Mother Board Component Explain
Contents
1. 3 1 Memory Error checking Memory error checking Data in a byte written in to the Memory and later on read back if the Memory has some problem the data read back may pick up some extra bit or drop some bit Parity Bit One way of checking error is by using the Parity bit before the byte of 8 bit is wrote to the memory the memory controller will count the number of bit in a byte and if the number of bit is Even the circuit will add one more bit in to that byte to make them Odd this bit being added is called Parity bit the byte become 9 bit byte when the byte is read from the memory the controller expect to see the number of bit in Odd if a bit was pick up or dropped the number of bit become even and the memory controller will recognized that this is an error and if 2 bits were picked up or drop the parity checking will not able to detect error ECC error checking and correction The more accurate in checking memory error is by implement ECC the ECC process is done by calculate the Syndrome byte from a multiple data byte normally use 8 byte 64 bit the Syndrome byte is wrote together with the data byte and when the data is read back the Syndrome will be calculated again and compare with the Syndrome byte read if they are the same then the data read is no error The ECC process can can correct single bit error automatic with out the system being notified and if there are multiple bit error ECC can recognize and no2. 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 19 14 Front panel connecting pins Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 14 Front Panel Connecting pins Front panel connecting Pins os 9 se aa we aa 222F 6 5 2 BOC60 GeeS v 1 1G O C0 19 a s 0 eeg The pin lay out show here is a guide line and explanation of the meaning difference mother board the pin lay out can be difference HD HD to connect to the hard disk indicator at front of the PC when hard disk is working the HDD indicator at the front of the case will blink Power Led Power Led not shown in the picture below to connect to the power on indicator at the front of the PC when the PC is powered on the indicator will turns on MSG MSG to connect to the Led indicator at the front of the PC this light will turns on when the PC is in stand by mode Power Power to connect to the power on off switch at the front of the PC RES RES to connect to the the Reset switch from the front of the PC file E WEB WEB12 2PC
3. SPP EPP or ECP The LPT number and the mode of the port can be accomplished by setting the jumper on the card The LPT number of the card must not be the same as the LPT number of the printer port on the mother board with the default Bios set up the Printer port on the mother board is LPT 1 there for to avoid conflict the LPT on the card must set to either LPT2 or LPT3 in summery the step to add printer port are below 1 Make sure that the printer port on the mother board is set to LPT1 address 378h by follow the procedure here o During boot press delete key to go to Bios set up screen o Select Integrated Peripheral o Select the Parallel port and select the address of the port to 378 if it is not the default value should file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 2 20Adding 20more 20Printer 20port htm 2 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 17 12 2 Add more printer port already be 378 some time it set to AUTO please change from AUTO to 378 then press the Esc key and Save and Exit Bios set up this is for Award Bios this concept can also apply to other Bios vendor o IRQ 5 should be free for LPT2 to use 2 Set jumper on the IO card to o Disable hard disk drive port o Disable Floppy disk drive port o Disable communication port o Enable Parallel port Set mode of the port to EPP 3 With PC powered off plug the IO card to ISA slot 4 Power on The PC if the PC has Windows installed Windows should should indicate the dete
4. CPU is fully seated on the socket Pini indicator a aL BY Tse a Li Pint indicator bs gi 4 FU j f Wr t ded f file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 2 20CPU 20Socket htm 3 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 40 2 CPU Socket Before insert the CPU in to the socket make sure that pin one of the CPU is aligned with pin one of the socket as indicated above file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 2 20CPU 20Socket htm 4 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 40 3 Memory socket Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 3 Memory Socket DIMM socket The memory socket is called DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module socket 3 t 3 ag ki Rie ct Memory socket DIMM p aer a hh Ae ey There are 3 types of memory that currently popular used in the PC 1 RDRAM 2 DDR ram 3 SDRAM each type of memory are difference in speed and use difference frequency of front side bus clock the socket of each memory type are little difference The memory is configured in to Bank
5. ports USB port add more printer ports The speed of AGP port can be 1x 2x and 4x 8x of PCI 13 Main Power Connector speed 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin AGP adapter card 1x 2x is using 3 3 volt power 9 AGP Port The way AGP port works is similar to the PCI bus AGP port runs at clock speed 66 Mhz with in one clock cycle of AGP operation the multiple of 32 byte can be transferred AGP adapter card 4x 8x is using 1 5 volt power Some mother board has got the universal AGP port connector that can accept 1x 2x or 4x 8x card the mother board with this type of port should have the jumper for the user to set for selection of using 1x 2x or 4x 8x AGP card Or some mother board only support one type of AGP card The mother board may not boot if the wrong type of card is plugged ae h AGP AJAX notch file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 9 20AGP 20Port htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 55 9 AGP port file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 9 20AGP 20Port htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 55 10 IDE port Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more print
6. 00 Mhz we multiply by using 5 2 Choose the higher Front side bus frequency with the mother board that has front side bus 100 and 133 Mhz can choose 100 or 133 to supply to the CPU with CPU 400 we choose 133 x 4 the CPU will run at 532 Mhz Some mother board has more than 2 step of front side bus clock for the user to choose this makes more flexible to do ocverclocking With to day s CPU you may not be able to change the multiplier but you may still can change the front side bus and remember changing the front side bus will effect all of the component on the mother board Memory AGP port and PCI Bus and etc Note The web site of the CPU manufacturer should have the information of which CPU will use what frequency of the Front side bus file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 1 Clock 20generator htm 4 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 37 2 CPU Socket Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 2 CPU Socket There are 4 types of the CPU that are currently popular in the market 1 Intel PENTIUM 4 and Ce
7. 2 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 4 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 07 10 4 Serial ATA port Serial ATA ports file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 4 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 07 11 Floppy drive Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 11 Floppy Disk Port Floppy disk port is a 34 pin connector use 34 wires cable the normal cable will have 2 connectors 2 floppy drives can be connected one drive at the end of the cable is drive A the other drive is at the middle of the cable and is drive B The A drive and B drive differentiation is done by the twisted wires here The floppy drive connected atthis endis The red wire always be connected at pin 1 at the drive connector and at the mother connector The floppy drive q connected at this endis drive B This end to mother board Floppy disk connector Pin number 1 Unlike the hard disk pin 1 of the floppy drive can be either side of the connector a
8. 37 1 Clock generator Front side bus clock Front side bus clock is a common reference signal that distributed to almost all component on the mother board it also define the speed of the component The major component that use Front side bus clock are The CPU The Memory AGP Port PCI bus Changing the frequency of the front side bus clock will effect all above component higher clock frequency will make them run faster but the component has it s limitation of what speed they can run The CPU Front side bus clock distributed to the CPU in side the CPU front side bus clock will be multiplied by the multiplying circuit to make the frequency high enough to reach the core clock frequency of the CPU For example if the front side bus is 100 Mhz and the core clock of the CPU is 1 1 Ghz the front side bus must be multiplied by 11 100 x 11 1100 Mhz or 1 1 Ghz There are many types of front side bus clock for to day s mother board 1 Front side bus 400 533 Mhz this mean that the mother board will generate either 400 or 533 Mhz the user can chose to have the mother board to generate clock 400 or 533 533MHz front side bus is for Pentium 4 at 3 06 GHz 2 80 GHz 2 66 GHz 2 53 GHz 2 40B GHz 2 26 GHz file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 1 Clock 20generator htm 2 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 37 1 Clock generator 400MHz system bus is for Pentium 4 at 2 60 GHz 2 50 GHz 2 40 GHz 2 20 GHz 2A GHz 2 G
9. Hz 1 90 GHz 1 80 GHz 1 70 GHz 2 Front side bus 200 266 333 the mother board with this front side bus is for CPU AMD Athlon or Duron or Pentium 4 3 Front side bus 100 133 the mother board with this front side bus is for CPU Pentium II or Celeron II and Pentium 4 for example CPU Celeron 1 4 Ghz use Front side bus clock 100 multiply by 14 The front side bus clock one of the two 400 or 533 200 or 266 100 or 133 on the mother board is selectable by the user by using 1 The switch on the mother board or 2 The Jumper on the mother board or 3 By CMOS setup The front side is very much directly related to the frequency used by the memory not a must for example RDRAM use front side bus 400 Mhz DDR ram use front side bus 200 266 333 400 SD Ram use front side bus 100 or 133 Mhz Over clocking the CPU Is a way to make the CPU run at a higher clock frequency that specified by the manufacturer in the old day of CPU socket 7 the clock multiplier switch or jumper is mounted on the mother board and they are easily to be changed changing the switch setting will change the multiplier we can over clock file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 1 Clock 20generator htm 3 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 37 1 Clock generator the CPU by two ways 1 Choose the bigger multiplier figure to multiply for example with CPU 400 Mhz is 100 Mhz front side bus multiply by 4 over clock this CPU to make this CPU run at 5
10. Making Mother 20Board 14 20Front 20Panel 20Connecting 20pins htm 1 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 21 14 Front panel connecting pins SPK SPK to connect to the small speaker in side the case this is useful for diagnostic purpose during power on selftest if the BIOS found some hardware problem BIOS will generate the sound on this speaker this is called BIOS beep code The lead wires from the front of the case are from the indicators and the switches the indicators are the LED Light Emitting Diode they are polarity specific if they were plugged to the pin on mother board with wrong polarity the LED is not lighted The wire will be plugged on to the pin the wire will plugged on to the pin The mother board user manual should indicate which pin is and which pin is the wire lead of the case some time they show polarity some time polarity not shown but RED colored wire is always if there are no printed polarity or red color you can try it out if the LED is not turned on you can turn them around no harm The wire from the switches Power on switch or Reset switch they are no polarity file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 14 20Front 20Panel 20Connecting 20pins htm 2 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 21 14 Front panel connecting pins file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 14 20Front 20Panel 20Connecting 20pins htm 3 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 21
11. Mother Board Component Explain Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin IO ports Chipset North bridge AGP port Chipset South bridge Expansion slot Mother Board Component CPU socket Mem ory socket DIMM Serial ATA ports USB ports All right reserved file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board Mother 20Board 20Component htm 16 3 46 20 39 33 Floppy Disk connector Main power Connector Standard IDE ports Battery Clock generator ROM BIOS Raid IDE ports Front panel connecting pins Introduction Introduction This site will provide you the instant PC building knowledge Building the PC is fun and can be a hobby or a real job that makes you a significant money These web site will bring your PC knowledge up to speed from the ground give a good background knowledge and step by step building and trouble shooting while you are building the PC For the very beginner please briefly read through all books from book one to seven to get the idea of how t
12. Primary IDE and the other port called Secondary IDE Primary IDE can have 2 hard disk drives connected on the IDE cable one hard disk is called Master Primary Master the other hard disk is called Slave Primary Slave Secondary IDE also can have 2 hard disk drives connected on the IDE cable one hard disk is called Master Secondary Master the other hard disk is called Slave Secondary Slave CD ROM can be connected on the same cable with hard disk and should always be connected to Secondary IDE and configure as a slave device To identify which port is Primary IDE and which port is file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 20IDE 20Port htm 2 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 57 10 IDE port Secondary IDE please consult the Mother Board user manual The standard configuration of the mother board will have 2 IDE ports and can connect up to maximum of 4 drives next file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 20IDE 20Port htm 3 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 57 10 1 IDE port continue Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Powe
13. The brief function of the BIOS that we want to discuss here are 1 Bios test the hardware component on the mother board o Test the CPU o Test The memory o Initialize and test the hardware and Chipset on the mother board This is called POST Power On Self Test If BIOS found any hardware error during test it will generate POST code and Beep code file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 4 ROM 20Bios htm 1 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 46 4 ROM BIOS The POST code is a 2 digit hexadecimal code will display on the POST display card during powering on we will have to plug the POST Display card on the expansion slot before we power on the PC this card is very helpful in doing trouble shooting the dead PC The POST display card is available to be purchased on the internet you can search by using key word Power On Self Test The meaning of the post code is varied depends on the manufacturer of the BIOS with Award BIOS code C6 mean the memory is not working properly code 42 mean hard disk is not found The Beep code is a sound generated by BIOS during POST this is another aid to help diagnose the PC hardware problem with Award BIOS if the memory error is found the series of long beep sound will be generated beep beep beep Bios has utilities to detect the installed hard disk Bios controls input out put component o Communication ports o Printer port o Hard disk o Floppy disk Bios manage pow
14. card Pin or other special purpose adapter card The expansion slot that currently very popular and use by every mother boards is the PCI Bus Peripheral Component Inter connect These card after inserted in to the slot may need the driver software to be installed with the operating system to make the card works PCI slot is the 32 bit bus running at clock speed 33 Mhz the maximum transfer speed of PCI bus is 133 megabyte second The other type of Expansion slot is ISA slot this is 16 bit bus running at clock speed 8 33 Mhz data transfer rate is 16 Mbyte sec it has been widely used in the pass today s mother board it is very rare file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 8 20Expansion 20Bus htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 53 8 Expansion slot PCI slot ISA slot file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 8 20Expansion 20Bus htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 53 9 AGP port Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset AGP port 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port AGP Accelerated Graphic Port port is a high speed data 10 IDE Ports transfer port this port is used by the display adapter card that AULA U Fott coniun demands so much data with in short period of time 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB
15. ction of LPT2 You can issue MSD command at the Dos prompt to to see whether the LPT2 is recognized by the system After the LPT2 is recognized by Windows then the printer can be installed to this port this mean that 2 printers can be connected to this PC the printer on LPT1 and on LPT2 can print different job at the same time 2 Com ports on the IO card can also be added to mother board using same procedure file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 2 20Adding 20more 20Printer 20port htm 3 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 17 13 Power connector Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 13 Power Connector Main power connector sas Naotsaengn rr lalate dilate T 3 4 abt ti goma rice a mi kai 12V 5V SBiStand by 5V Power Good VCC GND VCC PS ON Soft On Off Green wire 3 3V 12V Power supply connector from power supply will easily insert in to the mother board connector if you find it is hard to insert this mean the connector is in the wrong direction With t
16. e Mouse that connected to Com port is called Serial Mouse The maximum transfer rate of the port is 115200 Bit sec Internal Modem The adapter card that has the Com port and the Modem included in one card has been manufactured and is very wide use even more popular than the External Modem and it is cheaper we plug this card on the expansion slot on the Mother board to make external Modem or internal Modem works properly the software driver must be installed file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 201IO 20Connector 20USB 20Ports htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 12 12 1 USB port PC Making com 12 1 IO Connector USB ports Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator USB Universal Serial Bus the data is serially transferred on 2 CPU socket this port between USB device and USB controller by using 2 3 Memory Socket wires Memory error checking l 4 ROM Bi ai mape 5 CMOS a USB port has just newly implement with in CPU Pentium s E Batter time in the time of CPU 8046 USB port is not yet in placed 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot The port was designed for ease of use the USB device may 9 AGP Port be hot pluggable to the port or remove from the port in 10 IDE Ports theory one USB controller may have up 127 devices 10 1 IDE Host connus connected the device connection can be propagated by using 10 2 IDE Port continue ERNIE USB hub 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA IL Floppy Disk pon Univ
17. er ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 10 IDE Ports 1 Pin 1 DE2 IDE1 IDE ports Notch to prevent wrong direction wire connecting IDE ports the 40 pin connector these ports are for connecting hard disk drives or IDE CD ROM or IDE CD writer There two type of hard disk that can be connected to this ports e ATA interface hard disk Advance Technology Attached e Pre ATA they were called DMA 33 and PIO hard disk Programmable Input Output ATA Interface The current hard disk interface are UDMA 66 data transfer rate 66 Mbyte sec ATA 100 data transfer rate 100 Mbyte sec ATA 133 data transfer rate 133 Mbyte sec file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 20IDE 20Port htm 1 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 57 10 IDE port Most of today s hard disk drive are ATA100 or ATA133 enabled The IDE cable for ATA hard disk is a flat cable with 80 wires connect to 40 pin connecter on the mother board 40 extra wires are for noise shield The hard disk must compiled with UDMA 66 ATA 100 or 133 to be able transfer at the mother board s ATA specify speed DMA 33 The data tranfer rate of DMA 33 is 33 Mbyte sec PIO Hard disk The hard disk prior to ATA time were operated in PIO mode there are 5 modes of PIO PIO mode 5 is the highest data transfer rate and is 22 Mbyte sec The flat IDE cable for DMA 33 and PIO is 40 wire cable One of these two ports is called
18. er saving of the PC Bios has utility to enter CMOS setup or called Bios setup After all hardware tested successfully Bios will read Boot the operating system from the boot device the boot devices is definable by the user the default boot devices is the sequence of A then C with this sequence the PC will boot from drive A the floppy disk first and if drive A does not have the floppy to read the PC will skip drive A and boot from drive C the hard disk if we want to install Windows from bootable CD file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 4 ROM 20Bios htm 2 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 46 4 ROM BIOS Rom we have to specify the boot sequence start from CD Rom To specify the boot device you must enter the CMOS setup utilities most of the cloned PC we can go to the CMOS setup by pressing the delete key during boot at the CMOS setup screen menu go to BIOS features setup then move the cursor to the boot sequence and select the device you want to boot from by pressing the page up or page down on the key board to select the boot device BIOS Update Bios is a program after some time it is released to the user it may need to updated to support some newly manufactured hardware or some problem was discovered or new version is released BIOS update is done by a special program that has the ability to write the new version of BIOS in to ROM Prior to do the BIOS update we recommend that old BIOS in the ROM s
19. ersal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2 0 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port Port Port Port add more printer ports 1 2 3 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin Upstream HU B ae Port Port Port Port The current version of the USB port is version 2 0 the maximum data transfer rate is 480 Megabit sec approximate file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 1 20USB 20Ports htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 14 12 1 USB port 60 Megabyte sec the Communication port is only 115 2 Kbit sec 115 Mb sec The port also provides electric power to the connecting device but very small amount if the device consume big current the separate power must be used for that device USB devices are now widely available Digital camera Memory device Scanner Key board Mouse and more file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 1 20USB 20Ports htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 14 12 2 Add more printer port PC Making com 12 2 Adding more Printer ports Introduction this project is rather for experienced person Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator This procedure will apply to the mother board with ISA slot 2 CPU socket by using old style multi IO controller card that were existed d Memory Sookael during the 80486 and early Pentium time you can add 1 or 2 Memory error checking APON more Printer ports addition to the existing on board Printer 5 CMOS Ram port with low cost simp
20. gh performance memory and medium price it is a very popular memory to day it is used in Pentium 4 and AMD Athlon and Duron mother board use front side bus at 200 266 333 and 400 Mhz E D DIMM socket for DDR Ram One memory bank is one socket and can be 128 MB 256 MB 512 MB 3 SDRAM This is a lowest performance memory of the 3 types and lowest price this type of memory use front side bus 100 or 133 Mhz it is used mainly in socket 370 mother board Pentuim III Celeron II Cyrix C3 and also in Pentium 4 mother board with front side bus clock at 100 or 133 Mhz SDRAM SDRAM socket file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 20Memory 20Socket htm 3 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 43 3 Memory socket One bank of SDRAM is one socket and it can be 128 Mb 256 MB and so on file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 20Memory 20Socket htm 4 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 43 3 1 Memory error checking Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin
21. he AC power cord plug on to the receptacle of the power supply the 5 volt standby voltage will turns on with out powering on the system this voltage will be used by power on mechanism and by the system for soft power on for example wake up on land wake up on modem or when the system is in the power suspend mode To turn on the power supply 1 The connector from the power supply must file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 13 20Power 20Connector htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 19 13 Power connector be plugged on to the mother board 2 The 2 wires power on lead from front panel power on switch at the case must be connected to the mother board 3 Power on switch is pressed pressing power on switch will provide contact between 2 wires and cause PS ON pin 14 voltage to go to go low and activate the whole power supply To turn on the power supply while stand alone with out connecting to the mother board may be possible by inserting the jumper wire between pin 14 and any black wire of the connector from power supply 12 Volt power connector 12 Volt power connector This 12 volt power is required by the CPU socket 478 Pentium 4 if this is not plugged the CPU will not work this is not required by the CPU socket 370 or AMD when you purchase the power supply or the PC case please check that 12 volt connector is available with the power supply file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 13 20Power 20Connector htm
22. he PC building is carried out When you ready to purchase the PC component to build one your self read it again on each topic The brief steps in building a PC are 1 Mother Board component explain Select the component Building PC by put component together and Down load books trouble shoot 4 Setup BIOS 5 Partition the hard disk to make hard disk recognizable by the system as drive C drive D and more 6 Install Windows XP Install add on cards Install application Software s and complete Ww N on file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making index htm 16 3 46 20 39 35 1 Clock generator PC Making com 1 Clock Generator Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports mag Clock generator 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin Switch or CMOS setup select front side B an a PCI slot AGP port Clock generator on the mother board will generate the clock signal called System bus clock or file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 1 Clock 20generator htm 1 of 4 16 3 46 20 39
23. hould be read and save in case if the new BIOS does not give the satisfactory result due to the data error or the file was damaged we can still write the old BIOS back The BIOS update program and the new version of BIOS can be downloaded from the Mother board manufacturer the program may be run stand alone by boot it from the diskette or run under Windows after the ROM is written with the new version of BIOS the PC must be reboot to make new BIOS take control of the system file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 4 ROM 20Bios htm 3 of 3 16 3 46 20 39 46 5 CMOS RAM eS staking com 5 CMOS Ram Introduction Because the ROM BIOS is a read only memory and we are Mother Board Component not able to store the user defined information which is needed 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking by bios to run the information such as e The boot sequence A C CD ROM 4 ROM Bios e The hard disk and floppy disk size 5 CMOS Ram e The information of how the user wants the 6 Battery BIOS to work 7 Chipset e The parameter for chipset to work 5 Eepangon slot e IO port address and how they should work 2 AGE Port e Time of day clock and the password and 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue HOT 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid Every time the PC is powered on BIOS will use the above 10 4 Serial ATA information these information may be changed by the user 11 Flo
24. le and no driver is needed 6 Battery 7 Chipset Or you may be able to buy this IO card from the used 8 Expansion Slot computer part store 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin PCI slot 32 bit 33 Mhz ISA slot 16 bit 8 33 Mhz Com port Printer port Multi IO controller card The multi IO controller card controls e Hard disk drive 2 or 4 drives file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 2 20Adding 20more 20Printer 20port htm 1 of 3 16 3 46 20 40 17 12 2 Add more printer port e Floppy disk drives 2 drives e Communication 2 ports e Pinter port 1 port All the function of the IO card has now been integrated in the mother board and that eliminate the use of IO card There are jumpers on the card to enable or disable any port on the card the detail of how to set the jumper may be printed on the card or at the back of the card If you only want to use the Printer port all the other ports HDD port FDD port and COM port must be disabled and only Printer port is enabled there are also the jumpers that set the mode and LPT number of the printer port as mention on page 12 the printer port may be set to LPT1 LPT2 or LPT3 The mode of the printer can be set to
25. leron 478 these CPU s will fit in to socket 478 the mother board must supply front side bus 400 or 533 Mhz to use them 2 Pentium III and CELERON II these CPU s will fit in to socket 370 the mother board must supply front side bus 100 or 133 Mhz to use them 3 VIA Cyrix C3 this CPU will fit in to socket 370 the mother board must supply front side bus 100 or 133 Mhz to use them file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 2 20CPU 20Socket htm 1 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 40 2 CPU Socket 4 AMD ATHLON and DURON these CPU s will fit in to socket 468 or called socket A the mother board must supply front side bus 200 or 266 Mhz to use them CPU Socket Actuator arm There are 3 type of CPU Socket that are currently popular in the market 1 Socket 478 this socket is for CPU Pentium 4 and Celeron 478 file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 2 20CPU 20Socket htm 2 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 40 2 CPU Socket 2 Socket 370 this socket is for CPU Pentium III Celeron II and Cyrix C3 3 Socket A or called socket 462 this socket is for CPU AMD Athlon and Duron All of the 3 type of socket are ZIF zero insert force socket the CPU can be inserted in to the socket with out having to be forced lt Socket Actuation Lever By lift up the socket actuator arm 90 degree the socket hole array are opened the CPU can now be dropped into the socket with out being forced make sure that the
26. me this book is being written are Intel 850E for Pentium 4 and Celeron 478 with RDRAM Intel 845PE for Pentium 4 and Celeron 478 with DDR RAM speed 333 or 266 Mhz Intel 845GV for Pentium 4 and Celeron 478 with DDR RAM speed 266 or 200 Mhz or SDRAM speed 100 or 133 Mhz AMD 760 MPX for AMD Athlon MP processor with DDR RAM 266 Mhz speed AMD 760 MP for AMD Athlon MP processor with DDR RAM speed 266 Mhz AMD 760 for AMD Athlon and Duron Processor with DDR RAM speed 200 266 Mhz file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 7 20Chipset htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 51 8 Expansion slot PC Making com 8 Expansion Slot PCI type Introduction Mother Board Component e k 1 Clock Generator ified ee ee a 2 CPU socket baal TARERE S E 3 Memory Socket a S Memory error checking etl ee 4 ROM Bios Expansion slot 5 CMOS Ram PCT 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 2 AGF Port Expansion slot or Expansion bus is the slot that enable the 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue user to add the adapter card for additional function to the 10 2 IDE Port continue system for example 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA Sound card or Multimedia card 11 Floppy Disk port LAN card 12 IO Connectors USB ports SCSI controller card USB port Internal Modem card add more printer ports STV finer card 13 Main Power Connector a lA Fieni Panel Connecti Additional hard disk controller
27. nd most of the time the connector use no socket to guide the cable the chance of making mistake wrong direction or shift pin right to left or left to right is high and cause the system can not find the floppy drive file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 1 1 20Floppy 20Disk 20Port htm 16 3 46 20 40 10 12 IO connectors USB port PC Making com 12 IO Connector USB ports Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 4 10 2 IDE Port continue Key board 10 3 IDE Port with Raid USB ports 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port Parallel port 12 IO Connectors USB ports Printer port or called Mouse Parallel port LAN Linein Com 1 Com 2 USB Line out System or called Serial port port ae Data transfer on this port is 8 bit in parallel use 8 wires to carry 8 bit add more printer ports TEN data plus some more wire for control signal between the device and Main Power Connector j ld fiot Tae Coac the port controller in the mother board this port is mainly use for Pin connecting to the PRINTER and also use by some other parallel device in the old day hard disk CD Rom Scanner or Hard lock device to prevent using the software with out license Most of the mother board only provide 1 port Parallel po
28. ntinue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 6 Battery Battery This is a 3 volt battery this battery supplies the power to CMOS ram for CMOS ram to retain the information during system powered off the battery may be last for 5 or 6 years When the battery is weak the PC will show and inaccurate time of day clock or show CMOS check sum error message during boot at this time the user defined information in the CMOS ram may be lost the PC may be still able to run by using the default value in the BIOS that was defined by manufacturer After the battery is replaced the BIOS parameter may need be fine tune and save in CMOS ram how to do BIOS setup and save in CMOS ram will be discussed in a separate topic file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 6 20Battery htm 16 3 46 20 39 49 7 Chipset Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connect
29. or 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 7 Chip set Chip set is a set of IC used to be many IC s work together to provide support to CPU and I O input out device and make the whole system works currently the chipset are integrated in to very few large scale IC Chipset North bridge Chipset South bridge The most chipset today s composed of to component North bridge and South bridge The North bridge will work closely with CPU Memory and AGP port The south bridge will control the IO s Inte Pentium 4 Mee North Bridge RDRAM RDRAM GB s RDRAM RDRAM ATA 100 MB s 2 IDE Channels 13 vive Intel 850 Chipset Chipset will determine the capability of the mother board for example file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 7 20Chipset htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 51 7 Chipset what is the type and maximum speed of the CPU can be used with this mother board what is the type speed and how many megabyte of memory SDRAM DDR RAM RDRAM can be installed on this mother board chipset will control the memory operation what type of Hard Disk this mother board will support DMA 66 ATA 100 ATA 133 or serial ATA speed of AGP port 1X 2X 4X 8X the number of PCI slot the number and speed of USB port on this mother board Chipset also includes the control function of the PC system IRQ controller DMA controller Some example of the chipset at the ti
30. ppy Disk port and must retained in the memory even though the electric 12 IO Connectors USB ports power is removed from the system the memory that is used USB port to store these information is called CMOS Ram CMOS add more printer ports aun Ram is located on the mother board and will need the power Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting from battery during PC powered off to retain the Pin information The password that was set during CMOS setup time will al so stored in the CMOS Ram if the password was forgot or password need to be cleared this can be done by remove the battery and leave the mother board with out battery for a big while the other proper way and faster to clear CMOS is by using clear CMOS jumper on the mother board please consult mother board user manual for location on the mother board and how to use please remember after using jumper to clear CMOS the jumper must be set back to normal if not then the PC will not boot After CMOS was cleared the stored information will disappeared CMOS setup must be performed and the time of day clock will has to be set again file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 5 CMOS 20Ram htm 16 3 46 20 39 47 6 Battery Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port co
31. r Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 10 1 IDE Ports continue There are jumpers on the hard disk drive these jumpers will configure the hard disk to a master or a slave with UDMA 66 ATA 100 or ATA 133 the jumper should always set at cable select With jumper set at cable select the hard disk that is connected at the end of the cable will be a Master drive and the drive that is connected at the middle of the cable is a Slave drive same on both primary and secondary IDE cable With the non ATA disk drive PIO and DMA 33 disk drive to make them Master or Slave the jumpers are set differently The way of setting jumper of different hard disk manufacturer can be difference For Seagate disk drive please see the picture below or you can go to the web site of each hard disk manufacturer for the detail of jumper setting file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 1 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 59 10 1 IDE port continue Options jumper block Master or single drive PIO Disk Drive is slave PIO Disk o Master with non ATA A Fl O compatible slave O Cable select ATA 66 100 00 00 o0 00 00 oO 200 oo ma oo Limit drive capacity 40 Gbytes 32 GB lt 40 Gbytes 2 1 Gbytes o Jugs PPPA t Circuit Board Jump pin 5 6 for Power connector cable select previous next file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 1 20IDE 20Port 20contin
32. rt with the default value of the BIOS setup the printer connect to this port is seen by Windows as the LPT1 But in real BIOS can control 3 Printers LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 these 3 printers can print different job at the same time we will discuss how to add more printer ports in separate topic Serial ports Data bit are transferred on this port in series using one wire for transmit and one wire for receive this is very convenience for the computer that are located very far from each other to communicate and exchange data over the two wires like phone line We call these ports Communication ports most of the Computer will file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 12 201O0 20Connector 20USB 20Ports htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 12 12 IO connectors USB port provide 2 ports called Com 1 and Com2 the major use of these ports is to transmit and receive data with the other Computer located far away the data transfer between the Computer is transferred in Asynchronous mode MODEM To prevent the data being distorted when traveling on the way with big distance between Computers the Modem is needed to modulate the data from this Computer in to carrier and Transmit via media like phone line and at the other we will need another modem to Demodulate the data out of the Carrier and present to the Computer over there The Modem connected to the Comport is called external Modem Serial mouse The Com port also used for connecting Mouse th
33. s one Bank of RDRAM is 2 sockets when purchase the RDRAM you must buy them 2 piece at a time one Bank of DDR Ram is one socket and one Bank of SDRAM is one socket to make the PC work at least one full bank must have memory installed 1 RDRAM memory or called RAMBUS file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 20Memory 20Socket htm 1 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 43 3 Memory socket TEE E be oo ey il R TSGHS This type of memory is used mainly in Pentium 4 mother board it use front side bus clock at 400 Mhz it has highest performance and is most expensive RDRAM Socket The memory will have 2 notches and the socket will have 2 keys to prevent different type of memory to fit in One bank of the memory is two sockets and must have 2 memory stick installed if there are some bank that do not have memory installed the empty bank must have C RIMM installed C RIMM C RIMM is a dummy stick that has no memory chip on it it is used to to complete the memory circuit when you buy the mother board with RDRAM sockets please make sure that C RIMM s come with the mother board Please refer to the mother board user manual for which slot to install RDRAM and which slot to install C RIMM 2 DDR ram file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 20Memory 20Socket htm 2 of 4 16 3 46 20 39 43 3 Memory socket i a EI ii I r E imal ame a ai o ee ee DDR Ram is a medium hi
34. tify the system The Mother board must support Parity or ECC Memory to to be able to use them file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 1 20Memory 20error 20checking htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 44 3 1 Memory error checking file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 3 1 20Memory 20error 20checking htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 44 4 ROM BIOS Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 4 ROM BIOS BIOS Basic Input Output System BIOS is a program that work as a part of the hardware the program is stored in the read only memory ROM ROM can retain BIOS permanently even though electric power was removed from the system ROM BIOS BIOS will start work immediately when the PC is powered on BIOS will make the hardware ready and the IO in put out put devices works at the initial state Floppy disk and CD ROM able to read and boot PC able to detect the installed hard disk the screen able to display all this will help us to be able to install the Operating System or install Windows
35. ude the extra IDE port Pear E together with special function of the port 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 2nd IDE 14 Front Panel Connecting controller Pin Promise chip Standard IDE port More IDE ports with RAID configuration capable The mother board shown here for example give 2 more IDE port by using separate IDE controller this 2 ports can have 2 hard disk drives connected to each of them in total of 2 ports can have 4 hard disks connect to them using 80 wires 40 pins ATA cable and these 4 Hard disk drive can be configured as RAID device Redundancy Array of Independent Disk Configured more than one hard disk drive in to RAID system will make them capable of data protection this mean that the same data will stored in to more than one hard disk during write and if one hard disk fail the data still available in the other hard disk the file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 3 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 04 10 3 IDE port continue system still continue to run with out losing data please consult the mother user manual for ho
36. ue htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 39 59 10 2 IDE port continue next Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 10 2 IDE Ports continue IDE ATA Hard disk cable HDD connected at the middle gray connector is a Slave This end connect a a to the mother board 80 wires The red wire is connected HDD connected at to i pass at ry r this end black mother boar port an connector the drive connector jou Waster file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 2 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 1 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 02 10 2 IDE port continue Cable select jumper Pin Number 1 of the IDE connector on the hard disk is always near to the power connector most of the connector and cable also have notch and key the chance in making wrong connection is not easy file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 2 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 02 10 3 IDE port continue next PC Making com 10 3 IDE Ports with RAID capability Introduction Some mother board may want to incl
37. w to use them file E WEB WEB12 2PC Making Mother 20Board 10 3 20IDE 20Port 20continue htm 2 of 2 16 3 46 20 40 04 10 4 Serial ATA port Introduction Mother Board Component 1 Clock Generator 2 CPU socket 3 Memory Socket Memory error checking 4 ROM Bios 5 CMOS Ram 6 Battery 7 Chipset 8 Expansion Slot 9 AGP Port 10 IDE Ports 10 1 IDE Port continue 10 2 IDE Port continue 10 3 IDE Port with Raid 10 4 Serial ATA 11 Floppy Disk port 12 IO Connectors USB ports USB port add more printer ports 13 Main Power Connector 14 Front Panel Connecting Pin 10 4 Serial ATA Serial ATA is a new design of the hard disk interface On some of the new released mother board you may find the port called Serial ATA using 7 pins connector With the data transfer in parallels on 40 wires cable of ATA 100 133 there are some difficulties that effects data integrity during transfer To overcome this issue the serial data transfer interface has been designed using 7 pins connector The data transfer rate on a serial ATA can be as high as 150 Megabyte sec and will be 300 and 600 Megabyte in the future Bridge Solution the disk drive must also be serial ATA type mean while there is a bridge circuit that will convert a parallel ATA hard disk to a serial ATA but the data transfer rate will not go beyond original capability of parallel ATA that is 100 or 133 Mbyte sec file E WEB WEB1
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search