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Trestles 100 manual

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1. Trestles 100 F4 User Manual active area of photodiode Adjust M6 OC and position of M2 mirrors for a maximum signal until generation will appear Remove the photodiode 35 Place the power meter n the beam 36 Adjust the M6 and OC for maximum output power For optimization of Ti sapphire output power adjust OC and M5 by horizontal controls together and vertical controls together also Output power should be close to the maximum when the spots on MI look like on the picture green red 37 By small steps move M2 along the optical axis try to find maximum output power Make additional small adjustments using OC and M6 controls after each step 38 Move Ti sapphire crystal along the optical axis try to find maximum output power Make additional small adjustments using OC and M6 controls after each step 39 Adjust Brewster angle using Ti sapphire crystal angle control in small steps Try to reach maximum output power Make additional horizontal adjustments using OC and M6 controls after each step 40 Adjust focusing lens position and Ti sapphire crystal along the optical axis in small steps Try to reach maximum output power Make additional small adjustments using OC and M6 controls after each step 41 Verify that Ti sapphire output power is not less than 10 15 of pumping power If not repeat steps 36 41 Sometimes you should repeat steps 34 39 several times during the first alignment of the CW Ti Sapphire laser It requires patien
2. M9 and OC 2 There are beams reflected from the apex of each prism The beams should be almost parallel to each and must be in resonator plane plane at 70 mm above table top of the laser head If not then align the prisms and M9 OC 22 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 53 Align Pl so that generation s passing almost through the apex of pr sm But generation should not be lost 54 Test the output beam using fast photodiode and oscilloscope 55 Using the position aligning screw remove P2 from the pump beam The generation will be lost 56 Moving the P2 pr sm by your finger thus you change the depth of insertion of the prism look to the result on the oscilloscope Then moving M2 by small steps find the place where the pulses appear Femtosecond pulses should appear near the end of the region of stability Continuous pulse tra n should be observed on the oscilloscope screen in femtosecond operation Note We remind you that two regions of stability exist in asymmetric cavity You are moving through the stability region having less distance between MI and M2 57 Manage to achieve the situation when pulses train is observed while you hold the prism in place Then align the prism position screw to hold the prism in place 58 The laser was aligned at pump power 3 4W and output coupler 10 transmission For higher pump level use output couplers with higher transmission options 59 Measure the spectrum of Ti Sapphire laser radiat
3. and cause pulse spreading Further pulse spreading causes self Phase modulation SPM in the Ti Sapphire rod which results from the interaction of the short optical pulse with the nonlinear refractive index In order to obtain stable short output pulses these effects must be compensated with negative GVD Prism pairs are used to produce a net negative intracavity GVD in fs system This allows the system to produce sub 50 fs near transform limited pulses over most of wave length regime The scheme of laser depicted on the Fig 2 Laser consists of the following optical elements for the basic configuration 1 5 mm long Ti doped sapphire crystal TiS 2 Dielectric mirrors M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 with high reflection gt 99 5 M1 M2 have high reflection for working wavelength and transparent for laser pumping radiation radius of curvature is 100 mm M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 high reflectors for working wavelength flat mirrors OC output coupler Pm1 Pm2 pump routing flat mirror 3 L lens for focusing of pumping radiation focal length is F 80 mm 4 Pl P2 Brewster angle prisms at 800 nm 5 Al A2 A3 A4 A5 aligning apertures Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 4 LIST OF ACCESSORIES You need for assembling testing and operation of femtosecond T1 Sapphire laser l Optical table Ti Sapphire laser itself requires about 0 530 m x 0 430 m area of the optical table 2 A photodiode with gt 10 mm2 sensiti
4. transmission options 5 You spend not enough time to reach good femtosecond pulses 25
5. you notice any damage such as dents scratches or broken knobs immediately notify the carrier and your Del Mar Photonics Sales representative Open the cover of laser head and remove the bags which covering the elements of laser and fixing elements which are used for transport Do it very carefully try not to misalign the laser and damage mirrors during this procedure Placement of TRESTLES 100 F4 laser head 1 Hook up the water hoses to the laser head 2 Secure the laser head to the table with provided four foot clamps The clamps slide over the lower portion of each foot Verify the height adjust locking nuts on the fit are tight 4 Connect the slit control buttons to the laser head Tap power supply into power line options 5 Connect Starter button or connect the Electronic module optionally to the laser head Tap power supply in to power line 6 Verify the output of the pump laser meets specifications for power and mode quality For pumping TRESTLES 100 F4 laser should be used pump laser operating in TEMo9 transverse mode regime with output power gt 3 Watts 7 Reduce pump laser power to the minimum U9 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 6 ALIGNMENT This part of our instructions describes installation and alignment procedure Researchers use sl ghtly different approaches to constructing a mode locking Ti Sapphire laser see review paper references If you have good experience in laser technology you can use y
6. 0 F4 laser emits CW and pulsed infrared radiation it s extremely dangerous to the eye Infrared radiation passes easily through the cornea which focuses it on the retina where it can cause instantaneous permanent damage Precautions for the safe operation of Class IV Power lasers Wear protective eyewear at all times selection depends on the wavelength and intensity of the radiation the conditions of use and the visual function required Protective eyewear vendors are listed in the Laser Focus World Laser Optronics and Photonics Spectra buyer s guides Please use safety instructions of your pump laser and follow their recommendations in your work Maintain a high ambient light level in the laser operation area This keeps the pupil constricted thus reducing the possibility of eye damage Keep the protective cover on the laser at all times Avoid looking at the output beam even diffuse reflections are hazardous Keep all beams below eye level always Never look n the plane of propagation of the beams Avoid wearing jewelry or other objects that may reflect or scatter the beam while using the laser Use an infrared detector or energy detector to verify that the laser beam is off before working in front of the laser Operate the laser at lowest beam intensity possible given the requirements of the application Expand the beam whenever possible to reduce beam power density Avoid blocking the output beams or its reflection wi
7. A4 and to the center of the mirrors M5 and M6 verify that the beam is parallel to the scratch on the table top if not make it parallel to the scratch Verify the height of the beam 25 Aligning M6 direct beam back to the M5 M4 M3 mirrors and through the aperture A4 26 Wrench off all Al A2 A3 A4 A5 27 Increase pump power up to 3 4 W Use protective goggles for pump laser radiation 28 Aligning the positioning of the lens Use protective goggles for pump laser radiation during this procedure Remove beam blocker beyond M2 Translating the lens find the osition when round shape of the pump beam will abruptl change to the oval shape Place back the beam blocker 29 Use IR card to see the luminescence near OC mirror reflection of M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M7 M8 a reflection of M1 M7 M8 only 30 Aligning MI mirror direct luminescence reflected only from the MI M7 MS to the center of the OC 31 Verify the height of the beam with help of AA 32 Position of spot is adjusted by M6 controls The spot should be approximately on the center of spot reflected from M1 M7 M8 only 33 Align OC mirror so the reflected beam return back to the center of M8 M7 and M1 34 If a correct alignment has been done laser radiation should appear after small adjustments of M6 and OC If not then place the additional photodiode with large aperture beyond the OC mirror The luminescence spot should be in the 19
8. EMoo Divergence lt 0 4 mrad M2 lt 1 1 Power stability rms lt 10 Noise 1Hz 6MHZ rms lt 0 5 Polarisation ratio 100 1 Del Mar Photonics modeled analyzed and optimized the cavity design for optimum performance in minimal space The result was a 10 mirrors folded cavity Fig 2 This scheme incorporates 10 mirror cavity MI M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 OC Ti Sapphire crystal TiS lens for focusing of pump radiation L two prisms Pl and P2 and slit S In folded cavities where astigmatism s not eliminated output beams are elliptical and hard to focus But by carefully choosing the angles of the cav ty focus mirrors and rod length astigmatism in TRESTLES 100 F4 output beam s virtually eliminated Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Wavelength turning characteristics Because the Ti Sapphire rod is birefringent uninterrupted turning 1s achieved when the c axis of the rods is aligned coplanar with the polarization of electric field within the cavity Since the T1 Sapphire rod and prism surfaces represent a total of six Brewster s angle surfaces the polarization within the cavity is largely determined by the orientation of these surfaces Furthermore cavity losses are minimized and tuning is optimized when all these surfaces are accurately aligned at Brewster s angle The laser uses a proprietary T1 Sapphire rod holder that orients the rod surfaces at Brewster s angle and allows the c axis of the rod to be ali
9. Mode Locked Femtosecond Titanium Sapphire Laser MODEL Trestles 100 F4 MANUAL DEL MAR PHOTONICS 4119 Twilight Ridge San Diego CA 92130 USA Tel 858 876 3133 Fax 858 630 2376 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS OO IN NM B GUN el Introduction Laser safety Laser description List of accessories Installat on Alignment Day to day operation Possible problems Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 1 INTRODUCTION Ti Sapphire Titanium doped sapphire Ti Sapphire s a solid state laser medium capable of tunable laser operation over broad range of near infrared IR wave lengths Because of ts broad absorption band in blue and green energy for lasing process can be supplied by standard continuous wave CW argon on laser or CW 532 nm high power diode pumped solid state laser as opposed to an electrical discharge or flash lamp that supplies broad band excitation Solid state mode locked lasers produce femtosecond light pulses using Kerr lens mode locking KLM principle of operation and continuous wave pumping sources KLM principle combines self focusing nonlinear optical effect and aperture effect together to reach the shortest optical pulses This Kerr self focusing effect leads to slight changes in the spatial intensity profile of the resonator mode in laser oscillators As a consequence by introducing an intracavity aperture a power dependent loss can be created Owing to the qua
10. ce And it may be necessary to clean the mirrors and crystal surface 42 Wash all mirrors n the cavity e Close the pump shutter e Wash one mirror by alcohol or acetone e Open the pump shutter e Verify the output power the value should be bigger or the same Make small adjustments of M6 and OC e Repeat this procedure for mirrors in the cavity M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 OC L Pml Pm2 and crystal surfaces 43 Write down maximum output power and position of M2 micrometric screw Move M2 forward and back and find positions of micrometric screw where Ti sapphire laser 20 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual oscillation disappeared Write down these positions This s a range of stability Note There are two ranges of stability in the asymmetric cavity see G Cerulla et al Opt Lett 19 1994 807 Alignment of mode locked Ti sapphire laser 44 Flip the slit aside 45 Using adjusting screw of the PI prism insert prism in the beam path Moving the prism you can find the position of prism when laser oscillation begin between mirrors M6 OC and small fraction of this generation is deviated by P1 prism 46 Verify the correct aligning of the prism e Loosen but don t remove the rotation fixation screw R fig 5 e Rotating the prism s base plate adjust prism for minimal deviation of the beam e The heights should be also 70 mm above the laser head table top If it is necessary use the adjusting screws to align the prism see the
11. figure Ne5 47 Verify that beam strikes P2 prism Verify the height of the beam near P2 48 Using adjusting screw of the P2 prism insert prism in the beam path Verify correct aligning of the prism in same manner as in 46 Note If your laser was provided with electro mechanical starter then P2 holder mounting is replaced by electro mechanical starter 49 Align M9 to return deviated by P1 prism part of beam back 50 Insert PI in the beam by small adjustments of M9 mirror reach the generation through the prisms Block M6 mirror by blocker aperture A5 21 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 5 Fig 5 Schematic picture of prisms fixation and service l prism 2 fixating screw don t tight t with force to prevent birefringence of prism 3 screw V to align deviated beam in vertical plane 4 screw H to align reflected beams in vertical plane 5 screw R to fix rotation of base plate 6 6 prism s base plate rotating by hand 51 Aligning OC and M9 find maximum output power in same manner as in CW operation 52 Verify that output power decreases not more than 15 25 percent lower then output power without prisms If not repeat procedure from step 45 Sometimes you should repeat it several times during the first alignment of the CW T1 Sapphire laser It requires patience Note After finishing this procedures there are some check points 1 The spot on the MI mirror should be look like described in 35 If not align
12. gned coplanar to the electric field vector This technique compensates for unavoidable errors in rod orientation that occur when the rod 1s cut and polished Wavelength tuning range of the TRESTLES 100 F4 laser is 730 nm to 860 nm with 10 25 nm FWHM Wavelength selection The femtosecond laser TRESTLES 100 F4 is wavelength turned using a prism sequence and the slit This prism sequence provides a region in cavity where the wavelengths are spatially spread A variable slit is located in this dispersed beam The output wavelength is turned by changing the position of the slit in horizontal plane The width of the slit can also be changed so that the bandwidth and hence the temporal width of the output pulse can be varied This simple straight forward method covers the entire T1 Sapphire range for ultrashort pulses Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Key diagram of TIF 100 4W laser Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 10 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Scheme of laser head Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Fig 3 12 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Pulse width selection The pulse width turning characteristics of the Ti Sapphire laser are influenced by two factors those inherent in the Ti Sapphire material itself and those from cavity parameters While we cannot readily modify the T1 Sapphire material to change pulse width we can modify the net group velocity dispersion GVD The optical components in the laser cavity introduce positive GVD
13. ion with help of spectrometer or diffractive grating 60 Measure the spectrum and try to find its optimum using control of P2 mount You will obtain shorter pulses with broader spectrum Spectral bandwidth should be not less than 10 nm at FWHM full width half maximum with central wave length 800 nm It corresponds to 100 fs 61 Femtosecond operation starts from moving of optical elements Once started femtosecond operation lasts in hours at good pump laser stability and in stable room conditions When femtosecond operation disappears start it again with mechanical movement of P2 62 Measure pulse duration with autocorrelator 63 To get a tuning of output wavelength and to control a spectral bandwidth flip back the slit Align the width and position of the slit so the pulses are easily appearing at the same spectral position where they appear without slit Write down the position of the prism and the slit Then watching the spectrum and pulse train move the slit to shift the pulse spectrum to the desired region When you will see the noise in the train or CW portion in pulse spectrum move the prism in the same direction Make movements in small steps 23 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual Verify that laser eas ly starts at new position Repeat th s steps until you reach the desired central wave length Note If your laser is modified model with combined prism slit stage then you can achieve spectral turning by wrenching only one
14. nt Place the target piece of paper beyond the PC2 Align the PC2 for a dark field 18 nstall and align the crystal Close pump shutter Mount the crystal holder to its mount Tighten two vertical springs Open pump shutter Verify that the beam is passing through the center of the crystal Set up approximately Brewster angle by the angle control of crystal observing green beam reflected from the Ti sapphire crystal entrance surface Find position of crystal with minimum reflection Align the crystal for a dark field on the target rotating the crystal holder around the optical axis using the Screw for aligning crystallographic axis orientation 4 Fig 4 Close pump shutter Tighten four fixing screws two on each side of the mount Set up distance between M2 surface and entrance surface of the crystal by the longitudinal control screw of laser crystal stage equal to 48 mm 19 Remove PC2 with it mount 18 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 20 Install M2 mirror with the holder to its mount Set up the distance between MI and M2 surfaces approximately to 104 106 mm 21 Place a beam stopper beyond M2 22 Wrench off AS 23 Using adjusting screw of the Pl prism move the prism from the beam path 24 Open the pump shutter Using insertion adjusting screw of the PI prism remove the prism from the beam path Aligning M2 mirror direct the residual part of pump beam to the center of the M3 M4 mirror to the center of
15. ollinear with the cavity mode over a relatively long length of laser rod Continuous high inversion density over the entire volume of a rod several millimeters in diameter is difficult to achieve To circumvent this problem the pump light is focused to a narrow line within the rod and the oscillating laser mode is similarly focused and overlapped within the same volume a technique known as longitudinal pumping The output beam is then collimated and expanded to normal size The residual pump beam is dumped through the second cavity focus mirror Trestles 100 F4 User Manual TRESTLES 100 F4 laser description Pump laser The folded cavity Due to broad absorption band n blue and green energy for las ng process can be supplied by standard continuous wave CW argon ion laser or CW 532 nm high power diode pumped solid state lasers It s very important to note that pump laser should work in TEMop mode For pumping TRESTLES 100 F4 laser a pump laser operating in TEMpop transverse mode regime with output power 3 5 Watts should be used CW 532 nm high power diode pumped solid state laser from Laser Quantum is used in TRESTLES 100 F4 This laser generates a near diffraction limited highly stable beam at 532nm Capable of delivering gt 3W of power this laser is the most compact laser in its class It has highly sophisticated digital electronics Specifications Power gt 4W Wavelength 532 nm Beam size 2 5mm Transverse mode T
16. our own approach to the alignment of our femtosecond laser Nevertheless we hope that our instructions will help you in your work Alignment of Ti Sapphire laser Reduce pump laser power to the minimum 1 Wrench in the input aperture Al 2 Using routing mirrors Pml Pm2 direct the pump beam to pass through the input aperture Al and passes through the apertures A4 inside the TRESTLES 100 F4 laser Verify that beam pass through the centers of all 2 apertures 3 Switch on cooling water moderate water flow gt 0 5 liter min Trestles 100 F4 User Manual It is not necessary to follow the italicized instructions fore the first alignment You should only carry out these procedures in case of complete laser misalignment under severe transportation conditions Please follow the bold typed instructions 4 Close the shutter of the pump laser 5 Remove M1 and M2 mirrors with holders from their mounts 6 Remove focusing lens L with the draw tube from mount gt l Screw for aligning crystal position on optical axis 2 Screw for transverse aligning 3 Screw for aligning Brewster angle 4 Screw for aligning crystallographic axis orientation 5 Spring 6 Fixing screw Fig 4 7 Remove the crystal with the crystal holder fig 4 e Remove two vertical springs from the holder using a metallic hook metallic hook may be easily made from paper clip or thin flat nose pliers e Loose but not remove four clamping scre
17. prism position screw If you failed to achieve the lasing after several attempts please repeat all the steps including the italicized ones 24 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 7 DAY TO DAY OPERATION 1 Switch on cooling water for T1 Sapph re laser moderate flow 2 Switch on the pump laser 3 5 W output 3 Ti Sapphire will give proper characteristics after 40 minutes Pump power should be stable from day to day 4 Small adjustments of M9 and OC might be necessary in day to day operation 5 To turn off the system repeat the procedure in reverse order Note Occasionally it may be necessary to clean the optics and surfaces of the Ti Sapphire rod The best method is to clean surfaces Is to first block the ton laser pump beam and then blow excess particles from the surface Then fold a piece of lens tissue into a pad and clamp with a hemostat usually provided with the ton laser Soak this pad with spectroscopic grade acetone or methanol and shake off the excess liquid Then make one cleaning stroke only across the surface particles on the surface can become imbedded in the tissue and act as an abrasive if a second stroke is made across the surface 8 POSSIBLE PROBLEMS 1 Pump beam is not TEMoo mode 2 Stability of pump laser is not enough 3 Optical surfaces of laser elements are dirty 4 The laser was aligned at pump power 3 4W and output coupler 10 transmission For higher pump level use output couplers with higher
18. si instantaneous response of nonresonant Kerr nonlinearities the amplitude modulation induced by self focusing is able to simulate ultrafast saturable absorber action and support pulse formation down to the femtosecond regime in solid state lasers that have long gain relaxation times The gain bandwidth of solid state laser materials such as Ti Sapphire extends over gt 200nm and has the potential for supporting pulses of less than 10fs The pulse duration from these lasers is determined by critical interplay between intracavity self phase modulation in media and negative group delay dispersion Trestles 100 F4 femtosecond laser head contains the Ti Sapphire rod the optics that form the resonator cavity and CW 532 nm high power diode pumped solid state laser Del Mar Photonics guarantees that provided laser was tested and it is suitable for the Kerr lens mode locked operation On the one hand the laser installation without the help of the manufacturer requires some experience of the user in laser physics But on the other hand by working with our laser you will gain experience in ultrafast laser technology Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 2 LASER SAFETY Trestles 100 F4 and its pump laser are Class IV high power lasers whose beams are by definition safety and fire hazards Take precautions to prevent exposure to direct and reflected beams Diffuse as well as secular reflections cause severe skin or eye damage TRESTLES 10
19. tate laser Elements include pump beam mirrors laser rod focusing lens and mirrors an output coupler OC high reflector HR beam folding mirrors prisms as dispersion control elements and slit as spectral turning element Connections to the cover box include cooling water power and control from Electronics Module optionally Option The Electronics module enclosed with the laser consists of the pulse detection circuit and driver circuits for electromechanical starter All indicators and controls are located on the front and upper panel One cable connects it to cover box of laser the other is power cable BNC cable may be connected to customer s oscilloscope Pumping optimization For continuous wave CW pumping there is one basic requirement for lasing action the unsaturated round trip CW gain must exceed the round trip loss from all sources The CW gain is obtained by having a high inversion density and an adequate length of Ti Sapphire material The high inversion density comes from having a high pump intensity and high T13 ion concentration Losses in the T1 Sapphire laser come from losses in mirror coatings and polished surfaces and what is more important the residual loss in the Ti Sapphire material itself This loss 1s proportional to the rod length and varies with the Ti concentration generally increasing as the Ti concentration increases Unlike a dye laser the pump illumination in T1 Sapphire laser must be c
20. th any part of the body Establish a controlled access area for laser operation Limit to those trained in the principles of laser safety Trestles 100 F4 User Manual e Post prominent warning signs near the laser operation area Fig 1 VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT Fig 1 Standard safety warning sign e Provide enclosures for beam paths whenever possible e Set up shields for secular reflections e Set up an energy absorbing target to capture the laser beam preventing unnecessary reflections or scattering Be very careful while executing any step of the alignment Avoid any exposure to the direct and reflected laser beams Direct and reflected laser radiation from pump laser and Ti Sapphire laser can cause serious eye damage Remember that Ti Sapphire radiation is invisible or looks like as red radiation of small intensity However it is dangerous even at lowest intensity Intense incoherent luminescence is emitted from the T1 sapphire rod also We recommend using protective boxes covering all elements outside of the Ti Sapphire laser Follow the instructions listed in this manual for safe operation of your laser Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 3 Laser description General overview The TRESTLES 100 F4 laser head contains the T1 Sapphire rod optics that form the resonator cavity and CW 532 nm high power diode pumped solid s
21. ve area or low inertial power meter for fast control of relative output power in the process of alignment A power meter for control of output power value 4 If you didn t order the electronics module you need fast photodiode with 400 MHz oscilloscope to display the temporal structure of output radiation 5 Two polarizers we recommend polarization cubs or Glan laser prisms PC1 PC2 6 Interferometric autocorrelator for the measurement of pulse duration Time resolution should be better than 10 fs We recommend using Del Mar s Reef femtosecond autocorrelator that 1s completely compatible with Del Mar Photonics lasers 7 Spectrometer or diffractive grating operating near 800 nm for spectrum control 8 Infrared sensor card for observation of weak IR luminescence 9 We recommend using chiller to keep the T1 Sapphire rod and the pumping laser at a constant temperature for performance stability U9 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 5 INSTALLATION Unpacking your laser Your laser was packed with great care and all containers were inspected prior to shipment the laser left Del Mar Photonics in good condition Upon receipt of your laser immediately inspect the outside of the shipping containers If there s any major damage such as holes n the box or cracked wooden frame members insists on that a representative of the carrier should be present when you unpack the contents Carefully inspect your laser as you unpack it If
22. ws two on each side of the crystal mount e Remove the crystal with crystal holder 8 Open pump shutter 9 As you_can see there is a scratch passing under the elements from Pm2 to M2 direction Move the AA AA additional aperture so the mark on lower part aperture coincides with scratch on the table top 10 Direct the pump beam parallel to the scratch passing through the center of AA and Al aperture using mirrors Pml Pm2 17 Trestles 100 F4 User Manual 11 Install the focusing lens with a draw tube back to the lens mount 12 Place AA near M2 so the mark on the aperture holder coincides with scratch on the table top 13 Verify that the center of the beam spot on AA is still on the center of AA If the centers do not coincide in vertical plane then use the vertical lens adjusting screw to align the lens Some laser systems have lens holders without vertical aligning screw If so then loose but don t remove fixing screws Align the position of the lens and then fix the screws If the centers are not coinciding in horizontal plane then loose the screws that clamp the lens holding stage to the translation stage and move the lens holding stage in perpendicular to pump beam direction to align the lens and then fix the screws 14 Close the pump beam shutter 15 Install the MI mirror with the holder to its mount 16 Remove a beam stopper beyond M2 17 Insert_the PC2 in the pump beam beyond the M2 mirror mou

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