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TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual

1. 3 2 Stage 3 Testing and fine tuning the policy eerte 3 3 Stage 4 Putting the policy into effect blocking eene 3 3 4 Policy Management Configuration SCOPE MEM M 4 l 4 2 Policy properties 4 4 Editing the current policy s properties esent 4 4 Policy specific negative regular expressions 4 9 Setting the active policy of a web application 4 10 Switching between policies 4 10 Automatic update of policy versions sentent tenentes 4 11 Blocking Policy table b ere epe e Eb UHR RE aa REG ViGlations dM Access Violations Length violations Input violations Cookie Violations Negative security violations sees tentnnn tenens 4 16 Other policy activities o nupta perte rp rette t RH iU ERREUR 4 19 Edit a policy oerte ERE 4 19 REMOVE rele aisis 4 20 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 v Table of Contents 5 Crawler 6 Copy a policy 2 AEE EEEE IEEE EEEE D en eoe ud 4 22 Roll back to a previous policy
2. Fitter by source IP z IP Adress 192 166 111 179 Request Time Range Any Time Range C mw T A Request Object G Any Object C Mask C Regu Expression Accept Types Object Types Objects Fow arole flow model 3 Select the appropriate Request source IP Request Time Range and Requested Objects These are the filters according to which the requests will be filtered In the Request Object section you can limit the filtering by Mask and Regular Expressions 4 In the Accept Types section define the objects that you wish the policy to accept as entry points 5 Once the settings are completed click Save to save the settings 6 Click the Back button at the top left side of the screen You are returned to the previous screen 7 Click the Start button You are required to confirm the Auto Accept run TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 3 Chapter 6 8 Click Run Auto Accept button The Auto Accept process starts running and upon completion an information message appears providing information about the process Started at 2004 12 21 17 55 15 Finished at 2004 12 21 17 55 16 a Objects Types found 8 a Objects found 4 a Flows found 8 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Accessing the Learning data To access the Learning data In the Policy Management module select Learning gt Real Traffic The Real Traffic screen opens and a c
3. TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 MAN 0 140 00 Service and Support Information Service and Support Information Product Version Legal Notices This manual applies to product version 3 2 of the TrafficShield Application Firewall Copyright Copyright 2002 2005 F5 Networks Inc All rights reserved F5 Networks Inc F5 believes the information it furnishes to be accurate and reliable However F5 assumes no responsibility for the use of this information nor any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent copyright or other intellectual property right of F5 except as specifically described by applicable Control user licenses F5 reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice Trademarks F5 F5 Networks the F5 logo BIG IP 3 DNS iControl GLOBAL SITE SEE IT EDGE FX FireGuard Internet Control Architecture IP Application Switch iRules OneConnect Packet Velocity SYN Check Control Your World ZoneRunner uRoam FirePass and TrafficShield are registered trademarks or trademarks of F5 Networks Inc in the U S and certain other countries All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners F5 Networks trademarks may not be used in connection with any product or service except as permitted in writing by F5 Exp
4. ext y Comer Check this box to instruct the Crawler to analyze the JavaScript code included in the Web application This is useful if the scripts contain links that can be followed or if they include fields that need to be filled Clear the box if JavaScript analysis is not necessary Accept un trusted SSL certificates Create back flows An un trusted SSL certificate is used by the Web application and this checkbox option is checked the Crawler accepts the SSL certificate and continues scanning Clear this box to instruct the Crawler to accept only trusted certificates As the Crawler runs it always registers the page that follows a certain page over a link thus adding the application flows to the policy You can access each such flow definition and further configure it in order to establish rules of passage from one page to another By checking this box you instruct the Crawler to also register in the policy all flows in the opposite direction in which case you can also impose rules on navigating backwards which occurs when the visitor uses the Back button Crawler Create cache flows Cache flows are created around cacheable objects The flow is created from the first non cacheable referrer object around the cacheable object The parameters of the incoming flow will be added to the newly created cache flow When no previous non cacheable referrer object is found the cacheable object itsel
5. It provides step by step instructions to create an initial policy using the Crawler tool The Crawler scans your application and builds a preliminary map of your Web application This chapter also provides instructions on how to use the more advanced Crawler parameters Populating the policy using the Crawler The TrafficShield security application Crawler automatically populates the security policy with the components of the Web application such as the HTML files the picture files the form fields the links and the flows that lead from one object to the other When you run the Crawler for the first time on a policy it populates the policy with the current objects application elements The next time you run the Crawler Itcollects only the objects that were added after the last run It can be instructed to place the newly added objects in a series of tables instead of adding them to the policy This allows you to examine the new objects and decide what to do with them add them to the policy or reject them For additional details please refer to the Data Collection with Policy Browser section in this document TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 1 Chapter 5 Configuring and launching the Crawler The Crawler can be configured in several ways We recommend that first time users make use of the Crawler Wizard Advanced users may prefer to manually edit the Crawler settings and manually start
6. 17 32 20 The aim of the Learning process should be to generate traffic on all pages to click all links to fill all form fields and so on For new web applications standard customer workflow routines can be used for Learning For live applications even a 15 minute test might supply valuable information that will help you fine tune the policy Obviously the longer the test the greater the opportunities to capture information that may help you establish a safer policy Auto Accept build tool The Auto Accept Build tool enables the Security Manager to adapt the policy to accept automatically specific illegal requests recorded in the Forensics and make them legal Note The Auto Accept tool must be handled with ultimate care due to its immediate and comprehensive impact on the policy as it automatically includes the selected violations into the policy making them legal In this Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy aspect it is distinguished from the Learning procedure which provides only hints about the violations and requests the user to accept each of them manually into the policy To access the Auto Accept tool 1 From the Policy Management tool click Policy Properties gt Build Tools Build Tools Tool Actions di Ctt Stop Status Settings auto accept Start stop Browser Recording 2 Click Settings to open the Settings screen Request Source IP CSave_ Restore Defaults
7. A person who has knowledge of the Web application Policy builder Policy builder 1 2 hours depending on the network configuration 0 5 1 hour for small to medium Web applications and 3 4 hours for bigger and more complex Web applications 2 hours to set up Crawler may take several minutes to several hours to run the automatic process Allow 1 hour for all static pages and several minutes for each dynamic script 1 hour a day for 1 2 weeks 1 2 hours Chapter 3 Preliminary stage At this stage the TrafficShield security application has been installed and configured according to the following order e TrafficShield unit was installed and configured e TrafficShield security application license was activated Web application was configured Stage Defining the web application This stage includes creating the Web application and defining the TrafficShield hardware units included in the Web application This stage is described in the Defining a new Web Application on page 4 1 in the TrafficShield amp Installation and Configuration Manual version 3 2 The remaining stages are described in this manual After you configure a web application the TrafficShield system automatically creates a default policy This default policy serves as the basis on which further settings can be applied to build up the final policy that will secure the web application Stage 2 Creating a policy After definin
8. Cookie length error Header length error Object length error POST data length error Query string length error Request length error Cookie header value length exceeds the threshold set in the policy Header name value length exceeds the HTTP Header Length set in the Policy Properties Resource name length exceeds the policy limit Request method is POST and the user input data length exceeds the policy limit The request Query string length exceeds the policy limit Request length exceeds the maximum request length defined in the policy 4 14 Policy Management Configuration Input violations Filter Description Failed to convert character Forbidden Null in request Illegal dynamic parameter value Illegal empty parameter value Illegal meta character in parameter value Illegal number of mandatory parameters Illegal parameter Illegal parameter data type Illegal parameter numeric value Illegal parameter value length Illegal Query String or POST Data Illegal static parameter value Malicious parameter value Null in multi part parameter value Parameter value doesn t comply with regular expression TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Some characters in the object or user input cannot be mapped into the Latin 1 characters table Forbidden null byte in request Parameter value doesn t match the dynamically generated pool of leg
9. Test 1 Length 1 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Header The Header name that has been detected as containing a meta character Metachars The illegal meta characters that were detected Note Once TrafficShield enforcer detects the first meta character it does not continue to check the rest of the value Occurrences This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for illegal meta character in header Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Note Accepting a meta character does not eliminate from the Learning tool other Learning records that include this meta character In such cases you must clear those other Learning records as well Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Illegal meta character in object This violation is detected whenever a meta character is detected in the Object Illegal meta character in object
10. Web Objects tab Then click the desired object s URL link The Flows to object section of the page lists the objects from which the selected file can be reached Click the From Object link to display the Application Flow window Choose Policy Management Configuration Web Objects tab Then check the checkbox to the left of the relevant object you can check more than one if you want and click the Show Flows button This displays at first a list of the objects you have just marked lows List 4 flows E wre active auctions php 10 E wrrp bidhistory php 15 E wrr f browse php 33 E furra buy php 13 Policy Management Configuration 6 Click the button to see a list of the actual files that can be reached from the object you selected originally If the reference targets a frame in a frameset then the index of the target frame appears at the top of the referenced files Frame Target 1 GET 2 browse 208 GET 0 HTT happo GET O wT TP rrages inea of GET 0 HTTP rgges iooo of GET 0 wrr9 ndex sho GET 2 HTTP profie pho GET 0 MTTP reowter pho GET 2 HTTP search phe GET 0 WrT sel pho GET 0 TTP user bon php E furto f bidhistory php 15 7 Click the To Object link to display the Flow window Destination Objects are listed under the Frame Target Index into which they should be loaded by the application Each e
11. Object Occurrences ndex pho 1 regster cho 2 The list of legal meta characters can be found in the Character Set tab of the Configuration section Accepting an object that contains an illegal meta character modifies the Action for all the illegal meta characters found in the header from NO to Yes in the Configuration gt Character Sets gt Object Charset list in the Policy Management tool Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object The object in which the illegal meta character was detected Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation Available actions for Illegal meta character in object Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Illegal meta character in parameter name meta character in parameter name Parameter Name Occurrences paamev 1 ndex 1 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 37 Chapter 6 This violation is detected whenever a meta character is detected in the Parameter name Accepting a parameter that contains an illegal meta character modifies the Action for all the illegal meta characters found in the header from NO to Yes in the Configuration Character Sets gt Parameter name list in the Policy Management tool Checkboxes The first colu
12. User input The parameter key and value pairs included in the request Both in the query string and in the Post data In Except RegExp you can enter another regular expression that defines an exception to the rule set by the selected expression Click the Save button The regular expression definition appears on the main page Repeat the above procedure for all the expressions you intend to use 3 TrafficShield Workflow Guidelines to workflow Preliminary stage e Stage 1 Defining the web application Stage 2 Creating a policy Stage 3 Testing and fine tuning the policy Stage 4 Putting the policy into effect blocking TrafficShield Workflow Guidelines to workflow This chapter is your guide to the TrafficShield security application workflow it describes the steps to follow for creating adjusting and maintaining a security policy The following table provides a summary of the steps to follow and the resources needed to implement them Stage Resource Required Time Required Preliminary Stage Installing and Configuring the TrafficShield unit Stage 1 Defining the Web application Stage 2 Creating and modifying the initial policy Stage 3 Testing and fine tuning the policy Stage 4 Putting the policy into effect Blocking TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Administrator Administrator or Web application manager Policy Builder
13. 3 HTTP Authentication Microsoft Internet Explorer TrafficShield Crawler Configuration Wizard HTTP Authentication Step 7 of 10 Use this option only if your Web application uses HTTP authentication Specify the username and password the Crawler should supply in order to access the server where the Web application resides HTTP Authentication HTTP Authentication Username HTTP Authentication Password Specify the user and password the Crawler should supply in order to access the server where the Web application resides 5 10 Crawler File type associations Step 8 in Crawler Wizard This section provides a list of file types frequently used in a Web application and their most common usage in the Web application It allows you to configure file types globally thus saving tedious manual configuration in the policy For example you can instruct the Crawler to define all BMP files as files that do not have a flow 3 File Types Associations Microsoft Internet Explorer TrafficShield f5 Crawler Configuration Wizard File Types Associations di 1 Help L This section allows you to legalize file types For example checking the HTM type and then checking the Is Referrer box amounts to teling the Crawier that al files that carry the HTM extension are referrers The Crawler wil register them as such in the policy even if it finds few fies that ae not referr
14. Clicking Accept adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy Clear Clicking Clear deletes the checked entries from this learning window without changing the policy The confirmation window is displayed Permanently Reject items from Learning Select Permanently reject items from learning to delete the request and also instruct the TrafficShield security application not to register again identical requests in the Learning tables The deleted request goes to Forensics ignored items 6 16 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Note After transferring the requests to ignored items all similar requests for all policies that belong to this Web application will ignore these requests WARNING If you only want to apply this clear to this specific policy don t check this checkbox Tip To change this decision after clicking Ok you can go to the Policy Management gt Forensics gt Ignored Items tab to unset the ignore decision For more details see Forensics on page 6 45 Illegal method Illegal method f Method Name Occurrences Act As Method Check trusted IPs for allowed methods coy 1 POST gt r SEARCH 1 GET p Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Method Name Describes the Method name Occurrences Displays the number of illegal methods
15. For details about trusted IP addresses see Chapter 4 Web Applications in the Ti rafficShield Installation and Configuration Manual Version 3 2 Navigation Parameters In some Web applications pages are generated based on parameters that appear in the request If you want TrafficShield security application to differentiate between pages that are generated by requests with the same object name but with different parameters and to build the appropriate flows you need to specify the exact names of the parameters that triggered the creation of theses pages in the web application The parameter names are specified in the Navigation Parameters section Note The two examples below demonstrate how the user can define a specific object path plus parameter or if the policy contains a common parameter used by more than one object path how the user will need to define Any as the Navigation path and the parameter name as displayed below Navigation Parameters 3 Object Path Parameter cg bn neomal prefs pl action Navigation Parameters Object Path Parameter Any action To specify a navigation parameter passed to the web server for dynamic page building 1 Click the Add button The Add New Navigation Parameter window opens Policy Management Configuration 2 Enter the new navigation parameter s information and click OK to save 3 Add New Navigation Parameter Select Object C Any Object C Object Pa
16. You can check both boxes Some Block boxes are checked and grayed meaning that requests that commit that specific violation are always blocked 5 Click Make Active and then the Update TrafficShield button Using Learning in Blocking Mode After you enable the blocking mechanism the Learning system continues to analyze traffic The requests that end up in the Learning tabs are those that contradict the policy You can still accept some or all of them if they warrant policy changes or clear them if they do not 4 18 Policy Management Configuration Other policy activities There are several other activities that you may want to use with your policies You have the option to Edita policy Remove a policy Edit a policy There are two ways to choose the existing policy you would like to edit To choose a policy via the Policies List 1 In the Policy Management gt Policies List tab select the relevant policy to edit by checking the radio button at the left of the policy name Policies List Capot import Casa Remove Policy Web Application Security Level Last Set Active Sst set by root c Ores phoauction rmagnifre com X stand at 2004 11 2 nen active now last set by phpauction magnifire com V High Security APC root at 2004 11 26 12 21 17 phpauction magnifire com_detau tt 2 Click the Edit button 3 The policy properties window is automatically displayed for vie
17. 254 Server 1009 172 20 10 11 24405111831404053 Support 1029504255226 700100 Request Violations This is the list of all encountered violations created by the request Flags Requested Object This is the object part of the request URI Response Code This is the HTTP web server response status Full Request This section displays the entire request including the HTTP headers and user input Query String or post Data Referrer Objects These are the referrer objects according to the policy Parameter Violations This is the list of input violations per parameter in the request where applicable TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 47 Chapter 6 Ignored requests Support ID This is the unique identifier of the illegal request Cookie Name This is the attribute part of the cookie name value pair name value Cookie Value This is the value part of the cookie name value pair name value Reason This is the reason that caused the violation This section deals with illegal requests that match the ignored criteria defined by the user for instance in case the request s object type and or the the request s object and or the request s flow are defined by the user explicitly as illegal As a result they are not used for Learning and are displayed as ignored T Legal Request X Megs Request O oded Request truncated Request riter tg
18. 4 2 be E r F ipg 1 46 0 r ree HF xk hb r It is possible to manually change the value of some of the parameters If the parameter is editable it will appear as a user input box Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Type Check the checkbox for the relevant Object file type that you want to add to the policy Occurrences This number indicates the number of request occurrences that were rejected for this type of violation If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request For more details please refer to View Full Requests Information window on page 6 47 Check Objects Select this checkbox to instruct the TrafficShield security application to check the requests for this object type in order to verify that the actual object exists in the Web application or is accessible via the application flow The non existent object window is automatically populated and displays with all the objects belonging to all the requests for this object type If this checkbox is not selected TrafficShield security application lets through requests for this object type without checking whether the
19. Chapter 4 Flow properties The following sections describe the flow properties parameters Target Object In simple terms this is the to side for a flow that runs from and to an object Referrer Object This is the object from which the flow began its path to the Target Object Method This is the action done on the Target Object For example GET POST PUT and Delete Target Frame The Target Object will be loaded to this frame number TrafficShield system uses interface frames Has QS PD This flag indicates whether the HTTP HTTPS request for the requested object has a query string or a POST data Check QS PD This flag indicates whether the TrafficShield security application should verify if the request QS PD complies with the policy If the flag is TRUE it enforces the defined policy of the request s QS PD and if the is FALSE it does not check the QS PD Number of Parameters Maximum number of parameters in the HTTP HTTPS request Parameter List This lists the parameters that can appear in the HTTP HTTPS request Policy Management Configuration Policy component editing This section explains how to manually edit the policy components Manual intervention in a policy built by the policy building tools may be needed if you want to override the definitions generated by the Crawler For example you may want to remove an object from the policy if you do not want TrafficShield security applicati
20. Clicking Clear deletes the checked entries from this learning window without changing the policy The confirmation window is displayed Are you sure you want to delete the selected item s Permanently reject items from learning Cor Permanently reject items from learning 6 14 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Check the Permanently reject items from learning checkbox to delete the request and also instruct the TrafficShield security application not to register again identical requests in the Learning tables The deleted request goes to Forensics gt ignored items Note After transferring the requests to ignored items all similar requests for all policies that belong to this Web application will ignore these requests WARNING If you only want to apply this clear to this specific policy don t check this checkbox Tip To change this decision after clicking Ok you can go to Policy Management gt Forensics gt Ignored Items tab to unset the ignore decision For more details see Forensics on page 6 45 Illegal entry point Illegal entry point Frame Allow Check How Method Occurrences Target QS PD QS PD Entry Point ER perro forowse pho GET 1 mu Entry Point E parry iet ono GET 1 sf r Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Flow This is the entry point access to the object Method This i
21. Configuration Automatic update of policy versions Policy versions are automatically updated every time that you click the Update Policy button For instance before modifying the following sample policy the policy was tagged V3 Update TrafficShield EY current policy phpauction magnifire com_copy v3 Change policy TA phpauction magn copy Object Types rr Check Check Is Length Query String POST Data Check Objects Flows Referrer Object Request Length Length Response aif 575 r E r E r Suppose you changed the object length from 28 to 29 and then click Save and Update TrafficShield The change will be saved into the policy which will be tagged now as the active policy with a new policy version V4 as you see in the following example Update TrafficShield EY curent policy phpauction magnifire com copy v4 Change policy phpauction magn _copy z Object Types Check Check Is Length Query String POST Data Check Type h Objects Flows Referrer Object Request Length Length Response Da 6 OEE TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 11 Chapter 4 Blocking Policy table To navigate to this table in the Policy Properties section choose Policy management gt Policy Properties gt Security Level gt Edit In order to customize the security level the user may edit the current def
22. If the imported policy exists in the current TrafficShield security application environment it is renamed a sequential number is added to the end of the policy name The purpose of this option is to quickly duplicate policies or create policies that differ only in a few details To copy a policy 1 D xps ES In the Policy Management tool select the Policies List tab and click the Copy button The Copy Policy page opens Configuration Policies List Current User root test Select Policy test v Copy Policy New Policy Name test_copy Verify that the relevant Policy has been selected Change the selected policy in the Select Policy pull down list Click the Go button to change the selected policy The New Policy Name field in the Copy Policy window is automatically updated accordingly You can edit the New Policy Name if required Click the Go button to copy the policy Policy Management Configuration 7 In the Policies List tab verify that the newly copied policy is added Policies List Cass Cae Remo Polcy Web Application Last Set Active Security Level Blocking Mode last set by root ratios hadash www ana 1 Do va Security APC Tramparent MOWI last set by root c Cl cower http https 2 www p 2 High Secunty Teareparent 144007 ose hetas wwwankcojp NIA High Security Trareparent last set by
23. In order to decide what to enter to the frame target index field the html source page should be reviewed for frame set tags Defining the Flow parameters This section describes the parameter properties and its configuration 1 To access this window choose the Policy Management gt Configuration gt Web Objects tab 2 Inthe Web Objects window choose the target object 3 From the list of Flows to Object choose the from object 4 The Application Flow window appears and displays a List of Flow Parameters List of Flow Parameters Input Is Mandatory Allow Empty Parameter Name Parameter Type Type PERDE Value D UNNAMED Static content value submit D A Du Static content value select D e Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name Specify the name of the parameter as it appears in the request To view and edit the parameter properties click the Parameter Name link The Edit Parameter window appears Parameter Type This field specifies the parameter type Policy Management Configuration Input Type This field defines the html input type of the parameter as it appears in the html source page Is Mandatory Parameter Check this checkbox if this parameter must appear in the flow Allow Empty Value Check this checkbox to allow the parameter to contain an empty value To add a new parameter to the flow Click the Add button in the Li
24. M Legal Request X legal Request toded Request M truncated Request E custom _ E Save Remove eO Time Type Requested Object Response Source IP O y 2004 12 00 18 58 57 index cto 200 192 168 111 122 C 2004 12 08 18 58 55 200 192 168 111 122 O X 2004 12 00 19 58 52 fedex cto 200 192 160 111 122 O X 2004 12 00 19 50 45 HTTP 200 192 168 111 122 1 2004 12 08 19 58 45 HTTP user bon sho 200 192 168 111 122 3 2004 12 08 16 58 43 HTTP bid pho 200 192 168 111 122 O 2004 12 00 18 58 35 jreguter oho 200 192 160 111 122 O 2004 12 06 18 58 34 browse cto 200 192 168 111 122 1 y 2004 12 08 18 58 31 HTTP 200 192 168 111 122 O 2004 12 06 18 58 30 200 192 168 111 122 4Pages 11224 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 45 Chapter 6 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Blocked column The second column may contain a red X which indicates that this request was blocked Time This box displays the date and time of the request Type This shows the protocol of the request HTTP HTTPS Requested Object This field displays the requested URI Response This field is the server HTTP response status Source IP This is the IP address of the client machine that issued the request Note Click a specific object to view the full contents of
25. O Allow Empty Value Parameter Type Static content value v Input Type text input Parameter Static Values f To build a list of pre defined values 1 In the box next to the Add button enter a value 2 Click Add The value moves to the larger box 3 Repeat this step to define all the values needed To remove a value from the list Select the value and click the Remove button The Remove All button clears the entire list Note If the value list is empty for this parameter type an illegal static parameter value violation is issued for any value received in this parameter in the request Dynamic content value Use this option if the parameter value changes dynamically and the location of the value in the request cannot be foreseen In this case you instruct the TrafficShield security application to actually search for the value in the various sections of the request Policy Management Configuration Configuration Application Flow Current User root g Current policy phpacution core com_default_copy Update TrafficShield Add Parameter Parameter Name Is Mandatory Parameter Allow Empty Value Parameter Type Dynamic content value z Input Type text input Dynamic Parameter Properties Extract Parameter from Object Search in URL Iv Search in Form Form Index Parameter Index Search XML Search in Response Body Enter the fol
26. Pictures and sound files cannot be referrers because they do not link to any other pages Check Flow The Application Flow path is the defined access path leading from one object to another object For example a list of valid flows would be from abc html to abc gif OK from abc html to def html OK If your policy contains the above list then any request that tries to access abc gif from def html would be considered illegal Check this checkbox to instruct the TrafficShield security application to verify that the object was accessed by a legally defined flow 6 10 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Some of these checkboxes are checked by default and cannot be cleared by the user If you clear the checkbox the object can be requested from any place in the Web application or even when the user is outside the scope of the application Cookie Change Select this checkbox if the client side code of the object modified one of the Web application cookies in order to prevent false positive alarms on cookie poisoning Available actions for non existent objects Accept Clicking the Accept button adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy Clear Clicking Clear deletes the checked entries from this learning window without changing the policy A confirmation window is displayed T Confirm Delete
27. actual object exists in the Web application or is accessible via the application flow TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 7 Chapter 6 Check Flows Check this checkbox to instruct the TrafficShield security application to test whether the requested object from a given object type is a legal flow Is Referrer Select this checkbox if objects of this object type may refer to other files Max Request Length The maximum request length received from all the requests for this object type Max Object Length The maximum object length received from all the requests for this object type Max Query String Length The maximum Query string length received from all the requests for this object type Max POST Data Length The maximum Post data length received from all the requests for this object type Check Response Select this checkbox to activate the Server response filtering by the TrafficShield security application Available actions for Illegal Object Type Accept Clicking the Accept button adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy The undefined objects types will appear under the Configuration gt Object Types section When you accept an Object type the non existent object window is automatically populated and displayed with all the objects belonging to all the requests for this
28. contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name This is the name of the illegal parameter value length Current Min Max The minimum and maximum numeric values permitted for this parameter Detected Min Max The detected minimum and maximum numeric values detected in the violation Occurrences Values Number This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation e If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request User Input Min This is the minimum value received from all the request parameters with this violation type It is possible to manually change the value of this field User Input Max This is the maximum value received from all the request parameters with this violation type It is possible to manually change the value of this field Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Available actions for illegal parameter numeric value Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Clear All To clear all entries from this learning window without changing
29. decision after clicking Ok you can go to Policy Management gt Forensics gt Ignored Items tab to unset the ignore decision For more details see Forensics on page 6 45 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 9 Chapter 6 Non existent object The Non Existent Object window lists information about requests that referenced objects that are not found in the policy Non existent object Lees Object Occurrences E BA arro nep cro 4 r F F I gero andrew aristo htmi 1 E amp verre forowse pho 2 r F mre 5 F F r B chc 4 r F r r porro fmages transparent gf 1 r r r r amp pare 3 F 2 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object This column displays the name of the non existent object Occurrences This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation Entry Point An entry point is a page through which a visitor enters the Web application for example by typing its URL in the browser s address box or by selecting its URL from a favorites list By checking this checkbox you instruct the TrafficShield security application to consider this object as a valid entry point Is Referrer Check this box if files of this type may refer to other files For example HTML pages containing a link or CGI files calling another file are referrers
30. logic according to the user s selection This means that all traffic is considered illegal unless it is specifically known to be legal The security policy is therefore a map of the application itself containing all the application objects flows parameter values and attributes The core of TrafficShield system s security functionality is the security policy This policy determines which requests are valid and therefore can deny any request which does not match the policy s definitions Depending on the work mode established an invalid request can be blocked and reported or only reported When the TrafficShield system policy is initialized for the first time all the objects object types and web server application flows are not yet recognized and accordingly TrafficShield security application will analyze all incoming requests How the policy works We call this map the Application Flow Model Think of it as a model of the entire application every object every parameter and every value range for each parameter is part of the flow By checking incoming traffic against the Application Flow Model TrafficShield security application can screen out requests that do not follow the user behavior the application expects From every object in an application a user may request access to a limited number of destinations For example when users log in to an online banking application they are provided with several links to their respecti
31. object type For example if you accepted an HTML object type all HTML requests objects will now appear in the non existent object window See the next section to learn more about how to accept a non existent object Note Requests with the accepted object types will still not be allowed by the TrafficShield security application until all the request s components have been learned Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Clear Clicking Clear deletes the selected entries in this learning window without changing the policy The confirmation window appears T Confirm Delete Microsoft Internet Are you sure you want to delete the selected item s Permanently reject items from learning al Permanently reject items from learning Select the Permanently reject items from learning checkbox to delete the request and instruct the TrafficShield security application not to register again identical requests The deleted request is stored in the Forensics gt Ignored Items Note After transferring the requests to Ignored Items all similar requests for all policies that belong to this Web application will ignore these requests WARNING If you only want to apply this clear to this specific policy don t check this checkbox For example if you checked this checkbox for HTML requests all HTML requests even rejected requests coming in for other policies will be ignored Tip To change this
32. occurrences detected e Ifyou click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e Ifyou click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Act as Method For each Method set a corresponding GET or POST option Check Trusted IPs for Allowed Methods Selecting this checkbox instructs the TS Security Mechanism to check for Trusted IP numbers that are allowed to use the method TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 17 Chapter 6 Length violations Length violations are detected as Length Errors Length Violations Learning of Occurrences Length Errors 3 This section lists the requests that exceeded a length setting This section is divided into two categories Object Type Length Errors Header Length errors Note When you accept an object type the length of the object is added as part of this object s properties You can view the added length for an object under Policy Management gt Object types Whenever TrafficShield security application identifies a longer length for the same object it signals a violation and the new detected length appears under Length Errors in the Learning tool Object type lengths errors This section lists the requests that exceeded a length setting Objec
33. the request and the View Full Request Information window is displayed Available actions for requests in Forensics Clear Clicking Clear deletes the checked entries from this window without changing the policy A confirmation window is displayed Note When a request is deleted from Forensics then it is also deleted from the Learning tables Clear All Clicking Clear All deletes all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm this Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy View Full Requests Information window All new requests containing an Object Type an Object or a Flow that match an entry in this window are ignored and do not appear in the Illegal Requests window The new ignored request is displayed in the Ignored Request window Request violations Expred tmestamp flags Requested Object Rpa imagenes ot ful Request GET imagens gt HTTPVLI helwa fehosucton core comi pro Accept Language OIW Accept gen defeats If Mode Gree Sun 19 Nov 2001 17 24 00 Gat It one Match S2eb4 36 30 1108 0 competitte MIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 91 Mort gepauction cone com Connectior Feop Ave Cookie PHPALICTION SESSION O04590c9690652016af0096017 794877 141 1 M6ef ceo e Obere Deme mm 70105 2 al 4 189400 P9600 7107 eee 1
34. the same way Specify the number of samples you deem it sufficient for the Crawler to scan A higher value yields a more accurate policy with longer crawling times TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 9 Chapter 5 Maximum number of requests generated for each form by the form iterator When the Crawler encounters a form it processes it as many times as the number of pre defined parameter values included in it For example a drop down list containing ten values causes the Crawler to process the form ten times each time with a different value However you can reduce crawling time and traffic by instructing the Crawler to process only a few of the values and not all of them Specify the number of samples you deem it sufficient for the Crawler to process from the same form with different values A higher value yields a more accurate policy with longer crawling times Emulate browser If your Web application is set to work only with a given Internet browser set the relevant browser name This name will be used to select the user agent header data Default character set for user input fields Select the character set in which data is normally entered in the form fields of the scanned application This value will be used as the default value for all new policy fields added by the Crawler HTTP authentication Step 7 in Crawler Wizard Use this option only if your Web application uses HTTP authentication
35. web application domain cookies have been modified by the client The TrafficShield state cookie has been tampered with TrafficShield security application has detected that the web application domain cookie has been modified by the client Suspected TrafficShield cookie hijacking Description Illegal HTTP status in response Illegal meta character in header Illegal meta character in object Illegal meta character in parameter name Illegal pattern in header Illegal pattern in object Illegal pattern in response Illegal pattern in user input Server responded with HTTP status of type 4XX or 5XX Statuses 400 401 404 407 503 are not included in this rule These settings are configurable The HTTP header value contains a character that is set to N false in the Administration CharSets HTTP Headers field The Object part of the URI contains a character that is set to N false in the Administration gt Character Sets gt Object Path field The parameter name contains a character that is set to N false in the Administration gt Character Sets gt Param Name One of the HTTP header values evaluates to at least one negative regular expression applied to the Header value See Negative Regular Expressions Policy Defaults on page 2 6 Evaluates to a negative regular expression applied to the Object part of the URI Data in the server response matches negative regular expression applied to Resp
36. your policy contains the above list then any request for a PDF file would be considered illegal Note The object types are case sensitive As a result JPEG and jpeg are considered as two object types The Objects files section lists the existing objects in the protected Web site For example a list of valid objects could be myPict gif myPict jpg and myFile html only If your policy contains this list then any request for yourFile html would be considered illegal Note Object name files that are not included in the list are also case sensitive The Application Flow path is the defined access path leading from one object to another object For example a list of valid flows would be from abc html to abc gif OK from abc html to def html OK If your policy contains this list then any request that tries to access abc gif from def html would be considered illegal Tip Back flows are created automatically TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 2 3 Chapter 2 Flow parameters The parameters used by the request For example A list of valid parameters can be https 192 168 51 51 1043 dms policy pl flows php m id 0 4 amp uid 123 In this example we have a single parameter m id If your policy contains the above list then any request that tries to read a variable with a different name from m id would be considered illegal Please refer to the next section for more details P
37. 4 After you select an option TrafficShield security application displays an entire character set Select Char Sets Object Path Action Y YES N NO C CHECK 0 n a vs 40 e us 80 n a vs c na N 1 wa NX 4 a VE 81 NE a NE 2 Ng 42 vg 2 we NS 2 we ws 3 n a N 43 Yw 83 n a a n a N 4 ws o vg 5 we Ne oo we Ns s ug s vg 85 we ug c we 6 we Ng 46 vg se we ug c we 7 we ug e vg sz we Ng c we us we Ng vg 8 we NE a NE Policy Management Configuration 5 In the Action field of each character select one of the following actions Action Means N No The character is invalid An incoming request that contains this character will be blocked Yes The character is valid An incoming request that contains this character will be let through Check is equal to N unless its explicitly defined as allowed in the Parameter Characteristics table under Application Flow Policy Management tool If the character is allowed there then the request is valid C is not available for Header charset Object charset Parameter Name charset restore to the default character set definitions click the Restore Defaults button 7 Click Save to save the settings TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Chapter 4 Policy audit tools Since view
38. ARTICULAR e PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more detak You should have received i copy of the GNU General Public License along with this i program If not write to the Free Software Foundation inc 675 Mass Ave Cambridge 02139 USA require fincludes cantig nc ptp a es messages inc oho regure header pho i Server side abo rere ht ee e code disclosure 1 requested update INFO table PTPL Fdo a 1 emal if leregn _220 9 Je 1 _a reias HN 220 9 H puser emat TPL_ info er ERR D28 fouar rsert rto info valuas fuser_amaf resuit query query fifre fri info em ERR 001 TPL info err a 53 512 prepare data for templates template prepare categories list for eS _Categonies_value 755 query from categories WHERE parent jd Q i r counter desc fresi a mysql query query f Ifresult TPL categories value e ERR_001 num cat o mu num rows result 0 categones value e The list of legal patterns for the response can be found in the Configuration gt Negative RegExp default list referring to responses in the Configuration section of the Policy Management tool Accepting a response that contains an illegal pattern deletes the regular expression found for the response from the list in the Configuration gt Negativ
39. E 7 25 3 5 c 46 3 2 2 25 7 72 3 2 46 5 9 V IC Directory Traversal 2 2 25 2 3 2 2 46 5 25 2 3 2 2 Directory Traversal 3 46 6 2 1 4 Directory Traversal 3 25 2 3 2 46 5 2 111 2 9 2 25 2 2 2 93 5 2 Directory Traversal 4 46 3 V 4 Directory Traversal 4 25 2 3 2 46 5 9 9 966 7 25 9 963 2 9 8 46 5 2 25 3 2 46 5 PPV 6 Directory Traversal r Directory Traversal tallies Au Chr 1 4616 1 Directory Traversal Double Double Uplink 1 2 2 3 25 2 46 3 Uplink 1 2 2 25 2 02 a 2 3 2 8 46 5 7 2 25 2 2 2 903 2 2 46 5 i 24 2 25 2 2 2 903 22 2 3 In RegExp Pool page click Add The Add RegExp page opens Configuration Defaults Current User root Version 3 2 0 Add RegExp RegExp Name RegExp Description 4 In RegExp Name enter a name that will help you identify the regular expressions when creating policies 5 In RegExp type the expression by following the standard Regular Expression syntax 6 In Description optionally type a few words that describe the expression 7 Click Save The regular expression definition appears on the main page 8 R
40. Flows button to display a list of flows in the Flow List window for the checked objects The Flow List window displays the list of checked objects For each flow it displays the method GET POST the number of parameters and the target object Each object can be expanded to display the outgoing flows For more details please see the following section on application flow TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 35 Chapter 4 Application flow Dlnttp 1 Select Policy http https 1 Flows List 1 flows Hiper active auxtions php 11 Frame Target 1 SET 2 HTTP T 0 HTTP Mem ore 0 HTTP rages inea gt i T 0 enagei pcture ot x T 0 HTTP oer ore 3E TC HTTP Seen che 72 HTTP 098 phe 3 T 2 HTTP earch pho 3E T O HTTP oof oho sc T 0 HTTP ucoadedlooo xT 0 wrTP user mere pho The Application Flow is the defined access path leading from one object to another object These flows are populated from various sources The Crawler generates a map of the flows from within the Web application by scanning the links and references within the objects The Learning process results in acceptance of new flows It is also possible to manually add and edit application flows To access the application flow The Application Flow can be accessed in any of the following three ways 1 2 Choose Policy Management Configuration
41. If you wish to edit the policy and enhance it to deal with positive security violations also you can either manually modify it or run the Crawler to update the policy Tip After modifying a Policy always click the Update TrafficShield button to ensure that the policy is re activated with the modifications e Note A policy can be created only if at least one Web Application entry was created For more details on how to define Web applications in the TrafficShield security application please refer to Chapter 4 Web Applications in the TrafficShield 9 Installation and Configuration Manual version 3 2 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 1 Chapter 4 Add a new policy 1 Navigate to the Policy Management tab gt Policies List tab A list of existing policies appears displaying additional information such as security level and blocking mode status If you ran the TrafficShield configuration wizard the first time you access this page you will see the policy you defined or selected via the wizard Z TrafficShield Management Station Microsoft Internet Explorer TrafficShield Qe ge Policy Manag Configuration Policies List Current User root Update TrafficShield Configuration policy Properties Policies List Policy Web Application Last Set Active Security Level Blocking Mode last set by e M root EY phpauction core com de
42. Microsoft Internet Explo ioj xj LE Are you sure you want to delete the selected item s Permanently reject items from learning rorum Easel Permanently reject items from learning Select the Permanently reject items from learning option to delete the request and instruct the TrafficShield security application not to register again identical requests in the Learning tables The deleted request goes to Forensics gt Ignored Items TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 11 Chapter 6 Note After transferring the requests to ignored items all similar requests for all policies that belong to this Web application will ignore these requests WARNING If you only want to apply this clear to this specific policy don t check this checkbox Tip To change this decision after clicking Ok you can go to Policy Management gt Forensics gt Ignored Items tab to unset the ignore decision For more details see Forensics on page 6 45 Illegal flow to object The Illegal Flow to Object screen is divided into two sections Illegal Flow to Object Illegal Entry Point The Illegal Flow to Object screen lists the flows that were requested but were not found in the policy In this case too you can configure the query string and POST data settings of the Illegal flow to object flow and include them in your policy by clicking the Accept button legal flow to object Frame Allow Ch
43. RVIEW 2 EN 1 1 Document objectives eR eie Ree tete lee bees e i Rete I I How this manual is organized Audience and assumed knowledge eene tenente tentent 1 2 Conventions sso E E 1 2 Related documentation iiss an ia EE e AEE Ea E E EE aaa i 1 2 2 The Security Policy adii E AEAEE erepto RIPE MEC EEE OE EE 2 1 How the policy Works 2 1 The security policy components 2 3 Object types ee e E agere intesa s de n e RU 2 3 Web objects 2 3 Application flows 2 3 Flow parameters 2 4 What happens to illegal requests serene tentent tentent 2 5 PI gc m EE 2 6 Negative Regular Expressions Policy Defaults seen 2 6 Creating a Pool of Regular Expressions eerte tenentes 2 6 Assigning Expressions esent tte tentten tnn ttnn tente tnn ttn 2 8 3 TrafficShield Workflow Guidelines to workflow sesssesssessseessssssssssssssssesssesssesssessssesssesssesssesssessussssessstessssssesssessseesseessnesss 3 1 Preliminary stage 3 2 Stage l Defining the web application 3 2 Stage 2 Creating a policy
44. TP request type that requests to delete a resource on the web server A series of alphanumeric strings separated by periods such as www siterequest com that is an address of a computer network connection and that identifies the owner of the address A dynamic parameter is a parameter in a request where the set of legal values this parameter can have is changing dynamically and usually depends of the user session For example in a banking application the account number is a dynamic parameter since each user has its own set of legal account numbers that this parameter can have This set of legal account numbers is dynamically generated by the server and embedded in the web page sent to user TrafficShield security application extracts this list of legal values from the web page that is sent to the user and uses them to verify that the value sent in the request for the dynamic parameter is legal TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Glossary Glossary Dynamic Value Entry Point Flow GET Learning Length Cookie Length Post Data Length Query String Length Request Length URI See dynamic parameter A web page that could be the first requested page in the Web application an end user could get to the Entry Point by typing a URL in the browser window opening a favorites menu be linked from a different Web application or e mail client The end user could also get to the Entry Point by clicki
45. The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Header Type Check the checkbox for the relevant Header type that you want to clear or accept Current Max Length The valid length defined in the policy for the Header length Detected Average Length This value indicates the average Header length that violated the Header length constraint Occurrences This number displays the number of requests that caused this violation Set Max Length Value You can manually change the maximum length allowed for the Header Type or select the Any option to allow any length Actions available for Header Length Accept Clicking the Accept button adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy It is possible to manually change the value of some of the parameters Clear Clicking Clear deletes the entry from this learning window without changing the policy A warning message appears asking to confirm the deletion TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 21 Chapter 6 Input violations Input violations are classified by the TrafficShield Security Module as follows Input Violations Illegal Query String or POST Data Illegal Parameter Illegal static parameter value Illegal empty parameter value Illegal parameter value length Illegal parameter numeric value Illegal parameter data
46. Tip Customize your blocking definitions to temporarily allow some violations to go through until the Learning fine tuning is more complete First time usage As the Web application is new you may prefer to run an initial test in safe conditions Such conditions can be created by opening the Web application to a limited number of visitors like Quality Assurance QA and employees of your organization persons who are not potential hackers Initially the alarms help you adjust policy attribute values until you are sure that the policy is usable Any invalid request that might come after the Learning stage can justifiably be considered illegal and treated as such In fact after the initial testing period you can use the Learning tool to track real attacks Ongoing usage If the Web application to be protected is already in use a portion of the live traffic can be diverted through the TrafficShield security application to the Learning tool As visitors move through the Web application the TrafficShield security application captures requests that contradict your current policy settings and posts alarms to the Learning tool pages The Learning tool checks that all objects that are supposed to exist in your Web application are indeed present for example all links lead to objects that exist in the Web application It also checks that the attributes specified for policy objects such as URI lengths or allowed meta characters are realistic I
47. acter in parameter value Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Clear All To delete all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm this Click the Parameter name to open the following screen Alowed Character Checked Character Blocked Values for id parameter Recent Parameter Value Occurrences test 1 20 1 The color legend at the top of the screen is applicable all through the Security Policy tool e Red blocks the character Blue flags the character Black allows the character Click the parameter name link to open the Edit Parameter window TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 31 Chapter 6 Parameter id Parameter Name id Parameter Type value arameter Characteristics Data Type Apha Numeric Hebrew Cm save O 15 Mandatory Parameter 7 Allow Empty Value Input Type text input Check Minimum Value Check Maximum Value v Check Maximum Length 3 Regular Expression O Allowed Meta Characters 00 1 0x7c 0x21 amp 0x26 Space 0x20 EOT 0x04 LF 0 0 Ox0d ESC Ox1b BS 0x08 CEL 0 7 O Allowed Regular Express
48. address of another host and waits for it or some other host to send back its Ethernet address Each host maintains a cache of address translations to reduce delay and loading ARP allows the IP address to be independent of the Ethernet address but it only works if all hosts support it ARP is defined in RFC 826 The alternative for hosts that do not do ARP is constant mapping Indicates whether TrafficShield security application should check the Object requested in the HTTP HTTPS request against the list of its known objects before it forwards the request to the server In case it doesn t find the requested object in the list it generates a violation that based on the blocking policy can cause the request to be blocked A packet of information sent by an HTTP server to a World Wide Web browser and then sent back by the browser each time it accesses that server Cookies can contain any arbitrary information the server chooses and are used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions Typically this is used to authenticate or identify a registered user of a Web application without requiring them to sign in again every time they access that Web application Other uses are maintaining a shopping basket of goods you have selected to purchase during a session at a Web application Web application personalization presenting different pages to different users and tracking a particular user s access to a Web application An HT
49. al values Empty is not allowed for the specific parameter value The parameter value contains a character that is set to N false in the Administration gt Character Sets gt User Input language The number of mandatory parameters in the flow is different from the number of mandatory parameters defined in the policy Parameter is not defined in the flow Parameter value differs from the type assigned to the parameter in the policy Numeric decimal or integer parameter value exceeds the value range set for it in the policy Parameter value length exceeds the length limitation set for it in the policy Request contains user input not expected to be found in the flow Parameter value doesn t match any of the values in the Static pool of values for a given parameter Parameter value matches one of the regular expressions describing common web attacks i e XSS SQL injection NULL character found in the parameter non binary type in multi parted POST data The Parameter value doesn t evaluate to the positive regular expression which defines the valid values for this parameter 4 15 Chapter 4 Cookie Violations Violation Description Expired timestamp Modified Domain cookie s Modified TS cookie Wrong message key Negative security violations Filter TrafficShield cookie was returned after the TTL expired The modified domain cookies TrafficShield system has detected that the
50. alse positives During the testing stage TrafficShield security application captures the illegal requests and displays the appropriate information such as URI lengths that exceed your expectations or attempts to access non existing objects Although you know what the values should be and you may have entered them during your review the real life traffic may return unforeseen but legal user behavior and may lead you to further fine tune the reviewed policy This might involve adding missing objects to the policy and adding parameters as well as parameter values Through the real life traffic TrafficShield security application learns the real nature of legitimate requests and allows you to adapt the policy accordingly As real life traffic is propagated through TrafficShield security application in none blocking mode the administrator can verify that No false positive alarms have been posted e TrafficShield security application warns you in case real attacks are detected Stage 4 Putting the policy into effect blocking You know that your policy is ready when all the alerts generated in the Learning tables represent invalid requests such as one off requests for invalid information or automated scripting attacks The absence of false warnings false positives that is warnings on requests that are actually legal means that your policy contains all the necessary objects and flows and that all of the parameters are set to va
51. anges made to the policy were recorded in the database they are not yet implemented until you activate the policy by clicking the Update TrafficShield button Until then the policy will act according to its previously defined parameters If the TrafficShield system Learning process detected requests that were generated then those detected violations appear in green and are underlined and linked Select the policy violation you wish to review Violations detected by the TrafficShield Security module are grouped as follows Access Violations Length Violations Input Violations Negative Security Violations Cookie Violations Access violations This section is divided into five parts Illegal object type Non existent object Illegal flow to object e Illegal entry point Illegal method Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Illegal object type The Illegal object type window lists information about requests that referenced object types not found in the Web application The object type is considered undefined unless you define it in the Configuration Object types section Learning for Polcy na login simple 2 Bowe ample 2 x Accept Mode Poky C Web Appicatio Illegal object type Caer Check Check Max Max Max Max Ched Type Occurrences Objects Hows Pm Hn Request Object Query String POST Data Re Length Length Length Length gf
52. anual is organized This manual consists of the following chapters Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the ps Networks TrafficShield Application Firewall product describes the manual chapter organization and provides information about the color conventions used in the TrafficShield security application and about related documentation Chapter 2 The Security Policy This chapter explains how a TrafficShield security policy works describes its components and presents the Policy Browser Crawler and Learning tools that will help you to automatically collect the components Chapter 3 TrafficShield Workflow This chapter is your guide to the TrafficShield security policy workflow it describes the steps to follow in order to create adjust and maintain a security policy Subsequent chapters explain each step in detail TrafficShieldTrafficShield Security Policy User Manual Version 3 2 1 1 Chapter Chapter 4 Policy Management Configuration This chapter explains how to create and maintain policies and describes the different components of the policies Chapter 5 Crawler This chapter guides you step by step through the procedure required to create an initial policy using the Crawler tool This chapter also provides instructions on how to use the more advanced Crawler parameters Chapter 6 Learning Testing and Fine Tuning the Policy This chapter explains how to use the Learning tool to a
53. arameter value properties Character sets The TrafficShield security application provides an option whereby you can define the allowed value format for each parameter of the request For example a list of valid parameters can be https 192 168 51 51 1043 dms policy login username john amp password se cret If your policy contains the above list then calling this request with a value other than john would be considered illegal For each policy the user can define the allowed character sets for the following request parts Object Parameter Name Parameter Value and HTTP header If your policy contains a specific allowed character set that excludes the letter Z in the HTTP header part then any request containing the letter Z in its header will be considered illegal Negative Regular Expressions Negative regular expressions describe possible attacks For example a regular expression that defines a cross site scripting attack si 3cscript b TrafficShield security application enables the user to define a list of regular expressions that will be used to check each of the parts in the request The requested object the request parameters name and value pair and the request HTTP header In addition the user can define a list of regular expressions that will be used to check the response If your policy contains the above negative regular expression then any request for a URL matching this list of directories will be c
54. ault security levels When the security level is saved the modified security level is now labeled as Custom Blocking Policy Standard Level 7 Disable Blocking RFC Violations Violation Severity Alarm Block Ilegal HTTP format Warning Non RFC request Error Not RFC complant cookie Info In this page you can define for each violation related action that will be enforced by TrafficShield security application when such violation occurs When the Disable Blocking option is selected Transparent Mode In case of violation the end user will be able to access the requested page and TrafficShield system will log the violation event In such a case the Blocking Mode of the policy will be set to Transparent When the Disable Blocking option is not selected Block Mode then if the Block flag for a violation is on and this violation is detected by TrafficShield security application the user receives the TrafficShield Blocking Response page followed by Support ID information In such a case the Blocking Mode of the policy will be set to Blocked with an additional Blocking Hand flag ff The violations are categorized separately e violations Access violations Length violations Input violations Cookie violations Negative security violations The following sections describe various violations belonging to the above categories 4 12 Policy Management Configuration RFC violations Acce
55. become a complicated and endless task Policy Management Configuration Configuration Object Types Current User sunu http https 1 Select Poky http hei v Cs Object Types Cass Care ree e Check is Length Query String POST Data Check lt Objects Hows Referrer Request inchided Length inched Length Response D af 5 Om D m je o mE o B 729 eg t 46224 e EB lew Allowed Objects RegExp CED CE Gre Regular persion Description No entries found To resolve this problem it is possible to define regular expressions describing the set of possible objects To define expressions as a set of possible objects In the Allowed Objects RegExp section located at the bottom of the Object Types window follow these steps 1 Set Check Objects to true 2 Define regular expression s describing the set of possible objects as explained below To add a regular expression 1 Click the Add button The Add New RegExp dialog box opens T Add New RegExp Microsoft Internet Explorer zl xj RegExp Description 2 In RegExp enter the expression For example if the policy contains objects a gif and b gif only the regular expression gif will allow any object of a gif object type 3 Click OK If an allowed regular expression is defined in the policy and TrafficShield security application does not find the requested object in t
56. bject link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for Illegal parameter Clear Click Clear to clear the specific entry from the learning window without changing the policy Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences click Accept The Accept Parameter window appears Accept Parameter Accept Parameter Name city 1s Mandatory Parameter Parameter Type Don t check value Show ER DIY Input Type text input Illegal static parameter value This screen shows static parameters that carried a value not included in the value list defined in the policy Illegal static parameter value 1 Giear_ Clear 7 Parameter Name Parameter Flow values aber D id erre Index pho cer E forowse php 2 2 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name This is the name of the illegal static parameter value Parameter Flow This is the name of the parameter flow path which defines the access path leading from one object to another object Occurrences Values Number This field displays the number of illegal flow to object violation occurrences If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears contain
57. bjects in the Configuration gt Negative RegExp Default screen in the Policy Management section Illegal pattern in object Object Occurences O 4 AV V metaindex cho 1 Checkbox The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object The name of the object in which the illegal pattern occurred Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation Available actions for illegal pattern in object Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences For example the regular expression that generates the violation will not be checked on objects for this policy Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 39 Chapter 6 Illegal pattern in response This violation is signaled whenever an illegal pattern is detected in the Response Illegal pattern in Response Gear L Response RegExp Name Occurences lt php ddddd php Copyright 1995 9 2000 phpauction org This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the teems of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free a Software Foundation version 2 or later This program is distributed in the hope that it wil be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied amp warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A P
58. ck this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to test whether there is a legal flow in the policy to the requested object Object can change Domain Cookie If the object is a referrer then this box can be checked If the domain cookie was changed on the client side i e Java script function execution by browser then the TrafficShield security application will fail any request if this checkbox is not checked for this object and the object is a referrer in the incoming request Don t block this object You can use this flag to instruct TrafficShield security application to not block requests for this object even when a violation is detected in the request This option should be used in case of a new object and when the policy for this object was not yet tested Policy Management Configuration Flows to object This section summarizes the flows to the object Flows to Object Ce Allow Check Frame From Object Q5 PD QS PD Target D Bear GET 0 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry From Object This column lists the objects from which the object could be accessed Note Click the object link to view the flow properties Method This column specifies the method through which the object should be accessed Allow QS PD Check this checkbox to define whether Query string and or POST data are allowed for that flow Check QS PD If Query s
59. ct type is defined as Zero and if a request object that belongs to this object type contains any query string a query string length violation will be generated Tip If the query string is empty i e nothing is written after the question mark the TrafficShield security application considers the request as an empty query String Query String Length This field defines the maximum legal length of the user input in the query string part of the request For example In the following request abc html Name John amp X 2 the actual query string length is 13 Name John amp X 2 POST Data Included Check this checkbox if requests for objects of this object type may include user input in the POST data part of the request If this checkbox is not selected then the length of the POST Data for this object type is defined as Zero and if a request object that belongs to this object type contains any POST Data a POST data length violation will be generated Post Data Length This field defines the maximum legal length of the post request user input data Check Response Check this checkbox to activate Server response filtering by the TrafficShield security application If checked the html body of the response will be tested vs the Negative Regular expression applied to the Server response See the Negative RegExp section in this chapter TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 27 Chapter 4 To add an object type
60. cts Hows Referer Request Induded Length Inchaded Length Response tim 1223 IC De a gt m fm D wa on 33 D mE mE D Dwm 2 1624 o mE D obo g l 5275 2 2 4 FSS TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 25 Chapter 4 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Type This is the file extension Clicking on the object type link leads you to a list of Web objects of this type Note The Type field is case sensitive for example you can add both html and HTML and they will be treated as different object types Check Objects If this checkbox next to an object is selected TrafficShield security application checks requests for this object type to verify that the actual object exists in the Web application or is accessible via the application flow If this checkbox is not selected TrafficShield security application lets through requests for this object type without checking whether the actual object exists in the Web application or is accessible via the application flow Instead it applies negative logic checks on the request s contents Tip If the Web application changes frequently i e a set of objects in the Web application are changed frequently it is not a good idea to clear this box in order to avoid massive warnings and rejections We recommended that you read the Allowed Ob
61. dapt the policy to real life traffic requirements It also covers the Policy editing feature which allows you to view and manually adjust the entire security policy Glossary The Glossary lists and defines relevant terms Audience and assumed knowledge Conventions This manual is intended for the Web application security administrator or application owner It assumes acquaintance with the nature of Web application attacks and a working knowledge of the Internet and of HTTP requests Gold colored lettered URLs point to referrer objects see Referrer in the Glossary for definition Green URLs belong to non referrer objects Frame Target 1 GET O HTTP bidhistory php GET 2 HTTP browse php POST 7 HTTP buy2 php GET O HTTP request php GET O HTTP help php GET O HTTP images linea qgif GET O gt HTTP images logo qif GET O HTTP index php GET 2 HTTP item php GET 2 HTTP search php GET O HTTP sell php GET O HTTP user login php Related documentation The Ti rafficShield Installation and Configuration Manual version 3 2 explains how to configure the deployed TrafficShield unit and its backup 2 The Security Policy Concept How the policy works The security policy components Defaults tab The Security Policy Concept The F5 TrafficShield Application Firewall uses positive security logic as well as negative security
62. der as illegal any requests that contain a longer value To set the maximum length check the checkbox and enter the maximum number of characters the value may contain TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 45 Chapter 4 Regular Expression If the value is non numeric you can calculate it via a Regular Expression To do so check this checkbox and type the expression in the adjacent field This is a positive regular expression that defines what is legal Allowed Meta Characters Use this section for characters defined as C check in the Character Sets table gt Parameter values in the Administration tool The TrafficShield security application will let through requests whose user input includes the characters marked here as valid That is C will be treated as Y true Please refer to the Character sets on page 2 4 for more details on Character Sets Allowed regular expressions This is a list of regular expressions designed to protect the Web applications from common attacks via user input like XSS SQL injections etc The user may allow a specific negative regular expression if the value of the parameter normal input matches the negative regular expression Defining negative regular expressions The Negative Regular Expression tab contains a list of default and user defined regular expressions These regular expressions are meant to complete the security policy definitions The request response conte
63. dow without changing the policy Clear All Click Clear All to delete all entries from this Learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm this To edit the parameter definitions Click the parameter name link and the Values for the specific parameter window are displayed Values for jd parameter Parameter Value Occurrences meta 1 script 1 Parameter Value The parameter value where the violation occurred Occurrences This number displays the number of requests that caused this violation Available actions for editing the malicious value parameter definition Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences WARNING Be aware that accepting this violation instructs TrafficShield system to allow values whose contents might be in certain cases attacks TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 33 Chapter 6 Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Clear All To clear all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm the operation To open the Edit parameter window click the specific parameter name Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Negative security violations Negative Security Violations ar
64. duct overview Document objectives How this manual is organized Audience and assumed knowledge Conventions Related documentation Introduction Product overview The F5 Networks TrafficShield Application Firewall is targeted at protecting mission critical Web infrastructure against application layer attacks and to monitor the protected web applications These services complement the limited protection provided by firewalls load balancers and other types of data and service protection devices The TrafficShield security application analyzes traffic at network and application levels to handle a variety of threats such as Manipulation of cookies or hidden fields Insertions of SQL commands or HTTP structures into user input fields in order to expose confidential information or to deface content Malicious exploitations of the application memory buffer to stop services to get shell access and to propagate worms Unauthorized changes to server content via HTTP Delete and Put commands Attempts aimed at causing the Web application to be unavailable or to respond slowly to legitimate users e Forceful browsing Document objectives This manual explains how to set up a TrafficShield security policy and how to apply it to a Web application The manual presents TrafficShield security application s security concepts and shows how the concepts are implemented in the security policy context How this m
65. e policy in order to edit it 3 Go to the Build Tools section and per your desired work mode begin to work with the Crawler To set a schedule 1 Select one of the following options Run on user request Use this option if you want to run the Crawler at your command You can run the Crawler at any time you choose you just click its Start button in the Build Tools section Run every minutes Use this option to automatically run the Crawler every X minutes Click the button and in the Run every minutes box type the number of minutes you want between Crawler cycles For instance if you want the Crawler to run every 10 minutes type 10 2 In the Crawler Scheduling window click the Save button to save your settings and continue Or you can click the Cancel button to exit the Wizard without saving your selections Start points Step 2 in Crawler Wizard The Crawler starts the data collection process from a URL This is the start point TrafficShield Crawler Configuration Wizard Start Points Step 2 af 19 Help a real user the crawler enters the Web application and follows links If your Web application has more than one entry pont specify them here Start Points Start Point URL R Select doman l http phpauction core com see 0 Cem TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 3 Chapter 5 The start point is
66. e RegExp default screen referring to responses in the Policy Management section Illegal pattern in header This violation is signaled whenever an illegal pattern is detected in the Header Illegal pattern in Header value Clear CO Header value RegExp Name Occurences n Referer http phpauction core com help php script cross site el Cross Site 1 scripting Scnpting 3 The list of legal patterns that is used to check he Header request in the Configuration gt Negative RegExp list in the Configuration section of the Policy Management section Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Accepting a header that contains an illegal pattern deletes the regular expression found in the header from the list for the Configuration gt Negative RegExp default list in the Policy Management tool Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object The name of the header in which the illegal pattern was detected Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation Available actions for illegal pattern in header Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Illegal pattern in user input This violation is signaled whenever an illegal pattern is detected in the user input Illegal pattern in User input O User input RegExp Name Occu
67. e generated whenever a character or regular expression that is not allowed in the TrafficShield security application policy is detected Negative Security Violations Learning of F legal meta character in header F Ilegal meta character in object F Illegal meta character in parameter name legal meta character in parameter value Illegal pattern in object IMegal pattern in response Illegal pattern in header Ilegal pattern in user input c O Nx The Negative Security Violations are classified as follows llegal meta character in header llegal meta character in object e Illegal meta character in parameter name llegal meta character in parameter value e Illegal pattern in object e Illegal pattern in response e Illegal pattern in header e Illegal pattern in user input Illegal meta character in header This violation is detected whenever a meta character is detected in the Header The list of legal meta characters can be found in the Character Set tab of the configuration section Accepting a header that contains an illegal meta character or more modifies the Action for all the illegal meta characters found in the header from No to Yes in the Configuration Character Sets Header Charset list in the Policy Management tool TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 35 Chapter 6 Illegal meta character in header Header Metachars Occurrences
68. eck How Method Occurrences Target QS PD QS PD DOW ER mre 9 8 qr jo cho GET 1 sp r BE BA iur pro purre jt cro GET 1 rn mH r qure fol pho gt BR perro pho GET 1 e r r uro jst oro BR sot oto POST erro juser pho BA parte index cho GET 2 f s L nm Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry 6 12 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Flow This is the name of the Application Flow path which defines the access path leading from one object to another object Note The VV indicates that the object is not a referrer If the object should be defined as a referrer go to the Policy Management Configuration Web Object window and modify the definition of the object so that it is defined as referrer Only after this operation is completed it is possible to accept the violation Method This is the HTTP method used in the Request For more details refer to RFC 2610 HTTP Occurrences This field displays the number of illegal flow to object violation Occurrences e If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Fra
69. ecorded by the Policy Browser Click the Browse button and select the TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 13 Chapter 5 Policy Browser s output file For additional information on how such a file is created please refer to the Data Collection section in this chapter Store results in crawl learning no policy update Select this checkbox to activate the Crawler Learning process For more details please refer to Crawler Learning tool on page 5 15 Click the Run Crawler button The Crawler starts collecting data While the Crawler is running you can click the Status button to open a window where you can see how the operation is progressing Crawler Status Microsoft Internet Dsplorer Started at 2004 10 04 10 52 43 s Objects Types found 3 Objects found 14 a Flows found 41 The message Running appears at the top of the window while the Crawler is still running During this time the dialog box displays the number of objects and flows that have been scanned and identified Click the Status button to display the current status without waiting for the next automatic refresh operation The status window title changes to Finished when the operation ends You can also monitor the process by accessing the other tabs in the navigation bar on the left 5 14 Crawler Crawler Learning tool This section explains how to use the Crawler Learning tool and how to adapt the polic
70. epeat the above procedure for all the expressions you intend to use Applying changes in RegExp Pool requires updating each policy containing modified regular expressions This can be done by clicking the Update TrafficShield button in Policy Management TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 2 7 Chapter 2 Assigning Expressions Regular expressions residing in the pool can be used to check various components such as object path headers parameter key and value pairs as well as the web server response The next task is to determine what each of the expressions included in the pool is for To assign an expression to an application element 1 2 3 Click the Administration button On the navigation panel under Configuration select Defaults Scroll down to Negative RegExp Policy Defaults and then click Add The Add Negative RegExp page opens Add Negative RegExp RegExp Name Select RegExp Name x Apply to Select Apply to 7 Except RegExp In RegExp Name select the name of the regular expression you want to assign to an application element The drop down list displays the regular expressions currently included in the pool In Apply To select where to apply the expression The options are as follows Option Applies the regular expression to Object The Object path of the request Response The response returned from the Web server Header value The request s HTTP header
71. ers File Types Associations Don t Type ie Referrer DOnt Don t Check Point Check How Check Object Response PD F n Cim D 2 F rt F rise z r v r r F E y 4 If the list does not include a file type you need to configure it Click the Add button add a file extension and click OK The defaults provided in this page cover the most plausible eventualities but you can adapt them to your needs by checking or clearing boxes A description of the file type configuration parameters follows Is Entry Point Check this box if all files of this type can be entry points to the Web application Is Referrer Check this box if objects of this object type may refer to other files For example HTML pages containing a link or CGI files calling another file are waverers Pictures and sound files cannot be waverers because these objects never contain links to other objects and are not web pages TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 11 Chapter 5 Don t Check Flow Check this box if you don t want the system to check the flows to objects of this file type Don t check object Check this box to if you don t want the system to check the requests referring to files of this type e Note This will also be applied to files that do not exist in the a
72. erties Step 6 in Crawler Wizard 5 7 HTTP authentication Step 7 in Crawler Wizard sse 5 10 File type associations Step 8 in Crawler Wizard 5 11 Crawler configuration settings Step 9 in Crawler Wizard 5 12 Data collection with policy browser eene tnnt 5 13 Running the Crawler Manually Crawler Learning tool pce Ra e A DERE eR Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Overview 6 1 Learning tool 6 1 Learning d ratiOn cete tense ree LER FERRE e EGER ON 6 2 Auto Accept build tool eerte teen ttn tentent 6 2 Accessing the Learning 6 5 Access Violations erbe D 6 6 Illesal object type ea aie ahaa Sela 6 7 Non existent object x SURE Ee ERES HA i debe Une eas 6 10 Illegal flow to object 6 12 Illegal entry point 6 15 Illegal method 6 17 Length violations aate 6 18 Object type lengths errors seen tentent ttn en tente tentent 6 18 Header length errors itte rl tet te b ec de ia 6 21 vi Table of Contents Inp tviolationis oe ER AER aeterne eee secte en e Illegal query string or POST data Illegal parameter i static parameter val
73. ery string and the POST data This relevant only if you already checked the Allow Query String or POST Data checkbox Number of Mandatory Parameters This number represents the number of parameters that must pass from the source to the destination object in this flow This counter is updated automatically as additional parameters are marked as mandatory Frame Target This is the index of the HTML frame targeted by the flow We do not recommend that you change this value unless you know that you want to specifically load this object into a specific frame Note The value 99 is a default frame index which means that the target object is loaded into the same frame as where the referrer object is presented List of flow parameters Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name This column displays a list of the flow parameters Note The Parameter Name UNNAMED is used for actual parameters on the flow that don t have a name Parameter Type This field specifies the parameter type See the parameter section below for details on the parameter types Input Type This field defines the html input type of the parameter as it appears in the html source page Policy Management Configuration Is Mandatory Parameter Check this checkbox if this parameter must appear in the flow Allow Empty Value Check this checkbox to allow the parameter to contain an emp
74. es PHPAUCTION SESSION Server 100 2 Click the cookie name The cookie content is displayed Zh https 172 20 2 71 1043 View Cookie Content M X Cookie Name Cookie Value Reason Server 100 New Cookie dataCookie New Cookie Sj Interne Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Cookie Name This is the attribute part of the cookie name value pair name value Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 43 Chapter 6 Available actions for Modified domain cookies Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Objects that modified domain cookies This screen lists the objects that modified domain cookies Objects That Modified Domain Cookies Giear_ Object Occurrences mr fedex cho 1 E erre fseachobo 2 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object This is the name of the Object that modified the Domain Cookie Occurrences This is the number of times that the object modified the Domain Cookie Available actions for Objects that modified domain cookies Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry ent
75. ested by a user Object is Allowed to modify domain Cookie Path Traversal Policy POST PUT Query String In case an Object i e a web page includes a JavaScript java applet flash as part of the client side and can change a domain cookie value the object should by defined as Object is allowed to modify Cookie An HTTP Attack that uses patterns like to get access to files not intended to viewed above the WWW root or in order to cross directories on the server A set of rules that enables TrafficShield security application to understand if a request is valid A type of HTTP request in which a query is put into a content body and possibly compressed or encoded An HTTP request type that requests a content change on the web server Part of an HTTP request that specifies a list of parameters and values into a CGI script For instance http www siterequest com index cgi param1 value1 amp param2 value2 Anything that comes after the question mark in the example above is a query string TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Glossary 3 Glossary Referrer Regular Expression Request Length Server IP Service IP Shield Unit Static Parameter Static Value Target Frame Undefined Flow A web page that requests other objects An HTML page could request picture files and other html objects to be downloaded but pictures cannot cause other objects to be downloaded For
76. example HTML asp php pages are usually Referrers while gif and jpeg images are not Used by UNIX utilities such as grep sed and awk and by editors such as vi and Emacs A regular expression regexp is a sequence of characters which provides the user with a powerful flexible and efficient test processing tool For more details on how to write regular expressions please refer to the many books written on this subject for example Mastering Regular Expressions by Jeffrey E F Frieldl Published by O Reilly amp Associates Inc The total Length of the HTTP request in characters which includes the request line all headers cookies and post data The IP address of the Web Server that TrafficShield security application is protecting usually this is an internal IP address The external IP address on which TrafficShield security application is listening for http requests Usually this is the IP address that the DNS A record of the Web Server is mapped to The on line enforcing mechanism responsible for TCP session termination requests parsing and analyzing A parameter in the request where its values are chosen from a known set of values Name of a Country Yes No etc See static parameter The frame to which the object is loaded The flow did not match the defined flows Glossary 4 Glossary Undefined Object The object did not match any objects on the list of allowed objects URI Part of the URL t
77. f becomes the entry point and the flow is added Min delay between worm requests to web application in sec The Crawler is a mechanism that can be likened to a central unit sending out multiple probes to the different areas of the Web application in order to register Web application components simultaneously Each probe behaves as if it were a real user following links and filling in forms and therefore increases traffic The probes can be sent in quick or slow succession Quicker bursts create more traffic A burst is measured in terms of the number of seconds to wait before sending the next probe If your Web application is active and currently serving visitors consider increasing this value in order to slow down the Crawler Number of threads to be used by the Crawler This parameter also relates to simultaneous probe activity A smaller number decreases the Crawler s bandwidth consumption leaving more bandwidth to actual visitors Number of times the Crawler fetches requests with the same structure Applications usually have many identical structures where only the parameter values differ The following examples illustrate identical links passing different parameter values http www myapp htm par 111 http www myapp htm par 222 http www myapp htm par 333 To reduce crawling time and traffic you can instruct the Crawler to scan only a few of such identical structures and not all of them assuming that all others behave in
78. fault v2 phpauction core com THOT 17 32 20 Web Objects Standard Transparent Application Flow 2 Click the Add button The Add New Policy page opens Add New Policy Policy Web Application phpauction magnifre com Policy Description 4 Security Level Standad Disable Blocking Iv Max HTTP Header Length C any Length 096 _ Max Cookie Header Length C any Length 096 _ How Mode C Advanced 3 Enter the information described below and click Save to save your information This will automatically open the Policy Properties tab Policy Name Enter a name for this policy You can use any name Web Application Specify the address www of the Web application to which this policy will be applied You can define different policies for the same Web application but only one policy can be active for a certain Web application at any given time Policy Description Optionally enter a few words that describe this policy Security Level There are three security levels Standard High and Custom Each level defines a different set of violation driven actions i e for which violation TrafficShield security application is blocking the request The default security level is Standard Policy Management Configuration Tip You must save the policy before you can view the Custom security level and edit the violation driven actions For more informatio
79. g the Web application it is necessary to populate a policy with the specific web application policy components This stage includes Defining a new policy Running the Crawler The Crawler automatically creates a preliminary security policy for the application Typically the Crawler maps most of the objects flows and parameter value ranges in a Web application including those generated dynamically using Java Script and other client side scripting means This initial policy is never fully accurate however For instance while the Crawler can determine parameter values for static parameters such as drop down lists it cannot always provide reasonable value ranges for user input parameters You can enter these finishing touches to the policy using the automated Learning mechanism and the Policy Management Configuration tools stage 3 TrafficShield Workflow Stage 3 Testing and fine tuning the policy After creating the initial policy using the Crawler you can expose the application to user traffic in a non blocking what if mode This can be safe traffic that is traffic generated by users who are not potential attackers This safe traffic is typically a small group of QA persons or the employees of your company If the application is already active i e a legacy application you can apply the same procedure again in a non blocking mode and adjust the policy in order to maximize security and minimize the chance of f
80. hat specifies the name of the object requested in http www siterequest com index html index html is the URI TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Glossary 5 Glossary Glossary 6
81. he policy objects list it checks if the object matches one of the allowed regular expressions If it matches then TrafficShield security application performs a negative logic check on the request s contents If it does not match then TrafficShield security application generates a non existent object alert and performs a negative logic check TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 29 Chapter 4 Web objects After reviewing the object types you can examine each object separately and fine tune the security attributes for each of them An important policy decision to make at this stage is to decide whether a certain object is an entry point or not in case you are working in simple mode then most or all of the objects should be defined as entry points An entry point is a page through which a visitor should enter the Web application as designed by the Web Master of the application for example by typing its URL in the browser s address box or by selecting its URL from a favorites list Your Web application may have several entry points By defining objects that are entry points you prevent an attacker from entering your Web application without passing through the front door To access the object list relating to a specific object type 1 Choose Policy Management gt Configuration gt Web Objects 2 Choose the relevant object type in the drop down menu and click the GO button The list of object
82. hich can be easily edited Although a policy could in theory be built using just the Crawler and Learning viewing and editing the policy is an effective way to ensure its accuracy The Crawler Learning mechanism and Policy Editing capabilities complement each other The Crawler is generally used to generate the initial policy Subsequently the Learning tool shows you whether the Crawler s decisions are consistent with the requirements of real life traffic and allows you to further tune your policy until it is ready For more details please refer to 5 Crawler in this document What happens to illegal requests When the TrafficShield security application diagnoses a request as illegal it processes it according to the policy settings it either warns you and lets the request through or warns you and blocks the request TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 2 5 Chapter 2 Defaults tab The following sections describe the Defaults tab options under Administration Negative Regular Expressions Policy Defaults TrafficShield security application policies use expressions to check the existence of certain text strings in incoming requests as a way of identifying attacks For example you can use a set of regular expressions to verify that the request URI does include malicious content L2 Note Negative regular expressions means that requests whose content matches one of the regular expressions are considered ma
83. his number displays the number of requests that caused this violation Available actions for illegal query string or POST data Illegal parameter Accept Clicking the Accept button adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy It is possible to manually change the value of some of the parameters Clear Clicking Clear deletes the entry from this learning window without changing the policy A warning message appears asking to confirm the deletion Illegal Parameter Parameter Occurrences How Name Values Number C B pan fedex cho gt cer E fsexch pto city 1 The Illegal Parameter window lists the parameters that can appear in the request but are not defined for a specific flow TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 23 Chapter 6 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Flow This is the name of the Application Flow path which defines the access path leading from one object to another object Parameter Name This is the name of the undefined parameter Occurrences Values Number This field displays the number of illegal parameter occurrences If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an o
84. icy Properties button on the left navigation panel Editing the current policy s properties The Active policy is the policy that currently protects the web application and is always flagged with an icon F3 After applying a modification to a policy click the Save button The change is saved in the system but not yet saved to the policy At this stage an icon appears at the top of your screen notifying you about the modification Clicking the Update TrafficShield button saves the modification into the policy and removes the icon I Blocking Response Page TrafficShield security application has a default response page that it returns to the user in case the user request or the response returned by the web server is blocked by TrafficShield security application In this case the user can replace the default response page with a customized response page that he can define in the Blocking Response page section Blocking Response Page The response is an HTML page that you can build inside the TrafficShield security application or load into the TrafficShield security application after creating the page elsewhere Click the Show button to display the current blocking response page in a popup window To edit a response page 1 In the Blocking Response Page section click the Edit button The Blocking Response Page opens Policy Management Configuration 2 Upon Completion click OK to save your changes 3 Blocking Re
85. in French you can determine which characters are allowed when entering information in French data entered in a form that contains characters not included in the French character set as you have defined it will activate the Alarm Blocking mechanism Although the TrafficShield Application Firewall is shipped with default character sets for each such element you can change them if you want This section shows you how to enter such changes When building a policy you can further fine tune the character set for input languages Note The Character Sets are individual for each policy TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 47 Chapter 4 To build character sets 1 Click Policy Management gt Configuration 2 Click the Character Sets tab 3 In Select Char Set list open the list and select the application element or input language for which you want to define a valid character set The options are Allows you to determine the characters Option allowed in Object charset The name of the web object Parameter name Parameter names charset Headers charset The header section of an HTTP request Language names User input in a specific language For example if your Web application supports French and you select User Input French data typed in by Web application users in form fields is verified against the French character set Parameter Value Value section of the parameter value charset
86. ing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for illegal static parameter value Clear Click Clear to clear the specific entry from the learning window without changing the policy Clear All Click Clear All to clear all the entries from the learning window without changing the policy Click the parameter name link to accept the violation this will open a new window Illegal empty parameter value This window displays the list of parameters that violated the not null value definition The field was empty when it should have contained a value The decision whether a specific parameter can be left empty or not is dependent on the web application Illegal empty parameter value 2 Gear Parameter Name Parameter Flow REN UNNAMED amp parr finde pho car prre search php 201 pare findex pho cav BA prre search pho 31 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 25 Chapter 6 Parameter Name Lists the parameters where Value Error was found Parameter Flow This is the name of the parameter flow path which defines the access path leading from one object to another object Occur
87. ing all the policy in one screen is quite impossible TrafficShield security application includes several filters that enable you to query the policy in order to find the information you are looking for Some of these filters can be used to analyze suspicious policy states i e Object without flows Parameters with zero length etc Each report isolates a pre defined state and assists the user in identifying conflicts amp errors in the policy Configuration Policy Audit Tools Current User susu El http_https_1 Select http https 1 Filter Tool Type Select the Tool bjects marked with Don t check flows but suppose to check flows according to fle type bjects marked with check flows but do not suppose to check flows according to file type bjects marked as non referer but its fle type marked as referer ser input parameters with at least 1 allowed regular expression ser input parameters with at least 1 alowed meta char ser input parameters defined as numeric nteger fioat After having chosen the appropriate filter from the list click the Go button TrafficShield security application displays the results of the query 5 Crawler Crawler overview Populating the policy using the Crawler Configuring and launching the Crawler Crawler Learning tool Crawler Crawler overview This chapter explains how to configure start and manage the TrafficShield security application Crawler tool
88. ion are stored in plain text format Some requests may include user input such as a password or a credit card number that you may not want to store once the TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 5 Chapter 4 request has been processed a string of asterisks will be stored instead of the actual value You can avoid storing this sensitive data by entering the names of the input fields in the Sensitive Parameters sections Sensitive Params Parameter Name password To specify a sensitive parameter 1 Click Add The Add Sensitive Parameter box opens Add Sensitive Parameter Parameter If 2 In Parameter enter the name of a sensitive field Enter the name of the input field exactly as defined in the request For example http siterequest com bank php account 12345 If you defined the field account to be a sensitive parameter it will be displayed in the following manner bank php account XXXXX 3 Click OK Tip Upon installation a sensitive parameter called password is created by default Allowed modified cookies You can set the policy to ignore certain cookies included in the request even if they do not meet the expected criteria This is done in the Allowed Modified Cookies section by simply listing their names Policy Management Configuration To define an allowed cookie 1 Click the Add button The Add Allowed Cookie box opens Add Allowed Cookie Micros
89. ions 91 SCRIPT SELECT FROM exec xp exec dbo ODsys a Decc AOR 1 1 9 0R 1 1 0 93 f 2 AleMETA Edit the parameter as required Malicious parameter value This is the parameter that contains a regular expression value that is not defined as an allowed regular expression for this parameter Malicious parameter value 1 Cae ara 3 Parameter Name Parameter Flow D a Entry Point gt amp pero sexch pho Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name Lists the parameters where the malicious parameter value error occurred Parameter Flow This is the flow where the parameter value error occurred Occurrences Values Number This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation 2 126 271221261212512012512112113112812914013 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy e If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for malicious parameter value Clear Click Clear to clear the specific entry entries from this learning win
90. is object to other objects In simple mode most or all of the objects should be defined as non referrers since there are no real flows in simple mode policy Check Flow Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to test whether there is a legal flow in the policy to the requested object Accessible Objects List Object list that answers the filter criteria To open the Object Properties Window for a specific object in the list click the object link This window is divided into three parts Object Properties Flows to Object Dynamic Flows from Object Object properties This section defines the object flags as displayed in the upper level Web Objects tab Object Properties M Object Is Referrer Object Is Entry Point Check Hows to this Object Object can modiy Domain Cooke f Don t Block this Object TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 31 Chapter 4 Object is Referrer Check this box if this object may be treated as a referrer to other objects This is important in case there are flows in the policy from this object to other objects In simple mode most or all of the objects should be defined as non referrers since there are no real flows in simple mode policy Object is Entry Point Select this checkbox if the object should be treated as entry point In simple mode most or all of the objects should be defined as entry points Check Flows to this Object Che
91. it If your Web application has several entry points you can instruct the Crawler to scan the application from each entry point separately This is the advised method if your Web application site is combined from two or more unconnected parts Starting the Crawler using the Wizard The Crawler Wizard will guide the user through a configuration stage and enable starting the Crawler To access the Crawler Wizard 1 Under Policy Management click Policy Properties gt Build Tools 2 Click the Crawler icon E The Crawler wizard is launched and Crawler Step 1 page appears Crawler scheduling Step in Crawler Wizard You can run the Crawler manually or set it to run periodically You define this in the Crawler Scheduling section PT trawler Scheduling Internet bqwerer P P be TrafficShield uc Crawler Configuration Wizard Crawler Scheduling Help You can run the Gawler manually or you can instruct the Crawler to run periodically without user intervention Select the appropnate option Crawler Scheduling e Run on user request neve ST mires Note This interval takes effect only after the crawler bas run at least ence Sep 1 of 16 Crawler To configure and or start the Crawler 1 Select the relevant policy for which the Crawler settings will apply Policy Management gt Policies List 2 Click the Policy Properties tab or the EDIT button to open th
92. jects RegExp Object list relaxation section to learn how to define a less strict set of Web application objects Check Flows The Application Flow path is the defined access path leading from one object to another object Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to test whether the requested object from a given object type is a legal flow and is based on the flow properties and to check the parameters names and values If you clear this box when an object is added to the policy the check flow flag used in the policy for this object is turned off This flag as well as the other flag in this table is the default setting for a created object Is Referrer Check this box if objects of this object type may refer to other files For example HTML pages containing links to another file are referrers Pictures and sound files cannot be referrers because these objects never contain links to other objects and are not web pages Policy Management Configuration Length URI This field defines the maximum legal length of the object s full path for this object type Length Request This field defines the maximum legal length of the entire request for this object type Query String Included Check this checkbox if requests for objects of this object type may include user input in the query string part of the request If this checkbox is not selected then the length of the Query String for this obje
93. licious and therefore will generate a security alert and then be blocked by the TrafficShield security application according to that policy The use of negative regular expressions involves the following tasks Create a pool of regular expressions Apply the regular expression to the request component it is designed to check e g URI header Usethe regular expression in the policy The regular expressions become active only after you assign them to policies The sections that follow explain how to build the pool of expressions and how to associate them with request elements they are designed to check For details on how to actually assign the regular expressions see and Assigning Expressions on page 2 8 Creating a Pool of Regular Expressions When you create an expression it goes to a pool of expressions Subsequently you can select expressions from the pool and assign them to various application elements To create a regular expression 1 Click the Administration button 2 On the navigation panel under Configuration select Defaults The Regular Expressions page opens listing any expressions you may have defined previously The Security Policy Configuration Defaults Current User root Version 3 2 0 RegExp Pool Used RegExp Name RegExp Description 2 1 2 9 2 25 2 2 2 93 22 46 5 2 24 Directory Traversal 1 11 2 9 2 25 2 2 3 22 2 46 Directory Traversal 1 BEAN
94. licy regardless of whether their checkbox is selected or not A confirmation window is displayed Object Type link Clicking the Object Type link displays the object type length window php object type lengths Detected Length Type Current Max Detected Max Average Occurrences Accept Length Length Length Total Request Length 1075 2764 2764 0 1 3593 URI Length 14 16 15 5 2 zo Query String Length 5 67 222 6 7 POST Data Length 0 2016 2016 0 1 eco Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Length Type There are four length types The Total Request Length is the sum of the other three types Current Max Length The length set in the policy For example the Current Max Length column for URI Length row indicates the valid length defined in the policy for the URI section of the request TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 19 Chapter 6 Detected Max Length This value indicates the highest length value that has been detected for a specific policy object Detected Average Length This value indicates the average length value that has been detected for a specific length object If the average length is very different from the Max length this could indicate a problem that requires further investigation Occurrences This is the number of requests that have been rejected for violating the length constraints Clicking the number opens the Full Reques
95. life cycle To export a policy 1 In the Policy Management tool select the Policies List tab and click the Export button The Standard File Download dialog box opens File Download X 9 Some files can harm your computer If the file information below 4 looks suspicious or you do not fully trust the source do not open or save this file File name pb_install_linux_nowm bin File type BIN File From 192 168 111 229 Would you like to open the file or save it to your computer Open L sme Cancel More Info_ Always ask before opening this type of file 2 Click the Save button and save the policy file To import a policy 1 In the Policy Management tool select the Policies List tab and click the Import button The Import Policy page opens Configuration Policies List Current User root Import Policy For Web Application Decide automatically v Choose the Fe dm 2 Fill out the Import Policy page For Web Application To populate this field select one of the following Select Decide Automatically to assign the imported policy to the Web application from which it was exported Select another Web Application to assign the imported policy Choose the File In Choose the File use the browser to select the file to import 3 Click the Go button TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 21 Chapter 4 Copy a policy Note The imported policy appears in the Policies List
96. lowing information you can run the search in one or more of the sections described below Extract Parameter from Object Define the object on which TrafficShield security application will perform the check of the dynamic parameter You must define this object in the policy This object becomes automatically a referrer object Search In URL Check this box to instruct TrafficShield security application to search for the parameter value in the URL section of the request Search in Form Check this box to instruct TrafficShield security application to search for the parameter value in one of the forms n Form Index specify the HTML index of the form that contains the parameter n Parameter Index specify the HTML index of the input parameter in the form that contains it Search in XML Check this box to instruct TrafficShield security application to search for the parameter value in an XML block included in the request In the XPath box specify the XML tag path e g products lt productPrices gt productSalesPrice gt where to look for the value TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 43 Chapter 4 Search in Response Body Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to search for the parameter value between two specific strings in the body of the request Enter the following information Item Description Find All Occurrences Select this option to sea
97. lues that are characteristic of non harmful real life traffic The next step is to activate TrafficShield security application s Blocking Mode This can be done gradually as the policy is more mature and tested Through a set of simple checkboxes you tell TrafficShield security application what to block For example by activating the Illegal Object Type blocking TrafficShield security application will consider illegal any request referring to a file whose type is not included in the policy All the warnings that the Learning tool might return after you activate all of the desired blockings should be considered as potentially harmful behavior warnings For more information about warnings that are generated after a first revision of the policy was performed please refer to Chapter 4 Policy Management Configuration TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 3 3 Chapter 3 4 Policy Management Configuration Scope Add a new policy Policy properties Setting the active policy of a web application Blocking Policy table Other policy activities Flow properties Policy component editing Policy audit tools Policy Management Configuration Scope This chapter explains the procedure for creating a new policy Defining a web application automatically creates a default policy in the TrafficShield Management Station TSMS The default policy deals only with negative security violations
98. manually If the Web application includes objects of a type not listed here you can add them manually 1 In Object Types click the Add button The Add Object Type popup window opens aici xj Add Object Type Object type name Gees 2 Enter the file extension and click OK Type the extension without the period that appears in front of the extension 3 In the Object Types page review the flags and values and set the policy for this object type as explained above 4 To save the changes check the left checkbox next to the relevant entries and click the Save button Note In order to remove an object type check the left checkbox next to the relevant entries and click the Remove button All existing objects of this object type and all relevant flows and parameters will be removed from the policy Allowed objects RegExp Object list relaxation The object list for a specific object type is enforced by the TrafficShield security application For instance if the Check Object flag is set for a specific object any request containing an object that is not on the list will generate a non existent object violation Note This violation will be reported to the user according to the blocking policy This situation is inconvenient if the Web application is dynamic and the set of objects of a given object type changes frequently Adding and editing the object list manually or via the Learning process may
99. me Target This is the index of the HTML frame targeted by the flow It is not recommend that you change this value unless you know that you want to specifically load this object into a specific frame User Input User Input fields allow the user to enter a valid value that overrides the defaults The value 99 is a default frame index which indicates that the target object is loaded into the same frame as where the referrer object is presented An empty value in the Frame target is allowed and accepting this empty value accepts it automatically under the 99 value Click the magnifying glass icon next to the frame target value to open its screen Allow QS PD Check this box if a request that accesses the selected object via this specific flow may also carry a query string or POST method TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 13 Chapter 6 Check QS PD Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to perform validity checks on the query string or POST data if allowed in the previous step If you clear the checkbox the object can be requested from any place in the Web application or even when the user is outside the scope of the application Available actions for illegal flow to object Accept Clicking the Accept button adds the changes to the policy Accept means that you have decided that the request reflects a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy Clear
100. mn contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name The name of the parameter in which the illegal meta character was detected Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation Available actions for illegal meta character in object Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Illegal meta character in parameter value This violation is detected whenever a meta character is detected in the parameter value Illegal meta character in parameter value Parameter Value Occurrences O name_ca Jafua leep 2 London 1 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Value The parameter value in which the error value occurred Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Available actions for illegal meta character in parameter value Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy pattern in object This violation is displayed whenever an illegal pattern is detected in the Object Accepting an object that contains an illegal pattern deletes the regular expression the pattern detected in that object from the list of regular expressions defined for checking o
101. ms in the above list the user is asked whether he would like to permanently reject the item from learning This instructs the TrafficShield security application not to register duplicate identical requests in the Learning tables The deleted request goes to the Forensics gt Ignored Items screen To change the permanent ignore decision select the checkbox next to the relevant item and click the relevant Clear button The next time a new request causes a violation it will not be ignored and will appear in the corresponding Learning windows and the full request contents will be viewable in the Illegal Requests window Microsoft Internet Explorer This action wil delete al entries related to requests in Learning that were selected Are you sure you wart to delete these requests Cx Available actions for ignored items Close Close the window and return to the previous screen Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Run Auto Accept Run the Auto Accept function TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 5 Chapter 6 Glossary Glossary ARP Check Object Cookie DELETE Domain Name Dynamic Parameter Address Request Protocol a networking protocol A method for finding a host s IP address from its Ethernet address The sender broadcasts an ARP packet containing the IP
102. n please refer to Blocking Policy table on page 4 12 Disable Blocking See Blocking Policy table on page 4 12 Max HTTP Header Length The maximum allowed length for a header in a request processed by this policy The value can be defined manually by the user or by the Learning process By choosing the Any button any HTTP header length will be allowed Max Cookie Header Length The maximum length a cookie processed by this policy is allowed By choosing the Any button any Cookie header length will be allowed Flow Mode Two flow modes are available Simple and Advanced The Simple flow mode is the default mode By selecting the Simple button in the Flow mode area the user is instructing the TrafficShield system Crawler and Learning processes to create a simplified policy where all objects are defined as entry points By selecting the Advanced button in the Flow Mode area the user instructs TrafficShield system to automatically create the policy with a full flow mode Tip Always maintain the same Flow Mode option that was used to initially create a specific policy We do not recommended that you switch back and forth between Simple and Advanced flow modes TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 3 Chapter 4 Policy properties After creating a new policy for the web application the policy is saved and its properties appear in the Policy Properties tab which you can access by clicking the Pol
103. n Crawler Wizard Page not found criteria Microsoft Internet Explorer m TrafficShield Crawler Configuration Wizard Page not found criteria Shep 4 of 10 Help When a request to nan exsting page comes in Web applications return the standard HTTP 404 error page This page may be exploited to stage attacks To prevent this Web applications may use various error pages of their own so that ther content can be controlled and verified If your Web application uses such custom talored error pages specify how Trafficsnield can identify them Page Not Found Criteria Casa Apply To Serach Item No entries found Cie Cet Cone When a request to a non existing page comes in Web applications return the standard HTTP 404 error page This page may be exploited to stage attacks To prevent this some Web applications may use error pages of their own that don t return the HTTP 404 status code They do this so that their content can be controlled and verified If your Web application uses such custom tailored error pages you need to supply a text string that the pages contain so that the Crawler can identify them as a valid error message page and add it to the policy If the page not found criteria is not defined the Crawler will attempt to identify it by itself When an error occurs the policy makes sure that only an error page whose content is recognized is returned to the request s sender T
104. n all the Learning windows the fine tuning changes can be applied to a specific policy TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 1 Chapter 6 Learning duration Change 4 phoauction core fauit Accept Mode C Web Application The Learning fine tuning changes can also be applied to a Web application which will affect all related policies Change policy A phpauction core fautt Accept Mode C Policy Web Application In the Learning tool the System displays recommendations to the user on how to fine tune the policy Learning is not an analysis tool There are situations that will be recorded in the Forensic that will not be converted into a policy Note that the Learning tool saves Learning recommendations in the Learning tables at account level for the whole account If a policy is deleted the learning recommendations will be saved and displayed If you have several policies that are related to the same web application in order to build a policy you must first ensure that the policy is active and then select its radio button in the Policies List screen Policies List Cort History Caa ait Remove Policy Web Application Last Set Active Security Level Mode c Du Secret phoaaction core com NIA High APC last set by amp n E phoauction core com default v2 phpauction core com Standard Transparent 7905 04 17
105. nces Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Clear All To clear all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm the operation Illegal meta character in parameter value The parameter name contains a character that is set to N false or check in the Administration gt Character Sets gt User Input Defaults Illegal meta character in parameter value 1 Crear C Parameter Name Parameter Flow Er keys id B ndex cho eer gt E beowse pho X3 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name Lists the parameters where the illegal character in parameter value error occurred Parameter Flow This is the flow where the parameter value error occurred Occurrences Values Number This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for illegal meta char
106. ng a back button of the browser The defined access path for a browser to get from one object to another specific object A type of HTTP request that does not have a content body A process of making a policy more accurate by verifying how the policy complies with the traffic requests and if there are discrepancies between the policy and the traffic requests then translating these discrepancies into a suggestion for modifying the policy The learning phase also enables the system administrator to verify that the policy is not generating any false positives before turning on the blocking feature The learning process can be used to fine tune any policy component such as requests length parameters and values In case new objects are added in the Web application TrafficShield security application can learn those objects and their flows using the learning engine The length of the cookie The length of the Data that comes with a POST request The length of the Query string See Request Length The length of the URI in characters Glossary 2 Glossary Meta character Method Non Existent Object Object A character or a sequence of characters that has a special meaning lt SCRIPT gt SELECT INSERT lt The HTTP HTTPS request method e g GET POST HEAD PUT and DELETE The flow did not match the defined flows A file or a script that generates web pages on the web server that can be requ
107. nt that matches at least one negative regular expression should be dropped Each regular expression may be modified to apply to one of the following parts of the request response Request URI Request key value pairs Request header values Server Response data html body Policy Management Configuration Configuration Negative RegExp aont Une Dotty 1 Policy http bites 1 9 Negative RegExp Casa DG MU meg Avoir Character sets The TrafficShield security application can be set to allow certain characters to appear in certain sections of a request For example you can allow letters digits and the slash in a path to an object but exclude the character from it Such exclusion causes TrafficShield security application to apply the Alarm Blocking policy to the request that contains the excluded character Character sets can be defined for header values object paths and user input key value pairs For example a path to an object may include the character but not the name of a parameter Therefore a set should be defined for paths which allows the character and another set should be defined for parameters which excludes the character In addition you can define the valid character set for the data expected to be entered by the Web application users in a supported language For example if your application contains a form where users can type information
108. ntry specifies The method used to access the target object The number of known input parameters in A protocol to request the target object Colorization of the targeted objects is used to differentiate between the Is Referrer flag settings Brown flag set to true Green flag set to false 8 Click the Application Flow tab You see a list of all flows Configuration Application Flow Current User susu amp Eo ns Flow amp HTTPS ochve_suchors pho gt GET gt amp HTTPS browse pho Flow Structure 7 Allow Query String or POST Data 9 Check Query String or POST Data Number of Mandatory Parameters 0 Frame Target 1 List of Flow Parameters asa save Remove C Parameter Name Parameter Type Dee Y ID TUNER Static content value submit o a Du Static content value select D 1 The TrafficShield security application allows the user to view and edit the Query String and the POST Data The flow parameters configuration is only accessible from these windows TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 37 Chapter 4 Flow structure Allow Query String or POST Data Check this box if a request that accesses the selected object via this specific flow may also carry a query string or POST data Check Query String or POST Data Check this box to instruct TrafficShield security application to perform validity checks on the qu
109. oft 2 In Cookie Name enter the name of an allowed cookie Enter the name of a cookie exactly as it is expected to appear in the request 3 Click OK Allowed methods TrafficShield security application accepts certain methods upon installation The default methods are listed in this section when you first access it See example below TrafficShield security application considers as invalid all requests that use HTTP methods other than those listed in the Allowed Methods section You can set other HTTP methods valid by adding them to the list Allowed Methods Method Name Act As Method Check Trusted IP s for extended methods GET GET NO HEAD GET NO POST POST NO To allow an additional method 1 Click Add 2 The Add Allowed Method window opens 3 Enter the new method s information and click OK to save and return to the Policy properties window Or To exit the window without saving the information click Cancel Method Name Select the name of an allowed method Act as Method Select the mode of operation allowed for the additional method TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 7 Chapter 4 Check trusted IPs for extended methods Select the Check trusted IPs for extended methods checkbox to allow this additional method only if it appears in requests sent by one of the trusted IPs Clearing this checkbox will make the method valid in all incoming requests
110. ogout page will be added to the policy To define a logout point 1 Click the Add button A new empty line of Logout Pages is added 2 In Logout Pattern URL enter the relative path of the logout page 3 Click OK Properties Step 6 in Crawler Wizard The Properties section provides additional instructions to the Crawler For example you can instruct the Crawler to analyze Java Script code included in the Web Application or to skip it To specify properties 1 Enter the information described in the sections below 2 Upon completion click the Save button in the Properties window to save your entries TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 7 Chapter 5 Analyze JavaScript 1 a S TrafficShield Crawler Configuration Wizard Crawler Properties Step 6 of 10 Help This section provides additional instructions to the Crawler For example you can instruct the Crawler to analyze JavaScript code induded in the Web Application or to sap it Property Value Analyze java script F Accept untrusted SSL certificates 22 Create back flows F Create cache flows F Minima delay between worm requests to web appication in sec Number of threads to be used by the crawler Number of times the crawler fetches requests 1 with the same structure Maximum number of requests generated for each form by the form iterator Emulate browser Microsoft IE
111. olicy You do not have to activate all of the available blockings To set blocking categories 1 From Policy Management gt Policies List select the relevant policy 2 Click the Policy Properties tab on the left side menu or the Edit button above the policy list to open the Policy Properties window The properties displayed belong to the currently chosen policy 3 In Security Level select one of the standard levels or select Custom if this security level already exists The Standard level provides minimal blocking and the High Security level provides comprehensive blocking The Alarm Block set of flags of both levels may be edited and saved as a Custom security level The rest of this procedure relates to the Custom option If you want to disable blocking temporarily check the Disable Blocking checkbox in the Policy Properties tab clearing the box reactivates the selected blockings 4 Go over each blocking category and define what the TrafficShield security application should do when an illegal request matches the category s definitions The options are TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 17 Chapter 4 Alarm Check the Alarm checkbox to instruct the TrafficShield security application to only post an alarm to the Security Events log and the Learning pages without blocking the Web application user Block This option acts like Alarm but the request that triggered the violation is blocked
112. omprehensive list of violations groups appears Learning Real Traffic Currant User susu Learning for Policy craw_copy Update TrafficShield Change poky z Accept Mode Poly C Web Application Select all violations Access Violations Learning of Megal object type Non existent object iega flow to object mega method Length Violations Leaming of Length Errors Input Violations Learning of Query String or POST Data Megal Parameter static parameter value empty parameter value parameter value length Illegal parameter numeric value Illegal parameter data type Illegal meta character in parameter value Malicious parameter value a ajia a Negative Security Violations Learning of meta character in header value meta character in object Hiegal meta character in parameter name Megal meta character in parameter value pattern in object Megal pattern in response T Megal pattern in header value Megal pattern in user input Cookie Violations Learning of Occurrences Modified Domain Cookies 0 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 5 Chapter 6 Violation grouping e Note The M that appears in the top menu next to the Policy name indicates that a modification has been done to the policy Although all ch
113. on to check requests that refer to it or you can enter regular expressions to enhance the checks Most of the modifications made to a policy are typically done through the Learning tables For example you can add a missing object through a single click once the Learning process has determined that the object should be part of the policy Refer to the beginning of this chapter for more details on the Learning process Adding Object types The Object Types tab lists the existing file types in the protected Web site For example a list of valid object types for a specific policy could be GIF JPG and HTML only If your policy contains the above list then any request for a PDF file would be considered illegal The extensions are listed here to enable you to decide how the policy should react to requests that refer to files that have these extensions Each entry in the table is composed from the object type and the object type s set of flags and values When adding a new object to the policy this set of flag and values is the default settings applied to the object Note A special entry of no_ext file type is created in the object type table to handle the following cases Objects with no file extension and Objects with file extensions longer than 8 characters Configuration Object Types Curent User root PAErrors Select PAEmos Object Types Casi see remo na ous k Length Query String POST Data Check je
114. onse Violation triggering is done by setting the Check Response flag of a specific object type to true Evaluates to a negative regular expression applied to the Key value pairs Test is done on user input for both POST and GET methods 4 l6 Policy Management Configuration During the Learning stage the alarms should diminish At this point you can be confident that all missing objects have been added and other attributes are attuned to real life traffic requirements The blocking mode should be activated only after monitoring traffic without any Learning alarms for several days The trigger for activating the Blocking mode is any point in time that the user can reasonably assume that the policy is accurate meaning all resources are present and all attribute values meet the requirements of legitimate real life traffic and therefore any further alarm should be considered as suspicious After activating the blocking mechanism illegal requests may continue to appear in the Learning pages you can still accept their suggestions if they are justified or you can alternatively clear them out Blocking by categories Blocking is implemented by instructing the TrafficShield security application on which violation to block the request For example by setting the Block flag on Illegal file types you instruct the TrafficShield security application to block a request if it tries to access an object of a type not included in the p
115. onsidered illegal The Security Policy The policy build tools The policy is an intelligent map of your Web application It contains not only a list of the files included in the Web application but also other data such as the types of the files the length of some crucial strings allowed value ranges for parameters and the relationships links between the files and the parameters passed from one file to another in a specific link You do not build this complex map yourself which would be a tedious undertaking especially if the Web application is updated frequently TrafficShield security application provides the following tools for building this map The Policy Browser collects important information about the site that the Crawler later uses while scanning the application The user simply browses the application with it The browser saves to a file the browsing information it encounters The Crawler scans your application and builds a list of existing object types objects flows parameters and parameter value attributes including objects generated by client side Java Script code It can also use as input the file created by the Policy Browser The Learning mechanism can analyze traffic from sources such as real live traffic and the Crawler The Policy Management graphical user interface allows you to see the entire policy built for the Web application It is a visual representation of the application flow model w
116. ort Regulation Notice This product may include cryptographic software Under the Export Administration Act the United States government may consider it a criminal offense to export this product from the United States Export Warning This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures FCC Compliance This equipment generates uses and may emit radio frequency energy The equipment has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of FCC rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such radio frequency interference Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference Any modifications to this device unless expressly approved by the manufacturer can void the user s authority to operate this equipment under part 15 of the FCC rules Canadian Regulatory Compliance This class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian I CES 003 Standards Compliance The product conforms to ANSI UL 60950 1 2002 1st edition and Certified to CAN CSA C22 2 No 60950 1 3 first edition TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction PRODUCE OVE
117. pplication Crawler configuration settings Step 9 in Crawler Wizard This page displays the Crawler settings you defined in previous pages To modify the configuration click the Back button until you reach the relevant step and modify the data F Crawler Configuration Summary Microsoft Internet Explorer TrafficShield 5 Crawler Configuration Wizard Shep 3 of 10 Help This page displays the Crawler settings you defined in previous pages Run on user request http phpauction core com Parameter name TPL address Parameter type text nput Parameter value Parameter name TPL birthdate Parameter type text input Parameter value Parameter name TPL rater nick Parameter type text nput E Cine Coane If the settings are correct at this stage you should click the Finish button and run the Crawler To manually configure the Crawler 1 Click the Settings button The Crawler settings window appears Each group of parameters is displayed in a separate box 2 Enter the Crawler settings as described in the previous sections 5 12 Crawler 3 Return to Policy Properties by clicking the Back button located on the upper left side of the policy properties window Data collection with policy browser The Policy Browser collects data that the Crawler can later use as a sort of fine tuning input The Policy Browser also overcomes browsing obstacle
118. rafficShield security application can recognize an error page by its filename or by text included in its TITLE or lt BODY gt Tip In re direct cases The Crawler always follows the re direct link The Crawler identifies the page behind the link and avoids the link if the identified page is included in the Page Not Found list To identify a customized error page 1 Click the Add button A new empty line of page not found criteria is added 2 In Apply to select one of the following options to identify the error page Full Object Name Its full file name In Search Item enter the file name Crawler HTML Title The text entered in its TITLE section In Search Item enter the text HTML Body Any string of text that appears in its BODY section In Search Item type the string 3 In Search Item enter the indicated value and click OK Logout pages Step 5 in Crawler Wizard If the Web application contains a page designed to log the Web application visitor out you need to instruct the Crawler not to follow the logout link as this will cause the Crawler to log out of the application before has fully scanned the application In fact many Web applications have an exit or logout link right in their home page which would cause the Crawler to exit as soon as it enters the application To prevent this use the Logout Pages section to identify the logout points that the Crawler should avoid e Note The l
119. rch for all occurrences of the value Limit to Occurrences Select this option to search fore the first x occurrences of the value Specify the number of occurrences to find Match Prefix Enter the string that constitutes the starting point of the search in the request body RegExpValue Enter a regular expression that describes the searched value and parameter name if necessary Suffix Enter the string that constitutes the ending point of the search in the request body Value characteristics for user input values Select this option if the parameter accepts input from the user For example it may be applied to html text area input box etc This option allows you to set the value s data type and to define the characters it may contain eia http https 1 Add Parameter Save Parameter Name C Is Mandatory Parameter Allow Empty Value Parameter Type User input value x Input Type textAnput v Parameter Characteristics Data Type Alpha Numerc Engish Check Minimum Value Check Maximum Value C Check Maximum Length C Regular Expression Allowed Meta Characters C Allowed Regular Expressions 000 2 lt 5 gt 0 7 SELECT FROM 021 Aexec xp_ amp 0x26 exec dbo Snare 0x20 Policy Management Configuration Data Type Select the type of the parameter value By selecting a type you instruct the TrafficShield security application
120. remove a policy provided that the policy is not active To remove a policy 1 Select Policy Management gt Policies List 2 Select the relevant policy to remove by checking the radio button at the left of the policy name Configuration Policies List Current User root Policies List Remove Policy Web Application Security Level Last Set Active phpauction siterequest com Custom prse ed ipic root active now last set by root O P P2 j Cus PaAErors_ phpauction2 siterequest com ustom PAREL IAR 3 Click the Remove button You are asked to confirm the policy removal 4 Click OK to remove the policy Note You cannot remove an policy that is currently active Since it is not possible to deactivate an already activated policy you must return to Administration Web Application and make active another policy that belongs to the same Web Application Only then you can return to the Policies List tab and remove the relevant policy If the policy you want to remove is the only policy related to this Web Application you will need to remove the Web Application Policy Management Configuration Export Import a policy There are different reasons for using the Export Import policy The export import feature can be used to export a policy and then import it assigning it to a different Web application in the process This feature can also be used as a sort of backup and roll back point in the policy
121. rences O scnpt cross site scrptng 1 The list of legal patterns that is used to check the user input request is in the Configuration gt Negative RegExp under Configuration in the Policy Management section Accepting a user input that contains an illegal pattern deletes the regular expression found in the user input from the list for the Configuration gt Negative RegExp default list in the Policy Management section Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry User Input The parameter key and value pair in which the illegal pattern was detected TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 41 Chapter 6 Occurrences The number of occurrences of the violation Available actions for Illegal pattern in user input Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Cookie violations Cookie Violations Learning of Occurrences 7 Objects That Modified Domain Cookies 2 This category contains one section Objects that modified domain cookies Modified domain cookies This violation category is divided into two cookie violation sub categories Modified Domain Cookies and Objects That Modified Domain Cookies Modified Domain Cookies C oer Cookie Name Occurrenc
122. rences Values Number This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Available actions for illegal empty parameter value Clear Click Clear to clear the specific entry from the learning window without changing the policy Clear All Click Clear All to clear all the entries from the learning window without changing the policy Illegal parameter value length Note This violation is relevant only for the Parameter Type User Input Value Illegal parameter value length 2 Curr Max Detected Max Occurrences Parameter Name Value Length Value Length Values Number Accept 8 44 s Ca Oa 4 6 10 6 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Parameter Name Lists the parameters where the illegal parameter Value length error occurred Current Max Value Length The maximum length value permitted for this parameter Detected Max Value Length The maximum length value permitted for this parameter Occurrences Values Number This number displays the number of reques
123. rently protected is called the active security policy You need to set the active security policy in the following cases Before opening the Web application to user traffic for testing or for regular business Every time that you enter a change in the policy If you do not re activate the policy the latest changes are not reflected to the Web application A policy that has not been activated after it has been modified is marked with the icon Whenever you switch from one policy to another see section below To activate a policy 1 Access the Management screen 2 Click the Update TrafficShield button in the upper right corner of the screen The currently edited policy is activated policies In the Policy Management module you can edit any existing policy and switch between policies while working in the following pages Policies List Policy Properties Object Types Web Objects Application Flow Negative RegExp Character Sets Policy Audit Tools In these pages the following section appears at the top of the page below the Update TrafficShield button n Current policy phpauction magnifire com copy v2 Updateirratffics nier Change policy AERAN ala To switch between policies From the Change Policy drop down list of existing policies select the one you want You can now view its settings edit it or set it as the active policy 4 10 Policy Management
124. ries from this learning window without changing the policy Object link Click the Object link to view the cookie contents Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Forensics This section explains how the user can review all the requests that caused at least one violation error Each request is mapped to the learning tables and the user can locate the full content of the specific request in order to do further investigation and to have a better understanding of the problem All the requests that violate the policy settings always go to the Illegal Requests table in the Forensics section The other Forensic tables store requests that meet specific criteria i e defined as containing components that were defined by the user as illegal You can select multiple forensic entries using the Forensic filters tool located at the top of all the Forensics windows Forensics Ignored Requests Current User root Policy PAErrors Learning Accept Mode Policy Web Application Filter rater By Tme Show Al Request Contains Siow Illegal requests You can view requests that contradict the policy in the Illegal Requests window In addition these requests are automatically categorized according to their content and registered in the appropriate Learning tables as well For example a request for an illegal flow is registered in Forensics Illegal Requests and also in Learning Undefined Flows
125. root defaut v1 wwwkabu com at 2006 49 29 Standard Transparent je liit set by 2004 E www terrae 010 su at 20084924 Mh Securty Transparent Note A green icon next to a policy indicates that this policy is active A red icon M indicates that the policy has been modified and you must click the Update TrafficShield button to implement the change into the policy Roll back to a previous policy version This feature enables you to revert to previously saved policy versions To roll back to a previously saved policy version 1 Select Policy Management gt Policies Properties The list of policies appears 2 Select a policy 3 Click the History button The previously saved versions of the selected policy appear in the History page of the policy EQ curent policy crawler hadash v3 History for crawler hadash Select Version Activated At Active Until C vi 2005 03 24 08 34 02 2005 03 24 12 52 35 O 2 2005 03 24 12 52 35 2005 03 24 14 58 41 v3 2005 03 24 14 59 41 N A 4 Select the appropriate version and click the Restore button A new policy is created according to the selected policy version The previously active policy version is not deleted but saved as a version Upon clicking Restore the selected policy version becomes automatically the active policy TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 23
126. roperly submit forms for example user name passwords etc Sometimes the fields names are not self explanatory and you will need to consult the web application programmer If you know what crucial parameters and values should be defined before running the Crawler the first time you can enter them to help the Crawler utilize the Web application on the first run To use this feature you specify the names and data types of the fields as well as the values the Crawler should enter in them Crawler F Form Filler s Crawler Configuration Wizard Step 3 of 10 Microsoft Internet Explorer Help IC rm forms in the same way users do For each form field the crawler wil encounter enter the appropnate information Form Fillers Parameter Value T fete 1 e Die je EU rmes jea E Dm J oe je E TUN CNENENEEER rme ew CBE Ca 8 Cem To add a customized parameter In the Custom Parameters section click Add An empty line is displayed 2 In Parameter Name and Parameter Type specify the name of the field and its data type 3 In Parameter Value specify the value you want the Crawler to enter in the field 4 Click OK The Page not found criteria page appears TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 5 Chapter 5 Page not found criteria Step 4 i
127. s The data is collected by simply browsing the application as you would browse it with a regular browser The browsing information processed by the browser is stored in a file It is advisable to use the Policy Browser extensively and let it collect as much data as possible to later help the Crawler create a more accurate policy For instructions on how to download the policy browser and how to create the input file refer to the Downloads section in Chapter 6 Administration of the rafficShield Installation and Configuration Manual Version 3 2 Running the Crawler Manually To manually start the Crawler 1 Select the relevant policy for which the Crawler settings will apply from the Policy Management gt Policies List 2 Open the policy for editing by selecting the policy you want to work on and clicking on the Policy Properties tab or the EDIT button 3 In Build Tools click the Crawler s Start button The Run Crawler dialog box opens Run Crawler C Run Crawler wth Browser output file F Store resuts in crawl leaming No polcy update 4 Select the appropriate options and click Run Crawler to run the Crawler or click Cancel to exit without running the Crawler Run Crawler Choosing this radio button runs the Crawler as is without the additional information supplied by the Policy Browser Run Crawler with policy browser output file Run the Crawler and also use Web application details pre r
128. s This affects the Learning stage as well For more details please refer to Ignored requests on page 6 48 TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 5 15 Chapter 5 5 16 6 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Overview Access violations Length violations Input violations Negative security violations Cookie violations Forensics Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Overview After automatically generating a policy using the Crawler and making any manual changes needed you are ready to test and refine the policy in real life conditions through the Learning tool and the Policy editing tools This chapter explains how to use the Learning tool to adapt the policy to real life traffic requirements It also covers the Policy editing feature which allows you to view and manually adjust the entire security policy Learning tool The Learning tool was created so you could fine tune the Crawler created security policies This is relevant both for the first activation of the TrafficShield security application and as an ongoing tool as well In each case the Learning screens are actually suggesting changes to the policy which would include all future requests of this nature You can accept objects or flows that were rejected by the TrafficShield security application and reject changes to the policy that were caused by actual attacks which were screened out
129. s Roasts save remove Caer Gear o Ime Requested Obiect Response Source IP X 2004 12 06 11 18 06 yolondediing of 304 192 168 111 122 X 2006 12 06 11 17 52 uclonded ogo of 3 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 17 20 HTTP af 304 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 17 18 HTTP cloaded looo af 304 192 168 111 122 2004 12 06 11 17 15 HTTP ucloaded oqo gf 304 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 17 14 HTTP of 304 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 11 11 HTTP Amansio at 200 192 168 111 122 X 2006 12 06 11 11 11 eagesiestrela 2 00 200 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 11 11 MTTP 6 200 192 168 111 122 X 2004 12 06 11 09 03 foroctpassved pho 200 192 168 111 122 Pages first 4 5 7 8 73 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Blocked column The second column may contain a red X which indicates that this request was blocked Time Date and Time of request Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Type Protocol of the request HTTP HTTPS Requested Object This field displays the requested URI Note Click a specific object to view the full contents of the request and the View Full Request Information window is displayed Response This field is the server HTTP response status Source IP This is the IP address of the client machine tha
130. s responding to your choice is displayed Configuration Web Objects Current User susu http https 1 Select http https 1 Filter URL Inchude Object ot 24 objects found Web Application Objects Site Map CEA 7 488 save 7 Remove aay 15 Check Accessible ts List m Referrer Flow Objects E perro Oct gag I perros images estrela 0 04 nir Ronw Imagei iestrela Laf Lot perro dmaneciostets 20 Borm irugeslestrel 2 gt I pem 2 0 o A prs mageslestela 2 04 E perro 4 at oo perros 4 4 URL Include Filter bar Use this field to view a subset of the object list For example type a string to list all the objects containing this string Policy Management Configuration Note Each object in the list has a prefix which indicates the protocol HTTP HTTPS through which this object may be requested This may cause the same object to be displayed twice in the object list if relevant to both protocols Tip This search is case sensitive Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Is Entry Point Select this checkbox if the object should be treated as entry point In simple mode most or all of the objects should be defined as entry points Is Referrer Check this box if this object may refer to other objects This is important in case there are flows in the policy from th
131. s the HTTP method used in the Request For more details refer to RFC 2610 HTTP Occurrences This field displays the number of illegal flow to object violation Occurrences If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 15 Chapter 6 e If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request Frame Target This is the index of the HTML frame targeted by the flow It is not recommend that you change this value unless you know that you want to specifically load this object into a specific frame User Input User Input fields allow the user to enter a valid value that overrides the defaults An empty value in the Frame target is allowed and accepting this empty value accepts it automatically under the 1 value Click the magnifying glass icon next to the frame target value to open its screen Allow QS PD Check this box if a request that accesses the selected object via this specific flow may also carry a query string or POST method Check QS PD Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to perform validity checks on the query string or POST data if allowed in the previous step Available actions for illegal entry point Accept
132. sponse Page Microsoft Internet Explorer Response Type Custom Response Response Code 200 Past your HTML code here htmi lt head gt ctitie Request Rejected lt title gt lt head gt lt body gt The requested URL was rejected Please consult with your administrator lt body gt lt html gt Response Type This field defines the type of response page that will be displayed to the user If you select the default response you can see its HTML code but you cannot change it The possible values that can be selected here are Default Response This is the default web page in the TrafficShield security application Redirect URL This means that instead of a web page the TrafficShield security application returns to the user an HTTP redirect URL Custom Response This means that the user has defined that this is the page the TrafficShield security application will returned to the user Response Code The HTTP response code returned to the user We recommend that you not change the HTTP response code Paste your HTML code here You can either paste or type the page s HTML code into the Paste your HTML code here field Or upload a file in the next field Upload HTML file Use the browser button to select the HTML file that will serve as the response page and click the Upload button to load the file as the response page Sensitive parameters Incoming requests validated by TrafficShield security applicat
133. ss Violations Filter Description Violation Illegal HTTP format Non RFC request Not RFC compliant cookie Filter Request line is illegal in the following cases Method resource or HTTP version is missing HTTP version is not HTTP 1 0 or HTTP 1 1 Host header is missing the method in the request See Allowed methods on page 4 7 Binary Data in the user input contradicts user input type or method Cookie format does not follow RFC Description Illegal access to method by not allowed IP Illegal domain Web Application Illegal entry point Illegal flow to object Illegal method Illegal object type Non existent object TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Request was received from a Client IP that is not allowed to use the method in the request See Allowed methods on page 4 7 Host header value doesn t match any of the Web application FQDNs or Aliases defined in the TSMS The requested resource is not an acceptable entry page to the Web Application The transition from the previous resource to the requested one is illegal The method is not defined in the policy properties as an allowed method Requested resource type extension is not defined in the policy Requested object is not listed in the policy To better understand please refer to Non existent object on page 6 10 4 13 Chapter 4 Length violations Filter Description
134. st of Flow Parameters section in the Web Application tab Note The window contains two sections In the top section Add Parameter the Parameter s general information is entered The selected parameter type automatically changes the appearance and content of the bottom section For example if you choose to add a parameter of a static content value type the bottom section will display the Parameter Static Values screen Optional parameter types Don t Check Value Select this option if you do not want TrafficShield security application to check the parameter value at all If you choose this option no bottom section appears in the window e Note A parameter defined as Don t Check Value must have a value in the request The TrafficShield security application will not check its validity but it will check its existence To disable this functionality check the Allow Empty Value box this makes sure that empty parameters are also allowed Static Content Value Select this option if users must select the value from a pre defined list of values such as values found in a drop down list or a list of values accessed via radio buttons When this option is selected the Parameter Static Values section appears TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 4 Chapter 4 Configuration Application Flow Current User susu Clhttp_https_1 Add Parameter Carve Parameter Name O Is Mandatory Parameter
135. t Information window that contains all the technical details of all the violations related to the longest request User Input User Input fields allow the user to enter a valid value that overrides the defaults Actions available for accept requests lengths Accept Choose the Accept button on the relevant length type row if you decide that the returned statistics reflect a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy You can also decide to manually define the new length in the user input field in the Accept column The decision should be based on an in depth understanding of your Web application Accept All Choose the Accept All button if you decide that all the length types displayed reflect a real life situation that warrants a change in the policy You can also decide to manually define all new lengths in the user input fields in the Accept column The decision should be based on an in depth understanding of your Web application To return to the Real Traffic tab Click the arrow button at the top left corner Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Header length errors Header Length Errors Current Detected Detected Header Type Max Average Occurrences Set Max Length Value Length eng Length Cooke Header 1 270 267 2 72 C ary Length psi HTTP Header 1 278 63 4 791 C Any Length Bei There are two possible Header length violations HTTP Header Cookie Header Checkboxes
136. t Type Length Errors crear p Object Total Request Length URI Length Query String Length POST Data Length Type Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences af 19 7 0 0 no ext 2 1 0 0 oho 2 0 3 2 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Object Type Select the checkbox for the relevant Object file types that you want to clear If you want to define and accept this object type length you will need to click the relevant Object type link and the Requests Lengths for object type window will be displayed For more details see Actions available for accept requests lengths on page 6 20 Total Request Length Occurrences The Total Request Length is the sum of the URI Query string and POST data lengths in a specific request 6 18 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy URI Length Occurrences The maximum URI length received from all the requests for this object type Query String Length Occurrences The maximum Query string length received from all the requests for this object type POST Data Length Occurrences The maximum Post data length received from all the requests for this object type Available actions for object type length errors Clear Deletes the checked entries from this learning window without changing the policy A confirmation window is displayed Clear All Deletes all entries from this learning window without changing the po
137. t issued the request Available actions for ignored requests Ignored items Clear Clicking Clear deletes the checked entries from this learning window without changing the policy The following confirmation window is displayed Microsoft Internet Explorer This action wil delete all entries related to requests in Learning that were selected p Are you sure you want to delete these requests Clear All Clicking Clear All deletes all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm this Viewing the Full Request Information window You can access this window from both the Learning and the Forensic areas Following is an example of the type of information displayed when you choose to open this window This section explains the origin of the items listed in the Ignored Items window TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 49 Chapter 6 Filter Ignored Items for Web Application phoaucton magrtre com Ignored Object Types Type of Ignored Objects Object D Bem AJ metae C Bl armo forgtpaeed cho Ignored Flows flow B perm ielo E sel cro D paro sel cro a 9 8 rm fel cto While using the Learning capabilities to fine tune the policy object types objects and flows may be either accepted or cleared When a user chooses to clear any of the ite
138. th Navigation Parameter 7 3 In Select Object select of the following Any Object If the Web application consists of just one physical page the index page select Any Object Object Path If the Web application contains physical pages and dynamic page building starts from one of them select Object Path and enter the URL of that object 4 In Navigation Parameter enter the name of the parameter passed to the Web server for page building purposes Policy specific negative regular expressions When you create a new policy the policy automatically inherits all of the negative regular expressions defined in the Administration tool and these expressions are listed in this tab Existing policies do not inherit expressions that have been created after them You can add policy specific negative regular expressions by choosing the tab under Configuration gt Negative RegExp and add them just like adding default regular expressions For more details see Assigning Expressions on page 2 8 Tip Violations created due to negative regular expressions are related to illegal pattern violations TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 9 Chapter 4 Setting the active policy of a web application Switching between At any given time TrafficShield security application enforces only one of the available security policies The security policy according to which the Web application is cur
139. the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm the operation Illegal parameter data type This screen shows parameters whose data type is different from the data type defined for them in the policy Illegal parameter data type 1 Gear aii Occurrences Parameter parameter Flow Values Data Type in Policy Accept Neme Number amp pare Index php gt GET gt 89 Alpha Numeric English HTTP sexch pho Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Parameter Name Lists the parameters where the illegal parameter data length error occurred Parameter Flow This is the flow where the parameter value error occurred Occurrences Values Number This number displays the number of requests and values that caused this violation e If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 29 Chapter 6 Data Type in Policy This field displays the data type that was detected by the value error Available actions for illegal parameter data type Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurre
140. tml tags for example lt h3 gt Flows2Object lt h3 gt RegExp Value This field defines a set of objects in the above mentioned dynamic group Suffix The suffix is similar to the prefix For example lt form name dynamic flows gt Note The Prefix and Suffix settings instruct the TrafficShield security application of the boundaries that enclose the set of dynamic object links in a page The TrafficShield system uses the RegExp value as a pattern to evaluate each object in the set between the boundaries Policy Management Configuration Adding a Web object To add an object manually 1 If you want to manually add an object without running the Crawler again click the Add button and the Add New Object window opens 2 In the Object Path field enter the full resource path starting with the slash 3 In the Protocol field specify the protocol to be used to access the object 4 In the Web Objects tab review and edit the flags and values for the new object 5 Check the modified entry checkbox and click the Save button Removing a Web object To remove an object 1 In the Web Application Objects list check the relevant objects to be removed 2 Then click the Remove button You will be asked to confirm the removal Displaying web application flow model To show the objects flows 1 Select the checkbox corresponding to the objects you want details on 2 Click the Show
141. to consider as invalid any request that contains data of a different type for this parameter Select To limit the value to Alpha Numeric Any text consisting of letters digits and the underscore language character Integer Whole numbers only no decimals Decimal Numbers only including decimals E mail Text in e mail address format only Phone Text in telephone number format only Select the Don t check option if you do not want the TrafficShield security application to check the type of the parameter value Check Minimum Value For numeric parameters of Integer Decimal types you can set a minimum value A request that passes a parameter with a lower value is then considered illegal To set the minimum value check the box and enter the value Check Maximum Value For numeric parameters of Integer Decimal types you can set a maximum value A request that passes a parameter with a higher value is then considered illegal To set the maximum value check the box and enter the value Check Maximum Length This attribute applies to all data types except the Don t check parameter type By setting a maximum length for parameters you prevent unauthorized access via parameter values that have an unexpected length For example you can limit the length of an alpha numeric value to 4 characters if it is never expected to contain more than 4 letters and thus instruct the TrafficShield security application to consi
142. tring or POST data are allowed for the flow on the request check this checkbox to enforce parameter and name validation Frame Target This is the index of the HTML frame targeted by the flow We do not recommend that you change this value unless you know that you want to specifically load this object into a specific frame Note The value 99 is a default frame index which means that the target object is loaded into the same frame as where the referrer object is presented TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 33 Chapter 4 Dynamic flows from object Some flows cannot be defined upfront because the web site involves a constantly changing set of objects For example a zone of the application where various users store files that they can access later involves unpredictable flows from the user personal archive page since the users remove or add files daily In such cases you can use the Dynamic Flows from Object section to legalize access to the changing sets of files Dynamic Flows from Object Prefix Regtxp Value Suffix dass nounderined gt After adding a dynamic flow from object the object becomes a referrer object and the is referrer checkbox is automatically selected Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Prefix This field is a fixed substring of the html source page It may be a name of a section in combination with h
143. ts and values that caused this violation If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request User Input User Input fields allow the user to enter a valid value that overrides the defaults Available actions for illegal parameter value length Accept To accept the violation case and make it legal for future occurrences Clear To clear the specific entry entries from this learning window without changing the policy Clear All To clear all entries from this learning window without changing the policy regardless of whether they are checked or not You will be asked to confirm the operation TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 6 27 Chapter 6 Illegal parameter numeric value The Illegal Parameter Numeric Value screen lists the errors that may occur for the request parameters values if the defined parameter is decimal or integer in the policy This window provides statistical information regarding the types of parameter numeric value problems that have been detected Illegal parameter numeric value 1 Current Detected C Parameter Name Mn Max Mn Max NN nb Min Max Accept Oa 5 123 8 234 2 2 8 234 Checkboxes The first column
144. ty value Adding manually a new application flow This section explains how to add a new Application flow Click OK after entering the new flow s information and click the Save button to save your changes To manually add a flow 1 Choose the Policy Management gt Configuration gt Web Objects tab 2 Check the relevant object to which you want to add a new flow definition 3 Click the Add button The Add New Flow window opens C Entry Pont Object Path Protocol HTTP gt Method Select Method Frame Target Referrer Object Referrer Object There are two possible referrer object types Entry Point Choose this option if the object to which the flow should be added is an entry point Object Path Choose this option and specify the referrer object path from which the target object should be accessed Protocol Specify the protocol type by which the target object should be accessed Method Choose the method by which the target object should be accessed TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 Chapter 4 Frame Target This is the index of the HTML frame targeted by the flow We do not recommend that you change this value unless you know that you want to specifically load this object into a specific frame Note The value 99 is a default frame index which means that the target object is loaded into the same frame as where the referrer object is presented Tip
145. type Illegal meta character in parameter value Malicious parameter value n a Eo Kia fajia ee a Mom mM mM oM m Learning of Iflegal Query Strina or POST Data Illegal Parameter The Occurrences row displays the number of illegal flow to object violation occurrences for each violation type If you click the linked occurrence number a View requested objects window appears containing a list of all the objects that caused this violation See the graphic below If you click an object link the View full request information window appears showing all the technical details of all the violations related to the specific request View Requested Objects Microsoft Internet Explorer provided by Schema LTD 1 5 x Object IP address A pare seach oho 192 168 111 122 Learning Testing amp Fine Tuning the Policy Illegal query string or POST data Illegal Query String or POST Data Accept Aow v Occurrences HTTP n dex pho gt GET HTTP search phe 22 2 ndex cho cer E fhe pho 22 1 Checkboxes The first column contains checkboxes used to mark the relevant entry Flow This is the name of the Application Flow path which defines the access path leading from one object to another object Check QS PD Check this box to instruct the TrafficShield security application to perform validity checks on the query string or POST data Occurrences T
146. ue eee entente tenente tentent eene Illegal empty parameter value eene tenentes Illegal parameter value length eene tenente tenens Illegal parameter numeric value eerte Illegal parameter data type Illegal meta character in parameter value Malicious parameter value Negative security Violations seen ennt Illegal meta character in header serene enne nnne Illegal meta character in object eerte tentent entente Illegal meta character in parameter name eene tenens 6 37 Illegal meta character in parameter value seen 6 38 Illegal pattern in object tnnt 6 39 Illegal pattern in response Illegal pattern in header Illegal pattern in user input Cookie Violations P 6 43 Modified domain cookies sssrinin iiie EE s 6 43 Objects that modified domain cookies ssesssesssssssssssssssstessssssrerssssrseeesssesrrssssssrrsesssse 6 44 FORENSICS e roten eee tee e ir ND E A LN M DE KDE Illegal requests Ignored requests a Ignored items 4 3 aere re e a p e RD deae edid Glossary TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 vii Table of Contents viii Introduction Pro
147. usually the Web application s home page You can instruct the Crawler to start scanning sections of the application from other points as well in case the application includes sub applications that cannot be accessed through the home page but only directly from a sub URL To add Crawler start points 1 Click Add A new line is added to start points list 2 In the Domains drop down list select the domain to which the start point belongs A start point can be specified either as part of this Web application s Fully Qualified Domain Name or as part of one of its aliases Select the domain or the alias to use You must make a selection The selected domain or alias appears in the Start Point text field 3 Add the start point a file name to the end of the domain or alias string in the Start Point text field The resulting string must be a valid path specification or it will be rejected 4 Repeat this procedure to define all relevant starting points Form Filler Step 3 in Crawler Wizard Since the Crawler emulates user behavior it submits data in Web application pages in the same way users do Each time the Crawler is activated it populates the Form Filler Parameters Table with previously undefined parameter names If this is the first time you start the Crawler all parameters are new to the Crawler and therefore it will most likely fail to submit any forms The next logical stage is to enter the crucial values needed to p
148. ve accounts savings checking and so on They can click on each link to be directed to their personal account information and view it securely This is the legitimate flow of the application and this is the series of requests which are captured in the Application Flow Model Requests that are out of sequence or whose parameter values have been altered can be blocked once this security policy is in place For instance a user requesting an account information page without first passing through TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 2 1 Chapter 2 login sequence can be rejected as this is not the correct order of the flow Likewise a user who logs in and then tampers with the account links provided on a page attempting to access other people s accounts would be rejected since the parameter values have changed e Note In each of these cases the format and structure of the request are valid according to the HTTP protocol It is only within the specific context of the application that these requests can be considered malicious The Security Policy The security policy components Object types Web objects Application flows The main components of the TrafficShield positive security policy are described in this section The Object Types section lists the existing file types in the protected Web site For example a list of valid object types for a specific policy could be GIF JPG and HTML only If
149. version 4 23 Flow properties 4 24 Policy component editing 2 2 1 ctt recte er eet am diee ea htt 4 25 Adding Object types seiniin Rede ts dte RA sed 4 25 Allowed objects RegExp Object list relaxation sees 4 28 WebObjects pM 4 30 Object properties 4 31 Flows to object 4 33 Adding a Web object 4 35 Removing a Web object es teeeeeteeteenten tenentem tentent senten treten 4 35 Displaying web application flow model eere 4 35 Application elt t og cde 4 36 Defining the Flow parameters sese ennt tentent tenens 4 40 Defining negative regular expressions seen entente 4 46 Character sets e 4 47 Policy audit rect reiecit oder Onde E 4 50 Crawler OVERVIOW sisiane SEEE erbe er sees tee Populating the policy using the Crawler Configuring and launching the Crawler Starting the Crawler using the Wizard entente 5 2 Crawler scheduling Step in Crawler Wizard sse 5 2 Start points Step 2 in Crawler Wizard eerte 5 3 Form Filler Step 3 in Crawler Wizard eene 5 4 Page not found criteria Step 4 in Crawler Wizard Logout pages Step 5 in Crawler Wizard 5 7 Prop
150. wing or modifying To choose a policy via the Policy Properties window 1 Select Policy Management gt Policies Properties tab 2 Select the relevant policy from the Select Policy pull down list and click the Go button The policy properties window is automatically updated to the selected policy for viewing or modifying Configuration Policy Properties Curent User root De atrrors Policy Properties Policy pAErrors Web Application Flow HTTP findex php gt GET gt HTTP search pho i Policy Description Parameter Name q i Security Level Custom Disable Blocking Max HTTP Header Length Any Length Max Cookie Header Length Any Length 579 Itis also possible to choose and edit a policy from the Learning page as described in the following procedure TrafficShield Security Policy User Manual version 3 2 4 19 Chapter 4 To choose a policy via the Learning properties window 1 Select Policy Management gt Real Traffic tab 2 From the Change Policy drop down list select the relevant policy 3 Click the Go button The learning properties are automatically updated according to the selected policy 4 You can view these properties and edit them as required Upon clicking the Go button the policy becomes the current edited policy 5 To set the current edited policy click the Update TrafficShield button Remove a policy You can
151. y using the Crawler Learning tool s output The Crawler Learning tool enables the user to scan the Web application in a learning mode When we use the Crawler in a non learning mode the Crawler populates the policy with the new items When the Crawler is set to work in a Learning mode it populates the crawler learning tables with the new items instead of directly populating the policy tables You can then review the data and accept object types objects and flows that were found by the Crawler and then add or reject them Crawler Learning tabs are identical to the Learning tabs Both Learning and Crawler Learning populate the forensics section First time usage Crawler Learning can be used to update an existing policy or to initialize a policy When updating a policy the Crawler works in update mode and writes all the incrementally new items to the Crawler Learning tables It doesn t change the existing policy items When populating an empty policy all items appear in the Crawler learning tables In both cases you need to accept the item if you want to add it to the policy Second time usage Unlike the regular Learning once the Object is accepted and added to Configuration gt Web Objects tab all relevant flows are not automatically added to the policy In order to add the relevant flows you will need to re run the Crawler or the Crawler learning Tip If an item is rejected permanently it is moved to Forensics gt Ignore Item

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