Habgen User Manual
Contents
1. The selection tool lets you select rows in the table based on values of variables in the row This can be indispensable when there are many polygons The delete button in the selection tool will delete all selected rows so be careful If you make a mistake use undo in Habgen User Manual 6 E Regime Class Table File Edit Tools Regime Period1 Period2 Period3 0 15 n1 10 1 9 Row Row Col Col Save Figure 1 Example of a Habgen table the edit menu Each select application of the selection tool is cumulative In effect this lets you implement complex AND OR type selections The buttons at the bottom of the table allow you to add and remove rows and columns to the table The save button saves the table Note that this lower tool bar can be torn away from the table but it may be a bad idea to do so The torn away toolbar is no longer confined to stay within the same space as its table and can become hidden behind the Habgen window Clicking on the arrows in the upper right corner of a Table will either maximize or minimize it Try experimenting to figure this out Table columns can be dragged to new positions if you like but this effect is only visual and doesn t change the data Move between tables by clicking on the tabs Figure 2 at the top of Habgen The tables and tools that appear under a particular tab are confined to that space which should limit the confusion ass2. You can add models too This option will be discussed later in more detail A growth model can be applied to a polygon after it has been assigned some regimes by following these steps 1 On the Poly Regime Table first select from the Flow drop down menu which Flow table you want output data written to ie Flow 1 Flow 2 etc This feature is useful for creating multiple flow components e g perhaps you are interested in track ing constraining the flow of basal area timber volume and stem density simultaneously or you may want to simultaneously track constrain the flow of different wood products such as sawtimber chip n saw and pulpwood 2 Open the modelTool window by pressing the button at the bottom of the Poly Regime Table 3 Select a model for each period from the modelTool Habgen User Manual 13 4 Press the Setup button on the modelTool to control some of the model settings 5 Press the InitFlow button on the Model Selection Tool to initialize the Flow table that you have selected basically this just creates a placeholder in the Flow table for every polygon regime combination 6 Select the rows from the Poly Regime Table that the models should apply to 7 Press the Apply button to run the models for the selected rows Output data will be stored in the Flow table that you selected This is sounding complicated so let s step through the process Figure 7 shows the modelTool with models LobEve
3. same age dominant height and number of trees per acre unthinned counterpart Growth response due to thinning therefore can be expressed in terms of a projected competition index causing the projected basal area of the thinned stand to approach that of the un thinned counterpart This approach was further developed by L V Pienaar 1979 An approximation of basal area growth after thinning based on growth in unthinned plantations Forest Science 25 2 223 232 Finally the Info button on the Setup window will pop up some written information about the selected model Habgen User Manual 16 gt Setup PMRC UCP for Periodi Residual Planting Fertilize Nitrogen 500 300 5 v Threshold Herbicide Bedding Top Diameter 2 DEH Range 45 100 S Info Copy Plant Fertilize Product S Figure 8 Setup form for PMRC model using herbicide bedding fertilizer and product class options 8 Habgen Flow Component Options Habgen can make the following types of flow component 1 A normal flow component that gives the year and output for each period of the regime 2 A habitat flow component that gives an output for each year of the planning period This type of flow usually produces non zero output only if the amount of residual vegetation exceeds some threshold The idea is that there must be enough residual vegetation for the stand to qualify as habitat 3 An ending a
4. CC 11 Soe kee 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000386 CC 12 55 1177 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000386 CC 13 55 1177 310000386 CC 14 59 1177 101 417 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000386 CC 15 Doda hie 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000101 310000101 CC 1 70 6349 58 9983 283 28 18 310000101 CC 2 70 6349 58 9983 283 28 18 18 310000101 DN CC 3 70 6349 70 6349 58 9983 58 9983 283 28 18 70 Pine 283 28 Pine 310000101 Cc 4 70 6349 58 9983 283 28 Pine 310000101 CC 5 70 6349 58 9983 2 AAG Pine Pine f 283 28 Pine S Row Row cor cor Sue ModelTool Fow sv MergeAdd MergeNew Figure 6 Polygon regime table Habgen gives names to individual regimes after expanding the regime classes by ap pending the action years to the regime class name Thus the name CC 10 describes the regime that clearcuts at year 10 Likewise T 10 30 means thin at years 10 and 30 These regime names will end up in the Habplan input data so you need to be able to interpret their meaning 7 Growth Models Habgen contains models that will grow the polygons to produce the future output that should result if a particular management regime is followed In theory there is no limit to the number of stand level growth models that Habgen can contain Currently H
5. Flow outputs are summed for each polygon regime combination i e Flow 1 Flow 2 Flow 3 If for some reason you wanted to put more weight on the Flow 3 outputs you could for example give Flow 1 and 2 a value of 1 and Flow 3 a value of 2 i e twice as much weight as Flows 1 amp 2 As long as you set the interest rate to 0 the NPV function becomes a simple summing function Figure 17 The Biological Output Table can now be written to a file commonly named Bio2 data and read by Habplan use the Table s File menu Remember that allowed regimes in Habplan are determined by finding the intersection of a polygon s allowed regimes for each Flow and Biological Type II component The default Biological Output Table will have all regimes found in the Flow Output Table However you can delete Biological Output rows if you want to eliminate some regimes from consideration for particular polygons Habgen User Manual 25 Flow 1 Value Flow 2 Value O LEY 0 A Calculate Cost Figure 16 NPV Setup Form for ranking regimes according to output volume Flow 1 Value Flow 2 Value Flow 3 Value 0 NPY Interest Rate Calculate Figure 17 NPV Setup Form for summing output volumes with twice as much weight on Flow 3 11 Block output table This section of Habgen allows you to create the neighbor input data required for a Habplan Block Component Yo
6. but the clearcut must still occur at least 9 years after the thinning Some valid FTC regimes include FTC 0 1 0 FTC 1 41 40 FTC 2 1 0 FTC 0 1 10 and FTC 10 6 15 In fact this generates 341 valid regime combinations 5 There is no limit to the number of action periods you could use with Habgen but the number of regimes per polygon will grow exponentially so it is wise to be conservative The Regime Class Table provides a simple way to specify your management regimes You can specifiy ranges of years and an increment or simply give individual years separated by a space or a comma For example 1 5 or 1 5 1 or 1 2 3 4 5 or 1 2 3 4 5 all specify the same 5 years Year 1 is the first year of the planning horizon and year 5 is the fifth year of the planning horizon Note that the planning horizon is determined by the regime classes you create If the last period of a regime class ends at year 30 then the planning horizon is 30 years It also is important to have actions occuring in every year of the planning horizon even flow can t be attained unless there is output from every year 5 Polygon Data Table This is where you enter the data to describe your polygons There must be a column called Polygon and another column called Size that contain the polygon ID and size acres or hectares respectively The other columns contain the data that the growth models discussed below need You can inclu
7. names it will ask you what they are called So to avoid this additional request for input you might want to name those 2 columns in the Poly Data Table as follows Polygon and Size Habgen User Manual 27 Nabe Tool FindFile lex500 53 1Stands shp Select Neighbor Finding Method 0 23 30 O Buffer 0 a Adjacent Apply ReadPolys Cancel Figure 19 Example of nabe tool There are 2 basic neighbor finding methods available in the NabeTool 1 The default selection is Adjacent which chooses neighbors that are immediately adjacent to the target polygon The Adjacent method also includes the option of specifying a proportion of shared boundary The default proportion is 0 so polygons that touch at even a single point are neighbors If the proportion is increased then the shared boundary must be at least as great as the specified proportion The shared proportion computation is based on the sum of the perimeters of the 2 polygons being considered Move the slider to select the desired limiting proportion Note that placing the mouse pointer over the slider will cause the current slider setting to be displayed 2 The Buffer option will allow you find neighbors based on a specified buffer width This means that any polygon within the buffer distance becomes a neighbor Just fill in the TextField next to the Buffer button to specify the buffer width Using buffer width 0 gives
8. tepme table a 8 a a AA A eee a oe 11 Model selection tool and setup forms 13 Setup form for PMRC model using herbicide bedding fertilizer and product elass ODHODE e ra pace pa eRe He le SG ia e GE He ee Ai er H 16 Model Selection Tool and Setup forms o 18 Model Selection Tool for CLASS o s se s ce sea da ama EE a RE a 19 Example of a Flow output table o lt e a ea se aranea eR ER RH A 20 Decay FlowTool e A A e oma ae i ra AAA 21 Add WTO ces Gk daw bahi aa dei A e e E E A 21 Copy FlowTool es sas eS ee deo OREO e AR e AE e 22 Bio Output table and NPV Setup Form o o 23 NPV Setup Form for ranking regimes according to output volume 25 NPV Setup Form for summing output volumes with twice as much weight on TPM he ae a eG eG a a eG ee A Bes 25 Example of block output table 2 264 eS wa eo eR ee 26 Habgen User Manual 19 Example of nabe tool Habgen User Manual 4 1 Introduction Habgen is a regime generator for Habplan Habgen produces input data so that Habplan can develop a management schedule for an area of land that is divided into polygons Typically this land area might be 100 000 acres consisting of 5000 polygons Habplan develops a schedule by selecting a single management regime for each polygon in such a way that the user s objectives are met in a near optimal fashion Habplan requires the user to input for each polygon a list of acceptable management regimes
9. the same result as the Adjacent option with shared boundary proportion 0 The neighbor finding algorithm is reasonably efficient but it may still take several min utes to finish when thousands of polygons are involved At the end the Block Output Table contains the data that Habplan needs for a blocksize objective function component Save this data by selecting WriteData from the File menu on the Block Table Habgen User Manual 28 12 Handling Large Problems Habgen creates a number of tables that can have many rows for large problems Suppose you have 5000 polygons with 100 regimes per polygon Then there will be 500 000 rows in the following tables Polygon Regime Table Flow Output Table and the Biological Output Table All this is held in memory so you could find your computer chugging away for a long time when you start or exit Habgen because its either reading all this data or trying to save it Consider the following tips 1 Its important to start Habgen so it has access to plenty of memory like this java mx256m Habgenl This gives Habgen access to 256 MB of RAM if it needs it Java by default limits each program to 16MB of RAM 2 After creating a table save it using the tables file menu and the writedata option This allows you to save the table in a tab delimited ascii file Then if anything goes wrong you can start Habgen and read this file using File readdata 3 When you exit Habgen using the Fil
10. Habgen User Manual NCASI Statistics and Model Development Group Version 2 November 15 2005 Abstract Habgen is a regime generator written in Java for Habplan Habgen produces input data so that Habplan can develop a management schedule for an area of land that is divided into polygons Typically this land area might be 100 000 acres consisting of 5000 polygons Habgen is set up as a series of tables that the user must operate on in a more or less sequential fashion This setup is intended to provide a systematic approach to generating input data for Habplan Flow components Biological type II components and Block components NCASI http ncasi uml edu Habgen User Manual Contents 1 Introduction 2 Installation 3 Generic Comments about Habgen Functionality 4 Regime Class Table 5 Polygon Data Table 6 Polygon Regime Table 7 Growth Models 8 Habgen Flow Component Options 9 Flow Output Table 10 Biological Output Table 11 Block output table 12 Handling Large Problems 13 How to Add Models 14 Future Directions 10 11 16 19 22 25 28 28 29 Habgen User Manual 2 List of Figures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 kd 18 Example of a Habgen table 2 44 04 dR 5 2686 Pee RE REE Re A 6 Habgen EII 6 Example of a regime class table T Example of a polygon data table 9 Row selection tool s c sus s a coate eee AA RA E 9 Polygon
11. abgen Habgen User Manual 12 includes the following models 1 Even aged Natural Loblolly Pine Brender E V and Clutter J L 1970 GA Forest Research Council Rep No 23 This model needs inital Age Site Index Base Age 50 and Initial Basal Area The model will predict cubic foot volume or basal area Habgen will find these variables automatically if you label the columns as Site Age andBA This is case sensitive 2 Old Field Loblolly Plantations Burkhart HE Parker RC Strub MR Oderwald RG 1972 Virginia Tech Publication FWS 3 72 This model needs either Site Index Base Age 25 or average Height of Dominants It also needs Number of Trees Per Acre 1 inch DBH class and above Call these variables Site H and N so that Habgen can find them automatically 3 NEW PMRC 1996 models These models were developed at the University of Georgia for a region that covers the Carolinas Georgia Florida and Alabama There is one version for the Upper Coastal Plain and another for the Lower Coastal Plain These models require Site Index Base Age 25 number of trees and age for each stand Dominant height and basal area are required by the model but can be predicted if they aren t available Call these variables Site N Age H and BA so Habgen will find them automatically The outputs that can be obtained from these models include TVOB TVIB GWOB DWIB N and BA Other models can and will be added But we have to start somewhere
12. abgen It s not that easy to add a model from scratch but you could modify one of the pre existing existing models quite easily Step 1 is to look at the javadoc output for other models YieldModell java and Yield Model2 java are the Brender and Clutter and Burkhart et al models The PMRC models are in PmrcLCP java and PmrcUCP java You will need to create a class similar to these for the model you wish to add Your class must extend Abstract YieldModel and implement each of its methods The most important method is grow which grows all of the required variables according to your model You can add new methods to do things internally for your model but you must extend Abstract YieldModel and implement the methods that it contains All of the growth model related classes are part of the growthmodel package within Habgen You can compile your new growthmodel class which you might name BestModel java from the Habgen1 directory as follows javac growthmodel BestModel java Don t try to compile from the growthmodel directory or java gets confused about where to find the growthmodel package You ll need the complete java software development kit installed to do this but you probably have that if you are running Habgen You ll also need a text or program editor Now you have to let Habgen know about your new model You can add BestModel to Habgen by editing the buildModels method in ModelConfigurator java Then compile this as follo
13. act like a regime with a management action in yearl Therefore yearl for a do Nothing is controlled by the Period1 Setup Form and the other years are controlled by the Habitat period Setup Form This causes a do Nothing regime to be able to produce output for each of the planning horizon years This makes sense in Habitat mode because Habgen User Manual 18 Model Selection Tool toen TO E zen perioa2 none ir Satu pavat Lowman fr sew InitFlow Size 1 Scale Hab Class Norm SS Setup Lob Plant for Period1 Setup Lob Plant for Period3 ModelVar Yourvar Residual Planting Copy Plant Fertilize Product Figure 9 Model Selection Tool and Setup forms doing nothing may allow Habitat to remain on the polygon for use by wildlife One might say that you re getting something for nothing See the Habgen example for more detail on this THE CLASS RADIO BUTTON lets you create a flow component to control the end of planning period age class or time to last entry distribution Figure 10 shows what the Model Selection Tool looks like if you select the CLASS radio button Now you need to specify a planting Lag a Max class value and whether Age at last entry is added to the time since last entry The Lag value allows for a planting lag often planting won t occur until a year or 2 after a clearcut The Max value causes all classes that Habgen User Manual 19 gt Model Sel
14. at you see if both Habitat and Plant are selected Notice that the Model Selection Tool has Habitat selected which created a third Habi tat period Assuming this is a clearcut regime with only one actual management year the Period1 form applies to the management year and the Habitat Setup Form Period3 applies to all other years Period1 is setup to do a complete clearcut followed by a planting The planting will result in 1000 Trees per acre 5 years after the cutting so if its cut in year 1 then the planting begins to count at year 6 with N 1000 and Site having improved by 8 due to improved stock The output is set to size and the Threshold is set to cubic volume CV 1000 Since there will be no residual after a clearcut there will be no output in the year of clearcutting i e none of this type of habitat at that particular polygon The Period3 form applies to all the other years period 3 is the habitat period in this case It says to leave a residual of N 2000 in other words you can t cut at all It says to output the size of the polygon if CV is greater than or equal to 1000 The combination of the Period and Period3 Habitat setups result in a polygon contributing to habitat before a clearcut and sometime beyond 5 years after a clearcut when the planting has regrown See the Habgen example for more detail on this Do Nothing Regimes are also impacted when Habitat is checked This causes a do Nothing to
15. ble s Each Flow table could for example represent a different product e g sawtimber pulpwood and chip n saw Optionally you can write out the data in the Poly Regime table and run it through an external growth model to produce flow data This Flow data is the input data that Habplan requires It will be a while before Habgen includes growth models for all major species and regions which is the long term goal Meanwhile Habgen provides a means to become familiar with how Habplan input data is generated even if you aren t willing to use the models it currently includes The Bio Output table allows the user to rank the regimes to indicate those regimes that are more desirable to Habplan This ranking can be done in a few different ways One option would be to rank regimes based on the total harvested timber volume associated with each regime Another option would be to rank regimes based on Net Present Value NPV associated with each regime The Bio Output table creates and stores this regime Habgen User Manual 5 ranking data The Block table has functionality for creating a neighbor file from an ArcView TM Shapefile This provides the neighborhood input data that Habplan requires for the Block Component and the Spatial Model Component 2 Installation Habgen is written in Java so there must be a Java Virtual Machine Compiler installed on your computer in order to run it The Habgen di
16. de variables that help you select a model like the Type variable below this might help to assign Loblolly models to Loblolly data and Bottom Land Hardwood models to Bottom Land Hardwood data This data can be read from a rectangular file that is space comma or tab delimited Habgen User Manual Z Poly Data Table File Edit Tools EE e e 310011184 3 6401 46 Road 310000386 55 1177 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000101 70 6349 58 9983 28328 18 7o Pine 310000073 24 0037 101279 354 861 40 58 Pine 100000576 425 78 1563 ES E PE 74 Pine 4 lo fomer 310000068 a 6873 40 9805 491 37 10 54 Pine oo o ther 310010931 1 3163 725393 Ems HE Pimeo Eioorazzojozaso To Oa Road a 3 10000382 32 6843 73 6838 591473 9 Sg Ett EE 3 e a 3175 46 Road Eeer 0 b e b e Inn dark ERT First 0 Last 0 Numeric COLUMN GE Polygon Size sp PLU Zz IT Age Site TypePine Pine JOS NNNNA A Figure 5 Row selection tool Habgen User Manual 10 The Polygon ID can be just about anything use whatever is in your database The Size variable is needed to expand the per acre model predictions to per polygon values Habplan doesn t want per acre values in the flow data When it s time to select rows from this table Figure 4 get the selection tool from the tools menu It will look something like the example in Figure 5 Every Column in the table has a row in the Selection Tool Hab
17. e Exit option Habgen saves all Tables and other settings to the file Habgen1 hbg habgenSettings hbg When Habgen starts it reads this file to restore all settings and tables from the previous run If this file gets corrupted then Habgen won t start properly The best solution if this occurs is to delete the habgenSettings hbg file Then start Habgen and read in the ascii versions of the tables that you saved according to item 2 above You can restore original column names using the column names tool 4 With large problems it will take some time for Habgen to exit and to start because its writing or reading lots of data You can speed this up by clearing large tables before you exit Save the table using File writedata first so you can recover it later Clear a table by selecting all rows then hit the delete button on the selection tool 13 How to Add Models The source code for the models is included in the Habgen growthmodels directory All files that are required for changing models are found in this directory This allows you to look at the code to determine how the model works and if it does what you think it should You can also create your own models by extending the Abstract YieldModel class if you want to do Habgen User Manual 29 some Java programming If you do add models please send them to ncasi so that others can use them too The rest of this section attempts to give a programmer enough information to add a model to H
18. ection Tool Period Lag 5 Max 20 lv Age Apply InitFlow Size 1 Scale Hab Class Norm Figure 10 Model Selection Tool for CLASS are greater than or equal to Max to be thrown into the Max bin For example if Max 20 then age class 100 is set to 20 as are any ages greater than 20 If Age is not checked then the classes are the time since last entry If Age is checked then the classes are the time since last entry plus the age at last entry See example3 or example 4 for an application of these different flow types 9 Flow Output Table The Flow Table Figure 11 will contain the information that Habplan needs for a Flow Component Whenever a growth model is applied to some rows in the Poly Regime Table the output is added to the Flow Table Since several models may be used the Flow Table is built in a series of steps Use the InitFlow button on the Model Selection Tool to create a new Flow Table with no outputs Be sure that a model is eventually applied to all rows in the Poly Regime Table so that all rows in the Flow Table are completed Apply any arbitrary model when not in Habitat mode to DoNothing regimes so they are properly carried over to the Flow Table The DoNothing years and outputs are always 0 except in Habitat mode but they need to be generated by applying some model After the Flow Output Table is complete select the writeData option under the File
19. from which to select A regime consists of a string of years where management actions occur and an output for each year For example polygon DUT could have a regime called TC 10 20 that thins the polygon producing 50000 cubic feet of wood in year 10 and then clearcuts in year 20 producing another 100000 cubic feet This would be input to a Habplan flow component as P1 TC 10 20 10 20 50000 100000 Habgen separates action periods in a regime with a so there is a for each period in the regime For example a 2 period regime has 2 years where actions occur Each polygon can have many regimes to select from say 100 If there are 5000 polygons you need to generate a very large input file for Habplan e g with 500 000 rows Habgen is designed to make this task easy Habgen is set up as a series of tables that the user must operate on in a more or less sequential fashion A section is dedicated below to describing each of the Habgen tables This setup is intended to provide a systematic approach to generating input data for Habplan Flow components Biological type II components and Block components Regimes are specified in the Regime Class table and polygon data are input with the Poly Data table The Poly Regime table is used to merge the regime and polygon data Growth and yield models are then selected to produce output from the Poly Regime table Output data from the growth models are stored in the Flow ta
20. ge class flow component that allows you to control the age class distribution at the end of the planning period to assure long term sustainability A variation on this is to control the distribution of last entry times Ending age class distribution Habgen User Manual 17 makes sense when clearcutting is the principal management technique Distribution of last entry times might be useful when thinning is the management technique This component is made possible by using the following trick the x axis on the flow graph shows the age class and the y axis shows acres For all other flow components the x axis is the planning period year Select one of the radioButtons on the Model Selection Tool shown above to control the kind of Flow Component Typically the Norm button is selected to get the so called normal flow component THE HABITAT RADIO BUTTON CAUSES MANY THINGS TO HAPPEN DIFFER ENTLY In particular it adds an additional Habitat period and causes there to be output for every year of the planning horizon not just management action years This is useful for creating habitat Flow components see the Habgen example By selecting the habitat button setting output to Size and setting a Threshold variable you can create a flow com ponent that controls the number of acres of habitat according to your specifications The Plant button on the Setup Forms Figure 9 allows you to simulate a planting immediately after a clearcut Here s wh
21. gen assumes a variable is numeric unless you uncheck the checkBox For example to select all Pine polygons from the above table enter Pine in the GE and LE column which will select rows where the Type variable is exactly equal to Pine Not putting Pine in the LE column would select rows that are GE Pine but Type is alphanumeric so SweetGum would be GE Pine That would probably not be the desired result 6 Polygon Regime Table This is where you begin to reap the reward of your previous efforts to fill in the Poly Data and Regime Class Tables Notice that the Polygon Regime Table Figure 6 will have all the columns from the Poly Data Table plus a Regime column and a Model column It also has some new buttons to push in the bottom toolBar At this point you ll find yourself jumping between the first 3 tables on a regular basis which might seem confusing at first In order to associate polygons with regimes take the following steps 1 select 1 or more regime classes from the Regime Class Table 2 Select 1 or more polygons from the Poly Data Table and 3 Push one of the merge buttons on the Poly Regime Table This will generate individual regimes by expanding the selected regime classes and applying them to the selected polygons Use the MergeNew button to clear the Poly Regime Table and startover Use the MergeAdd button to add to the Poly Regime Table You have to decide what re
22. gime classes should be allowed for each polygon If you don t want a particular polygon to ever be clearcut then don t assign it a clearcut CC regime class If you don t want anything done to a polygon because it contains an endangered species then assign only a do nothing DN class If you are doing uneven aged management then assign only thinning T or do nothing regimes Remember that do nothings are a good thing because they allow Habplan greater flexibility as it is searching for solutions Also with a short planning horizon it may be unrealistic to expect all polygons to have management actions Habgen User Manual 11 Poly Regime Table File Edit Tools Polygon Regime Size BA Age Site Type 310011184 RD 5 6401 0 46 0 Road a 310000386 DN 55 1177 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine B 310000386 CC 1 55 1177 101 417 310000386 CC 2 59 1127 101 417 641 171 23 63 641 171 63 310000386 CC 3 DOLLZ 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine Pine Pine TI 310000386 CC 4 55 1177 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 3100003 86 CC 5 ee LLL 101 417 641 171 23 163 Pine 31000038 CC 6 55 1177 101 417 641 171 163 Pine 310000386 310000386 CC t8 55 1177 101417 641 171 23 63 310000386 CC CC 9 SS LLZ 55 1177 101 417 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000386 CC 10 55 1177 101 417 641 171 23 63 Pine 310000386
23. gimes In this case the RD and BP classes are do nothings that get assigned to roads and Borrow Pits but they re still do nothings E Regime Class Table 93222 Row Row Col Col Save Figure 3 Example of a regime class table 2 A clear cut regime CC with an action occurring in only 1 period The action clearcut ting will occur in one of the these years 1 2 3 15 This was succinctly specified by giving a year range of 1 15 3 A thinning regime T that allows for actions in 2 periods These actions thinning can occur in any of 15 years for period 1 crossed with 15 years for period 2 A regime period can also specify an increment and a lag until the second period action year Habgen User Manual 8 In this case the increment is 1 and the lag is 9 Therefore a second thinning cannot occur until 9 non action years have passed Some valid T regimes from the above specification include T 1 0 T 1 10 T 2 11 T 2 12 T 15 0 Notice that the second action period starts in year 0 which creates regimes such as T 1 0 through T 15 0 This tells Habgen that there is no second action thinning for these regimes 4 A fertilize thin and clearcut regime FTC where there can be 3 actions Action period 2 begins with an n which says this action is non sequential relative to the previous period This means that the thinning could occur before the fertilization
24. menu to output the data in the format that Habplan wants When prompted choose to Habgen User Manual 20 s Flow 1 Table File Edit Tools Polygon Regime Year1 Year2 Output1 Output2 310000111 T 2 14 14 150311 45 36077 81 lt 310000111 T 3 14 14 153613 47 32804 35 310000111 T 4 14 14 1156859 23 29582 016 310000111 T 1 415 15 146951 95 42265 45 150311 45 38932 37 153613 47 35650 58 156859 23 32419 354 160049 8 0 0 187073 22 t 202811 48 217898 38 310000113 0C44 232458 11 310000113 CC 5 246618 28 310000113 CCH6 260503 02 310000113 CC 7 274229 9 310000113 CC4 287908 2 2 3 4 pl 2 3 J4 5 o 1 2 3 4 5 6 ES 8 Col Save Figure 11 Example of a Flow output table NOT Put column names in row 1 At this point you have an input datafile for a Habplan Flow component You can do further editing of the flow Table after it is complete However if you delete some rows and try to apply more models at the Poly Regime Table Habgen will become angry when it sees that the N of Rows has been altered It will insist on reinitializing the Flow Table and you d have to start over Notice the Decay Add and Copy buttons on the bottom of the Flow table Figure 11 The Decay feature allows you to apply a decay function to existing Flow data This is particularl
25. n and LobPlant selected for periods 1 and 2 respectively You might do this if natural stands were to be clearcut in period 1 replanted and then the resulting plantations would be cut in period 2 The Setup buttons were pushed to open the 2 Setup windows Model Selection Tool Period Model Period1 z Setup Period2 Lob Plant jy sep Apply InitFlow Size 1 Scale Hab Class Norm hresholdVar Info Plant Fertilize Product Figure 7 Model selection tool and setup forms The Size 1 checkbox Model Selection Tool will cause the output to be per acre whereas the default is the total output per polygon Looking at the per acre value might help you Habgen User Manual 14 decide if the growth model is producing reasonable results but don t feed per acre values to Habplan The Scale checkbox Model Selection Tool allows you to apply a scaling factor to all output For example you might multiply by 31 to convert cubic feet to pounds dry weight The LobEven Setup window shows that the input variables were found as BA Site and Age The selected output from the model is CV for cubic volume The Residual value is 0 which means that all Basal Area is removed A residual of 0 5 means to leave 50 of the BA Likewise a value of 80 means leave 80 square feet of BA Note If the stand had less than 80 square feet a
26. ociated with working with several tables at once File ES Regime Class Ga Poly Data Poly Regime Flow 1 Flow 2 Flow 3 Sex Bio Output O Block Z Figure 2 Habgen tabs Select the upper File menu to save all current Habgen tables to a file This File menu is global whereas the other File menus apply only to their table You can read previous settings too However when you exit Habgen all settings are saved to a default location When you start Habgen all settings from your previous session are automatically restored Therefore you don t need to worry too much about saving your work Habgen User Manual 7 When you want to start a completely new session clear a table by either reading in new data or by selecting all rows and using the delete button on the selection tool 4 Regime Class Table A regime class defines an array of individual regimes that are logically grouped together A regime class is defined by the number of action periods and the year range within each period The Regime Class Table Figure 3 allows the user to specify a name for each regime class in column 1 and then year ranges for each period in subsequent columns The regime table shown below has 3 important regime classes specified 1 The do nothing class DN has year 0 specified for period Unless there is some reason not to do so every polygon should have a do nothing regime specified as one of its possible re
27. pen the Costs Table Figure 15 Notice that the Costs Table has the same rows and columns as the Regime Class Table Costs can vary by regime and action period and are entered into the Cost Table Costs are per acre and you must specify the name of the acreage column at the bottom of the costs table unless the name is Size The acreages come from the Poly Regime Table which must have the same number of rows as the Flow tables or you will get an error message Now once the NPV and Costs Tables are filled out press the Calculate button on the NPV Setup Form to compute the value column in the Bio Output Table Figure 15 Note that if you have not selected specific rows from the Bio Output Table to which the NPV computations should apply upon pressing Calculate a window will pop up confirming that you want to apply the NPV computations to all rows in the Bio Output Table If this is the case click OK Otherwise click Cancel and select the rows of interest The costs are discounted and then substracted from the discounted revenues for each polygon and regime This assumes that the 3 Flow tables are compatible i e they contain the same regimes and output years If a table is not compatible it is skipped To rank the regimes by total output volume ignore the Costs Table and simply set all the Flow Values on the NPV Setup Form to 1 and the interest rate to 0 Figure 16 Now upon pressing the Calculate button the
28. put The Lob Plant or PMRC models can either predict H from Site Index or use a measured H If you have H in the data then tell Habgen to ignore Site WARNING When variables that the model needs are ignored Habgen will return negative numbers If you were applying the same growth model to both Period 1 and Period 2 e g Lob Even a shortcut would be to configure the Period 1 Setup window and then press the Copy button This would result in the Period 2 model having the exact same configuration as the Period 1 model Habgen now has the capability to include bedding herbicide and fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus treatments for the PMRC models Habgen also allows the user to specify product classes for the PMRC models in terms of a top diameter and dbh range To access Habgen User Manual 15 these features select the appropriate PMRC model on the Model Selection Tool Now click the Setup button to specify the model settings Note the Fertilize and Product buttons next to the Plant button Assuming you are wanting to plant fertilize and specify product classes click all 3 of these buttons Plant Fertilize and Product Notice the Herbicide and Bedding checkboxes under Planting Figure 8 Click the Herbicide checkbox to add complete control of competing vegetation to site preparation Click the Bedding checkbox to add double pass bedding to site prepara
29. regime Also note that the user can select Value Setup Form between calculating Net Present Values NPV and Land Expectation Values LEV LEV is essentially the NPV for an infinite time horizon i e multiple rotations Ag Bio Output Table File Edit Tools 310012486 310012486 z10012486_ T 28 40 B21 310012486 _ TOMAS 310012486 T 30 R40 310012488 DN E 310012488 CC 1 0 310012488 CC 2 0 310012488 cc zso CiGOF y310012488 Cid 310012488 CCHS HO 2990 69 310012488 CCHGHO 5096 02 310012488 CCH7HO 7259 02 1oo12488_ CBO 92 210012488 gn 07844 3 10012488 CC 10 0 12604 52 CC 11 0 13860 72 4 0 dot Rows Row Col Col Save NPV Init g Value Setup o Flow 1 Value 7 Flow 2 Value 22 Flow 3 Value 40 NPV O LEV ke Rate 0 07 E Per Unit Area Costs File Edit Tools Regime Costl Cost2 DN 0 ROO BP 0 cc 350 350 T m y H Select the Poly Regime Table Size Variable Calculate Cost Figure 15 Bio Output table and NPV Setup Form Habgen User Manual 24 Now to rank regimes by NPV enter per unit product prices for the respective Flow components in the Value Setup Form for example assume Flow 1 pulpwood Flow 2 chip n saw andFlow 3 sawtimber Also enter an interest rate If there are costs associated with various regimes press the Cost button on the NPV Setup Form to o
30. s ranking scheme could for instance be based on Net Present Value NPV or total harvested volume associated with each regime The purpose of this Biological compo nent is to bias the Habplan scheduler toward assigning the regime that produces the most NPV volume for each stand The ranks can be arbitrarily chosen and only the ordering matters not the magnitude So If polygon P1 has 2 allowed regimes R1 and R2 then the following Biological data says R2 is better than R1 P1 R12 P1 R2 2 1 The only thing that matters is that 2 1 is bigger than 2 ranks of 1 and 50 would yield the same result We shall consider two methods for ranking regimes 1 NPV or LEV and 2 Total harvested volume To create this ranking data use the NPV feature on the Bio Output Table Figure 15 Access this feature by pressing the NPV button on the Bio Output Table Before proceeding initialize the Bio Output Table by pressing the Init button on the bottom of the table This initialization process creates a placeholder in the Bio Output Table for every polygon regime combination which now allows you the option of using the Row Selection Habgen User Manual 23 Tool under Tools to select specific rows when computing NPV or LEV This enables you to change the value or cost settings for different regimes e g land sale regimes might have a negative cost representing land sale revenue which is specific only to the land sale
31. stribution file habgen jar is a zipped archive obtainable from the habgen download page You ll need a utility to unzip this file such as the jar utility that comes with the Java Software Development Kit SDK If you have another means of unzipping the distribution file you only need to install the much smaller Java Runtime Environment JRE Obtain either the SDK or the JRE from http java sun com j2se 3 Generic Comments about Habgen Functionality All Habgen tables have much of the same functionality Change individual cell values by clicking on the cell and typing the value The change won t take effect until you move out of the cell Like the Regime Class Table shown below Figure 1 tables have 3 menus The File menu allows you to read and write the current values of this table from or to a file The Edit menu lets you undo a recent change or select and unselect all rows in the table The Tools menu lets you open the ColumnNamesTool and the SelectionTool As you might expect you can change the column names with the columnNamesTool However for most tables you should use the original Habgen columnnames Habgen figures out how to find things in tables by looking at the column names For example Habgen will find the Regime column in the RegimeClass Table by looking for the column called Regime You might want to change names of your data columns in the Polygon Table so that growthmodels can find the variables they need automatically
32. t the time of cutting then nothing would be done Remember that the regime tells Habgen when the stand will be cut The ThresholdVar is set to none and the Threshold value is 0 You could select BA as the ThresholdVar and 80 as theThreshold value In this case Habgen outputs nothing unless the stand has at least this much residual BA Furthermore when Threshold is not none then the output is the residual currently on the stand not the amount that was removed Here s an example of how to make use of Thresholding Suppose you select Size acres as the output and you think that Red Cockaded Woodpeckers RCW can t live in the stand with less than a 100 square feet of BA Setting the Threshold to 100 will cause Habgen to output 0 when the growth model says the stand has less than 100 sq ft of BA and it will output the size of the stand when it exceeds 100 sq ft of BA This creates data for a flow component that will allow you to maintain an even flow of RCW acres If the growth model keeps track of average stand diameter you could also threshold on diameter The hope is that thresholding allows you to schedule habitat Note that the Period 2 Setup Window above has ignore for H i e Height of Dominants When Habgen can t find the column name it wants it tries to ignore the variable You can select the column to use for Habgen maybe your name was NTREES instead of N Also some growth models allow for alternative in
33. tion Under Fertilize specify how many lbs acre of Nitrogen you want to apply e g 300 lbs acre and click the Phosphorous checkbox to include Phosphorous with fertilization To isolate a particular product class specify a Top Diameter and an upper and lower DBH threshold DBH Range Stand level growth and yield responses to both herbicide and bedding treatments are modelled according to the growth response models developed by L V Pienaar and J W Rheney Modeling stand level growth and yield response to silvicultural treatments 1995 Forest Science 41 3 629 638 Growth responses to fertilization are modelled according to the adjusted PMRC models i e original models adapted to include an adjustment term to account for fertilization as presented in Harrison W M and Borders B E 1996 Yield prediction and growth projection for site prepared loblolly pine plantations in the Carolinas Georgia Alabama and Florida PMRC technical report University of Georgia 1996 1 A point of interest is the unthinned counterpart approach that Habgen uses when modeling thinnings with the PMRC models This approach is based on the idea developed by A J O Conner 1935 Forest research with special reference to planting distances and thinning Br Emp For Conf South Africa 30pp that the basal area of a thinned plantation could be expressed as a proportion of the basal area of an unthinned stand of the
34. u will need to have an ArcView ShapeFile available that corresponds to the Poly Data Table In other words there must be a one to one correspondence between the polygons in the ShapeFile and each row of the polygon data table The first step is to open the NabeTool by pressing the button at the bottom of the Block Output Table shown in Figure 18 The NabeTool looks like the example shown in Figure 19 Habgen User Manual 26 Block Table File Edit Tools Polygon Size Neighbor 310011184 5 6401 310000395 0000042 242 176 kiona 7 Rowe Row Col Col Save NabeTool Figure 18 Example of block output table Press the FindFile button to locate your ArcView Shapefile Then press the Read Polys button to read the shapefile You will receive a report about how many Polygons were read Note that only a shapefile containing polygons will work here ShapeFiles can contain various other entities but Habgen only needs to know about polygons Now you ve read the shapefile and also have read the polygon data into the Poly Data Table The next move will be to press the Apply button to start one of the neighbor finding algorithms However the NabeTool will need to locate 2 columns in the Poly Data Table 1 A column called Polygon that gives the polygon ID and 2 A column called Size that gives the size of the polygon in acres hectares or whatever If NabeTool doesn t find columns with these exact
35. w 1 and you select Flow 1 on the FlowTools window Specifying a weight of 0 2 would result in Flow 1 being increased by 20 This Add feature can be used in many ways and adds flexibility to Habgen NOTE When adding tables with different numbers of output years the table with fewer columns must be added to a table with more or equal columns m FlowTools Flow zl Weight 1 aaa L Figure 13 Add FlowTool The Copy feature allows you to copy output data from one Flow table into another Flow table For example assume you are currently working on the Flow 2 table and you want to copy the Flow 1 output data into Flow 2 Press the Copy button on the Flow Table This will pop up the Copy FlowTools window Figure 14 Now specify which Flow component e g Flow 1 you wish to copy to the current Flow component e g Flow 2 and Habgen User Manual 22 press Copy on the FlowTools button The output data from Flow 1 should now appear in the Flow 2 table Figure 14 Copy FlowTool Remember that you can write out the data from the Poly Regime Table to a file and run it through your own growth routines if Habgen doesn t contain the growth models you need It should be relatively easy to batch process the Polygon Regime data and turn it into flow data without using Habgen 10 Biological Output Table The Biological component in Habplan allows the user to rank regimes by order of impor tance Thi
36. ws javac growthmodel ModelConfigurator java 14 Future Directions 1 Add more models
37. y useful when the Flow data represents carbon outputs In such a case the decay function would compute the cumulative remaining carbon for the rest of the planning horizon All you have to do is press the Decay button and specify the carbon half life in the window that pops up Figure 12 Now press the Decay Flow button on the Decay FlowTool and Habgen will compute the new input data based on the decay funtion 1 1 log 2 h where h is the half life and n is the number of years since the harvest Habgen User Manual 21 FlowTools gt Half Life Decay Flow Figure 12 Decay FlowTool The Add feature allows you to sum Flow outputs e g Flow 1 Flow 2 Press the Add button on the Flow Table This will pop up the Add FlowTools window Figure 13 Now specify which Flow component e g Flow 2 you wish to add to the current Flow component e g Flow 1 and specify what weight you want to apply to the selected Flow e g a weight of 1 would equate to Flow 1 Flow 2 whereas a weight of 2 would equate to Flowl 2 x Flow 2 Next press Add on the FlowTools window and the resulting data will be output in the current Flow table For example if Flow 1 is decayed product carbon and Flow 2 is residual carbon then adding them results in total carbon on the land and in products You can also add the current Flow to itself multiplied by a weight For example suppose the current Flow is Flo
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