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LWS-UM-LT2510 0210

1. Using the above AT commands it is possible to upgrade a LT2510 over the UART from a microcontroller or other device The basic steps to do this are 1 Make sure the OEM Host has a copy of an encrypted binary firmware upgrade file 2 Erase the Existing flash on the LT2510 a Command OxCC OxC6 b Response OxCC OxC6 3 Write binary image to flash a While not end of binary file i Command OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 lt 80 bytes of data gt ii Response OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 b Check EEPROM Write i Command OxCC OxC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 ii Response OxCC OxC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 lt 80 bytes of data gt c Verify Read response is the same data that was written d Increment start position e Verify length f Repeat step a 4 Decrypt FW image a Command OxCC OxC5 b Response OxCC OxC5 0x00 5 Reset radio to begin using new FW image a Command OxCC OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module API OPERATION API Operation is a powerful alternative to the default Transparent operation of the LT2510 and provides dynamic packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API operation utilizes specific packet formats The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s specific needs and can be different between radios operating on the same network API SEND DATA COMPLETE API Send Data complete can be used as a software acknowledgement i
2. lt 0xCC gt lt 0x20 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x21 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x22 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x23 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x24 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x25 gt lt Power gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Vid_H gt lt Vid_L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC1 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x43 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x4D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x44 gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt None None None lt 0xCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status gt lt 0xCC gt lt Temperature gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Channel gt lt 0xCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt Location gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt Dest Address gt lt 0xCC gt lt Dest Address gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt API Control gt lt 0xCC gt lt API Control gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt ADC Hi gt lt ADC Lo gt lt 0xCC gt lt RSSI gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Power gt lt 0xCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data n 0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Last byte written gt Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 23 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Enter A
3. CAUTION Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technology could void the user s authority to operate the equipment WARNINGS REQUIRED IN OEM MANUALS WARNING This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 7 87in 20cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 7 87in 20cm is strictly prohibited and requires additional SAR testing Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module REGULATORY INFORMATION 43 wwwiairdtech com CE APPROVED ANTENNA LIST Part Numbers PRM112 PRM113 PRM122 and PRM123 are approved for use in CE Markets with antennas having a maximum gain of 2 5dBi Antennas having a gain greater than the maximum allowed are strictly prohibited for use with this device The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms CE TESTED ANTENNA LIST WIC2450 A Laird Technologies Chip 2 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 WCP2400 Laird Technologies Dipole 2 2150 00006 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Dipole 1 The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Antennas listed in this table have been tested with the LT2510 JAPAN APPROVED ANTENNA LIST Part Numbers PRM122 and PRM123 are approved for use in Japanese Markets with the antennas listed below The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms JAPAN APPROVED ANTENNA LIST WIC2
4. Parameter Range lt RSSI gt 0x00 OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 28 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write PWM Outputs The OEM Host issues this command to adjust the maximum typical conducted output power The PWM output is a repeating 630 1uUS period The PWM ratio is the ratio of the high pulse time to the low pulse time A value of 0x00 will output a continuous low signal A ratio of OxFF will output a continuous high signal A ratio of 0x80 will put out a repeating pulse of 315 05uS high and 315 05uS low Set Max Power The OEM Host issues this command to adjust the maximum output power Max Power settings are typical and can vary by 2dBm The maximum output power will never exceed 21dBm for PRM110 111 120 121 or 17dBm for PRM112 113 122 123 Vendor ID This command is used to set the Vendor ID in the radios The Vendor ID is a one time writable parameter which is not able to be read back for security reasons Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate to other radios that have Vendor ID set to the same value Once the Vendor ID is set and cannot be changed Setting this value incorrectly will result in a radio which may not be able to communicate with other radios on the network Setting the Vendor ID is not necessary for the radios to operate and care should be taken when using it To see if the Vendor ID has been set the OEM can issue the command
5. t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR t Kit with one USB Eva oard containing the PR Boad and on M110 radi Boad and on M111 radi Boad and on M112 radi Boad and on M113 radi Boad and on M120 radi Boad and on M121 radi Boad and on M122 radi os os os os os os os Full Development Kit with two PRM123 radios e FCC IC FCC IC CE FCC IC CE FCC IC FCC IC FCC IC FCC IC CEJapan FCC IC CEapan Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 40 wwwiairdtech com AGENCY IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS PACKET FCC IC REGULATIONS APPROVED ANTENNA LIST The following antennas are approved for operation with the LT2510 for use in North America and select markets as identified This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below and having a maximum gain of 9dB Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than the maximum allowed are strictly prohibited for use with this device The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms TABLE 12 LT2510 APPROVED ANTENNA LIST WIC2450 A 1G2450 R 36 ID2450 RS36 0600 00039 151 6 PX 2450S 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S W
6. the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver s receive buffer reaches capacity CTS Handshaking If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High DE RE When enabled RS 485 Data Enable will use the DE RE pin to control the DE pin on external RS 485 circuitry When the transceiver has data to send to the host it will assert DE RE High send the data to the host and then take DE RE Low PWM Output PWM ouput can be configured to output on any of three pin SMT Pins 5 6 or 7 The PWM Output can produce a pulse width modultation for RSSI with a period of 315 077uS Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 8 www lairdtech com SERVER CLIENT ARCHITECTURE The LT2510 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a Server and all other radios configured as Clients When a radio is configured as a Server it will transmit a beacon containing timing and identification information at the beginning of each hop The beacon
7. 0x03 0x03 Product identifier string Includes revision information for software and hardware Specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a Server s beacon Equal to hop period value do not set to 0x00 RF Channel Number used to determine the hopping sequence Sets the mode type Each network should have one and only one Server and any number of Clients The Server is responsible for sending out beacons for the network to synchronize to Set to 0x01 for a Server or 0x02 for a Client Baud Rate see serial interface section for details Default represents 115 200kbps Setting this address to OxE3 will allow the user to set a custom baud rate with Baud_M and Baud_E Baud_M value used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Baud_E value used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Auto System ID 0 Disable Auto System ID 1 Enable Auto System ID bit 3 Command Data Receive Disable 0 Disable CMD Data RX Disable 1 Enable CMD Data RX Disable OEM will not receive data packets received on the RF while in Command Mode bit 2 Legacy RSSI 0 Disable Legacy RSSI 1 Enable Legacy RSSI bit 1 Reserved Do not modify bit 0 Sniff Permit 0 Disable Sniff Permit 1 Enab
8. 0x50 Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Transmit Retries Broadcast Attempts Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Destination MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data 1 Setting the Destination Address to OxFF OxFF OxFF will broadcast the packet to all available transceivers in the network Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 35 wwwiairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 4 FORM FACTOR SMD ANT PCB Mounting Top View RF Shield 0 165 0 141 0 031 0 000 Top View 0 079 typ i 1 000 _ 0 875 0 619 0 381 0 125 0 000 O Q N O To N 3 0 837 0 875 1 275 1 535 S 2 1 130 2 7 PCB Pod Pattem Top Vie mame 7 E ses BAB 0 381 a 0 080 x 9 450 0 930 1 070 1 000 1 750 ig aa Ba Side View 0 205 0 079 typ RF Test Probe Keep area under the module free of other components or any traces and copper on the outer layer Keep shaded area free of any components traces copper and vias on ALL layers of the pc board Also avoid any metal above or near the antenna Blackchip Antenna Pad Detail 0 079 typ qf fa 0 070 Notes All dimensions are 005 inches PC Board Material is 0 031 thick FR4 Board edge connections are 0 031 plated holes Not to exceed 260 degrees C during soldering Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL MECHAN
9. PRM110 PRM111 PRM112 PRM113 PRM120 PRM121 PRM122 PRM123 TABLE 11 LT2510 DEVELOPMENT KITS PART NUMBERS 125mW 21 dBm 112510 50mW 17 dBm 112510 SMT with chip antenna SMT with U FL connector 50mW 17 dBm LT2510 SMT 125mW 21 dBm 112510 with chip antenna Pluggable with U FL connector 125mW 21 dBm 112510 Pluggable with chip antenna 50mW 17 dBm 112510 Pluggable with U FL connector 50mW 17 dBm 112510 Pluggable with chip antenna PRM110 and PRM111 with hardware revisions 0050 0157 RevO through 0050 00157 Rev 1 have an FCC ID of KQL 2510100 and an IC number of 2268C 2510100 KQL 2510 KQL 2510 KQL 2510 KQL 2510 KQL 25101 KQL 25101 KQL 25101 OOP OOP OOP OOP OOP OOP OOP 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P EN 300 328 2 v1 71 EN 301 489 EN 300 328 2 v1 71 EN 301 489 EN 300 328 2 Pending v1 71 EN 301 489 EN 300 328 2 Pending v1 71 EN 301 489 DVK PRM110 DVK PRM111 DVK PRM112 DVK PRM113 DVK PRM120 DVK PRM121 DVK PRM122 DVK PRM123 F ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B ull Developmen RS 232 Eval B
10. an entire packet based on whichever condition is met first When the transceiver receives the number of bytes specified by RF Packet Size EEPROM address Ox5A without experiencing a byte gap equal to Interface Timeout that block of data is processed as a complete packet Every packet the transceiver sends over the RF contains extra header bytes not counted in the RF Packet Size Therefore it is much more efficient to send a few large packets than to send many short packets The maximum RF Packet Size is 239 bytes or OxEF at 500kkbps RF Data Rate and 96 bytes or 0x60 at 280kbps RF Data Rate The RF Packet Size in Address 0x5A will not be used if Auto Config Address 0x56 bit 0 is enabled The default for the RF Data Rate will be used instead The RF Packet Size should not be set to less than 0x07 to ensure AT commands can still be issued RS 485 Data Enable The timing of the DE RE pin will vary depending on the Interface Baud Rate selected These parameters are set automatically if Auto Config is enabled If Auto Config is Disabled these values must be set correctly even if RS 485 Data Enable is not being used The values to set are 485_Delay_H Address 0x49 485_Delay_M Address 0x4A 485_Delay_L Address 0x4B To set them use the equation round the result up 20 812 5kHz 2 Interface_Baud_Rate For example at a baud rate of 115 200 you should calculate values of 0x00 0x00 and 0x47 FLOW CONTROL Although flow control is n
11. 20cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 7 87in 20cm would require additional RF exposure evaluation including SAR requirement according to FCC RF exposure guideline Notes This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 42 wwwairdtech com OEM EQUIPMENT LABELING REQUIREMENTS WARNING The OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are
12. API Operation ssassn 33 API Send Data Complete 0 33 API Receive Packet 00 0 2 34 API Transmit Packet cecceeeeeee 34 Mechanical Considerations 35 Mechanical Drawing s 35 Mechanical Drawing s 36 Mechanical Drawing s 37 Moisture Content Warning s 38 Ordering Information 39 Product Part Numbers ccceee 39 Compliancy Information 40 Agency Identification Numbers 40 FCCAC Regulations ccceceeeceee 40 Approved Antenna List 0 00 40 FCC IC Requirements For Modular Approval 0 cceeee 41 OEM Equipment Labeling REQUIFEMENTS ccceeeceseeseseseeeeeeeeetees 42 Antenna Requirements 00 0 42 Warnings Required In OEM Manuals 0 ccccececeeeeeteeeeeeeees 42 Regulatory Information 43 CE Approved Antenna List 43 Japan Approved Antenna List 43 Indications of Symbols on Equipment 43 112510 Firmware History 44 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module OVERVIEW AND KEY FEATURES 2 www lairdtech com The LT2510 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver Module from Laird Technologies is the latest in robust and easy to use radio modules Supporting both high data rates and long ranges the LT2510 is a great fit for any number of machine to machine applications The LT2510 features an easy to use serial UART with hardwar
13. Already Decrypted Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC6 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC6 gt Parameter Range Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 32 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Read Flash This command is used to read the encrypted image of the flash that resides on the radio module If the image has already been decrypted then this command will report an error The length of this command is dictated by the dynamic memory heap If the heap is mostly free then a length of up to 700 bytes could be accepted However if the heap is full the command will return with an error or possibly no response at all if the heap is completely full PROCESS TO MANUALLY UPGRADE LT2510 Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt Length 1 0 Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response lt OxCC gt lt OxC4 gt lt Result gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt lt Data gt Parameter Range lt StartAddress 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x3A OxFF lt Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x02BC lt BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out 0x06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 Image Already Decrypted 0x02 Not Enough Free Memory try the command again with a shorter Length lt Data gt Contents of Flash
14. C to 85 C Storage Temperature Range 50 C to 150 C E Dimensions SMD ANT 1 0 x 1 54 x 0 14 25 4mm x 39mm x 3 6mm Dimensions SMD U FL 1 0 x 1 28 x 0 14 25 4mm x 33mm x 3 6mm Dimensions Pluggable ANT 0 96 x 1 42 x 0 406 24 3mm x 36mm x 10 3mm Dimensions Pluggable U FL 0 96 x 1 185 x 0 406 24 3mm x 30 1mm x 10 3mm SS See FCC Part 15 247 KQL 2510100P KQL 2510100P Industry Canada IC 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P CE N A EN 300 328 2 V1 71 EN 301 489 RoHS Yes Yes Japan PRM122 OOSWWCA0358 PRM123 OOSWWCA0359 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 2 PIN DEFINITIONS FOR THE LT2510 TRANSCEIVER GO_0 Generic Output Hop_Frame Hop_Frame 2 6 0 GO_1 Generic Output 3 8 DNC Do not connect 4 17 O DE RE RS 485 Driver Enable 5 19 0 PWM_Output PWM Output 6 3 RXD Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver 7 2 0 TXD Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver 8 10 GND GND Signal Ground 9 1 PWR Vcc 3 3 3 6 V 50mV ripple must be connected 10 PWR Vpa 3 3 3 6 V 50mV ripple must be connected 11 GND GND Signal Ground 12 9 Force Force 9600 When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting 9600 the transceiver s serial interface is forced to a 9600 8 N 1 rate Note Because this mode disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation 3 14 GI_0 Generic Input 4 5 uP_Reset RESET Controlled by the
15. Enable Auto Channel bit 2 RTS 0 Disable Enable bit 1 Duplex 0 Half Duplex Full Duplex bit 0 Auto Config 0 Auto Config Disabled 1 Auto Config Enabled Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Reserved Do not modify bit 3 Reserved Do not modify bit 2 RS 485 Data Enable 0 Disable RS 485 Data Enable 1 Enable RS 485 Data Enable bit 1 Nine Bit Mode 0 Disable Nine Bit Mode 1 Enable Nine Bit Mode bit 0 9600 Boot Option 0 Disable 9600 Boot Option 1 Enable 9600 Boot Option Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED se ee Interface 0x58 Ox02 0x03 Specifies a byte gap timeout used in conjunction with RF Timeout OXFF Packet Size to determine when a packet coming over the interface is complete 200us per increment Value in address in only used with custom baud rate RF Packet Size Ox5A 1 See OxEF Used in conjunction with Interface Timeout specifies Description the maximum size of an RF packet Value in address is only used when Auto Config is disabled RF Packet Size should not be less than 0x07 to ensure AT Commands can be issued The maximum value is 0x60 for 280kbps RF Data Rate and OxEF for 500kbps RF Data Rate Note Must be set to a minimum of 6 in order to send the Enter AT command CTS On Ox5C 2 Ox0000 0x01CO Ifthe transc
16. Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details RSSI Threshold 0x66 1 0x00 0xFF 0x50 Sets the Low threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is below RSSI Low Threshold Low then 0x00 0 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details RSSI Lag 0x67 1 0x00 0xFF 0x40 Constant controlling the rate of change of the PWM Output 18 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED PARAMETERS RSSI Control Destination MAC Address System ID MAC Address Part Numbers 19 wwwiairdtech com 0x70 0x76 0x80 0x90 0x68 1 0x00 0xFF OxF1 Settings are bit 7 PWM Output Port bit 6 PWM Output Port bit 5 Use Average RSSI 0 Ignore RSSI_Lag and report instantaneous RSSI 1 Uses RSSI_Lag and reports moving average of RSSI bit 4 Invert Report 0 PWM Outputs higher duty cycle for a stronger signal 1 PWM Outputs lower duty cycle for a stronger signal bit 3 Unintended Report 0 Disable Unintended report 1 Reports RSSI on packets not intended for this transceiver bit 2 Broadcast Report 0 Disable Broadcast Report 1 Reports RSSI on Broadcast packets received bit 1 Addressed Report 0 Disables Addressed Report 1 Reports RSSI on packets specifically addressed to this transceiver bit 0 Beacon Report 0 Disables Beacon Report 1 Reports RSSI on the beacon from the Server PWM Output Port The OEM can control which po
17. and when it is received free of errors Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Broadcast Attempts When transmitting broadcast packets the RF packet is broadcast out to all eligible receivers on the network Broadcast Attempts is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receivers Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the receivers If a receiver detects a packet error it will throw out the packet This will continue until the transmitter exhausts all of its attempts Once the receiver successfully receives the packet it will send the packet to the OEM host It will throw out any duplicates caused by further Broadcast Attempts The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if it is received free of errors Because broadcast packets have no RF acknowledgement each packet is transmitted the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts This makes for very inefficient use of the available bandwidth therefore it is recommended that Broadcast Attempts be set as low as possible and that broadcast packets be limited in use Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Range Refresh Range refresh specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a server s beacon It is adjustable in hop periods Do not set to 0 RF Channel Number This product uses FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum protocol in which the transceiver will communicate using fr
18. are meant as estimate and have an accuracy of 2dBm The RSSI reported by various commands has an effective range of 25dBm to 95dBm outside of this range the accuracy is not maintained Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS 16 wwwiairdtech com The LT2510 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a Server and all other radios configured as Clients When a radio is configured as a Server it will transmit a beacon at the beginning of each hop Radios configured as Clients will default to a receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network When a Client detects the Server s beacon the client will synchronize to it and transition the InRange pin low When the Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS Product ID Range Refresh Channel Number Mode Server Client Baud Rate Baud_M Baud_E Control 0 Transmit Retries Broadcast Attempts 0x00 0x3D 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 0x4C 0x4D 0x23 1 0x01 1 1 1 0x01 OxFF 79 Hops 0x00 Ox4E 43 Hops 0x00 0x34 0x01 0x02 0x00 0x0A 0x E3 0x00 OxFF 0x00 OxFF Bit Adjustable 0x01 OxFF 0x01 OxFF 0x48 0x00 0x02 0x09 0x00 0x00 0x88
19. changes lt value gt 0x00 0xFF do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size 0x5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS_On_L Ox5D CTS_Off_H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Destination MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC Address 0 0x75 System ID 0x76 25 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 26 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to change the Destination Address Read Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to read the Destination Address Auto Destination Channel The Host issues this command to change the Auto Destination setting When issuing this command the Auto Destination setting will only be changed if the corresponding enable bit is set Otherwise the command performs a read of Auto Destination If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Read API Control The OEM Host issues this command to read the API Control byte Write API Control The OEM Host issues this command to write the API Control byte to enable or disable the API features Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x10
20. configure and poll for status of the transceiver Command mode can be entered by issuing the Enter AT Command string or by setting the CMD Data pin low Details of using Command Mode to configure the LT2510 are detailed in Configuring the LT2510 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 10 wwwiairdtech com SERIAL INTERFACE BAUD RATE In order for the OEM Host and a transceiver to communicate over the serial interface they need to have the same serial data rate This value determines the baud rate used for communicating over the serial interface to a transceiver For a baud rate to be valid the calculated baud rate must be within 3 of the OEM Host baud rate TABLE 7 BAUD RATE INTERFACE TIMEOUT 230 400 0x0A 0x02 115 200 0x09 0x02 57 600 0x08 0x02 38 400 0x07 0x02 28 000 0x06 0x03 19 200 0x05 0x05 14 400 0x04 0x07 9 600 0x03 0x10 4 800 0x02 0x15 2 400 0x01 0x2A 1 200 0x00 0x53 Non standard 0xE3 Use equation below 1 Interface Timeout 200uS per increment the EEPROM address 0x58 is ignored if Auto Config is enabled To use a non standard Interface Timeout disable Auto Config 2 Default baud rate For baud rates other than those shown in Table 7 the following equations can be used 256 BAUD_M 284U FREQUENCY 228 Baud Rate Where FREQUENCY 26 MHz BAUD_M EEPROM Address 0x43 BAUD_E EEPROM Address 0x44 100 000 Baud Rate Minimum Interface Timeout ENGINEER S T
21. gt lt MAC1 gt lt MAC2 gt lt MAC3 gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt MAC 1 gt lt MAC2i gt lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address Where MAC3 is the LSB Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x11 Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt MAC1 gt lt MAC2 gt lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address Where MAC3 is the LSB Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x15 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt 0xCC gt lt Auto Dest gt Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bit 7 Ignored bit 6 Ignored bit 5 Enable Modification of Auto Channel bit 4 Enable Modification of Auto Destination bit 3 Ignored bit 2 Ignored bit 1 Auto Channel bit 0 Auto Destination Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x16 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt API Control gt Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit 0 Receive API Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x17 gt lt API Control gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt API Control Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit O Receive API Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING T
22. is never visible to the OEM host Upon boot radios configured as Clients will enter receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network When a Client detects the Server s beacon the client will synchronize it s frequency hopping to it that of the Server and transition the InRange pin low When the Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Each network consists of one and only one Server Multiple networks can exist in the same area provided the networks are configured on different Channels The LT2510 utilizes an intelligent Frequency Hopping algorithm which ensures minimal interference between networks The possible interference between collocated networks is given by the equation Maximum number of interfering bins of collocated Servers 1 For example with 10 collocated networks there will be 9 bins every hop cycle that are occupied by more than one network at the same time Although two or more networks might occupy the same hop bin at the same time there will truly only be interference if two or more radios from alternate networks are trying to transmit on the same bin at the same time in the same coverage area ADJUSTABLE RF DATA RATE The LT2510 s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range TABLE 6 RF DATA RATE PRM110 111 112 113 0x00 500kpbs 43 94dBm 250kpbs 121 122 123 124 PRM110
23. lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt If the response is OxFF OxFF then Vid has not been set Issuing the command lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt Ox06 gt lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt will not set the Vendor ID EEPROM Byte Read Upon receiving this command a transceiver will respond with the desired data from the addresses requested by the OEM Host Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x24 gt lt PWM Ratio Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt 0x24 gt Parameter Range lt PWM Ratio gt 0x00 OxFF the ratio of the high pulse versus the low pulse for a single period Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x25 gt lt Max Pwr Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Max Pwr gt Parameter Range lt Max Power gt 200mW Module 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical 100mW Module 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 _8 dBm typical Command lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Vid_H gt lt Vid_ Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Value gt Parameter Range lt Vid_H gt 0x00 OxFF lt Vid_L gt 0x00 OxFF lt Value gt If Vid is set the response will be 0x00 0x00 If Vid is not set the response will be OxFF_OxFF Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Respo
24. met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technology FCC identifier for this product as well as the FCC notice below The FCC identifiers are listed above Contains FCC ID KQL 2510100 The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible consistent with the dimensions of the equipment and the label However the type size for the text is not required to be larger than eight point ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power e i r p is not more than that permitted for successful communication WARNING This device has been tested with a U FL connector with the above listed antennas When integrated into the OEM s product these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing end users from replacing them with non approved antennas Any antenna not listed in the above table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15 203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15 247 for emissions Contact Laird Technology for assistance
25. the source MAC is not included in the received data string sent to the OEM Host For applications where multiple radios are sending data it may be necessary to determine the origin of a specific data packet When API Receive Packet is enabled all packets received by the transceiver will include the MAC address of the source radio as well as an RSSI indicator which can be used to determine the link quality between the two API Receive Packet is enabled when bit 0 of the API Control Address OxC1 byte is enabled Upon receiving a RF packet the radio sends its OEM Host the data as shown in Figure 2 below FIGURE 2 RECEIVE API PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Received RSSI Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Sender s MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data API TRANSMIT PACKET API Transmit Packet is a powerful API Mode that allows the OEM Host to send data to a single or multiple via Broadcast transceivers on a packet by packet basis This can be useful for many applications including polling networks and mesh networks API Transmit Packet is enabled when bit 1 of the API Control address 0xC1 byte is enabled The OEM should pre pend each packet of data with the following header information FIGURE 3 TRANSMIT API PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length 0x01
26. transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time Settings 1 packet time 0x00 1 2 packet times 0x01 1 4 packet times 0x03 1 8 packet times 0x07 1 16 packet times OxOF 1 32 packet times 0x1F 1 64 packet times 0x3F 1 128 packet times 0x7F 1 256 packet times OxFF D O B OxE0 4 Provides factory calibration and test date 20 wwwiairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 21 wwwiairdtech com The LT2510 can be configured using AT Configuration Commands These commands can be issued only in Command Mode Command Mode can be entered by setting pin 15 of a transceiver low or by issuing the Enter AT Command AT COMMANDS There are four types of AT Commands supported by the LT2510 On the Fly commands for dynamic reprogramming of running memory EEPROM commands for configuring the EEPROM Utility commands for dealing with Command Mode and Status Commands for polling the radio for information While in Command Mode via the CMD Data pin the incoming RF interface of the transceiver is still active and packets sent from other transceivers will still be received however no outgoing RF packets will be sent While in Command Mode via the Enter AT Command string the RF interface is not active and no incoming packets will be received The CMD Dat
27. 111 121 122 0x01 280kpbs 79 98dBm 120kpbs PRM110 111 112 113 0x03 280kpbs 43 98dBm 120kpbs 121 122 123 124 1 Throughput is ideal one direction with no retransmissions All practical RF applications should allow for the retransmission of data due to interference or less than ideal RF conditions 2 CE versions 50 mW allow the 43 hop set ONLY Deciding which RF Data Rate to choose depends on the individual application The fast RF Data Rate will deliver much faster throughput but will have much less range In addition because the lower data rate solution uses more hops it is better situated for collocated networks In version 1 2 5 and above the RF Data rate is set by the appropriate RF Profile EEPROM Address 0x54 A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6dB of gain doubles the effective distance The 4dB gain on the Receive Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it will be able to transmit almost 60 farther than the higher data rate solution Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 9 www lairdtech com MODES OF OPERATION The LT2510 has three different types of interface modes e Transparent Mode e API Mode e Command Mode The first two modes are used to transmit data across the RF the third mode is used to configure the radio Transparent Mode When operating in transparent mode the LT2510 can act as a direct serial cable replacement in which RF data is forwarded o
28. 450 A Laird Technologies Chip 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 INDICATIONS OF SYMBOLS ON EQUIPMENT The symbols listed below shall be indicated on the main unit of the radio equipment The symbols in the same format shall be indicated also on the package The following figure is intended to serve as an example Refer to ARIB STD T66 for details Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module LT2510 FIRMWARE This section will detail key differences between firmware releases of the LT2510 The previous sections of the User HISTORY Manual only deal with the latest version Some features and default settings have changed from one firmware to the next This section will detail those differences Hardware changes On PCB 00157 Rev 0 and Rev 1 the FCC ID is KQL 2510100 and the IC number is 2268C 2510100 On PCB 00157 Rev 2 pin 13 at the connector was swapped with pin 20 On PCB 00157 Rev 2 and forward the FCC ID is KQL 2510100P and the IC number is 2268C 2510100P FW1 0 3 e Initial Release e This version has an issue which permits received RF packets that fail CRC check to be forwarded across the UART e This version has an issue which permits a Client RF packet to collide with a Server RF packet in Full Duplex mode e Baud rates lt 4800 baud will drop a byte when sending packets over the serial interface larger than the RF Packet Size e The Bin Analyzer command reports the incorrect bin number e The module does not work properly bel
29. ABLE 4 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3V Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov 99v 0 6v 99v 99v N A 99v 99v GO_0 2 5v GO_1 2 5v PWM_Output N A TXD 2 5v in_Range 2 5v CTS 2 5v BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 includes a functional Block Diagram of the transceiver module 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v Ov Ov Ov Ov Ov 0 4v 0 4v N A 0 4v 0 4v 0 4v 20mA 20mA 4mA 4mA 4mA 4mA Force EI a E Output Buffer Serial UART Input Buffer Receiver LNA Laird Technologies 6 LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS www lairdtech com TABLE 5 TIMING SPECIFICATIONS Power on to CTS Low 5ms 10ms N A The first boot after a FW upgrade will require more than the typical amount of time for CTS to toggle low EEPROM Read 800us Ims 2ms Measured from last byte of command to first byte of response 870us for 1 byte 1 1ms for 80bytes 1 4ms for 256bytes EEPROM Write 20ms 30ms 40ms Measured EEPROM writes will cause the radio to resyncrhonize Power on to In Range Client only 13ms 600ms 1700ms Maximum time assuming all server will go beacons are heard RF interference in range in less could extend the maximum time than 13ms indefinitely Hop Period In Range 13 19ms Hop Period Out of Range Client only 38 4ms Reset Pulse 250ns PWM Output Period 315 077uS RF HOP FRAME The LT2510 will hop every 13 19ms and can be configured for two differe
30. ABLE 8 COMMAND QUICK REFERENCE UTILITY COMMANDS Enter AT Command Mode Exit AT Command Mode Enter Deep Sleep Soft Reset Restore Factory Settings and Soft Reset STATUS COMMANDS Status Request Read Temperature Bin Analyzer ON THE FLY COMMANDS Change Channel Change Server Client Set Broadcast Mode Read IRAM Write IRAM Write Destination Address Read Destination Address Auto Destination Channel Read API Control Write API Control Read Digital Input Read ADC Get Last RSSI Write Digital Outputs Write PWM Set Power Control Set Vendor ID EEPROM COMMANDS EEPROM Byte Read EEPROM Byte Write lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x0D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x0D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt 0x03 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0xCC gt lt OxFF gt lt OxCC gt lt OxFF gt lt 0xDF gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt lt O0xCC gt lt 0xA4 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x8F gt lt Data gt lt Optional NumRuns gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Channel gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x03 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x08 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x0A gt lt Location gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x0B gt lt Location gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x10 gt lt Dest Address last thee bytes gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x11 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x15 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x16 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x17 gt lt API Control gt
31. CP2400 2150 00006 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Nearson Nearson Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Chip Omni Panel Dipole Dipole Dipole Dipole MIN Oo OJ O OJN The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 41 www lairdtech com FCC IC REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULAR APPROVAL In general there are two agency classifications of wireless applications portable and mobile Portable Portable is a classification of equipment where the user in general will be within 7 87in 20cm of the transmitting antenna Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes within 98in 2 5cm of human contact and beyond 98in 2 5cm The LT2510 is not agency approved for portable applications The OEM is required to have additional testing performed to receive this classification Contact Laird Technology for more details Mobile Mobile defines equipment where the user will be 7 87in 20cm or greater from the transmitting equipment The antenna must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be moved closer to the user with respect to the equipment though the equipment may be moved This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 7 87in
32. HE LT2510 27 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Read Digital Inputs The OEM Host issues this command to read the state of both digital output lines Write Digital Outputs The OEM Host issues this command to write both digital output lines to particular states GO_O will not be available as a Digital Output if Hop Frame is enabled Read ADC The OEM host issues this command to read the analog to digital converters at up to 12 bit resolution Higher resolutions can cause slower responses from the command The time required for a conversion is Tconv decimation rate 16 23uS In the most common forms this will be used to measure the input voltage to detect reduced battery power with Vdd 3 the temperature sensor or the Analog input on Pin 22 For the most accurate results the 1 25V internal reference should be chosen though this would limit the OEM to a maximum AD n of 1 25 v Vdd 3 and Temperature Sensor should always be below 1 25v The ADC result is represented in a two s complement form The result is the difference between ground and the selected channel and will be a value between 2048 and 2047 with 2047 representing the maximum value where the ADC result equals the reference voltage and 2048 equals the negative of the reference voltage The ADC cannot measure a voltage higher than the reference voltage Get Last RSSI This command is used to report signal strength RSSI information about the last RF Pac
33. ICAL DRAWING CONSIDERATIONS FIGURE 5 FORM FACTOR SMD U FL Keep area under the module free of other components or any traces and copper on the outer layer PCB Mounting Top View Ooooooo00 Tis 10 1 Lis 1 130 a PCB Pad Pattern Top View 2 9 Lpooooooon 1 ses HAA 0 080 0 080 281 i 0 930 1 070 1 000 1 435 a aa Padi tes z Side View 0 205 RF Shield 0 079 typ U FL Antenna Connector 0 144 0 031 0 000 Top View U FL Antenna Connector 0 079 typ 1 000 1 000 Pad Detail 0815 0 810 0 619 0 079 typ 0 381 RF Test Probe 0 125 0 000 0 000 A e 0 070 0 000 0 125 1 095 1 275 0 205 0 837 0 875 Notes All dimensions are 005 inches PC Board Material is 0 031 thick FR4 Board edge connections are 0 031 plated holes Not to exceed 265 degrees C during soldering 36 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 37 wwwiairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 6 FORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE side view Integral Antenna me Ge i 0 020 square pin 20 places ee E Seas a pad pattern top view top view UFL Antenna Connecter RF Test Probe Ah 1 00000000 _ 0 062 pad 0 033 hole 20 places al 1185 1 420 0 079 typ 0 960 The Pluggable LT2510 uses a single row header with 2mil s
34. INEER S TIP Can implement a design using just TXD RXD and Gnd Three wire Interface Yes However it is strongly recommended that your hardware monitor the CTS pin of the radio CTS is taken High by the radio when its interface buffer is getting full Your hardware should stop sending at this point to avoid a buffer overrun and subsequent loss of data You can perform a successful design without monitoring CTS However you need to take into account the amount of latency the radio adds to the system any additional latency caused by Transmit Retries how often you send data non delivery network timeouts and interface data rate Laird Technologies can assist in determining whether CTS is required for your application RADIO CONFIGURATIONS Transmit Retries When transmitting addressed packets the RF packet is sent out to the receiver designated by its destination address Transmit Retries is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receiver Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the intended receiver If the receiver receives the packet free of errors it will send the transmitter an acknowledgement If the transmitter does not receive this acknowledgement it will assume the packet was never received and retry the packet This will continue until the packet is successfully received or the transmitter exhausts all of its retries The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if
35. IP e The LT2510 supports a majority of standard as well as non standard baud rates To select a standard baud rate use the value shown for EEPROM address 0x42 in Table 7 above To enable a non standard baud rate program EEPROM address 0x42 Custom Baud Enable to OxE3 and then use the equation above to solve for BAUD_M and BAUD_E e Adjusting the Serial Interface Baud Rate does not affect the RF data rate Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 11 www lairdtech com INTERFACE TIMEOUT RF PACKET SIZE Interface Timeout Interface Timeout specifies a maximum byte gap between consecutive bytes When that byte gap is exceeded the bytes in the transmit buffer are processed as a complete packet Interface Timeout EEPROM address 0x58 in conjunction with the RF Packet Size determines when a buffer of data will be sent out over the RF as a complete RF packet based on whichever condition occurs first Interface Timeout is adjustable in 200us increments and should be equal to or greater than two full bytes times The minimum Interface Timeout is 0x02 The radio will use the default Interface Timeout for a given baud rate if Auto Config is enabled despite what is written in the Interface Timeout address To use a non standard Interface Timeout the OEM would need to disable Auto Config RF Packet Size RF Packet Size is used in conjunction with Interface Timeout to determine when to delineate incoming data as
36. Image button this will reset the radio to the new FW Mett ContguratoniietUiy ECLA LER PARR RRRER EER SLR PRRRERRE EE REM EERE RE CPRREEREORERE LB ERERRREREREORERERERRRERREELERDEREDRER ER BREE e m T Configure Range Test Terminal Chat Command PC Settings S Oe Save Settings on Exit JV ReadiNrite with AT Commands Use Auto Baud Port J7 Auto Archive EEPROM Settings J Monitor UDP for new devices Baud Rate 115200 Parity None recommended r Handshaking Hardware recommended Data Bits fe x Stop Bits h x m Port2 Settings Enabled J USB Product Product L12510 z Read Radio to Image N a Filename Port1 Open COM1 115 200 8 N 1 Communications idle RTS Port1 High CTS Porti Low Porta Closed RTS Port2 High S Port2 High Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 31 wwwiairdtech com UPGRADING FW COMMANDS These commands are used to upgrade the FW on the LT2510 these commands are only valid on FW version 1 3 and above COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write Flash This command is used to write an encrypted binary file to the reserve flash The OEM should first issue the Erase Flash command before writing a new image to the flash Writes can only be done in increments less than 256 bytes The Binary file should start being written at address 0x00 and incremented from there Decrypt New Image This co
37. M output Setting the value to 0x00 will result in an instantaneous RSSI Because RSSI is measured per hop and the radio can hop over 43 or 79 hops instantaneous RSSI may be too quickly moving to be of use as a signal strength indicator The default value is 0x40 and should be sufficient for most applications It should be set to a value of less than 0x80 RSSI_Lag affects the PWM Output according to the following equations Cumulative_Lag Cumulative_Lag RSSI_Current Old_RSSI_Avg New_RSSI_Avg Old_RSSI_Avg Cumulative_Lag mod EE_Lag Cumulative lag is then stored in memory until the next time RSSI is calculated If Cumulative_Lag mod EE_Lag gt 0 then Cumulative_Lag remainder of Cumulative_Lag mod EE_Lag RSSI_ Control EEPROM 0x68 RSSI Control is used to control the output of the RSSI PWM output and what messages the radio reports on Note if Disable Hop Frame is Disabled so as to report Hop Frame it will be output on GO_O pin 1 of SMT module so the PWM Output should not be set to output to that pin or conflicting signals will be sent on that output pin Vendor ID The Vendor ID like the System ID can be used to uniquely identify a network Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate with other radios with the same set Vendor ID The Vendor ID is a one time write parameter The Vendor ID is a protected EEPROM parameter and it s value cannot be read through AT commands It can only be set and it can
38. T2510 for power on reset if left unconnected After a stable power on reset a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver 5 11 CMD Data When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming OEM Host data as command data When logic High the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data 6 15 O In Range When logic low the client is in range and synchronized with a server This will always be low on a Server 7 16 l RTS Request to Send Floats high if left unconnected When enabled the module will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is low 8 12 0 CTS Clear to Send CTS is used for hardware flow control CTS will toggle high when the input buffer reaches the CTS On threshold until the buffer recedes below CTS Off 9 18 GI_1 Generic Input 20 13 Reserved Reserved for future use Do not connect 21 4 Reserved Reserved for future use Do not connect 22 20 AD_In Analog to Digital Input ENGINEER S TIP e All 1 0 is 3 3V TTL e All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20kOhm pull up resistor and may be left floating during normal operation e Minimum Connections VCC VPA GND TXD amp RXD e Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver e Unused pins should be left disconnected 4 wwwiairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS 5 www lairdtech com TABLE 3 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS 2 31v Test 2 31v UP_Reset 0 8v CMD Data 2 31v RTS 2 31v AD_In N Av DIO 2 31v D11 2 31v T
39. USER MANUAL Version 1 1 4 7 z z Z D a T D D n 2 Laird TECHNOLOGIES gt Innovative Technology for a Connected World Laird TECHNOLOGIES Innovative Technology for a Connected World Laird Technologies is the world leader in the design and manufacture of customized performance critical products for wireless and other advanced electronics applications Laird Technologies partners with its customers to find solutions for applications in various industries such as Network Equipment Telecommunications Data Communications Automotive Electronics Computers Aerospace Military Medical Equipment Consumer Electronics Laird Technologies offers its customers unique product solutions dedication to research and development as well as a seamless network of manufacturing and customer support facilities across the globe Copyright 2010 Laid Technologies Inc All rights reserved The information contained in this manual and the accompanying software programs are copyrighted and all rights are reserved by Laird Technologies Inc Laird Technologies Inc reserves the right to make periodic modifications of this product without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision Copying duplica without the prior consent of an authorized representative of Laird Technologies Inc is strictly prohibited All brands and product names in this publication are registered trademarks or trade
40. _ OFF EEPROM addresses Ox5E Ox5F signalling to the OEM Host that it may resume sending data to the transceiver Note It is recommended that the OEM Host cease all data transmission to the radio while CTS is de asserted High otherwise potential data loss may occur Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 12 wwwiairdtech com TXD Data Buffer And RTS As data to be forwarded to the OEM Host accumulates it is stored in the LT2510 s outgoing buffer until the radio is ready to begin sending the data to the OEM Host Once the data packet has been sent to the Host over the serial interface it will be removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer With RTS Mode disabled the transceiver will send any data to the OEM Host as soon as it has data to send However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS Mode Enabled the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High causing the transceiver to store the data in its buffer Upon asserting RTS up to two additional bytes can be received over the serial interface before the flow is stopped Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will continue sending data to the OEM Host beginning with any data stored in its buffer Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the radio s TXD buffer reaches capacity ENG
41. a RX Disable can be enabled to turn off the transceiver when using the CMD Data pin causing it to act identical to the Enter AT Command String The transceiver uses Interface Timeout RF Packet Size to determine when an AT Command is complete Therefore there should be no delay between each character as it is sent from the OEM Host to the transceiver or the transceiver will not recognize the command For this reason the OEM must use a microcontroller or the OEM Configuration Utility Software to configure the radio Though the radios are accessible with normal terminal emulators such as HyperTerminal it is not possible to type AT commands and maintain the restrictions on Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size AT Commands sent to the LT2510 must still adhere to the interface guidelines specified by the Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size For this reason standard terminal emulators such as HyperTerminal cannot be used to configure the LT2510 Manually typing AT Commands will cause the Interface Timeout to be reached between characters and the command will not be processed AT commands should be issued either with the Laird Technologies OEM Configuration Utility or sent directly from a microcontroller or other host When an invalid command is sent the radio discards the data and no response is sent to the OEM Host Table 8 below shows a quick summary of the basic configuration and diagnostic commands available on the LT2510 For detailed command informa
42. as radio or transceiver Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features The host PC Microcontroller Any device to which the LT2510 module is connected will be referred to as OEM Host or Host Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS 3 www lairdtech com TABLE 1 LT2510 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS Form Factor SMD ANT SMD U FL Pluggable ANT Pluggable U FL Antenna Integrated chip antenna or external antenna through U FL connector Non standard baud rates are also supported Channels 42 or 78 selectable channels 42 selectable channels Security Channelization and System ID Minimum Flash EEPROM Memory Endurance 1000 Write Erase Cycles TRANSCENVER Frequency Band 2400 2483 5 MHz RF Data Rate Raw 280 kbps or 500kbps selectable Hop Bin Spacing 900kHz over 79 hops 1500kHz over 43 hops RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation MSK Output Power Conducted 11 to 21dBm selectable 8 to 17dBm selectable Supply Voltage 3 3 3 6V 50mV ripple Current Draw 100 TX 190mA 85mA 1 8 TX when selected 40mA 40mA 100 RX 40mA 40mA RX average idle current 10mA 10mA Deep sleep 50uA 50uA Receiver Sensitivity 1 PER 98 dBm at 280kbps RF Data Rate 94 dBm at 500kbps RF Data Rate Range Outdoor line of sight 2 5miles 4km 1 5miles 2 4km based on external mee ee as Indoor estimated 1300ft 400m 790ft 240m ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Temperature Range 40
43. at it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time System ID System ID is similar to a password character or network number and makes network eavesdropping more difficult A receiving transceiver will not go in range of or communicate with another transceiver on a different System ID System ID can be ignored on a Client by enabling Auto System ID RF Profile RF Profile can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range Deciding which RF Profile to choose depends on the individual application Selecting a higher RF baud rate will provide increased RF bandwidth However selecting the lower RF baud rate will provide significantly improved range Selecting fewer hops provides a shorter sync time whereas more hops will provide better interference and collocated system immunity Destination The Destination Address is simply the MAC IEEE address of the intended receiver on the network In Addressed Mode the RF packet is sent out to the intended receiver designated by the Destination Address Only the four LSBs Least Significant Bytes of the Destination Address are actually used for packet delivery This field is ignored if Broadcast Mode Auto Destination or Transmit API
44. ceiver will not validate the parity bit but simply transmits it over the RF This is useful as some systems use the ninth bit as an extra data bit and not just a parity bit However because the ninth bit is transmitted over the RF enabling Nine Bit Mode cuts the transceiver interface buffer size by 1 9 and reduces the RF bandwidth by the same ratio Legacy RSSI RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator is a measure of how well the receiving radio is able to hear the transmitting radio By default RSSI is reported in 2 s complement format therefore values range from 0x80 Ox7F Many preceding products have instead reported RSSI in the range of 0x00 OxFF Legacy RSSI causes 0x80 to be added to the RSSI result prior to reporting it to the host 9600 Boot Option When enabled 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for warm and cold boots as well as brown out conditions Sniff Permit Sniff Permit will allow a radio to receive a radio packet from another radio on the network regardless of the Destination MAC Address in the radio packet This allows an OEM to create a Sniffer for all network traffic Sniff Permit woul
45. chnical support Command lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt Ox0D Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x43 gt lt Ox4F gt lt 0x4D gt Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x0D gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x44 gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt 0x03 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Command lt OxCC gt lt OxFF gt Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response lt OxCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status Parameter Range lt Firmware gt Radio Firmware version lt Status gt 0x02 Server 0x03 Clients In Range 0x01 Client not In Range Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xA4 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Temp gt Parameter Range lt Temp gt Temperature Celsius in Two s compliment format Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 24 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Bin Analyzer The Bin Analyzer is a powerful command for understanding the link conditions between two radios over the entire frequency hopping spectrum The Bin Analyzer will cause the local radio to send a special Bin Analyzer
46. d need to be enabled on both the transmitting radio to grant it s permission to be heard and would need to be enabled on the sniffer radio to override the MAC Address filter functionality RSSI Output to PWM A moving RSSI Average can be written to the PWM Output as a signal strength indicator The output pin to use the threshold range for the RSSI and the RSSI Type reported can all be configured through EEPROM Addresses The PWM Output has a 315 077uS period The duty cycle is set by the RSSI value recorded by the transceiver and the RSSI Threshold High and RSSI Threshold Low values RSSI Threshold High EEPROM 0x65 Is the upper limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported above this value strong signals will report a 100 Duty Cycle on the PWM Output RSSI Threshold Low EEPROM 0x66 Is the lower limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported below this value weak signals will report a 0 Duty Cycle on the PWM Output To calculate the thresholds use the equation RSSI_Dec RSSI_dBm 82 2 128 Then convert this from Decimal to Hexadecimal notation Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 15 wwwiairdtech com RSSI_Lag EEPROM 0x67 Controls a filter on the PWM output to smooth out the changes made to the PWM signal Setting the value to a very low number will result in very quick changing output Setting the value to a higher number will result in a slower varying PW
47. e flow control for fast integration into an existing serial infrastructure KEY FEATURES Retries and acknowledgements e Low cost low power and small size ideal e Configurable network parameters for high volume portable and battery e Multiple generic I O powered applications e 280 kbps or 500kbps RF data stream e All modules are qualified for Industrial e Idle current draw of 12mA sleep current temperatures 40 C to 85 C of 50uA e Advanced configuration available using e Software selectable interface baud rates iy ommanas f from 1200 bps to 460 8 kbps e Easy to use Configuration amp Test Utility e Upgradable FW through serial port software OVERVIEW The LT2510 is available in two versions one with 125mW conducted output power and approved for North American and similar markets and one with 50mW conducted output power and approved for European and similar markets These modules are identical except for output power transmit power consumption and the number of RF Channels available Differences between the two versions where applicable will be denoted based on part number This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies LT2510 transceiver and an OEM Host Information includes the theory of operation specifications interface definitions configuration information and mechanical drawings Note Unless mentioned specifically by name the LT2510 modules will be referred to
48. eiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to Ox1FFF it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High CTS will be deasserted High when the transmit buffer contains this many characters CTS Off Ox5E 2 0x0000 0x0180 If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to 0x01FE it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High Once the CTS has been deasserted CTS will be reasserted Low when the transmit buffer contains this many or less characters Max Power 0x63 1 0x00 0x00 Used to increase decrease the output power 0x03 200mW Module 100mW Module 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical 0x03 8 dBm typical Note The transceivers are shipped at maximum allowable power RSSI Threshold 0x65 1 0x00 0xFF OxFF Sets the High threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is above RSSI Hi Threshold Hi then OxFF 100 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM
49. equency bins spaced throughout the frequency band Therefore RF Channel Number specifies a unique pseudo random hopping sequence Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 13 wwwiairdtech com Mode Server Client The server controls the frequency hop timing by sending out regular beacons transparent to the transceiver host which contain system timing information This timing information synchronizes the client radio frequency hopping to the server Each network should consist of only one server Max Power The transceiver has an adjustable RF output power Power can be adjusted dynamically to optimize communications reliability and conserve power Each increment represents a 3dBm 50 decrease in power The radios have a maximum input RF level of OdBm When operated very close together at full power the radio s receiver can saturate and no transmissions are possible If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is very short generally less than 2ft 6m with 2 5dBi antennas the Max Power should be reduced Random Backoff The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver will choose a random number of packet times th
50. is enabled Full Duplex In Half Duplex mode the transceiver will send a packet out over the RF immediately This can cause packets sent at the same time by a server and a client to collide with each other over the RF To prevent this Full Duplex Mode can be enabled This mode reserves a transmit slot for the server If the server does not have any data to transmit clients are permitted to transmit during that time If the server does have data to send clients will not be permitted to transmit during that slot Likewise the server will not be able to transmit during a client slot Though the RF hardware is still technically half duplex it makes the transceiver seem full duplex This can cause overall throughputs to be cut in half Note All transceivers on the same network must have the same setting for Full Duplex Auto Config The optimal settings for Interface Timeout RF Packet Size and RS 485 DE Timing vary according to the selected RF Profile and Interface Baud Rate Enabling Auto Config will bypass the value for these variables stored in EEPROM and use predetermined values that have been optimized for the given mode When Auto Config is disabled these values must be programmed in the transceiver EEPROM Auto Channel To allow for more flexible network configurations Auto Channel can be enabled in clients to allow them to automatically synchronize with the first server they detect regardless of channel number Note A client wi
51. ket the radio received This command will only report the last packet information and will report for any RF packet it received either Server Beacon or RF Packet including RF Packets that were not intended for this radio eg packets with a different Destination MAC Address than this radio Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x20 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Digital Out gt Parameter Range lt Digital Out gt bit 1 GI_1 Pin 19 bit 0 GI_O Pin 13 Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x23 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Digital Out gt Parameter Range lt Digital Out gt bit 1 GO_1 Pin 2 bit 0 GO_O Pin 1 Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x21 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC lt Hi ADC gt lt Lo ADC Parameter Range lt Data bits 6 7 gt lt Reference Voltage gt 00 Internal 1 25V reference 10 Vdd on AVdd pin lt Data bits 4 5 gt lt Resolution gt 00 64 decimation rate 7 bits resolution 01 128 decimation rate 9 bits resolution 10 256 decimation rate 10 bits resolution 11 512 decimation rate 12 bits resolution lt Data bits 0 3 gt lt Channel gt 0000 AD In Pin 22 1100 GND 1101 Positive Voltage Reference 1110 Temperature Sensor 1111 Vdd 3 lt Hi ADC gt MSB or requested 12 bit ADC value Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x22 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt RSSI
52. le Enable Sniff Permit Maximum number of times a packet is retransmitted when Addressed packets are selected Note Setting to 0 will put the Transmit Retries at a value of 256 OxFF Number of times each packet is transmitted when Broadcast packets are selected Note Setting to 0 will put the Broadcast Attempts at a value of 256 OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS 17 wwwiairdtech com TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED RF Data Rate 0x51 See 0x01 Description 0x00 0x01 RF Profile 0x54 1 See Description Control 1 0x56 1 0x01 0x40 OxFF Control 2 0x57 0x00 0x61 OxFF RF Data Rate Number of Hops Address 280Kbps 43 0x0 0x0 0x0 For FCC Markets only 500Kbps 43 0x00 0x0 0x00 280Kbps 79 0x0 0x00 0x0 280Kbps 43 0x0 0x0 0x2 Superceded by RF Profile in FW 1 3 and above RF Data Rate Number of Hops Profile Value 500Kbps 43 0x00 280Kbps 79 0x01 For FCC Markets only This is the default for the PRM110 111 120 121 280Kbps 43 0x03 This is the default for the PRM112 113 122 123 Superceded by RF Profile in FW 1 3 and above Settings are bit 7 Reserved bit 6 Disable Hop Frame 0 Disable Turns on Hop Frame Pin Enable Turns off Hop Frame Pin bit 5 Reserved bit 4 Auto Destination 0 Use destination address Use auto destination bit 3 Client Auto Channel 0 Disable Auto Channel
53. ll not be liable for any damage or failure caused by misuse abuse acts of God accidents electrical irregularity or other causes beyond Laird Technologies control or claim by other than the original purchaser In no event shall Laird Technologies be responsible or liable for any damages arising From the use of product From the loss of use revenue or profit of the product or As a result of any event circumstance action or abuse beyond the control of Laird Technologies whether such damages be direct indirect consequential special or otherwise and whether such damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or third party If after inspection Laird Technologies determines that there is a defect Laird Technologies will repair or replace the OEM transceiver at their discretion If the product is replaced it may be a new or refurbished product LT2510 Wireless Module REVISION REVISION HISTORY HISTORY Revision Description Version 1 0 07 21 08 Initial Release Version Version 1 0 1 8 25 08 Updated name to LT2510 Version 1 0 2 10 8 08 Changed Modulation and RF Data Rate Version 1 0 3 11 17 08 Added TX API and Adjustable RF Data Rate Version 1 0 4 1 2 4 08 Engineering Updates Version 1 1 03 13 09 Version 1 1 4 1 LWS UM LT2510 0509 Version 1 1 4 2 05 18 09 LT2510 User Manual Updates Version 1 1 4 3 09 15 09 Added NZH Antenna amp CE Version 1 1 4 4 10 14 09 LT2510 User Manual Updates and Addi
54. marks of their respective ho This material is preliminary Information furnished by Laird Technologies in this specification is believed to be accurate Devices sold by Laird of Sale only Laird Technologies makes no warranty express statutory and implied or by description regarding time and without notice Laird Technologies products are intended for use in normal commercial and industria support or life sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional testing for such application Limited Warranty Disclaimer Limitation of Liability For a period of one 1 year from the date of purchase by the OEM customer Laird Technologies warrants the O ing selling or otherwise distributing any part of this product or accompanying documentation software ders Technologies are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms the information set forth herein Laird Technologies reserves the right to change specifications at any applications Applications requiring unusual environmental requirements such as military medical life EM transceiver against defects in materials and workmanship Laird Technologies will not honor this warranty and this warranty will be automatically void if there has been any 1 tampering signs of tampering 2 repair or attempt to repair by anyone other than an Laird Technologies authorized technician This warranty does not cover and Laird Technologies wi
55. mmand is used to decrypt the binary file that was previously downloaded to the radio The next reboot of the module will cause this decrypted image to be loaded into the memory Once the file is decrypted it cannot be read from the module Erase New Image From Flash It is not necessary to issue this command Radio automatically erases the new image upon loading it into active memory However if the wrong image is loaded the image can be erased It is not possible to overwrite a downloaded image without erasing it or activating it Command lt OxCC gt lt OxC4 gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt Length 1 0 gt lt BytesToWrite gt lt Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Result gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt Parameter Range StartAddress 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x3B OxFF Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x01 0x00 OxFF BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out 0x06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 A valid image already exists erase that Flash before overwriting Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC5 Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt Data gt Parameter Range lt Data gt 0x00 No Error 0x01 Error in File integrity erase Flash and retry download 0x02 Not enough free memory Reset the module and try again 0x04 Image
56. ndicator When a radio sends an addressed packet it will look for a received acknowledgement transparent to the OEM Host If an acknowledgement is not received the packet will be retransmitted until one is received or all retries have been exhausted For applications where data loss is not an option the OEM Host may wish to monitor the acknowledgement process using the API Send Data Complete If an acknowledgement is not received Failure the OEM Host can send the packet to the transceiver once again Because the Send Data Complete is reliant upon a successful RF Acknowledgement from the receiving radio a False Positive is not possible but a False Negative may occur That is the receiving radio may have received the packet successfully but the acknowledgement was not received at the transmitting radio For Broadcast packets the Send Data Complete will always report successful API Send Data Complete is enabled when bit 2 of the API Control Address OxC 1 byte is enabled The transceiver sends the OEM Host the data shown in Figure 1 upon receiving an RF acknowledge or exhausting all attempts FIGURE 1 SEND DATE COMPLETE PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request 0x82 Data Data Byte 2 Transmit RSSI Byte 3 Receive RSSI Byte 4 Success 0x00 Fail 0x01 Success 33 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module API OPERATION 34 wwwiairdtech com API RECEIVE PACKET By default
57. nse lt OxCC gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data Parameter Range lt Start gt EEPROM address to begin reading at lt Length gt Length of data to be read lt Data gt Requested data Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 29 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS EEPROM Byte Write Upon receiving this command a transceiver will write the data byte to the specified address but will not echo it back to the OEM Host until the EEPROM write cycle is complete Note The maximum length of data that can be written in a single write process is 0x50 If writing the entire 256 byte EEPROM it is convenient to perform 64 byte 0x40 writes Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC 1 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Last byte gt Parameter Range lt Start gt EEPROM address to begin writing at lt Length gt Length of data to be written Max 0x50 lt Data gt Data to be written l F Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 30 wwwiairdtech com OVERVIEW In FW versions 1 3 x and above it is possible to upgrade the active firmware running on the module via the serial interface The Windows OEM Configuration Utility v5 07 and above can perform this operation for modules with access to a PC but for embedded applications it may be necessary for the OEM to pr
58. nt RF Data Rates to provide options for range or throughput During each hop the LT2510 reserves a certain amount of time for overhead such as the synchronization beacon internal messaging and user data transmission The diagrams below outline the various transmissions that occur during a hop These transmissions are transparent to the user sending data but may be useful for applications that require critical timing User data is only transmitted during the data slots User data is only transmitter after the Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size criteria has been met Data transmission will only begin at the beginning of a data slot When configured for Full Duplex data slot 1 is reserved for the Server and data slot 2 is shared by all Clients for transmissions uooeeg RF Data Rate 500kbps s g 6Ez xen 101S 8ed p n s y sovg 6ez N Z 101S eyeq 2 r SS 1 1 19ms 4 89ms 4 89ms 2 22ms uooeeg RF Data Rate 280kbps sag 06 xen 1101S ea s g 06 xen z 01S ea p n s y 1 19ms 4 89ms 4 89ms 2 22ms 13 19ms Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module HARDWARE INTERFACE 7 www lairdtech com PIN DESCRIPTIONS RXD and TXD The LT2510 accepts 3 3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin Data is sent from the transceiver at 3 3V levels to the OEM Host via the TXD pin Pins should be left floating or high when not in use Lea
59. ogram the FW upgrade through a microcontroller Upgrade of the FW over the air is not supported on the LT2510 Because the FW Upgrade Utility won t affect the current EEPROM the FW field in the EEPROM will not be updated to reflect the current version running To see the current version use the Status Request command UPGRADING VIA WINDOWS OEM CONFIGURATION UTILITY Upgrading through the OEM Configuration Utility is a straight forward process The PC Settings tab has an option when the LT2510 is the selected product to perform a Radio Firmware Update This section of the OEM software can be used to upgrade the FW of the radio connected to Port 1 of the software To perform a firmware upgrade 1 Connect the Development Kit or other interface board with the LT2510 to the PC 2 Select the Find Ports button then select the appropriate Windows Comm Port from the drop down a Note if the appropriate port doesn t appear use the Add Ports button to add the port manually then repeat step 2 3 Set the correct settings for the radio in Port 1 By default this is 115 200 8 N 1 with Hardware Handshaking Enabled 4 Verify that the Port Status in Port 1 is Open 5 In the Radio Firmware Upgrade box select Write File to Flash 6 In the Open File Window that appears select the appropriate LT2510 FW binary 7 When the download is successful a Success window will appear 8 To have the radio begin using the new FW select the Enable New
60. only be set once OEMs should be aware that improperly setting the Vendor ID can cause communication issues Setting the Vendor ID to an unknown setting will effectively render the radio unable to communicate in a network The Vendor ID cannot be read once it is set RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI is available to the OEM through a number of means AT Commands such as Bin Analyzer and Report RSSI will report RSSI API Packets for Received and Send Data Complete will report RSSI and the PWM Output can be configured to provide a PWM output representing the RSSI By default all of these commands except PWM Output utilize and RSSI that is a hexadecimal 2 s compliment form Legacy RSSI detailed above can be enabled to provide the RSSI in a non 2 s compliment form from 0x00 very weak signal to OxFF very strong signal The control commands for PWM output utilize a Legacy RSSI format from 0x00 to OxFF The RSSI values reported can be converted to a decibel value with the following formulas For Non Legacy values where the RSSI in Hexadecimal ranges from 0x80 to Ox7F If this value is greater than or equal to 128 then RSSI_dBm RSSI_Dec 256 2 RSSI_Offset If this value is less than 128 then RSSI_dBm RSSI_Dec 2 RSSI_Offset Where For Legacy RSSI the equation is RSSI_Dbm RSSI_Dec 128 2 RSSI_Offset RSSI_Dec is the reported value converted from Hexadecimal to Decimal notation RSSI_Offset 82 Reported RSSI values
61. ot required for transceiver operation it is recommended to achieve optimum system performance and to avoid overrunning the LT2510 s serial buffers The LT2510 uses separate buffers for incoming and outgoing data RXD Data Buffer And CTS As data is sent from the OEM Host to the radio over the serial interface it is stored in the LT2510 s buffer until the radio is ready to transmit the data packet The radio waits to transmit the data until one of the following conditions occur whichever occurs first e The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A e An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 The data continues to be stored in the buffer until the radio receives an RF Acknowledgement ACK from the receiving radio addressed mode or all transmit retries broadcast attempts have been utilized Once an ACK has been received or all retries attempts have been exhausted the current data packet is removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer To prevent the radio s RXD buffer from being overrun it is strongly recommended that the OEM Host monitor the radio s CTS output When the number of bytes in the RXD buffer reaches the value specified by CTS_ON EEPROM address Ox5C Ox5D the radio de asserts High CTS to signal to the OEM Host to stop sending data over the serial interface CTS is re asserted after the number of bytes in the RXD buffer is reduced to the value specified by CTS
62. ow 0 C FW 1 1 4 e CRC issue present in 1 0 3 was corrected This correction makes a v1 0 3 radio incompatible over the air with any newer versions of the Firmware e Fixed Full Duplex Mode issue FW 1 1 6 e Changed Deep Sleep AT Command from CC 86 003 to CC 86 03 00 00 00 The new command is backwards compatible but the old command is no longer relevant FW1 2 5 e RF Data Rate EEPROM bytes 0x51 0x53 has been superseded by the RF Profile byte EEPROM 0x54 RF Profile is the preferred method to set he RF Data Rate and number of Hops e Reduced RX Buffer from 768 bytes to 512 bytes and increased the heap memory to 1800 bytes All serial and RF packets are now routed through he heap CTS_ON and CTS_Off only reflect the memory usage of the 512 byte RX buffer The RX buffer will never fill unless the heap becomes full e 9 bit mode released Fixed issue with baud rates lt 4800 e Fixed issue with temperatures below 0 C FW1 4 1 Serial firmware upgradeability feature was added Firmware versions prior to v1 4 do not support field upgradeability e Reset radio and restore factory defaults command OxCC OxFF OxDF was added This command will reload the factory default EEPROM command FW1 5 0 e Added profile 0x03 280kbps RF data rate 43 hops This profile is legal for both FCC and CE markets Profile 0x02 which also supports 280kbps and 43 hops is only permitted in FCC markets The two profiles are not over the air compatible wi
63. pacing The Mill Max 831 43 010 10 001000 is used on the LT2510 development kit as a mating connector Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 38 wwwiairdtech com FIGURE 7 MOISTURE CONTENT WARNING po AREAN s MOISTURE SENSITIVE DEVICES fa el es sl ul en el nt ie eine Mess ae Nea ln cece S 41 Shelf life in sealed bag 24 months at lt 40 C _ and lt 90 relative humidity 2 Peak package body temperature 245 C 3 After this bag is opened devices that will be subjected to reflow solder or another high tem perature process must be aj Mounted within 168 hours at t factory conditions of lt 30 C 60 RH Or b Stored at lt 10 RH 4 Devices require bake before mounting if a Humidity indicator card is gt 10 when read at 23 5 C Or b 3a or 3b is not met 5 If baking is required devices may be baked for _ 48 hrs at 125 5 C Note If device containers can not be subjected to high temperature or shorter bake times are desired reference IPCIJEDEC J J STD 033 for bake procedure Seek ewes eves Suet bese bweG been Seecemee ates a een a dete dat eden state daceaaG sae cides det atat eas cata aiat sean ceeaiaad Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module ORDERING INFORMATION 39 wwwiairdtech com PRODUCT PART NUMBERS TABLE 10 LT2510 PART NUMBERS 125mW 21 dBm LT2510 SMT with U FL connector
64. packet to the radio in the Destination field The remote radio will respond with RSSI information and this is then streamed to the OEM through the Serial UART Due to the random frequency hopping sequence of the radios it is not possible to associate a specific bin with a specific frequency though the OEM can use the Bin Analyzer response to identify any possible interferers and to provide a quantitative analysis of the total number of good versus bad bins The Bin Analyzer command will stream data results back for each hop until the command is turned off or the number of runs is met The Bin Analyzer command must be issued from Command Mode but it will continue to stream results back even after the OEM has exited Command Mode The Bin Analyzer packet is sent as part of the RF Packet Header and does not affect the throughput of data between two radios Change Channel The OEM Hosts issues this command to set a new RF Channel Number Change Server Client The OEM Hosts issues this command to set the module as a Server or a Client on the fly Set Broadcast Mode The Host issues this command to set the addressing mode in the radio If both If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Command lt OxCC gt lt Ox8F gt lt Control gt lt NumRuns gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x01 gt Bin Response Stream lt OxCC gt lt Bin g
65. ransceivers When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data When logic Low data packets from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be received Reception of RF Data can be disabled by enabling CMD Data RX Disable in the EEPROM In_Range The In Range pin will be driven low when a Client radio s frequency hopping is synchronized with that of a Server In Range will always be driven low on a server In Range will transition low in approximately 12ms on a Server For a Client the In Range will take an average of 500ms this time is dependant the signal strength of the received beacon the presence and strength of interference and randomness of the sync function It can vary from 150ms to over 1500ms GO_0 Hop_Frame The Hop Frame indicator functionality is disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1 Bit 6 EEPROM Setting When enabled this pin will transition logic Low at the start of a hop and transition logic High at the completion of a hop The OEM Host is not required to monitor Hop Frame RTS Handshaking With RTS mode disabled the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS enabled the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High Once RTS is re asserted Low
66. rts are used for PWM Output according to the following table afla 6 en i a el ee 0x00 OxFF Specifies destination for RF packets Only the last four OxFF LSBs are used for RF Communication KA o a 0x00 0x01 Similar to network password Radios must have the OxFF same system ID to communicate with each other 6 Factory set unique MAC Address of radio Only the last four LSBs are used for RF Communication 16 Factory set part number for the unit Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED a ee ee API Control OxC1 0x01 0x00 Settings are OxFF bit 7 Broadcast Mode 0 Disable Enable bit 6 Reserved bit 5 Reserved bit 4 Reserved bit 3 Unicast Only 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 2 Send Data Complete API 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 1 Transmit API 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 0 Receive API 0 Disable 1 Enable Random Oxc3 1 0x00 0x00 The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol Backoft OxFE with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver will choose a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next
67. t lt RSSI_1 gt a RSS Parameter Range 0x00 Turn Bin Analyzer Off 0x01 Turn Bin Analyzer On lt Control gt lt NumRuns gt Ox00 Continuous 0x01 OxFF Number of runs bins lt Bin gt Bin from 0 79 or 0 53 depending on the RF Data Rate lt RSSI_1 gt RSSI the remote radio heard the local radio s bin request lt RSSI_2 gt RSSI the local radio heard the remote radio s response Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Channel gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt 0xCC gt lt Channel gt Parameter Range lt Channel gt 0x00 0x4E RF Channel to use Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x03 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 300 Response lt OxCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status Parameter Range lt Data gt 0x02 Server 0x03 Client lt Firmware gt Radio Firmware version lt Status gt 0x02 Server 0x03 Clients In Range 0x01 Client not In Range Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x08 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt Data gt gt Parameter Range lt Data gt 0x00 Disable Broadcast Mode 0x01 Enable Broadcast Mode Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS THE LT2510 Read IRAM Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x0A gt lt Location This command is used to view the IRAM contents Number of Bytes Returned 2 The IRAM contains
68. t Command Mode Prior to sending this command the OEM Host must ensure that the transceiver s RF transmit buffer is empty This can be accomplished by waiting up to one second between the last packet and the AT command If the buffer is not empty the radio will interpret the command as data and it will be sent over the RF Exit At Command Mode The OEM Host should send this command to exit AT Command mode and resume normal operation Enter Deep Sleep The OEM Host issues this command to put the module into a Deep Sleep state to minimize current draw In this state a Server will not send out a beacon a Client will not remain In Range and no commands sent over the Serial UART will be processed To awake from Deep Sleep the OEM must toggle the Up_Reset pin This command changed syntax in version 1 1 6 from CC 86 03 to CC 86 03 00 00 00 The new command is backwards compatible but the old command is no longer valid Reset The OEM Host issues this command to perform a soft reset of the transceiver Any transceiver settings modified by CC commands will revert to the values stored in the EEPROM Status Version Request The OEM Host issues this command to request the firmware and link status of the transceiver Read Temperature The OEM Host issues this command to read the onboard temperature sensor Note The temperature sensor is uncalibrated and has a tolerance of 3 C For calibration instructions contact Laird Technology s te
69. th Auto Channel will only synchronize with a server operating in the same channel set and having a matching system ID Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 14 wwwiairdtech com Auto System ID When enabled this will allow a client to attach to any server on the same RF channel regardless of the system ID on the server or the client Auto Destination To simplify EEPROM programming Auto Destination can be enabled in the radio which allows the radio to automatically set its destination to the address of the radio it last received a successful transmission from beacon or data packet Broadcast In Broadcast mode the transceiver will transmit the packet to all transceivers with the same channel number and system ID settings There is no RF acknowledgement sent from the recipient s back to the transmitter therefore the packet is sent out the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts Unicast Only To prohibit transceivers from receiving broadcast packets Unicast Only can be enabled Unicast Only restricts the transceiver to only receive addressed packets Nine Bit Mode With Nine Bit mode disabled the transceiver communicates over the asynchronous serial interface in 8 N 1 format 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit Some systems require a parity or 9th data bit Enabling Nine Bit Mode causes the transceiver to communicate using 8 data bits 1 parity bit and 1 stop bit In this mode the trans
70. th each other FW1 6 e Prior to this release Auto Config could only correctly set Interface Timeout if a standard baud rate was used Selecting non standard baud rates required Auto Config to be disabled and Interface Timeout to be set by the user This version and forward Interface Timeout can set by the radio regardless of baud rate selection provided Auto Config is disabled e Added RS 485 Driver Enable control pin e Added RSSI functionality to the PWM output pin e Added Vendor ID e Prior to this release pin 13 GI_0 was configured as an output It is now an input e Added 485 DE RE to Auto Config If Auto Config is disabled 485 DE RE Delay must be set manually global local A Americas 1 800 492 2320 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Asia 852 2268 6567 wirelessinfo lairdtech com www lairdtech com wireless 44
71. the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are Response lt OxCC gt lt Value gt available for reading and writing to provide on the fly Parameter Range instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed lt Location gt Dependant of parameter via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and lt Value gt Ox00 OxFF will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size Ox5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS_On_L Ox5D CTS_Off_H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Destination MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC Address 0 0x75 System ID 0x76 Write IRAM This command is used to change the IRAM contents Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x0B gt lt Location gt lt Value The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of Number of Bytes Returned 3 the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly Response lt OxCC gt lt Location gt lt Value gt instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed Parameter Range via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and lt Location gt Dependant of parameter will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM
72. tion please refer to the command descriptions immediately following the Quick Reference Table Utility Commands Utility Commands are used to enter and exit AT Command Mode and to reset the radio On The Fly Control Commands The LT2510 transceiver contains memory that holds many of the parameters that control the transceiver operation Using the On the Fly command set allows many of these parameters to be viewed and changed during system operation Because the memory these commands affect is dynamic when the transceiver is reset these parameters will revert back to the settings stored in the EEPROM Status Commands Status Commands are used to poll the radio for information Status commands can be used to poll GPIOs ADCs or to retrieve information about the state of the network Status commands do not affect the operation of the transceiver aside from being in Command Mode EEPROM Configuration Commands Two Commands are available to read and write the EEPROM of the radio These commands are very powerful as they can control the entire configuration of the radio They should be used with caution as overwriting reserved areas of memory can adversely affect the operation of the radio The radio must be reset for any changes to the EEPROM to take affect Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 22 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND QUICK REFERENCE Table 8 provides an at a glance view of all available AT commands T
73. tions Version 1 1 4 5 11 17 09 LT2510 User Manual Updates and Additions Version 1 1 4 6 12 14 09 LT2510 User Manual Updates and Additions Version 1 1 4 7 02 15 10 LT2510 User Manual Updates and Additions www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module TABLE OF CONTENTS www lairdtech com CONTENTS 112510 Transceiver Module 2 LT2510 Key Features wcciccecsingeecce 2 OVEVIEW peiiaos 2 Specifications snesen 3 Detailed Specifications 0 0 3 Pin Definitions s s s 4 Block DiaQram n sessineseaeian snaran 5 Timing Specifications cccccceeeeteees 6 Hop Frame esini eieiei 6 Hardware Interface nsss 7 PIN IDESCHIPTIONS srsicsscsieorenoia 7 Theory Of Operation ccceee 8 Server Client Architecture us 8 Adjustable RF Data Rate eeee 8 Modes Of Operation u s 9 Serial Interface Baud Rate 0 0 10 Interface Timeout RF Packet Size 11 Flow Control aeeie risani 11 Radio Configuration cccccceeceeee 12 EEPROM Parameters 0 16 Configuring The LT2510 0 21 AV COmMANGSs 1 5 cesses eee ce 21 Command Quick Reference 22 Command Descriptions 0eee 23 Special Firmware Upgrades 30 OVOIVICW A tae Se ee tee E aaa 30 Upgrading via Windows OEM Configuration Utility 30 Upgrading FW Commands 31 Command Descriptions 0 ceee 31 Process to Manually Upgrade 32
74. ver the serial interface and vice versa In transparent mode the radio needs to be programmed with the MAC Address of the desired recipient The destination address can be programmed permanently or on the fly When Transparent Mode is used data is stored in the RX buffer until one of the following occurs e The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A e An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 Any parameters can be configured by entering Command Mode using either AT commands or by toggling the Command Data pin on the transceiver Transparent Mode is the default radio operation mode API Modes API Mode is an alternative to the default Transparent operation of the LT2510 and provides dynamic packet routing and packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API Mode utilizes specific frame based packet formats specifying various vital parameters used to control radio settings and packet routing on a packet by packet basis The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s application specific needs API Mode provides an alternative method of configuring modules and message routing at the OEM Host level without requiring the use of Command Mode The LT2510 has three API functions e Transmit API e Receive API e API Send Data Complete For additional details and examples please refer to the API section on page 21 Command Mode Command Mode is used to
75. ving the RXD tied low will result in the radio transmitting garbage serial data across the RF Force 9600 Force 9600 When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to 9600 8 N 1 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit regardless of actual EEPROM setting The interface timeout is also set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF Data Rate To exit the transceiver must be reset or power cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected When enabled in the EEPROM 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up command boot OxCC OxFF and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for all boot conditions 9600 Boot Option is enabled by default Note Because this pin disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation pP_RESET uP_Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the LT2510 microprocessor and is used to force a hard reset For a valid reset reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns Command Data When logic High the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other t

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