Type 3.2 font editor - CR8 Software Solutions
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1. 233 1 Visually transform using mouse control Left click at the origin for the transformation move the mouse until the selected points are in the correct position then release the mouse button Rotate degrees od 2 Precise keyboard input Cancel Right click at the origin then enter the exact parameters In both cases the origin will be marked by a yellow cross e Only selected points or selected contours for the stroke tool will be altered e If no points are selected then the whole glyph will be transformed e There is a limit to how much a composite glyphs can be transformed and the stroke tool cannot be used on composite glyphs use the decompose button first e After using the stroke tool the glyph will be converted to PostScript curves No origin is required for the stroke tool so it does not matter where you click The Tool box continued Drawing Lines and Shapes Lines rectangles and ellipses or circles are easy to draw by using the line tool the rectangle tool and the ellipse tool Click on the start position and release the mouse button at the end position e Ifa line starts at the end of a contour it will be joined to that contour and if it ends at the beginning of a contour the contour will close The Touch up Tools The touch up tools are one off operations performed on a group or SF I groups of selected points or nodes The current tool can be changed by right clicking on t2. Make sure enable row resizing is checked in preferences 2 Select a row in the mapping window highlighted blue 3 Widen the character space by clicking and dragging where the text margin is located 4 Increase the height of the character spacing by dragging the base of the highlighted cell Symbol Fonts A symbol font is a special type of font normally containing pictorial type glyphs Symbol font glyphs are mapped to unicode F020 to FOFF corresponding to ASCII characters 20 to FF To create a symbol font map glyphs to the characters in the Symbol Character Set Code Page and set to active NOTE Setting the Symbol Character Set to active will overide any other active Code Pages and only characters F020 FOFF will be mapped in the output font Glyph Data gfs Files Type 3 2 supports it s own font data file gfs A gfs file can contain a range of glyphs a partial font file or the entire font including all supporting tables and information complete font file Saving Everything as a gfs Font You can use save gfs data from the file menu to save everything as gfs font The entire font will be saved including mapping metrics composites kerning and other tables This file can be re opened at a later time using open gfs data from the file menu This is the best way to save a font during development and as a backup especially with very large fonts e Keep a working copy of your entire font in gfs format
3. languagesystem latn dflt feature onum sub zero by zero os sub one by one os sub two by two os onum feature onum pos three lt 0 200 0 0 gt pos four lt 0 200 0 0 gt pos five lt 0 200 0 0 gt pos seven lt 0 200 0 0 gt pos nine lt 0 200 0 0 gt onum Substitution glyphs are used to replace 1 2 and 3 with characters that are lowercase height but position adjustments are used to lower the 3 4 5 7 and 9 characters to the x height The actual value of y adjustment used will depend on the font s metrics and design in this case a y adjustment value of 200 is used This is for example in practice you could use substitution glyphs for all characters if you also wanted different shapes for the dropped characters Xx 0123456789 oldstyle figures X s for size comparison 39 Appendix VII continued GDEF Glyph Definition Table You can classify certain glyphs so that certain features will not be applied to them This glyph classification is stored in a GDEF table Allowed classifications are baseglyphs ligatures marks and components For example in the ligature fea this differs from Adobe syntax gdef baseglyphs default ligatures f f i f f 1 fif 1 ligatures f f fj fb f_h f k gdef classifies the listed glyphs as ligatures and all others as baseglyphs You may have a feature eg small capitals that you don t want applied to ligatures Use the command ignore ligatures as
4. For an ordinary Latin font name information would normally only entered for English US and Macintosh Roman languages these two must always be present Font names Family name l English US 1 Sub family MonyoxupHeii English US 2 Full name Verdana NonyxnpHoi J English US 4 Copyright J English US 10 Advanced v Norwegian Bokmal F Norwegian Nynorsk v Polish v Portuguese Brazilian v Portuguese Standard Romanian v Slovak v Slovenian Spanish Traditional Sort v Spanish Mexico x Spanish Modern Sort v Swedish Name strings support unicode so you can paste unicode characters into the naming window input boxes Most non Latin fonts actually only have enteries for English US and Macintosh Roman Font Parameters continued Font Metrics Use metrics from the font menu to set your font s metrics These parameters are certain measurements specific to your font Some of these are self explanatory like underline thickness and italic angle The most important ones to understand are EM Unit size Usually set to 2048 TrueType or OpenType TT or 1000 OpenType PS This is used to calculate the point size when the font is displayed WinAscent top anything above this may be clipped WinDescent bottom anything below this may be clipped Caps height uppercase character height x height lowercase character height height of a lowe
5. This is a list of kerning pairs that Type 3 2 will add when using add standard kerning pairs from the kerning window AC Ju TA W ew o ya AG J TO W ex py ye AO J Ta YA ey p yo AQ KO Te YO e p y AT Ke Th YS e ra y AU Ko Ti Ya fa rc ze AV Ku To Ye fe rd zo AW Ky Tr Yi ff re space AY LT Tu Yo fi rg space Ap LV Tw Yu f ri ae Au LW Ty Y fo rk a Av LY T Y fl rl 7 Aw Ly T Y f rm D Ay L T Nog f rn Space A L T Y f ro A A NA T ab f rp a BA N UA ag ga rq ie AU N U ap ge rr A B OA VA at gg rs space B OT VG av gi rt a CA OV VO aw go ru a C OW Va a gr rv d C OX Ve b b gy ry a DA OY Vi b g r ir DV O Vo b u g r tS D W O Vu bv hy r t DY PA V by iv r v D Pa V b ke r space D Pe V b ko sw space FA Po V ch ky S space A Fa P V ck lw s space T Fe P WA cl ly va space V Fi QU WO cy mu ve space W Fo Q Wa Ci my vo space Y Fr Q We nu v space F RO Wh dd nv v F RT Wi dv ny wa G RU Wo dw og we G RV W u dy ov wh JA RW Wy eb ow wo Ja Ry W eg ox w Je S W ep oy w Jo S W ev o xe Based on appendix D of Adobe Technical Note 5091 35 Appendix VI Action Command Reference Action scripts are text files atn contained in the My Documents Type3files actions folder and consist of a series of commands entered by the user Use edit actions from the global menu to create and edit Action fil
6. a TrueType curve Because of these limits the controls may not behave as you may expect when editing TrueType curves in this mode nodes other than the one you are moving may also move for example The Toolbox The toolbox contains the tools that you will need for creating and drawing glyphs Select tool F1 Pen F2 Using different tools you can move points and contours draw and manipulate lines and curves create shapes and measure Straight corner Corner curve F3 Smooth curve F4 H On cu F5 Off curve F6 distances ee Freehand F7 Knife F8 Glue Shift F1 Line Shift F2 The keyboard shortcut keys for the Toolbox are the function keys F1 F10 Rectangle Shift F3 Ellipse Shift F4 Ruler Shift F5 Rotate Shift F6 ROSNN lt g Stretch Shift F7 Skew Shift F8 2 Touch up Shift F9 Stroke Shift F10 REALDA co The Select Tool You can use the select tool to highlight and move points around Drag a rectangle over points or nodes to select multiple points Pressing shift at the same time allows you to select more points either by drawing another rectangle or by clicking on individual points Pressing ctrl at the same time as selecting points will select the entire contour le Multiple point selection allows you to move many points k move one of the selected squares to move all of them or use the cursor keys perform transformations see below and allow
7. bar will appear on the right side of the screen Right click on this bar to add edit and delete alignment zones and to set stem values e The first alignment zone added must be the baseline zone e Zones cannot overlap e Up to six zones above and five zones below the baseline zone are allowed 25 Hinting continued Auto Hinting The Adobe Font Development Kit for OpenType AFDKO includes an auto hinter that works with OpenType PostScript fonts The AFDKO is a free download available here www adobe com devnet opentype afdko It is a command line tool which can be used in it s simplest form with the command autohint a myfont otf Global hinting alignment zones and stem widths see above need to be added to the font before the auto hinter can be run Enter at least one horizontal and one vertical stem width the standard stem widths ttfautohint is a project based on the FreeType font library for auto hinting TrueType fonts A free windows GUI or command line version can be downloaded here www freetype org ttfautohint download Gasp Grayscale Hinting Gasp hinting allows you to specify the rasterization technique for a TrueType font when it is rendered on grayscale capable devices at different sizes A typical Gasp table could be Font size Rasterization technique ppem lt 8 grayscale only 9 lt ppem lt 19 gridfit only 20 lt ppem gridfit and grayscale Select gasp hinting from the font menu
8. has already asked your question For free support post your private query here http cr8software net support html or send an email to support cr8software net Updates Free updates are issued from time to time with minor feature additions improvements and bug fixes The most current version number is always displayed on the Type 3 2 web page http cr8software net type html To obtain an update reinstall the software using the download link that you received with your original purchase You will not normally have to re enter your registration details NEW ile ELOLA E Type 3 2 ACaslonPro Bolditalic ak File Edit View Font Glyph Contour _ Point Global Help BADEA gal a gt 2 PPARA 0 1200 1252 Latin 1 Re Map Unmap Edt V active Character 80 R Unicode 0050 P Glyph 50 Character 81 p Unicode 0051 E a Toolbox Ha OAN DR KELDA a Glyph 52 Character 83 S Unicode 0053 s Glyph 53 Character 84 Unicode 0054 T a Glyph 51 PS Select Progress Glyph number Status Current tool Mapping window Navigate around the edit window main display area by using m the scroll bars or by right clicking on a clear area to grab and drag the window Zoom in and out using the magnify and reduce buttons P P the key and key or the mouse scroll wheel The magenta p1 and gre
9. is displayed at a small point size on a low resolution device eg a screen several distortions can occur This happens because there are not enough pixels to accurately represent the rasterized font Adjustments called hints can improve the appearance of the font at low resolutions Hints can either be global apply to all glyphs within the font or can apply to individual glyphs The current build of Type 3 2 supports global hinting of PostScript fonts only PostScript fonts can also be auto hinted automatic glyph level hinting with the Adobe auto hinter see below Abcdefghijkimmoparstiiyweyz No hinting Abcdefghijkimnopgrstuvwxyz Global hinting only Abedefghijklmnoparstuvwxyz Global hinting and glyph level auto hinting magnified Alignment Zones Horizontal Stem width Applying global hinting to a PostScript font involves adding alignment zones or BlueValues and setting the values of the stem widths Alignment zones are zones that you want to keep at the same height when the resolution gets very small These will be at the baseline and typically at the top of uppercase and lowercase characters In the example below curved uppercase i characters eg O extend slightly higher and l lower than straight uppercase characters eg Vertical Stem width T So zones shown in blue are set at the upper and lower limits To display alignment zones select alignment zones from the font menu A gray vertical
10. made of points either off curve dark blue dot light blue dot when selected or on curve white circle light blue square when selected The gray arrow between point one and point two on each contour indicates the contour direction see Appendix II regarding correct contour direction Point one must always be an on curve point es Using on curve and off curve points is the correct ie a representation of a TrueType glyph but it is not necessarily the easiest way to design glyphs Off curve points On curve points Nodes View Select nodes from the view menu Another way to represent a glyph is by using nodes white circle light blue square when selected which are always on curve and control points light blue dot which are always off curve The light blue line between the control point and the node is at tangent to the curve Move the position of the control points to change the shape of the curve Corner curve Smooth curve Symmetric curve Straight corner Corner curves have control points that can be moved independantly unlinked Smooth and symmetric curves have linked contol points that are always in line with the node Straight lines do not have any control points Use the point menu or right click to change the type of curve Other font editors only allow this type of editing with PostScript curves Type 3 2 also allows you to edit TrueType curves in this manner but limits are imposed to restrict the outline to
11. then export your final font to ttf or otf when required Copying Glyphs Between Fonts You can use save gfs data from the file menu to save a range of glyphs to a gfs file You can then add these glyphs to another font using the add gfs data option The glyphs will be added at the end of the working font e When adding glyphs from a partial font file composite glyphs and mapping information will not be transferred The add gfs data open gfs data option works as follows e Ifa font is open then Type 3 2 will append a partial font file to the end of your font e If there is no font currently open then Type 3 2 will allow you to open a complete font file Transferring Glyphs from an External Font External fonts that have been loaded into the mapping window for viewing see previous section can be transferred to the working font Mapping can also be transferred The options are copy to clipboard The first selected glyph will be copied to the clipboard transfer The range of glyphs selected will be added to the end of the working font transfer and map Glyphs will be transferred and mapped If the working font has a glyph already mapped to the same character then that glyph will be replaced with a glyph from the external font otherwise the transferred glyphs will be added to the end of the working font transfer and merge Same as transfer and map but existing glyphs are merged not replaced An action script may be re
12. Enter 8 in the max ppem box select grayscale in the smoothing selection then press add Enter 19 in the max ppem box select gridfit in the smoothing selection then press add Enter 65535 in the max ppem box select grayscale amp gridfit in the smoothing selection then press add always enter 65535 as the max ppem for the last entry ppem pixels per em Em for a 72 point font is 1 inch 1pt 1 72th inch So a 72pt font rendered on a 96 dpi dots per inch monitor is 96 ppem So it follows that 8 ppem would be 6pt on a 96 dpi monitor Note for your computer must also have font smoothing activated for grayscale rendering Gridfit means use TrueType hinting instructions they must be present in the font 26 OpenType Features OpenType Layout Features Some applications allow you to turn on an off advanced typographic features such as ligatures small caps and old style figures by applying formatting to the text The features must be contained in the font as OpenType layout features See below for a list of applications that support this type of text formatting OpenType feature support in Type 3 2 is not comprehensive but supports some of the most common features types Several OpenType feature files are installed with Type 3 2 and others can be written by the user The syntax of Type 3 2 feature files feax is similar in form Adobe OpenType feature files fea but with a reduced set of commands and some other synta
13. Unicode Scripts a range of unicode values i 3 Glyph List all mapped and unmapped glyphs or the glyphs contained in an external font Glyph 0 Character 36 Use range select to select which characters are displayed Unicode 0024 and the range active box to indicate which ranges are Unmapped used in your font To make a Western character set font Character a 37 characters for example select the 1252 Latin 1 page range and pament map glyphs to these characters then check the range Cipro os active box Unicode 0026 ampersand Mapping Glyphs Modes 1 and 2 allow glyphs to be mapped to unicode characters uni0000 to uniFFFF If the new glyph button was used to create the glyph then it will need to be mapped To map the current glyph the glyph in the edit window to a character select the character in the mapping window it will become highlighted blue then press the map button A single glyph is normally mapped to a single character but may be mapped to multiple characters Multiple glyphs can be mapped to multiple characters in one operation Select the first character to be mapped then while pressing shift or ctrl select the last character The whole range of characters will be highlighted blue If for example glyph 10 is the current glyph then it will be mapped to the first character glyph 11 will be mapped to the second character etc when the map button is pressed Modes 3 glyph list allow gl
14. Use right click copy glyph from the mapping window glyph list mode only to copy the selected glyph to the clipboard e Use copy from the edit menu to copy only the selected points to the clipboard e When the destination glyph is in the Glyph Window use paste from the edit menu When copying glyphs into a blank glyph a composite glyph will be created Press the decompose button if you don t want this e The paste metrics option from the edit menu pastes only the Left Side Bearing and Advance Width from the clipboard Automatic Composite Glyph Creation The composite glyph wizard can be used to generate characters with diacritics eg accented Latin characters There are three in built ranges of glyphs that can be generated and more can be user defined See Appendix VIII for details The in built ranges are e ANSI generates accented characters present in the 1252 Latin 1 codepage e All Latin creates accented characters present in the Latin Unicode unicode script 0000 024F e Greek Extended generates all characters in the Greek Extended unicode script 1F00 1FFF To use the composite wizard 1 Make sure you have all of the components present Press the details button for details For the Latin ranges the uppercase letters lowercase letters and modifiers contained in the Page Range called modifiers auto are required 2 Use composite wizard from the glyph menu to create the glyphs and mapping The Greek Extended
15. d many of the fonts in use today were first designed hundreds of years ago Garamond typeface for example was created in the 1500 s by a gentleman by the name of Claude Garamond Back then fonts were cut into steel today you have the convenience and ease of modern computer software Type 3 2 has been designed to make it relatively easy for a beginner to get started making fonts without having to worry about complexities This version for example integrates an autotracing feature see page 21 making it easy to create fonts from scanned images and graphics Advanced features are available if required kerning automated action scripts hinting and OpenType features If you are a graphic artist then you should also find that the drawing tools are not too dissimilar from those found in the likes of Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW This manual is intended to be an instruction manual for Type 3 2 rather than a tutorial or introduction to font design If you are new to making fonts then recommend that you read Appendix II amp IIl of this manual first and also check out the links below Allan Murray Senior Developer CR8 Software Solutions For more information Visit http er8software net truetype html for tutorials articles and links about making fonts general as well as specialised Type 3 2 articles There is a public discussion forum here http er8 proboards com where you can post questions or suggestions or just to see if someone
16. d points reverse direction of all or selected contours convert glyph to TrueType curves after running action decompose glyph Default output of an Action is a PostScript glyph Use truetype command to convert to TrueType The decompose command is redundant because glyphs are decomposed before running any action 37 Appendix VII OpenType Feature File Reference Type 3 2 OpenType feature files feax are located in the My Documents Type3files opentype folder Select OpenType features from the font menu then press view files to open this folder Files can be edited using Windows notepad double clicking on the file will open it in notepad A simple example is slashed zero feax languagesystem DFLT dflt languagesystem latn dflt feature zero sub zero by zero slashed zero In the above example when the feature tag called zero is activated the zero character will be replaced by the glyph named zero slashed zero with a slash through it This feature applies for the specified script latn latin and language dflt default Using languagesystem DFLT df1t as the first entry recommended also means that the feature will apply if no language script match is found Each feax file can contain more than one feature block feature lt tag gt see mixing lookup types below but each block must be for the same feature tag this differs from Adobe feature files Lookup Types Type 3 2 supports the
17. difier will be placed at the Top Left of the base glyph Allowed positioning flags are shown here If no TOEI tee 9R flag is specified then the default position is ML TR xc oc Over Centre rot ca Also allowed are ZL and ZR which simply x places the modifier glyph to the left or right of the 2s ii base glyph without adjusting its vertical position UL UC UR The distance between the modifier and the extremes of the base glyph is set by a variable called GAP Except for xc where it is the distance between the modifier and the x height The value of GAP can be set and changed at any time using the SET command see Appendix VI SET is the only Action command that can be used in a cwz file In the Greek Extended example the first command is SET FO CAPS 10 This sets the user variable FO to one tenth the Caps Height Later in the script there are commands that change the value of the GaP variable before generating other composites SET GAP FO SET GAP 2 FO SET GAP 0 In some cases an existing glyph may need to be mapped to another unicode character 1FEF 0300 The glyph mapped to unicode 0300 will now also be mapped to unicode 1FEF If you want gylphs to be decomposed as they are created the commands DECOMPOSE ON and DECOMPOSE OFF can be used In the Greek Extended example modifiers are decomposed Lines of text that start with the character are comments and will be displayed when the user presses t
18. dix V The pair s will be added with in no initial kerning with kerning Click on a pair to alter the kerning a positive value means the characters are further apart negative is closer together If you right click in the edit window then you can grab the right hand character ev to drag it into position Before you save your font make sure you select kerning in font options see Appendix You can also save kerning as an OpenType feature recommended See the section OpenType features f gt I Current glyph e A shortcut when adding a kerning pair double click on a character A ES in the mapping window for the left hand glyph then single click Ucode left 0041 on a character for the right hand glyph Now press the add ee button and the correct unicode values will be set Glyphs 24 53 Ucode left 0041 Ucode right 0054 AT e Note that Type 3 2 will only let you kern glyphs that have been mapped to a unicode character Glyphs 34 54 Ucode right 0055 AU e OpenType PostScript fonts otf do not officially support kern table kerning only OpenType feature kerning Glyphs 34 55 Ucode left 0041 Ucode right 0058 AV Not all applications will support and display kerning of fonts To activate kerning in Microsoft Word select your text use font from Word s format menu then tick kerning for fonts on the character TEET spacing tab Ucode right 0059 AY 24 Hinting When a font
19. ed Fight click and drag to navigate Use buttons or mouse wheel to zoom Press Next for more options preview or press Trace at anytime to finish Load and crop Fer and resample Trace Trace graphic Step 2 Filter and resample Move the siider to select he blackwhite threshold This wil determine which colours are Converted to bia Select Resample to improve the quality of low resolution images Blaclwhite threshold white Black Load and crop Fiter and resample Trace Trace graphic Step 3 Trace Set parameters to obtain the best trace with the lowest node count Manual Tracing By inserting a graphic as a background image in the edit window drawing tools can be used to draw outlines around the image Select background image from the view menu then insert To change the background image size and position double click on the image or use the reposition option Click and drag the blue corner squares to resize and the center square to move Press page up and page down to alter the black white threshold Double click or deselect reposition when the background image is in place and the black white threshold is correct Importing Vector Graphics Vector graphics created with vector drawing applications such as Adobe Illustrator Serif DrawPlus CorelDRAW or Inkscape can be imported into Ty
20. ed for Microsoft Windows Also to meet Apple specifications the first four glyphs of a OpenType Font should be these GLYPH 0 Used for undefined characters normally a box shape GLYPH 1 Special glyph with no contours and zero width GLYPH 2 CR character no contours but with a defined width mapped to 0009 and 000D GLYPH 3 The space character no contours but with a defined width mapped to 0020 Visit the typography links here for more information cr8software net links html 31 Appendix Ill PostScript TrueType and OpenType Curves and Outlines Outlines the curves that form characters are stored as a series of points using one of two methods to mathematically describe their shape We can say that fonts either have PostScript outlines or TrueType outlines This appendix briefly describes the difference between the two and the implications for font creation and editing Types of Outline Fonts TrueT T rueType extension ttf feeble te TrueType outlines Type 1 not supported by Type 3 2 a extension pfb amp pfm Pilgrim pfb PostScript outlines OpenType TT o extension ttf arial ttf TrueType outlines Actually identical to TrueType fonts but may contain additional OpenType information OpenType PS o extension otf Balthasar otf PostScript outlines Essentially Type 1 fonts wrapped in a TrueType file structure Abode s intention is that Type 1 fonts be eventually phased out and replaced b
21. en p2 vertical lines mark the width of the glyph see Appendix Il Move these by dragging at the top of each line or select glyph metrics from the glyph menu The dashed horizontal lines are ascent descent caps height and x height Anything that is not between the ascent and descent line will be clipped The values of these parameters can be set using metrics from the font menu WinAscent WinDescent Caps height and x height Do not confuse ascent and descent with typographic ascender and descender mentioned in Appendix II Getting Started Creating a New Font Select new from the file menu You will be prompted for the names of your new font All fields are required These are Mena E E S o Getting Started TrueType metrics em size 2048 p New font Four glyphs including space Family name Arial for example Famly nome Oaktree eg Arial willbe created automaticaly g i Create new glyphs Sub family Regular Bold Italic etc Sub famiy Bold eg Bold Pross new g Eal button to create an unmapped glyph Full name Family name Sub family Fullname Oaktree Bold Arial Bold 2 or double cick a character to create eg Arial Bold For a Regular o EEE EG 2 mapped aypn font just put the Famil ie name Arial Copyright Your copyright details The first four glyphs will be automatically created and mapped see Appendix II for more details The first glyph always represent
22. er glyphs in the font Applications that Support OpenType Features Opentype features are supported in following commercial applications Adobe InDesign Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator QuarkXPress MS Word 2007 only OpenType kerning is recognized MS Word 2010 will support some additional OpenType features Classical Text Editor www oeaw ac at kvk cte developed at the Austrian Academy of Sciences is a word processor that supports OpenType features A free trial version is available There are some free applications that can be used to view and test your OpenType features TrueTypeViewer http home kabelfoon nl slam fonts truetypeviewer html is a useful tool for viewing OpenType features in action OpenType TrueType fonts only Firefox 3 supports viewing of OpenType kerning and ligatures 28 Appendix Font Options OpenType Tables Type 3 2 creates TrueType and OpenType TT fonts ttf with these tables OS 2 cmap glyf head hhea hmtx loca map name post OpenType PS fonts otf will have the above tables but the CFF table replaces the glyf table When editing a font the following tables can be included if present in the original file or in the case of the Gasp table if it has been created by the user ag Font options nal If Hinting retained LTSH Font options fpgm EBDT Horizontal metrics a EBLC If Bitmaps retained Hinting Iv EBSC GASP table Iv bind If Vertical metrics reta
23. es All commands except for copy paste select region and do can be applied either to a whole glyph the selected points only if applicable or to the glyph contained in the clipboard depending on the last use command use all commands apply to the current glyph use select commands appy to the selected points of the glyph use clipboard commands appy to the clipboard glyph Transformation and Translation Commands move xoffset yoffset move the glyph or selected points origin xposition yposition set the origin for the following transformations rotate angledegrees rotate stretch xpercentage ypercentage stretch stroke units stroke or depending on contour direction skewx angledegrees skew in x direction italic skewy angledegrees skew in y direction Variables set variable value set the stated variable to a certain value Parameters in italics above are values Values can be Variables rotate FO Numbers rotate 90 Expressions rotate F1 F0 4 Expressions must be enclosed by square brackets Parentheses are cannot be used to group calculations in expressions So to get F1 xmax minx 2 you need to use an intermediate step set FO xmax xmin Set F1 F0 2 36 Variable List Appendix VI continued The following are a list of valid variables Note that those that are font parameters rather than glyph specific parameters are read only eg x height Glyph specific variables eg xmin will
24. following lookup types Single substitution sub A by B replace A with B Multiple substitution sub A by B C D replace A with the sequence BCD Alternate substitution sub A by Al A2 A3 replace A with one of A1 A2 or A3 Ligature substitution sub A B by C replace the sequence AB with C Single adjustment positioning pos A lt value gt adjust the position of A by lt value gt Pair adjustment positioning pos A B lt value gt for the pair AB adjust the position of A by lt value gt The words substitution and position can be used instead of sub and pos Position adjustment lookups use a position adjustment value of the form lt dx dy dAWx dAWy gt or just dAWx where dx is the x position adjustment dy is the y position adjustment dAWx is the horizontal Advance Width adjustment and dawy is the vertical Advance Width adjustment 38 Appendix VII continued Adjustment value examples pos A Y lt 0 0 10 0 gt and pos A Y 10 are both equivalent adjust the advance width of A by 10 when it is before a Y a kerning pair pos A lt 0 10 0 0 gt will move the glyph A up by 10 units y 10 Note Classes are not supported by Type 3 2 features Mixing Lookup Types A feature can make use of more that one lookup type Each lookup type must have a separate feature block Type 3 2 feature files differ from Adobe in this respect You could use the following for example to implement old style figures languagesystem DFLT dflt
25. he details button This function is used to list the required glyphs 41 Copyright LICENSE AGREEMENT Type 3 2 font editor is Copyright 2006 2012 CR8 Software Solutions Software Publisher All rights reserved This End User License Agreement accompanies the Type 3 2 font editor Software and applies to all associated files except third party fonts and Freelmage library any upgrades documentation modified versions or updates of the Software 1 USE OF THE SOFTWARE You may use a single installation of the Software product for the production of fonts for personal or commercial use Installation of the Software on multiple machines requires a seperate license for each installation 2 COPYRIGHT The Software is copyright of the Software Publisher You may not copy sell or redistribute the Software This Agreement does not grant you any intellectual property rights in The Software 3 RESTRICTIONS You agree not to modify adapt translate reverse engineer decompile disassemble or otherwise attempt to discover the source code of the Software You may not alter or modify the installer program or create a new installer for the Software 4 LIMITED WARRANTY In no event will the Software Publisher be liable for indirect special incidental tort economic cover or consequential damages arising out of the use of or inability to use the Software including without limitation damages or costs relating to the loss of pr
26. he touch up tool button and selecting a new tool Smooth Straighten Smooth tool Connect This tool can be used to create smooth curves between points It is useful for smoothing curves created using the freehand tool or graphics that have been autotraced e After using the smooth tool the glyph will be converted to PostScript curves Straighten tool This tool will remove curves from the selected points e If in nodes view mode then the control points will be removed from selected nodes e If in TT points mode then this operation will convert any selected off curve points to on curve points Connect tool This tool will connect selected points if they are in close proximity to each other It is used to close or connect contours similar to the glue tool but allows joining without moving contours or inserting extra paths e One of the points must be the first node of a contour and the other point must be the last node of the same or a different contour The points to be joined must be in close proximity several pixels The Mapping Window Mapping Window Modes Menu button The mapping window mode button will sequence PEET Range select through the different modes available You can also T wep unmep eat F acive Range active change the mapping mode using preferences from i aracter the view menu The modes available are Unicode 0021 Glyph 3 5 Mapped 1 Code Pages character sets TrA characters 2
27. ined Bitmaps E Kerning Iv hdmx PCL table E kern gasp Select individually VDMX table Iv PCLT Vertical metrics E VDMX OpenType Iv BASE GDEF g GPOS If OpenType retained GSUB JSTF These tables for TT fonts only For PS fonts the hinting option will control glyph level hinting only If you have edited any glyphs then the hdmx horizontal metrics table may no longer be accurate it is then recommended that you do not retain it WDMX and hdmx tables can be re created using a free tool from Microsoft called CacheTT www microsoft com typography tools tools aspx If youhave changed the fonts description then the PCLT table may no longer be accurate it is then recommended that you do not retain it The PCLT table is strongly discouraged for use with OpenType fonts Fonts saved as OpenType will also be given an empty DSIG table This is to give the font the OpenType icon on Windows XP The original digital signature if any will not be retained as it is no longer valid for an edited font 29 Appendix II Font Basics A Bit of History TrueType was originally developed by Apple in the late 80 s after Apple amp Microsoft rejected a proposal by Adobe to use Adobe Type 1 PostScript fonts for their operating systems Through a deal with Apple TrueType was adopted by Microsoft in 1992 for their Windows 3 1 operating system Adobe joined forces with Microsoft in 1996 to combine their tech
28. ing the ctrl button at the same time will insert nodes but will not cut the contour The knife tool can be used to chop contours in half draw i This tool is useful for removing overlapping contours that may occur when a glyph has been over thickened with the stroking tool Cut the overlap with the knife tool then join the remaining ends with the touch up connect tool Al a The Glue Tool Use the glue tool to join contours together Click on a node then drag to a node on another contour Release the mouse button and the two contours will be joined Beware that contour direction is important here and that the direction of the contours remains unaltered To change the direction of a contour use reverse from the contour menu Sie Pressing the ctrl button at the same time will allow you to glue the last node of an open contour to the first node of another open countour using a connecting line without moving either contour The Tool box continued The Ruler The ruler tool can be used to measure distances Click at the start position or node and drag to the end position or node Various measurements will appear in the status bar 1627 665 481 201 dx amn 481 201 to 1627 665 dx 1146 dy 464 r 1236 Ruler Rotation Transformation and Stroke Tools The three of transformation tools and the stroke tool all work in a similar way There are two options Rotate Origin x y 237
29. ling as a percentage and store it in FO origin 0 0 set the origin for the transformation at x 0 y 0 stretch FO FO stretch by the amount calculated in the x and y directions set rsb F1 xheight caps adjust the rsb by the same proportion Shortcut Keys The shortcut keys 1 to 7 can be assigned to Actions Use assign shortcut keys from the global menu To create a new Action select create edit actions from the global menu then press new Enter a name for your new Action then enter commands in the Action script window Composite Glyphs Warning Glyphs are automatically decomposed before an Action is performed but if you run an Action over a range of glyphs then the Action may end up being run on a component glyph before decomposing This can result in unpredictable results It is therefore is recommended that you run the decompose Action over the entire font before running Actions over large ranges of glyphs 23 Kerning Certain pairs of characters look better with an altered spacing between them Y and e for example look better if the e is moved closer to the Y This is called kerning Kerning Mode no kerning Select kerning mode from the view menu the kerning window will appear Uncheck show all pairs to show only kerning pairs that begin with the current glyph If you are creating a new font you will need to add some kerning pairs Use the add button to add a single pair or to add all standard pairs see Appen
30. ng between characters AW LSB character width RSB Advance Width 30 Appendix I continued Font Metrics Certain metrics define the vertical dimensions of characters in an OpenType font Ascender Caps height X height Baseline Descender ASCENDER Height of ascender usually height of b DESCENDER Height of descender usually depth of p CAPS HEIGHT Height of uppercase characters defn height of H x HEIGHT Height of lowercase characters defn height of x BASELINE At y 0 Do not confuse the ascender and descender with ascent and descent called WinAscent and WinDescent in metrics from the font menu Ascent and descent define the upper and lower limits of all glyphs anything outside these limits will be clipped The EM square determines the size of the font when it is displayed For example when the font is displayed at 12 points the EM square will be 12 points high 1 point 1 72 inch The EM square was traditionally from type setting days defined as the size of an uppercase M but typically the EM square encompasses the ascenders and descenders with some extra internal leading as well The size of the EM square is usually set at 2048 units for a TrueType or OpenType TT font and usually set at 1000 units for OpenType PS fonts Standard Glyphs It is standard for a OpenType font to contain mapping to the Macintosh Roman character set even if the font is only to be us
31. nologies and produce OpenType which supports both TrueType and PostScript formats Adobe finished converting its entire font library to OpenType PostScript fonts in 2002 with the intention that Adobe Type 1 fonts see Appendix Ill eventually be phased out Glyphs TrueType The outlines of a TrueType glyph are defined by contours Contours are defined by points Points of a contour are either on curve defining straight lines or off curve defining a type of curve called a quadratic spline The first point on a contour point zero must always be an on curve point See Appendix III for more details Points incrementing clockwise a o Points incrementing anti clockwise Glyph Metrics The filled in area of a TrueType glyph is always on the right hand side of the contour So for the letter o here the points forming the outside contour will increment clockwise and the points forming the inner contour will increment anti clockwise Note that technically PostScript curves should be in the opposite direction with the outside contour counterclockwise The extremes of a glyph should be defined with on curve points LSB RSB Certain metrics define the horizontal dimensions of a glyph These can be set using glyph metrics from the glyph menu or by dragging the top of the red and green vertical markers The Advance Width AW Left Side Bearing LSB and Right Side Bearing RSB determine the spaci
32. nverted to TrueType Because PostScript curves are a superset of TrueType a greater range of curves can be drawn with fewer points making design much easier So the cubic bezier with its nodes and control points is the design industry s drawing standard Based on an article cr8software net article004 html 33 Appendix IV Keyboard Shortcuts CTRL O Open glyph data CTRL S Save glyph data ALT O Open font file ALT S Save font file ARROW KEYS Move multiple selected points use shift to move faster and Magnify and reduce glyph in edit window CTRL T Toggle view mode CTRL Y Toggle mapping view CTRL K Toggle preview fill CTRL Toggle background image CTRL X Copy whole glyph CTRL C Copy selected points CTRL V Paste CTRL B Paste metrics only CTRL Z Undo CTRL U Glyph information CTRL J Import vector graphic CTRL A Select all CTRL D Select none ESC Enter Deselect point exit reposition background image CTRL N Create a new glyph CTRL M Clear current glyph CTRL P Point node properties CTRL E Select contour CTRL L Edit actions 1 7 User defined actions 8 Change to unlinked corner curve 9 Change to smooth curve 0 Change to symmetric curve CTRL R Reverse contour CTRL DEL Delete contour DEL Delete selected points CTRL F Set size of grid CTRL G Show hide grid F1 F8 Select tools 1 8 SHIFT F1 F10 Select tools 9 18 34 Appendix V Standard Kerning Pairs
33. ofits business goodwill data or computer programs even if advised of the possibility of such damages In no case shall the Software Publisher be liable for money damages exceed the amount paid by you for the Software out of which such claim arose The Software Publisher limits liability according to the terms of this Agreement to the extent permissible at law 5 THIRD PARTY COMPONENTS This End User License Agreement does not apply to certain third party fonts bundled with this package These fonts and their respective licenses are contained in the enc subdirectory of the install directory The Feelmage graphics library Freelmage dll is used and distributed under the Freelmage Public License 1 0 See freeimage license txt in the install directory Potrace Professional TM 1 0r is Copyright C 2001 2012 Icosasoft Software Inc All rights reserved Potrace Professional is used under license from Icosasoft Software Inc typetracer dll may only be used with Type 3 2 font editor and may only be distributed within the Type 3 font editor install program YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE FOREGOING AGREEMENT WAS INDICATED DURING INSTALLATION 2006 2012 Allan Murray CR8 Software Solutions cr8software net 260512033 42
34. pe 3 2 Save the vector graphic as an svg scalable vector graphic file Create a blank glyph then use import vectors from the glyph menu Type 3 2 will be able to import most bezier paths and basic shapes The height or width of the graphic which ever is largest will be scaled to the working fonts em unit size normally 1000 or 2048 units 22 Actions An Action is a set of commands that can be applied to a glyph range of glyphs or the entire font A simple example of an Action script is SKEWX 10 Which would skew a glyph 10 degrees in the x direction If you applied this Action to all glyphs then you would have the beginning of an italic font To run an Action press the run action button or select run action from the global menu If you want to apply an Action only to the current glyph then you can press one of the user assigned shortcut keys If the mapping window is in glyph list mode then you can select a range of glyphs in the mapping window and they will be entered into the glyph range option when you run an Action Appendix VI contains a full list of commands and variables that can be used in Action scripts Look at and try the Actions that are installed with Type 3 2 to get an idea of how they work For example the small capitals Action script which is designed to scale capital letters to small letter size set F1 rsb save the current rsb in the user variable F1 set F0 100 xheight caps calculate the sca
35. quired to scale transferred glyphs to a size to match the working font These options are only available when using gfs files that have been created using Type 3 1 or later 16 Font Parameters An OpenType font contains a whole lot of information names font descriptions parameters and metrics specific to your font Type 3 2 allows you to set and change most of these If you are new to font design and are creating a basic font then you can keep the default values and use the automatic settings See Appendix II for a better understanding of various parameters Names When you create a new font you are prompted for certain name information This information is for the default language English US Your font can contain name information for other languages too Use the names from the font menu to add more entries to the names table Select the language at the bottom of the window and check the box to the left to make the language active Blank fields will not be listed in the names table If a English US box is checked then the English US string will be duplicated in that names table listing The advanced button allows you to enter various other names The most important ones are Unique ID 3 and PostScript name 6 If you change the name of your font then you must change these also or blank them out If these fields are invalid or blank then Type 3 2 will generate valid names when you save the font
36. range is an example of user defined generation and can be edited Appendix VIII the other two ranges are hard coded into Type 3 2 Com posite lyphs continued When the wizard is complete a report is displayed showing the number of glyphs created the number of glyphs already present and the number of glyphs that were not able to be created The wizard can be run again after adding extra glyphs if you find that some required glyphs were missing the first time The composite glyph wizard will attempt to place the diacritics in the correct position but because of variations in font styles this operation cannot be entirely automatic All the generated glyphs should be visually checked and manual position modifications made if required The characters that are generated by the ANSI wizard are Zcaron scaron zcaron Y Ydieresis Scaron Agrave Aacute Acircumflex A Atilde Adieresis Aring Ccedilla Egrave Eacute Ecircumflex Edieresis Igrave lacute Icircumflex Idieresis Ntilde Ograve Oacute Ocircumflex Otilde Odieresis Ugrave Uacute U Ucircumflex Udieresis Yacute agrave aacute acircumflex a atilde adieresis aring ccedilla egrave eacute ecircumflex edieresis igrave iacute 7 icircumflex 20 idieresis ntilde ograve oacute ocirc
37. rcase x If you have checked the option show horizontal markers using parameters from the view menu then the last four parameters above will be visible in the main edit window as horizontal lines Font Description Use description from the font menu to set the parameters that describe the font weight width version number italic bold and mono spaced If you set the font to Mono spaced then the advance width of all glyphs except glyph number 1 which must have an advanced width of zero will be constant Advanced description parameters can only be altered using Type 3 2 full version Composite Glyphs A composite glyph has no contours or points of its own but is made up of other glyphs Creating a composite glyph is as simple as copying the component glyphs into a blank glyph The composite is displayed as a blue outline and although you can move and transform the components as if you were manipulating contours you cannot move individual points unless you first decompose the glyph The decompose button is sixth from the left on the toolbar Glyphs can be stored as composites in a TrueType font ttf but for an OpenType PostScript font otf the glyphs will be not stored as composites they will be decomposed Save a copy as a gfs file if you want to alter the glyphs as composites at a later time Copy and Paste Functions e Use copy glyph from the edit menu to copy the entire current glyph to the clipboard e
38. relate to the current glyph or the clipboard glyph depending on the last use command rsb right side bearing lsb left side bearing p1 red marker p2 green marker aw advance width xmin x value of left most point xmax x value of right most point ymin y value of lowest point ymax y value of highest point FO F9 user defined variables can only contain integer values gap used for composite wizard xheight x height read only caps caps height read only em em unit size read only randvalue random number between 0 and value eg rand100 read only The advance width cannot be changed using the set command if the font is monospaced Altering these will move the whole glyph so that the condition is satisfied Eg set xmin 0 will move the whole glyph so that the leftmost point lies on x 0 Other Commands do action load filename gfs glyphindex selectregion x1 yl x2 y2 clear copy copyselect paste smooth straighten reverse truetype decompose run another action load a glyph from a gfs file Can be path and filename or just filename if the gfs file is located in the actions folder select all points contained in a rectangular region clear the current glyph clipboard or selected points copy the current glyph to the clipboard copy selected points to the clipboard paste the clipboard to the current glyph merge smooth whole glyph or selected points straighten whole glyph or selecte
39. ry order but creating them in character set order is normal practice and has some advantages Character Characters are the basic symbols that are used to represent a language The letter A is a character in the Latin Alphabet for example Mapping Mapping is the process of connecting glyphs to characters Glyph ID 36 may be assigned to represent the letter A character in a certain font for example A single glyph can be mapped to more than one character and using OpenType features several glyphs can also be used to represent the same character Unicode characters Unicode is an international character encoding system that assigns a code to every character for most of the worlds language systems A Unicode script is a range containing related characters For example the Basic Latin script is the unicode range 0000 to 007F Character set A Character set is the group of characters used to represent a particular language Single byte character sets Code pages can contain up to 256 characters The characters can represent different languages depending on the encoding used Fonts can contain more than one Code page which can be selected from the font selection menu on most programs Western Latin 1252 View Modes TrueType Points View Select TT points from the view menu This is the native TrueType format and can only be used with TrueType curves see Appendix Ill A TrueType font stores glyphs as a series of contours
40. s during the font development process When a font does not work as expected it is often a naming conflicting font names or encoding issue make sure codepage Latin 1252 is marked active and mark any unicode scripts that contain glyphs as active You should only have up to four different fonts that have the same font family name regular bold italic and bold italic If you change the name of a font make sure that you change the advanced names also Some programs will use advanced names eg unique font name to distinguish fonts so they need to be unique If you change the name of a font make sure that you change the names for Macintosh Roman otherwise the font may not work if installed on an Apple Mac and for other active languages Avoid creating glyphs with overlapping contours The glyph will display correctly on a TrueType ttf font but is not recommended but will have a white space in the overlapping region on a PostScript otf font When creating glyphs where one contour is enclosed by another eg the inner and outer contours of an o the inner contour must be in the opposite direction clockwise or anticlockwise to the outer contour see appendix Il etti ng Sta rted continued Definitions Glyph Glyphs are the shapes and symbols that you design They normally represent characters or components of characters A font contains a list of glyphs indexed by a glyph ID They can be in an arbitra
41. s other contour operations using the contour menu Selecting a point by clicking on it allows you to move a single point and gives you access to the options on the points menu either from the main menu or by clicking the right mouse button If you are in nodes view mode then when you select a node the control points belonging to that node will be displayed The control points light blue dots control the curve click and drag them to alter the shape of the curve Control points can be removed by dragging them into the node and then releasing the mouse button PostScript curves only Clicking on a node while pressing shift allows a new control point to be dragged out of the node PostScript curves only When editing a glyph with TrueType curves moving a conrol point may also affect neighboring nodes PostScript curves do not have this limitation The Toolbox continued The Pen Tool The pen tool will draw smooth curves Left mouse click to add a node and drag the mouse before you release the button to extend the control points The curves will be symmetric about the node If the shift key is pressed then the control points will no longer be linked and you will be able to form smooth or corner curves If you are editing a glyph with TrueType curves then when you release the button the curve will convert to a TrueType curve with additional nodes The Node and Points Tools These four tools work as follows e If no poin
42. s the undefined character normally an empty box like symbol You can edit the symbol but you cannot map this glyph to anything mapping to the undefined character is equivalent to unmapping The next two glyphs are mapped to certain control characters and the last is mapped to the space character This glyph must be left blank but you can change its width to match the spacing of your font Press the new glyph button to start creating a new font T or Double click on one of the characters in the mapping window and say yes to the prompt a new glyph mapped to that character will be created You may now proceed to create glyphs using the range of tools available in the toolbox etti ng Sta rted continued Common Issues The following are a list of tips to help you avoid some common issues that can occur when creating or editing fonts Do not open font files for editing from the Windows font folder Copy them to another folder before opening them Don t save font files directly into the Windows fonts folder they will not be installed correctly The correct way to install fonts is to drag the font file save it somewhere else first into the Windows font folder If you are editing an installed font then you will need to uninstall the original or give the new font a different font family name before you can install the new font Make frequent backups always good practice of your font files preferably as gfs file
43. t or node is currently selected clicking will start a new contour e If the last point or node on a contour is selected then clicking will add a node or point to the current contour e Clicking on the first point or node of a contour will close the contour e Ifthe mouse pointer is over a curve or line then a small box will appear next to the mouse pointer indicating that clicking will insert a new point or node in the middle of the contour The corner tool and curve tool allow you to adjust the degree of curve If you move the mouse before you release the button you can change the position of the control points The off curve tool functions only when editing a glyph with TrueType curves Points and nodes can be precisely positioned by using properties from the points menu or right click proporties Freehand Drawing Tool Point properties Point x y 277 a2 On curve C Offcurve Node properties Node x y 336 409 Control point 1 3 fo Control point 2 a 0 IV Control point 1 Restore J Control point 2 OK You can draw free hand using the freehand tool When the mouse button is released the shape drawn will be converted to nodes and contours Draw slowly for best results You can also pair this with the stroke tool to add thickness to unclosed contours that you draw 10 The Tool box continued The Knife Tool a line through the contours where you want to make the cut Press
44. the final entry in the feature block feature smcp sub a z by A sc Z sc ignore ligatures smcp For this to work the ligatures must be applied to the text before the small capitals OpenType features are applied in the order that they are listed in OpenType features from the font menu To make sure that the liga feature is applied first do this 1 Select OpenType features from the font menu select only ligatures then press OK 2 Select OpenType features again liga will now be at the top select small capitals Press OK Adobe AFDKO Adobe provides a command line compiler for OpenType feature files fea as part of their AFDKO It is a more comprehensive and more complex than Type 3 2 www adobe com devnet opentype afdko www adobe com devnet opentype afdko topic_feature_file_syntax html documentation 40 Appendix VIII Composite Wizard File Reference Composite Wizard files cwz are located in the My Documents Type3files composites folder They are plain text files that can be edited or added using Windows Notepad A new install of Type 3 2 contains only Greek Extended ecwz and this will be used as an example to explain the syntax and operation of cwz files To create a composite a base glyph modifier glyph resulting glyph and a positioning flag must be specified in the form 1F08 0391 1FBF TL The unicode character 1F08 will be generated from the base glyph 0391 and modifier glyph 1FBF The mo
45. tion kerning It is recommended that you save kerning as a kern table and as an OpenType feature to maximize the chance that an application can support kerning with your font 27 OpenType Features continued e When using the Demo version of Type 3 2 bear in mind that only the first 50 glyphs will be saved Any substitution glyphs after glyph 50 will not be present in the saved font e Type 3 2 allows you to either add new OpenType features or to retain features already present in the font You cannot edit the features already present in a font Example Generating the Small Capitals Glyphs This example shows how you can use various features of Type 3 2 to generate the small capitals OpenType feature Switch the mapping window to glyph list view Select the glyphs A Z right click and select duplicate Go to the end of the glyph list and select the copies of glyphs A Z that have been generated Right click and select PostScript name Enter A se The glyphs will now be named A sc Z sc a Se Keep the same glyphs selected and use run action from the global menu Select the small capitals Action Select glyph range should be your selected glyphs and run the Action You now have the required glyphs for the small capitals OpenType feature of course you can alter the substitution glyphs to suit your font the Action is just a starting point You might want bold them slightly for example to match the weight of the oth
46. type user Manual version 3 2 2006 2012 CR8 Software Solutions cr8software net Introduction Technical support and updates Navigation Getting Started Creating a new font Common issues Definitions View Modes TrueType points view Nodes view The Toolbox Select Pen Nodes and points Freehand drawing Knife Glue Ruler Rotations and other transformations Lines and shapes Touch up tools The Mapping Window Mapping menu Glyph Data gfs files Copying glyphs between fonts Saving everything as gfs Font Parameters Names Font metrics Font description Composite Glyphs Copy and paste functions Automatic composite glyph creation Importing and Tracing Graphics Auto tracing Manual tracing Importing vector graphics Contents 14 16 17 19 21 Actions Kerning Hinting Alignment zones Auto hinting Gasp grayscale hinting OpenType Features OpenType Layout features Applying OpenType features Example Appendix I Font Options Appendix II Font Basics Appendix III PostScript TrueType and OpenType Appendix IV Keyboard Shortcuts Appendix V Standard Kerning Pairs Appendix VI Action Command Reference Appendix VII OpenType feature File Reference Appendix VIII Composite Wizard File Reference Copyright 23 24 25 27 29 30 32 34 35 36 38 41 42 Introduction The art of Typeface design has been around for centuries an
47. umflex 6 otilde 6 odieresis ugrave uacute a ucircumflex udieresis y yacute y ydieresis Importing and Tracing Graphics Type 3 2 allows glyphs to be created from existing graphics files Vector graphics svg can be imported directly Raster graphics jpg gif png omp tif etc have to be converted to contours traced either by auto tracing or manual tracing Auto Tracing NEW to version 3 2 Select trace graphic from the glyph menu or press the trace graphic button on the al toolbar The trace graphic wizard will open 1 Press the load graphic button to open a graphics file All common graphics file types are accepted jpg gif png tif bmp etc 2 If you do not want to trace the entire image then draw a crop region while pressing the left mouse button 3 Select the desired output size for the trace from the drop down menu 4 Press next Move the slider to set the black white threshold 5 Press next Select the tracing parameters to obtain a good trace preview The top slider will control how many nodes are used Try to minimize the number of nodes while maintaining the correct shape Use the despeckle slider if you need to remove small dots or noise from the image 6 Press trace at any time to trace the image 21 Load and crop Fier and resample Trace Trace graphic Step 1 Load and Crop Left ook and drag it a smaller crop region is requir
48. x differences Appendix VII for details about how to write your own OpenType features files Applying OpenType features OpenType Select Opentype features from the font menu You r 7 eatures l i will see a list of features that are currently installed gE ae C Insert selected features saving font Select a feature small capitals for example then i i press details The contents of the small AF capitals feax file will be displayed i Ordinais adh norst Slashed zero r Small capital forms for a z amp The line sub a z by A sc Z sc Z Standard ligatures i Ligatures ffi ffl fi fl ff fi fo fh fk O Swash Swashes A Z means that when small capitals are applied to the font the lower case letters a z will be replaced by glyphs named A sc Z sc For this feature to work your font must contain the substitution glyphs Seectnone _View fies _ Detais named A sc Z sc See the next section for an example of how to create these glyphs m Assuming that the required glyphs are present if some are missing then only the ones that are present will be functional 1 Select the insert selected features button 2 Activate the checkbox small capitals 3 Select font options from the font menu and activate the retain OpenType checkbox The small capitals OpenType substitution feature will now be saved with the font e OpenType kerning feature requires that you generate kerning pairs see the sec
49. y OpenType PS fonts Adobe Type 1 fonts are not supported by Type 3 2 TrueType and PostScript Outlines Outlines in a font are described by a series of points To describe a straight line you only need to specify the co ordinates of the two end points but to specify a curve you need some extra points in between A mathematical equation called a bezier curve is used Fig 1a shows a curve described by two end points and r a two off curve points This is a quadratic bezier or for TrueType outline F z Fig 1b shows the same curve with three nodes and their i control points This is a cubic bezier or PostScript outline Fig fa Fig 1b 32 Appendix IIl continued In fact quadratic beziers are a subset of cubic beziers so any TrueType curve can be converted exactly to a PostScript one like in Figure 1 Conversion in the other direction is not so simple and it may require several quadratic curves to approximate a particular cubic bezier Fig 2a shows a circular curve represented by a PostScript outline Fig 2b the equivalent TrueType outline requires many more points and is only a near approximation Fig 2 Fig to the original curve So conversion of TrueType fonts to PostScript ones is an exact science aside from other factors such as scale and hinting but conversion of PostScript fonts to TrueType is only a close approximation Most commercial TrueType fonts are designed as PostScript curves and then co
50. yphs to be mapped to all unicode characters including characters in the supplementary planes uni10000 to uni1OFFFF Select a glyph or range of glyphs in the mapping window then press the map button A prompt will appear Enter the unicode code point in hexadecimal format that you want to map the glyph or first glyph in the range to The Mapping Window Continued Mapping Menu Bookmarks Press the menu button will access to the mapping menu Here you can add or remove bookmark buttons A bookmark will allow you to easily return to a specific position in a script codepage or glyph list Bookmark buttons will be displayed in 3 the main toolbar To remove a bookmark button press the bookmark button then select remove bookmark from the mapping menu Mapping Menu External Fonts fexternat Vera gfs Map Unmap Edit VV active Use add external font from the mapping menu to list an external gfs font file partial or complete see next section in the mapping window Select a glyph or range of glyphs then right click on the selection to transfer them to the working font The next section Glyph Data gfs files explains the options available for transfer Copy to clipboard Transfer Transfer and map Glyph 39 I Unicode 0044 Resizing Some glyphs composite glyphs or glyphs of some non latin alphabets may not fit into the default row size of the mapping window To resize the rows 1
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