eqWave User Manual - Seismology Research Centre
Contents
1. If the original ground motion units are known the new window will show the vector sum in the original units as well as the other two related units In the example above the original green velocity trace has been summed and the vector sums of the estimated displacement and acceleration traces are also shown As you can see without some filtering the results of the derived peaks can contain transformation artefacts so filter your original triaxial waveform and then run the vector sum to see cleaner results As you can see below the peak linear velocity when viewing the triaxial channels is 1 10mm s but after the vector sum process the peak vector velocity is 1 14mm s 19 STA LTA As mentioned earlier the yellow line that appears on each channel is the STA LTA ratio which is how a recorder using STA LTA triggering will see the data STA stands for Short Term Average and LTA for Long Term Average This is the average Signal level over a short time period e g 2 seconds compared to the average signal level over a longer time period e g 20 seconds The ratio of the STA level to LTA level is plotted in yellow on the screen The scale of this plot is related to the trigger threshold ratio which is a level at which you would expect the seismic recorder to declare than an event is underway The trigger threshold is plotted at the zero level of the channel so the Y axis range is a ratio of zero to twice the threshold level2. In the example below the STA setting is 2 0 the LTA is 20 0 and the threshold is 3 0 As you can see before the earthquake the STA and LTA values are similar and the ratio of the average signals sits at around 1 but as soon as the earthquake hits the signal level in the STA window is many times larger than the average signal in the previous 20 seconds and the ratio shoots through the threshold At this point the recorder would declare a trigger and store the data away BOO STA LTA File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Ch A PIS ratio scale ALI AE 4x9 J PiS Other Mai Channels This feature is used to help you to understand the sensitivity of your recorder s trigger settings You can modify the STA LTA and threshold values in the Edit gt Settings menu item You can also define the frequency band of the signal that the STA and LTA windows are averaging to better tune your recorder to trigger on certain event types You can turn the STA LTA plot on and off by toggling Display gt Show STA LTA 20 Edit Menu 8086 Settings STA LTA Settings Setti n g S 1 0 10 0 3 0 1 0 to 10 0 Rec STA LTA Threshold Lo Freq Hi Freq Introduced in version 3 3 eqWave s settings Preset Filter Settings have been unified into a single screen This 2 0 to 30 0 includes the STA LTA settings the Preset Lo Freq High Freq Filter settings the Time Zone preference Time Zone Display Settings
3. a factor of 2 Use the Q or use the Page Down key to zoom out by a factor of 2 centred on the marker location Swipe zoom Timeline Instead of left clicking and dragging a marker line you can right click and drag to highlight an area of interest After releasing the click this area is left highlighted if you place your cursor over the highlighted section and left click or use the zoom in command you will zoom in to the highlighted area Using the zoom out command on a highlighted area will zoom out by a factor of 2 centred on the selection area Amplitude By default eqWave will set the amplitude scale for each channel separately to the peak displayed If you wish to manually scale the amplitude you can do so using the and w icons or the Up and Down arrow keys Each tap of the icon or key will zoom the amplitude up or down by a factor of 2 Revert To return to the original waveform display reverting to the entire time line and the full A amplitude scale use the icon or the Home shortcut key Scrolling the Timeline The timeline can be scrolled horizontally using the and 4 icons or the Left and Right arrow keys With each tap of the icon or key the timeline will step back or forward by 25 of the displayed zoom level 10 Using the Sync feature Older instruments did not use GPS and relied on internal clocks for timing Clock errors can be compensated for by time shifting data using the sync
4. feature Values from O to 30 seconds shift the data back in time and a sync of 30 to 60 seconds will shift data forward Picking Arrivals The main function of eqWave is to pick earthquake wave arrival times on the recordings to allow the determination of the location and magnitude of the earthquake using eqFocus The intricacies of recognising and picking wave arrivals will not be discussed here but we will cover the basics of picking P and S waves and estimating magnitudes To mark an arrival time click and drag the cursor to the point of interest and release then click on the P icon or hit the P key Similarly an S can be marked using the icon or S key ano eqWave V3 3 2009 03 06 0955 31 DROM dmx gz File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels RIA ME Se PS Other max 0 00 T 2009 03 06 0955 31 00 4 2 0 121 emis Magnitude 4 8 Lg i fr pA I epi o meaner AX HAAN ALN e itnnatinnoesniananananeaonanan enan D V A one 5 T ta i Distance Sikm ML4 3 ot Aral ivi a MAA A on ZSX DURO is 1 diaa A mm E SX Nos he ENANA A A A DROM laid is j UNA i A i i psisit ar 1561 57 131 00 0956 x scm ahr 9 03 06 0956 32 As soon as a P and S wave is marked eqWave uses the wave velocities from the settings and calculates a distance to the earthquake If the ground motion data is included in the data as it is for PC SUDS files but n
5. eqWave 3 SEISMIC WAVEFORM ANALYSIS 141 Palmer Street Richmond VIC 3121 Australia T 61 3 8420 8940 eqSupport src com au Table of Contents PISEORY cer a AL The Kelunji Seismic Record Lr coccccccccnccnocccononnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnanananas 1 Data EQ MAS e a 1 Installing CO WAVE az Java RUNIME EnvrOn Menta 2 ADplIcation INStalMe a a Ol 2 CG VWWaVe Widescreen here caonei een seats eneriecendeeaceseacerecres 2 What s New in eqWave 35 6 wns ccccccnnscscccnnesscccnneesceneeeesccnneessenuesssessuaeses D Fie Handlnd iria Opening and CIOSING Files ui as 4 Browsing FIUlGS wisestiesceidwecccnderestiicciveiaieseteowsidedsmiceniesicueiemieaeewsiaesinudeeteieiwiiseunieeebeins 4 LE APO Oo PE A 4 MEerFOINO FIS AAA E 5 Channels Men isaac O M rged PINGS a A i 6 Maximise and Minimise ChannelS occcccccccccnccnnccnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnns 6 Channel Informatio a 7 Screen Elements NOAA AAA AAA AAA Ann AAA Ren Ann AAA Rmn o 8 Controls Men iS ZOO MIN asii cc 10 POINE ZOOM FIMEN as aio 10 SWIDe sz00m TUMCUNG ei rs ion Hees 10 AMICS a A A a O 10 REVO rra Ia OEE 10 Scrolling the TIMENE isorosi a eaaa E a cance 10 Using the Syne feature riada 11 PICKING AEFIV ANS aia dl TAS P Wave A EE aE E aa 12 ENES WaVe e a a A a 12 Expected arrival UMES cid 13 Estimating MaGnituiGe iia 14 ONET AFTIVAIS is 15 Arrivals Menu cosa DISDIAY MIU ica LO ero COrrOCtlO Nooo ares
6. magenta and rotation orange and any unrecognised units are displayed in dark grey The boxes will disappear for these latter units as they cannot be transformed You will notice a yellow trace overlaid on your ground motion recording This is the simulated STA LTA ratio which shows you how a recorder s STA LTA trigger algorithm would see this data The settings of this simulated STA LTA ratio can be customised On the right hand end of each channel are the filter control boxes The 4 icon will filter the waveform using the Preset filter settings The 4 icon will filter the waveform using the Custom filter settings which can be typed in at the top right of the screen When a filter has been applied to a channel the pass band appears next to the filter buttons The Mi icon will clear the filter from the channel There is a bar at the bottom of the screen which can be dragged up to reveal the Fourier transform window which shows the frequency spectrum of the current channel selection 8 Controls Menu The control icons in the top left of the window are used to view the recordings in detail to add arrival information to the waveforms and to help process files Zoom in and Zoom in and out Scroll time Revert Open Next Prev file out of timeline amplitude scale left and right zoom when name includes Sort station order Arrival Set P Set other types of Set selection Time trait ors Arrivals peak amplitude correction tim
7. 13 Estimating Magnitude As previously mentioned if your waveform is displaying real ground motion units and a P and S wave arrival have been picked eqWave will automatically display the distance to the earthquake and the magnitude on the vertical channel under the filter buttons on each channel in blue A new AML arrival is stored for eqFocus which is the peak ground displacement above 2Hz in accordance with Richter s method for magnitude calculation When you have ann File Edie lt ontrols Display Arrivals Channels QO Pl Se multiple stations in A a a the same eqWave ne sas ps us window eqWave will had A A take the average of g 27 n m soma these magnitudes A HAN MN tnt eee ignoring outliers E nested NIMH pr cn eco coloured orange ial T e which is shown in red AU A ARTO above the Preset Filter display box If you are using an older version of eqFocus that requires MAX arrivals to be imported to calculate magnitude you still need to set the peak amplitude and the frequency On a vertical velocity channel either natural velocity or transformed from acceleration right click and swipe the area of peak motion which usually occurs after the S arrival for a few seconds Click the MAX control button or type M and eqWave will assign an arrival storing the peak amplitude value and the dominant frequency in the selection to be copied and pasted into eqFoc
8. and a new setting that allows custom P and a 10 0 hours 0 S wave velocities used to calculate E Custom Offset File Offset distance Distance Calculation STA LTA Settings 6 04 km s 3 59 km s P velocity S velocity As discussed in the previous section a user can modify the STA LTA settings to help tune OK Cancel a recorder s trigger routine After changing one of the five settings click the Apply button to see the effect on the yellow STA LTA ratio plot on the waveforms Preset Filter The next section discusses filtering You can set the frequency range of your preset filter in the eqWave Settings screen Signals above the High Frequency will be removed as will signal below the Low Frequency setting Once defined these values are displayed in the light blue box in the top right corner of the eqWave control panel Time Zone Display The Kelunji EchoPro can be set to use local time rather than UTC This is defined as a UTC Offset in the recorder and is used in the file names By default eqWave displays data in UTC time but you can choose to display data using the time offset in the file to see data plotted in Local Time Alternatively you can get eqWave to always display data with a Custom UTC Offset which can be entered on the Settings screen Distance Calculation Previous versions of eqWave used a fixed value to calculate the earthquake s distance from the station eqWave 3 3 introduces the ability to set a
9. bit later After saving eqWave will automatically open the next file in the folder 24 Text Table and CSV file format When you save your seismogram as a text file it will be in a format that can be easily read by any text or data processing program Text tables are tab separated values whereas CSV use commas for separating the values in the file CSV files are easily read using Excel It contains a header that describes the Arrivals contained in the a section that describes the time series data in the file followed by the raw data Any arrival information contained in the seismogram will be listed in the first section Each arrival will have its own column detailing the site name arrival type and time The next section describes the raw data one channel per column This includes the site name channel name the date and time of the first data point or sample and how many samples there are per second As you may have merged data of differing sample rates there may be a variable number of rows per column for a given time period The final row before the data points indicates the units of the data which could be metres m metres per second m s metres per second squared m s s etc The data is then displayed in these units one sample per row All data is saved with zero offset correction ROYM p 20090306 0955 54 400 0 100 sitename onset first motion phase year month day hour
10. each station eqWave can sort by distance from the closest station Simply set this sort preference by going to Display gt Sort by gt Distance from Closest Site and then press the Sort button to re order sites see image below left If you pick an earlier P time on a different station you will need to hit the Sort button again no OREA gt LA c SS i ech j cl f nl cm pc ll c 4 Staines NA L sadn TAAN Similarly you can choose to re sort channels by P arrival time so that the sites appear in order of distance from the earthquake Sites that have no P time picked will appear below those that do in alphabetical order If eqFocus is active sites with no P picked will be sorted using the expected P arrival time see image above right 18 Triaxial Group Vector Sum We are often using sensors that record in three dimensions usually set up in the north south east west and up down planes but sometimes they are aligned relative to a structure or event such as along a dam or pointing towards a blast The peak motion from the event will not necessarily be in one of these axes so to calculate the peak value we can apply a vector sum formula to the data Kelunji data is recorded in triaxial groups or you can manually group channels by modifying the channel information Simply click on a channel and select Display gt Triaxial Group Vector Sum and a new window is displayed one Ges
11. minute second uncertainty in seconds peak ampLitude frequency at P phase TIME SERIES ROYM c01 A unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 0000000 00000000 0 0000000 0 0000000 0 0000000 00000001 0 0000001 0 0000000 0 0000000 etc ROYM c02 A unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 00000006 0 0000000 0 0000000 00000006 0 0000000 0 0000000 0 0000000 0 0000000 0 0000000 ROYM c03 A unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 00000001 0 00000005 0 00000006 00000002 0 00000004 0 0000000 0 00000001 0 0000000 00000003 ROYM c04 B unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 0006574 0 0002623 0 00049667 0 0001947 0 0003767 0 0005482 0 00014834 0 00001837 0 00007556 25 ROYM c05 B unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 0007563 0 0006263 0 0002468 0 00039259 0 00039779 0 0003976 00029381 0 00016904 0 00036140 ROYM c06 B unnamed 20090306 0955 34 000 100 6100 0 000 0 00000194 0 00035027 0 0010950 0 0002216 0 0002216 Q 00016311 0 0000500 0 0006219 0 0001956 sitename component authority year month day hour minute second sampLes per second number of samples sync le 3 Save Screenshot Screenshot of a merged file from a laptop screen above and
12. response e g if you have a specific sensitivity for that sensor channel you can modify the displayed fields and click OK to save these channel settings The editable fields have been populated by the Kelunji recorder and changing these will change the raw data so it is advisable to only fill them in if data is missing Screen Elements Once you have opened a waveform file the data will be plotted in the main eqWave window Showing the full time line of available data The basic elements of the display will be described briefly below and expanded upon in later sections of the manual ano eqWave V3 3 2009 03 06 0955 31 DROM dmx gz File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels DO 4 gt Sort Magnitude 0 0 P S X Other MAX o ETN i PC SUDS 151 IX D t i 1 4 ql aa V i nf ly HT i pur Y a inal A ees A Ajo mn mana A s A SIX y ES A es Pore i Fl 4 we 3 y WENN REIS E oh den elo ol nonin pt A A tc rim IAS NONI NN BAM rs _ o J PETSI If a channel is recognised as having units in velocity the trace will be drawn in green If a channel is defined as acceleration the trace will be drawn in red and displacement in black A key is shown at the left end of the waveform marked as D V and A with a blue mark drawn next to the original units of the channel recording Clicking on the D V or A buttons will covert the waveform to these units Other recognised units are pressure
13. the Kelunji D series was introduced in the mid 1990s the SRC decided to adopt a global standard data format for our seismic recorders The SUDS Seismic Unified Data System was originally created at the U S Geological Survey and adopted for use in the IASPEI Seismological Software Library where it became known as PC SUDS It is a very flexible format which contains many fields for information relating to the raw data which has enabled our eqWave software to provide very useful information to Kelunji users For more information on SUDS visit http banfill net page_id 16 eqWave can also read MiniSEED SEG Y and GSE 2 0 format files Installing eqWave Java Runtime Environment eqWave is a Java application which means that the Java Runtime Environment JRE needs to be running on your Windows Mac or Linux computer You can install Java for free by web browsing to www java com and following the download prompts Mac users should also install the JDK from http www oracle com technetwork java javase downloads index html Application Installer The installation procedure differs for each computing platform The Windows version is supplied as an executable file the Mac version is a zipped OS X application file and the Linux version is simply the Java Archive jar file eqWave Window When eqWave starts up you will be presented with the window below which shows the basic waveform controls at top left and the filter co
14. the same 2 f n ami E CN e Although most computers have a screenshot feature eqWave preven ache a ON N pay A ip ti AD hod 7 m j oo allows you to save a PNG format image of just the data window i in en l q i excluding the control panel and window frame If you have many a i O ws channels in the scrolling window the screenshot will be very tall PRE RIS si EAS a a ia 77x a y A lanit a dt db A if A F X I A A _ tn AEN fay ny j an E eae estad aha Il EES y wee 23 gt oy tence a ERS i a gt Lucro TZE i A ana weer ron E TS i ubadili Tay A i wr E E AAA O ir nin 3 i aii E ZE Fl E AR IR he o d sea a en p i merged file saved as a screenshot in eqWave right Save Fourier You can also save the data displayed in the Fourier transform window to a text file Simply right click on a channel to display the frequency spectrum for the entire channel recording or right click and drag a portion of the data you wish to analyse and its frequency spectrum will appear in the Fourier window By selecting File gt Save Fourier the data that is being displayed in the Fourier transform window will be output in three columns the first showing the frequency point in Hz followed by the real and imaginary values of the spectrum the amplitude Print If you would like to print your waveform you can use the File gt Print o
15. to v Other 60 00 Sync Hz Custom Filter ico 10 0 PC SUDS 151 NAZAS AA 2012 06 19 1053 00 09 81 0 129 um s CAT a a 30 JENM Tran Up Properties 7 62mm s Comment ag Name JENM O P 32 63 Group Tran 24 5mm MOON Channel Up u Instrument SOH em ke P 33 97 Start Time 2012 06 19 1053 00 000 Battery Voltage 13 79V 21mn Total Storage 976Mb 1 2 D g KORUM Sync 60 0000 Storage Free 99 c03 A Temperature 12 C A P 36 56 Samples Per Sec 100 00 IP Address 0 0 0 0 31845 8 47mn D X Instrument Information TOMM Counts Per Volt 314572 7500 Sync Time 2012 06 19 1053 c03 V Time OK Unknown A ig Volts Per Unit 2000 0000000000 E leia 182188 Ea ane Sample Sec 100 762yn Counts Volts 314572 75 CDNM D lb Fiat Sale 1 000 Volts Unit 2000 0 UpT V Gain 1 0 a san A Units Velocity Motion Veloci P 43 50 Lat Long 38 PY 146 417 30684 Sensor A eee 886um s D Sensor B Unknow DROM STA LTA AENEAN UpT V Threshold 74 8 al Filter 4 00 to 18 08 hz P 47 55 463505 F 1 16mm s Peg E OK Cancel k 2012 06 19 1055 00 0 00 0 3 00 0 2012 06 19 105 This information includes the system response information that is used to calculate the ground motion units from the raw data some instrument state of health SOH information such as battery voltage and site information such as the latitude and longitude of the site If you need to modify the system
16. 2009 03 18 0527 59 KORUM dmx Thursday March 19 2009 9 24 AM system shortcuts usually Sh ift ab s Command h D series dmx gz Friday March 6 2009 8 57 PM Echo dmx gz riday March 6 5 i i qra Eia are 2000 6255 Fa or Option clicking and proceed using the Open File Format All Files button Cancel Open As long as all of the files are within a 24 hour time period they will be merged onto a common time line grouped by site code in alphabetical order 908 eqWave V3 2 File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels RJA LAA PS Other MAX 0 00 Syne 1 1641 35 00 12 0 012 sorna 1755 7 75pm s CERAM D Up 1 Vv A 4958 J5 8pm s cones D Up 1 V 381 n 0 0001 CONM y D Up A y A DRO EEES 03 Yy s er E ms PP Y viat baa E iio m a PS i d Ait debe tet eee er uf ti iui i Vey 11 HAU Y ERU ME Sian j T JENM Lip V A 1642 30 1643 2013 05 01 1643 01 0 Channels Menu Merged Files When you are displaying a merged file the site codes are listed in lower section of the channels menu By selecting a site from this menu you can view just this site in the eqWave window If you wish to return to viewing all sites use the Channels gt All menu command If you wish to view only the vertical channels to quickly pick arrivals from all of your sites use the Channels gt Vertical menu command This will show all vertical chann
17. ates aan azoe nae momineetatoutees 16 AMPTE GirOUDING Sarria Hines coadesmanennas nines ss 17 ACCION MUMS ca 17 POS SUS US eat hs ieee aa tthe E E eta ect aa cad 17 Show gt S min s P and STA TA 17 Channels OF lott tooo ro coi Eau 18 TraxialGroup Vector SUNT scores 19 SA AA ia 20 BOVE Me laos Selling S id aan 21 STA LE TA SOT OS cn a A in 21 A A 21 TM ZOMG DISPIAY oberia orp emuet ale ea arated ede Moe eam aae Mea aeaan Ged 21 Distance Calcula Osa airada 21 Clip visible to new WINGOW isis A A ee 22 Stack VISIBLE CO NEW WINGOW aiiaerirnian ci ica 22 FITO iii zz Preset and CUSTOM filters 2 A dos 22 Setting and Clearing filters rara lid 22 Automatic filters on unit converted dat ococcccoccnnocononnnna ro rn rr 23 File Meco niza EXPOFtINO Data ni A A A E 24 Save As file and name formatting sia 24 Text Table and CSy Me TOMAC eeen aN a 25 Save STEC SNO errre EEEE AAEE E E EAT EAE AAEE ios 26 SV FOUET ac er A eras 26 PRIDE Aa 26 History The Kelunji Seismic Recorder The Seismology Research Centre SRC was established in 1976 In the 1980s the SRC began developing digital seismic recorders starting with the Alpha and Beta tape based recorders later renamed Yerilla The first Kelunji was later referred to as the Classic which was followed by the D series Echo EchoPro and the current Kelunji Gecko Above the Kelunji EchoPro with LCD option amp Kelunji Gecko seismic recorders Data Formats When
18. ave to eqFocus and let it do the location and magnitude calcu lations for you You can customise earth models enter your own place names and station response information view earthquakes in Google Earth or Maps and more Map Coniroli Rouse Modes MAA k Seismology Research Centre 141 Palmer Street Richmond Victoria 3121 AUSTRALIA T 61 3 8420 8940 F 61 3 8420 8900 egSupport Wsrc com au Wwww src com au
19. customised P and S velocity to suit your local region This will affect the calculated distance and magnitudes 21 Clip visible to new window You may wish to create a new seismogram file with a subset of the data in the currently displayed eqWave data file You may wish to remove channels or restrict the time period so that you are only left with data relevant to your analysis requirements The Edit gt Clip visible to new window menu item also accessible using the L keyboard shortcut will open a new window that contains only the data that is visible in the vertically scrolling main window in eqWave This means that any channels that have been hidden using the minus button at the top of the Y axis will not be exported to the new file and only the data from the current timeline zoom level will be exported to the new file Filter settings will be carried across to the new window although they can be cleared so that the original raw data can be displayed Stack visible to new window Seismic recording equipment can be used in exploration applications as well as earthquake seismology It is not uncommon to record dozens of vertical geophones over a small area to improve the signal to noise ratio to better see events The method of stacking waveforms helps to reduce the random noise as it does not correlate from sensor to sensor whereas the event signals do correlate Filtering Preset 2 0 to 20 0 Hz eqWave can p
20. d arrival times 800 egFocus 4 0 reS 2013 05 01 1641 Corio Bay ML3 1 Rew 3 File Edit Tools Database Help MySQL sre watcher esands com mel Location Arrival Data FRE Uncertainties Model Magnitudes Comments Summary Finalize Wadati Plot Origin 2013 05 01 1641 49 017 Longitude 144 5035 Latitude 38 1173 Depth 11 07 Location Controls Depth Constraint None Stabiliz Factor 1000 Go SD of residuals 0 242 Local model VICSA Map Controls Mouse Modes Homar F Google Maps Google Earth If you are using eqFocus above sold separately to locate seismic events the expected P and S arrival times and PG and SG arrival times if appropriate for the event are superimposed on the waveforms in eqWave as light grey lines The expected arrival times are updated as eqFocus completes its calculations This can help users to see arrival times hidden in codas and background noise 200 eqWave V3 2 File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels QJa AE LAA P S Other MAX 60 00 Syne PC SUOS n Al ee _ eng 2 73 eS 77 0 A q e 12259 m i a a kokum g wou le A LT XX 1 55 io CORM UpT A a 5633 a 5 74 mps E 2 0 to 20 0 hz DA MLWM s A ae 553 32 gt Y YX ls Alda AA 7 an hala ee a ag o ara ae 3863 g 6 L4apm s D IENM Up A 1517 Ha LS tmp WILL 03 V A i 30 1642 30 1643 2013 05 01 1641 35 0 2013 05 01 1643 01 0
21. e and frequency Most of the buttons within eqWave have a corresponding keyboard shortcut which are Shown in the Controls menu Commonly used shortcut keys are shown below Clear filter A Display full timeline Add aP Arrival E from all channels forthe siteat and amplitude the time marker Clip displayed data to a new window amp file Filter all channels using Custom filter settings Zoom in to 50 of timeline or zoom selection Filter all channels using Preset filter settings Zoom out to 200 centred on click selection Sarna Add an S Arrival for the site at the time marker Zooms to 50 of displayed amplitude Set peak amplitude and frequency of selection for eqFocus Moves timeline forward Delete all Arrivals by 25 of displayed width Open next file in the Copy Arrivals to folder clipboard to paste into eqFocus Zooms to 200 Open previous file in of displayed amplitude the folder E Moves timeline back Blue key indicates Control or eine Key function Quick save amp open next file by 25 of displayed width Zooming All zoom commands are applied to all channels at the same time Point zoom Timeline Clicking and dragging your cursor over the waveform will show a red vertical marker bar Move to the area you want to zoom into and release the cursor click to leave a light grey marker line Click the 0 or use the Page Up shortcut key to zoom in to the marker time by
22. els for each site typically channels 3 6 9 and or 12 anno eqWave V3 3 Moe few sites dmx File Edit Controls Display Arrivals BA O 4 4 Channel Info 1 Magnitude 5 6 le e gt All e gt Y Vertical Pp S X Other CCRM CDNM CETH COTT DROM DTMM GOGM GOOG HOPM IVSM JENM 73yr KORUM i ee MLWM e O s TOMM TPND oH lt oHe lt off ns i cools A dd tc NN iio Distance 144km ML34 Up 1 Vig o o eli SA A i issum E y een A Aragi P lane 241 km MLS2 i a D EFA Zy X ter B em a a iN A AA Aina Distance 253km MLGO 1053 a at 1055 Maximise and Minimise Channels To view a channel full screen use the small icon at the top of the Y axis bar for that channel and then the icon to go back When all channels are shown use the icon to hide that channel from view To restore any hidden channels use the Channels menu to show All or Vertical channels or the channels of a specific site Channel Information Once you click on a channel it will be highlighted in yellow to show that information relates to this channel e g the frequency spectrum display or channel information display When you select Channels gt Info a window will pop up displaying extra information about this channel and the site File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels a a E E e MAX Magnitude 0 0 30 0 Hz Sort Preset Filter 20
23. erform a band pass filter on the each channel of PC SUDS 151 displayed data to show data between two defined frequencies Raw data is never modified only filtered for display purposes Preset and Custom filters A user will typically be interested in a particular frequency band so eqWave allows the definition of a Preset band pass filter eqWave also allows the user to set a variable frequency band filter by typing values into the dark blue Custom filter box located below the light blue box Type in the frequency range of the signals you wish to display Setting and Clearing filters To apply a filter to a channel simply click on the light blue or dark blue tick at the top right corner of the channel display area which will apply the Preset or Custom filter respectively Once a filter has been applied to a channel the pass band is written in text to the left of the light blue filter tick so that you are aware that the data displayed has been filtered 22 To clear the filter and return to the original channel data click on the red cross To apply the Preset Custom or Clear filter to all channels in the eqWave window you can select the relevant item in the Edit menu or the G H or J shortcut keys respectively In eqWave 3 3 these items no longer require the key to be used to improve review speed Automatic filters on unit converted data You may notice that when you convert from Acceleration to Velocity or Displace
24. gle largest amplitude in the file regardless of site code The exception to the scaling rule is channels that have been converted from their natural units usually velocity or acceleration to other units they will always scale individually Acceleration Units When displaying acceleration eqWave can display amplitude in g gravity or in m s metres per second squared This user preference is stored in your user profile Pressure Units When displaying pressure usually a recording from a microphone eqWave can display amplitude in Pa pascal or as SPL sound pressure level measured in dB This user preference is stored in your user profile Show S minus P and STA LTA As discussed earlier when you pick a P time and an S time eqWave displays the S P time on screen You can turn the Show S minus P feature on and off by selecting this item Similarly you can turn the Show STA LTA feature on and off in the next menu item 17 Channel Sorting By default eqWave will sort the displayed channels by Sitecode in alphabetical order BOO eqWave V3 3 Moe few sites dmx File Edit Controls Display Arrivals Channels ala pe ss gt A on Magnitude 5 5 PS Other Y 2012 06 19 1053 00 00 0 7795 0 011 uns m a E ae _ nto lt Zr X ly Jl ad me If you have picked at least one P arrival the site with earliest P time is considered the closest station to the earthquake and using the embedded lat long of
25. gnal offset which can be due to the sensor not being perfectly level or the sensor components requiring some sort of electronic adjustment Regardless of the cause the display of offset data can be handled by eqWave in various ways The raw data is never modified only the way it is displayed Each channel is corrected individually T a An example of data dit Controls Display Arriva Channels as AD PS mn eo 15 om EE co EMM ve with zero offset correction top and without zero offset correction bottom is shown at left l red bl lh i in A ee a O The offset correction can be based on the zero offset of the visible data Displayed or based on the zero pe e offset of the entire A channel All PS Ome MAX AE Please note that the amplitude shown at the Y axis is the peak raw value and without zero offset correction enabled the motion units may lack relevance 16 Amplitude Grouping To maximise the detail of the displayed data eqWave will scale the amplitude of each channel to fill the vertical space allowed for each channel which means each channel will have an Individual peak amplitude scale on the Y axis You can choose to group the amplitudes by Site which will scale all channels with the same site code to the largest channel amplitude based on the raw data amplitude not ground motion Alternatively you can group All channels to the sin
26. i pa X 2007 03 08 0234 22 5800 CDNM MAX 9107 5 10 Hz Ue 3 iB CDNM V al BZ 1 10mm Is D CDNM North T V A 13360 386pm s D CDNM UpT V A 7000 0 00219 D CDNM East A V ANA iN pa A 10418 0 00319 D CDNM North A V A 5139 Distance 31km ML ni Y YX 0 00159 D CDNM UpA An paT EAA AAA a a a fe tly ie raar hna yA A A AA A a i ATA A hE raa a aAA AE A ltt AA r e i An A 3h 0234 2007 03 08 0234 30 1 2007 03 08 0233 59 6 If you wish to remove an Arrival from the list click the red X next to the Arrival and its marker will disappear from the main window Be aware that this action cannot be undone Use C or select the top item in the Arrivals menu to copy the list of arrivals to the clipboard which can be pasted into eqFocus sold separately for more accurate earthquake location and magnitude determination Use D or the second item in the Arrivals menu to clear all arrivals from the window 15 spla Display Menu laa Arrivals Channel Zero Correction Amplitude Grouping The Display menu is used to modify the way the waveform Acceleration Units Pressure Units data or on screen elements are displayed Version information PR a CAEP about eqWave is in the Display gt About item Show STA LTA Sort by g Triaxial Group Vector Sum Zero Correction About When a sensor is plugged into a recorder it will almost always have some level of si
27. ment and when you convert from Velocity to Displacement that the unit converted data has been filtered to drop 5 or 10 of the frequency band from either end of the spectrum This is done to make the data appear more readable because the unit conversion process in this direction introduces very low frequency and very high frequency artefacts which can be seen in the Fourier transform display demonstrated in the images below You can change or clear these filters after conversion to suit your analysis requirements 3347 Ha 0 00189 D ROYM V c06 A 0956 30 2009 03 06 0955 34 0 2009 03 06 0956 35 YYX rome ROYM c06 2009 03 06 0955 34 0 to 2009 03 06 0956 35 0 12 17Hz Above original unfiltered acceleration data and frequency spectrum ane She SEs lt PS s oe RN Pia Above acceleration converted to displacement auto filtered left and unfiltered right 23 File Menu The open close and merging features of this menu have been discussed earlier The remaining items in this menu are discussed below Exporting Data Once you have merged clipped or modified your seismogram file you can save it using the File gt Save command or S This will overwrite the file whose name is displayed in the title bar or the eqWave window Save As file and name formatting If you do not wish to overwrite the file you can use File gt Save As or T to save your data to a new file In
28. n open another file by dragging it onto the eqWave window or using the Open command again but this will open the file in a new eqWave window If you don t want to open a new eqWave window use the File gt Close amp Open menu item 38 E instead of the Open command Browsing Files Once you have opened a file you can quickly scan through other waveform files in the same directory using the File gt Next N and File gt Back B menu commands These waveforms will open in the same eqWave window replacing the previous file To quickly save a file to your last Save As folder for later review use the File gt Auto Save Y command eqWave will automatically advance to the next file after saving File Filter The File Filter field in the Basic Controls area is linked to the file browsing tool If any characters have been typed into this field when you use the Next or Back commands only files that contain those characters in the filename will be opened For example if you have a folder full of triggered data from dozens of different stations but you are only interested in viewing files that have the site code ECHOP in the name by typing ECHOP in the File Filter field and using the NEXT command the next file that has ECHOP in the filename will open As files created by Kelunji recorders are named in a standard format that includes the date time and station code e g YYYY MM DD_HHMM_SS_ lt code gt dmx in the EchoPr
29. ntrols at top right The main area is where the waveforms will appear and below this is a pull up drawer that reveals the frequency spectrum display window eee File Edit Controls Display Arrival AGNE i Se we P 5 Omer MAX 0 00 What s New in eqWave 3 6 e Display the Vector Sum of a group of three channels e Read in SEG Y format data files e Add waveform traces noise reduction from multi node recording e Delete all and sort Arrivals list e Added CSV format to file export options e Open or drag and drop folders to create merged waveforms For further information on this and other software products contact us via www src com au File Handling Opening and Closing Files You can drag a file from your desktop file browser onto the eqWave window and the file will open eqWave will open files from a Kelunji that are stored normally dmx file extension or in Gzip compressed format dmx gz file extension There is no need to expand the Gzip file using a 3 party application before using it in eqWave Note where you see this symbol in the documentation it represents the Control key on Windows and Linux or the Command key on a Mac Alternatively you can use the File gt Open menu item 3 O to browse your computer file system for your file To close the file and go back to an empty eqWave window use the system window close button File gt Close menu item or W When you have a file open you ca
30. o you could potentially filter your file browsing by a certain month day or hour Merging Files eqWave can merge up to 24 hours of data from many stations into a single file Kelunji seismic recorders storing continuous data do so in one minute data files so it is possible that an earthquake recording will straddle two or more files To make analysis easier you can merge these files together on screen and then save the merged file to your computer The quickest way to merge files is to have all of the files you want to merge in a single folder and drag the folder into the eqWave window All waveform files in this folder and sub folders will be merged and displayed in a new eqWave window Alternatively drag a waveform file onto eqWave 86006 Open E Korumburra recordings and then use the File gt Merge command which Name A Date Modified will take you to your default Save As folder H 2009 03 06 0955 31 DROM dmx gz Friday March 6 2009 8 58 PM 2 gz Friday March 6 2009 8 59 PM In this file browser window select all of the files H 2009 03 06 0955 52 CCRM dmx gz__ Friday March 6 2009 8 58 PM 2009 03 06 0955 54 DTMM dmx Friday March 6 2009 8 58 PM Hi 2009 03 06 0955 58 MIKA dmx gz Friday March 6 2009 9 01 PM you wish to merge using your multi select file 2009 03 06 0956 02 HOPM dmx gz Friday March 6 2009 9 01 PM 2009 03 06 0956 03 FRTM dmx gz Friday March 6 2009 8 57 PM E
31. ot in MiniSEED eqWave will calculate the peak displacement on the vertical channel and then produce a local Richter magnitude estimate 11 The P wave The first earthquake energy wave to arrive at a seismograph is the P or Primary wave As such they are generally easy to pick as there is usually a clear difference between the background noise and the earthquake arrival The P wave is usually most obvious on the vertical channel of a sensor as it is pulsating in the direction of travel up to the surface As you can see from the screenshot above the first vertical marker appears to be before the first arrival but by zooming in we can see the P much more clearly Ll The S wave The next major earthquake energy wave to arrive at a seismograph is the S or Secondary wave It is also known as the Shear wave as it is oscillating perpendicular to its direction of travel i e it is shaking horizontally when it reaches the surface This is the wave that often does the most damage during an earthquake due to this horizontal shaking and the larger amplitude The S wave also usually has a lower frequency than the P wave Due to its motion S waves are usually more obvious on horizontal channels but as the S wave arrives in the coda of the P wave it is often difficult to determine a clear arrival time Look for a point that correlates across the horizontal channels that features a drop in frequency and increase in amplitude Expecte
32. r 3 P command It will print effectively the same information as the eqWave screenshot except that it will print up to 9 channels per page to the maximum scale to fill the page Close and Quit Close the eqWave window using File gt Close or W to return to an empty eqWave window Use this command again or File gt Quit or Q at any time to quit eqWave 26 Other SRC Software Products Quick Quake for iPad eqServer is the ultimate earthquake data management tool With a completely web based user interface you can easily view the state of health of your network stations view realtime data review old data from all stations by hour or per station by day extract waveform and event data and generate automatic earthquake alert bulletins Quick Quake is the SRC s free iPad app that can access eqServer earthquake alert bulletins and allows users to manually locate earthquakes using a totally new and extremely simple method Download it today for free from the iPad App Store and use the demo data to see how easy it is eqFocus afocus 4 1 2012 06 19 1053 Mos MLSE Ray 1 pa File Edit Tools Database Help Default database Location rival pata PETE uncerainties Model Magnitudes Comments Summary Finalize Wadati Pior POOG 29 171 a Longitude 146 2698 eqFocus is the perfect partner to eqWave Ta E With data from three or more seismograph stations you can pass arrival times and amplitudes from eqW
33. the Save dialog box that pops up there are control options for naming the file The SRC filename format follows the form YYYY MM DD hhmm ss SITE If you are saving a Merged file the SITE code in the file name will be one of the channels from the recording depending on the order in which they were merged by the system If you decide to use the GA filename format the file will be named in the form SITEYYDDD_hhmmss where YY is the last two digits of the year e g 13 for 2013 and DDD is the day number of the year i e 001 to 366 By default eqWave will save files in PC SUDS 151 format file extension dmx An alternate file export option is to save the file in a text based format whose columns are tab delimited so that it can be viewed in a text table in a text editor or spread sheet The formatting of this file is described in the following section Click on the radio button next to the file format to select it either PC SUDS or text file format The new JSON data format is a new data format that is used by the SRC s Quick Quake iPad app Your Save As preferences are remembered by eqWave so please check before saving The new Auto Save feature uses a Y keyboard shortcut to allow a copy of a seismogram to be quickly saved to the last used Save As folder This is useful when you are reviewing a folder full of seismograms using the N and B shortcuts and you come across a file that you would like to review in detail a
34. us Distances are calculated from P and S wave velocities which vary around the world The default values are typical of southeast Australia These values can be customised in eqWave settings so that distance and magnitude calculations are more accurate for your region 14 Other Arrivals A drop down list is available in the Basic Controls area that shows some other common arrival types including PN PG SN and SG waves and other magnitude amplitude arrival definitions You can enter any custom arrival type you require in the drop down text field and click Other to set the arrival at the current marker position Arrivals Menu Whenever you define an arrival e g P or S time MAX or AML peak this data is placed in the Arrivals menu For each Phase arrival type the Time and Site code are shown the latter required because eqWave can store arrivals from many sites in the same file You can sort this list by clicking on the Time Site or Phase headings 2 Tue 2 48 53pm 2 Q 0 0 eqWave V3 6 Quake Echo Seis 4 Acc dmx File Edit Controls Display MUELA Channels BIO f d q Copy Arrivals C Magnitude 3 5 S N g k es Delete All Arrivals ED Time Site Phase Preset Filter 2 000 to 30 000 Hz PS X 2007 03 08 0234 18 5462 CDNM P X 2007 03 08 0234 18 5462 CDNM AML 0 007601968 Custom Filter 10 000 to 20 000 Hz CONM Up T_ 2007 03 08 0234 21 51 to 200 X 12007 03 08 0234 21 9950 CDNM 5 i E PC SUDS 151 East T
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