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8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch User`s Manual

1. 54 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration 55 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration 58 4 2 5 PVID Configuration 61 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration 63 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration 64 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration 65 4 2 9 Bandwidth Management 74 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration 76 4 2 11 Max Packet Length 77 4 3 MONITORING 78 4 3 1 Statistics Overview 78 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics 79 4 4 MAINTENANCE 82 4 4 1 Status 82 4 4 1 1 System Status 83 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Status 85 4 4 1
2. OxAAAA SNAP OxEOEO Novell IPX OxFOFO NetBios OxFEFE IOS network layer PDU OxFFFF Novell IPX 802 3 RAW packet 0x4242 STP BPDU 0x0606 IP 0x9898 ARP Table 3 2 LLC type 1 connectionless service LLC type 2 connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledge connectionless service are three types of LLC frame for all classes of service In Fig 3 2 it shows the format of Service Access Point SAP Please refer to IEEE802 2 for more details User Manual DSAP SSAP lt address field address field LSB of address Least significant bit Least significant bit of address fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer VG 0 Individual DSAP VG 1 Group DSAP Fig 3 2 SAP Format 2i Command CR CR Response XODDDDDD DSAP address XOSSSSSS SSAP address X1DDDDDD Reserved for ISO definition XISSSSSS Reserved for ISO definition 3 2 Media Access Control MAC MAC Addressing Because LAN is composed of many nodes for the data exchanged among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In OSI model each layer provides its own mean to identify the unique address in some form for example IP address in network layer The MAC is belonged to Data Link Layer Layer 2 the address is defined to be a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address is applied only to the Ethernet LAN media ac
3. 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel AC Line 100 240V 50 60 Hz Fig 1 3 Rear View of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 5 View of the Optional Modules In the switch Port 7 8 includes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi SC this port supports 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion nine optional SFP types provided for the switch are listed below 1000Mbps LC MM SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 202 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 10 1000Mbps LC SM 30km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 30 1000Mbps LC SM 50km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 50 1000Mbps LC SM 70km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 70 1000Mbps LC SM 110km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 B0 1000Mbps BiDi SC type 1 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver SFP OBS 621 201 1000Mbps BiDi SC type 2 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver SFP 0BS 621 202 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM SFP DLC 212 10 Fig 1 4 Front View of 1000Base SX LX LC SFP Fiber Transceiver Fig 1 5 Front View of 1000Base LX BiDi SC SFP Fiber Transceiver User Manual 2 Installation 2 1 Starting 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Up This section will give users a quick start for Hardware
4. slotTime H _____ _ m FCS Coverage H ale collision threshold slotTime Duration of Carrier Event In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed simultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is much easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransmission schedule padding bits for short frame The rest functions follow the specification of IEEE802 3 For example it must meet the requirement of minimum inter frame gap between successive frames and frame format the same as that in the half duplex operation Because no collision will happen in full duplex operation for sure there is no mechanism to tell all the involved devices What will it be if receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the source device A function flow control is introduced in the full duplex operation User Manual 3 3 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism to tell the source device stopping sending frame for a specified period of time designated by target device until the PAUSE time expires This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE frame from target device to source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to s
5. then we can see that some special port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have been configured already User also has the right to modify these port numbers The display is shown as Fig 4 16 Special TCP UDP class There are two modes for selection including Low and High Default class all other TCP UDP ports There are two modes for selection including Low and High Port User can set up the port 1 8 respectively to let Special TDP UDP class function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is allowed to choose All selection to simplify the procedure of configuration Special UDP TCP Port Selection The following are port numbers defined by six specific networks in L4 Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP 1718 1719 1720 Prioritize iSCS1 3225 3260 3420 Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize Streaming Audio Video 2979 1755 7070 7071 554 8000 Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft 66 1571 1575 523 118 156 3306 1232 1433 1434 User Manual es eee Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration Disabile W TEP UOP Pert Cheesificaten Doma prsittize web beowsing asil FTP and sows Prisiitirs IP Telephony Voi Piberitige O08 Prbetitice wed browni
6. mode The local port has to be preset its capability User Manual Flow Control Show each port s flow control status There are two types of flow control in Ethernet Backpressure for half duplex operation and Pause flow control IEEE802 3x for full duplex operation The switch supports both of them Default Enabled Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 86 User Manual 4 4 1 3 Aggregation Function name Aggregation Status Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking Parameter description Normal Display the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Display the members of the Group Aggregation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 aPEEEREE Fig 4 26 User Manual 4 4 1 4 VLAN Function name VLAN Status Function description Display the status of VLAN mode and VLAN group setting Parameter description VLAN Mode Display Port based Tag based and metro mode which depends on the setting in VLAN mode configuration function ID Display the Group ID Description Display the description defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group VID Display VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member Display the port members belonging to each VLAN Group VLAN i Tag Based LAN 1 Default 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fig 4 27 Tag based VLAN VLAN L Port Based VLAN 1 Def
7. Disable Stop VLAN function on the switch In this mode no VLAN is applied to the switch This is the default setting Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or outgoing from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted No filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example for a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 contains port members Port 1 amp 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 1 you can communicate with port 28384 If you are on the port 5 then you cannot talk to them Each port based VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to maximal 8 port based VLAN groups Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its member by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the packet will be screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports supplement of 802 1q For more details please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3 Each tag based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name and VLAN ID Valid VLAN ID is 1 4094 User can create total up to 8 Tag VLAN groups User Manual Metro Mode The Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment method on Port based VLAN It will create 7 or 6 Port based VLAN groups Giga Switch 538 FW gt VLAN Mode Configu
8. 3 Aggregation 87 4 4 1 4 VLAN 88 4 4 1 5 Mirror 90 4 4 1 6 Trap Event 91 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length 92 4 4 2 Warm Restart 93 4 4 3 Factory Default 94 4 4 4 Logout 95 CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE 0 0 020 0 0000000 96 5 1 RESOLVING No LINK CONDITION 96 5 2 Q amp A 96 APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 97 iii Caution Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always e Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before you pick up the circuit device e Pick up the device by holding it on th
9. 6 to 3 6 1 2 can be used It means you do not have to tell from them just plug it Use Cat 5 grade RJ 45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the other end is connected to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server Repeat the above steps as needed for each RJ 45 port to be connected to a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device Now you can start having the switch in operation Power On The switch supports 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power It does not matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on even modules as well After the power is on all LED indicators will light up immediately and then all off except the power LED still keeps on This represents a reset of the system Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self test and is in ready state 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good please take a care on the cabling requirement Cables with worse specification will render the LAN to work poorly User Manual 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports For Fast Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with
10. Fig 2 12 8 Gigobit Web Smort Switch La EEF 8 Gigabit Web Smart Swite Converter Chassis Copper Twisted pair __ Fiber Optic Gigobit Web Smort Switch ip Fiber Optic mm or sm fiber Managed Media Converter m Tf R Fiber Optic Managed Media Converter a _ _ Copper Twisted pair Links ey a Fiber Optic Links ee Fig 2 10 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site Fig 2 10 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram This diagram demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts User Manual __ Financial Fig 2 12 Office Network Connection Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 22 User Manual 3 Basic Concept and Management This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and how they work 3 1 What s the Ethernet Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operated at 100Mbps called Fast Ethernet now This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000Mbps Now 10G s Ethernet is under approving Although these Ethernet have different spe
11. O1 78 31 0 Network address Host address Class B IP address range between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network has a 16 bit network prefix followed 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2414 16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 2 16 2 hosts per network Bit 012 15 16 31 10 Network address Host address Class C IP address range between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each class C network has a 24 bit network prefix followed 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2421 24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 2 8 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 110 Network address Host address User Manual Class D and E Class D is a class with first 4 MSB Most significance bit set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP Multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadcast According to IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network We call it Private IP address and list below Class A 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information Subnet mask It means the sub division of a class based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP
12. Revision Al 84 User Manual 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Status Function name TP Fiber Ports Status Function description TP Fiber Ports Status function is applied to display the latest updated status of all ports in this switch In this function you can view the following setting link status speed and flow control All of them are described in detail below TP Port Status 100Full Auto Enabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Fiber Port Status Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Fig 4 25 Parameter description Port Display the port number The number is 1 8 Both port 7 and 8 are optional modules Link Status Show that if the link on the port is active or not If the link is connected to a working well device the Link Status will show the current link speed and duplex If the connection is broken it will show Down This is determined by the hardware on both devices of the connection No default value Speed Display the speed and duplex of all port There are three speeds 10Mbps 100Mbps and 1000Mbps supported for TP media and the duplex supported is half duplex and full duplex If the media is 1Gbps fiber it is 1000Mbps supported only The status of speed duplex mode is determined by 1 the negotiation of both local port and link partner in Auto Speed mode or 2 user setting in Force
13. Topology 11 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 14 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port 15 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment 16 2 2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 21 CHAPTER 3 BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT 23 3 1 WHAT S THE ETHERNET 2 22 on nnn nnn nnn nnn nena nn nnn nnnnn nnn 23 3 2 MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL MAC 26 3 3 FLOW CONTROL 32 3 4 HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK 35 3 5 VIRTUAL LAN 39 3 6 LINK AGGREGATION 45 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION OF WEB BASED MANAGEMENT 47 4 1 WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW 48 4 2 CONFIGURATION 50 4 2 1 System Configuration 51 4 2 2 Ports Configuration
14. VID then FID will offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In IVL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by administrator User Manual How does a Tagged VLAN work If the ingress filtering is enabled and when a packet is received VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet presents 1 If the packet has a non zero VID VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with null tag or no VLAN tag if VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then apply this VID to the packet If VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then apply the PVID of the port to the packet which came from that port VLAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not drops it If yes forwards it to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress filtering is disabled VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If VLAN does not exist then drop the packet and if both DA and VLAN do not exist forwards the packet If just knows VLAN existed then floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN covers If we plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them we should check which ports belong to which VLAN first A
15. VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other 3 The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual Case 2b Port based VLAN See Fig 2 4 Fig 2 4 Port based VLAN Diagram e VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLAN4 4 VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN2 members Case3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID See Fig 2 5 Fig 2 5 Attribute based VLAN Diagram User Manual 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch In the way of web user is allowed to startup the switch management function Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch You can touch them through the following procedures Section 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 14 User Manual 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethernet port They are Web browser and SNMP manager The user interface for th
16. all Half for 10 100 1000M Fiber ON OFF 1000M Full In Auto Speed mode no default value In Forced mode default value depends on your setting Flow Control There are two modes to choose in flow control including Enable and Disable If flow control is set Enable both parties can send PAUSE frame to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle When it is set Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if too much to handle Default Enable eS 5h EF Port Configuration Configuration Pa 1064 wil peed sse Dawa Dern eed w f Dawe pate Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 4 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 54 User Manual 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration The switch supports Port based VLAN and Tag based VLAN 802 1q Support 8 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1 4094 VLAN configuration is used to partition your LAN into small ones as your demand Properly configuring it you can gain not only improving security and increasing performance but greatly reducing VLAN management Function name VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function includes four modes Port based Tag based Metro mode or Disable you can choose one of them by pulling down list and pressing the lt Downward gt arrow key Then click lt Apply gt button the settings will take affect immediately Parameter description VLAN Mode
17. bandwidth aggregation 2 The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode 3 The ports in the same Link Aggregation Group must have the same speed for example all with 100Mbps or all 1000Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000Mbps and two 100Mbps for a 1 2Gbps trunk port User Manual Terminology Link Aggregation It is a method to have multiple physical links with the same media and speed bundled to be a logical link forming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID With the viewpoint of MAC client each Link Aggregation Group is an independent link There are three cases of link used in the network which are switch to switch switch to station and station to station Here station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation called port trunking sometimes has two types of link configuration including static port trunk and dynamic port trunk Static Port Trunk When physical links are changed administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigure Administrator does not have to do anything and may see the trap message of LACP changed in NMS J J iD 2x 1000Mb s D 2x 1000Mb s _2x100Mb s b 2x 100Mb s 4x 100Mb s d 2x 100Mb s eS om i 2x 100Mb s 2 x 100Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s a 2 amp o a ey P v gt sp sy z9 zv z z r A9 Fig 3 10 Exampl
18. length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask With this you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched The following table shows the result Prefix Length No of IP matched No of Addressable IP 132 1 131 2 30 4 2 29 8 6 28 16 14 27 32 30 26 64 62 125 128 126 124 256 254 123 512 510 122 1024 1022 21 2048 2046 20 4096 4094 19 8192 8190 18 16384 16382 117 32768 32766 16 65536 65534 Table 2 3 According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a network with the class C It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub netted network and is considered a physical network in an autonomous network So it owns a network IP address which may looks like 168 1 2 0 With the subnet mask a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet a partition to the network must be performed In this case subnet mask must be applied User Manual For different network applications the subnet mask may look like 255 255 255 240 This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the tra
19. let the two kinds of packets be transmitted for port 1 until the port results in congestion The result is that the packets will be dropped partially from the port 3 because the packets that belong to Low Priority For the use of TOS Priority function please press Configure at the right section for setting in advance Giga Switch a wees FH EN Configuration Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration Monitoring i Maintenance Fig 4 15 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration Used for setting up the QoS in Layer 3 Port User can set up the port 1 8 respectively to let TOS QoS function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuration Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 68 User Manual Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of Bit 5 Bit 7 in TOS Field of IP Header it can form 8 kinds of traffics including 0 00 001 010 010 100 101 110and11 1 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively User Manual Function name IP TCP UDP Port Classification Function description In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter one of these special network transmission events for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration and cl
20. of range from 1518 to 9216 bytes jumbo frame Supports port based VLAN 802 1Q tag based VLAN Efficient self learning and address recognition mechanism enables forwarding rate at wire speed User Manual Hardware Specifications Standard Compliance IEEE802 3 802 3ab 802 3z 802 3u 802 3x Network Interface 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit TP NWay TP RJ 45 1 8 1000Base SX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP 7 8 Option 1000Base LX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP 7 8 Option 1000Base LX Single Fiber WDM BiDi 1000 FDX SFP 7 8 Option Port 7 8 are TP SFP fiber dual media ports with auto detected function Optional SFP module supports LC or BiDi SC transceiver Transmission Mode 10 100Mbps support full or half duplex 1000Mbps support full duplex only Transmission Speed 10 100 1000Mbps for TP 1000Mbps for Fiber Full Forwarding Filtering Packet Rate PPS packets per second Forwarding Rate Speed 1 488 000PPS 1000Mbps 148 800PPS 100Mbps _ 14 880PPS 10Mbps MAC Address and Self learning 8K MAC address 4K VLAN table entries Buffer Memory Embedded 400 KB frame buffer Flow Control IEEE802 3x compliant for full duplex Backpressure flow control for half duplex Cable and Maximum Length Cat 5 UTP cable up to 100m Up to 220 275 500 550m 1000Base SX which depends on Multi Mode Fiber type 1000Base LX Single Mode Fiber up to10 30 50Km 1000Base LX WDM BiDi Single M
21. port on which the packet transmits out the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to a 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to a non 802 1Q device or an end station VLAN bridge must transmit out an untagged packet i e the tag has been stripped off in an egress port Egress rule can be set by per port Independent VLAN Learning IVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN and decide where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address In this mode some VLAN or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN In 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch you can choose a VID for sharing filtering database in Shared VID field if you wish to use the existed filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch VLAN will use this formation to make forwarding decision Filtering Database Referred to as FID It can provide the information where the packet will be sent to Filtering database will supply the outgoing port according to the request from forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero
22. routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally Default 192 168 1 254 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 52 User Manual System Name Set a special name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character and null are acceptable Default Giga Switch Password Set a password for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character is acceptable Default admin Auto Logout Timer Set the auto logout timer The valid value is 0 60 in the unit of minute and a decimal point is not allowed The value 0 means auto logout timer is disabled Default 0 User Manual 4 2 2 Ports Configuration Function name Ports Configuration Function description Ports Configuration is applied to change the setting of each port In this configuration function you can set reset the following parameters Mode and Flow Control All of them are described in detail below Parameter description Mode Set the speed and duplex of the port If the media is 1Gbps fiber there are three modes to choose Auto Speed 1000 Full and Disable If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode 10 100 1000Mbps and duplex mode full duplex and half duplex The following table summarized the function the media supports Media type EN Speed Duplex 1000M TP ON OFF 10 100 1000M _ Full for
23. the long haul connection Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station Basically with this approach it will minimize the number of switches in any one path will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 Server Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied User Manual Case1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other See Fig 2 2 O a Ss a a E 3 Fig 2 2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram If VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are Case2a Port based VLAN See Fig 2 3 pe aa sm E P Oe e ee See VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 4 j Fig 2 3 Port based VLAN Diagram 1 The same VLAN members could not be in different switches 2 Every
24. thirty 30 seconds to complete the system boot gt TEPON y J Giga Switch wee a DEDE Configuration Warm Restart se ficat Wanae u bord Monitoring Anp Maintenance Le Fig 4 33 User Manual 4 4 3 Factory Default Function name Factory Default Function description Factory Default Configuration function can retrieve default setting to replace the working configuration z z Giga Switch Configuration Restore Default Configuration Mote You wa haa curtent setting after restoring to the Gefeut corga atoni Fig 4 34 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 94 User Manual 4 4 4 Logout Besides the auto logout function as we mentioned above in the section of system configuration the switch also allows the user to logout manually by performing the Logout function Function name Logout Function description The switch allows you to logout the system to prevent other users from the system without the permission If you do not logout and exit the browser the switch will automatically have you logout Besides this manually logout and implicit logout you can set up the parameter of Auto Logout Timer in system configuration function to explicitly ON OFF this logout function Parameter description Auto Manual Logout If no action and no key is stroke as well in any function screen more than the minutes you set up in Auto Logout Timer the switch will have you l
25. time is refreshed when a packet with that SA Usually the age time is programmable Transmission schedule In most layer 2 switches the QoS is supported QoS in a switch must associate a transmission schedule to transmit the packet This function is much to do with the priority level a packet has With the given priority the scheduler will do the proper action on it The scheduler has many ways to implement and different chips may support different schedule algorithms Most common schedulers are FCFS First Come First Service Strictly Priority All High before Low Weighted Round Robin Set a weight figure to the packet with a priority level say 5 7 and next set another weight to the packet with a priority level say 2 4 and so on The WRR will transmit the packet with the weight So the packet of each priority level can be allocated a fixed bandwidth Bandwidth rating Bandwidth rating is the limitation set by administrator and it can be applied to those with SLA Bandwidth rating can be total bandwidth types of service of a port with many steps The switch supports by port Ingress and Egress total bandwidth rate control capacity The bandwidth rate resolution is 0 1 Mbps 100Kbps and ranges from 0 to 100Mbps Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 38 User Manual 3 5 Virtual LAN What is a VLAN It is a subset of a LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what LAN is In general a LAN is composed of d
26. use IE browser program in window series of computer to control the web smart functions in 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch First choose any port in 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Then use IE and type default IP address 192 168 1 1 to connect to 8 Gigabit with RJ45 network line Finally the login screen will appear at once Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 96 User Manual Appendix A Technical Specifications Features 6 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports are compliant with IEEE802 3 802 3u 802 3z and 802 3ab 2 Gigabit TP SFP fiber are dual media ports with auto detected function Non blocking store and forward shared memory Web Smart switched Supports auto negotiation for configuring speed duplex mode Supports 802 3x flow control for full duplex ports Supports collision based and carrier based backpressure for half duplex ports Any ports can be in disable mode force mode or auto polling mode Supports Head of Line HOL blocking prevention Supports broadcast storm filtering Web based management provides the ability to completely manage the switch from any web browser Supports Port based VLAN and Protocol based IEEE802 1Q VLAN Auto aging with programmable inter age time Supports 802 1p Class of Service with 2 level priority queuing Supports port trunking with flexible load distribution and failover function Supports port sniffer function Programmable maximum Ethernet frame length
27. used by ingress port the packet will be forwarded Note VID can not be 0 or 4095 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 42 User Manual Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN The classification rule is described as follows 1 If the VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet a If there are still some other ways e g protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to classify the incoming packets beside port based classification in implement and these approaches can offer non zero VID then use the value of VID offered by other classifications for VLAN s classification b If there is only port based classification in implement or other classification approaches cannot offer non zero VID for the incoming packets then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 2 If the VID is not a null VID VID 0 then use the value to classify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if the packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the port s egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the
28. will be reset and restart counting Function name Statistics Overview Function description Display the summary counting of each port s traffic including Tx Bytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes Rx Frames Tx Errors and Rx Errors Parameters description Tx Bytes Total transmitted bytes Tx Frames The counting number of the packet transmitted Rx Bytes Total received bytes Rx Frames The counting number of the packet received Tx Errors Number of bad packets transmitted Rx Errors Number of bad packets received Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 78 User Manual a Giga Switch SSS as Statistics Overview for all ports Configuration ow beter 300243 1752 343077 20448 D J o o o a o u o o o 7 o o o o o Monitoring 0 o o o o lenero Maintenance Fig 4 22 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Display the detailed counting number of each port s traffic In the Fig 4 23 the window can show all counter information each port at one time Parameter description Rx Packets The counting number of the packet received RX Octets Total received bytes Rx High Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet Rx Multi
29. 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and have the payload be equal to 46 bytes The length of data field must equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS This field contains a 32 bit cyclic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field with the following polynomial z ai tX AXX x x 99 i 2 xr l6 gy ely ll y lO 4 x8 It is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 28 User Manual How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frame to detect error when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control It prepares the initiation jobs for a frame transmission and makes recovery from transmission failure Frame transmission As Ethernet adopted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physical medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time t
30. 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch User s Manual Release 0 90 Table of Contents CAUTION IV ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES IV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 0 0 2 2 1 1 OVERVIEW OF 8 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH 2 1 2 CHECKLIST 3 1 3 FEATURES 3 1 4 VIEW OF 8 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH 5 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs 5 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel 6 1 5 VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES 7 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 0 0 20202020000 0 0 0 8 2 1 STARTING 8 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH UP 8 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation 8 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements 9 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports 10 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module 10 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in
31. The Information of Page Layout On the top side it shows the front panel of the switch In the front panel the linked ports will display green as to the ports which are link off they will be dark For the optional modules the slot will show only a cover plate if no module exists and will show a module if a module is present The image of module depends on the one you inserted The same if disconnected the port will show just dark if linked green On the left side the main menu tree for web is listed in the page According to the function name in boldface all functions can be divided into three parts including Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance The functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively As to the function names in normal type are the sub functions When clicking it the function is performed The following list is the main function tree for web user interface Configuration Monitoring Maintenance User Manual 4 2 Configuration Eleven functions including System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration and Max Packet Length are contained in this function folder for system and network management Each of them will be described in detail orderly in the following
32. a maximum length of 100 meters gt Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Cat 5e is recommended 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber media Basically there are two categories of fiber multi mode MM and single mode SM The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports They are SX LX LHX XD and ZX From the viewpoint of connector type there mainly are LC and BIDI SC Gigabit Fiber with multi mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with single mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi SC 1310nm SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi SC 1550nm SFP module The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not listed here are available upon request Multi mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth Multi mode 62 5 125um Multi mode 50 125um IEEE 802 3z Modal Modal Gigabit Ethernet Bandwidth Distance Bandwidth Distance 1000SX 850nm 160MHz Km 220m 400MHz Km 500m 200MHz Km 275m 500MHz Km 550m Single mode Fiber 9 125um Single mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km Single mode transceiver 1550nm 30 50Km Single Mode TX Transmit 1310nm 1000Base LX 20Km RX Receive 1550nm Single Fiber 5 1B S169 Single Mode TX Transmi
33. acket to the destination port s Here we introduce some important features of a switch and how they work MAC address table When a packet is received on a port of switch the switch first checks if the packet good or bad and extracts the source MAC address SA and destination MAC address DA to find 1 if SA is existed in the MAC address table if no puts it in the MAC address table if yes 2 looks up DA and its associated port to which the traffic is forwarded If DA does not exist have the packet broadcasted Due to the size of the MAC address limited MAC address aging function is applied When the MAC address has resided and keeps no update in the table for a long time this means the traffic using that entry has yet come for a while If this time period is more than the aging time the entry will be marked invalid The vacancy is now available for other new MAC Both learning and forwarding are the most important functions in a switch Besides that VLAN can be one of the rules to forward the packet There are ingress rule and egress rule applied The ingress rule is used to filter the incoming packet by VLAN ID and so on and to decide whether the packet is allowed to enter the switch or not The egress rule is used to forward the packet to the proper port User Manual Mac address aging There is a field in MAC address table used to put the entry s Age time which determines how long a MAC entry can reside in a switch The age
34. address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and ease to manage IP network For a class B network 128 1 2 3 it may have a subnet mask 255 255 0 0 in default in which the first two bytes is with all 1s This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network It s too large to manage practically Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits that s using its third byte to subnet this class B network Now it has a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1 It s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B network the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and of course the last byte is the host number Not all IP address is available in the sub netted network Two special addresses are reserved They are the addresses with all zero s and all one s host number For example an IP address 128 1 2 128 what IP address reserved will be looked like All Os mean the network itself and all 1s mean IP broadcast Network Subnet All Os 128 1 2 128 All 1s 128 1 2 255 Ttiiii Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 18 User Manual In this diagram you can see the subnet mask with 25 bit long 255 255 255 128 contains 126 members in the sub netted network Another is that the
35. and Cable Installation Management Station Installation Software booting and configuration 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation At the beginning please do first Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power source Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Note If you have no modules please skip this section Fig 2 1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceiver Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on 1 Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module along the slot Also be sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 Repeat the above steps as needed for each module to be installed into slot s 5 Have the power ON after the above procedures are done Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual TP Port and Cable Installation In the switch TP port supports MDI MDI X auto crossover so both types of cable straight through Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 1 2 3 6 in 10 100M TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Gigabit TP and crossed over Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3
36. anual i m jm 7 he k Collision domain 2 Collision domain 1 m m Fig 3 5 Collision Domain a m aw SEY ew e Collision Collision Collision domain3 domain 4 domain 5 Extended Distance Limitations The diameter of a half duplex LAN segment is determined by its maximum propagation delay time For example in 10M LAN the most distance of a LAN segment using yellow cable is 2500 meters and 185 meters when using coaxial cable The switch with its per port per collision domain can extend the distance like a bridge does And what s more when operating in full duplex mode the distance can reach farther than half duplex because it is not limited by the maximum propagation delay time 512 bits time If fiber media is applied the distance can be up to tens of kilometers Traffic Aggregation Traffic aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port and treat it as a single port in the LAN This single port possesses the features of a normal port but loading balance This is a great feature for the port needing more bandwidth but cannot afford paying much cost for high bandwidth port Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 36 User Manual 100Mb o s 100Mb s 1000Mb s 100Mb s Fig 3 6 m a Ap zP LA Ea 10Mb s How does a switch operate A Layer 2 switch uses some features of the Data Link layer in OSI model to forward the p
37. are readily distinguished from data symbols as is the case in most physical layers that use a block encoding decoding scheme Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 34 User Manual The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity slotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 3 4 How does a switch work The switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 6 Port 10 100 1000Mbps TP and 2 Port Gigabit TP SFP Fiber Web Smart management Ethernet Switch Each port on it is an independent LAN segment and thus has 8 LAN segments and 8 collision domains contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet HUB in which all ports share the same media and use the same collision domain and thus limit the bandwidth utilization With switch s separated collision domain it can extend the LAN diameter farther than the shared HUB does and highly improve the efficiency of the traffic transmission Due to the architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation and so on not able to be supported in a shared hub Terminology Separate Access Domains As per the description in the section of Whats the Ethernet Ethernet utilizes CSMA CD to arbitrate who can transmit
38. ault 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fig 4 28 Port based VLAN Publication date April 2005 Revision Al amp 8 User Manual ID Description Member VLAN Metro Mode 1 Default1 2 Default2 3 Default3 4 Default4 5 Default5 6 Default6 Fig 4 29 Metro mode VLAN 1 7 8 2 7 8 3 7 8 4 7 8 5 7 8 6 7 8 User Manual 4 4 1 5 Mirror Function name Mirror Status Function description Mirror Status is to display the setting result of mirror configuration Parameter description Sniffer Mode Display the status the activation or de activation of Port Mirror function Default is disable Sniffer Port Display the port for monitoring Valid port is Port 1 8 and default is Port 1 Source Port Display the port for being monitored Valid port is Port 1 8 Mirror Disable Sniffer Port 1 Source Port Fig 4 30 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 90 User Manual 4 4 1 6 Trap Event Function name Trap Event Status Function description The Trap Events status function is used to display the switch s trap information sent out while pre defined trap events occurred Parameter description These trap functions are as they describe The traps that the switch supports are listed below Boot Warm Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error threshold Trap Event 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 System Event Warm Boot Cold Boot Il
39. cast Show the counting number of the received multicast packet Tx Packets The counting number of the packet transmitted User Manual TX Octets Total transmitted bytes Tx High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet Tx Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Publication date April 2005 Revisio
40. cess control MAC they are referred to as MAC addresses The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI code assigned by IEEE The last three bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All these six bytes are stored in a non volatile memory in the device Their format is as the following table and normally written in the form as aa bb cc dd ee ff a 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by manufacturer Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 26 User Manual Bit 47 bit 0 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte 5th byte 6th byte OUI code Serial number Table 3 3 Ethernet MAC address The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as I G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for global unique 0 or locally unique address The former is assigned by the device manufacturer and the later is usually assigned by the administrator In practice global unique addresses are always applied A unicast address is identified with a single network interface With this nature of MAC address a frame transmitted can exactly be received by the target an interface the destination MAC point
41. d if FCS is invalid If there is any extra bits existed which must meet the specification of IEEE802 3 When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits appended or alignmentError if extra bits appended If the length type is valid If not discards the packet and reports lengthError If all five procedures above are ok then the MAC treats the frame as good and de assembles the frame User Manual What if a VLAN tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will have a little change shown as follows VLAN Tag control Length type ID Aa i PE Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control information are different in comparison with the basic Ethernet frame The rest fields are the same The first two bytes is VLAN type ID with the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is tagged VLAN and the next two bytes are Tag Control Information TCI used to provide user priority and VLAN ID which are explained respectively in the following table Bits 15 13 User Priority 7 0 0 is lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator Bit 12 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN Identifier 0x000 Null VID No VID is present and only user Bits 11 0 priority
42. d above are MAC based VLAN IP based VLAN and so on Terminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field following the source MAC address is four bytes long and contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonical Format Indicator CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximal length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 6 2 2 2 DA SA VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length ID Information Type VLAN Protocol ID a 0x8100 User Priority CFI VLAN identifier Fig 3 9 Tag Format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined to 7 0 0 is the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 bit long It is used to encapsulate a token ring packet to let it travel across the Ethernet Usually it is set to 0 VLAN ID 12 bits long 0 means no VLAN ID is present 1 means default VLAN 4095 reserved User Manual VLAN tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification without the value of 0 and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification with the value of 0 and priority information Untagged frame An Ethernet frame carries no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used t
43. data to the station s attached in the LAN When more than one station transmits data within the same slot time the signals will collide referred to as collision The arbitrator will arbitrate who should gain the media The arbitrator is a distributed mechanism in which all stations contend to gain the media Please refer to What s the Ethernet for more details In Fig 3 5 assumed in half duplex you will see some ports of the switch are linked to a shared HUB which connects many hosts and some ports just are individually linked to a single host The hosts attached to a shared hub will be in the same collision domain separated by the switch and use CSMA CD rule For the host directly attached to the switch because no other host s joins the traffic contention hence it will not be affected by CSMA CD These LAN segments are separated in different access domains by the switch Micro segmentation To have a port of the switch connected to a single host is referred to as micro segmentation It has the following interesting characteristics There is no need the access contention e g Collision They have their own access domain But collision still could happen between the host and the switch port When performing the full duplex the collision vanishes The host owns a dedicated bandwidth of the port The switch port can run at different speed such as 10Mbps 100Mbps or 1000Mbps A shared hub cannot afford this User M
44. e last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here We just introduce the first type of management interface Web based UI for the switch is an interface in a highly friendly way 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Default IP Setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Assign a reasonable IP address For example IP 192 168 1 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Fig 2 6 Managing 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port Before you communicate with the switch you have to finish first the configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch Then follow the procedures listed below 1 Setup a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat 5 cable with RJ 45 connector Note If PC directly connects to the switch you have to setup the same subnet mask between them But subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site Please refer to Fig 2 6 about the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch default IP address information 2 Run web browser and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 4 User Manual Giga Switch Please enter password to login Password seese Fig 2 7 the Login Screen for Web 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are three parameters needed to be filled in They are IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS IP address The add
45. e left and right edges only Electronic Emission Notices Federal Communications Commission FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EN60555 2 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN50082 1 EMC EN55022 1988 CISPR 22 1985 class A EN60555 2 1995 class A EN60555 3 IEC 1000 4 2 1995 4K V CD 8KV AD IEC 1000 4 3 1995 3V m IEC1000 4 4 1995 1KV power line 0 5KV signal line About this user s manual In this user s manual it will not only tell you how to install and connect your network system but configure and monitor the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through the built in Ethernet ports step by step Many explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the examples of the operation for web based interface Overview of this user s manual E Chapter 1 Introduction describes the features of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 3 Operating Concept and Management Chapter 4 Operation of Web based Management Chapt
46. e of Link Aggregation Application Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 4 Operation of Web based Management This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through the web user interface it supports to access and manage 14 10 100 1000Mbps TP Port and 2 Gigabit TP SFP Fiber dual media port The switch provides 14 fixed Gigabit Ethernet TP ports and 2 optional Gigabit dual media ports supporting either fiber or TP media With this facility you can easily access and monitor through any one port of the switch all the status of the switch including MIBs status each port activity multicast traffic and so on The default values of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch are listed in the table below IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 BACILLE 192 168 1 254 Password admin Table 4 1 After the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch has been finished configuration you can browse it by using the IP address you set up For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser it will show the following screen see Fig 4 1 and ask you inputting password in order to login and access authentication The default password is admin For the first time to use please enter the default password then click the lt Apply gt button The login process now is completed In the switch it supports a simple user management function allowing only one ad
47. e product box PRIVATE GS1108C MIB DEFINITIONS BEGIN IMPORTS mib 2 DisplayString iflndex FROM RFC1213 MIB enterprises Counter TimeTicks Gauge pAddress FROM RFC1155 SMI OBJECT TYPE FROM RFC 1212 TRAP TYPE FROM RFC 1215 privatetech OBJECT IDENTIFIER enterprises 5205 switch OBJECT IDENTIFIER privatetech 2 gs1108cProductld OBJECT IDENTIFIER switch 8 gs1108cProduces OBJECT IDENTIFIER gs1108cProductld 1 gs1108clllegalLogin TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gs1108cProductld DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the illegal user try to login the Web management UI n 1 gs1108cRxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gs1108cProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Rx bad packet over the Rx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number n 2 gs1108cTxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gs1108cProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Tx bad packet over the Tx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number n 3 END
48. ed they still use the same basic functions So they are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation The transmission media may be the only problem Application Presentation Upper layer protocols Session Transport Network MAC client IEEE 802 specific Data link Media Access MAC IEEE 802 3 specific Physical Physical PHY Media specific Fig 3 1 IEEE 802 3 reference model vs OSI reference mode In Fig 3 1 we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and comprises three portions including logical link control LLC media access control MAC and physical layer The first two comprises Data link layer which performs splitting data into frame for transmitting receiving acknowledge frame error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly as well as provides an error free channel upward to network layer User Manual sate een Coaxial STP UTP Fiber This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture LLC sub layer and MAC sub layer which are responded to the Data Link layer and transceivers which are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model In this section we are mainly describing the MAC sub layer Logical Link Control LLC Data link layer is composed of both the sub layers of MAC and MAC client Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface betwe
49. en enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize iSCSI Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize Streaming Audio Video Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 70 User Manual Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Advanced Mode Display the TCP UDP port number in L4 QoS In Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification mode the QoS of L4 is disabled As to other special L4 QoS events Special TCP UDP port number will be took action Of course user could be allowed to add or modify the port number at random For instance if we choose Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news as the QoS of L4 and enter the Advanced Mode
50. en the Ethernet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack usually Network layer which is nothing to do with the nature of the LAN So it can operate over other different LAN technology such as Token Ring FDDI and so on Likewise for the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual DSAP address DSAP address SSAP address Control Information M Destination service access point address field Source service access point address field Control field 16 bits for formats that include sequence numbering and 8 bits for formats that do not see 5 2 Information field Multiplication An integer value equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of M is a function of the medium access control methodology used Table 3 1 LLC Format The table 3 1 is the format of LLC PDU It comprises four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies the one or more service access points in which the I G bit indicates it is individual or group address If all bit of DSAP is 1s it s a global address The SSAP address field identifies the specific services indicated by C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values indicates some well known services listed in the table below
51. ension bit field which is removed at the receiving MAC The following tables are the frame format suitable for 10M 100M and 1000M Ethernet and some parameter values that shall be applied to all of these three types of Ethernet Actually the practice Gigabit Ethernet chips do not feature this so far They all have their chips supported full duplex mode only as well as all network vendors devices So this criterion should not exist at the present time and in the future The switch s Gigabit module supports only full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Base X 520 bytes for 1000Base T Length type Data Pad FCS Extension 64 bytes Fig 3 4 Gigabit Ethernet Frame Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 30 User Manual Parameter value LAN Max collision domain DTE to 100 meters DTE Max collision domain with 2500 meters 205 meters 200 meters repeater Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit times 512 bit times Interframe Gap 9 6us 0 96us 0 096us AttemptLimit 16 16 16 BackoffLimit 10 10 10 JamSize 32 bits 32 bits 32 bits EV dal e latlesed P42 1518 1518 1518 MinFrameSize 64 64 64 BurstLimit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits 10Base 100Base 1000Base 100 meters for UTP 100 meters for UTP 412 meters for fiber 316 meters for fiber Table 3 4 Ethernet parameters for half duplex mode _ minFrameSize
52. er 5 Maintenance Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 8 port Gigabit Web Smart Switch is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications The switch included 6 Port 10 100 1000Mbps TP and 2 Port Gigabit TP SFP Fiber Web Smart management Ethernet Switch The switch can be managed through Ethernet port using Web based management unit associated with web based management the network administrator can logon the switch to monitor configure and control each port s activity In addition the switch implements the QoS Quality of Service VLAN and Trunking It is suitable for office application In this switch Port 7 8 includes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi SC this port supports 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion 1000Mbps LC Multi Mode SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 10km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 30km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 50km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi SC 20km 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi SC 20km 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 10 100 1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethe
53. ess bandwidth for the port you choose Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field The format of the packet limits to broadcast and multicast Valid range is 0 1000 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 74 User Manual All Traffic for Egress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Egress bandwidth for the port you choose Packet transmission will be delayed if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Traffic may be lost if egress buffers run full The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast and multicast Valid range is 0 1000 User Manual 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration Function name Trap Event Configuration Function description The Trap Events Configuration function is used to enable the Advanced Smart Ethernet Switch to send out the trap information while pre defined trap events occurred Switch management offers 7 different trap events and 2 host to users The message will be sent while users tick M the trap event individually on the web page shown as below Except Warm Boot and Cold Boot other trap events offer the counter function to help the user see the times that the trap event had happened Parameter description These trap functions are as they describe The traps the switch supports are listed below Boot Warm Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error thresh
54. ffic is put into the device with the designated IP address known as default router Basically it is a routing policy For assigning an IP address to the switch you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it ay a Giga Switch yp FE N7 Configuration System Configuration Dj 00 40 47 04 00 03 A v0 00 ae TETI p re 0208027000001 Kaaa Maaar Monitoring s r Maintenance Fig 2 9 First IP Address as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 192 168 1 1 for instance For sure an IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC Second Subnet Mask as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask such as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 20 User Manual 2 2 Typical Applications The 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch implements 8 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and two slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of connection including LC and BiDi LC SFP modules For more details on the specification of the switch please refer to Appendix A The switch is suitable for the following applications Central Site Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP See Fig 2 10 Peer to peer application is used in two remote offices See Fig 2 11 Office network See
55. forwarded as the tagged packet with VID y 1 Forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID You can apply Rule 1 as a way to a given port to filter unwanted traffic In Rule 1 a given port checks if the given port is a member of the VLAN on which the received packet belongs to to determine forward it or not For example if port 1 receives a tagged packet with VID 100 VLAN name VLAN100 and if Rule 1 is enabled the switch will check if port 1 is a member of VLAN100 If yes the received packet is forwarded otherwise the received packet is dropped 2 Drop untagged frame You can configure a given port to accept all frames Tagged and Untagged or just receive tagged frame If the former is the case then the packets with tagged or untagged will be processed If the later is the case only the packets carrying VLAN tag will be processed the rest packets will be discarded Note If Rule 1 is enabled and port 1 for example receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID of port 1 to tag this packet the packet then will be forwarded But if the PVID of port 1 is not 100 the packet will be dropped Tag This is an egress rule of the port Here you can choose untag or tag Tag means the outgoing packets must carry VLAN tag header just tick the check box M Untag means the outgoing packets carry no VLAN tag header User Manual Untag State If you checked this function for a Tag out po
56. he start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 User Manual G x x32 x76 x Destination address DA The DA field is used to identify which network device s should receive the packet It is a unique address Please see the section of MAC addressing Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always 0 Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes is less than or equal to 1500 in decimal the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value i e this field acts as Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and Netware 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields following the Length field If the Length Type value is greater than 1500 it means the Length Type acts as Type Different type value means the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or received For example 0x0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram Ox86DD IPv6 Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than
57. hen sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the next Start of frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field in turn The followings summarize what a MAC does before transmitting a frame 1 MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied Ethertype or the value of the data length and payload data field and finally put the FCS data in order into the responded fields 2 Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait 3 If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time i e inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready with enough time and then start transmitting the frame 4 During the transmission MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision happened the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event propagated to all involved network devices then wait for a random period of time i e backoff time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission at
58. hich depends on the VLAN mode you choose in VLAN mode function ae Add VLAN Group Vales 2 GS ie 2esesnsoen7cen Fig 4 8 User Manual Delete Group Just tick the check box WJ beside the ID then press the lt Delete Group gt button to delete the group DUNNEN Tag based VLAN Configuration Configuration T im vesssistin wrt Pin O A Desa 1 12945070 E 2 wat 12a Kanaa amn amung Lorene a EJ eS Monitoring Angu Cree Casei tieer Maintenance Akad dimm Seata taan Ortas set Fig 4 9 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 60 User Manual 4 2 5 PVID Configuration Function name PVID Configuration Function description In VLAN Port VID Setting user can input VID number to each port The range of VID number is from 1 to 4094 User also can choose ingress filtering rules to each port There are two ingress filtering rules which can be applied to the switch The Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID The Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is drop untagged frame Parameter description Port 1 8 Port number PVID Rule Rule This PVID range will be 1 4094 Before you set a number x as PVID you have to create a Tag based VLAN with VID x For example if port x receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID assume as VID y of port x to tag this packet the packet then will be
59. ick apply and then click Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and defined for your using but it is fine that you modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port number you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with default setting special defined TCP UDP port possesses lower QoS traffic than Default class all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc Giving an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 at each of port 2 and port number 81 at port 3 to port 1 until the congestion happens The packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 is high priority and will have higher precedence to be sent out from port 1 Parameter description Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to disable IPI TCP UDP port Classification for QoS Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Th
60. ifferent physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges which attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot go without router s help This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate with the station outside the LAN a router is needed which always lies on the edge of the LAN For a layer 2 VLAN it assumes it is a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but can not be between any two separated logical LANs RL Mini Frame a a Ethernet Switch 1 Printer g ry Printer m T 22999929B Workstation Fig 3 7 In the figure above all stations are within the same broadcast domain For these stations it is obviously that the traffic is getting congested while adding more stations on it With the more and more users joining the LAN broadcast traffic will rapidly decrease the performance of the network Finally the network may get down User Manual Router 3 E A B C D E Zz eae 3 F m MES i id 4 Ethernet Switch 3a y s J oz i A 3J oad by 2b _Sa a5 8 3b Fig 3 8 Now we apply VLAN technology to configure the system shown as the figure above We can partition the users into the diffe
61. inds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively User Manual 4 2 9 Bandwidth Management Function name Bandwidth Management Function description Bandwidth Management function is used to set up the limit of Ingress and Egress bandwidth for each port Giga Switch Bandwidth Management Configuration Configuration er m bocemiag iratiie ja discorded rate h exceeded TAALA bavis Mames are grmereted if Novy contred h enabled ws slo tecemsing traffic in discarded if rat hi parended Monitoring Pachet tronsmissiun js delayed if rete j putee i457 Trafic may bo tect egres buffery run full aged ulate Maintenance Fig 4 19 Parameter description Port Number Choose the port that you would like this function to work on it Valid range of the port is 1 8 If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuration All Traffic for Ingress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port you choose Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast and multicast Valid range is 0 1000 Broadcast amp Multicasat for Ingress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Ingr
62. is present 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved Table 3 5 Note RIF is used in Token Ring network to provide source routing and comprises two fields Routing Control and Route Descriptor When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length Type field of the normal non VLAN frame it will interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports that is associated with that VID If it happens in a network interface card MAC will deprive of the tag header and process it in the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with VLAN optional function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotTime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotTime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter as this would have deleterious effects Nondata bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting transmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be performed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that
63. it time or more Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other This results the carrier signal distorted and un discriminated MAC can afford detecting through the physical layer the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission will not stop immediately but instead continues transmitting until the rest bits specified by jamSize are completely transmitted This guarantees the duration of collision is enough to have all involved devices able to detect the collision This is referred to as Jamming After jamming pattern is sent MAC stops transmitting the rest data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device goes back to the state of attempting to transmit frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the times of collision is increased the backoff time is getting long until the collision times excess 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and backoff time will also be reset where k min n 10 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 32 User Manual Frame Reception In essence the frame reception is the same in both operations of half duplex and full duplex except that full duplex ope
64. it will just show the ID gt Description gt Member of the existed port based VLAN group If you are in tag based VLAN it will show the ID gt Description gt VID gt Member of the existed tag based VLAN group The switch cannot store the configuration of port based VLAN and tag based VLAN separately When you choose one of VLAN mode the switch will bring you the responded VLAN configuration which keeps the default data You can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing lt Add Group gt and lt Delete Group gt function buttons or click the Group ID directly to edit it Parameter description ID Group ID When you want to edit a VLAN group you must select the Group ID field Then you will enter Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page which depends on your VLAN mode selection Description The description defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box M1 beside the port x to enable it Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 58 User Manual Tag based VLAN Configuration Se O 1 osaa 1 124 502 00 Cision Co temas Fig 4 7 Add Group Create a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN w
65. lan Tag Configuration Used for setting up the QoS belongs to Vlan operation Port User can set up the port 1 8 respectively to let Vlan Tag QoS function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuration Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 66 User Manual Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of VLAN tagged priority it can form 8 kinds of traffics including000 001 010 010 100 101 110 and 11 1 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively User Manual Function name IP ToS Classification Function description Another QoS function is the application of Layer 3 on network framework We focus on TOS field of IP header There are three bits in TOS field We means bit 2 4 of TOS field that we will use According to these 3 bits we could arrange 8 traffics O00 001 010 010 100 101 110 111 As long as we change bit 5 7 of TOS field of IP header we will create the 8 traffic packets we meant before Moreover we can set High priority or Low priority for each traffic class For instance if we let TOS 0 0 0 be high priority and TOS 0 0 1 be Low Priority we sent in the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appears 0 0 0 from the port 2 and the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appears 0 0 1 from the port 3 We
66. legal Login Illegal Login Counter 0 Link boven O ike Down counter fe Terror threshold fal Tx error threshold counter fe Error threshold 10 Fig 4 31 User Manual 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Status Function description Display the settings of the maximum packet length that each port can accept in this switch Parameter description Max Frame Size for Jumbo Frame bytes Display the settings about the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1532bytes Maximum Packet Length Port Ma e Size Port Max Frame Size ES 1532 Ea 1532 Eg 1532 EJ 1532 RN 1532 oA 1532 Fal 1532 Eg 1532 Fig 4 32 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 92 User Manual 4 4 2 Warm Restart We offer you many ways to reboot the switch including power up hardware reset and software reset You can press the RESET button in the front panel to reset the switch and to retrieve default setting After upgrading software then you must reboot to have the new configuration taken effect Here we are discussing is software reset for the reboot in the main menu Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboot the switch Reboot takes the same effect as the RESET button on the front panel of the switch Press lt Yes gt button to confirm warm restart function and it will take around
67. mal Set up the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 8 ports can be selected for each group Giga Switch SSS axa Configuration Aggregation Trunking Configuration Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 11 User Manual 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration is to monitor the traffic of the network For example we assume that Port A and Port B are Sniffer Port and Source Port respectively thus the traffic passed by Port B will be copied to Port A for monitoring Parameter description Sniffer Mode Used for the activation or de activation of Port Mirror function Default is disable Sniffer Port Set up the port for monitoring Valid port is Port 1 8 and default is Port 1 Source Port Set up the port for being monitored Just tick the check box MI under the port x and valid port is Port 1 8 as _ Giga Switch 5 SSS sr Mirror Setting Configuration Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 12 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 64 User Manual 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports VLAN tagged priority that can make precedence of 8 priorities TOS field of IP header equal DSCP High 3 bits on Layer 3 of network framework 6 kinds of special network transmi
68. ministrator to configure the system at the same time To optimize the display effect we recommend you use Microsoft IE and have the resolution 1024x768 Here is the whole function tree with web user interface and we will travel it through this chapter User Manual m Giga Switch Please enter password to login Password seese Ea Fig 4 1 4 1 Web Management Home Overview After you login the switch shows you the system status information as Fig 4 2 This page is default and tells you the basic information of the system including System Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maximum Packet Length With this information you will know the software version used MAC address how many ports good and so on This is helpful while malfunctioning For more details please refer to Section 4 4 1 Giga Switch Configuration System Status H 2s325s255 0 E 192 100 1250 ve iel Ciga wevita Monitoring fa Laskut these imina ARJ eR Cetaded Sitsi m Tp For St anue aintenance rst in zji yoe Em IW ot Auto Dorn er Divabdted dae Bastat E mm Autu para if Derm bats Disabled actos Datas zy Davee awe mabe EE Dern ate Olsabied ery EE ow Autu Dsds E Omm bata Oisabhed Fiber Port Status pool Dawe sinu teehee FW Dern bata Olsadted Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 48 User Manual
69. n Al 80 User Manual Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames lt 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize Number of long frames according to max_length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames lt 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according tomax_length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx FIFO Drops Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer Statistics for Port 1 cee Rete Pon Porn Perta Pets Parte Porty pena EE A sect Xr es eens SSS Ss _ unn oer Soa wave 0 Se OC ae ee a Sey soos CITT er as 8 i eee so CEST ee aetna Shee oo SEE Ce oo SESE CORTESE CR es w OCS ICIO in Se aS a keee OD Een OOOO J j aa me Oe n a ae ma fe mme Fig 4 23 User Manual 4 4 Maintenance There are four functions contained in the maintenance section Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default 4 4 1 Status Eight functions including System Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Sta
70. ng avail FTP tamuters and soar Pibaritine See aming Audie Viden Piberitioe Gatahenws recto IBM DEJ SOL Microsstt FCF IY tawe A TCV AUEN Eharows Seetled TCP SUF chase low betmalt ctmes fall etter FER SLING pets b io Pornim Custome O Custam 0 Cie 9 Cuvinm 0 Custam 0 Custam 0 Custam 0 Cote 0 Cutter 0 Customs 0 Fig 4 16 Advanced Mode ee El Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration Disabis IP TEP UOP Port Cheeification O Down pidsiitize wed beowning asil FTP and sows O Prbatitine IP Telephony VoiP O Prioritize OCR OP hatitice wed beowning anal FTP dansives and voar C Pibatitize Se eamsing Andie Videa C Piletitien Databases iocis IBM DIEZ SOL Mictowett Fig 4 17 Simple Mode Simple Mode Press lt Simple gt button is to return to the screen that all L4 port number will disappear See Fig 4 17 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 72 User Manual Function name IP Diffserv Classification Function description IP Diffserve Classification function it can form total 64 0 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of 6 bit field in DSCP of the IP packet In the switch user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to High or Low Priority Parameter description IP Differentiated Services DiffServ Configuration Used for setting up the IP Differentiated Services Configuration QoS Diffserv Display 64 0 63 DiffServ Priority items Class 64 k
71. o identify a member whether it belongs to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Both the value of 0 and 4095 also cannot be assigned in VLAN management Port VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a port It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set by per port When receiving a packet VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header presents If the VID of the received packet presents the VID of the packet is used And VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table to see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged or a null tag packet the ingress port s PVID is applied to the packet VLAN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN
72. ode Single Fiber up to 20Km Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 98 User Manual Diagnostic LED System LED Power Per Port LED 10 100 1000M TP Port 1 to 8 LINK ACT 10 100 1000Mbps 1000M SFP Fiber Port 7 8 SFP LINK ACT Power Requirement AC Line Voltage 100 240 V Frequency 50 60 Hz Consumption 10W Ambient Temperature 0 to 50 C Humidity 5 to 90 Dimensions 44 H x 217 W x 132 7 D m Comply with FCC Part 15 Class A amp CE Mark Approval User Manual Management Software Specifications Auto negotiation support on 10 100 1000Base TX ports Web browser or console interface can set transmission speed 10 100 1000Mbps and operation mode Full Half duplex on each port enable disable any port set VLAN group set Trunk Connection Port Base 802 1Q Tagged allowed up to 256 active VLANs in one switch Ports trunk connections allowed Supports by port Egress Ingress rate control Referred as Class of Service CoS by the IEEE 802 1P standard Two queues per port Web browser support based on HTTP Server Note Any specification is subject to change without notice Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 100 User Manual Appendix B MIB Specifications MIB II Enterprise MIB brief description is listed as below A MIB file in a readable electronic media floppy disk or CD ROM is packed with th
73. ogout automatically Or press the lt Logout gt button in Logout function to exit the system manually Giga Switch Configuration Logout Maintenance Fig 4 35 User Manual 5 Maintenance 5 1 Resolving No Link Condition The possible causes for a no link LED status are as follows e The attached device is not powered on The cable may not be the correct type or is faulty The installed building premise cable is faulty The port may be faulty 5 2 Q amp A 1 Computer A can connect to Computer B but cannot connect to Computer C through the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch v The network device of Computer C may fail to work Please check the link act status of Computer C on the LED indicator Try another network device on this connection v The network configuration of Computer C may be something wrong Please verify the network configuration on Computer C 2 The uplink connection function fails to work v The connection ports on another must be connection ports Please check if connection ports are used on that 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch v Please check the uplink setup of the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch to verify the uplink function is enabled 3 The console interface cannot appear on the console port connection v 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch has no console port so you cannot use console interface to connect with 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 4 How to configure the 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch v User can
74. old Giga Switch Trap Events Configuration Configuration s e Warm noot 1 nae Cont Bow parir ot Semmes Ime gal sgin jo pede fanaa ai T nurs Link Up Link Dorre Chews i 5 Monkoting Rx errer threvhald ta error thre shetd ds pachai in 3 spremte Maintenance Fig 4 20 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 76 User Manual 4 2 11 Max Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Function description The switch is capable of dealing with 9k Jumbo Frames which suits the transmission for a large amount of data in the network environment Parameter description Max Frame Size for Jumbo Frame bytes Set up the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1532 bytes xs _ 7 Giga Switch SS so Maximum Packet Length Configuration E L H L f t a tett ciated Slatis s Maintenance Fig 4 21 User Manual 4 3 Monitoring There are two functions contained in the monitoring section Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics 4 3 1 Statistics Overview The function of Statistics Overview collects any information and provides the counting summary about the traffic of the port no matter the packet is good or bad In the Fig 4 22 the window can show all ports counter information at the same time If the counting is overflow the counter
75. orts 2 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense 400KB on chip frame buffer Jumbo frame support Programmable classifier for QoS Layer 4 Multimedia 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support IEEE802 1Q Per port shaping policing and Broadcast Storm Control IEEE802 1Q in Q nested VLAN support Full duplex flow control IEEE802 3x and half duplex backpressure Extensive front panel diagnostic LEDs System Power TP Port1 8 LINK ACT SPEED 10 100 1000Mbps SFP Port 7 8 SFP LINK ACT e Management e Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration e Supports per port traffic monitoring counters Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login e Supports port mirror function e Supports the static trunk function User Manual Supports 802 1Q VLAN Supports user management and limits one user to login Maximal packet length can be up to 9216 bytes for jumbo frame application Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or crashed Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch Supports on line plug unplug SFP modules Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4 such as VoIP Built in web based management instead of
76. ource device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately PAUSE frame is identical in the form of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 As per the specification PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission of MAC control frame Normally in 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet only symmetric flow control is supported However some switches e g 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch support not only symmetric but asymmetric flow controls for the special application In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting PAUSE frame in one way from one side the other side is not but receipt and discard the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PASUE frames each other simultaneously Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to have the medium clear and stabilized as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In IEEE802 3 specification this is 96 b
77. r port 1 until the port results in congestion The result is that the packets will be dropped partially from the port 3 because the packets that belong to Low Priority For the use of VLAN Tag Priority function please press Configure at the right section for setting in advance User Manual In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter one of these special network transmission events for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration and click apply and then click Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and defined for your using but it is fine that you modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port number you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with default setting special defined TCP UDP port possesses lower QoS traffic than Default class all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc Giving an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 at each of port 2 and port number 81 at port 3 to port 1 until the congestion happens The packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 is high priority and will have higher precedence to be sent out from port 1 Giga Switch Configuration VLAN Tag Priority 2 a hed n t i Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 14 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS V
78. ration teatro Mose Managethertr steri ace Maintenance Fig 4 5 Up link Port This function is enabled only when metro mode is chosen in VLAN mode 7 Except Port 7 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 7 thus total 7 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 8 Except Port 8 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 8 thus total 7 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 788 Except Port 7 and Port 8 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 7 and Port 8 thus total 6 groups consisting of 3 members are formed Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 56 User Manual Giga Switch VLAN Mode Ty errs Mose Lie tet Omen gt a o z NEE 1 SOK aate 10 ET Yan Fig 4 6 Management Interface State It works when the tag based mode is chosen When this function is enabled only the tagged packets with this VID can manage the switch VID Valid range 1 4094 User Manual 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration Function name VLAN Group Configuration Function description It shows the existed information of VLAN Groups List and maintains them i e modify and delete one of them User also can add a new VLAN group by inputting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID If you are in port based VLAN
79. ration uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frame independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the PRE Preamble pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicates the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bit of the frame is received For a received frame the MAC will check 1 If it is less than one slotTime in length i e short packet and if yes it will be discarded by MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime it means there may be a collision happened somewhere or an interface malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting the case the MAC drops the packet and goes back to the ready state If the DA of the received frame exactly matches the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address designated to recognize If not discards it and the MAC passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state If the frame is too long If yes throws it away and reports frameTooLong If the FCS of the received frame is valid If not for 10M and 100M Ethernet discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet MAC has to check one more field i e extra bit fiel
80. rent logical networks which have their own broadcast domain The traffic will not disturb among these logical networks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 and others This helps us configure the network easily according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever you think it necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or join a new user somewhere in the building to VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Basically VLAN can afford offering at least 3 benefits move and change users reduce broadcast traffic and increase performance Security Besides VLAN can highly reduce the traffic congestion and increase total performance because there are no more too many users in the same broadcast domain Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 40 User Manual There are many types of VLAN applied Most popular is port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other Tag based VLAN It identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from It is also referred to as 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN It identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX Appletalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentione
81. ress of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig 2 8 It is classful because it is split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address Each IP address comprises two parts network identifier address and host identifier address The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN Here the term of IP address we used is version 4 known as IPv4 32 bits tM f O Network identifier Host identifier Fig 2 8 IP address structure Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 16 User Manual With the classful addressing it divides IP address into three classes class A class B and class C The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 24 Each class has its address range described below Class A Address is less than 126 255 255 255 There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for loopback function Bit
82. rnet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802 3z and 1000Base SX LX standards 1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM BiDi transceiver is designed with an optic Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM technology that transports bi directional full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously e Key Features in the Device Qos The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports TOS field of IP header equal DSCP low 3 bits on Layer 3 of network framework and 6 kinds of special network transmission events on Layer 4 VLAN Supports Port based VLAN IEEE802 1Q Tag VLAN And supports 8 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1 4094 Port Trunking Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group by the static setting Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 2 Checklist Before you start installing the switch verify that the package contains the following Aset of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Modules optional This User s Manual in CD ROM AC Power Cord Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged 1 3 Features The 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch a standalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network e Hardware 6 10 100 1000Mbps Auto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP p
83. rt the packet form this port may be tag out But the packet would be untag out if the VID of its tag is the same as the value of Untag VID while Untag VID state is Enable Untag VID Valid range is 0 4094 PVID Configuration Configuration a Dssbie li F i Oo OC D isee ft EN Bo Oo 0 meN i i oO oO D Dedem i Ger Rule 1 Droe Frame from Nonmmenber Port RAYE mez Drp uetapged Frans le Maintenance zta earn Seata Etag O see Fig 4 10 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 62 t o t o 1 o t ooga Desane i J Osse t Destie 1 Desane t User Manual 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle more than one port with the same speed full duplex and the same MAC to be a single logical port thus the logical port aggregates the bandwidth of these ports This means you can apply your current Ethernet equipments to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if there are three Fast Ethernet ports aggregated in a logical port then this logical port has bandwidth three times as high as a single Fast Ethernet port has Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking With this function user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existed trunking group Parameter description Nor
84. s a switch able to know whether its partner has the capability to co setup a trunk between them Usually if administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he may 1 Buy new network equipments with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to a logical link If the item 1 is the case you will pay much more cost beyond your budget and the solution caused by the limitation of hardware performance may not be scalable If the item 2 is the case now you do not have to pay much more extra cost and can keep flexible according to the demand of bandwidth because all equipments are there already And what s more you can avoid worrying about the interoperability issue Applying LACP in your network you will not only gain benefits below to improve the performance of your network but also have these investments usable to future new products 1 Public standardized specification 2 No interoperability issue 3 No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format no change in software and management Increased bandwidth and availability Load sharing and redundancy Automatic configuration Rapid configuration and reconfiguration Deterministic behavior Low risk of duplication or mis ordering Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients Backwards compatibility with aggregation unaware devices O C0 NO OV o_o O There are also some constraints when applying LACP 1 LACP does not support inter switch
85. s to A multicast address is identified with a group of network devices or network interfaces In Ethernet a many to many connectivity in the LANs is provided It provides a mean to send a frame to many network devices at a time When all bit of DA is 1s it is a broadcast which means all network device except the sender itself can receive the frame and response Ethernet Frame Format There are two major forms of Ethernet frame type encapsulation and length encapsulation both of which are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW We will introduce the basic Ethernet frame format defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations It contains seven fields explained below PRE SFD DA SA Type Length Data Pad bitifany FCS T T 6 6 2 46 1500 4 Fig 3 3 Ethernet frame structure Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the receiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros ending with two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1s bit to indicate that the next bit is t
86. sections Configuration System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration Max Packet Length Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 50 User Manual 4 2 1 System Configuration System configuration is one of the most important configurations in the switch Without the proper setting network manager will not be able to manage or view the device The switch supports manual IP address setting When IP address is changed you must reboot the switch to have the setting taken effect and use the new IP to browse for web management Giga Switch Configuration System Configuration z 8 D Dj oo ster 04 00 09 Ry peds v0 0 Si e TET jura 030602000001 Monitoring eens Maintenance Fig 4 3 Function name System Configuration Function description Set IP address subnet mask default gateway system name password and auto logout timer for the switch Parameter description MAC Address It is the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch Serial Number The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer User Manual IP Address Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new val
87. ssion events on Layer 4 and IP DiffServe QoS service In Quality of Service QoS Configuration there is one option named Default Class As you had selected one of the four QoS functions then some packets that did not belong to this QoS would be viewed as Default Class For instance if you set QoS function as VLAN Tag Priority mode and then choose Default Class as High finally the priority of the packets with no tag will be considered as High priority precedence The initial value of the Default Class is High Giga Switch r SSS nn Configuration Quality of Service QoS Configuration VLAN Tag Prissy Cantiguey WP Jes Conii atten GCevtiguer dead IP TOP UDP Porn Classification Gentuurn IP Uitteery hematic ation etd lure Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 13 Function name VLAN Tag Priority Function description In vlan tag there are 3 bits belonging to priority According to these 3 bits we could arrange 8 traffics 000 001 010 010 100 101 110 111 We can set High priority or Low priority for each traffic class For instance if we let VLAN tagged priority 0 0 0 be high priority and VLAN tagged priority 0 0 1 be Low Priority and then make port 1 2 3 be in the vlan 2 We sent in the packets that have vian tagged Field appears 0 0 0 and VID equals 2 from the port 2 and the packets that have vian tagged Field appears 0 0 1 and VID equals 2 from the port 3 We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted fo
88. ssuming a 24 port switch is applied Name VID Port Members Marketing 2 1 2 3 4 5 Service 3 6 7 20 21 22 Sales 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Administration 1 17 18 19 23 24 Table 3 6 Next assigns IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as internal IP block Because there are total four VLANs in the network we must assign 4 IP blocks to each of them Name VID Network Address Marketing 2 10 1 2 0 24 Service 3 10 1 3 0 24 Sales 4 10 1 4 0 24 Administration 1 10 1 1 0 24 Table 3 7 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN is capable of supporting 254 nodes Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 3 6 Link Aggregation Basically Link Aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This highly increases total bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause the problem of interoperability This is the reason why now we have 802 3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP Why 802 3ad LACP Network is varying For example if a port malfunctioned or unplugged accidentally in a static trunk port administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will get trouble Therefore offering a tool with automatic recovery capability is necessary for an administrator LACP is a protocol that allow
89. t 1550nm 20Km RX Receive 1310nm Table2 1 Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 10 User Manual 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Topology Takes the Delay Time into Account Theoretically the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may up link the switches unlimitedly In practice the network extension cascading levels amp overall diameter must follow the constraint of the IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3z and other 802 1 series protocol specifications in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802 3 series specification of Media Access Control MAC and PHY and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802 1d 802 1q LACP and so on The fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip are as follows 1000Base X TP Fiber 100Base TX TP 100Base FX Fiber Round trip Delay 4096 Round trip Delay 512 Cat 5 TP Wire 11 12 m Cat 5 TP Wire 1 0 m Fiber Cable 10 10 m TP to fiber Converter 56 Bit Time unit 1ns 1sec 1000 Mega bit Bit Time unit 0 01us 1sec 100 Mega bit Table 2 2 Sum up all elements bit time delay and the overall bit time delay of wires devices must be within Round Trip Delay bit times in a half duplex network segment collision domain For full duplex operation this will not be applied You may use the TP Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide
90. tempt reaches 16 times the frame in MAC s queue will be discarded User Manual Ethernet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex ways In half duplex operation mode the MAC can either transmit or receive frame at a moment but cannot do both jobs at the same time As the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to travel to reach the targeted device For two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame in worst case just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specification Ethernet operates in half duplex only Under this condition when in 10Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in 100Mbps LAN it s approximately 200 meters and in 1000Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters But it s not practical so the LAN diameter is kept by using to increase the minimum frame size with a variable length non data ext
91. tus Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maximum Packet Length are contained in this function folder for port monitor and management Each of them will be described in detail orderly in the following sections Mirror Trap Event Maximum Packet Length Publication date April 2005 Revision Al 82 User Manual 4 4 1 1 System Status System Status Product Name 8 Port 10 100 1000M Gigabit sw v0 90 v1 01 Serial Number 030E02000001 IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 MAC Address 00 40 c7 dd 00 03 System Name Giga Switch Auto Logout Timer mins i Fig 4 24 Function name System Status Function Description Display the status information of this switch Parameter Description Product Name To show the product name of this device Firmware Version To show the firmware version of this switch Hardware Version To show the hardware version of this switch Serial Number The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer IP Address To show the IP address of this switch Subnet Mask To show the subnet mask of this switch Default Gateway To show the default gateway of this switch User Manual MAC Address To show the Ethernet MAC address of this switch System Name To show the special name for this switch Auto Logout Timer To show the setting of auto logout timer in the web UI Publication date April 2005
92. ues Then click lt Apply gt button to update Default 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address because any IP device in a network must own its IP address composed of Network address and Host address otherwise can t communicate with other devices each other But unfortunately the network classes A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks hence subnet mask is introduced to solve this problem Subnet mask uses some bits from host address and makes an IP address looked Network address Subnet mask number and host address It is shown in the following figure This reduces the total IP number of a network able to support by the amount of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number 2 bit number of subnet number 32 bits Network Hosti0 Network io Subnet number Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it attaches For more information please also see the Section 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment in this manual Default 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If a packet does not meet the criteria for other pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with undefined IP address in the
93. using CLI interface providing a more convenient GUI for the user Publication date April 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 4 View of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Fig 1 1 Full View of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs There are 8 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP fiber ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch LED display area contains a Power LED which indicates the power status and 8 ports working status of the switch Gigabit Ethernet Port abi TRL cai sO SX SSP Fo Gal Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs RESET Button RESET button is used to Power Indication LED restore the system default setting Fig 1 2 Front View of 8 Gigabit Web Smart Switch User Manual LED Indicators LED Color Function System LED POWER Green _ Lit when 5V DC power is on and good 10 100 1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 8 LED Lit when connection with remote device is good LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when cable connection is not good Green Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active Lit amber when 100Mbps speed is active TO DOSCOMD DS AMBE Off when 10Mbps speed is active 1000SX LX Gigabit Fiber Port 7 8 LED Lit when connection with the remote device is good SFP LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when module connection is not good Table1 1

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