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PART Y: IGW Modeling Tutorial

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1. 44 Set Layers Position Move Mew Layers to desired position Layer 1 Cancel Step 5 Move the New Layer s to the desired location using arrow keys and Click the OK In this model you are adding a New Layer below Layer 1 The software now adds the selected number of layers A copy of the selected zone now exists in each new layer Notice that the Layer Selector now reflects the existence of the new layer s You can use the sliding arrow to switch between the layers shown in the Working Area Step 6 Access the AE Notice that the left hand pane in AE now indicates the existence of the new layer s and the zone that was copied to it IGW will assign default layer and zone names For consistency and cross reference keep the default layer names i e Layer 2 and Zone 20017 You can edit the names by clicking once on the name in AE explorer pane and then retyping the new name Model 1 Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree sus Project Main Model 2 0 Cross sections G3 Cross section 1 B Layer 1 D Zones 1001 89 Zone 1001 89 Columbia River wells 1001 z Middle Well East Well 2 2 ParticlesGroup 1001 ParticleZones 1001 D Zones 2001 89 Zone 2001 3D Attributes QP 3DAtr 1 45 11 2 EDITING LAYER ATTRIBUTES The copied zone in the newly created layer needs to be modified because its properties are identical to the layer it w
2. Ci a amm Fram ar 5 lt a M mat Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years You return to the model screen and the drawing updates have taken effect If the settings have not taken effect or any time you wish to refresh the IGW screen simply click the refresh button 6 2 CHANGING DISPLAY FOR CROSS SECTION You can change the appearance of the cross section To change appearance Step 1 Right click anywhere in the cross section window a menu pops up Step 2 Click on the Draw Option from this menu Cross Section X Display Options windows pops up 3l Cross section 1 Display Options Profile Properties w River T Iv Drain v Aquifer M Scatter Points a v water Table Inactive Area pee Iv Well Const Head Simulation Results Iw Head Conductivity m jw Velocity es Concentration Particles Vertical Exaggeratian Factor 31 bz2 FEE Top Boundary of Display Bounding Box iO Vos irum piu C Equal to This Value Iv Equal to Maz Head If Larger Scale Bar wv Horizontal W Vertical s Display Margin Top of Window width Bottom a of window width From this window you can explore the display options for each item by clicking on Ea button in front of the item For Head and Velocity options the button will lead you to pop up windows where
3. LIF Cancel Step 3 Click the button Color The Color window is now open Basic colors EEHEEHE Custom colors T EN EmmmmEEEHENM Define Custom Colors gt gt Step 4 Click on the light blue color firth in the top row or any other that you feel will be effective then click 29 You return to the Model 1 Display Options Head window and you can see that the color is now to the one you chose light blue in this case Step 5 In the Thickness field enter 2 or any other that you feel will be effective Step 6 Click OR You return to the Display Options for Model 1 window You can explore more options on the Model 1 Display Options Head window such as line style legend number of contours maximum and minimum value for contours etc etc Note If you change maximum or minimum values and or number of contours you have to uncheck the Use model level display options box on Display Options for Model 1 window before clicking on any of buttons If you don t uncheck Use model level display options the changes will not take effect Step 7 In the Simulations Inputs and Result area click the button to the right of Velocity The Velocity Draw Option window appears Velocity Draw Option Options Shaw Vector Every 1 aridi in Horizontal Direction Show Vector Every 1 arida in Vertical Direction Max Vector Lengt
4. OPENING A SAVED MODEL To open a saved model Step 1 Start IGW Step 2 Click on Open a Model button Step 3 Browse to the saved model location select the saved model and click ok The saved model opens in IGW Working Area Note If you double click on the saved model in Windows Explorer it will only open IGW with a blank working area To open your model you have to follow steps 2 and 3 23 CHAPTER 4 OBTAINING A SOLUTION This chapter will walk you through the basic procedures for converting a conceptual model into a numerical model in IGW 4 7 and finding its solution 4 1 DISCRETIZING THE MODEL Discretizing the model turns the conceptual model into a numerical model that the computer can solve Step 1 Click the Map into Numerical Model Incremental Discretize button to discretize the model located at row 7 column 2 of the button palette Use LL this step only if you do not want to change default settings EB Default setting is a model grid of 35 x 27 grid not visible that covers the entire Working Area Start from step 2 if you to set a specific grid size or grid characteristic Step 2 Click the Set Simulation Grid button located at row 7 column 1 of the button palette Iz This brings up the Define Model Grid window Here you may enter the number of sections in the x direction NX The computer then automatically calculates the number of cells in the y direction NY and the cel
5. bear in mind that this example is only for illustrative purposes Hyperlinks are extensively used in this document and are shown as blue underlined text You should consult the IGW User s Manual for more in depth information concerning program implementation and functions For detailed information concerning technical content of the model 1 e mathematics and theory please consult the IGW Version 5 0P Reference Manual 1 1 STRUCTURE OF THE TUTORIAL This tutorial is designed to help you first setup a simple groundwater model for a given problem which is described in the next section then gradually add complexity to the model and visualize model outputs at every step as you go Chapters 2 will introduce you to the basic interface of IGW Chapters 3 to 5 will let you develop a simpler conceptual model for the problem at hand setup a complete working model in IGW and visualize model simulation outputs Chapters 6 to 8 will let you learn and experiment with more advanced features in IGW interface Chapter 9 will introduce particle tracking Chapters 10 to 14 will let you add complexity to the model by adding more layers refining aquifer dimensions introducing heterogeneity and modeling observing contaminant concentrations Chapter 15 will introduce you to mass balance Chapter 16 will run you through advanced 3D visualization features of IGW Chapter 17 will let you learn transient simulation Chapter 19 will conclude the tutorial Finally
6. Kx Kz Storage Terms Specific Yield Specific Storage Effective Porosity Random Zone Type Color Pattern Active Transparent nactive For Display Color Domain Control Step 6 Click the Forward button to solve the model Sources and Scatter Point mp Molecular Diffusion D xx 0 0e0 2 D yy 0 0e0 m727das BEES 0 0e0 0827937 Orient 00 0 M Orient xZ 0 0e0 feses Local Dispersion v Long iv Trans Vert Soil Particle Density m s Vertexes 4 Iw Zone Visible Area o All Scatter Points Zone Budget Show Interpolation Model Visible Notice any differences in the particle movement that changing the dispersivity values has caused at this point IGW 4 7 and 5 0 are not implementing dispersion the figure below does not show effects of dispersion 60 g Columbia River E Ve Layer 2 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 23040 days 63 12 years Step 7 Stop the simulation by clicking the Pause button Step 8 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 9 Click the Reset Particle Clock button to reset the clock 13 3 REFINING GRID SIZE You can change the grid size of the model at any time you want By making the grid smaller the model is more refined but it can increases the computatio
7. Mone Head Correction G Constant 0 0e0 pem C Tensi t Equals tof20 of Conc in Eatwell Mane Monitoring well Monitoring Head and Concentration Monitoring Probability Distribution Step 12 Select East Well in the left hand pane and repeat steps 7 to 11 In Step 7 enter X 1213 Y 1066 3 6 SAVING THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL By now we have completed the basic model structure and added various sources and sinks in the model It is always a good idea to save the model at this stage before discritizing and running it to prevent data loss and the time effort spent to build the conceptual features The model will be saved as a conceptual model You can close the model after it is saved and open in a later session of IGW Data input and model features can be edited in any later session Step 1 Click on the Save Model button The Save As window appears 21 Save in B Gw Tutorial t ex My Recent Documents File name IGW Totoriai 001 My Network Save as type Interactive Groundwater igw Y Cancel Places Step 2 Surf to the location you would like to save the file Step 3 Type in a name Step 4 Click the Save button You may close the model now and open in a later session or just continue working 3 7 SAVING THE DISPLAY AS A PICTURE It is sometimes desirable to save the program model screen for use in presentations
8. The Layer Selector is located above the CAT It provides the user with quick access to different geological and computational layers that are defined in a model The Layer Selector is discussed more in Sections 11 5 and 11 6 1 Time Step DT 4 Flow Time E B Flume Time bos pe Particle Time tees pr Flume Step 1 2 DT Particle Step 1 2 DT Visual Step 4 OT pe pas s 0 0e0 Syf0 0e0 0 0 0 inehzvea fe wor pie wp pier woes ps 000 pem 0 0 1 9 ft RiBeE nnen ft 0 0 dae 000 ft 2 3 COMMENTS This chapter was designed to give you a brief overview of the IGW Version 4 7 interface and help options You now have the basic skills to complete the rest of the tutorial sections While we have not explored the functionality in any depth yet one of the powerful features of IGW is that it is very intuitive This quality helps you grasp the functionality by its design incorporating a logical layout of both the software and its interface As a result we will rely on the program s user friendly design to help you understand the functionality better The following chapters will employ that intuitive quality in a series of directed steps that will culminate in a solution to a typical groundwater problem When finished you will have solved a complex groundwater contaminatio
9. there are two annexure at the end The first one is a ready reference for all the buttons on IGW interface The second one contains a few important references from the IGW User s Manual 1 2 THE PROBLEM AND THE AVAILABLE DATA A small community pumps groundwater from a confined sandstone aquifer for their drinking water supply A monitoring study showed that the aquifer is contaminated by TCE plumes near the Boeing and Cascade sites up gradient from the pumping wells An aerial photograph of the area is shown in Figure 1 1 1 Although the well water is currently not contaminated the citizens are extremely concerned since groundwater is their exclusive source of water supply The fact that groundwater is invisible makes them particularly anxious and they have been asking many questions 1 Will the advancing plume hit the community wells How long does it take for the plume to reach the wells 2 Canthe community still use the groundwater Will the community pumping affect the plume migration What 1s the influence area of the community wells 3 What is the area of contribution recharge area of the community wells 4 How can the community develop a wellhead protection program that protects the community water supply A groundwater model can be used to answer such questions In this tutorial we shall systematically build a groundwater model to answer the questions raised by the community To build any model data on aquifer properties
10. window i e Model Explorer tab and Hierarchy Tree tab The Hierarchy Tree tab is not yet functional in IGW 4 7 Net to the tabs is double arrow button You can use this button to toggle between narrow Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree or wide display in the left pane called the Model Explore pane of the AE window Wide display may be useful to see full text and hierarchy structure of the model Attributes Explorer 8 2 MODEL EXPLORER TAB Model Explorer tab is divided into three panes The top left pane is the Model Explore pane which gives the hierarchical visualization of the model s components The wider pane to the right 15 called Attribute Input pane The structure of this pane changes depending on the hierarchical level and type of model component selected in the Model Explore pane In the figure below Project is selected in the hierarchical visualization pane The input fields relating to Project are displayed in Attribute Input pane We shall see different attribute input fields as we shall deal with different components in the model Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree a Project 21 Main Model e Cross sections G Cross section 1 Layer 1 P Zones 1001 Zone 1001 89 Columbia River wells 1001 Middle Well East Well Model Explore pane Preferences Attribute Input pane Time Processor Selector pane 35 8 3 The lower left
11. 1 a Message window appears with the text You should select a zone first if no zone is currently selected or 2 a Warning windows appears with the text Are you sure that you want to replace the current zone with a new one if there is an active zone If the Message window appears the user should click OK select a zone and then re select the Redefine Applied Area for a Zone button If the Warning window appears verify that the correct zone is selected If not then select No activate the desired zone click the Reset toolbar buttons state button then re select the Redefine Applied Area for a Zone button If the correct zone 1s selected then click Yes The cursor enters draw mode and the user may define a completely new zone to replace the old one Once draw mode has been entered the user may continually replace the previous zone until satisfied Example User Manual Section 7 5 Select Edit Zone 3 2 Clicking this button allows the user the select a zone within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click within a zone in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the zone active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in AE window Example User Manual Section 7 2 Select Edit Polyline 3 3 Clicking this button allows the us
12. and reset the clock with respect to them Step 7 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 8 Click the Reset Particle Clock button 70 CHAPTER 16 UTILIZING MASS BALANCES It is useful to understand the relationship between influxes and out fluxes for water or contaminants for a given area of interest IGW allows you to examine evaluate mass balance for the entire model are or any part of the model defined by a polygon You can simultaneously select a number of areas within your model for mass balance The areas may or may not be overlapping 16 1 SETTING UP AN AREA FOR MASS BALANCE It is revealing to examine the mass balance for the entire active model area to get an idea of the big picture of water input and output levels You can draw a new polygon or select an existing one for mass balance The following steps show you how you can utilize the existing polygon which defines the entire model domain Water budget will be evaluated only for the layer in which the polygon exists Step 1 In the Attribute Explorer window AE access the second layer and select Zones 2001 Step 2 In the bottom middle of the AE check the box next to Zone Budget zone Color Pattern T i v zone Visible Active to ns Points For Display f Ww Zone Budget 76 Only Domain Control Show Interpolation Mode Step 3 Layer 2 DI MAvels
13. aquifer dimensions sources and sinks and concentration location of contaminants 15 required Data from site investigations and other sources is available for this site Section AA as marked on Figure 1 1 1 is shown in Figure 1 2 1 We shall use this and other information to build the model Note The model parameters data and site characteristics used in this tutorial problem are for illustrative purposes and do not represent reality FIGURE 1 1 1 Map of area showing pumping well locations and contaminant plumes 1 3 CONCEPTUAL MODEL Based on the available information we build our conceptual model The conceptual model includes aquifer components geological layers sources and sinks and the boundary conditions The site has three distinct geological layers The top layer is low conductivity overburden approximately 20m thick This is underlain by high conductivity sandstone layer approximately 40m thick Finally there is a very low conductivity layer of undifferentiated sediments under the sandstone This layer as shown in figure 1 1 2 pinches outward to the surface near A Other significant components of our model are Columbia River Blue Lake Fairview Lake and pumping wells Conceptualization of these components along with geological layers is shown in Figure 1 2 1 Columbia Blue Lake River mping Well Fairview Lake A Pum 35 y 30m v 30m 2 0 MEME Er Bi W E m
14. at the time of adding the scatter points Step 5 Click the mouse at the left side of each of the four locations marked 1 2 3 and 4 on the basemap in the Working Area after clicking wait for the cross hair cursor to reappear before clicking again The following figure shows the locations at which the points are added in the model Note that the last point added next to 4 appears in bold red as it selected To illustrated scatter points more clearly the head contours and velocity vectors are turned off in the following figure by using Display Options 53 Haoemg mE Y y id MOD i 7 Foad Mart Dean Brainin A Lebert Hat Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 7 0 days 0 00 years FIGURE 10 1 1 Scatter Point Data Layer 1 Step 6 Access the AE You will see all the scatter points you added in Zone 1001 in the hierarchical pane of AE as shown below You can change the appearance of scatter point in the Scatter Point Style area at the bottom left of the Attributes Pane of AE Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree aa B Project a i Main Model Agi Cross sections 8 Cross section 1 Ni Layer 1 ap Zones 1001 E gone 1001 Scatter point 1001 be Scatter point 1002 led 4 Scatter point 1003 4 Scatter point 1004 429 Columbia River Sd Layer 2 E d Zones 2001 4 Zone 2001 Wells 2001 dn Middle we
15. corresponds to the upper left hand corner of the text field Also the text field will not be visible until text is actually typed into it via the AE window Section 4 1 Select Text 11 2 Clicking this button allows the user the select a text field within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click on a text field in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the text field active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window Example User Manual Section 19 2 Initialize Particle s 11 3 Clicking this button returns all particles to their original locations Example User Manual Chapter 10 Delete Particle s 11 4 Clicking this button deletes all particles from the conceptual model Example User Manual Chapter 10 No Capture 12 1 Clicking this button turns off all capture options Example User Manual Section 23 1 2 External Calling Capture 12 3 Clicking this button activates the time step save feature and allows the user to invoke the manual timer function Example User Manual Section 23 1 2 Timing Capture 12 3 Clicking this button activates the automatic timing screen capture option Example User Manual Section 23 1 2 90 Set Capture Option 12 4 Clicking this button allows the user to edit screen capture options by opening the Automatic Capt
16. layers For each computational layer the model area presents its solution head contours You can observe how the solution differs in each layer The solution for each computational layer is shown below if 0 4 n Ji cra oe Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 23680 days 64 88 years 50 lumbia River 00 B I Lone Layer 1 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 23680 days 64 88 years H 3 3 2 i D Tq Hi 51 b 8 ib Tit Tree E mm EJ E 5 m m al J rd Ld Ej Layer 2 3 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 23680 days 54 88 years From these display of model results you will notice that by refining our model with more details the model now predicts that the plume from Cascade site is captured by the Middle Well in approximately 65 years recall that it was predicted 85 years by the simpler model Visualizing Cross Section The computational layers are separated in the cross sectional view by dotted yellow lines Notice the velocity arrows converging at the middle of the well as opposed to the base of the well in the previous cross section This refinement is achieved due to additional computational layers IGW by default put the well screen in the middle third of the layer in which it is located The top and bottom computational layers in Layer 2 d
17. menu see Note after Step 5 Select unit m and type 3 in the Stage field Step 5 Go to Bottom Elevation area check the radio button for Constant select unit m and type in 7 in the input field By default Leakance value is 5 day Do not change it at this stage Consult the IGW User s Manual for explanations of the types of sources sinks Note All the names in the drop down menu in step 4 c are for identification of features only Selecting any of these names will not affect modeling result By assigning different categories to different features in model you will be able to differentiate them in water budget estimation Water budget is explained in Section 16 2 18 3 5 Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree 5 3 Columbia Hiver Model Layer 1 Zones 1001 Ti zone 1001 P Columbia Aver aD Attributes Sy 3DAttr 1 I Head Dependent Flux Two way Stage 3 __ Bottom Elevation f Constant E Same as Surface Elevation Leakance t Constant Sediment Properties Color Pattern one Transparent f Active Inactive C For Display Color Domain Control ADDING WELL FEATURES Physical Biochemical Aquifer Properties Properties Elevations Prescribed Head Conc Prescribed Flux River Concentration P e SEE Scatter Point RT Calibration D ata Head Depend
18. pane is the Time Process Selector TPS which is seen empty in the figure above From the TPS you can open a separate window for any previously defined time process mass balance mass flux well head well concentration etc and view the results as the model solution proceeds through time As we currently do not have any of these functions incorporated into our example you can see that this pane 15 an empty box in the lower left corner It is more intuitive to explore the TPS with a working model so the TPS discussion is continued in Section 11 3 Unlike previous versions of IGW the Apply button no longer exists IGW 4 7 automatically updates your data the moment you input it into the ATTRIBUTE INPUT PANE The fields and structure of the attribute input pane changes with respect to the type of item selected in the model explore pane You can explore this feature as follows Step 1 Click on Project in Model Explore pane of Model Explorer tab The Attribute Input pane displays input field for general project attributes Enter desired information name the project whatever you wish to call it etc Step 2 Click on Main Model in the Model Explore pane located just below Project The Attribute Input pane now displays a collection of buttons also available on the button palette that can be selected to alter attributes for the model Options are also available here for physical c
19. the next step Step 1 In the Time Process Selector TPS located in the lower left hand corner of the AE check box next to Head Conc Time Process Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree Project Layer 2 B b Main Define Default Model Parameter Values for This Layer e Cross sections g Cross section 1 Top Elevation 32 808 Specific Yield 01 2 pz 1 r Specific Storage 3 048e t B Zones 1001 Zone 1001 Starting Head Scatter point 1001 Scatter point 1002 Scatter point 1003 Thickness 131 233 Recharge 0 inch yea Scatter point 1004 a m 89 Columbia River 89 Blue Lake Fairview Lake Layer 2 Porosity 0 3 Partitioning Coeff ppm DP Zones 2001 Zone 2001 a E Soil Particle Density 2 65000 ells Middle Well THE Retardation Factor 1 00088 E East Well Conductivity 164 041 amp ParticlesGroup 2001 Ez ParticleZones 2001 Dry Re wetting Criteria 3D Attributes Kw ky 11 3DAttr 1 Kx Kz 10 Main Model Orientation of 0 degree Apply this setting to all other layers 3 0 Layer 2 Kx Ky 010 M vels Orientation of 0 0e0 degree O East well Ku Kz 9 Head Conc Time Process This opens up a window entitled Time Process at X Madel 1 Time Process at East Well PEE Concentration Breakthrough Step 2 Chec
20. the particle paths Step 1 Use the Layer Selector to choose the desired layer in which to add dispersion For this example select Layer 1 because this is the layer in which the particles are located Step 2 In the AE window access the parent zone for that layer in our example this is Layer 2 Zone 2001 Step 3 In the Local Dispersion box on the Physical Properties tab in the Attribute Input pane select Long and Trans boxes Step 4 Adjust to the desired units use the default for the longitudinal Long and transverse Trans dispersivities and enter values in their respective fields 5 and 1 respectively Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Tree Sey Project Main Model e Cross sections Gi Cross section 1 B Layer 1 D Zones 1001 Zone 1001 Scatter point 1001 Scatter point 1002 Scatter point 1003 Scatter point 1004 Columbia River P Blue Lake 89 Fairview Lake Layer 2 P Zones 2001 2 4 wells 2001 Middle Well East well ParticlesGroup 2001 ER ParticleZones 2001 8 3D Attributes QP 3DAttr 1 Step 5 Click the Map into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model Zone 2001 Physical Biochemical Aquifer Properties Properties Elevations Hydraulic Conductivity v Conductivity fao ds Random Kw Ky mm KwKz io ee of 0 0e0 degree Orientation of 0e0 Bearee
21. you can build the numerical model using IGW 5 0P and use the model simulations to answer the questions This tutorial will help you learn how to build the model and how to visualize the results In the next chapter you will start the tutorial by familiarizing yourself with IGW main window and working menus Following chapters will guide you through a step by step tutorial that will let you build the model and simulate results You will start with a simple model and add complexity to it as you go The tutorial will give you the flexibility of experimenting and exploring the capabilities of IGW 5 0P CHAPTER 2 STARTING AND EXPLORING IGW This chapter will show you how to start the program and give you an overview of the software interface If you are using the interactive hypertext version of this tutorial then you have already started the software and you may continue to Section 2 2 2 1 STARTING IGW The easiest way to start the program 15 to use the Windows Start menu Step 1 Click on the Start button open the Programs sub menu then the Interactive Groundwater sub menu and then select IGW 5 0P This assumes the software has been installed correctly and using the default paths You will see a splash screen with the software credits You can either wait 15 seconds for the screen to expire or click on the OK button to continue INTERACTIVE GROUND WATER GIS enabled Computational Steering Environment for Integrat
22. 1 DISCRETIZING THE MODEL 4 2 SOLVING THE MODEL CHAPTER 5 VIEWING MODEL OUTPUTS 5 1 VIEWING HEAD AND VELOCITY FIELDS 5 2 DEFINING AND VIEWING CROSS SECTIONS CHAPTER 6 CHANGING DISPLAY OPTIONS 6 1 CHANGING DISPLAY IN MODEL AREA 6 2 CHANGING DISPLAY FOR CROSS SECTION CHAPTER 7 EXPLORING THE CURSOR ACTIVATED TABLE 7 1 THE CAT INTERFACE 7 2 ADDING REMOVING FIELDS IN CAT RA ON Un 24 25 26 26 26 28 28 31 33 33 34 CHAPTER 8 EXPLORING THE ATTRIBUTE EXPLORER WINDOW 8 1 THE ATTRIBUTE EXPLORER WINDOW 8 2 MODEL EXPLORER 8 3 ATTRIBUTE INPUT PANE 8 4 EDITING FEATURES IN MODEL EXPLORE PANE CHAPTER 9 PARTICLE TRACKING 9 1 FORWARD PARTICLE TRACKING 9 2 BACKWARD PARTICLE TRACKING 9 3 INITIALIZING THE PARTICLES 9 4 INITIALIZING THE CLOCKS CHAPTER 10 ADDING COPLEXITY TO THE MODEL CHAPTER 11 ADDING LAYERS 11 1 ADDING A NEW MODEL LAYER 11 2 EDITING LAYER ATTRIBUTES 11 3 EDITING OBJECTS IN ALAYER 11 4 ADDING COMPUTATIONAL LAYERS 11 5 PUTTING PARTICLES IN THE APPROPRIATE LAYER 11 6 MODEL OUTPUTS WITH ADDED COMPLEXITY CHAPTER 12 USING SCATTER POINTS 12 1 ADDING SCATTER POINTS 12 2 VISUALIZING RESULTS CHAPTER 13 REFINING THE MODEL 13 1 ADDING MORE FEATURES IN THE MODEL 13 2 ADDING DISPERSIVITY 13 3 REFINING GRID SIZE CHAPTER 14 MODELING CONTAMINATION PLUMES 14 1 MODELING A CONTINUOUS CONCENTRATION SOURCE 14 2 INITIALIZING THE PLUME 14 3 INITIAL
23. 16 77 C Manually Mo Pels Fielt Real Heal Y I FI FI ES 1 Pp EB BS P P 7 Cancel 11 Note First change the units and then input the numerical value When you change units IGW automatically converts the existing numerical value into the new units as seen above when 6800 ft is entered as the x value Getting in this habit will prevent input errors when inputting data into IGW Also after changing units be sure to delete all numbers from the numerical field Some numbers may be present in the field but not visible due to the number having many decimal places Again this helps prevent data errors The Y Length will be calculated automatically based upon the dimensions of the image and YO are coordinates for the left bottom most corner of the picture These are set to zero as the default use the default values Step 5 Click OR Step 6 The Model Scale and Basemap window becomes visible again with the selected basemap as a preview Here you can also make adjustments to the scale and coordinates for the files gt Model Scale and Basemap Basemap Information File name C Program FilessInteractive Groundwater 4 7_9 27 doc tutorial bmp Width 2072 64 Height 1620 5540939628 Ratio Height w idth 0 781879194632353 Please register the following Real World Coordinates ft v o 0e0 A Length 6800 r Y Length 5316 77 OK Cancel Note If you c
24. 2 Click the Define Number of Computational Layers button Define Model Grid Main Model Setting X Length eon Advanced 1 Length EM Discretization Options Nv 38 ui EN Cancel Define number of computational layers Qiscretize 2 OK The Vertical Discretization window appears Vertical Discretization Geological Layer Number of Computational Layers Laver 1 I M Apply to All Layers The layer data appears in the Geological Layer area where each conceptual layer is represented by entry The number of computational layers in that layer 1s indicated in parentheses 1 indicates that there is one computational layer in Layer 1 Step 3 While Layer 1 1 15 selected in Geological Layer area enter the number 2 in the Number of Computational Layers field Step 4 Select Layer 2 1 in the Geological Layer area and enter number 3 in the Number of Computational Layer field Notice the parenthetical numbers update as soon as you type in 2 or 3 Step 5 Click OR You return to the Grid Option window Step 6 Click Discretize OK This will create 2 geological and 5 computational layers in your model 48 11 5 PUTTING PARTICLES IN THE APPROPRIATE LAYER Recall that you had put the particles at Boeing and Cascade sites bottom third depth of the one layered model In your multilayered model you have to put the particle
25. Attribute Elevations for partially penatrating parameters V Top Elevation 10 0000 m E zu Up Use as starting head Z Lower 1 04 Overlapping Elevation Control jw Bottom Elevation Thickness Bottom Elevation 10 Random C Thickness 525 1 vellus poor ater Vertexes _4 Zone Visible C Inactive Area 19 19 All Scatter Points Visibl For Display Color Zone Budget Onl Domain Control Show Interpolation Model 15 3 3 ADDING RECHARGE Recharge can be added to the model in two different ways First recharge can be modeled on a zone basis by accessing the Sources and Sinks tab of Zone 1001 in the AE There are three 3 tabs associated with this subsection Prescribed Head Prescribed Flux and Head Dependent Flux Recharge value are entered under the Prescribed Flux tab in the Recharge field one 1001 Physical Biochemical Aquifer Sources and Scatter Point Nm m Calibration Data FPrescribed Head Cone Prescribed Flux Head Dependent Flux Recharge Concentration This method may present problems if you have more layers in the model that you will later add as you go with the tutorial when trying to model precipitation recharge due to the possibility of layers becoming dry and hence adversely affecting the model solution a detailed description of this problem is not warranted in thi
26. DR SHUGUANG LI AND ASSOCIATES INTERACTIVE GROUNDWATER MODELING IGW TUTORIALS Version 5 0P MICHIGAN STATE OR be im x Bia us Dr Shuguang Li and Associates at Michigan State University MICHIGAN SIATE Bl bat SEE DET IGW Tutorials for Version 5 0P Copyright 2006 by Dr Shuguang Li and Associates at Michigan State University rights reserved Dr Shuguang Li and Associates makes no warranties either express or implied regarding the program IGW and its fitness for any particular purpose or the validity of the information contained in this document The inputs and outputs described herein do not necessarily represent actual field conditions they are only used to illustrate the capabilities of IGW Authors Editors Hassan Abbas Dr Shuguang Li DOCUMENT VERSION 2008 1 http www egr msu edu lishug TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 STRUCTURE OF THE TUTORIAL 2 THE PROBLEM AND THE AVAILABLE DATA 9 CONCEPTUAL MODEL 4 COMMENTS CHAPTER 2 STARTING AND EXPLORING IGW 2 1 STARTING IGW 2 2 IGW INTERFACE 2 3 COMMENTS CHAPTER 3 SETTING UP A MODEL 3 1 IMPORTING A BASEMAP 3 2 DEFINING THE MODEL DOMAIN 3 3 ADDING RECHARGE 3 4 ADDING A SURFACE WATER FEATURE IN THE MODEL 3 5 ADDING WELL FEATURES 3 6 SAVING THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL 3 7 SAVING THE DISPLAY AS A PICTURE 3 8 OPENING A SAVED MODEL CHAPTER 4 OBTAINING A SOLUTION 4
27. ER 19 CONCLUSION This tutorial was designed to move you from the realm of IGW beginner to that of IGW user After completing all of the sections you should have a good idea of the capabilities of the software However this tutorial is in no way exhaustive There are many more features that are not even mentioned in this document Work continues on the IGW software and all of the associated material You should consult the User s Manual and program Help file for more information and stay alert for periodic software and documentation updates Thank you for taking the time to examine IGW Version 5 0 We hope you find this software to be a powerful and empowering tool in your hydrogeologic endeavors 83 Button Palette Create New Project 1 1 Clicking this button opens a new model without saving the current work It performs the same function as the New Model operation in the File menu Example User Manual Section 3 3 1 Open Model 1 2 Clicking this button allows the user to open a previously saved model in IGW Example User Manual Save Model 1 3 Clicking this button allows the user to save the current model into any desired location Example User Manual Define model domain Import Basemap 1 4 Clicking this button initiates the process of setting a picture file as a basemap in the Working Area by opening the Model Scale and Basemap window Example Domain Basemap User Manual Chapt
28. East well 5 Head Lonc Time Process Mass w ater Balance FH Zone 2001 5 Water Balance MJES Plume Mass Balance Step 4 Discretize the model Step 5 Check the boxes next to Water Balance and Plume Mass Balance This opens two new blank windows that show the Water Balance and the Plume Mass Balance in Zone 2001 Model 1 Water Balance in 7 Sele Model 1 Plume Mass Balance Sele File Display Water Balance Plume Mass Balance File Display t Time Varation z y Plot Instantaneous Lumull f Time Variations Plot F Instantaneous Cumule 71 16 2 OBSERVING THE MASS BALANCE Step 1 Click the Forward button to solve the model Watch the graphical representation of the mass balances In the Water Balance window notice the flux associated with CHead This is the amount of water contributed from any defined Prescribed Head features in the layer Columbia River Notice also that the software indicates the quantities associated with flux to and from layers above and below Step 2 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation You may close the windows at any time after stopping the simulation STO Step 3 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 4 Click the Reset Conc Clock button to reset the clock You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 9 and reset the clock wit
29. IZING THE CONCENTRATION CLOCK CHAPTER 15 UTILIZING A MONITORING WELL 15 1 SETTING UP A MONITORING WELL 15 2 OBSERVING THE MONITORING WELL 35 35 36 38 39 39 42 42 43 53 53 56 58 58 61 63 63 65 67 67 68 111 CHAPTER 16 UTILIZING MASS BALANCES 16 1 SETTING UP AN AREA FOR MASS BALANCE 16 2 OBSERVING THE MASS BALANCE CHAPTER 17 VIEWING THE MODEL IN THREE DIMENSIONS 17 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC FEATURES 17 2 THE CROPPING FUNCTION 17 3 FENCE DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 18 SIMULATING TRANSIENT CONDITIONS 18 1 CHANGING SIMULATION TIME PARAMETERS AND SOLVING CHAPTER 19 CONCLUSION BUTTON PALETTE REFERENCE FROM USER MANUAL 71 71 73 73 75 77 77 83 84 92 1V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This tutorial is designed to step you through some of the basic features of the IGW software Version 4 7 You will get the most out of this tutorial if you work the sections in order and complete all of the sections within a chapter at the same sitting It is recommended that you use the suggested values for each step in the tutorial The suggested values and other appropriate comments appear in bracketed blue text Where not specified use default values default units or both Using the suggested values will walk you through an example providing you with results that are intuitive graphical and instructional The example is very similar to a real world problem however
30. Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Click the Forward button to solve the model Note Unlike all other model features you do not need to discretize the model after adding particle jy features 40 Bul 4 EST Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 30080 days 82 41 years Notice that the contaminant particles are following the velocity gradients as expected Also note WAAD for the time elapsed in the simulation Here the model suggests that Boeing contamination will end up in Columbia River after 82 years but Cascade plume will be captured by the Middle Well Notice that with the particles present the model solution now continuously updates at the time step indicated at the lower left of the main screen You may need to adjust this time step to see any significant changes from one time step to the next You can use SATDI interface to speed up the simulation by changing the Visual Step to a higher number This instructs the software to redraw the simulation at fewer time steps At any time during the simulation you can use Pause button to stop the simulation reset or initialize the particles change the time step reset flow clock or reset particle clock SATDI also provides the current values of these attributes as seen below The numbers in SADTI area correspond to flow simulation at 30 000 days 82 4 years Note These variables are highly dependent on the problem being solve
31. Mi A Overburden Low conductivity deposits Sandstone High conductivity 50 0 m Undifferentiated sediments Low conductivity FIGURE 1 2 1 Conceptual layers and aquifer components Aquifer properties and conceptualization of sources and sinks in the system are illustrated in Figure 1 2 2 Sources in the system include annual deep percolation recharge and leakance from lakes Columbia River and pumping wells are identified as the sinks in the system However Columbia River can act as source if head in the aquifer drops below the stage of the river Contamination concentrations are visualized as plumes in the sandstone layer which represents the main aquifer in our conceptual model Boundary conditions for the north and south of the model corresponding to A and A respectively are also shown in Figure 1 2 2 Boundary to the north is taken as constant head boundary a model boundary at which the head does not change equal to the stage of the Columbia River This approximation is based on the fact that Columbia River is a large water body and its level will not be affected by sources and sinks in the model area The southern boundary is assumed to be a no flow boundary a boundary across which no flow can take place This approximation is based on the assumption that since the layer of undifferentiated sediments very low conductivity pinches out to the surface it effectively blocks any flux entering the aquifer from the so
32. Update button Trend Data Time dau Value 3 Delete Recycle period 0 0e0 e rise Click the OK button You return to the Trend window Step 15 Click the Redraw button The function displayed in the lower half of the Trend window now updates to reflect the nominal value 3 meters as the green line the periodic transients as the blue line the random fluctuations as the yellow line and the overall transient response as the red line 79 lw Data points Edit Iw Random fluctuation Periodic fluctuation with exponential decay Correlation sosle 57 Period peo Standard deviation 05 f Phase difference 00 0 day Recycle period 360 day Decay constant 1 4 Amplitude M m Recycle period O 0e0 Pedan Ok Step 16 Click the OK button Step 2 through Step 16 should be repeated for any other layers that the head dependent body of water affects Next you should solve the model in steady state to provide some initial baseline conditions for the transient simulation Step 17 Discretize the model Step 18 Click the Forward button to solve the model Step 19 Click the Pause button to stop the simulation The presence of particles makes the model continue translating the particles but you will need to stop it before switching to transient conditions for the sake of a more clear view of the results Step 20 Click the S
33. WELL Monitoring wells are useful to examine the concentration of a contaminant at a point of interest IGW 4 7 allows you to create monitoring wells that are purely for monitoring purposes or to add monitoring capabilities to wells that are pumping The following steps show this procedure Step 1 In the Attribute Explorer window AE access the East Well that was created in Section 3 0 Step 2 In the Monitoring Well area in the Well Type area click Monitoring Head and Concentration E ast Well Well Location x z3 P w BE Bottom 22 gt i mE Y 1055 M m Iw Use default interval Color Well visi Flow Pate Iw Well visible f Pumping O 80 Iw Label visible C Transient Injection ofa J Equals to z of U in Mane Mone Head Correction Constant 0e0 C Transient t Equals ta of Conc in f Mone Monitoring Well iw Monitoring Head and Concentration Options Monitoring Probability Distribution Step 3 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model 15 2 OBSERVING THE MONITORING WELL You could tell from the plume simulation viewed in Chapter 11 whether or not the plume enters the monitoring well However it is more useful to observe the concentrations experienced in the observation well Note You must have discretized the model to see the Time Process Selector in
34. add transient features to a pre existing Prescribed Head body of water Of course there are a myriad number of other transient stresses that can exist and more information about adding such features can be found in the IGW User s Manual Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Use the Layer Selector to select the desired layer For this example select Layer 1 Access the Attribute Explorer window AE Select a zone that corresponds to a head dependent body of water this being the Columbia River here in the example Click on the Sources and Sinks tab in the Attribute Input pane to access that level In the Prescribed Head area select the disabled Transient button Click the newly enabled Transient button Columbia River Physical Biochemical Aquiler Properties Properties Elevations Sources and Scatter Point ase Sinks Calibration Data Prescribed Head Conc Prescribed Flux Head Dependent Flux Two way River rJ Transient Concentration een Bottom Elevation f Constant 22 965 EN Same as Elevation Leakance f Constant 5 b Sediment Properties Head Dependent Flus One way an Leakance f Elevation 0 0e0 AE f Same as Elevation Evapotranspiration MaxET 00 0 nehevea Depthd fi Depth 2 joo ft General Head Dependent Flux Concentration po
35. al Aquifer Elevations TEMO i Calibration Data Model Explore Properties pane where Hydraulic Conductivity storage Terms XXXX is Conductivity Hh Specific Yield number assigned Specific Storage by the software In n ud example this B sive Molecular Diffusion Orientation of 7 is Zones 1001 Orientation of Dw In previous versions of IGW nidis Dez nothing appeared the serene mU ES m Attribute Input pane as it was m Retardation po Orient 2 n just a placeholder Now this is Multipliers for Partitioning Kd Local Dispersion Sensitivity Analysis region Soil Patice Long which can be applied to Density Trans n Physical Properties Aquifer Effective vet E Elevations Calibration Data Porosity and Sources and Sinks First Order Decay Decay Coeff A more detailed discussion of Half Life this feature and its usefulness is found in the User s Apply this setting to polygons in all other layers Manual Step 6 Click on one of the zones that are in the Zones XX XX group for our example click on Zone 1001 The Attribute Input pane now displays a multi layered section for entering information about this particular zone Notice this is where you entered data for the parent zone and water body sources sinks you defined in previous sections one 1001 Physical Biochemical Aquifer Source
36. ant Modify aquifer dimensions with more detailed data on aquifer elevations Add heterogeneity to aquifer parameters Add contamination plumes and Add dispersivity in transport modeling As you will add more complexity to the model you will also learn more features of IGW for visualization of results You will learn how to visualize Complex cross sections Different types of 3D sections Water budgets Mass balance and Break though curves 43 CHAPTER 11 ADDING LAYERS This section describes how you can add model geological layers and or computational layers in a model Each geological layer has its own properties sources and sinks and boundary conditions Computational layers can be added within the geological layers All computational layers within a geological layer have the same properties and boundary conditions Sources and sinks within the computational layers are based on their elevations e g elevations of the well screens There are two ways to add a layer in IGW The first is to access the File menu then the Create New Model sub menu then select Layer This creates a new layer below the original layer that has no features defined in it The second method is beneficial if there is a zone in the current layer that would be useful to import into the new layer This is the case as we will be using the same boundaries thus the same parent zone as the first layer However the boundary justifications are differ
37. as copied from IGW allows you add edit or delete attributes of any layer in model You can edit layer attributes such a elevations hydraulic properties and stresses The following procedure will show you how to edit layer elevations and other properties For the simplified conceptual model of Figure 3 0 0 you lumped aquifer properties and modeling features in one model layer You now have a 2 layer model to represent more complex conceptual model of Figure 1 2 2 To re assign aquifer elevations and different hydraulic conductivities to each model layer follow these steps Step 1 Use the Layer Selector sliding button to go to Layer 1 Step 2 Click the Select a Zone button and then click in model zone Zone 1001 Step 3 Access AE and select Aquifer Elevations tab Step 4 Go to Bottom Elevation Thickness area select unit m and enter value 10 for bottom elevation Step 5 Select Physical Properties tab Step 6 In the Conductivity field change units to m day and enter 5 Step 7 Now select Zone 2001 under Layer 2 within the AE model explorer pane Step 8 Select Aquifer Elevations tab Step 9 Uncheck the Elevation see note at the end Step 10 Go to Bottom Elevation Thickness area select unit m and enter value 50 for bottom elevation Step 11 Select Physical Properties tab Step 12 In the Conductivity field change units to m
38. cispersion Specific Storage ps Soil Particle Density B5 Effective Porosity EolouFattem Vertexes 4 Zone Visible Active Transparent Je acre Foi rea Iv pira oints C Inactive Color Zone Budget C For Display Domain Control Show Interpolation Model Step 4 Perform the following steps to assign conductivity and elevation values a b c d e Notice the six 6 tabs for Zone 1001 allowing the user to define various properties of the zone Under the Physical Properties tab check the box next to Conductivity Before entering a value for conductivity make sure you have the right units selected To select the units just keep clicking on the blue unit box until the desired units m day comes up Enter the value 20 in the required field after the units are set Click the Aquifer Elevations tab Check the Top Elevation box change units to m and enter a value of 10 Check the Bot Elev Thickness box Check the radio button for Bottom Elevation or make sure it is checked change unit to m and enter a value 50 in the associated field Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree Zone 1001 Project 4 Main Model Physical Biochemical Aquifer Sources and Scatter Point ere 21 BB se Properties Elevations Sinks Control Calibration Data Zones 1001 uM done 1001 Aquifer Elevations
39. d East Well respectively You have just copied the wells from Layer 1 to Layer 2 and deleted the same in Layer 1 You cannot copy and paste particle from one layer to another To remove particles from Layer 1 Step 1 Use the Layer Selector sliding button to go to Layer 1 Step 2 Click on Delete all particles button to remove particles from Layer 1 You will add particles in Layer 2 at a later stage Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree Main Model Cross sections Gg Cross section 1 Up to this point you have added an additional layer in your ih Layer 1 model reassigned aquifer elevations and hydraulic properties B Zones 1001 to each layer deleted particles and wells from Layer 1 and P Zone 1001 added wells in Layer 2 This setup conforms to your id conceptual model of Figure 1 2 2 In the AE Model explorer 9 Zones 2001 pane the model hierarchical structure now looks as shown in o E the opposite figure eid wel East Well 94 3D Attributes Se SDAtt 1 11 4 ADDING COMPUTATIONAL LAYERS Computational layers help refine numerical simulations Any model layer can be divided into desired number of computational layers The following steps will show you how you can divide the top layer in 2 computational layers and bottom one in three Step 1 Click the Set Simulation Grid button cer ee 47 The Define Model Grid window appears Step
40. d and the speed capacity of the computer running the simulation Therefore this tutorial leaves it to the reader to optimize these values Setting DT to 160 and using a visual step of 4 DT will give you good visualization results Step 7 Stop the simulation by clicking the Pause button Time Step DT pe pe 2 Flows Time Po Flume Time 0 0e0 Farticle Time 0644 Flume Step 172 DT Particle Step 172 DT Visual Step 4 OT 4 9 2 BACKWARD PARTICLE TRACKING The following steps show you how to backward track a plume of contaminants This is useful if you are trying to determine where some pollution came from Step 1 Click the Backward Particle Tracking button rm Watch the particles moving backwards and the time elapsed clock counting towards zero and going into the numbers Step 2 Stop the simulation by clicking the Pause button STOP d 9 3 INITIALIZING THE PARTICLES Step 1 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location i e erasing the particles off the screen and returning them to their original starting position in the model 9 4 INITIALIZING THE CLOCKS Step 1 Click the Reset Particle Clock button to reset the clock The time elapsed clock in the WAAD returns to days Note There are three similar looking buttons on the Button Palette in the 10 row Each of these buttons
41. day and enter 30 Note IGW will automatically assign the top elevation of bottom layer as the bottom elevation of top layer so you do not need to separately enter top elevation for bottom layer 11 3 EDITING OBJECTS IN ALAYER According to the conceptual model of Figure 1 2 2 the wells are screened in the bottom layer The contamination plumes are also in the bottom layer The following steps will show you how to copy objects from one layer to the other and how to delete edit add features in model layers Step 1 Use the Layer Selector sliding button to go to Layer 1 Step 2 Click the Select a well and edit it button and click on the Middle Well in the model area The selected well turns red Q 46 Step 3 Right click on the selected well A menu pops up Click on copy in the popup menu Step 4 Use the Layer Selector sliding button to go to Layer 2 Step 5 Right click any where in the model area of Layer 2 A menu pops up Click on paste in the popup menu Middle well is copied with all its attributes and location in Layer 2 Step 6 Repeat steps 1 to 5 to copy East well into Layer 2 as well Step 7 Access AE Step 8 In the Model explore pane right click on Wells 1001 in Layer 1 A popup menu appears Click Delete in the popup menu The two wells under Wells 1001 are deleted from Layer 1 Step 9 Within the Model explore pane select Layer 2 and rename the wells as Middle Well an
42. defining model features will be done in the Working Area so let us first import the aerial map in Figure 1 1 1 in the Working Area to use as a basemap in defining our model features Step 1 Select the Set Domain and Register a Basemap button located at Row 1 Column 4 of the button palette This brings up the Model Scale and Basemap window 10 Step 2 Step 3 Model Scale and Basemap Load Basemap Clear Basemap Please register the following Real World Coordinates xojo ft ft Mlengh xenas YLlengh o4ne2 Cancel Click the Load Basemap button This brings up the Open window in which you can navigate to any files within your computer Browse to the location that your basemap is located select it and click the Open button The suggested basemap is located at http www egr msu edu hydrology Research software igw trial version htm If you open BMP GIF or JPEG file the Vectorization of Raster Pictures window appears go to Step 3 If you open a SHP or DXF file go to Step 7 these files do not need to be vectorized Step 4 Set the origin coordinates and the image lengths corresponding to the real world At a minimum you should set the XLength 6800 ft as the horizontal distance that the basemap covers in the real world Vectorization of Raster Pictures fe Automatically 0 0 0e0 Po D Den AE Length Bann Length 153
43. del boundaries you can define the parent zone along these boundaries Having decided the model boundaries you can proceed to Step 1 Step 1 Click the Create New Arbitrary Zone and Assign Property button located at row 2 column 2 of the button palette The cursor is now initialized to add zones in the working area Step 2 Create a zone that corresponds to your pre determined boundaries in this case choose the entire working area A zone is created by selecting points cyclically around the area you wish to enclose as the zone Click the mouse at a location on the zone boundary Move to another location and repeat When you have finished double click the mouse 13 Boemg d1 Y Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Note You can easily define a rectangle by holding down the shift key before clicking the mouse on the first point and then simply moving the cursor to the opposite end of the rectangle and clicking the mouse again A zone is now defined that covers the entire area of the model screen This zone will be referred to as the parent zone The edges of the zone will now appear red in the model screen indicating that the zone is selected any modeling feature when it is marked or selected in IGW Working Area appears in bold face red Step 3 Assign attributes for the newly defined zone Click the Explorer Attribute Explorer button in th
44. e Select Scatter Point button Example User Manual Section 7 7 Add 3D Attribute Model 5 3 This feature allows the user to treat the entire model by adding recharge to the first active layer within 86 EEE each node of the simulation for which these boundaries are established For instance it could be that the water table is not present until layer 3 in the model and therefore it makes sense to only apply recharge to this layer versus the top layer for best results The user outlines a portion of the active area or the entire active area if so desired to apply this feature and once discretized the model will add active recharge evaporation only to the active layers Example User Manual Select 3D Attribute Model 5 4 Clicking this button allows the user to select any of the 3D attribute sub models that were created in the above step for adding recharge to an active layer of the simulation This feature is identical to selecting a zone within a model Example User Manual Set Simulation Time Parameters 6 1 Clicking this button allows the user to edit the time parameters associated with the model by opening the Simulation Time Parameters window Example User Manual Chapter 11 Set Edit Default Parameters for the Active Model 6 2 Clicking this button allows the user to change the model parameters of the active modeling layer assigned to zones when they are created by opening the De
45. e presented in Chapter 13 The model must be discretized see Chapter 12 before attempting to solve or else an error message will appear Example User Manual Chapter 13 14 and 12 Reset Flow Clock 10 1 Clicking this button resets the Flow Time display in the Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface and the flow component of the elapsed time displayed in the Working Area Attribute Display Example User Manual Reset Concentration Clock 10 2 Clicking this button resets the Plume Time display in the Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface and the plume component of the elapsed time displayed in the Working Area Attribute Display Example User Manual Initialize Plume 10 3 Clicking this button returns all concentration plumes to their original locations and resets the concentration values for all cells in the model Example User Manual Section 14 3 Reset Particle Clock 10 4 Clicking this button resets the Particle Time display in the Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface and the particle component of the elapsed time displayed in the Working Area Attribute Display Example User Manual Section 3 4 89 E 60 Add Text 11 1 Clicking this button allows the user to add a text field in the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click at a point in the Working Area to designate a text field Example User Manual The clicked point
46. e top right corner of IGW screen to access the Attributes Explorer Window AE Alternately drag the window from the lower right hand corner of the Windows screen and into the middle AE is explained in greater detail in Chapter 8 Even more details are given in IGW User s Manual In the Attributes Explorer window you can see that Zone 1001 is highlighted in the left hand pane This corresponds to the edges of the zone highlighted with thick red line in the working area i e it has been selected Zone 1001 is the default name assigned to the zone You can edit the name by clicking once on it and then typing any name you wish For this tutorial we will go with the default name Since Zone 1001 is the parent zone for the model you should assign it as Domain Control zone by checking in the box at the bottom left of the AE window as shown below 14 Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree 5504 Zone 1001 Project d Main Model Physical Biochemical Aquifer Sources and Scatter Point 2 B ise Properties Properties Elevations Sinks Control Calibration Data Zones 1001 qv Zone 1001 Hydraulic Conductivity r Molecular Diffusion Conductivity 0 0e0 2799 D zz m 2 day Kx Kz Oen xv degree ientali TE Orien xz of Local Dispersion Orientation of jeqree m Kx Kz Long Trans Storage Terms Vert Specific Yield Lo Wiecro
47. ed Determinitic Stochastic and Multiscale Modeling New Paradigm for Real Time Simulation Visualization Analysis and Presentation Laboratory of Excellence for Realtime Computing and Multiscale Modeling Copyright 1997 2006 at Michigan State University http www egr msu edu igw System Info A full screen IGW window appears See Figure 2 1 1 Interactive Groundwater 5 0P gt Untitled File Modeling 615 30 Weusicaton Utities Display Help Tip of the Day X Did you know Press CTRL key hold down both mouse buttons for midde button on a 3button mouse to change 3d lace scale Plume Sie 1 207 __ Frequently Asked Questions Particle Step 1 20T Step by Step Tutorial 10T Visual Step 1 D Help 2t 2157 F sionismo dd ev day pw p pil MEM SM p EJ Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Ge mh c de Vertex Coordinates FIGURE 2 1 1 Start up window for IGW 5 0P 2 2 IGW INTERFACE The first thing you notice is the Tip of the Day Window which gives you a new tip every time you start the software If you want to disable this function deselect the Show tips as startup box before closing the window You can also access the Frequently Asked Questions file access the hypertext version of this tutorial or open the Help file by clicking the appropriate button You may also access the Help file at any
48. ent the north boundary is a constant head due to the river the south boundary is a no flow boundary because the aquifer pinches off and the east and west boundaries are no flow boundaries because of the regional flow direction 11 1 ADDING A NEW MODEL LAYER First make sure that the desired zone 1s selected by verifying the active red boundary around the zone in question 1 the basemap boundary or Zone 1001 Step 1 Click the Select a Zone button The cursor is now initialized to select a zone in the Working Area R Step 2 Click the mouse anywhere within the desired zone Zone 1001 The zone should now be highlighted with red borders if it wasn t already Note if there are sub zones inside a bigger zone then clicking in any sub zone will only select the sub zone In this example in order to select the parent zone you should click the mouse inside the parent zone but outside the sub zones representing the lakes and the river Step 3 Press Alt L on the keyboard The Add new layer s window appears Add new layer s How many new layers will be added 7 Step 4 Enter the desired number of layers to add In this example you will only add 1 layer Step 5 Click the OK button Set Layers Position window pops up Here you can move the New Layer s above or below the existing layer s by using the arrow keys For this example the new layer will go below the existing Layer 1
49. ent Flux Sources and Sinks Head Dependent Flus One way m rl Leakance de f Elevation 0 DeD f Same as Top Elevation Evapotranspiration MaxET Depth ft Depth 2 one General Head Dependent Flus Concentration P Leakance Source Head EM iw one Visible All Scatter Points u Vertexes 9 Area acre Zone Budget Show Interpolation Model A well is simply another type of source or sink depending if it s a pumping well sink or injection well source The following steps illustrate how to add a pumping well to the model Recall that in our conceptual model we have two resident s wells pumping from the sandstone aquifer To put the wells in the second model layer row 2 column 4 of the button o Step 2 Click the Add a New Well button located at palette The cursor 15 now initialized to add well features to the model Step 3 Bring the cursor to the approximate location where a well is to be located in this example first at a location between Blue Lake and Fairview Lake and then at the eastern end of Blue Lake and click once A well is added at that location appearing as a red dot Move the cursor to the next desired location and again click once Another well is added at this location Notice that the latter well now appears as red and the former one turns blue The locations of the two pump
50. er 5 Reset Toolbar 2 1 Clicking this button resets the cursor from any previous state such as help mode or draw mode The cursor 1s initialized to select new buttons or perform other functions Example User Manual Create Zone Assign Properties 2 2 Clicking this button allows the user to define a zone polygon within the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click within the Working Area to define points that denote the outline of the zone Example User Manual Chapter 7 Create a new polyline and assign property 2 3 Clicking this button allows the user to define a polyline a series of line segments within the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click within the Working Area to define points that correspond to the line segment endpoints Example User Manual Chapter 8 Add Well 2 4 Clicking this button allows the user to define a well point within the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click within the Working Area to define a point that corresponds to the location of the well Example User Manual Chapter 9 84 Um A E Modify Existing Zone 3 1 Clicking this button allows the user to replace the active zone with another zone without having to redefine the zone attributes or any associated scatter points The first click of the button brings up one of two windows
51. er the select a polyline within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click on a polyline in the Working Area to select it This 15 alternatively referred to as making the polyline active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window Example User Manual Section 8 2 Select Edit Well 3 4 Clicking this button allows the user the select a well within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click on a well in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the well active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window Example User Manual Section 9 2 Add Single Particle 4 1 Clicking this button allows the user to add a single particle in the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click within the Working Area to define a point that corresponds to the desired location of the particle Example User Manual Chapter 10 Add Particles Inside Polygon 4 2 Clicking this button allows the user to add a group of particles in the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply define a zone that outlines the desired location of the particles within the Working Area Once the zone is defined the Particles window appears prompting the
52. et Simulation Time Parameters button located at Row 6 Column 1 of the button palette The Simulation Time Parameters window appears 80 Simulation Time Parameters Steady State Simulation Length 65 Simulation Time Step heo day Visualization Step mmm Humber of Substeps Flume I Number of Substeps Particles 2 iw Stop when Simulation Length ls Reached Iw Controlled by flow time Controlled by plume time Controlled by particles time Syncronize Clocks for Main and All SubModels Reset And Syncronize Main Sub Model Clocks T Also Including Clocks of Model Objects caters w alls Cancel Step 21 Select Transient State Step 22 Click the OK button Step 23 Click the Forward button to solve the model E You can observe the working area of IGW With every visualization step the head and velocity fields are updated The particle motion contaminant transport 1s also affected by changing head and velocity fields A snapshot of transient simulation after 44 years and 66 years 15 shown below Notice that the plume reaches close to East Well Also notice that the shape of the plume is different from the one before 81 Step 24 olumbia Rive wmm UT 4 L L4 ET auti Layer 2 3 Transient Flow Time Elapsed 24160 days 66 19 years Click the Pause button to stop the simulation 82 CHAPT
53. fault Attribute window Example User Manual Chapter 6 Define Cross section 6 3 Clicking this button allows the user to create a cross section by defining its extent as a series of line segments within the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply click within the Working Area to define points that correspond to the desired cross section line segment endpoints Example User Manual Chapter 16 Select Cross section 6 4 Clicking this button allows the user to select a cross section within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click on a cross section in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the cross section active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window Example User Manual Section 16 2 Deep Discretization 7 1 Clicking this button allows the user to adjust the nodal grid by opening the Define Model Grid window Example User Manual Chapter 12 87 Shallow Discretization 7 2 Clicking this button applies the changes made in a conceptual model onto the numerical model also referred to as discretizing the changes Example User Manual Chapter 12 Create Submodel 7 3 Clicking this button allows the user to define a submodel polygon within the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the use
54. h pixels 30 Use Color Ramp Equal Vector Length Cancel Step 8 Click the Color button The Color window is now open Step 9 Click a yellow color or any other that you feel will be effective then click OK You return to the Velocity Draw Option window You can explore other options in this window Step 10 Check the Equal Vector Length box set Max Display Sequence top to bottom Vector Length pixels to 20 and click the OK button You return to Display Options for Model 1 window In the PE Display Options for Model 1 window you can see the Display Sequence top to bottom area This area shows the order of display for the model screen 1 the last item on the list 15 displayed below the other items In some cases it may be helpful to adjust these settings or to remove non essential elements It is left to you to experiment with these settings I W Use model level display option 30 Step 11 Click the button Notice that by giving a color to the contours which more contrasting with the background gives a better visualization of head distribution in the model Moreover by drawing the velocity vectors of equal length you can better visualize the flow filed in Layer 1 which was not very prominent in default display settings Display settings are universal and apply to all model layers 7 2v or olumbia 2
55. h respect to them Step 5 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 6 Click the Reset Particle Clock button Model 1 Water Balance in 7 Model 1 Plume Mass Balance Sele File Display File Display Water Balance Plume Mass Balance f Time Vanation ww Plot Instantaneous C Cumul f Time Variation s y Plot Instantaneous Cumule 72 CHAPTER 17 VIEWING THE MODEL IN THREE DIMENSIONS The software allows the user to view results in three dimensions and manipulate the view by rotating and cropping transposing the image as desired 3D Visualization in IGW 15 dynamic every time it is executed the model is updated immediately with results displayed on the spot This example gives a very brief overview of these capabilities 17 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC FEATURES Following steps will guide you through 3D visualization process Step 1 X Click on the 3D Visualization tab at the top of the screen and then click Show as 3D Volume Interactive Groundwater 4 7 gt C Documents an Fie Modeling GIS FH Utilities Display Help Show as 3D Surface m Show as 30 Volume A new screen will appear Note this screen may appear behind your current view in which case minimize the working area to reveal this window Model 1 3D Visualization eeeooogseeo Reset Fit All Redraw Option Exit 73 a In the window
56. hange the Y Length value the picture does not distort but the software does display extra space as white in the Working Area Step 7 Click OR The program returns to the main screen with the desired basemap as the background in the Working Area 12 A Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years IGW also allows you to bring in multiple files Simply repeat the steps above to bring in another file and it automatically merges with the present basemap This means that the pictures are both visible and scaled but now become one image in the software Therefore if you import an incorrect picture or assign the wrong scale you will have to clear the entire merged basemap set Once the basemap is imported you can define areas and features that correspond to it 3 2 DEFINING THE MODEL DOMAIN The first step in modeling with IGW is to define a parent zone that encompasses the area over which the solution will apply We generally would like to define this zone with boundaries at places where water does not flow through or where the head is known In hydrogeology these are known as the no flow boundary conditions or constant head boundary conditions respectively We already discussed boundary conditions in Section 1 2 Please refer to Section 7 6 of User s Manual for more details on assigning zone attributes The problem area is now represented by a base map in IGW Once you have decided about the mo
57. he Create a new arbitrary zone and assign property button The cursor 1s initialized to draw the new zone Step 5 Draw a polygon tracing along the edge of Blue Lake in the basemap as explained in Section 3 4 Step 6 Access AE and do the following a Click once on the newly created polygon in the Model Explore pane and rename it Blue Lake b Click on Sources and Sinks tab then select Head Dependent Flux tab c Check box next to Head Dependent Flux Two way d From the dropdown menu below the check box select Lake e Goto Stage field select unit m and add value 3 f Go to Bottom Elevation area Check radio button next to Constant select unit m and add value 2 in the field g to Leakance area Check radio button next to Constant select unit 1 day and add value 0 1 in the field Step 8 Repeat steps 4 to 6 to add Fairview Lake in the model Use Pond from the drop down menu stage as 3 5 m bottom elevation as 0 m and leakance as 0 1 day Step 9 Discretize and run the model 58 The modeling results are shown below Notice the change in cross section showing the newly added lakes with the Middle Well between the two Cross section 1 12 73 LEE EA A 35 27 m OD Y 0 1 1 1 pb your OC NA 00 Y t 0 TEP WFR Guess FrEE t
58. he WAAD and subsequently type in information to augment the software title for the present model state There is a small box below the Model Screen indicated by the phrase Vertex Coordinates Interface VCT This is known as the Coordinate Locator and allows the user to manually type in coordinates used to define a feature in the model as opposed to clicking the mouse in the Working Area Most of the left hand portion of the window contains a Button Palette This palette provides you with one click access to the most commonly used features in IGW Where ever you see one of the button icons in this document ctrl click will take you to its explanation definition Windows standard hovering feature is available for all buttons on the palette A bubble box briefly appears near the cursor when the cursor 1s placed over a button This bubble box is informing you as to the functionality of the button Title Bar and Menu Bar explained in User s Manual Section 3 2 Layer Selector Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface SATDI Working Area Display Tools and Cursor Activated Table CAT are explained in this document as and when these are encountered during the tutorial Step 2 Clicking on create a new project button row 1 column 1 button will open a fresh working area window to start a new project By default IGW opens with a new project window and you may not have to use this button when you open IGW Step 3 Clicki
59. he layers in model display area The Layer Selector is a simple tool for quickly accessing different layers within the model As mentioned before it is located in the upper right hand corner of the IGW window The Geo and Comp fields display respectively the geological Model 1 and computational layer currently being accessed and displayed in the Working Area The color filled square visually represents the geological layers with different arbitrarily assigned colors Intuitively the top layer in the conceptual model corresponds to the top color it can be thought of as a very crude cross section The arrow marker to the right of the square is a selector that can be clicked on and dragged to the desired layer represented by a notch associated with each layer color The desired layer can also be selected by directly clicking on the notch Notice that there are as many tick marks along the layer selector sliding button as there are total number of computational layers 2 3 5 You can slide the button to any tick mark and the corresponding computational layer will be selected The selected layer will display in the Working Area and will also be highlighted in the cross sectional view with a red border see the cross section below Notice the display in the top fields which show that Geo layer 2 and Comp layer 3 is selected You can watch the plan view of the model as you move between the
60. hemical process parameters and particle visualization settings Step 3 Project Name Manager Team Location Client Description Preferences Main Model cs Import Basemap and Define Model Domain F e Set Simulation Time Parameters Ert Define Model Grid alt Change Model Solvers ea Use Model Level Display Option en l uh bs Downecaling Upscaling Settings Synchronize Submodels with Model in Next Discretization 36 Step 4 Click on Layer FLari l located below Define Default Model Parameter Values for This Layer Mai 1 Model in TOT 0 1 TepElevaion 3280 amp Suse the Model Specific Storage 3 048e4 Explore pang Starting Head F The Attribute Input pane now i Recharge O0e0 finches displays a Thickness I31 233 collection of Bandom fields in which you may enter 03 Partitioning Coeff Kd specific data for pu ete 228 this layer Most Random Fandom of these values are Sail Particle Density 2 65000 p m 3 accessible at other Retardation Factor Conductivity 164 041 points within the software Emm Dry Re wetting Criteria Keg Kx Kz 10 Orientation of Apply this setting to all other layers d Orientation of 0 0e0 dearee ion of 10 0 Step 3 Click on Zones Multipliers For Sensitivity Analysis XXXX n the Physic
61. in the appropriate layer In this case you will put the particles in the middle computational layer of the second geological layer Step 1 From the Layer Selector move the sliding button to the middle computational layer of second geological layer Step 2 Add particles at Boeing and Cascade sites as you did in section 9 1 Model 2 Notice the change in Model Explore plane of AE Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree a4 E Project Main Model 2 8 Cross sections Cross section 1 i Layer 1 lt P Zones 1001 P Zone 1001 P Columbia River wells 1001 East well Middle Well Layer 2 4 Zones 2001 TP Zone 2001 ParticlesGroup 2001 f ParticleZones 2001 fi Particlezone 2001 EFT Particlefone 2002 3D Attributes Op SDAtt 1 Step 3 Click the Forward button This will solve the model with added layers and particles placed in second geological layer 11 6 MODEL OUTPUTS WITH ADDED COMPLEXIT Y We have just solved the model after adding one more model layer and dividing the two model layers in five more computational layers IGW allows you to readily see the impact of this added complexity on the model solution for each computational layer The software updates and redraws the working area and cross sections as the model is solved 49 a Visualizing Head in Each Layer Geo 2 Comp 3 a You can use Layer Selector to move through t
62. ing vertices appearing as black squares or 2 Defining new vertices by clicking and dragging on line segment midpoints appearing as blue crosses If a vertex is moved so that it lies directly between two other vertices the software will automatically eliminate that vertex as it is redundant and no longer necessary See the sections on redefining features Section 7 3 for zones and Section 8 3 for polylines for more information When the model is running the cursor turns into an hourglass 94 95
63. ing wells just added into the model are highlighted with yellow circles below 19 Step 4 f n Pie 2 Haoemg 41 J A Layer 2 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Access the AE to assign attributes for the newly defined wells You will see two new wells in the Attribute Explore pane of AE with default names Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Edit well names as Middle Well and East Well Select Middle Well In the Well Location Area enter the exact location coordinates of the well Choose unit to m and enter values X 673 0 Y 957 0 Make sure that Pumping is selected in the Well Type area The other options are Injection and None In the Flow Rate area select Constant Change the unit field menu to the desired units GPM For this example we will use the standard GPM gallons per minute Enter a value in the Constant field of 80 The values indicate water being withdrawn from the well 20 Attributes Explorer e L3 Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree ELEM Middle Well Main Model Well Location 9 Zone 1001 Bottom 2029 EE _ Size Columbia River wells 100 Iw Use default interval E ETE Well visible 3D Attributes Pumping Constant 80 W Label visible oe SDAtt 1 Injection nd of 0 in None
64. ion Wo fw Seepage Velocity in r Direction Ve Iw Seepage Velocity in Direction Cone fe Plume Concentration Aivleak w Hiver Leakance AirvHead w Hiver Stage RivBotE River Bottom Elevation Select All DmLeak Drain Leakance DmElev w Drain Elevation Aquifer Aquiter Type Unselect All Cell Cell State Bound Index of Head Bound Calibration Head Caib C Calibration Concentration Calibration Canductreity Step 2 Check uncheck the fields that you want don t want in the CAT Step 2 Click the button to close the window 2 Coordinate Y Coordinate Gand Pr Aquifer Tap Elevation Real Top Elevation Aquifer Bottom Elevation Thickness Porosity Conductivity Transmizsivity Anisotropy Factor xy Anisotropy Factor xz Anisotropy Orientation xy Anisotropy Orientation 2 34 CHAPTER 8 EXPLORING THE ATTRIBUTE EXPLORER WINDOW This short chapter will introduce you in greater detail to the Attribute Explorer window AE Previous versions of IGW refer to this tool as the Attribute Input and Model Explorer window AIME Version 4 7 shortens this to the Attribute Explorer AE You have been using the AE to input values for the features that you have defined in the previous chapters Here you will explore some extra features of the AE 8 1 THE ATTRIBUTE EXPLORER WINDOW Bring the AE to a visible location You will notice there are two tabs in the Attributes Explorer
65. irrr NEN FFEFER FREER Pl JANE EM Lr rdg bps 1 1 1 c DEED cr 1 or QUE LLI gl in o or d 1 3 NEW LiF MESS s uM I amp 07 701E 101g 46001 ta 5 n 497 00 You can see the impact on the shape of head contours in different layers using the layer selector The following figure shows middle computational layer of the second geological layer Notice that as the smaller lakes are added to the model the path of contamination particles is changed After 68 years of simulation the Boeing plume ends up in Columbia River and Cascade plume instead of being captured by the Middle Well also seems heading towards the river Important Note the position of the pumping well as it appears in the cross section Although the well coordinates are exactly in the middle of the two lakes yet it appears closer to the edge Fairview Lake This is because the model shifts the well to the nearest grid node If the model grid is too coarse the shift in the well location can be significant You will be able to address this issue when you refine the model grid p i Layer 2 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 24960 days 68 38 years 59 13 2 ADDING DISPERSIVITY This section shows you how to perform particle tracking in the presence of dispersivity The following steps walk you through adding dispersivity to the model and viewing the results in terms of
66. is to reset the simulation time clock The first one from left is to reset flow simulation clock the second one to reset concentration simulation transport clock and the fourth one to reset particle simulation clock Note the letters F T and P in the lower left corners on the respective buttons to differentiate them for each other Until this point you have created a simple model You learnt to add features into the model and assign edit features attributes You have learnt to create cross sectional profiles and change display options both for model area and cross sections You have also learnt to do particle tracking and use this feature to answer the question as to whether or not the contamination in the area can affect the pumping wells 42 CHAPTER 10 ADDING COPLEXITY TO THE MODEL The principal of parsimony is important to develop a model It is usually helpful to start with most essential basic elements of the model then add more complexity as the model develops IGW allows you to add complexity to your model in an incremental manner IGW also allows you to visualize the impact of every change on the model predictions In the following chapters you will learn to add complexity to the basic model that you have created You will e additional model layers and computational layers to represent the aquifer in more details Add more features and elements in the model which were ignored on the assumption of being less signific
67. k box next to Concentration 68 Step 3 Click the Forward button to solve the model m You can now view the concentration in the monitoring well as the simulation runs Model 1 Time Process at East Well PEE Concentration Breakthrough E I E n D C 20000 Head Realization Mean ste Iw Concentration Mean Mean Std Note the data displayed by the software is an average over the entire length of the well screen The above plot shows that the well starts to capture the plume after approximately 8000 days The concentration in well is approximately 5 ppm after 25000 days Recall that the source concentration is 100 ppm The model predicts that most of the plume ends up in Columbia River we Columbia River n i i d s Ay Qn j em eating A PL E re NL Faad Mart Dean Braman Lehtri Had Layer 2 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 25440 days 69 70 years 69 Step 4 Stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button a The Time Process at X window stays open but no longer updates You may close the window at any time after stopping the simulation Step 5 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 6 Click the Reset Conc Clock button to reset the clock You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8
68. l dimensions DX and DY based on this number along with dimensions of the model screen X Length and Y Length A higher grid resolution yields a more accurate solution but can dramatically increase computational time The grid resolution 1s left to you as it is very dependent on the problem being solved and the speed of the computer being used to solve it Define Model Grid Main Model Setting Cet Advanced Y Length EN Nx sa px eve D Y a E Define number of computational layers Discretize 2 Step 3 Enter 50 in NX field NY field will be automatically adjusted Step 5 Click Discretize OK Step 6 For any future adjustments or modifications to your model always use the Map into Numerical Model button Doing this will only update the changes made to your model versus having to re discretize the entire model which would take a lot of unnecessary time Once these steps have been completed the model is now ready to solve 24 4 2 SOLVING THE MODEL Once the numerical model is ready the next logical step is to solve it Continue only after you have discretized your conceptual model Step 1 Click the Forward button located at row 9 column 4 of the palette i By default the model is solved at steady state At this stage you have a complete working model Now you can use this model to answer the questions raised by the community You can also View the m
69. latory at a grid resolution that is too coarse or with a time step that is too large Now that we have a refined grid size we can model the plume right away You should increase the resolution of the grid and or decrease the time step if your solution does in fact become unstable Step 7 In the time TPS area make the time step equal to 20 days inte Sam Flaw Time fien Flume Time 0 0e0 You may initialize the particle clock and reset the particles before proceeding Farticle Time to the next step 354 Plume Step 1 2 DT Particle Step 172 DT Visual Step 4 DT Step 8 Click the Map into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model Notice a plume appears inside the newly defined zone Layer 2 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Step 9 Click the Forward button to solve the model r Notice how the plume spreads from the source ja 64 v n AP sad MT Y d Columbia Rivgr k PF md ENT TIS Dean Braman Lehert Had Layer 2 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 12800 days 35 07 years Notice that the plum is captured by East Well in approximately 35 years Also notice that you can model particles and plumes simultaneously Note there is a certain amount of numerical dispersion in the software plume solution scheme This causes the plume to disperse to a greater extent and faster than would be expected Increasing the resolution of the m
70. left click anywhere on the outside of the image to turn it any direction in three dimensions b Right click in the inside to the right of the image to zoom in and right click on the left inside of the image to zoom out Also note that you can clearly view both layers of the model as shown by different colors Step 2 Click the Option button on the top row revealing a window with many different ways of manipulating the model For this example we will look at the Cropping and Fence Diagram functions and their associated graphics 17 2 THE CROPPING FUNCTION Step 1 Select the Cropping tab from the above mentioned 3D Visualization Options menu You will see many different ways that IGW Version 4 7 can dissect the model 3D Visualization Options Annotation rape on Site Volume Surfaces Vectors Particles Map J G 5 8 1 Is AU KJ Cropping style 27 C 122 C 7 8 C 38 alis b ns cyo5 Customize Apply to Volume Water table sasurface Surface Drape on sitemap Vector Step 2 For this example select the 1 4 button and then check Volume in the Apply To menu located directly below the cropping styles Click Apply then click 74 Step 3 You can manipulate the model as described in earlier steps of this section to zoom in and out and rotate the image to the desired position Notice that the right 4 of the top layer of
71. ll I East Well amp E ParticlesGraup 2001 9 ParticleZenes 2001 eS 30 Attributes iud aD Atte 1 Step 7 Select each scatter point in the Model Explore pane and repeat the following a Select the Aquifer Elevations tab b Check the box next to Top Elevation 54 C Select the unit m and enter the value of 7 6 20 or 20 for Scatter Point 1001 d Check the box next to Bottom Elevation Thickness e Select the unit m and enter the value of 11 12 15 or 18 Scatter point 1001 Physical Biochemical Aquifer Sources and Scatter Point mer Aquifer Elevations Altribute Elevations for partially penatrating parameters We TopElevation nm o We as starting head NH Iw Bottom Elevation Thickness f Bottom Elevation ER Bendmm Thickness EE Bendom Scatter Point Style Coordinates Visible Size 3 amp 1069 57 Color T 2827 41 EN Step 8 Select Zone 2001 in Layer 2 in the Model Explore Pane of AE Step 9 Select Aquifer Elevations tab and un check Top Elevation box if it not already unchecked Note This step is important because when top of the bottom layer is not defined IGW assigns elevation of the bottom of top layer as the top of bottom layer Now that the bottom of top layer Layer 1 will be interpolated using scatter point information the top of Layer 2 will no
72. m Leakance Source Head 77 The Trend window appears Here you can adjust the nominal value for the head the periodic function that describes head transients and any randomness associated with the head values You can explore these values seen here but at a minimum you need to set the nominal head equal to value that you had assigned for the Constant Head For this example use the value of 3 feet v Data points Edit Random fluctuation Periodic fluctuation with exponential decay Conelation scale i5 fay F Faso Bs Standard deviation T m Phase difference 0 0 0 lay Recycle period Ba Decay constant 0 0e0 da Amplitude Recycle period 0 020 Redraw OK 2 Step 7 Click the Edit button next to the Data points field The Trend Data window appears Notice the default head is set to 4 m in the right column Trend Data Time day Time 0 00 Valie 0 0e0 EN Recycle period 0 0e0 Step 8 In the first row click on the number 4 that corresponds to time 0 78 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Step 13 Step 14 In the Value field change the units to meters m and enter the value of 3 Click the Update button In the second row click on the 4 that corresponds to time 360 In the Value field change the units to meters m and enter the value of 3 Click the
73. n problem with software you have only just begun to discover CHAPTER 3 SETTING UP A MODEL Our aim in this tutorial is to begin with a very simple model and gradually add complexity as we explore IGW This chapter will walk you through the basic procedures for setting up a simple model in IGW 4 7 We will develop a simpler model by making the following simplifying assumptions in the conceptual models shown in Figures 1 2 1 and 1 2 2 e The two geological layers can be lumped into a single layer e Being smaller water bodies the impact of Blue Lake and Fairview Lake on the aquifer can be ignored e The only features of hydrological significance are Columbia River and pumping wells The simplified conceptual model is shown in Figure 3 0 0 Deep percolation 10in yr VALLEY LL E Y Y LEE Y Y RAAA A Columbia River Pinched out acts as a sediments act Constant head Two Community Wells No flow boundary Each pumping 806PM boundary VU 3 0m Leakance from river Aquifer Kx 25m day Effective Porosity ne 0 3 Regional Fully connected Groundwater NC river flow direction Contamination Plumes Undifferentiated sediments pinching out to surface Impervious Figure 3 0 0 Simplified Conceptual Model 3 1 IMPORTING A BASEMAP The first step in defining any model is to know its associated real world characteristics Let s begin with the plan view location Most of the procedures in
74. nal time resources quite significantly depending on the processor speed and memory The following steps will let you refine your grid size Step1 Click the Set Simulation Grid button to discretize the model Define Model Grid window appears Define Model Grid Main Model Setting x Length 6800 Advanced eng Discretization Options Y Length 5316 77 Nx 100 DX fes se68ft w 7 Cancel Define number of computational layers Discretize OK 61 Step 2 In the NX field enter 100 NY field is automatically adjusted Step 3 Click Discretize OK button You will notice that now the model takes longer to discretize the model Step 6 Click the Forward button to solve the model i 5 The model takes much longer to run each time step Notice the change in cross section compared to Section 13 1 The well now appears in the middle of the two lakes A finer grid can resolve the model features with more accuracy ub Cross section 1 12 73 35 27 m 8 99 6 8 8 9 8 9 8 68 QI ODP Rt hott AD 8 992583 5 6 6 9 8 8 9 ee ESOS CR m o9 8 825 92335 0 9 9 8 8 9 8 DON E 246 ca e e wo I e e Layer 2 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 23360 days 64 00 yours 62 CHAPTER 14 MODELING CONTAMINATION PLUMES Instead of modeling contaminants as particles we can also model them as a plume Thi
75. ng on the Reset toolbar buttons state button at any time will reset the cursor and allow you to select other buttons Below the button palette is the Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface SATDI The SATDI provides you with quick access to computational and display adjustments The time step DT 10 by default can be adjusted using the up down buttons next to the units list field day by default The plume step particle step and visual step can be set in a similar fashion as a ratio of the DT The Flow Time Plume Time and Particle Time sections display the computational time for the flow plume and particles respectively The Working area display tools WDT are located below the SATDI The WDT allows the user to adjust the size and location of the Working Area and associated WAAD within the Model Screen This feature is especially useful for viewing solutions at a higher resolution Step 4 Practice using the WDT Adjust the Working Area and WAAD so that it is centered in the Model Screen and occupies the highest percentage possible of the Model Screen The major portion of the right hand side of the window is occupied by what is known as the Cursor Activated Table CAT shown in the graphic on the right This table will display the variable values that exist in the model at any point the cursor is located It 1s more intuitive to discuss the CAT with a working model so that is done in Chapter 7
76. o not contain the well screen and you can see a more realistic picture of sub surface velocity around the middle layer As mentioned before IGW calculates only one velocity for each computational layer The varying velocity profile within the computational layers seen in the cross section 1s based on interpolation only Cross section 1 5 73 At this point you can relate this cross section to the one layer model cross section of Section 6 2 as well as the head contours for each computational layer to the one layer model of Section 6 1 For any given computational layer there is only one velocity that is solved for When you have more layers in the model as you will add later on the cross section displays a continuum of velocities throughout the depth of a layer Continuous velocity profiles are based on interpolation 52 CHAPTER 12 USING SCATTER POINTS IGW allows you to add information available at point locations within the model area e g surface elevation depth of geological layers hydraulic conductivity etc When information is available at more than one point in the model area IGW can interpolate for the rest of the model area The points on which information is available are called scatter points Scatter points allow you to add complexity to the model as they are points where specific physical characteristics are known about the aquifer or other features In the following sections you will input aquifer elevati
77. odel grid will reduce numerical dispersion Note also that artificial dispersion was added in Chapter 13 and further augments plume migration characteristics Step 10 Stop the simulation by clicking the Pause button STOP d 14 2 INITIALIZING THE PLUME Step 1 Click the Initializing Plume button If at anytime this does not do anything you will need to discretize the model ms The plume returns to its original location 14 3 INITIALIZING THE CONCENTRATION CLOCK Step 1 Click the Reset Conc Clock button 65 The time elapsed clock at the bottom of the main screen returns to days unless there are other times being displayed 1 e the flow time or particle time In this case you must also reset the clock with respect to the flow needed only during transient simulations not applicable at this time or the particles see Step 2 and Step 3 Step 2 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 3 Click the Reset Particle Clock button 66 CHAPTER 15 UTILIZING A MONITORING WELL This chapter shows you how to setup and observe a monitoring well You can use a monitoring well to observe both the concentrations and hydraulic head in case of transient modeling You can use a pumping well as a monitoring well and you can also create a well which is exclusively for monitoring heads and concentrations 15 1 SETTING UP A MONITORING
78. odel results across any cross section s Change the way the model outputs look like Add contamination plumes particles and do transport modeling Change stresses in the model e g change pumping recharge rates to test different scenarios and Add more complexity to the model The next chapters will walk you through these procedures 25 CHAPTER 5 VIEWING MODEL OUTPUTS As soon as the model is solved the model solution appears in the working area 5 1 VIEWING HEAD AND VELOCITY FIELDS Simulated groundwater heads appear in the working area as contours and groundwater flow velocity as arrows The length of the arrows is proportional to the magnitude of the groundwater velocities The following head and velocity fields indicate the general flow direction towards Columbia River and cones of depression formed around the pumping wells This pattern of heads and velocity is consistent with our conceptual model of Figure 3 0 0 h et F A s MP Columbia River el N Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years 5 2 DEFINING AND VIEWING CROSS SECTIONS A cross section cuts through all layers in a model therefore it can be drawn in any layer and will show up in all model layers although for now you have only one layer in the model but you will see that when more layers are added the cross section is modified automatically Cross sections can be viewed in a non linear fashion Ins
79. of the aquifer Now you will add Columbia River in the model Step 1 Click the Create New Arbitrary Zone and Assign Property button The cursor is now initialized to add zones in the Working Area Step 2 In the Working Area click the pointer on any edge of the feature you wish to define Columbia River for this example Note If you are not using a basemap simply click anywhere to begin defining an arbitrary feature Step 3 Click the mouse at another location on the edge of the feature Move to another location and repeat clicking as close to the exact tracing of the Columbia River as possible for precision purposes When you have finished double click the mouse Try to keep the lines as close to coinciding with the edge of the feature as possible 17 Boemg 4 Al Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Step 4 Access the AE to assign attributes for the newly defined Columbia River Zone a Click once on the default name Zone 1002 in the left hand pane and rename it as Columbia River b Click the Sources and Sinks tab c Select the type of source sink that you v Head Dependent Flux Two way would like to model For this example model the Columbia River as a Head Dependent Flux by selecting Head Dependent Flux tag Check Head Dependent Flux Two way area Click on the arrow next to the top field in this area and select River from the drop down
80. on data at 4 locations scatter points IGW will process this input by interpolating elevations between these known points and updating the aquifer dimentions 12 1 ADDING SCATTER POINTS In the following example you will use 4 scatter points in the model area the point locations are marked as 1 2 3 and 4 on the basemap At these points you have the information for the surface elevation and the depth of overburden Layer 1 in the model The following steps take you through the process of adding scatter points Step 1 Use the Layer Selector to select the desired layer in this example choose Layer 1 Note When more than one computational layer 1s present you may select within any desired conceptual layer and add features extending throughout all computational layers Step 2 Click the Select a Zone button The cursor is now initialized to select a zone Scatter points are always added in a zone The zone in which you want to add scatter points must therefore be selected before adding the points Step 3 Click the mouse inside the parent zone but not inside any other zone The parent zone appears with red borders in the Working Area indicating that it is active Step 4 Click the Add Scatter Point button The cursor is now initialized to add scatter points into the selected zone Note even if you placed scatter points outside of the desired zone they would still be associated with the zone that was active
81. or reports This section will show you how to do that Step 1 Select the File menu Step 2 Select Export Picture on this menu Interactive Groundwater 4 gt C Modeling GIS 3D Visualization Utilities Create Mew Model Open Model from File Save Model to File Import Third Party Model As BM JESU Step 3 Select the file type from the cascading sub menu Note IGW currently only supports BMP Step 4 Select a location and file name and press the Save button The program saves the picture for your future use Pressing the Print Screen button on the keyboard also saves the current screen in the Windows clipboard You can subsequently edit the picture with a variety of graphics editing programs ranging from 22 3 8 the relatively simple Paint included in Windows to powerful third party software packages such as Adobe PhotoDeluxe A simple example of this technique given a screen in IGW you want to capture press the Print Screen key located above the F12 button on your keyboard Next go into MS Paint and hit Ctrl V which will paste that image into the program Then use the cropping tool row 1 column 2 of the MS Paint button palette and select the area you wish to cut and use Finally once selected go to Edit then Copy To and select a location in which to save your file This image is now ready to be imported into any program
82. ow you how to track contaminant particles in the model 9 1 FORWARD PARTICLE TRACKING The following steps will show how to track a collection of discrete contaminant particles Step 1 Click the Add Particles Inside a Polygon button The cursor is now initialized to add particles Step 2 Trace an area Boeing factory location on the basemap using the same methodology as used to define zones Section 3 3 to define contamination plumes This is shown on the map below as an enclosed red area the green circle shows you its location Step 3 As soon as you finish the zone in which to put the particles you will be prompted with the Particles window Here you should define a How many columns of particles you want to include in your area number proportional to concentration for this example use a value of 30 b The vertical location of the specified layer that the plane of particles will be released into Particles Notice that you have two Horizontal Setting options 2D matrix and 3D Mumber of particle columns released within this polugan ad matrix You will use a 2D matrix in this example Notice the drop down Vertical Settings arrow next to the input field for 2D matrix The f 20 matri at a vertical location of 0 25 numbers range from to 0 corresponding to top of 3D matris the layer and O to the bottom You will select EQUUS or nee 0 25 for this example Vertical location bot
83. pane Display Sequence can be used to arrange various features in the model You can explore these options as you go For now you will change the appearance of head contours and velocity fields in the Simulation Inputs and Results Display Options for Model 1 Reference Maps Display Sequence top to bottom I Basemap Model Grid Particles Head Iw lS Mapping Layer Velocity I Horizontal Scale Bar Plume Basemap Vertical Scale Bar n GIS Mapping Lauer Conceptual Features and Tests iw Polygons i Submodel polygon v Scatter Points iw Tests Iw Polvlines Seep Area Simulation Inputs and Results i Head fw Particles Iw Velocity iw Lone m iw Input Data T iw Use model level display option Cancel Solution Status and Number of Iterations OF Step 2 In the Simulation Inputs and Results area click the button to the right of Head The Model 1 Display Options Head window appears 28 Model 1 Display Options Head Color filled Show Legend Iw Contoured Line Anchor East Color Coor Orientation Vertical Thickness 2 pizels Type i wf Continuous ContourColor Levels a0 Plot in log scale Minimum Salue Options Maximum Value Options Data Limit C Data Limit 3 E4485 E t Given Value Given Value 3 54485 EM 11 6657 Percent of Mas Percent of Mas
84. r may simply click within the Working Area to define points that denote the outline of the desired submodel Example User Manual Chapter 15 Select Edit Submodel 7 4 Clicking this button allows the user to select a submodel within the Working Area The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click within a submodel in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the submodel active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window Example User Manual Section 15 3 Display Options 8 1 Clicking this button allows the user to adjust numerous display parameters by opening the Display Options for Model 1 window This is the same window that appears when Option from the Display menu is selected Example User Manual Section 19 1 Refresh Screen 8 2 Clicking this button causes all IGW Version 5 0P screens and windows to be redrawn with any incorporated changes such as window resizing or a changing of color for a certain attribute It is not always necessary to click the Refresh Screen button as the software automatically updates most changes Clicking this button is the same as selecting Refresh on the Display menu Example User Manual Section 3 3 6 19 3 Zoom In 8 3 Clicking this button enlarges the Working Area and Working Area Attribute Display within the Model Screen Thi
85. rns to 0 0e0 inch yr as soon as the cursor enters a lake or a river polygon You can also change the units for particular variables in the CAT This is accomplished by clicking on the unit box of the variable you wish to change as we have done in previous steps inside the AE and then simply clicking until you have selected the desired units IGW will now display these units Also there may be more variables in the CAT than are visible at a particular time To view the hidden variables simply use the scroll bar on the far right to access them 33 7 2 ADDING REMOVING FIELDS IN CAT The values you see in the CAT are set by default but you can change these fields as follows Cell Attribute Viewer Step 1 Click on the Cell Attribute Viewer button The Choose Parameters at Cursor window appears From here you can select which parameters you would like displayed in the CAT The field names are also fully defined in this window This is useful as the field names displayed in the CAT are truncated Choose Parameters at Cursor Aq Top HealTap Aq Bot Thick n Ts v 55 Specific Storage 5 w Storage Coefficient Sy w Specific Rech e Recharge Dipl Longitudinal Dispersivity DispT Transverse Dispersrvity Disp Vertical Dispersivity Kd Partitioning Coefficient Retard Retardation Factor Head w Hydraulic Head Yk w Seepage Velocity in Direct
86. ross section intersects The cross section above shows Columbia River and Middle Well Blue dotted line shows the head profile vertical black lines represent head contours and black arrows indicate magnitude and direction of flow velocity The cross section is merely a display of what has already been solved for it is not a separate model Currently IGW does not indicate any three dimensional attributes in the cross section window so if you define a complex cross section keep in mind what it is you are actually viewing You can also view the contamination plumes and particle movement if the cross section intersects their path When the model is running the cross section s are also updated with every visualization step 2 CHAPTER 6 CHANGING DISPLAY OPTIONS Default settings for viewing the model output and cross sections may not always give the best visualization especially with a basemap in the screen This chapter will walk you through the steps and tools available in IGW to change and optimize display settings in the model area for better visualization 6 1 CHANGING DISPLAY IN MODEL AREA Step 1 Click the Set Drawing Options button located at row 8 column 1 of the button palette L The Display Options for Model 1 window appears Using options in this window you can change the way the model may look You can check or uncheck various boxes to select what items you want to see on the model The right hand
87. s and Scatter Point m Properties Elevations Sinks Control Pealen Biete Hydraulic Conductisity Molecular Diffusion Conductivity 20 2 8 ros ppm m pe Kw Kz xv degree nen x Orientation of degree degree Local Dispersion rientat Trans EN Storage Terms Wert E Specific Yield Macredispersion Specific Storage LE Soll Particle Density lfm Effective Porosity Rendon one Type Color Fatter mA M Zone Visible Active Transparent C inactive Area P Paints For Display Color Zone Budget Show Interpolation Model Domain Control The Attribute Input pane will be will be different for every type of feature that you can define in IGW 4 7 including but not limited to wells particle zones profile models sub models line features and 3D attribute zones As you work through the tutorial observe the AE and take notice of the new features that become available as your model increases in complexity 8 4 EDITING FEATURES IN MODEL EXPLORE PANE By left clicking once on the feature in the Model Explore pane you can re name it whatever you want By right clicking on the features and groups in the pane you can perform such functions as deleting them viewing attributes and reading in scatter points 38 CHAPTER 9 PARTICLE TRACKING This chapter will sh
88. s feature 1s especially useful if there is a continuous source of contamination The following sections will help you set up a contamination plume with a continuous source as shown in Figure 1 1 1 at the location of Autoshop 14 1 MODELING A CONTINUOUS CONCENTRATION SOURCE The following steps show you how to set up a continuous concentration source in the model Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Use the Layer Selector to select second computational layer of Geological Layer 2 Assume the contamination represented by the particles has already passed upper layers Create a new zone where contamination might be located using the Create new zone and assign property button Here outline the area of the Autoshop on your basemap Access the newly created zone in the AE window Click on the Sources and Sinks tab In the Source Concentration area select the Continuous box Adjust the units field ppm and enter a value in the Continuous field 100 Zone 2005 Physical Biochemical Aquiter Sources and Scatter Point on ss Caraion Dt Prescribed Head Conc Prescribed Flux Head Dependent Flux Prescribed Head Const 10 0 0 EN Same az Starting Head Source Concentration Instantaneous pem E Continuous 1 00 zm Starting Head EN 63 Solutions for concentration plumes are very dependent on the grid size and the time step They may become oscil
89. s is the same as selecting Zoom in on the Display menu Example User Manual Section 3 3 6 19 4 Zoom Out 8 4 Clicking this button shrinks the Working Area and Working Area Attribute Display within the Model Screen see Section 3 7 This is the same as selecting Zoom out on the Display menu Example User Manual Section 3 3 6 19 4 88 Al Numerical Solver Settings 9 1 Clicking this button allows the user to adjust flow transport and stochastic model solver settings by opening the Solver window Example User Manual Chapter 13 Run Model Backward 9 2 Clicking this button causes the software to track particles in the opposite direction of the velocity vectors If the button is inactive it will appear grayed out 2 User Manual Section 10 3 2 Pause Stop Model 9 3 Clicking this button causes the software to stop the present simulation at the current state The software will finish its calculations and the model redraws for the present time step before appearing idle Example User Manual Run Model Forward 9 4 Clicking this button causes the software to solve the numerical model If the model 1s set to transient state or there are transport calculations to be done in a steady state model then the software will continually update as it proceeds through the simulation Options for running the model are discussed in Chapter 14 The solver options ar
90. s tutorial though found in the Users Manual A more useful method for modeling precipitation recharge is to apply recharge to the first active layer This is presented in the following steps Note this process is not layer specific and therefore does not depend on which layer is active while performing these steps Step 1 Select the Add 3D Attribute Model button The cursor is now initialized to add a 3D attribute feature Step 2 Define a feature that encompasses the entire Working Area same extent as the parent zone Step 3 Access this new feature in the AE under 3D Attributes Step 4 In the Recharge Apply to first active layer section click on Rech adjust the units inch year and enter a value 10 16 Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree 1 Project Main Model Evapotranspiration Apply to first active layer Layer 1 5 4 Zones 1001 Max ET nch vea TP Zone 1001 Deptht oo ft 949 3D Attributes Depth EN Recharge Apply ta first active layer Mw Recharge 10 _ __ Recharge Concentration pom The software will now apply this recharge to the first active layer over the extent of the 3D attribute feature 3 4 ADDING A SURFACE WATER FEATURE IN THE MODEL So far you have created the parent zone for the model assigned the dimensions of the aquifer and the hydraulic conductivity
91. t be a constant value and needs not be defined 55 Step10 Click the Set Simulation Grid button to discretize the model Define Model Grid window appears Step 11 Click Discretize OK Note Whenever you make changes in a model you can use Map into to Numerical Model button and the changes will take effect However if there is any change in aquifer dimensions or grid size this button will not fully implement the changes You must use Set Simulation Grid button Step 12 Click the Forward button to solve the model with the updated stratigraphy 12 2 VISUALIZING RESULTS Notice the change in cross sectional profile The thickness of the layers is not uniform anymore Cross section 1 12 73 You may notice further changes in the head contours velocity vectors and hence particle trajectories and plume migration paths Particle migration head contours and velocity for the middle computational layer of second geological layer are given below Notice that with improved aquifer stratigraphy the model predicts that Cascade plume will be captured by the Middle Well in 68 years ves M Columbia River te az n im P y ul AMET ua E 5 E TT TIL Dean Branton Hai Layer 2 2 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 24960 days 68 38 years 56 When using scatter points the model reconciles the data using an option of different methods The default set
92. t in the feature defining process being aborted Certain feature related status messages will also appear to the right of the VCI field such as Action accepted or Action accepted and ended Instead of using the end command the user may also double click to finalize drawing a polyline The two slender gray boxes at the bottom of the Model Screen are known as the Left Message Area LMA and the Right Message Area RMA respectively These will display messages concerning the model solution status The Working Area is the region where the conceptual modeling is performed and subsequent solutions are obtained It can be displayed anywhere within the Model Screen and resized using the Zoom in and Zoom out buttons It is not restricted by the size of the model screen if it is larger than the model screen edges will appear to go behind the other software interface components 1 e the CAT Button Palette SATDI VCI LMA RMA etc and even off the edges of the monitor The WAAD 1s attached to the bottom of the Working Area It displays information concerning the type of flow and elapsed time of the current simulation The WAAD will remain proportional in size to the Working Area The user may click on the title in the WAAD to open the Input title window and subsequently type in extra text to be added in front of the default title The user may click on any of the three empty lines below the title
93. tead of just selecting a straight line section you can simply keep defining the cross section in any desired direction to include points that may be of interest For this example you will start the section at A pass it through Middle Well and finish it at A in the working area using the following steps Step 1 Click the Define a cross section button The cursor is now initialized to add a cross section in the working area 26 Step 3 Click on a point where you would like to begin your profile view For this example start your cross section at pre defined cross sectional view near the letter A at the top of the view Step 4 Move the cursor to the Middle Well and click on the centre of the well This will include the well in your cross section Step 3 Move the cursor to the point where you would like to stop your profile view and double click the mouse Do this on the pre defined cross sectional view near A at the bottom of the view s Columbia River Sy f j M E 522 lt he Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Plan view of the cross section so defined appears as bold red line in model area A window appears titled Cross Section X where X is a number pre determined by the IGW software Cross section 1 SEE 10 82 The cross section includes the stratigraphy the velocity profile a continuous head representation and any model features that the c
94. the Working Area will bring up the Message window with the text You should select a zone first In this case click the OK button select the desired zone and then re click the Add Scatter Point button Example User Manual Before adding scatter points the user should first select the polygon onto which they will add the points In order to access to scatter points the corresponding zone should be activated Select Scatter Point 5 2 Clicking this button allows the user to select a scatter point within the Working Area The zone associated with the desired scatter point should be active prior to clicking this button or else the user will not be able to select the desired scatter point The cursor is set to select mode and the user may simply click on a scatter point associated with the active zone in the Working Area to select it This is alternatively referred to as making the scatter point active When a feature is selected it appears outlined in red in the Working Area and highlighted in the AE window If no zone is active or none are yet defined in the model in which case no scatter points can exist yet and therefore trying to select one does not make much sense then attempting to select a scatter point elicits the Warning window with the text You should select a zone first In this case click OK select the zone associated with the desired scatter point and re click th
95. the model has been removed as requested 17 3 FENCE DIAGRAMS Step 1 Go back into the Option menu and select Fence Diagram JD Visualization Options Annotation Miscs ap Attributes dais Lropping Wells Scatter Paints Fence style Apply to One Cross Cutting planes at 172 of X length Volume 1 2 of Y length Surface Two Crosses Cutting planes at 1 3 of amp length 2 3 of X length 1 3 of Y length 2 3 length Water table Drop on sitemap lsosurface Vector 75 Step 2 Under Fence Style select One Cross and then in the adjacent menu check Volume in the Apply to region Click Apply then click Two views of 3D fence diagram are shown below top one is looking the model from the top and the bottom one is looking the model from below Notice that the constant concentration plume applied in the bottom layer is better visualized in the bottom view Step 3 When satisfied with the result close the 3D Visualization window 76 CHAPTER 18 SIMULATING TRANSIENT CONDITIONS Up to now we have been simulating steady state flow This chapter shows you how to run a simulation in transient state 18 1 CHANGING SIMULATION TIME PARAMETERS AND SOLVING This section will show you how to switch the model from steady state to transient state You need to add a transient stress to the model The following steps show you how to
96. time by selecting About from the Help menu on the main screen menu bar Step 1 Click the Close button when you are finished with the of the day window The entire IGW interface is now completely visible Various portions of the screen are highlighted and annotated in Figure 2 2 1 The middle of the IGW window is occupied by the Model Screen The white rectangle within the Model Screen 15 referred to as the Working Area This 1s where you define features assign attributes and obtain solutions EH E E piw id J vov J piw pe l dey rj IM sw J Total time used in the last discretization 22s A Title Bar H Attributes Explorer Button B Menu Bar l Layer Selector C Button Palette J Grid Based Operations Button D Step Adjustment and Time K Cursor Activated Table CAT Display Interface SATDI L Working Area E Working Area Display Tools M Working Area Attributes Display F Layer Navigator WAAD G Vertex Coordinates Interface N Status Bar FIGURE 2 2 1 Main window for IGW 5 0P The peach colored rectangle below the Working Area is referred to as the Working Area Attribute Display WAAD The WAAD displays information concerning the flow solution and the elapsed time being the maximum value of the flow time particle time and plume time in the solution for the Working Area within the Model Screen You may click in t
97. ting 15 the Inverse Distance Weighted IDW method and is the most commonly used The IDW method is based on the assumption that the interpolating surface should be influenced the most by nearer points and least by the farthest points 57 CHAPTER 13 REFINING THE MODEL Up until now we have built is coarse model Features like Blue Lake and Fairview Lake were not included in the model with an assumption that they are less significant No dispersivity was applied to contaminant transport Grid size was kept coarse In the following sections you will include smaller modeling features like the lakes mentioned above For contaminant transport modeling you will add dispersivity to contaminant transport Finally you will refine the grid size and compare the model outputs with those of the coarser model You will be able to visualize the effects of refining at every step 13 1 ADDING MORE FEATURES IN THE MODEL You will add Blue Lake and Fairview Lake in the top layer of your model as conceptualized in Figure 1 2 2 To add these modeling features follow these steps Step 1 Use the Layer Selector to choose Layer 1 Step 2 Click the Set display options button O 1 Display options for Model 1 window apprears Step 3 In the Simulations Inputs and Results area uncheck Head and Velocity boxes This will clear head contours and velocity vectors and the basemap will become more clear Step 4 Click t
98. to open the Input note window and subsequently type in text to be displayed below the title line 93 The Cursor 3 8 The cursor is important to using IGW Version 4 7 because of the software s graphical interface The cursor has a number of modes discussed in Section 3 3 that it may enter depending on the current status of the software These include Default mode The default cursor mode The cursor always appears as its default shape This mode is used for performing basic Windows functions and using the buttons and menus in the software k In order to initialize the cursor the default mode should be used Draw and add text mode This mode is used when defining features and adding text in the Working Area The cursor appears as a crosshair when it is positioned in the Working Area Select mode This mode is used when selecting features in the Working Area The cursor appears with a question mark next to it when positioned in the Working Area Node edit mode This mode is used when Node Edit is selected from the right click menu see Section 3 9 The cursor appears with a question mark next to it when in the Working Area and changes to a large crosshair when positioned at the vertices or line segment midpoints of a selected feature This mode may still be active when no feature is selected but the cursor does not change in this case When in this mode selected features may be redefined by 1 Clicking and dragg
99. tom r which places the plane of particles at the bottom Vertical density multiplier 0 aquifer bottom quarter of the layer Cancel OF c Enter values in these fields and then click the OK button Step 5 Repeat Steps 3 4 for any other particle zones Do this for Cascade site 39 You can change the particle display settings color and size of the particles by going though the following steps Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Access the AE In the model explore pane you will see ParticleZones 1001 Click at the sign next to the ParticleZones 1001 The two particle zones you just created will open up Attributes Explorer Model Explorer Hierarchy Tree eene B Project EE Main Model Bg ross seclians Poo bee Gg Cross section 1 c Zones 1001 9 Zone 1001 4B Columbia River 5 4 wells 1001 AG Middle Well Well 1002 5 0 ParticlesGroup 1001 9 ParticleZones 1001 eS 30 Attributes faved 3DrAttr 1 Click on the first zone for Boeing Go to Display Options area in the attribute input pane and select particle size 5 and color yellow Repeat above for Cascade site Your contamination fields are now defined in the model screen In the following view you see both contaminant particle clouds as yellow dots that are above the respective starting locations Step 4 __ gt AY l Columbia Rive n
100. ure window Example User Manual Section 23 1 2 91 Reference from User Manual 3 7 Model Screen Working Area Attribute Display The remainder of the Main Window is referred to as the Model Screen It is pictured in Figure 3 7 1 Layer 1 1 Steady Flow Time Elapsed 0 days 0 00 years Geo 1 Up Vertex Coordinates 715 34 353 35 m gt Action accepted Figure 3 7 1 The Model Screen The Model Screen exists mainly to provide a background against which the Working Area the large white rectangle and the Working Area Attribute Display WAAD the peach colored rectangle can be displayed A secondary feature of the Model Interface VCI It is located directly below the dark gray portion of the Model Screen It displays the coordinates of the last vertex defined and allows the user to manually enter the coordinates of features when defining them in the Working Area This provides for much greater accuracy compared to pointing and clicking with the mouse The user should enter the coordinates in simple Cartesian format by adding a end for the final vertex The VCI text will appear black it is gray otherwise when the cursor is in draw mode 92 The end command is not necessary when defining point features such as wells or single particles Also using the end command to describe the feature before enough vertices or points have been defined will resul
101. user 85 to enter the number of particle columns desired Once the number is entered either click OK to create the particle zone or Cancel to abort Example User Manual Chapter 10 Add Particles Along Polyline 4 3 Clicking this button allows the user to add a polyline a series of line segments of particles in the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may simply define a polyline that indicates the desired location of the particles within the Working Area Once the polyline is defined the Particles window appears prompting the user to enter the number of particles to be released along the polyline Once the number is entered click OK to create the particle polyline or Cancel to abort Example User Manual Chapter 10 Add Particles Around Well s 4 4 Clicking this button allows the user to add particles to existing wells Example User Manual Section 10 1 4 Chapter 10 Add Scatter Point 5 1 Clicking this button allows the user to add a scatter point associated with a zone to the Working Area The cursor is set to draw mode and the user may click at any point in the Working Area to define a scatter point This process may be repeated as desired without having to re select the Add Scatter Point button however be sure to wait for the crosshair cursor to reappear before defining another scatter point If no zone is active attempting to add scatter points in
102. uthern boundary The east and west boundaries of the model are also assumed as no flow boundaries Although the aquifer continues without a geological feature physically separating the model area in either eastern or western directions the direction of the regional flow is approximately parallel to these boundaries If we assume there is no lateral flow across these boundaries these can be assumed in the model as no flow boundaries However while using our model we should bear in mind these are soft no flow boundaries Our no flow assumption will not hold true if there are large stresses close to these boundaries resulting in increased prediction uncertainty Figure 1 2 2 below shows the modeling layers boundary conditions north and south only sources and sinks and aquifer properties Deep percolation 10in yr AERE Columbia River Pinched out acts as a sediments act A Constant head Two Community Wells No flow boundary Each pumping 80GPM boundary Leakance from river lakes Overburden Kx 5 m day K 0 5 m day Sandstone Aquifer Regional Fully connected 30m day Groundwater e EINER Effective Porosity 0 3 flow direction Contamination Plumes Sources Undifferentiated sediments pinching out to surface Low conductivity FIGURE 1 2 2 Conceptual components of model 1 4 COMMENTS Now that you have a conceptual model of the system and a list of questions to be answered
103. you can chose the color and density of your choice for the head contours and velocity arrows You can change the Vertical Exaggeration Factor by changing the number in the field bottom left of this window Using a vertical exaggeration factor of 5 and changing head and velocity appearance the cross section is redrawn below Cross section 1 32 CHAPTER 7 EXPLORING THE CURSOR ACTIVATED TABLE This short chapter introduces you to the Cursor Activated Table CAT mentioned in Section 2 2 CAT allows you not only to see the model output at any given point in the model where cursor is placed but can also give you any desired input data attribute at that location 7 1 THE CAT INTERFACE As mentioned earlier the CAT occupies a major portion of the right side of the main window Cell Attribute Viewer Aq T oin Aq 1656118 wr que S 20e5 nch vea Head5oise4 t 7 pem izdar RiwHeadi ft KR day ft If you move the cursor around the working area you will notice the respective values change to display the values that exist at that exact location in the model This is done only in the active layer Select Layer 1 and move the cursor in the model area and notice the display in Rech field You will notice it is 10 inch yr every where but tu

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