port R W This port is used for system control The various bits are used memory bank selection disk drive control and printer handshaking 50 SYSTEM PORTS SELECT 344 24 91 819 Lh Vid 61 644 3 9 33 L bd 6 04 52164 8 gnvg 01449 32015 Y qnvg 50 Old 49 OL 9 1404 W31S49 1 Nia con 01 LNI 9 1350 9 9 4 1959 2 9 ASNG tt ef few 1 21 NO MLW 91 9 clad LEJ 623 823 Qt 3 563 bISTbL ILn S IL NJS JN JN bOSTbL L Nid 940 015 01 ni 31 244 913545 99501 E ES ES T ES E B P idi 51 PRINTER PORT 5 ee 19 zo L _ az
4. 10 Not connected 11 BUSY gt The KAYPRO expects a low signal on this line from the printer to indicate readiness to receive a character A high signal indicates that the printer is BUSY and the KAYPRO should not send 12 13 14 15 18 31 32 34 35 36 Not connected 16 17 19 30 33 Ground The following is an illustration of the pin assignments on the Centronics type connector on the back panel 45 oO 7 TOP 9 _ BOTTOM Note that the BUSY line is read by the KAYPRO as ACTIVE when left discon nected If you tell your computer to print something when there is no printer there your computer will sit patiently and wait for a printer to say that it s ready for data And wait and wait and Press the reset button on the back panel 0 Serial Printer Your KAYPRO was designed to be as easy to use as possible The standard KAYPRO expanded system consists of your computer connected to a standard parallel printer via the parallel connector J2 and to a modem via the RS 232C serial connector J4 However if you have a serial printer you will need to the serial interface for your printer The following information is provided to aid such modifications But please note that Non Linear Systems and Kaypro Computers make no guarantees about the suitability of a given serial printer for use with the KAYPRO s RS 232C serial in terface The reasons for some of the difficulties are given here but b
5. WARM BOOT occurs when you press the CTRL and C keys simultaneously see CP M manual for details an area of memory set aside for storing and manipulating data associated with I O devices such as diskettes and keyboards a problem or undesirable side effect of a computer program almost always unexpected and unwelcome see DEBUG 8 bits the size of a memory location in the KAYPRO a computer A kilobyte or kbyte is one thousand bytes 1024 bytes actually 64 CHIP CONSOLE CPU CRT DEBUG DIR DIRECTORY FILE FILENAME FORMAT acronym for Console Command Processor the section of CP M that translates what you type on the keyboard into something the computer can understand slang for an integrated circuit the device used for communication between the computer and you Normally this is the keyboard and the video display acronym for Control Program for Microcomputers The most popular disk operating system for 8080 2 80 microcom puters CP M keeps track of the files and programs on the floppy disks and facilitates their use acronym for Central Processing Unit the microprocessor chip acronym for Cathode Ray Tube the tube used as the video display to remove mistakes from a computer program see BUG a built in CP M command that gives a list of a disk s files See AN INTRODUCTION TO CP M FEATURES AND FACILITIES for details the list of files on
6. cursor keys 13 data storage 15 17 data transmission 47 DELete key 11 DIR 34 directory 34 disk drive indicator lights 26 disk drive protectors 7 disk drives 7 diskette damaged 42 diskettes 2 15 16 17 20 display none 42 drives 26 ERA 39 erasing a file 39 error message BDOS 24 ESCape key 10 escape sequences 56 extent 38 information 62 filename 22 21 files 16 21 formatting 30 31 glossary 63 handshaking 47 48 50 indicator lights 26 connectors 45 ilo port addresses 50 KAYPRO LRN 33 keyboard attaching 6 keyboard won t work 43 keyboard beeper turning off the 61 keypad 12 keypad configuring 59 keys 10 11 line feed key 11 line filter 2 maintenance 44 memory 15 memory map 54 modem 47 49 overwriting the buffer 47 pin assignments 45 37 38 power external power conditioner 43 power fluctations 43 power indicator light 25 26 none 42 power requirements 2 power source backup 2 printer 32 printer Centronics type 45 46 printer connecting 45 printer parallel 45 printer serial 47 48 printer serial port 47 49 printer redirection of 47 printer output 45 program won t load or execute 42 prompt 23 15 received character available 49 REN 40 renaming a file 40 restricted characters 21 ROM 15 RS 232C connector 47 48 50 Screen 14 serial output 49 serial port 53 serial port assignme
7. dd UM te oo ELN px 31182WS 0M 53 MEMORY OF THE KAYPRO COMPUTER FFFFH System Variables CBIOS BDOS E400H 4000H Video Transient Display 3000 not Area used 800H system PROM 100H CP M Buffers OH BANK 1 BANK 0 Please note that only the lowest 16 Kbytes of memory will change with the bank select bit addresses above hexadecimal are always available for either bank 54 CONTROL KEY AND FUNCTIONS The control key CTRL is used with other keys to control functions To use it press the control key simultaneously with other keys for some func tions you must then press the RETURN key For some functions there will be no visible indication For other functions a character will appear on the display screen as two characters side by side the character followed by a second character For example H called CTRL H represents a backspace The same control command can have different functions in different programs Consult the appropriate software manual to determine which control functions are to be used Common control functions in CP M programs CTRL C CP M system reboot warm start CTRL E Physical end of line carriage is returned but line is not sent until RETURN key is depressed CTRL P Copies all subsequent console output to the currently assigned list device e g a printer and the consol
8. M BASIC manual for details REM THIS PROGRAM TURNS OFF THE KEYBOARD BEEPER DEFINT A Z KEYBOARD 5 QUIET 8 OUT KEYBOARD QUIET END 61 FCC INFORMATION As keeps in step with computer technology the models have changes which affect FCC ratings The proper rating is affixed to the back of each com puter and the appropriate FCC information is given here FCC INFORMATION FOR CLASS A Warning This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions manual cause interference to radio communications It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment Opera tion of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference FCC INFORMATION FOR CLASS B This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instruc tions may cause interference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in ac cordance w
9. a disk Most CP M systems allow 64 different entries in the directory see DIR and STAT a collection of characters data or what have you that is stored on a disk A file can contain a program or information to be used by other programs or a manuscript etc the name of a file which you see when you list the directory or use when you access a file The general form for a filename is B NAME MSS The first part A or B indicates which drive the file is in The second part is the name and can be up to eight characters long The last part is called the extent is separated from the name by a period and can be up to three characters long the organization of data on a disk for the KAYPRO a single side in the double density soft sector format consists of 40 tracks per disk with each track divided into 10 sectors 65 HARDWARE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE INPUT LOAD MACHINE LANGUAGE MODEM OUTPUT PERIPHERAL PROGRAM PROMPT the physical parts of the computer and its peripheral equip ment as opposed to SOFTWARE a computer programming language that is similar to English or mathematics S BASIC and PASCAL for example are high level languages data put into the computer By extension the process or means of putting data into the computer to take information from a storage medium such as a disk or tape and put it into the computer s memory a binary language that a computer can understand as oppose
10. computers or are experienced please take the time to read this manual FIRST and follow the step by step instructions In the long run following the instructions will save time and prevent problems This manual will tell you how to use your computer Next use the manual INTRODUCTION TO KAYPRO SOFTWARE to familiarize yourself with the software which came with your KAYPRO and which is available from your dealer th Many of the terms used in this manual are explained in the glossary at the back h WHAT YOU WILL NEED Blank Diskettes The KAYPRO uses 5 inch SINGLE sided double density soft sector floppy diskettes to store information KAYPRO 4 uses 5 inch DOUBLE sided double density soft sector floppy diskettes to store information You need enough blank diskettes to copy your master diskettes and as many others as you need to store information such as text files mailing lists and pro grams which you write If you value the information you ll be storing don t buy low quality diskettes Work Surface You need a work surface about 25 inches high with leg room underneath Power Requirements Power requirements for the KAYPRO are 115 to 125 VAC 50 to 60 Hertz at 60 watts normal house current The outlet should be grounded If you want to take your computer overseas your dealer can switch the power supply to 220 VAC For power requirements for peripherals such as a printer consult the owne
11. diskettes ROM is the smallest portion of memory ROM contains permanent programs and information most frequently used RAM holds 64 kilobytes 65 535 bytes of information RAM can be read from and written to The data in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off so any pro gram or data stored in RAM has to be saved onto a diskette 15 STORAGE PROGRAMS AND INFORMATION Diskettes store information in the form of files The number of files that can be stored on a diskette depends on how much information is in each file The KAYPRO 2 uses 5 A4 inch SINGLE sided soft sector diskettes which can store 195K bytes 4K bytes are reserved for the operating system and other essentials leaving 191K bytes of space for approximately 60 typewritten pages of text for you to use to store information The KAYPRO 4 uses 5 inch DOUBLE sided soft sector diskettes which store 390K bytes 4K bytes are reserved for the operating system and other essentials leaving 386K bytes of space for approximately 120 typewritten pages of text for you to use to store information 16 CARE DISKETTES Floppy diskettes store data on a magnetic surface that is vulnerable to damage which could result in the loss of data Here are a few simple guidelines for handling and using your diskettes to help prevent loss of data HANDLE DISKETTES WITH CARE Do not flex or bend diskettes Do not touch the brown exposed portions of
12. front of the computer and GENTLY place the rubber feet on the back of the keyboard 8 Plug one end of the coiled cable into the J3 keyboard jack the back the computer The clip on the plastic connector should be up 9 Plug the other end of the cable into the jack on the back of the keyboard The clip on the plastic connector should be down uA eeu m ddr sun pd T Dem eu uL Ee Ar Tf MM M M 4 c SS zi 2 10 Remove the cardboard disk drive protectors from each of the disk drives If you close the computer to carry it reinsert these protectors A handy place to keep them is tucked under the handle on the back of the computer If you ever ship your KAYPRO be sure to place these protectors in the disk drives or the drive warranty will be void 11 Make sure the ON OFF rocker type switch on the back of the computes is turned OFF down 12 Then connect the computer to the power source Before you turn the computer ON take the time to read the next section It contains information regarding memory the CP M operating system the screen the cursor and floppy diskettes BECOMING ACQUAINTED WITH YOUR COMPUTER 9 POWER AMO KEYS ON THE LEFT OF THE KEYBOARD The ESCape key is used accord ing to instructions TAB key moves the cursor horizontally a set number of spaces and inserts those spaces dep
13. keypad configuration Reset the computer by pressing the reset button on the back panel or by entering a CTRL C After the A prompt type CONFIG Press RETURN From the main menu select Numerical keypad definitions by typing 4 From the seconden menu select Change the Numerical keypad set tings by typing 2 On the diagram of the keypad which appears there will be two sets of numbers on each key The top number is the number shown on the key pad the bottom number is its hex equivalent 59 10 11 12 13 14 15 Follow the instructions on the right of the screen to enter new hex values for the keys you want to change When you have entered the hex values for the keys you want to change go to the secondary menu by pressing ESCape Return to the main menu by pressing ESCape again Press ESCape one more time If you want to effect the changes type y Press ESCape When you see the A prompt remove the CP M disk from drive A and in sert the reconfigured disk in drive A Press the reset button on the back panel of the computer Remember you will have to use either a cold boot or a reset when you bringup a program with a reconfigured keypad to activate the changes That s all there is to it Now you may want to put your diagram above the keypad until you get used to the new configuration 60 PROGRAM TO TURN OFF THE KEYBOARD BEEPER This program is in the M BASIC programming language See your
14. mH 9 01 M e Ar PAS 05 4 04 8 12 5 03 M ace ad pce PAQ 15 18 2 DO 5 i 054 17 10 P10 NOTE PBT 4 J2 PBG 53 1 31 O EID DATA 2 9 PB3 30 1 GND 16 17 19 30 33 23 O Et2 N C 10 12 15 18 31 32 34 36 AQ 28 O E13 1 B A PRO 21 E14 GPPIO T Parpy He 7 PORT READY PASTE 16 OEIS PORT A STROBE PBRDY 2 8 PORT B READY peste 17 PORT B STROBE INT GND IEO 24 23Y n 22 PRL2 Y PRI 3 FROM 072 PIN 22 INT TO 03 PIN 1 50 52 SERIAL PORT QuvOdA 3 VINO 11035 3 0 041303 01 110 YLVA 5 AQV3M 135 Viva 450 133130 3313345 Viva 020 KOVAA IVWNIWSAIL 410 QN3S OL 3wW3 2 S12 QN3S OL 153 93 OLY 34132398 0 4 VIVA LIWSNYJL 1 OND 95 QN H2 91 20 OL NI v2 240 01 tad ee ef gt f xm p 54514 2 t f ve f 2 S 02 2 L b of a 9 34 9 9236 Lc30 0 lt j B8vIIN 990 20 410 AS L bd 32015 Lv 20 0 50 p t Qva Lo
15. or 61 30 93 50 125 7D 30 RS or 62 gt 94 5E 1200 31 1F US or e3 3F 95 5 __ 127 DEL NOTE characters with a caret in front of them are called control 57 characters and produced by pressing the CTRL key and holding it down while pressing the other key For example the A control A character is generated by pressing the CTRL and A keys simultanously 58 RECONFIGURING THE KEYPAD If you have little use for entering numerical data with the numeric keypad at the right of the KAYPRO keyboard but use the CTRL key a great deal you may want to reconfigure the keypad keys to enable you to activate with one functions which usually take two The reconfiguration changes the keypad codes for a particular disk You can put one configuration a word processing disk another configuration on a spreadsheet disk another configuration on a data base disk etc It is done using hexadecimal but we make it easy by providing the table of decimal hexadecimal character codes Look in the index under chart Here is the procedure 1 Make a diagram of the keypad with the changes you want to make This will help you in the reconfiguration and after the reconfiguration will serve to remind you of the functions you have given the keys Insert into drive A the CP M diskette Insert into drive B the diskette having the program for which you would like to change the
16. that is used for un changing information and programs Information stored in ROM is not volatile and will remain intact regardless of whether the power to the computer is on or off a KAYPRO double density diskette has a format which consists of 10 sectors on each track with each sector containing 512 bytes of information a program on the CP M disk that gives the statistics of a disk s files showing how much space in kilobytes each file is using and how much empty space is left on a disk a program on the CP M disk that transfers CP M from one disk to another a ring of information on a diskette The standard KAYPRO double density diskette has 40 tracks a program often used For example PIP is a utility program details in the CP M manual that allows the transfer of files 67 56 A prompt 23 24 _ keys see cursor keys 13 ASCII characters 57 assignments pin 45 47 48 asterisk 35 backup copies 19 baud 47 baud rate 50 baud rate table 49 BDOS 32 BDOS error 24 beeper 61 BIOS 32 boot 23 24 brightness 14 25 brownouts electrical 43 BUSY line 45 46 CAPS LOCK key 10 CCP 32 CCP prompts 26 Centronics type connector 45 cleaning the computer 44 cold boot 23 CONFIG 12 for serial printer 49 Console Command Program 26 control functions in CP M 55 control key 10 55 COPY 28 copying files 37 copying diskettes 37 32 INDEX CTRL key see control key 10 55 cursor 13
17. the PIP command 37 Er sing filles 39 vp Ont RAP SY 40 Troubleshooting 2 22 2 5 4 49 ES eS EEA 41 MaNenance 2 2 RO 44 2 22 222 gt 45 printer 2 2 32555 5 52 505 59 2 7 25 RUE eked 45 YE 47 printer port 52328 1 sex aus Ex RR 48 Serial port assignrfenta access HQ Rena ddan REPRE 49 Haud rds table 25222555 S tee 49 ad eS SES lise cue P e 50 Memory of the KAYPRO computer irs 54 Control key and functions 58 Video command protoCOl kesa ean enma mmm 56 ASCII 57 Reconfiguring the keypad 59 Program to turn off the keyboard beeper 61 PCG Intomalioli sunto rra 62 GLOSSARY e ea arr Pad d 64 MEET THE KAYPRO We hope that you will enjoy many useful and pleasurable years with your computer whether at business or at home Whether you are new to
18. the diskettes as chemicals or oils on the fingers can damage stored data KEEP DISKETTES COVERED Keep diskettes in their protective covers when not in use STORE DISKETTES SAFELY Store diskettes in a container or file in a clean dry cool place away from magnetic fields away from the computer telephone lines etc Do not place diskettes on top of the computer 17 POWER not put the diskettes in the drives until the power is turned ON Always remove the diskettes before turning OFF the power QNEM INSERT DISKETTES CAREFULLY When inserting diskettes into the drives hold them at the label edge with the label up and the seam side down No force is necessary to insert them Push down on the door until it clicks RESET THE COMPUTER AFTER CHANGING DISKETTES When the drive door is closed after inserting a diskette the information on that diskette is loaded in to the computer and stays there until the computer is reset or turned off even though the diskette is removed If you remove one diskette and insert another without resetting the computer the information from the newly inserted diskette will load but there will be problems So after changing diskettes ALWAYS reset the computer by either pushing the reset button on the back panel or simultaneously pressing the CTRL key and the C key TO REMOVE A DISKETTE Open the drive door by pushing in at the top of the drive door Gently pull the di
19. ENEVER YOU CHANGE DISKETTES Strange things may happen you may do something that the program com puter doesn t expect or there may be a bug a hole in the logic of a program Do NOT pull the plug or turn off the machine as doing this can cause problems with the diskettes as well as destroy information which is in the machine at the time In such circumstances push the reset button on the back of the computer This will destroy information which is in the computer but will not affect the in formation which has been saved on the diskettes 24 STARTING THE KAYPRO 1 Tum on the computer using the power switch on the back panel The power light and the drive A light will illuminate The light for drive A will remain lighted unless you give a command for the computer to go to drive 2 f after a moment there is nothing on the screen use the brightness control knob on the back panel to adjust the brightness BRIGHTNESS CONTROL a Onn M SYSTEMS iN C 90569 D 33 STEVENS ave ANA M ACH CA 92075 v4 3 IMPORTANT You cannot use the diskettes which came with your KAYPRO as they are you need to copy these master diskettes Follow the instruc tions given for Copying Your Master Diskettes 25 4 general rule the working copies of program diskettes go in drive and diskettes for data go in drive B 5 When a program diskette is put in drive A an A p
20. HE KAYPRO Meet the KAYPRO What you WII Deed OSEE e eR Setting up your ITE WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Keys on the left of the keyboard Keys on theright of the keyboard ax A The Wo The cursor and cursor Keys THE DIG green SClCCN c oS eben MEMON iP PPP Storage of programs and Cale aue QU Wed Namina v ERR nde de d CETERAE PCR Cold boot and warm STARTING THE COMPUTER Starting the c rS Turning off the Copying master diskettes ATER EEE Formatting a diskette USING UTILITY FILES CP M the program which operates the 32 Using the filedirectory 34 Getting statistics about files onadiskette 35 Putting a file on the screen or on paper usinn CPI 2 V nte eg EUR E Ren 36 Copying files from one diskette to another using
21. However when accessing pro grams you may type file names and drive names in lower case In computer books the generic name for a file is filename When you see this 21 substitute the name of the file you want to use but do not type the angle brackets lt gt Include the file type if there is one 22 _ COLD AND WARM Cold boot and warm boot are computer slang for two processes which also called cold start and warm start COLD This is the process which starts the computer when you turn it on When you see the A prompt on the screen the cold boot has been accom plished and the computer is ready for a program to be implemented 23 This is the process which restarts the computer while is turned on When it is restarted the memory is cleared Some programs do a warm boot for you when the program is finished and you will see the message Warm Boot gt When you see the A prompt is waiting for you to enter the name of a pro gram you want to run or to give it a warm boot instruction To give the warm boot instruction press the CTRL key and the C key at the same time Warm boot the computer whenever you change disks so that CP M can remap the diskette into memory Otherwise it will give a BDOS error message Some programs will keep track when you change diskettes but generally IT IS GOOD TO FORM THE HABIT OF DOING A WARM BOOT WH
22. OPY Press the RETURN key Put a new empty diskette into drive B with the write protect notch at the left When the main menu appears choose the COPY option by typing c When you have read the message on the screen remove the CP M diskette from drive A unless you are copying the CP M diskette itself Insert the diskette that you want to copy into drive A To start the copying process press the RETURN key The track numbers will display as they are being copied 00 through 39 on the KAYPRO 2 and 00 through 79 on the KAYPRO 4 When the last track has been copied there will appear a list of programs which are on the new diskette 28 11 12 13 14 e f you do not want the menu of a program to automatically appear each time you insert a program diskette press RETURN e f the diskette you are copying does not contain a program press RETURN CPIM will be written to the disk and the program will return to the main menu Remove the diskette from drive A Remove the new working copy from drive B Label it with the appropriate sticker provided in the software package or make a label if you are copying a diskette other than a master diskette To make working copies of all your master diskettes put the next diskette you wish to copy into drive A and go back to step 5 to repeat the procedure J until all the working copies of the master diskettes are made 15 Store the master diskettes in a safe place to be
23. andles files on diskettes BIOS the Basic Input Output System which communicates with printers and other peripheral devices and CCP the Console Command Program which communicates between you the user at the keyboard and the internal processing of the computer 32 At your command the does useful functions by means of utility pro grams After you have learned to start and stop the KAYPRO you can get an idea of what is available by viewing the KAYPRO LRN file Although this pro gram was originally written for the KAYPRO 2 the information is also useful for the KAYPRO 4 To read this file 1 2 3 4 on or reset the computer Put the working copy of the Perfect Writer EDIT DISK in drive A Put the working copy of the Perfect Writer LESSONS DISK in drive B After the A gt prompt type PW B KAYPRO LRN Press RETURN You will get some useful information from viewing this file On the following pages are instructions for using the CP M utility files 33 USING THE FILE DIRECTORY To list the files which on a diskette at the A gt prompt type DIR Press RETURN 34 GETTING STATISTICS ABOUT FILES DISKETTE The STAT command provides STATistics about the space used and the space available on a disk The prompt A or B indicates the currently logged disk drive This is the disk drive on which the computer automatically looks for files if the drive name A or B is
24. d to either assembly language see the ASM section of your CP M manual or high level languages like S BASIC acronym for MOdulation DEModulation a device that connects a computer terminal to another computer terminal via a com munications link such as the telephone system With the KAYPRO modems are connected directly to the RS 232C con nector at the rear of the machine information displayed or used to control devices external to a computer By extension the process or means of getting infor mation out of a computer any device connected to and used with your computer e g a printer or modem a set of instructions for a computer the SOFTWARE When these instructions are in a high level language like BASIC they will always have to be converted into a set of low level or machine language instructions by either an interpreter or a compiler S BASIC a unique character or characters displayed by a program to in form the user that the program requires some instruction or in formation In CP M the A is a prompt waiting for the user to enter a command 66 STAT SYSGEN TRACK UTILITY acronym for Random Access Memory the memory that the computer uses for short term storage of information and pro grams Unlike ROM the information stored in RAM is change able and volatile meaning it will disappear when the power to the computer is turned off acronym for Read Only Memory the memory
25. drive use one of the following ERAse commands To erase a file by its full name ERA X Y all files with a certain file name ERA X all files with a certain file type ERA LTR all files on the current diskette ERA The question will appear ALL FILES Y N If you want ALL your files erased answer y if you don t want all your files erased answer n Be careful with this command 3 To erase a file from a diskette in the other drive use the above com mands but precede the file name with the letter of the other drive followed colon Example ERA B X Y 39 RENAMING A FILE To REName a file on a diskette in drive A after the A prompt To change file Type OLDNAME DOC REN NEWNAME DOC z OLDNAME DOC to NEWNAME DOC If the file to be renamed is on a diskette in the drive B then precede the file name with B 40 TECHNICAL INFORMATION TROUBLESHOOTING If you have difficulties in operating your KAYPRO PLEASE check the following list of symptoms and remedies before calling your dealer Of course when pro grams don t do what you expect read the manual for that program If the following quick checks don t fix the problem contact your dealer for assistance with both the operation of your software and the service needed for your KAYPRO 41 SYMPTOM Programs won t load or execute PROBABLE CAUSES AND REMEDIES 1 No AC power Be sure that the power cord is plugged in Check the
26. e the NULL character will be displayed on the screen as an accent grave 56 ASCII CHART Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char 0 00 NUL 32 20 Space 64 40 96 60 1 01 A 33 21 65 41 97 61 a 2 02 or 34 22 66 42 98 62 b 23 03 ETXoOr C 35 23 67 43 99 63 4 04 EOT or 36 24 68 44 100 64 25 05 37 25 69 45 101 65 6 06 or 38 26 amp 70 46 102 66 f 7 07 BEL or G 39 27 71 47 103 67 g 8 08 BS 40 28 72 48 104 68 h 9 00 HT or l 41 29 73 49 105 69 10 A LF 42 2A 74 4A J 106 6A 11 B VT 43 2B 75 4B K 107 6B 12 C FF 44 2C 76 4C L 108 6C 13 D 45 20 77 40 109 60 14 E SO or N 46 2E 78 4E 110 6E n 15 F SI or O 47 2 79 4F 111 6F 16 10 DLE P 48 30 0 80 50 112 70 17 11 DC1 or 49 31 1 81 51 Q 113 71 q 18 12 DC2 or R 50 32 2 82 52 114 72 19 13 or S 51 33 3 83 53 5 115 73 s 20 14 DC4 or T 52 34 4 84 54 116 74 t 21 15 or U 53 gt 335 5 85 55 U 117 75 22 16 SYN or 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 23 17 ETB or W 55 37 7 87 57 119 77 24 18 CAN or X 56 38 8 88 58 120 78 25 19 EM oor Y 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 26 1 SUB or 2 58 90 5 2 122 2 27 18 ESC or 59 91 5B 123 7B 28 1 FS or 60 3C lt 92 5C 124 7 29 10 GS
27. e device until the next CTRL P is typed CTRL R Retypes current command line types a clean line following character deletion with rubouts CTRL S Stops the console output temporarily To restart press any key CTRL U Cancels the entire line typed at the console and moves the cursor to new line CTRL X Deletes the current line and returns cursor to the beginning of the same line CTRL Z input from console used PIP and ED 55 VIDEO COMMAND PROTOCOL The KAYPRO video section was designed to imitate most of the control se quences of a Lear Siegler ADM 3A terminal For most commercial software this means you can install or customize the display characteristics by choosing ADM 3A from the menu For custom software or those instances where there is no choice of ADM 3A on the menu the complete command protocol for the KAYPRO is Control Characters Action Dec Hex Ring Bell 07 07 Cursor left non destructive 08 98 Cursor Right 12 0C Cursor Down 10 OA Cursor Up 11 B Erase to end of screen 23 17 Erase to end of line 24 18 Clear screen home cursor 26 1A Home cursor 30 1 ESCape Sequences Insert line ESCape R Delete line ESCape E Cursor address ESCape 32 col 32 Please note that while the normal ASCII printable characters are displayed on the screen the operation of control codes not documented above is subject to change and may not be what your software expects As an exampl
28. efore you purchase any serial printer insist upon a demonstration of its operation There are three things you must do if you are to use a serial printer with the KAYPRO computer 1 You must tell CP M to redirect the printer output to the serial interface Use STAT to change the physical assignment like this A gt STAT LST You can make the change from a parallel printer LPT to serial TTY per manent on some of your diskettes by using the CONFIG program on your CP M S BASIC diskette 2 You should make sure that the line being used by your computer for data transmission pin 2 of connector J4 is connected to the printer s data recep tion pin this is usually but not always pin 3 of the printer connector 3 The remaining task is to take care of the hand shaking signal lines You can strap the signals so that they are always true i e connect pins 8 and 5 of connector J4 to pin 6 The potential problem with defeating the handshak ing lines in this manner is that you have to limit your baud rate to avoid over writing the printer s internal buffer For example if you leave the KAYPRO s baud rate at 300 baud your printer must be able to print at least 30 characters per second If you have problems with overwriting the buffer in your serial printer you will have to implement some handshaking to correct the problem The KAYPRO uses pin 5 CLEAR TO SEND see the following figure as an indicator of printer readi nes
29. ending on the program in use The CONTROL key is used si multaneously with letter keys to do certain functions Depress the CTRL key then while it is depressed type the letter Some times the control function will display as a character followed by a second character The CAPS LOCK key puts alpha betic characters in upper case Press once to activate it the red light on the key goes on press again to deactivate it The SHIFT key is used simultan eously with letter keys to put alphabetic characters in upper case KEYS THE RIGHT OF THE KEYBOARD The BACKSPACE key moves the cursor backward sometimes deleting the character over which it moves depending on the program being used The DELETE key echoes the previous character while de leting it You will see this hap pen if you try to use the key to correct command lines It has other functions depending on the program being used For in stance in word processing pro grams it simply deletes the previous character much like a self correcting typewriter The RETURN key moves the cur sor down a line and returns the cursor to the left of the screen also tells the com puter to execute a command and has various other uses RET and CR are computer symbols to indicate that you should press the return key The LINE FEED key moves the cursor down one line with no return to the left 11 BACK SPACE
30. fied peripherals is likely to result in interference to radio and TV reception NOTE TO PRESERVE THE EMI CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPUTER EMI SUPPRESSING CABLES MUST BE USED TO CONNECT TO PERIPHERAL DEVICES CABLE APPLICATION REMARK Keyboard to KAYPRO 81 255 Supplied with KAYPRO OR 81 285 KAYPRO Internal Modem to Phone System 81 419 Option KAYPRO Serial Port to Serial Peripheral Printer Plotter Modem 81 425 Option KAYPRO Parallel Port to Printer 81 426 Option 63 ADDRESS ASCII BACK UP BAUD RATE BDOS BIOS BIT BOOT BUFFER BUG BYTE GLOSSARY a number used by the computer to keep track of different memory locations acronym for American Standard Code for Information Inter change 7 bit code for representing character data such as Hah ters punctuation etc to copy information or programs on diskettes as a protective measure the speed of serial communications BAUD is used generally to mean bits per second 300 baud would be 300 bits second or 30 characters per second acronym for Basic Disk Operating System the section of CP M that keeps track of disk files acronym for Basic Input Output System the section of CP M that handles the hardware of the KAYPRO a binary digit the smallest piece of information a computer can handle see BYTE loading CP M into the computer s memory from drive A COLD BOOT occurs when the machine is first turned on or the reset button is pressed
31. her copy of your master diskette Incorrect instruction sequence Check the appropriate manual to insure that you are using the correct operations and sequence 43 MAINTENANCE Because of the generally high reliability of modern solid state components with normal use your computer should need very little maintenance or service It is important to keep the computer and diskettes dust free The computer itself can be cleaned with a damp lint free cloth A mild kitchen detergent can be used if necessary Care for peripheral devices such as printers should be covered in the manual that came with the device 44 CONNECTING A PRINTER Parallel Printer Your KAYPRO computer comes equipped with a Centronics type connector on the back panel labeled J2 PRINTER OUTPUT If you have a printer with a similar 36 pin connector then all you need is a standard parallel printer cable available from your dealer to connect the two units If you have a non standard connector your printer or cannot find a suitable cable already assembled then the following pin assignments should prove useful to the person who fabricates your cable 1 STROBE gt A negative going signal to printer which indicates that the data being sent is valid 2 DATA1 3 2 5 4 3 5 4 gt Data lines to printer 6 gt 7 6 gt 8 7 2 9 8 gt
32. ith the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a resi dential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver 62 Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio televi sion technician for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 WARNING This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules Only peripherals computer input output devices terminals printers etc certified to comply with the Class B limits may be attached to this computer Operation with non certi
33. n t specified If the currently logged drive the one with the light on is A then the command STAT will show how much space is available for use on the diskette in drive A STAT B will show how much space is available for use on the diskette in drive B STAT will show how much space is used by each file on the diskette in drive A as well as how much space is left STAT B will show how much space is used by each file on the diskette in drive B as well as how much space is left You can change the currently logged disk drive to drive B After the A prompt type Press RETURN and you will see the prompt B Now if you type STAT you ll see the STAT of the disk in drive B To get back to drive A type Press RETURN 35 PUTTING A FILE ON THE SCREEN OR ON PAPER USING If you want to quickly check the contents of a document file h 2 7 Turn or reset the computer Insert into the diskette with the that you want to check Type type Leave a space then type the name of the file including the file type like this A gt type lt filename ext gt Press RETURN The contents of the file will quickly scroll To stop the scrolling enter the command CTRL S To restart the scrolling again enter the command CTRL S If you want to print the contents of a document file without using a word proc essing system 1 2 Turn on or reset the compu
34. nts 49 serial printer 47 48 setup 3 software 28 starting the KAYPRO 25 STATistics 35 System port and i o select 51 symptoms and remedies 41 43 technical information 41 teletype configuration 47 transmit buffer empty 49 troubleshooting 41 43 turning off the KAYPRO 27 TYPE 36 utility files 32 video command protocol 56 video display none 42 warm boot 23 24 warranty back of title page wild card 38 write protect notch 20 Place stamp here KAYPRO Corporation P O Box N Del Mar CA 92014 Attn Publications Department We welcome your comments our manuals as aid to making them better tools for the user Please tell us of the manual The page Your comment The name of the manual The page Your comment Are you an experienced computer user If you would like an answer tell us Your name Your street address Your city state and ZIP
35. ows information to be written to or read from a diskette e f this notch is covered information can only be read FROM the diskette An example is the master diskettes for the KAYPRO programs They have no write protect notches so that you can t inadvertently write onto them e f you want to write information to a diskette don t cover its write protect notch e When you want to ensure that you do not accidently erase stored informa tion cover the write protect notch with the tabs provided with new diskettes 20 NAMING FILES Files must be named according to established practices and the file names must be typed correctly B NAME MSS The letter of The actual name It The extent describes the the drive describes the contents kind of file such as LTR for which con of the file is no longer letter It is preceded by a tains the file It than eight characters period and is no more than must be and must start with an three characters long An followed alphabetic character extent is optional colon There are some characters that you must NOT use in a file name uoo X y trf 0 Eds ou 9 We recommend that you use only the letters A to Z and the number 0 to 9 as some programs may have problems with other characters BE SURE to type the letter of the drive you want before the file name otherwise the computer will stay in the current drive When creating a file use upper case letters
36. power switch and any switches controlling the wall outlet No video display Adjust the brightness control on the rear panel Disk drive door not closed properly Diskette in drive doesn t contain CP M Put the diskette into drive and the diskette which isn t loading into drive B Type SYSGEN Follow the prompts Diskette isn t the one expected by the operating program Diskette isn t in the drive correctly label side should be up seam side down and write protect notch at left Diskette has been damaged Try making another copy from your master Incorrect response to a prompt or invalid menu selection check for error message from program You re asking the program to do something it can t When all else fails read your manual 42 SYMPTOM Computer unexpectedly ignores keyboard entries It operates all right after pressing the reset button on the back panel PROBABLE CAUSES AND REMEDIES 2 Disconnect and reconnect the ele cord which attaches the to the computer Fluctuations in the AC power line Use another outlet or an External Power Conditioner Some battery backup units will filter out noise from heavy elec trical machinery as well as cover for temporary brownouts External peripheral devices or their connection cables may be at fault Try operation without peripheral or with different cable to isolate the problem Damaged or faulty disk Try anot
37. r s manual for the peripheral Optional Line Filter If you have heavy machinery operating from the same power source or if you ex perience frequent power shortages or surges it may be advisable to use a line filter Optional Backup Power Source To provide continuous power in case of a power outage backup power sources are available from various manufacturers Contact your dealer about this SETTING UP YOUR KAYPRO When unpacking your KAYPRO be sure to save the packing materials in case you want to ship it some day 1 Set the KAYPRO on the work surface where you want the keyboard to be because the keyboard is on the bottom While it is in this position look at the rear panel to locate the controls switches and ports KEYBOARD SERIAL PRINTER PARALLEL PRINTER I O RESET BUTTON MODEM 1 0 NON LINEAR 31911548 iC vo o9 569e MP SOLANA BEACH CA 92074 USA ON OFF FUSE BRIGHTNESS KNOB Then turn the KAYPRO so the ventilated side faces away from your work position Unwind the AC line power cord but DO NOT PLUG IT IN YET Push down the tops of the latches on both sides of the KAYPRO and then pull out the lower parts of the latches to detach them from the keyboard 5 Carefully lift the computer off the keyboard and lay it on the working sur face with the large ventilated surface down 6 Place the keyboard where you can use it comfortably 7 Lift the
38. rompt will display This is the Console Command Program CCP prompt You need to enter the infor mation necessary to access the program this information can be found in the appropriate manual for the program INDICATOR LIGHTS POWER ON DISK DRIVE INDICATOR LIGHTS Small red light on front panel beside Small red lights next to the door of disk drives tells you that the power each disk drive tell you which drive is ON was selected last EN MAY PPO 41 2 w GCE EER RR ous www WW 26 TURNING OFF THE KAYPRO 1 Be sure the file on which you are working is closed according to the instruc tions in the manual for the program you are using 2 When you see the CCP prompt A remove the diskettes 3 Turn off the computer using the power switch on the back panel 27 COPYING MASTER DISKETTES Before you can use the software which came with your KAYPRO you must copy each of the master diskettes The general process is the same every time you copy a diskette The COPY program is on the CP M diskette To use it 1 Turn on the KAYPRO using the power switch on the back panel of the computer Insert the CP M diskette into drive A with the label facing up Close the drive door and wait until the display shows the CP M version number and the A prompt To run the copy program type C
39. s For proper handshaking the serial printer must produce a not busy signal for pin 5 that is high when the printer can accept data Details of the hand shaking your printer requires should be in its owner s manual 47 SERIAL PRINTER PORT RS 232C Note that the serial printer port on the KAYPRO and 4 is wired as DTE Data Ter minal Equipment Pin assignments for the SERIAL PRINTER PORT DTE Pin Chassis ground Pin Transmit Data to computer Pin Receive Data from computer 1 2 3 Pin 4 Request to send Pin 5 Clear to send Pin 6 Data set ready Pin 7 Signal ground Pin 8 Data Carrier Detect 0 Data Terminal Ready 48 SERIAL PORT ASSIGNMENTS For Modem serial channel PORT 4 is the Z 80 SIO data port PORT 6 is the Z 80 SIO control and status port Received character available is obtained by testing bit O of the status port Transmit Buffer Empty is obtained by testing bit 2 of the status port Other details can be found in the Z 80 documentation available from Zilog The serial output is an 8 bit word with one start one stop and no parity Baud Rate Table Baud Rate 1 m 50 75 110 134 5 150 300 Note The default baud rate 600 will be 300 baud when the 1200 E KAYPRO is first turned on or 1800 when the reset button is 2000 pressed unless you change 2400 it with the CONFIG program on 3600 the CP M S BASIC diskette 4800
40. skette from the opening 18 STORE INFORMATION FREQUENTLY Save information as you create it about two to four times an hour and store your work whenever you leave the computer even briefly The procedure for storing information depends on the program being used MAKE BACKUP COPIES Make working copies of your master diskettes following the instructions given in this User s Guide Then put your master diskettes away in a safe place Use your working copies for everyday use Make backup copies of any diskettes you make to ensure that if one is lost or damaged you will still have a copy LABEL DISKS CAREFULLY Immediately label and date all diskettes which contain programs or data Use the KAYPRO labels provided to identify your working copy diskettes Use plain press apply labels to identify the files on other diskettes When labeling diskettes write the label first and then apply it to your diskette If you must write on a label which is already on a diskette use only a soft felt tip pen as a ballpoint pen can damage a diskette 19 DIVISION OF NON DEL MAR CP M SERIAL WRITE PROTECT NOTCH Version 2 2 Copyrght 198115 apta Heseant pa S BASIC Compiler Copy night 1982 by TOPAZ Programme software this diskette be used and copied in accordance with f license agreement HEAD ACCESS INDEX HOLE WRITE PROTECT NOTCH A write protect notch all
41. ter Insert into drive A the diskette containing the file that you want to print Ready your printer Enter the command CTRL P At the A prompt type type Leave a space then type the letter of the drive containing the file a colon and the name of the file as above Press RETURN The file will print 36 Turn on or reset the KAYPRO At the A prompt type When the asterisk appears To copy files from drive COPYING FILES FROM ONE DISK TO ANOTHER USING THE PIP COMMAND Put the CP M diskette into drive A Press RETURN remove the CP M diskette Put into drive A the diskette FROM which you want to copy Put into drive B the diskette TO which you want to copy A to drive B type A as given below Choose one of the following options substituting your file name where it says FILENAME and your file type where it says EXT 37 To copy ONE file type A FILENAME EXT OV copy ALL the files which on the diskette type a wild card A OV all the files which have the same EXTENT type a and the parti cular extent for example A LTRIOV When the files are finished copying stop the PIP program by pressing RETURN 38 ERASING FILES E You can erase files from the directory of a diskette in one of several ways 1 Tum on or reset the computer 2 Toerase a file from a diskette in the currently logged
42. used if you have to copy them again 29 FORMATTING DISKETTE Formatting prepares a new diskette so that information can be stored it It is good to format all new diskettes as soon as you buy them so that you will have them ready when you need them During the copy process described previously the formatting was done automatically When you format a disk it is magnetically imprinted with 40 circular tracks each track having 10 sectors 30 To format diskette use the BLANK option from the copy program To do this 1 Turn on or reset the computer 2 Insert the working copy of your CP M diskette in drive A 3 Type COPY Press the RETURN key When the main menu appears choose the BLANK option by typing B Read the message on the screen and insert a new diskette into drive B Press the RETURN key You will see the formatting track numbers 00 through 39 When the last track is formatted CP M will be written to the disk and the main menu will appear again To exit type E The diskette in drive B is now ready to store information 31 CP M THE PROGRAM WHICH OPERATES THE KAYPRO Your KAYPRO computer uses the CP M Control Program for Microprocessors operating system Most CP M functions operate without your being aware of them but a few utility files can be used under your control Three important automatic components of CP M are BDOS the Basic Disk Operating System which h
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