User`s Manual
Contents
1. gt Ww m YES YES NO Figure 3 11 OPERATING PROCEDURE 5 1 Procedures for ESR measurement Once obtained patient sample should be inverted 8 10 times prior to testing If transferring from EDTA tube use filling station as guide for proper sample volume Be sure the upper level of blood is parallel to Top of Block If not measured immediately samples should be analyzed within four hours 5 2 Sample insertion After mixing the sample must be promptly transferred to the analyzer It is also advisable to follow numerical sequence when loading the channels After loading the tenth wait for the results of the first samples and remove them from their channels before continuing to insert new test tubes Follow the monitor display to check proper location on the analysis plate After a few seconds the display corresponding to the position number indicates the analysis has begun by displaying run If after three minutes the message run remains unchanged the sample has been accepted by the ESRA 10 and the analysis is underway If not the message ERL appears indicating that the blood level in the test tube is not within the limits permitted by the instrument 4 10 mm The sample positions on the analytic plate are numbered from 1 to 10 but numbering is intended progressively in groups of 10 so when the results of channel number o2. In a few seconds the display will change to indicate the sign in the numbered positions The instrument is now ready for analysis ESRA 10 rear view POWER SWITCH RS 232 Printer Port POWER INPUT ESRA Power Supply Printer Interface Cable Figure 2 BASIC OPERATION 4 1 QUICK START INSTRUCTIONS 1 Set up instrument and connect power supply and printer 2 Switch on printer ESRA 10 Analyzer will initialize Display will indicate for each channel Unit is ready for sample introduction 3 Collect Sample a ESRAtainer tubes contain sodium citrate 3 8 and vacuum for 1 6mL of blood Collect via venous puncture follow standard laboratory practices for collection or b Place ESRAtainer tubes into ESRA FS filling station transfer blood from collection tube to the ESRAtainer Stop transfer once the level of blood reaches the top of block 4 Gently mix tubes invert 8 to 10 times insert into channels 5 After 12 minutes Initial indications are displayed N lt 11 mm h L 11 38 mm h H 38 82 mm h H 82 120 mm h H gt 120 mm h 6 After 30 minutes Actual result appears above the respective channel a If printer is connected data is transferred to printer and results captured printer is connected record the values 7 After recording the results remove the tubes will appear for each channel available for new sample Do Not Remove the tub
3. Y gt 0 Figure 5 18 THEORY OPERATION 7 4 Results correction to 18 C The results obtained from the formula 3 express by interpolation the values correlated to the method of reference related to the room temperature See Manley Table 1 7 5 Temperature Correction ESRA 10 surveys the room temperature and converts the result to the reference temperature of 18 C Manley This is necessary in order to avoid considerable variations of values due to different room temperatures Please contact StatSpin for detailed instruction on enabling this feature Once enabled the ESRA 10 constantly measures the analysis temperature and converts the values obtained to the reference values of 18 degrees using the Manley Table 1 therefore ensuring better reproducibility of results carried out at different temperatures Manley Table 1 Temperature corrected Analysis Temperatures values 18 C 15 C 18 20 25 30 5 4 5 5 6 8 10 9 10 10 12 16 20 18 20 21 25 31 30 27 30 31 37 45 40 36 40 42 49 58 50 46 50 52 60 71 60 55 60 62 71 82 70 63 70 72 82 93 80 72 80 82 93 104 90 81 90 93 103 114 100 90 100 103 114 125 ESRA 10 converts the results for analysis temperatures between 15 and 30 C For values below 15 C ESRA 10 will use the factor for 15 C and for values above 30 C the correction factor of 30 C 19 MAINTENANCE
4. does not appear in display confirm rack is in proper channels 7 Results will be displayed within 2 min Record numbers top row only 8 Turn unit off remove ESRA ST standard Self Test a t 1 24 93 m steps Temp 18C 9 HHH Values must be within the following ranges 1 0 24 4 93 6 Note Other displayed data are for troubleshooting purposes only Record only top row results Contact StatSpin Customer Service if Values are out of range 20 MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 8 4 Troubleshooting Before calling for a service technician please check the handling of sample collection mixing procedures and operating instructions ALARM OR TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY a sample level high or low a Repeat sample collection b the label was not placed in its b Replace label and repeat proper position Refer to page 18 analysis sample has been removed Repeat analysis MECHANICAL ERROR motor or mechanical defect Call service assistance e ee me Data result is not a sample clot a Repeat sample collection credible b sample has foam b Re mix gently c sample measured after 4 hours from sample collection d were samples mixed properly e Did you consider the automatic temp conversion of the ESRA 10 One or more RUN a possible obstruction of infrared Call service assistance appear on the display barrier by external materials label b Call service assi
5. 8 Blood draw level acceptance 4 10mm from normal Measuring method infrared transmission scanning Results in Westergren mm h by interpolation Temperature correction Optional automatic compensation referred to 18 Manley Accepted range 15 30 C Optical resolution 0 2 mm Results resolution 1mm Analytical Range 0 140 Reproducibility C V lt 5 sample depending Interface RS 232 C for printer Dimensions 5 5H x 7W x 4D Weight 2 Ibs Power Requirements 12VAC 50 60Hz 0 5A supplied with 120VAC Power Supply Operating Conditions temperature 15 30 C humidity 45 85 Warranty 2 years parts and labor 15 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 6 2 Default Dip Switch Settings The ESRA 10 Analyzer has been equipped with a Dip Switch Located on the rear panel this switch has been provided to allow for possible upgrades and enhancements to the ESRA 10 Do not alter original settings unless instructed by Authorized Service or a StatSpin representative Default Dip Switch Settings sw SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 6 3 Optional Printer SW2 Set SW2 to ON position to enable printer ON 6 4 Temperature Correction SW1 Set SW1 to ON position to enable automatic temperature correction The ESRA 10 surveys the room temperat
6. TROUBLESHOOTING 8 1 Maintenance The overall simplicity of the analyzer means the ESRA 10 does not require special maintenance The most sensitive part is the infrared sensors inside the instrument Care and attention are required above all regarding the cleanliness of the upper part test tube positioning plate which can be covered when not in use Do not clean the upper plate with liquids or damp cloths The entry of liquids or solid material into the channel openings can cause considerable damage to the instrument 8 2 Cleaning Instructions Any dust can be removed using an ordinary vacuum cleaner Label fragments could fall into the channel openings and obstruct a correct reading function during analysis Care should be taken to avoid these incidences 8 3 Self Test The ESRA 10 has been supplied with a set of reference standards These standards ESRA ST are used to check functionality of the instrument and are not intended to be run on a routine basis ESRA ST standards should be stored in a safe location and kept for troubleshooting Please have the ESRA ST nearby should you need to contact StatSpin for service Procedure 1 Assure temp correction has not been turned on 2 Turn unit off 3 Insert the ESRA ST rack into ESRA 10 into channels 5 6 and 7 orientate rack with label facing toward you 4 sure all other channels are empty 5 Turn unit on 6 Unit detects tubes and goes into self test mode If Self Test
7. Atainer tubes Inserting foreign parts into the channel ports can damage internal scanning mechanism Disconnect power prior to service Refer all service to qualified service personal 1 4 Analysis samples All biological fluids should be considered biohazardous Operator should use universal precautions Do not remove the tube cap as this is not necessary and poses a risk to the operator even if standards of precautions are followed to avoid the biological danger This applies for any technical operator qualified in the use of the instrument Only ESRAtainer tubes should be used in the ESRA 10 analyzer The use of any other tube will potentially damage the unit and void the warranty Additionally other tubes may give erroneous results 1 5 Precaution on ESRAtainer Tubes Do not use tubes or needles if foreign matter is present Handle all biological samples and blood collection sharps lancets needles Luer adapters and blood collection sets according to the policies and procedures of your facility Obtain appropriate medical attention in the case of any exposure to biological samples for example through a puncture injury since transmission of infectious diseases may occur INTRODUCTION 2 1 ESRA 10 Instrument The StatSpin ESRA 10 is a microprocessor controlled erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzer This unique device generates results in 30 minutes and allows random access to enhance workflow Initial indications are displaye
8. CAlCUlatiOn 17 7 3 Results Conversion 0 112 1 18 7 4 Results correction to 18 19 7 5 19 8 MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTING 8 1 MANGAN CS xa deel 20 8 2 Cleaning INStrUCtONS 20 SiS SOLE TSS besa 20 5 4 TroubleSh OOUing 21 9 THEORETICAL INFORMATION 9 1 Westergren 2022 0 22 9 2 Varatons of ESR 22 10 WARRANTY INFORMATION 10 1 Warranty eoe a e eden ey bene 24 PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY 1 1 User Precautions Before beginning work with the analyzer the rules for handling bio hazardous materials and for the Electro mechanical systems must be understood to protect the user from any dangers 1 2 Electrical equipment To reduce risk of shock do not disassemble instrument Refer service to qualified service personal The analyzer has no user serviceable parts Disassembly of unit can harm device and void warranty 1 3 Mechanical equipment The ESRA 10 has internal moving parts Use with only ESR
9. ESRA 10 displays the instrument status the real time progress for analysis underway and the results for samples already completed Before a result is displayed the operator is informed by two short beeps As soon as a sample result is displayed it will be automatically transmitted to the printer Data will remain on the display until the operator having noted the value removes the corresponding test tube from the reading plate In about one minute the data on the display will disappear and the position is now available for a new sample NOTE To avoid losing the result be sure to record the value before removing the tube from the reading plate 5 5 Display Messages Messages may appear on the display ERL Indicates that the sample is not of a level that would permit the instrument to read it If the level is too low gt 10mm the sample should be taken again because outside these limits the results of the analysis may be altered ERS Indicates that the test tube has been removed from the position in which it had been placed The test tubes are checked in their positions at constant 15 second intervals Do not touch the test tubes during the whole period of analysis because for the reason described the result will be lost ERROR Mechanical problems This warning will be given if the instrument should find problems with the mechanical movement of the reading plate After this indication the instrument will definitely stop it
10. Enriching the quality of life for people everywhere 5tat Spr Operator s Manual ESRA 10 Automated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Analyzer Model Number 5400 00 StatSpin Inc 85 Morse Street Norwood MA 02062 4327 Tel 781 551 0100 Fax 781 551 0036 A Subsidiary of International www statspin com Remote Imaging Systems Inc TABLE CONTENTS 1 Precautions and Safety PAGE 121 vena po 6 1 2 6 1 3 6 1 4 Analysis 6 1 5 Precautions ESRAtainer 6 2 INTRODUCTION 2 1 ESRA 10 INStrUMent 7 2 2 Description and Intended 7 3 INSTALLATION 3 1 Description of 8 3 2 Examine Contents vet 8 9 3 Setup the icc e 8 9 4 BASIC OPERA
11. SSED OR IMPLIED WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE OF THIS AGREEMENT NO AGENT OR EMPLOYEE OF STATSPIN IS AUTHORIZED TO EXTEND ANY OTHER WARRANTY OR TO ASSUME FOR STATSPIN ANY LIABILITY EXCEPT AS SET FORTH ABOVE THIS WARRANTY IS ONLY APPLICABLE TO THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER RESIDING IN NORTH AMERICA AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE Doc No 55 4208 001 Rev B 24 LAD OM ALON Yi sn lejoni gt 2 o NIO NIO NINININ O N N A NININ INIO INIO N AJOIN 25
12. TION 4 1 Quick Start 68 2 1000000000000000000000000000000004 10 4 2 ESRAtainer Tube Storage 10 4 3 ESRAtainer 211 sn axenn ays clasts 11 5 OPERATING PROCEDURE 5 1 Procedure for ESR 22 4 12 5 2 Sample ao 12 5 3 Sample 01000 13 5A Sample REMOVAL 13 5 5 Display Messages 13 5 0 14 E 14 5 8 Performance 14 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 6 1 System 0 08444444 15 6 2 Default Dip 222242 ai iene 16 6 2 saves resent 16 6 4 Temperature 16 05 RS 232 DATA POM 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 THEORY OF OPERATION PAGE 7 1 Measurement 17 TAPA
13. ared and well mixed is drawn into a Westergren tube up to the zero mark The tube is inserted in the appropriate support and the erythrocyte level is read after 60 min 9 2 Variation of ESR A Net increase of ESR 100 mm or more per hour Multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Malignant lymphoma Leukemia Serious anemia Carcinomas Sarcomas Serious bacterial infections Collagenosis Biliary or portal cirrhosis 10 Ulcerous colitis 11 Serious nephrosis Moderate increase of ESR Acute and chronic contagious diseases Acute localized infections Reactivation of a chronic infection Rheumatic illness Rheumatoid arthritis Myocardial infarction 7 Malignant tumor with necrosis 8 Hyperthyroidism 9 Hypothyroidism 10 Lead or arsenic poisoning 11 Nephrosis 12 Internal hemorrhage 13 Acute hepatitis 14 Ectopic pregnancy unbroken after the third month 15 Broken ectopic pregnancy 16 Menstruation 17 Normal pregnancy after the third month 18 Oral contraceptives taken 19 Tuberculosis 20 Postcommissurotomy syndrome 21 Dextran administered intravenously C Normality of ESR most cases 1 First stage acute appendicitis in the first 24 hours Precocious integral ectopic pregnancy Malarial paroxysm Cirrhosis of the liver Arthrosis Mononucleosis Acute allergies Viruses without compli
14. cations Peptic ulcer 10 Typhoid fever 11 Undulant fever 12 Rheumatic carditis with cardiac decompensation 13 Whooping cough 22 THEORETICAL INFORMATION 1 THYGESEN J E 1942 The mechanism of blood sedimentation Acta Medica Scandinavia Suppl 134 2 WINTROBE M M and Landsberg J W 1935 A standardised technique for the blood sedimentation test American Journal of Medical Sciences 189 102 3 HARDWICKE J and SQUIRE J R 1965 The basis of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate Clinical Science 11 333 4 International Committee for Standardisation in Haematology 1977 Recommendation for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate of human blood American Journal of Clinical Pathology 68 505 5 LASCARI A D 1972 The erythrocyte sedimentation rate Paediatric Clinics of North America 19 1113 6 MANLEY R W 1957 The effect of room temperature on erythrocyte sedimentation rate and its corrections Journal of Clinical Pathology 10 354 23 WARRANTY 10 1 Warranty StatSpin Inc a wholly owned subsidiary of International Remote Imaging Systems Chatsworth CA takes pride in its products and believes they are manufactured to the highest possible standards Consequently StatSpin warrants to the original purchaser that the instruments shall be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal and proper use as defined in the Operator s Manual For instruments so
15. d in as little as 12 minutes from sample insertion Capable of up to 20 samples an hour this maintenance free instrument produces results on 1 6 mL samples No buttons to push or sample pre treatment required Simply draw sample into the ESRAtainer vacuum collection tube invert tube to mix the citrate and insert into analyzer ESRA 10 comes complete with a manual filling station and standards The analyzer has an optional printer which connects to the RS 232 port located on the back Temperature correction can be activated with a flip of a dipswitch The analyzer was designed with safety features including a low voltage power supply and total weight is less than 2 pounds 2 2 Description amp Intended Use The ESRA 10 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Analyzer is controlled by a microprocessor and is used exclusively for analysis of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate It constantly and simultaneously scans up to 10 ESRAtainer vacuum tubes Sample can be drawn directly through venous puncture or with use of the manual filling station ESRA_FS The ESRA 10 follows the sedimentation of each sample independently tracks and records sedimentation levels throughout the analysis period Results are displayed in mm hr Westergren method Figure 1 below depicts a complete ESRA 10 System complete with Analyzer Filling Station Power Supply Standard ESRAtainer Tubes and optional Printer INSTALLATION 3 1 Description of Components ESRA 10 Ana
16. e until results are recorded The analyzer will display the results until the tube is removed 4 2 ESRAtainer Tube Storage The test tubes for this instrument are specifically made for use with ESRA 10 They contain sodium citrate at 3 8 and vacuum for drawing 1 6 mL of blood Store tubes at 5 25 C The sodium citrate solution is clear and colorless Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains precipitates Do not use tubes after their expiration date After sample collection tubes can be stored for up to four hours for sedimentation rates Only ESRAtainer tubes should be used in the ESRA 10 analyzer The use of any other tube will potentially damage the unit and void the warranty Additionally other tubes may give erroneous results 10 BASIC OPERATION 4 3 ESRAtainer Labelling Identify the sample by writing on the original test tube label or by applying a coded label Follow the scheme of Figure 3 to carry out this action correctly In the figure the test tube marked A has the correct blood level and original label on which to write the patient code or any other relevant data in the absence of a bar code The part marked H shows the transparent zone that absolutely must be left free to allow the infrared rays to recognize the end of the blood column The next test tube shows the correct position for the label Test tubes C and D illustrate how incorrect application of the label obstructs the reading of the analysis
17. ld outside the United States contact the authorized StatSpin dealer in your area for warranty details This warranty shall extend for a period of 24 months from the date of installation at an end user site Provided that the purchaser has filled out and forwarded to StatSpin the Warranty Registration Card StatSpin will at its option repair or replace any unit covered by this warranty returned to StatSpin with shipping costs prepaid Repaired or replaced instruments supplied under this warranty carry only the unexpired portion of the original warranty StatSpin shall not be responsible for damage to a StatSpin instrument resulting from misuse negligence accident or resulting from unauthorized repairs alterations or improper installation Additionally StatSpin shall not be liable for any claims losses or damages of any third party or for lost profits or indirect or consequential damages of any kind even if StatSpin has been advised of the possibility of such damages The purchaser shall be deemed liable for any and all claims losses or damages incurred by the use or misuse of the StatSpin instrument by the purchaser its employees or others following receipt of the instrument or other items THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN EXPRESSLY AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED THE PURCHASER AGREES THAT THERE IS NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR ANY INTENDED PURPOSE AND THAT THERE ARE NO OTHER REMEDIES OR WARRANTIES EXPRE
18. level L1 7 2 Calculation From 1 we therefore see how the sedimentation percentage for example is calculated after 30 minutes 1 S 30 100 L1 L2 L1 K Necessary data for the construction of regression curves between the percentage values obtained from the instrument at 30 minutes and the values in millimetres of sedimentation after an hour according to Westergren technique were gathered from three different laboratories operating in clearly specified conditions The result is the curve in Fig 5 for the test at 30 minutes From the second degree polynomial equation 2 applied to the curves in question the roots a b and c were obtained 2 2 17 THEORY OF OPERATION legend P test tube support H infrared Tx Rx hight position L infrared Tx Rx low position R red blood cells S plasma C course of detectors K distance from bottom test tube and infrared low position L1 course of initial level at time zero L2 course of level after 30 minutes course of level after 60 minutes Figure 4 7 3 Results conversion in mm hr We call a1 b1 c1 the roots for the correlation between the reading at 30 with 1 hour Westergren From 3 results the formula to obtain the mm h from the percentage of sedimentation that the instrument indicates 30 3 mm 1 hour b1 SQR b142 4 a1 c1 Y 2 a1 where Y S 30 and assuming the discriminate 6 2 4a1 c1
19. lyzer operates 12VAC provided by external power supply included Instrument allows up to 10 samples ESRAtainer tubes to be place into the ports located on front panel The analyzer is also equipped with an RS 232 port and power switch located on the rear panel Its 40 character display is backlit to provide easy reading under any lighting conditions ESRA FS Manual filling station to allow transfer of sample from an EDTA tube to the ESRAtainer tubes by simple filling the tube until the blood level meets the fill line TOP of BLOCK Capacity of 10 tubes and fabricated from clear acrylic for easy cleaning ESRA ST Reference standard used for troubleshooting the analyzer if questions or problems occur Refer to Maintenance section for proper use ESRA PR Optional Printer has been configured to work with the ESRA 10 Analyzer by printing a hard copy of the results for each sample After each interval is complete the ESRA 10 sends the data down the RS 232 port to the printer StatSpin does not support the use of other instruments connected to the DATA port 01 50 ET01 400 ESRAtainer vacuum tubes specifically made for use with ESRA 10 They contain sodium citrate at 3 8 and vacuum for drawing 1 6 mL of blood ESRAtainer tubes are a closed system with a black stopper The color of the tuber stopper is in accordance to ICSH International Council for Standardization on Hematology on color coding of blood collection tubes 3 2 Exami
20. ne Contents The ESRA 10 and its accessories are delivered in a single carton Unpack unit with its accessories and inspect contents for any signs of damage If the apparatus is damaged please inform your carrier immediately Save the shipping carton with its packing materials in the event the instrument needs to be repaired or returned for service 3 3 Set up the Analyzer e The ESRA 10 should be placed on a flat and level bench top away from centrifuges oscillating agitators or other vibrating instruments that might cause movement of the bench and result in an incorrect reading Direct light on the instrument and sudden changes of temperature should be avoided Install cable between Analyzer and printer optional Plug power supply s into 120VAC 50 60 Hz grounded outlet s Locate power in jack on rear of instruments and connect to power supply Caution Do Not connect the printer supply to the Analyzer Refer to figure 2 for identification or call StatSpin Customer Service for assistance e Locate power switch on rear of Analyzer depress to turn unit on INSTALLATION 8 3 4 Initialization Each time the ESRA 10 is turned on it carries out an electronic initialization clears the memory and performs an instrument check test If a printer is connected the display will also present the results header that will be given at the end of each analysis If the printer is not connected the display presents PRINTER NOT READY
21. ne are completed this position automatically becomes number 11 and will continue by the same reasoning with number 21 and so on For samples with blood levels between 4 and 10 mm the results will be automatically adjusted by the ESRA 10 software Continue to insert additional tubes sequentially into the remaining available positions Twelve minutes after insertion initial indications are displayed for normal and for high At thirty minutes the result in mm hour Westergren will appear on the display in the position corresponding to the respective channel and remain until that tube is removed After tube removal results will disappear from the display in 60 seconds and new sample tubes can be inserted If the printer is connected to the ESRA 10 it will print out the results at the end of each analysis as follows seq Npos ld 5001 01 5002 02 5020 10 5021 01 All memory including the sequences cancelled when the instrument is switched off 12 OPERATING PROCEDURE 5 3 Sample Recognition The following could adversely effect results a dilution ratio f time after sample taking gt 4 hours b bubbles g direct sunlight c strong haemolytic samples h foam d sudden agitation i lipemic samples e temperatures lt 15 or gt 30 5 4 Sample removal While analyzing the
22. s operation and the technical service needs to be called 13 OPERATING PROCEDURE 5 6 LIMITATIONS A Strongly lipemic or hemolytic samples may alter reading capability B Sedimentation rate values gt 140 mm hr will be indicated with a gt 140 C Temperatures outside the given range will be accepted as 15 C min and 30 C max For sample identification if no printer is connected a form similar to the one enclosed to this manual may be used on which the patient name or code number must be recorded before the tube is inserted into the analyzer 5 7 Controls Control should be run according to your standard laboratory practices StatSpin is listed on the package insert and recommends the following control for use with the ESRA 10 analyzer Manufactuer Hematronix Inc Benicia CA 94510 Description Equinox SedRate Mfg Part No ESR101 Normal ESR102 Abnormal Other manufacturer s control can be used with the ESRA 10 with values established in your laboratory Note Without the optional printer it is necessary to record the control values within 10 min of test completion 14 6 1 System Specifications TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Application Erythrocyte sedimentation rate analysis Reading chambers 10 channels Analysis time 30 minutes Display back light for easy read Throughput 20 Samples per hour Loading pattern random Tube Volume 1 6 mL Tube Content 0 4mL sodium citrate 3
23. stance without tubes being parts etc introduced b disconnection or defect of internal cable No info on display a power switch on a Switch power on b power supply working b Check power supply replace if c internal problem necessary c Call service assistance Info on display Call service assistance scrambled OPTION T ERR Temperature error Data analysis is not converted sensor malfunction to 18 Call service assistance Data result is not printed Printer power a Check power supply b Printer cable b Check cable c Printer configuration c See manual for check printer configuration d Check printer test by power on when key f f is pressed e Replace printer PRINTER a Printer is connected but in OFF Switch on the printer and NOT READY position re switch the ESRA 10 on the display Set SW2 in OFF position 21 THEORETICAL INFORMATION 9 1 Westergren Method This is the standard method in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards NCCLS It consists of a support that keeps the Westergren tubes containing incoagulable blood perfectly vertical and hermetically sealed Westergren tubes have a diameter of 2 5 mm and are graduated up to 200 mm As soon as the sample is taken the venous blood is mixed with a sodium citrate solution at 3 8 0 13 M in the ratio of respectively four to one 1 6 mL 0 4 mL of sodium citrate The blood thus prep
24. ure and converts the result to ON the reference temperature of 18 C Manley See section 7 5 for more information on temperature correction 6 5 RS 232 DATA PORT 2 5 Signal RXD Information provided for technical reference only data signals conform to TXD RS 232 standard DTR GND 5 16 THEORY OPERATION 7 1 Measurement Principle The ESRA 10 reading principle is illustrated in Figure 4 Infrared transmitter receiver pair covers area C of the test tube The end points of the movement are L for the lower and H for the upper During movement from L to H the infrared ray cannot strike the receiver because it is obstructed by the high number of red corpuscles As soon as the ray comes out of the cells the receiver captures the signal and tells the computer to note the steps required by the motor to reach the level of the moment L1 represents the steps for the erythrocyte level at zero time and L2 the steps for the level after 30 also represents the steps necessary to reach the lower part of the test tube from which the red corpuscles column begins Even if the test tubes constantly draws 1 6 mL ESRAtainer the blood level in the test tube may be subject to slight variations depending on the sample To compensate this variation within certain limits the instrument adopts the principle of the percentage of sedimentation with regard to the initial
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