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Contents
1. User s Manual a 2 marks What artifacts used in verification and validation of software can have a one to one correspon dence with scenarios in the sense that one has as complete coverage as the other and in the sense that each instance of these artifacts can be converted to a scenario and each scenario can be converted into an instance of these artifacts b 2 marks A good UM for a system written before implementing the system should be written so that the reader of the UM that the system is already In other words the UM should through its teeth even though it probably does not have teeth Cost Estimation c 2 marks Describe circumstances in which accurate predictable software cost estimation may be reason able to expect Page 2 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 d 2 marks Software cost estimation may be very difficult to do accurately in practice Give one reason why it is important to perform even though it may be difficult e 2 marks If the programming team for a late project is large enough then adding another programmer makes the project even later because for some number of people in the project adding one more person who can work 8 hours per day causes more than more of among the people in the project Nonfunctional Requirements f 2 marks Describe what nonfunctional requirements are used to explain Give two examples2. epoo euou g9 WO dd WS edeus TH Y7 uonoeurqoop JensiA eoi601 1epjo MopurtAAuluonisod wopurMu uonisod uonosjes MopulMujuonisod Josano FINAL EXAM Page 8 of 24 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 3 15 total marks Scenarios and Use Cases Find below the default scenario for the use case UC Marking Your Ballot Change the scenario so that a the whole checking of the voter s identification number token and registration address procedure in Steps 5 11 is replaced by the pollster s requesting and the voter s sending simply the name of the ballot and his or her reg istration file name from in his or her sensus directory The pollster sends a request for an unvoted ballot to the correct election authority and that election authority sends an unvoted ballot to the pollster for passing on to the voter b This whole replacement happens only soon after Step 15 in which the voter selects mark ballot from the pollster s menu and not before just viewing the ballot You may write directly on the scenario on the next page crossing off removed steps moving deleted steps by clearly indicating with arrows pointing to the places they should be moved to or writing new steps inline or out of line but with arrows pointing to the places they should be inserted into UC Marking your Ballot Voter Pollster Election Registrar 1 Voter invokes
3. g 2 marks Explain the significance of What gets measured gets done Page 3 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 RE Reference Model Requirements Determination is Unstoppable h 2 marks In Michael Jackson s quotation Requirements engineering is where the informal meets the 3 formal the informal is the S and the formal is the and the Graduate Student Lectures Answer at least 3 of the following 6 questions If you answer more than 3 of them we will use only 3 towards your total marks namely the 3 with the highest marks i 2 marks Ahmed Haj Yasien s talk about How do Software Architects Consider Nonfunctional Require ments An Exploratory Study One respondent s answer We wait for the client to complain He will notice when something goes wrong was described as extreme G 2 marks Ross Hacquebard s talk about Monitoring and Diagnosing Software Requirements What is the purpose of applying a model checker to a goal model k 2 marks Daniel Berry s talk about The Impact of Domain Knowledge on the Effectiveness of Require ments Idea Generation during Requirements Elicitation What is the key take away message of the talk which follows from what the experiment weakly supported Page 4 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 1 2 marks Abrar Salman
4. s talk about Reconciling Multi Jurisdictional Legal Requirements Require 999 ments Water Marking a Case Study If an organization determines that the regulations governing data transmission from the State of Ohio to the State of New York are totally logically inconsistent what is true of sending data from Ohio to New York m 2 marks Mariam Adil Hassan s talk on Customer Requirement Management in Product Development a Review of Research Issues What steps of the RE lifecycle were covered by the research reported by the paper n 2 marks Nabil Abou Reslan s talk about A Feature Oriented Requirements Modeling Language The purpose of the reported use of FORML to model features is to discover implicit interaction among a set of independently described features True or False Page 5 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 2 20 total marks Domain modeling with Class Diagram and World Diagram Consider an HTML editor that shows the user two views of the HTML file being edited a the browser view that results from interpreting the HTML markup in the edited file and b the raw text view showing a normal text editor s view of the edited file in which HTML markup is shown as text The user is allowed to do updating commands through either view a in the browser view using MS Word like direct manipulation commands for creating and updating p
5. UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 Fall 2012 Final Exam 6 December 2012 12 30pm 3 00pm Instructors D M Berry and R Trefler No aids allowed i e closed book Plan your time wisely Answer all of the questions on this exam paper Your Name and Student Number In the immortal words of the yet to be born Spock of Vulcan Live Long and Prosper Ql 15 Q2 20 Q3 10 Q4 15 Q5 5 Q6 15 Q7 15 Q8 20 TOTAL 115 Page 1 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 In this exam a short underscore of inch 2 54 cm should be filled with one word A long underscore of 3 inches 7 63 cm should be filled with a phrase consisting of one to several words In the former case if you cannot think of exactly the right number of words then give the best answer that you can and we ll give it as many marks as we can possibly even full credit If you cannot even think of words to fill in then write an answer as a sentence and we ll give it as many marks as we can In this exam in a True or False item each correct answer is worth the stated number of marks each incorrect answer is worth the negative of one half of the stated number of marks unless the item asks for an explanation as well 1 22 total marks scaled to 15 marks Short Answer
6. VERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 i 2 marks Give two strategies for dealing with ambiguity in RE documentation Page 19 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 7 16 total marks scaled to 15 marks Temporal and Time Based Logic Recall that for any temporal logic formula f In the following p is an atomic proposition 0p 2 OO By giving the intuition briefly justify your answer a 4 marks True or False b 4 marks True or False p gt p O Op By giving the intuition briefly justify your answer c 4 marks True or False C p gt p By giving the intuition briefly justify your answer d 4 marks Suppose we show that it is not the case M P H f means that for all points on all sequences of states f holds f What conclusions can we draw about the behaviour of the program P with respect to the temporal specification f Briefly justify your answer Page 20 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 8 30 total marks scaled to 20 marks The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm a 2 marks Consider the following sentence and LR document VO shown in visual order b Dan said TYN DUY Dw to Younos and Richard Write here the number of the line among the eigh
7. Voter Pollster Election Registrar 18 Pollster displays ballot question 1 and its voting instructions 19 Voter votes on ballot question 1 20 Pollster displays ballot question Mand its voting instructions 21 Voter votes on ballot question m 22 Pollster prorrpis Voter with vote ending prompt 1 23 Voter answers yes to prompt 1 Voter Pollster Election Registrar 24 Pollster prons Voter with vote ending prom k 25 Voter answers yes to 27 Voter exits Sensus program Page 11 of 24 26 Pollster sends conpletely voted ballot to Election Authority FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 4 51 total marks scaled to 15 marks Class Diagrams State Machine Modeling and State Machine Diagrams a 4 marks Explain the following diagram and its components related to the definition of the extended state machine models e c a b 4 marks Explain the differences and benefits of hierarchical state machine models over flat state machine models c 4 marks Briefly describe the distinction between a deep history variable and a history variable Page 12 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 d 4 marks Explain the differences between actions and activities in a state machine diagram Give one modelling example that is more appropriately described as an action and one that is more appropriately described as an activi
8. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXKXXX lt gt lt lt gt lt please superimpose contours with each contour labeled by its embedding level and around the characters of the line that are at the contour s level To show the direction of each unidirectional run of characters use arrows under the letters as shown in the figure above c 8 marks Consider the following sentence LOI in logical order he said car MEANS CAR Then show the correct visual order representation of LOI Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s initial assignment of embedding level to the logically ordered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he said car MEANS CAR Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s second assignment of embedding level to the logically or dered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he said car MEANS CAR d wm 8 marks Consider the following sentence LO2 in logical order he said car MEANS CAR Suppose that is RLE and is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LO2 Page 22 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 wm Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s initial assignment of embedding level to the logically ordered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he
9. ara graphs headers ordered and unordered lists tables etc and applying font changes to selections etc and b in the raw text view by creating and updating HTML markup in textual form A saved change in either view causes a corresponding change to the other view so that at all times the browser view is that which results from interpreting the raw text by an HTML inter preter On the next page draw a domain model of this HTML editor in the form of a UML class diagram with a super imposed world diagram HINT You might find it useful to look at the domain model of the bidirectional word processor BDWP that was produced as Berry s solution to Deliverable 2 which is reproduced on the page after the blank page Page 6 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 Page 7 of 24 FINAL EXAM SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO enay 5jeeM BuoulS uiBueuis jueujuoJiAu3 kOpe Jost 4QQUIOd peo yJ QUON JepJOJeo 6o TuplHepoonun f V uomainnepgp Japeieu 9nisiA Japeieu pnao T ujoueans PP UOp KPOp Japeireu epoour RPO R BES NON odeus Jepereyopedeys uomoeps IOS ro eoepelu TERS UOISSSS ulejs S aaa euou J4 u1 uonoeurqunejep L 2 2 70
10. e domain assumptions and the system specifi cation b 5 marks Explain in detail what the relationship S D R is meant to represent where S describes the system D describes the domain assumptions and R describes the requirements HINT You are trying to show that S R but often cannot do so without more information Page 16 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 6 18 total marks scaled to 15 marks Ambiguity a 2 marks Ambiguity is a problem in reading or writing SRS documents True or False Explain your answer b 2 marks Give two reasons why natural language is needed in SRS documentation c 2 marks Give one benefit of using a formal language over using a natural language in writing SRS documentation d 2 marks Give one benefit of using a natural language over using a formal language in writing SRS documentation Page 17 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 e 2 marks Describe two kinds of linguistic ambiguity f 2 marks The spam filter delivers only the e mail that the user wants Explain a circumstance under which the position of the word only in the sentence is appropriate g 2 marks Explain why natural language ambiguity can be dangerous in RE h 2 marks Explain the concept of subconscious disambiguation in RE and a reason why it is dangerous Page 18 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNI
11. said car MEANS CAR Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s second assignment of embedding level to the logically or dered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he said car MEANS CAR 8 marks Consider the following sentence LO3 in logical order he said car MEANS CAR Suppose that in this case is RLO and is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LO3 Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s initial assignment of embedding level to the logically ordered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he said car MEANS CAR Show the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s second assignment of embedding level to the logically or dered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirecdtional run of characters in the line he said car MEANS CAR Page 23 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 f 2 marks When a bidirectional word processor is processing a logically ordered file in principle the Uni code Bidirectional Algorithm is carried out on the entire logically ordered file after each to the file Page 24 of 24 FINAL EXAM
12. t lines below that is the logically or time ordered version of VO 1 Dan said DUY mov TDT to Younos and Richard 2 Dan said 2331 W910 1D to Younos and Richard 3 naD diaswon nnv 11231 drahciR dna souoY ot 4 Dan said win nxv 191917 to Younos and Richard 5 Dan said 113 vu nv to Younos and Richard 6 Dan said 11D 1231 WND to Younos and Richard 7 Dan said nbw TDN nv to Younos and Richard 8 said Dan win nxv 1911917 to Richard and Younos 2 marks Write here the number of the pair of lines among the two pairs below that is proper breaking of VO into two lines 1 Dan said DUY DDW T to Younos and Richard 2 Dan said TAYN vu mov to Younos and Richard Each of the next three questions gives a string in logical order with the convention that lower case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols are themselves In each question you will be asked to show the visual order representation of the logically ordered line In addition you will be asked to indicate the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm s initial and second assignments of embedding level to the logically ordered line and the direction of the characters of each unidirectional run chunk of characters To show embedding levels as shown in Page 21 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 1 2 3 3 XXXXXXXXX
13. the sensus corrrrandgd to run the Pollster 2 Pollster displays a menu of options 3 Voter slects the marking ballot option 4 Pollster generates and sends a public private key pair for Voter 5 Pollster prorrpts voter for his her identification nurrber token and registration address Page 9 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 Voter Pollster Election Registrar 6 Voter sends his her identification nurrber token and registration address 7 Pollster requests verification of voterid fromRegistrar 8 If voterid is registered Registrar sends Pollster acknowecdgerrent 9 Pollster requests an unvoted ballot from Election authority to send it to Voter 10 Election authority sends an unvoted ballot to Pollster IL Pollster sends unvoted ballot to Voter Voter Pollster Election Registrar 12 Pollster displays pollster menu 13 Voter selects view ballot questions and instructions from the pollster nenu 14 Pollster displays ballot questions and instructions 15 Voter selects mark ballot fromthe pollster nenu 16 Pollster pronis for the nane of the ballot and Voters registration fie narre 17 Voter sends the narre of the ballot and Voter s registration fie narre Page 10 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012
14. ty Briefly explain your answer e 2 marks In the context of state machine models explain the idea of completeness f 20 marks Consider the following variation of a domain description from the lecture notes The thingamajig snarkles the doodad but the doohicky frommles the doodad only after the thingamajig gives the doohicky permission to do so Draw a UML class diagram that models this description In this class diagram be sure to show the multi plicities on the classes and on the arcs Make sure that each noun and verb in the description shows up in your diagram Show all actors by use of the lt actor gt gt stereotype Page 13 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 g 1 marks Is the doohicky an actor h 2 marks Why or why not Page 14 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 i 10 marks Draw a state machine of the behavior of the doohicky This state machine is prepared to re ceive the input permitToFrommle from the thingamajig and is prepared to then send the output frommle as a command to the doodad Page 15 of 24 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2012 5 10 total marks Reference Model and World Models a 5 marks Draw a graph representing the relationship between the environment the interface and the system and label the areas representing the requirements th
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