CGN User Manual
Contents
1. connection as a parameter too compiling Sion just FRAME beginfenumerate Car tag item Create a new connection A item Bind default connection nj gt Compiling item Just call the functions as Converted end enumerate Compiling Converted You can create a new connection compiling Sion name subsect ion The with gnuplot con Converted Compiling The procedure of binding footnot s namex and plotting something is just use begin verbat im with gnuplot connect ion name Put your code here endfverbat im Remember to open the connection with gnuplot connect ion section The easy plotter utilit CGN has a little gui for the plo you 1l get a 1tk window where you can parameters you want to use If you wan name between quotes section Plotting functions CGN has more than one method to plot f Sto the equivalent gnuplot order have to care about what function to ul begin list3 3 3 item textbf plot 1 what to plot 8ki What to plot is a string some Sething like cos t sin t item texthf splot 1 uhat to plot 8l What to plot is a string somethii Sng like cos u sin u v item textbt plot function uhat to p This function tries to guess where to sithm from CGNOOB was worse Please upg beg infenumerate item Counts the number of commas at ul item If the number of commas is item If the number of commas is2. LaTeX Fi Wrote home nix Programac ia deve1 1i nix dreamland cio develllisp cgn Archivo Editar Ver Terminal Solapas Ayuda Saxe Converted Compiling Converted Compiling NIL nix dreamiand devellisp cgn doc Load Time Value of PCL ENSURE CTOR EASY PLOTTER DEFUN EASY PLOTTER PLOT2D TEST DEFUN PLOT2D TEST PLOT TEST DEFUN PLOT TEST Byte Compiling Top Level Form SPLOT TEST DEFUN SPLOT TEST WITH GNUPLOT CONNECTION DEFMACRO WITH GNUPLOT CONNECTION MULTIPLE CONNECTION TEST DEFUN MULTIPLE CONNECTION TEST Byte Compiling Top Level Form Compilation finished in 0 00 01 Loading P home nix Programacio devel lisp cgn cgn easy plotter PCL CTOR FRAME CES BCE home nix Programacio devel lisp cgn cgn x86 wr Function or file to draw sing Options for the plot with lines Piot nix dreamland cio devellisp cgn MASTER 9X al E happen 3 xdefault connect ioni something with a connection a to use more than one connecta g iem delete gnuplot connect Aplicaciones Lugares Entorno de escritorio Escritorio d VU Oe ED 0 opt EN o Gnuplot ROX 1 0 8 functions translate immediately ini The sl 9 6 you want to do That way you don t of 0 2 parametric is t you must give soma Note thal o urface plot ing lif 0 2 ametric is t you must give somethi Note
3. export set property in package extending cgn example To extend CGN It s not necessary create classes You just have to write functions that send the code that fills your needs At this example we face a very common problem there are lots of flags that control the behaviour of gnuplot CGN doesn t have functions to set all of them Well now we re gonna write a function to set all the flags that don t need paramethers First of all we study what the generated code will seem set timestamp set arrow It becomes clear that this function will do the work defun set property property format gnuplot set A property Now we can test this function and see what It happens start gnuplot enable debug T plot function cos x plot cos x set property timestamp set timestamp plot function sin x plot sin x 25 Gnuplot Figure 11 Before calling set property 18 Seeing release info Just type show release info And you ll see something like this CGN 008 released 9 II 07 19 Changelog CGN 009 Now CGN never uses tmp files This prevents some extrange bugs from CGNO008 9 I1 07 CGN 008 Added plot scatter Added create scatter data serie 26 Gnuplot O Sat Feb 03 21 22 12 2007 Figure 12 After calling set property Watch the timestamp Added create scatter graphic description Added new structures data serie and scatter graphic
4. CMUCL 19e on Suse Linux 10 Enterprise Edition for x86 2 SBCL 1 0 14 on Suse Linux 10 Enterprise Edition for x86 3 LispWorks 4 4 Personal Edition on Suse Linux 10 Enterprise Edition for x86 4 CLISP 2 44 on Syse Linux 10 Enterprise Edition for x86 5 SBCL 1 0 14 on OpenSuse 10 1 for x86_64 6 CLISP 2 44 on OpenSuse 10 1 for x86_64 7 Closure Common Lisp aka OpenMCL on OpenSuse 10 1 for x86_64 8 Mac OS X 9 CLISP 2 44 on Windows XP 32 bits 10 LispWorks 4 4 Personal Edition on Windows XP 32 bits Older versions of CGN where tested on other combinations and were known to work but nowadays we don t have such operative systems to test It This includes OpenBSD sbcl and FreeBSD clisp Please send us the operative system Lisp implementation that you use 4CGN will try to guess which operative system is running using the which os function gt On Windows with gnuplot works a little diferent due to gnuplot don t understanding persist 3 Starting and closing gnuplot To use CGN first of all you must start a gnuplot connection When you have finished using It you must close the conection You can choose how to do that Note that CGN only can only have 1 running connection start gnuplot amp key persistent path gnuplot This function will start a gnuplot connection It takes two keyword paramethers path is the path to gnuplot Use It if your gnuplot executable is not at the path of your os persis
5. to save information about scatter graphics Added show release info Added two new flags release and release date format gnuplot now does debug if debugging is enabled Added enable debug and disable debug Added debug a flag to control if CGN must do debug All the library has been updated to use the new format gnuplot facilities Format gnuplot now understands all the options that format can understand Replot function now can replot every type of functions Created a new manual for CGN Animate function now can create animations for whatever type of function only for one paramether 27 Added animate function to create animations At the moment only for f x and one paramether plot function now plots using the parametric form 20 VI 06 CGN 007 Added print graphic to print directly from CGN Modified plot function Now can be used to plot g x y not only f x Added save cgn to save Added load cgn to load Added with gnuplot a macro which should be the prefered way to use CGN Added the os special variable to use with with gnuplot to let CGN know which os is running This is used to print at the moment Updated cldoc documentation 8 VI 06 CGN 006 Corrected bug Gnuplot keeped running later of using close gnuplot Comments now translated to English It seems that the origi nal Catalonian documentation produced slow compilations at non Catalonian machines Added cldoc documenta
6. If parametric is t you must give something like cos u sin u v Note that in this other case the variables must be named u and v If surface is t you get a surface plot plot function what to plot This function tries to guess where to call plot or splot Its algorithm is easy to understand 1 Counts the number of commas at what to plot 2 If the number of commas is 2 you are trying to do a 3D parametric plot something like splot u u v v 3 If the number of commas is 1 you are trying to do a 2D parametric plot something like plot cos t sin t 4 If the number of commas is zero you are trying to do a non parametric plot Then It looks for a y letter in what to plot If It finds It tries to do an f x y plot like splot x y It calls plot what to plot in any other case plot function works very well but you always can use plot and splot if the algorithm doesn t understand what you want Other functions in the library like animate function use plot function to do Its work Note that you always must give an adequate name to your variables t for a 2D parametric plot u and v for a 3D parametric plot etc See figures 2 3 4 and 5 for examples Also note that plot function never does a surface plotting by itself If you want to do that enable surface plotting by enable surface plot something with plot function and disable surfaces with disable surface replot function wha
7. CGN User Manual Felip Alaez Nadal March 22 2008 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 Asking and contributing to CGN 1 2 No warrantyos e Ma SSSR Se ER en ed i ed 2 Installing CGN 2 1 Which gnuplot version to use 2 2 Using CGN on Windows a et hee I ees het ey 2 2 1 Limitations of CGN on Windows 2 3 Where does CGN work LL LORS due De rentes 3 Starting and closing gnuplot 4 The Gnuplot API AN Qe plo Macro eo isa e bape Bas Bape ee a a eg 4 2 The splot macro MS 2 ut re ek ad ee Baek eS 5 The CGN API 51 plod es ata Ae aa ee AA a ae a ee F2 STOOL BG LEE ae LP ss Ag he ed Ge eg AN eek le WS heat es 6 Using multiple connections 6 1 The with gnuplot connection macro 7 The easy plotter utility 8 Plotting functions Bel GSUPLACES cea tenn cs ee ook AR ene Pan boty Bae ey BGS 9 Plotting scatter graphics 9 1 STATES TLE Way er TE wis See Se ke nse Sip te ae Sst 95 Ss 9 2 plot points and function 10 Ploting histograms 11 Configuring gnuplot 12 Printing 13 Saving loading 14 Creating animations 10 10 17 17 18 19 21 22 22 22 23 15 Sending commands directly to gnuplot 16 Debugging CGN 17 Inside CGN 17 1 Extending CGN oa AS ae ee ety ER ty BR a RER 18 Seeing release info 19 Changelog 20 Bibliography 23 24 24 25 26 26 28 1 Introduction CGN is a library to control gnuplot f
8. bug With debug enabled CGN will print to standard output everything that It sends to gnuplot 17 Inside CGN Basically CGN is constructed over two different parts e A pipe that can comunicate with gnuplot and a function to send mes sages to It and e Lots of Lisp functions wrapping the most common operations you can do with gnuplot CGN uses Ltk for the pipe issue Ltk is a graphical toolkit for Lisp that uses a pipe to communicate with Tk It runs everywhere a Lisp implemen tation exists and is well supported and mantained It provides a function that creates a pipe and returns a stream to the executed program But with 2 goodies It s mantained by other people than me less work for me and wraps code for lots of different Lisp implementations Using It CGN works everywhere Tk is the Tcl ToolKit It s an interpreter that when called without arguments waits for code on standard input Ltk just creates the Tk code needed to create windows buttons etc 24 17 1 Extending CGN It s easy to extend CGN Everything you have to do is create a new function that sends to gnuplot the code that fills your needs using format gnuplot format gnuplot is just like format but provides some features like debuggind It also makes sure that gnuplot executes the command you send The first thing you have to do is creating a package for putting your code in It defpackage extending cgn example use cl cl user cgn
9. e etc 13 Saving loading CGN can save a gnuplot session to a file and It can load It later You have to understand that CGN does not save nothing It s gnuplot who saves the session Then when you load the saved session you can restore gnuplot s status plotted functions title etc but not CGN s status To save use save cgn file And to load load cgn file This is only until release 007 Release 008 can determinate which os is running without the help of the user 10There s an easy trick to conditionally set os to the correct symbol Just if member win32 features setq os w32 setq os another This code was written for CGN 008 but It s not included in It because I don t know If works everywhere I ve tried It with sbcl and clisp and works Please if you ve tried It with another lisp for windows send me a mail to superratoli gmail com and this code will be included in CGN 009 22 14 Creating animations Since CGN 008 CGN can create animations To do that simply use animate function animate function what function amp key what parameter initial value increment number of frames fps what function simply is a string where you use some paramether CGN will change the value of that paramether Example sin a x CGN will change the value of a what paramether is the variable that CGN will change In our example the string a initial value is a number the
10. ecial variable named gnuplot to mantain a hash table where It looks for open connections to gnuplot Each connection is named by a symbol When you call to start gnuplot or with gnuplot does this for you CGN creates a connection named default gnuplot connection When you use some method from CGN it looks for the name of the connection to use by looking at the variable default connection name Then if you want to use more than one connection just 1 Create a new connection 2 Bind default connection name to the name of the connection you want to use 3 Just call the functions as you do usually Everything will be sent to that connection You can create a new connection calling add new gnuplot connection name You can also close manually a connection calling delete gnuplot connection name 6 1 The with gnuplot connection macro The procedure of binding default connection name and plotting some thing is very usual CGN provides a macro to do that This is the with gnuplot connection macro To do something with a connection just use with gnuplot connection name Put your code here 6Some methods understand the name of the connection as a parameter too Look above for the list of parameters that plot2d and plot3d understand TPlease you should never destructively set this variable This would cause strange things to happen File Edit Options Buffers Tools Tex 4 Drogy LABEL
11. for the data series and the function Please run cgn plot points and function test to see a little example 19 Figure 9 A scatter graphic made with plot points 20 m Gnuplot Histograma Anglaterra Espanya Figure 10 A more elaborated histogram with two data series 10 Ploting histograms CGN can plot histograms The plot histogram function makes this easy Note that this function has a side effect it resets gnuplot after showing the plot plot histogram xtics serie xtics is a list with the titles appearing at the xaxis under each column serie is the height of each column With plot histogram you get a very simple histogram You can do more complicated histograms with plot complex histogram See figure 10 with gnuplot let hg create histogram description Histograma list Anglaterra Espanya create histogram data serie hg list 1 3 2 1940 create histogram data serie hg list 2 5 3 7 1990 plot complex histogram hg 21 11 Configuring gnuplot CGN can do some personalization of gnuplot for you At the moment set grid on off set range eix min max set title text 12 Printing CGN can print directly from gnuplot To do that It needs to know what operative system is running Just use print graphic optional os os os must be set to w32 on windows For non windows machines you can use whatever symbol except w32 linux unix my beautiful machin
12. initial value for a increment is the number to add this can be a negative number to the paramether to compute the next frame number of frames is the total number of images in the animation fps frames per second is the number of frames per second that CGN will show Here you have a little animation Copy It to your REPL and see what It does with gnuplot animate function cos a x a sin x variable a initial_value 0 0 increment 0 01 number_of_frames 100 fps 10 15 Sending commands directly to gnuplot CGN simply sends commands to gnuplot writing to a pipe You can do do that too This way you can do everything that gnuplot can do even if CGN doesn t have implemented It Simply use format gnuplot format gnuplot text amp rest arguments format gnuplot works exactly like the habitual format function in lisp but It doesn t have a stream param ether This is just the pipe Example supose you want to plot the function 23 cos x CGN can do that but this is an example In gnuplot you would write plot cos x Well you just could use format gnuplot plot cos x Play a little with this function and you ll see how easy is to use It 16 Debugging CGN Since CGN 008 debugging is supported You shouldn t enable debug for a normal use Enable It only if you are developing some kind of extension to CGN To enable debug just use enable debug And to disable It disable de
13. ith lines with gnuplot plot data txt title MyData 4 2 The splot macro This macro is very similar to plot Simply uses the splot command from gnuplot instead of plot 5 The CGN API CGN implements an API similar to that from Maxima Usually if you have a Maxima command to plot something simply change by and delete all the commas and you ll get something that works with CGN They all understand the following options e connection This is an option that does not exist in Maxima Use connection name and CGN will know which active gnuplot connection to use for that plot ey e legend e xlabel This is the label to put at the x axis xlabel my x label e ylabel This is the label to put at the y axis ylabel my y label e logx e logy e box e gnuplot term options e gnuplot out file _ options e enuplot_pm3d_options e gnuplot ps term command e gnuplot_ default term_command 5 1 plot2d plot2d is the CGN function for the Maxima plot2d This can plot scatter plots and lisp functions and lambda expressions too Try cgn plot2d test to see an example 5 2 plot3d plot3d is the CGN function for the Maxima plot3d This can only plot functions Try cgn plot3d test to see an example 6 Using multiple connections Since CGN 009 you can use more than one gnuplot connection at time To do that you must understand something about how CGN works CGN uses a sp
14. nstalling CGN CGN is easy to install Simply start a REPL and write asdf install install CGN This will download and install CGN for you Note that CGN needs ltk to be installed If you don t have ltk this will download and install Itk too If you don t have a working internet connection avaliable download the source code manually uncompress It and go to the directory that has ap peared Then start a REPL and write asdf oos asdf load op CGN This will compile and load CGN If you don t have ltk installed you ll get an error Please go to http cliki net Itk and download Itk 2 1 Which gnuplot version to use CGN works well on gnuplot newer than 4 2 0 You should nt use an older CGN some things won t work Histogram styles were introduced with gnu plot 4 2 0 The with gnuplot macro doesn t work with gnuplot older than 4 0 0 CGN can be made to work on older gnuplots but I encourage you to upgrade your gnuplot before trying to do that It can be difficult and non portable 2 2 Using CGN on Windows CGN works on Windows but you need to know how There are two options to make It work 1 When you use the with gnuplot macro or the start gnuplot function use the path paramether to tell CGN where gnuplot is installed 2 Add gnuplot to the path Usually people doesn t know how to do the second Well if you want to add gnuplot to the path on a Windows machine first of all you need to install gnupl
15. or x and y setq sc create scatter graphic description Our experiments create scatter data serie sc 1 2 3 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 O Experimenti create scatter data serie sc 2 5 3 1 4 5 8 1 2 7 9 0 25 0 31 0 45 0 8 0 1 0 2 0 7 0 9 Experiment2 plot scatter graphic sc See figure 8 to see the output 9 1 The simple way plot points x y amp key x_error y_error This is easier to use if you want a scatter graphic with only 1 data series on It You provide lists to this function all them with the same length If you provide x_error you ll get errorbars at the x axis If you provide y_error you ll get errorbars at the y axis All the combinations of x_error and y_error are possible Example with gnuplot plot points list 1 2 3 4 5 list 23456 18 Our experiments Experimentl Experiment2 Figure 8 A scatter graphic ty error list 0 1 0 05 0 12 0 07 0 1 See figure 9 9 2 plot points and function This has been contributed by Dan Becker The prototype of this function is plot points and function x y func xstart rend data title func title This function is used to plot a x y data serie plus a function which is supposed to match x and y are sequences lists or vectors with the same length func is a string containing a gnuplot function xstart and xend is the range to use in the x axis data title and func title are the titles to show in the graphic
16. ot of course Then add the directory where you installed It to the path You can do It by clicking the left button on My computer then Advanced Options and Environment variables Modify the path variable to add the directory E g if you installed gnuplot at c gnuplot your path variable must be c program files more things c gnuplot Then go to the directory where gnuplot is installed and rename pgnuplot exe to gnuplot exe That s all 3 This has been pointed by Dan Becker Thanks you 2This is thougth for Windows XP Under other Windows versions this could change 3Yes I ve copied this from the CGN page at cliki net 5 2 2 1 Limitations of CGN on Windows The Windows version of gnuplot doesn t use the persist parameter at all Due to that the with gnuplot macro works a little diferent that in Linux You can use the with gnuplot macro but when It will show all the plots It will wait for you to write something and push intro to return This is the only change 2 3 Where does CGN work CGN is very portable due to Its use of ltk There are some test that document and show some of the features of CGN You can run them writing cgn plot test cgn splot test cgn plot2d test and cgn multiple connection test A combination of some Lisp im plementation and operative system is considered to work when It can run without trouble all these tests At the moment this includes 1
17. rom Lisp Initially thought as simply a pipe to comunicate with gnuplot It has grown to provide sintactic sugar for the most common operations on Gnuplot plotting graphics printing saving loading CGN has become big enough to need a manual for itself It comes here I hope It to be useful You can also see the examples at CGN s web at http common lisp net project nixies 1 1 Asking and contributing to CGN There are 2 mailing lists for CGN at http common lisp net cgi bin mailman listinfo nixies devel and http common lisp net cgi bin mailman listinfo nixies announce You can also mail me at superratoli gmail com Contributions to CGN are welcome Just send me them and IIl add them to CGN 1 2 No warranty CGN Copyright C Felip Alaez Nadal 2006 2008 This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITH OUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Steet Fifth Floor Boston MA 02111 1307 USA 2 I
18. t to plot This is the same as plot function but using replot Use this to add a second plot to the same screen See figure 6 8This is the new algorithm from CGN009 The old algorithm from CGN008 was worse Please upgrade to CGN009 if you have some problem with plot function 11 Gnuplot OY Figure 2 This can be the ouput from plot 1 cos x or plot function cos x 12 Gnuplot O Figure 3 This is a circle Can be the output from plot 1 cos t sin t parametric t or plot function cos t sin t 13 or E oy re ne gt 14 x y Figure 4 The output from splot 1 x y cos x y or plot function Oxy COS Gnuplot O sin u cos u v w ARRAS i Ht l W VY VA RER 7 Figure 5 A beautiful cilinder You can draw It with splot 1 sin u cos u plot function sin or parametric t gt Vv 15 cos x tan x Figure 6 Two function plots at the same screen This was generated with with gnuplot plot function cos x replot function tan x 16 Gnuplot cos x y sin x Figure 7 A very simple surface plot This was generated with with gnuplot splot 1 cos x y sin x surface t 8 1 Surfaces CGN uses the pm3d module to plot surfaces You ve seen above that you can set parametric t when you call splot or plot to plot a surface You can also
19. tent must be set to t is you want the gnuplot window to not close after closing the connection close gnuplot This will close the gnuplot connection for you with gnuplot amp key os os path gnuplot amp body body This is a macro and will need some explanation os is a paramether which can be set to some symbol identifying the underlying operative system Until CGN008 this had to be w32 is you were under a Windows pc because some functions have to generate diferent code under Windows Other values simply where treated as non w32 CGN009 tries to guess which operative system is running Due to that you don t have to use this paramether if everything goes ok but It still exists if you need The path paramether has the same meaning that in the start gnuplot function Body is the lisp code that is gonna be executed when the connection is open This macro calls to start gnuplot executes body and then calls to close gnuplot inside an unwind protect construction This way we can be sure that the connection is being closed 4 The Gnuplot API 4 1 The plot macro The plot macro lispifies the sintax of the gnuplot command plot something options Its prototype is plot something to plot amp rest options something to plot must be a string options are symbols or strings the same you would use in gnuplot something to plot must be enclosed within if It s a file name with gnuplot plot sin x w
20. that t a surface plot 0 4 0 6 Blgorithm from CGN009 The old algoraf 0 8 2 yol 1 yof a d 1 10 5 o 5 v JEE y FA d dom feb 24 10 59 tal Figure 1 This is the new easy plotter utility Remember to open the connection manually before calling with gnuplot connection 8 Plotting functions 10 7 The easy plotter utility CGN has a little gui for the plot macro If you write cgn easy plotter you ll get a ltk window where you can write the function to plot and the parameters you want to use If you want to plot a file you must write It s name between quotes See 1 CGN has more than one method to plot functions The gnuplot like method is to use the plot 1 and splot 1 functions This functions translate imme diately into the equivalent gnuplot order The second method is to use the plot function method This function tries to guess what you want to do That way you don t have to care about what function to use plot 1 what to plot amp key parametric surface What to plot is a string something like cos x or x tan x Note that the variable MUST be called x If parametric is t you must give something like cos t sin t Note that in this other case the variable must be called t If surface is t you get a surface plot splot 1 what to plot amp key parametric surface What to plot is a string something like cos x y or x y Note that the variables MUST be called x and y
21. tion 20 Bibliography The oficial pdf manual of Gnuplot 4 2 2 The gnuplot demos at the demo subdirectory of Its source tree I used the histogram py program by Mustafa Paksoy to learn about xtics and histograms The oficial documentation of Maxima In the beginning cgn was inspired by the gnuplot py package Google onuplot py to find It Lots of tutorials and examples from the www 28
22. use enable surface and disable surface to manage this manually enable surface Simply sets the pm3d module disable surface Unsets the pm3d module See figure 7 for an example 9 Plotting scatter graphics CGN can create scatter graphics easily To do that first of all you must create a scatter graphic description for your graphic Then you can add data series to It Finally use plot scatter graphic to plot the scatter graphic description create scatter graphic description title This creates a description object for you scatter graphic Once this is created you have to add data 17 series to It create scatter data serie sc scatter graphic x y x_error y_error title This is the method used to add data series to a description object x y xerror and y_error are lists Title is the title for the data serie Note that all the list need to have the same length If you don t want error in the x or y axis just set x_error or y_error to a list filled with zeros with the adequate length plot scatter graphic scatter graphic amp key fit function This func tion will plot your scatter graphic description fit function is a function a gnuplot string which is supposed to match you points If you don t provide It you ll get a normal scatter plot Example create an scatter graphic with points from experiment1 1 2 2 3 3 4 without errorbars and points from experiment2 2 5 1 3 1 2 4 5 7 8 9 with a 10 of error f
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