project administration data sheet - SMARTech
Contents
1. and Five 494 General Interaction Principles There are a Few general user principles found toaroughout the SARA program The un down left and right arrow keys permit the wiser to select an action which a marriage return then activates In any instance where a tvped input is required a nuil entry carriage return only will abort or skip the action The oniy exception to tnis is the entry of a file name when saving File In this case a TRU is required to abort the save while a blank c a rriaqe return saves to the default file name mao Lontrol of Files and Reports There is no special mental effoct required to track Files and meponcts The following are either suggested orm required guidelines rt EE 1 ALL batch test Files should end in Txi suggested 2 ALE data Files should end in a a LATU suggested i 2 ALI report files are the active fiie name with the extension VERT Cneoquimed 42 Any requested report is appended to the existing RETU File mnreguinmed 2 6 binary SAKR usable file may be saved over one of the Sane name only if that name is the default File name listed in Ehe batch t human meadiable file teem whith the binary file was created Googiuined Ta Batch Text Data form Saka 11 SARA data are provided originally by creation of a st data File This file contains general information fa default file name a project description calendar timescale resource in2. cox Cl These equations give three descriptions of a hyperbolic consumption duration model that has three parameters G c and E eee Equation 5 can be called the modeling form It shows that the model expresses resource consumption as a sum of three temmss an intrinsic work content r an additional component of work 4 that is proportional to the rate of work and a third component of work that is proportional to the duration Equation can be called the consumption form of the model and Equation 7 can DE called the rate form The consumption form Equation derines a hyperbola with vemtical asymptote c and oblique asymptote oy C Cumin l a The rate form Equation 7 defines a right hyperbola with Vertical asymptote m c and horizontal asymotote z Cies u hens eae a PM a hi jos io e SARA Scheduling Heuristic 1 SARA has a scheduling heuristic that attempts to Find a risesopumrcso and Lima f i asible schedule of minimam duration This heuristic can be called for on the Gantt chart by selecting the HEL command whereupon SARA computes the schedule and reports LE in the form ot shadow bare IF the heuristic recommendations are accepted by the user through the selection of the ACC command start times of activities are fixed for those activities that the heuristic ne recommends should be started after their respective early start t E Lames
3. OCA DuBose Legal Services FORM OCA 69 285 Georgia Institute of Technology School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Atlanta Georgia 30332 0205 GEORGIA TECH 1885 1985 404 894 2300 DESIGNING TOMORROW TODAY 4 August 1987 Reference Automated Project Management System for Z120 SARA Our project E 24 609 Your order MDA903 85 M 8415 Mr Jesse Cox Defense Systems Management College PMSS Directorate Ft Belvoir VA 22060 Dear Jesse We are pleased to enclose the Final Report for the SARA System which includes the following items ds The SARA User Manual on Wordstar diskette under filename USERSARA excluding the separate Appendix 6 5 2 The complete source code on a set of diskettes 3 The complete executable code on a set of diskettes 4 The Program Documentation Appendix 6 5 of the User Manual in hardcopy form We believe that this Final Report is complete and will give you an easy to use easy to change scheduling software system that the Defense Systems Management College will find very useful both in teaching project management to students and in scheduling DSMC research and development projects We will continue to be available informally to answer questions and give advice especially with regard to the repair of minor deficiencies We would very much like to be given the opportunity to bid on further enhancements of SARA Sincerely Donovan Young D Associate Professor An
4. The heuriehic does not tey serialization or durat ion changes Here is how the heuristic works Foe each activity that has not yet been given a trial start time and has no predecessors that have not been given a recommended start time the heuristic in turn teies various start times starting with the earliest possible until the activity can be scheduled Then the activity becomes one that has heen given a trial start time Its consumpkions are subtract ed from availabilities and another activity is tried When all the amtivitiss have been given a start time the heuristic atops exo fm Zh If an activity cannot be scheduled at any time without Causing resource infeasibility it is scheduled at its early start time and the heuristic qoes on to the nest activity Arter acceptance of a new schedule the resource infeasibility number ri will be zero unless one or more activities were impossible to schedule without infeasibility IF this happens the user can examine the schedule change darak ions and ask for the heuristic again in most cases it is also desirable to free the start times of activities that were fixed by earlier acceptance of a heuristic before asking for another sepeciallv thase activities that are closely related to AN in schegdulable activity either Dy successorship or quasi seuccessonrship om competition for the same resources dion aj 4 32 Error Messages Pr mb i Ia
5. help the user develop and enter the data and to pertorm the scheduling interactively The user makes trial changes in the achedule om accepts scheduling recommendations from SARA s scheduling heuristic and can immediately see the consequences For example the user may reduce the duration af a critical activity SARA will mespond by rescheduling and the user can see in detail if there is any reduction in the project duration and whether there are any resource overconsumotions caused by the change including for example an overconsumption caused by earlier starting of a later activity whose start time directly or indirectly responds to the reduced duration This user manual gives simple instructions as to as to how to invoke and use SARA The menus on the interactive screens in SARA and the error messages provide instructions that are complete enough 50 that references to this manual should seldom be Melee Scary after initial familiarization 1 2 1 Work Breakdown and DP wa nra g me er eer m rana soaa ran tel Et nad a 4 vo gU Ac Toh y LOG 5 d miM dE d em va c q amm e nb OPE es Are EP RF project is a collection of activities when each of the activities are completed the completed The first step in scheduling and o using SARA is work breakdown defining the AN activity represent a cohesive definlte start 1 A definite duration either to be fixed in advance or to be fixed An activity
6. l aperm records should be kept of which plan pertains to as the plan number does not appear on the report Every report created for every plan of a project is appended E a i amp i 5 to the report file in the order in which they were created To View a report the user must exit SARA and either type the File under TOS or view it through EDLIM in printing a report an amp O column printer is assumed If a report sxceends mco columns such as the chart reports which are of arbitrary width SARA Folds them over in such a way that the resulting output can be cut and pasted into reports of the proper width Es n sc Hyperbolic Interpolation Consider the following scenario A dob requires iz man days of computer programming plus w man dave of familiarization work by each non supermvisinr programmer plus a full time programmer to do supervising tom the job s duration This scenario implies a specific model of resource sonsuanption as a function of duration It we let v represent the effort in man days by non supervising programmers and let w represent the effort in man days by the supervisor then the total effort is y v t Pa If the duration 15 x davs a direct N translation of the scenario skatement is which which w x and vy c yrw leads to mn P f wt sae yor lg fy s g aor ves ETO ub a a ES a all D EA which defines a hyperbola with a vertical asymptote m g an
7. line END OF ACTIVITIES line END OF CODE WEIGHTS line or END Q FIXES line 18 missing om malformed There was an attempt to asperifw more than one indirect resource consumption ar more than one code weight pair on a single line Raport Made Pree pap Lhe ha SSG KR VY n hel eS WOEN aL ele Sa it eee peo o and enter it as an integer from I to 3 fay om bo Sohediu e Mid REDUNDANT SELECTION OF AN ALTIVITY Review tne legal touch sequence For the input act being attempted ACTIVITY MUST HAVE FIXET START TO BE FREED FROM A FIX The free fixs command is active it appears as SF averstruck With hyphens free only the activities marked to the lett ot their names with the L shaped fis tag om activate a different command a SCREEN ALREADY INCLUDES ALL THE ACTIVITIES UF ar OWN has heen selected when there are no activities out of view INVALID LOCATION FOR ANY ACTION TO BE TAKEN selektion has been attemoted which cannot be interpreted by SARA Review selection procedures tor the input act being attempted or place the Cursor more accurately Menu Items on Main Entry Screen Entry Sereen Hatch data mode Schedule mode Report mode Open a binary file Save current binary file Change file description End session LLL 3 tat a 2 Lil F i il bs tr h an S ua ML XV sd Menu Items on Batch Screens EET deum a my 6 tatn Cr maet rem rere ry Load batch da
8. Equai Education and Employment Opportunity Institution A Unit of the University System of Georgia USER MANUAL SCHEDULE AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION SARA MODULE A scheduling and resource olanning tool for projects witn multiple constrained resources l n T aes m T NC Hn at A ole n ens d s ae PB whe t E TAB Introduction to SARA 1 1 Brief Descriptian Low Laced Work Tors ira Ly aa cn sump est res c Buscar trp Senega i lax ad 1 3 Hardware and Soft 1 4 Time Scaling in S l 4 1 1 9 2 The SARA Software Payer te dal Programs and LDocu Zax Installation was User Entry and Ex 2 4 Genera j Control of Files aLonm ce Batch Text Data for Batch Text Data How io Create and How tug Load E E GG How to Delete Act ma Binary Data Files 246 Data and Mame E it E a 1 Beeakcdown Calenciarm interact ron and Save Batch New Project LE OF CONTENTS of SARS Multiple Resourcea Constrained Provect and ined Fesources tion and Dareakion starct nces ing Limits JA TER HRA Time boundaries t Timescale acre mentation act Frincipies and Reports SARA Format Revise Batch Text mata ivities or Resource onteol Hata Mame ang and bepializat Options Scheduling Activities and Finish Times ion pr tage and Control so wie wee Revision of Froject Data SARA Scnedulindq a
9. Flans in SARA 4 Dbeheduling Actions in S RG 4 2 1 Stamt time Fixing geaphics In a NE u ft Duratian Fixing text A aie Semialization text d How to Schedule Using SARA 4 2 Screen Control During Scheduling SARA Reports Sek The Schedule fabis Report i The Resource Table Report mar The Gantt Chart Report wet The Resource Chart Report c c Repoet Generation and Control Appendices Sel Hyperbolic Interpolation 6 2 The SARA Scheduling Heuristic F Luo a 5 pet rol ea sete ac pij p m ee va Msn Ment beror Messages in Samo yyt 1 1 Brief Description af SARA SARA Schedule And Resource Allocation is an interactive amall comouter program to aid user in scheduling a smail to medium size project up to 75 activities and 14 resources where there is contention among activities for scarce shared mu OLUT Ce a Several of the various activities in a software development pmoject for example may need to use designer labor programmer labor computer access and other shared resources If the user defines the activities their durations om duratian ranges their precedence relationships their resource consumptions and the availabilities of resources then SARA can heip toe user schedule the project ine aim of scheduling would nammaiiy be to find the shortest schedule among those whose activities are sufficiently spread out to keen pesource ronsumptions within availability Limits SARA 15 designed ta
10. In guration changing the user alters the ng activity durarions SARA computes the consequences and displays them top example when the user changes the duration of an activity Saka computes the new timespan of the activity from ite start time to a neW gamiienm or later finish timet computes the activitwv s rav resciunmcae consumptisons See pamagrmaph 3 Hyperbolic Tnterpofiaticnm computes the new resource consumption cates over dudes EE KE EE yeu qe sh gue aed S Tere An doa tet buie arant gros t Lhe mew timespan reschedules ail tne activities chat have tha EAE E tod ECT SA p Sb hcg pene gee ole Ap dampcam ap E ction pies od ot epg is I pe ree e m aD sand du activity as a direct or indirect oredecessor or guasi predecessor F A C rud cmd 4 FeIOmputes all the resource consumption profiles compares rhem with availabiiities and computes resource conflicts A saved schedule in 66 ae EAT an RA is cal ler a pian Oemialization start fixing and duration scheduling apply only to ane nolan The Various plans for a project represent different schedules for the Same prajpec Chapter 4 for scheduiing procedures I Ed BS 7 a Scheduling which SARA Conaeicsr gc constraints comptiib at ions ceomismiioced Same Time khan the eRESCLLICC E cu d pe M adimit Avwvaidabmiiit i ven D derinsd D start o plan Sep ay pora dq Tm SAR ime whi des mensely c
11. To serialize activity one before activity two before activity three select activity three then two to establish two AS a dquasi pmnegecessoc to Three The cursor returns to three ese buck three ko deactivate activate 2 and select one to euuntablish the one two relationship and the series is createc ANY guasi pmececdence relationships that would cause a precedence cycle Ci 9e any activity being a predecessor ar Wiasi predecessur of itself is prevented by SARA Since the cuesar automatically returns to the active activity and Since selection toggles reverses the relationships tare must be taken To review the guasi predecessor relationships deactivate the active activity and activate each activity in turn to display ita serial predecessors taking care to use che arrow keys only when no activity is achive This prevents unintended alteration Ot serial relationships 4 Screen Cantrol Using SAR The schedule screen 15 the entry scree For schedulinc MLS Tf cu i C meet the entry screen for scheduling acts accessed by selecting Schedule mode on the SARA entry screen The schedule screen menu 158 as Follows E cheduie een menu 158 aes Follows Load plan Save plan S artalise activities Set time boundaries Set desired start and finish Schedule Set screen movement constant m d ree I dg qe rae T fyl 7 Mh t MAT EJ mn oat t io Pod uen eO 5 Change sche
12. arranged as follows aa of batch test Files Default file name Froject description first line Frgject descriptian second iine Calendar choice lendar choice is workdays Workday per periac DLiewimed start date rea or pateh best file Resource code and name Resource desgcrintign Period in which first availeble cycle begins Cycle length in periods Availability segment er lines RE for additional availability segments ep sets Ri mR3 for additional resources FO RESOURCES line rea oF batch test tiles Activity number and mame fall E P eU Activity description om AS Key durations ERA key consumptions of a resource marthen lines 4844 for additional resources Further lines Al A4d for additional activities ENE OF ACTIVITIES line ndirectoPesource area or Daten test rites i 1 Indirect consumption line Further lines Ii for further indirect consumptions END OF CODE WEIGHTS Line Fix area of batch test Files legg Activity skart ric Further lines Fl for start fixes of additional AWtiviiiles ENO OF FixES Line PFrecedences area of batch text tiles ry r1 F uesdeceseonm sgucoessonm palm Further lines PL fom additional preceden nl Thies Pormak and content for each kind of Line lines begin in column 1i and contain na extra blanks ze nm P ibd Hol oa s NOTE Line labels il Da etc do NOT appear in tne file Line GL is Lii a 005 File name Cup to 53
13. cannot be interrupted eaxcent Cas weekends when thes entire project of enforcing rasocunce canstraints an consume each of its subetituted For one another errept Activities nave orecedences AvensesacraqespeecdegcenmerraceausasetppacArerenteanced by may not begin until the next period after the iks latest finishing oredecessor activity activities should be defined as tm be as 2o Ot T indaepenceant each othem as poss In SARA interact with each other only through precedence and by competing for constrained resources The Limitations on activities uninterruptibility rates lack of resource substitution and strict what distinguish critical path method CCF TO E PTICE effort both of during Tor 1S interrupter t a activity ie by altering project which a SUCE Finish steady i scenen LL NG that if and Pct i5 planning activities ap t TE AG d which are scheduling nichts anc Fon pumposes consideret to Reco umes cannot Hi data period oF separate anri they dimectlw melationship s Conceptual tion precedences are tran bw SARA p E i work breakdown which is done outside ot SARA The best schedul is best only for a specific work breakdown if park of an activity can be delayed om can use different resources or can use qogsepoumnces at a different rate om can allow a successor to start before the rest of the activ
14. characters with a e character extengeion for the projecta The estLension must he DAT roe Ee amp e PEGGRFROG GAT Limes OF and G32 are tk 40 character Lines that serve to describe the project DA Line 002 specifies the calendar choice It it consists of the vword WORKDAY in unpercase letters the calendar assumes a me day work week with Saturdays Sundays and standard holidays f r3 hs M E 00 omitted the next line GP is the integer number of workdays inm brer ora earch GARA periods and the next Line G r ta the calendar date of the DS desired start time For the nmoject IT line G4 consi i rE lem A of the word NORMAL in uppercase letters the periods are simp numbered sertally and there re no GS om D lines See Seckion 1 4 For calendar and time scala details Line ixl declares a resoucce code and name The first gt oharacters are the user decilared resource code that will be used on the screen to identity the resource the code of course must brer wane bee uum ene je different for each SARS resource The fourth character i D blank The resource name is the nest 10 characters When thea name 15 printed the code is also printed so most users use a naming skyle that lets the code be the first letters of the perceived name aes in the example PERO GRAMMEROOL TES T LABI and tes T LABS are legal resource codes and names and because of the distinction bet
15. larger than 1 there is overconsumption when the area of the solid line above tne datted line is greater than the area of the solid line under the dotted line in the cyele The time inteasibility number shown as ti at the lower left of the screen indicates the amount of time inreasibility in achivity period units That is when one activity violates a precedence guasi precedence or due date by one period ti is increased by one The resource infeasibility number shown as r i indicates tne relative amount of overconsampt iaon of PesOUrCeas in units such that if one resource is overconsumed by 1OQZ of its largest availability in one availability cycle ri is increased by one 4 2 2 Unration fining To fix durations of activities it is necessa y to exit the Gantt chart screen and to select Change scheduled activity durations on the schedule screen list of the activity numbers and names is displayed Select an activity and the MIN MAX NOM and current durations af the activity are displayed Enter the mew schedule dumations This new duration must he within the limits of PIN and MAX A carriage return will leave the current duration as it is Select EXIT to return to the achedule screen and Schedule to return to the Gantt chart ane view and exploit the consequences of the duratian change Getivities whose durations have been changed fram the MOM guration have a duration fix tag displayed to the lett or th
16. new batch data Files save the new binary data tiles and return to scheduling 4 1 Plans in SARA vare A plan in SARA ise one af a project Schedulind sperific plan the one that is The plans for a project is Craditionmally called the Ldentitied on the sereen as traditionally called the nominal churation On the screen as MOM Plan plan and identified as ZxePMoax traditional convention tr be saved as plan 1 the plan Ovsrali will oe saved as longest reasonable duration pe implementation costs om resa vir apnd 5 mpm pot plan cn Plans 4 HER AT ings ALL plans for a given Including resource censumptions of resources as a anc In addition start time and or the charrat ion by inciuding Fixed start times batch test data file for the P abe Free to varny from pian Lip changes by ame mini mun due at Lon if L s I E it S ahimtasst gdurcation that plan z Gian ach LACER ASSociated project availabilities the user can optionally pec tect te Five different schedules for the ame always p rtormed on a LI S oo Loaded numbered I through 2 Flan plan and similarly plan z is plan and is identified 2 16 tailed the maximum dumat ion lt the user follows khe Feasible pian wili m r nw A phe j LL most sakja 1e Lona dered and the plan that Gurken means the least consumptigons will saved sau wi
17. resource conflict graph to Buone Dolan thm Hanke chai amp contlict graph is a bar of varying height whose height xn any period represents the reiative amount by which total use of that resource by all activities exceeds availability The height if zero if there is no overeconsumotion AMT up to six pixels if the ovemconsumption is twice the resoupoe s greatest infeasibility The activities that are CALLS IMG owvemconsumption of a mesoumce can often be identified as the ones whose start Gr finish times coincide with steps npo or down in the conflict graph The resource code and name for each et conflict graph is shown to its left Foro any one resource a mnesoumce consumption availabilitw protile may be shown above the resource conflict graph pw the Wee ss gelection of the anpropriate resource s conflict graph Car its code or name to the left but NOT its code in the upper left corner of the screen Selecting a difffereant conflict graph replaces the current profile if any with the new one Reselecting a resources conflict graph whose profile is currently shown causes the profile to disappear The solid line in the resource profile shows the total relative consumption in each time period for the resource The dotted line shows the availability IF the availability cycle of the resource has length 1 there is Overconsumption in each 7 e period where the solid line is higher than the dotted line iF Line cycle is
18. when a period represents M consecutive working clays The calendar date attached to a period by SARA 18 khe First working day in the period when the user inputs a date the period SARA interorers as meant is the one whose First working day is nearest the user specified date In the current VITRE bat qo QU AE M de ir crt eda md E i b das uz d os us cst Eneas Sue v rs tom oF SARA Ehe wor Ega my Cav AN kines ORR mS AER WE be et cy VE assumed to be all Mondays through Fridays except for the Following holidays New Year s Day January 1 oor nearest weekday MLE Day third Monday in January Preagicdent s Lay third Monday in February Memorial Day Last Monday in May Independence Day July 4 or nearest weekday Labor Day first Monday in september Columbus Day second Monday im Detonar Veteran s Day November 11i om nearest weekday Thanksqiving fourth Thursday in November Christmas December om nearest weekday The format of calendar date codes is ATYZZ om XXYYZZ where X Or XX is the day of the month from i to Sl YY ise a month code and ZZ is the last two digits of the year such as wa for 19755 The month codes are ela v de Frabruany PE fars h FR Apr di me Pay FLY una P e July is August ALJ Septembr bs Dctonosr MIN Rovemnbet NEC Cec amber ht The rule For remembering month codes ie that they are the First two characters of the tull name except that the second character is replaced by the third af
19. 2 Followec by a period and an up to three character alphanumeric mab engi On inge schedule screen can display up to s activities at a time or a total of zz activities and resources Om 18 activities and a resdounoe profiles Time is represented in SARA in terms ot working periods A working period or period is an indivisible measure that can eapreagenk any working time span such as for example tive working days which could be say Thuredav anc Friday ofr one week and if the following Monday were a holiday Tuasdav through Thursday of the nest week Feriods are mumnbercred seriaiiv and SARA can work with up co iag of then such as periode i to lod or d m to sli The timescale iabeis far periods ace of two alternative forms depending on the calancar options described in 1 4 1 and there are two special periods deastred shark CL and cleasieed Finish Hr that fis the eanmiissc e hal d uero is ee Sue 8 dea Oe aa T un 7 ess o mP 014 R Sem e repmcesentabise time and the project due date respectively and 1 4 13 ime Boundaries Tha earliest and latest times shown on the Gantt chart x Screen ame time boundaries which are set by the user on the schedule screen using the Set time boundaries menu item The user enters the appropriate code depending an whether the NORMAL or WORKDAY caiencdar option is in ftect see paragraph ee ae The Gantt chart can show up to tne Full i04 time periods that SARA re
20. EE aa eus Pom ll lih nee Rl el areata Dede tm ee te a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION PROJECT ADMINISTRATION DATA SHEET x ORIGINAL REVISION NO Project No E 24 609 R 6040 0A0 GTRC IHIX DATE 10 09 85 Project Director D B Young School EMK IS Gone Veten Supply Service Washington D C 20310 Type Agreement P O ff MDA903 85 M 8415 Award Period From 09 03 85 To 01 15 86 Performance 03 02 86 Reports Sponsor Amount This Change Total to Date 7 Estimated Funded 19 786 19 786 Cost Sharing Amount N A Cost Sharing No N A Title Automated Project Management System for Z 120 microcomputer ADMINISTRATIVE DATA OCA Contact Ralph Grede X 4820 1 Sponsor Technical Contact 2 Sponsor Admin Contractual Matters Mr John R Bramblett Mr Charles R Singman Defense Supply Service Defense Supply Service Room 1D 245 The Pentagon Room 1D 245 The Pentagon Washington D Cc 20310 Washington D C 20310 703 664 2289 703 697 7766 Defense Priority Rating 5 1 Military Security Classification Unclassified for Companv Industrial Proprietary NLA RESTRICTIONS See Attached Governmental Supplemental Information Sheet for Additional Requirements Travel Foreign travel must have prior approval Contact OCA in each case Domestic travel requires sponsor approval where total will exceed greater of 500 or 125 of approved proposal budget category Equipment Ti
21. Fils A binary file iz a file which by convention has the extension a HATE and is the data file that SARA uses LX contains all the plan specific information for up to five pian schedules for a project Ry contrast the batch test file has the TXT extension and contains only the non plan epecirtic data for the project in human readable ASCII form as discussed in serk iaon Sain To create a binary file for the first time after a batch data file nas been loaded and convert computer memory batch data tco SAR A readable data the user must select Save binary data in baken mode In answer to the Save as which binary file prompt a null entry will cause an attempt to save a binary data 7 File nose mane is the default file name listed in the first line of the batch file This naming can be overridden ov supplying a new name which shouid include a a DATU extension An entry of the letter OO will abort the conversion and Saving or binary cata If the conversion of patch data to binary data suoceeds the name of the binary file will be shown as the Aokive binary data file on the screen and SARA will be readv tao schedule using this data Itf the conversion attempt tails an EPP ON message will be recieved and it will be necessary to revise tho batch data File The special diagnostic error message bag chat ia provided gives the line number at which the error occured in the batch File When a new plan 15
22. a serialisation 5 n ied r muasi proecedencel specified in scheduiing are both paimnwisc relationships which provide for a predecessor activity to finish before a Successor activity can begin Specifically precedence ted ah and serializations provide that 1 antama mcheduiing wiid not A sconedule an activity to start before all its predecessors ur guasi predecessors finish 2 the heuristic will mak contempiate scnedulinyg an activity to start before all its predecessors om NQuasicpredecessars finish and 233 if the user fires an activity 3 Aetas sasdcca ar tee er nr ghark peniad on oc perfore the finish period of a predecessar ar Qquasi cpmaoedegcmgmessorn the schedule will be renorted as timer infeasible and negative slack indicators on the Gantt chart wiii A a chow Mow Far the nrecedensger vidlated activities wouicd neeg zo DE H r IT 177 tue i L F T Qr right to obey the prececdences ar HUSE OOrececdences SARA breeats the due gate DF as if it were a fired successor to the latest finishing activities Negative stack anri time infeasibility from Failure to meet the due date amo reponcteds if a schedule violates precedences ar quaSl precedences and also Fails to meat the thie date the reported Eime infeasibility is summed but the negative slack indicators do not extend bevond the needed distances to obey precedences Quasiv precedences and the du
23. activity numbers below it and all precedence relationsnips must be altered to reflect the new numbering Thererore two utilities are provided to enable preparation of a new batch file by simply spart fying which activities or pesoueces are to be removed To delete activities make cure that the proper patch test File is loaded and select elete activities on the batch scneoeen list of activities 15 disniawved Select the activity to be deleted To confirm the deletion select the activity again Since the batch mode iz a separate mode that is not realis Dark of SARA praper the results must bo saved in a file to be han zt o l sed fo make the new data usable select Save binary data on the batch screen and provide either a new name in order to save the new data without destroying the previous binary File om the r 7 PLE Old name uo alee rt _ replace the old binary file with the mew To write the new data over the old file make a null entry in response to the Save as which binary Tile promot Subseguent loading of the new File in SARA will make tne mew data effective it it desired to update the batch data file a similar procerlure man be initiated by selectina Save batch data on the batam screen c delete resaucces select Delete resources on the baten Screen and proceed as described above for deleting activities H To do any scheduling in SARA there mast be an open binary
24. again and change the batch test file to conform to the required format t no srPOPRS are noted upon a Save binary data in the batch data mode there now exists a binary data file for the project under the filename TAT name in the SARA accessibie directory TO revise a project s data the user can simply edit its atchn text data file Mawever it 19 necessary Lo exercise montreal over file names to avoid confusion see paragraph dS 6 2 While there iz little confusion it the new version 15 given the same name it is necessary to exercise hight control To prevent inadvertant overwriting o valid data SARA prevents a binary file save to an existing file already in the directory unless the mame 15 the Filename DAT name that appears in the first line af the batch data fils t is thus assumed that the user intends a save to the default name to represent saving a replacement Yersion oft the binary file while a save to a new name would P rmepmesent a new version that would not have the same name as any other File except by mistake I Ir a projects data is to De changed by deleting activities and or resources the user would be faced with unsavory tasks Such as changing the activity numbers refiecting the changes in Lists of fixes and precedences and pemaving multipie mentions and cosequences of the deleted activities or resources Since that would be essentially as difficult as building a new batch data fil
25. coaqjnizes but for the user to see smali ditrterences it is good practice to show no more than about G periods at once The default time ooundamicoes are i and Zi ine bGantt chart la easiest to wark with when the boundaries span about i35 periods With 104 nericods the kime kicks are theee pieles apart with e periods they are six pixels apart with 37 periods they are eight pixels apart and slightly over a third of the maximum time span ise wvieweog at one tim 3 itas Galendar Timescale Options There are two calendar options for labeling of SARA tLimescales 3 NORMAL and WORKDAY Tne NORMAL option 19 set up for simple serial numbering of periods it is especially appropriate when a period represents a week and is marginally appropriate when a period represents an arbitrary working timespan zucn ase a shift that is not a number of days aor is not to be tied to calendar dates The numbering system is OLD AG cine a OIE SCA ED vue scd tuas NG The numbers XX TY can be interpreted as year XX and week YY Im the current version of SARA the usen cannot modify the Bge period moll I 65 When the NORMAL option is in effect the user enters data as integers For example ES wouid indicate the period labeled Gea OL and 70 would indicate the pemiod Giaa a The WORKDAY option is set up for date labeling it is egmnerialliwv appropriate when a period represents one working cay and is also approanriate
26. created and saved in the scheduling mode 1 m Of SARA it is saved only in the computer memory so tnat the same plan can be recovered later in the Gane sessian For a plan to be aechived so that it can be recovered in a Later session arm Atter a power Failure select Save current Oinary file on the entry Screen 2 6 Hata and Mame Control SARA does not enforce the convention that batch files hav the TXT extension nor the convention that the batch file ane binary tile for a given project have the same name defore the extension These practices are recommended however The first line of a batch text file is the reserved File name for the corresponding binary file When a binary File is saved bw selecting Gave binary data in batch mode tne defauit name 15 that reserved name and the binary data will be written over previously saved binary data with the same name if anys that is a binary rile having the reserved name specified in the Datch text file can be updated SARA prevents oaverwriting of Files in any other manner An attempt to save binary data to file name that already exists unless it is that reserved name gaseg a Blocking error and expels the user from SARA ee lt Mew Project Data and Name Control Upon preparing the text file for a new project the user should decide whether there will be more than one version of the Dasic project data and whether numan readabiliea batch tex
27. current plan There is no way to remove a plan only to write over it 4 7 arat scheduling Actions in SARA 15 ip E H To schedule a project means to adjust start times sequences and duratians of activities 50 as best to meet scheduling objectives are to achieve the earliest project objectives Listial completion while maintaining resource feasibility Es anhered The user does scheduling im schedule mode which is from the entry screen after a binary File has been opened If a binacy fiie exists the first step in getting ready to schedule the entry screen and to enter is to select Open a binary file on ite M HAT extension Then select Schedule its name including LE select Batch data mode mode IF a binary file does not eis and prepare binary file from a text file as described in m we Chapter Ta The three major Functions in scheduling start time Fixing duration fixing and serialization are described in the Following sections The start time of an activity is the period at which it begins This time can be set at any time such that the activity does not extend beyond the due date OF om desired rinish To Aue the start time of an activity select the SF command in the left Wirtcow Select the name or bar of the activity whose start time 16 to be fixed This becomes the active activity Its name is highlighted with a box all of its predecessors are label
28. duled activity durat ions 7 Change screen sequence ot activities 1 ha a dl ic enl at Esit to entry screen ihe screen also shows the name of the binary rile that has been opener and the name of the plan that has been loaded No pian 1 3 loaded appears upon Firet entry to the schedule screen and the usar must select Load plen and provide a plan number Fron among those iiztec IF no plan is loaded attempted selection of scheduling acts will be ignored To access the Gantt chart select Schedule The main Window contains activity bars with activity names to the left The activity bar begins at the activitw s start period and extends to the activity s finish period The appearance ot the Gantt chart screen can be controlled by setting time boundaries and desired start and Finish dates of the project The desired project start date controls tne eamliest start of activities that have no predecessors or guasi nredetess ors and the desired project finish date controls the ep due date against which determined The user may wish to an alternative fixing ail start amer the due date temoorariliy earlier activities with positive slack ind To set desired start start and finish on the schedule option is in effect enter the see section 1 4 2 cogen entem the new times WORETAY cod AS MOTE Hesired start and apoly to ali olans Time boundaries determine on the Ga
29. e Frane This duration tag is a lazy C or a left bracket rotated ninety degrees counterclockwise LE there is also a start fix tag the duration fix tag will be Superimposed on it giving a 3 combination that looks like an VL with a serif on its right toot Fi ere ine ral 4 UA c A E a a 1 Po 4 1 OE Ls MS er L A 1 x C Nees 1 Orr adde h ba eph ap hd pant nm imam i ES n amm aa ne eH nel Hace TE ami na When resource overconsumption occurs because too many activities are using the same resources at the same time a more Flexible scheduling tool than start fixing is Serialization see section 1 2 5 which spreads resource usage over time by introducing quasi oprececdences To Specify a serialized sercuence of activities ik 1 if necessary to exit Ehe Gantt chart and select Semializte activities on the schedule screen A list of activity names and numbers is displayed Touch an activity to activate it if none ic actives It none is active a reseiection of the active activity deactivates it while the selection ot another activitw establishes the second activity as a serial quasi predecessor of the active activity Selection of a previously defined guasi npredecess or of the active activity deletes the relationenip When an activity is active the cursor returns to it after selection of any other activity When an activity is active all of ite serial predecessors are tagged to the right with sp
30. e CFM methods would show an unrealistic schedule SARA wouid show the delaying eFreackts of resource constraints Each mesource in BARA has availability cycles representing time spans such as days weeks or months of arbitrary constant Lengt i u if the cycles have a length or one period the avallability constraints are those for a fully nenewabie resource if the cycle length is so iong that there can only be one cycle in the entire project the availability constraint is thak for a nonmenewable resauece There can be a different availability in each cycle for example if a cycle represented a l shift week for a resource coded FAG and named preogmmeos the user could specify how many programners could pe used during each week senarately Different limitations on wnat is in the real world the Sane resource can be e xoressed as separate SARA moesounmces pn example another resource with a code different from FRG could be used to express a shift by snift iimit an programmens in one L N project there wepe UG actual progeammers available but no one could work mare than ii shifts mer week TWO SARA FE SOUIC CRS wepe defines one deve a limit of 22 programmer shifts per one sniFft cycle and the other gave a limit of 355 programmer shifts oer zi shiftt cycle Resoumces ame consumed Oy activities and in any cycle of WM contiguous periods the total consumption of particular resouece is the sum ot the consumptiong by each of
31. e date A precedence is intended to represent a technological necessity to complete one activity before starting another exampie a roof cannot be installed before its supporting wa genialization quasivprecedence on the other hand i intended to represent the user s intention to schedule one activity after another one ipgmesumably for the purpose ot Avoiding eesource contlictesl Ficeacedences are part of batc innut and apply to all plans For a project semializations apply only to the pian in which they are spezitftisd iea paragraphs je ah and 4 1 for a definition of a plar ne CIO ilu way er 4 1 c hee a 1 ED fe ant i pO NE S Chr rar LT 4 pr atl hes cL nc ta pee ms be wane pen PETE ee ee nm d scheduling in SARA is done interactively with the help of une Ganti Cnart feeen which displays a bar chart schedule resouece conrlick graphs and a resource consumoation avatlabilLity profile all on the same time scais The user views the schedule makes changes and views the echedule again to see the EONS EAL AN T ESS There are these kinds of scheduling activities available to the users gecialization start fixing and duration changing In serialization the user specifies quaesi precedences to Force guasl sucressor activities to wait for completion of guasi renmecessar activities In start filming the user specifies start pimes for activities
32. e from scratch and since the consequences or deletions are well defined SARA provides a Delete activities function and a pelete resources function in the batch data mode see sagt ion 3 4 In general revision to a batch test data file requires that the binary File saved from the olg text File be destroyed deleted and that a new binary file be saved Any plans see 1 b section 4 1 under the old file become meaningless and are destroyed when the binary File 19 destroyed m Ua o E m ta Ja bow to Load and Save Batch Text Data To load batch test data means to retrieve a batch text data File and convent it to computer memory form This 198 done in the batch data mode It is done to allow faving oF the data in a binary File or to allow automated deletion of activities and resources as an alternative to tedious manual editing Lad ing batch text data files does not interfere with Sara s active binary file so a user could interrupt a session to work with the batch data of another project Cthougn this would seldom be desired without needing to reopen the active binary rile upon retuening to SARA proper from the batch screen To ipad a batch test data file select Load batch data on the batch screen Then provide the name of a batch rile that is im the SARA accessible directory The user must remember the name om must exit SARA and go to MS ROS to query the directory 3 By convention ail bat
33. ed with are to the right of their name and all its Successors are p labeled with an 5 Auasi predecessors see paragraph 4 2 4 and UGLLASITTSLLCOESETONS are labeled with SF or SS At the same sareen height as the achivity s bar and name select the time period at which the activity s start is to be fixed The Gantt screen will then show the consequences tha activity will be deactivated a fixed start tag resenbiing an L Will appear to the lett of its names its bar will be moved homizontailly so as to start in the selected period its SUCCeasors and quasi sguccessors will move accordingly if their start times are not Fixed negative and positive slack indicators Willi be revised the time infeasibility and resource infeasibility numbers wiil be revised ine resource profile if any Will be revised and the resource conflict graphs if any Will be revised To Free activities so that their start times are no longer Havel Fixed select the S command and the activity whose start time is to be freed ALL the scheduling consequences as listed above will be shown The SARA scheduling heuristic see section amp 4 provides suggested start Fizes for activities in an attempt oy the j i program to identify a resource and time feasible schedule io see these suggestions displayed in shadow bars on the Gantt chart select the HEU command o accomplish all the suggested time fises in one act accept the su
34. eh test data files for SARA contain the Et mpm xTM a aa E ena i n SE a To save batch text data means to convert the current batch bask data from computer nemory form to test form and create a Datch text data file from it under a user provicded name There are two situations in which the user would meed to do this First the user could have deleted activities om resources using tne automater methods available in the batch data Screen see paragraph 2 4 so that the File would archive these cnanqes Second the user could desine for any of several reasons to creates a batch text copy of the current data under a different G name from that from which it was loaded Renaming can aliso De done in HS S 3 To delete activities or resources go to the batch screen and load a batch data file by selecting Load batch data and typing one of the available file names with the TXT extension SARA provides a special procedure to automaticaliy revise a batch text File to incorporate all the consequences of deleting activities or resources IT a test File 15 to be prepared for a nroject identical to another one except for having fewer resources on activities the test file for the reduced project would be difficult to prepare by editing of the old file or example if one resource is deleted all references to that reepouece Dy any activities that consume it must also be deleted As another example if an activity is removed all
35. formation resource codes names cdescriptians t E varaner patch options and availability constraints activity information activity dk ml numbers names descriptions duratian cansumptian relations er ere err aha ann mann BREE ra arc LEE EI scheduled durations if provided as datas activity tired start times if provided as data and precedences SARA Uses a three step process to enter data into tne ii sy ei TFT desk bhe test file must be created by the weer in p av 7 3 1 torunat shown in Daragnmapgh reet tho LT This text fiie must not contain any special ASCII control codes such as those inserted by most Word PRPOCeSSors a The test file should be created using tne line editor HOLIN that comes with DOS om a word processorn mode chat creates stmaight ASCII a DP n BH awk such as Worcdstar s non cocument mode The second step is to convert the text data file inco binary Form that is readable by SARA This is accomplished bw selecting Patch data modell From SARATS main entry screen When in thea batch data mode the text File can be loaded inte memory via option 1 and saved back to disk in binarny form via option 23 The third step is to Open the Binary File via option 4 the Main entry Screen After this 16s done your data is in en and ready to use The Batch Lata Mode is a separate facility fom dealing with nateh data w
36. ggestions by selecting the QUU commanc To ald the user in making Fix and unfix decisions the i3antt chart screen shows many infoemative items Positive and negative slack indicators Resource conflict graphs Fesourize ronsumnption Zavailability profile Tine and resource infeasibility numbers A positive slack indicator is a dotted line extending to the left om right of an activity bar that shows how far the activity could be moved to the might ar left tby start time fixing or other scheduling acts without causing time inteasibility Thus for example if an activity could be scheduled latem without pushing its successors beyond the due date a positive slack indicator will be shown to its might A negative slack indicator is a solid line extending to the fh right ar left of an activity bar that shows how far the activity needs to be moved to the right or lert to restore time feasibility For example if an activity s start time is fixed N pericods before the next period after its predecesesor s Finish time a negative slack indicator will extend M periods to the right Negative slack indicators are often useful in scheduling to a due date because every activity whose finish time is inconsistent with meeting the due date will have negative slack indicated to ite left The three character codes for all resources are listed to the upper left of the Gantt chart screen Selecting one of theses PeSOLUCC es ganges the
37. ithout causing the user to have to exit and re enter SARA The batch Data Mode is controlled under SARA but does not share data with it One of the consequences of the separateci Structure is that the user can work in the Batch Data Made with ootn batch and binary files yet go back to SARA proper without having changed the active binary file another consequence conversely is that saving a binary file in the patch screen does not make it BARA S active binary File zc the user must perform the Open a Binary File option on the Main Entry Screen even id L F 1 i TUNE dao ye YU eode el vr the Minaey cata Nes gust been prepared in the Catch Data Mote The Gatch Data Mode provides a romputer supported way revising ai batch test data file to reflect the potentially confusing and complex changes that occur in deleting activities D nn oe a Adi other project data changes are made by the Weer directly oy editing of the batch text data file H i Tau x B MEN T oy coat Tiat ua ju eq En a t partc pet Jata fr orUNat ne bad am ct sna A ATP RPPPRARAA RAP a PENAT ARAS QT Pere m batch tex sb in Five Genaral ar Prenar mmepata OLET Gal cm ov n r mann ae iJ sl G4 CF ca rU P avv ME COU CGS G m j P pet M es px eu xad RA Post iy Fur th EBRD J Activity a E i reta Beene ang nada t data file contains a variable number of Lines ed areas groups of lines
38. ity is complete then the activity should be redefined or broken into two cae mare ackivihies SARA performs scheduling and resource allocation rar a project whose methods of accomplishment are already expressed Dy tne work breakdown So PH d seit a e RENE SE Lene LOnstrained hesourcges Multiple constrained resources are handled by BARA this is SARAS distinction from other CRP software packages SARA 19S an appropriate tool for planning a project in which one om more resources have limited availabilities sa that the project cannot be completed as fast as if infinite resources were available f very simple example will show how resource canstraints il WOKE a If you look at a college catalog while planning the I project of earning a degree each course is an activity Theres arme pmecgcdaenzciess one gob se requires other courses as in L er y prerequisites The longest prerequisite string critical path 15 nO more khan Five rn six courses long Why then does it Lake a student at least twelve semesters to earn a degree The reason OF course 15 that the student s time is a constrained 3 M s ae nib ad add LU TT tee M E NM cod ordo Nad Fg SOLIS If course load of no more than fifteen credit hours were allowed than not every course could be taken immediately after ite prerequisites RFart time work could constitute other activities and money could constitute an additional resource Whereas non resourc
39. iu iT il ins i all screens except Schedule Mode Chasen file does not exist reenter file name Often caused by neglecting the Pa PAT or a TATU extension to an otherwise valid file name To view all valid file names it is necessary to exit fram SARA into OS Chosen file already exists choose another file name SARA prevents writing over any file except the default file name m in the batch data file for project Mewly chosen name exists choose another file name same as above No active tile to modify select a file before editing A file must be loaded before any other work can be done There are no activities to schedule in schedule mode etter oe di ear ee 5 SARA cannot operate on a File with no activities The nok fe changed without an active loaded before any other work can oe cone och description can A file must be BHO IL in ur d Ri ba Hj a Lu Batch Data Plocle The batch data file has an error on or before iine N This message identifies the first line at which a discrepancy wa detected Common Causes The general area ot the batch test fi has the wrong mumber of lines the project description must oocupy two lines and there are two extra lines if the calendar choice is workrclay The resource area nas the wrong number of lines after each resource code and name there are exactly thre lines before the availability segments The ENG OF RESOURCES
40. nterpolation result to approximate scale z 5 Desired Start and Linish limes P Mee E deve C sean deportes 4 testatur da M apeere ree BARA measures time internally in working periods which most commonly represent working days The sarilest representable time ns which provides a left ow Jesired start time Er AE T Fa ji n rr m B JD reference point for time scaling If the user does not fix the start times of activities all activities that have are not serialized explained in assor and that paragraph L 5 and 1 2 6 to follow other activities will start at TS which is known internaiiy as period i and externally ejther as a date or by a period number according to the calendar option chooser Mines are relative to 15 That is if an activity nas Fixed start date fr say 15 Aug 1958 represented in SARA as j LIE then if DS is changed the fixed start date will also I Amount mean pon automatically changed by the equivalent date rar the finished time is a due date JF the desined gt oro ject a It too is relative to On Time contlict is define tco occum to the extent that the project misses DE and or violates precedence requirements and or semializations t hime feasible sohedule has no time conflicts ma na UN te Ss ems te 1 van Frecedences and Serialization Ree QN ACA es I le is LE z ui A precedence specified in input data and
41. ntt chart at once Te time boundaries an the schedule start and the display end in the Lines warne Fr kara The resource conflict graphs availability profile use space un chart aso the user may want to graphs or the profile in order to The user may also want to adjust t Now many activities are ro m E st 4 Der E LE a E positive anc O and finish ME If the WOREDAT option Finish what cat esci g ern zc ITE LE w e iminate elatk are negative delay the desired start date times aor may gesinne to make identify the most critical tm sa icator Limes select Get desired efr eon TF the NORMAL calendar times as integers ar NORMAL is in Frect gm Sam section 1 4 5 times are network data that span Of periods wiil be shown time boundaries ae peck Set menu and enter the displav mannar AS start and finish and the resource consumotion s at the bottom of the Gantt unnecessarv conflict Bee more activities at ome time he Screen movement constant to Lieg on or off the screen hy the UF and DWN commands To bring N activities into view that are presentiy below the screen select the UF command To bring into view M activities above the Gantt chart select the OWN commana Moise The screen movement constant which can be changed from its default value oF Four by selecting EXIT command to go to the schedule screen and
42. ny one time om any programmer in the shifts numbered z2 through 42 and would show resource infeasibility for pna if a schedule proposed to use more than BSS programmer shifts of effort in any one of the defined 2i shift cycles m o oy or legat Consumption and Duration The consumption of each resource by gach activity depends on the activitv s duration Each activity has three key durations caliied PMINimum NOPinal and MAXimun dumat Lon a They can all bs equal om NOM can equal either MIN om MAX or they can be three distinct durations of course MAXSNOPRGEMIN For each of an activity s key durations there is a corresponding key consumption of each resource that the activity C On mess Mey durations and consumptions are provided as data During scheduling when any other dueation between MIN and MAX is tried SARA interpolates consumptions according ta a hvperbolic intempoletion function In this way the data reduiremeants are held to a reasonable volume vet it is possible to consider ail Feasible durations instead of just three The nyperbolic interpolation function which is explained in more detail in Section 6 5 is based on a semiempirical model which assumes three components of resource consumption an intrinsic work content independent of duration an extra content poroporntioned to the rate of resource usages and an extra content tape pa praportioned
43. obligue asymptote y 10 x and a center of 2 1295 Figure hamei shows the relationship of total effort y in man days of programming end supervision to job duration for durations from 3 ho 10 days We see both from the scenario statement saa Plus 2 man cdavs md ev ot familiarization work by each and from Equation 41 Z x denominator that the meaningtul domain is cw 8 x For x ZZ un nothing but familiarization work would be done and Equation 3 would yielded the lower branch of the hyperbola The duration x that minimizes efrforh can be found in the region x gt y by setting dy dx G in Equation Ta mro fy MG clays Giving the minimal effort y 234 79750 man days The consumption rate of manpower can be defined as vx which has units of man days per day and simply represents the numbem otf programmens and Supervisors ln terms of the rate z Equatioan becomes z c 10 xd te 2 CA This formula defines a right hyperbola with a vertical asymptote ou a horizantal asymptote z 1 and a center to focus distance of 4641 Figure alive shows the relationship of consumption mate number of people to job duration The simpiicity of Eqgquatian 3 om 4 as a model of the comsumptionzdunmation relationship given in the above scenario brings up the possibility of a more general form of the model Faraneterisation of Equations 2 3 and 4 gives the following equations Pow E ul P yom c
44. or as Ways ot mar ne point of view of the user in the multipie constm ainecd rm is designed most scheduling So that they can be 54 For example a string of to keen them from consuming t Converting MEGLE MN an forcerr Ca Uo to five plans can be saved for a project See purposes in performing BSOUrCe environment rar activitiss may be p constraints to time by KARA S scheduling HE activities gan DE he same resources at th ra start time may be fired at a time that if later accivitwv s at the exact time they are plenti ud gt Qn early shark time SO That 1 gurat ion changed to conserve eesources aor to exploit a high v rcgem a short timsgespsan ePore the user does any scheduling defauit and lahelecd as Flan that obeya all Les A scheduling it can he sadel khe user takes care oF pesournc theme i9 one plan lg This is the early preceadences but gnore ER LEP eS i Ton as EM SM 4M UU zv de S i xx uas oim ni per pu tnat SARA takes care mi SOS That is SARA plains about resource conrlicts but ignores them in computing the schedule which is computed on the basis of starting each activity as early as possible while obeying all pmecedences and quasi prececdences obeying all fixed start times whether from the data are from a Dlan Specific user adjusted start time and using the scheduled durakions specified in data Gr oy plan epecificd user adjusted dura
45. ows The body of the report lists each resources availability and consumption data and th consumption mates oy each activity of that resource LI UA T 4 7 ma ge T t ET e qun d Ix z AEN EC e Gantt Chart Report ruat Peet n t Fate emer s mra PE es isis eth ot ae rua SEEN mepa mb EE ert rere Ta prepare a Gantt chart report select Gantt chart report on khe report ment The Gantt chart consists of a time scale bar chart lf an activity is critical its har is represented as a string af equal signs s Non cmitical activities bars are shown as a string Qr esses 5 Serial period numbers are given at the bottom of the chart and period codes are given at the top E o uad The Resource Chart Report a ba pene i 1 H i H H it H 1 H i i 1 i i To generate a mesource chart select Resonmce chart report on the menoo ot menu The resource chart is a timescale display showing each resource and its availability consumption surplus and de fenciency in each time period t r H t au Report Generation and fontrol ver Any number of reports can be generated fram SARA without leaving report mode After each selection there is a wait while SARA performs the necessary calculations and stores the mesultz It is a good idea to put reports for the same plan together though a series of reports from different plans can be created by loading a new plan in between report selections
46. rantght ASCII text file without any special control codes e q the DOS EDLIN editor is used the user gets into the SARA accessible directory ang entep ERHLIN filename TXT where filename is replaced by the filename under which the user desires this project batch test data to reside Then the user creates the batch vata File format given in section 3 1 ine fFiest line of hg Fi lenan a LAT According to the the file should to provide a cderault name for the binary file that will Ge prepared later Caltheugh the user wiil be able name whem saving the Dinary file 11 When the text tile appears to be correct editor in such a way that the batoh file is saved uncer T Lernane TXT mam With EDLIM Ene E commanil Chapter liz of the Zenith Z 120 manual for EDLIN The nest step i5 to invoke SARA go to the pocas m E TOS to chance that the WwSer ayits the Di Es im iy dnes this seo cecumsontatiaon Tea vci Gat i ID select the Load batch data option to retrieve the batch tert data r t ile from disk and convert it to computer memory form then select the Save binary data option to convert the data from computer memory to SARA usable binary form It error messages are received in response to the save attempt the nest peed skep is to go back to mMgS LO0S select Return to entry then aon 3 the entry screen select End session invoke the editor
47. rom which the report was prepared i S T 23 E i h Le ved A ALE areka Seran en Gi aeEUS troar s T i edule d i H 1 fr To create a schedule table report select Schedule table report on the report menu he first line of the report will be the general title TSeACTIViITY SCHEDULE REPORT followed by the filename of the open binary file The specific plan number is not given The two line description of the project as defined in the batch file comes nest The body of the report lists each activity and the FOlLOWInNg informakions its scheduled start finish and durations its scheduled consumption of each consumed resource including its total consumption and the rate of consumption at the sohedulec duration and the key data MIN NOP and MAX durations and the total consumption of each consumed resource at each of these dumations lf an activity is critical has zero om negative slack it will have a creit tag to the might of 109 name The rest of the report contains the general pmrececendgceus a list of each activity s predecessors and quasi ORES OMS rA To generate a cesource table report select Resource table report on the report menu The first line of the report contains the title RESOURDE t ed SCHEDULE KREFORT and the name of the binary file From which it WAS prepared The specific plan memben is not iistecd ihe tuo line description of the ormject foll
48. t Files Will be maintained for each version Since File names are it 3 4 aan limited to eight characters plus a three character extension is difficult to create a series of related namasa The user may wish to use extensions such ag TX1 TXZ etc For batch test Files and extensions HAL JOA etc For the corresponding binary files Un mh S e Cu es Bt P Sen r t t usn FOGVISIOD oF CO lect Mata Ment dta HE aurai el Retell amp Haa R44 TE nai H o mam tam ya Hm nh hoe lama nyama wan eden ven asas aar vr wa mea Froject data which can be expressed in the batch text file includes all data except plan specific data Flan senmnecific date includes only fixed start times serialization guasi precedences and Fixed durations A maximum of Five sets of plan specific data can be saved in a binary file as five plans ses section 34 1 Orten however scheduling points out the need for more I espoumces or a different work breakdown definitions of activities Such changes are more profound and must pe sup redsecd as different versions of the project rather than simply as different plans To make such changes decide an a name for the revised project decide on a name For the binary file of the revised project edit the binary file name and other changes into the batch test filer change the name of the batch test files use the special utilities for deleting resources ane activities if necessary gave the
49. ta Save batch data Save binary data Delete reesources Return to entry Delete activities m Mena Items on Schedule Screen 1 Load plan 23 Gave olan 2 Semialize activities 4 Bet time boundaries 22 Set desired start and finish e Schedule 7 Set screen movement constant m Exit to entry screen MEINER J E ams z on Report Sereen hepoct screen load pian Schedule table report rof i le v 23 Resource table report I mr eet RP ue Gantt chart Resource chart M Exit bo entry screen Plin at i
50. th any traditianai have the same project data key activity durations Function of activity durations Fie kho ror any activities Tob all m EG STANS me nam s and or Fixed durations in the a 2 1 aa grr ema ar Usually nowewvem these to plan Within the scope allowed by the project data different plans represent different approaches to seeking a petter s hedule For exxampie it may be wise to hurry up an activity so as to take advantage of a briefly plentiful availability of the resouicces it cansumes on the other hand it may be wise instead hoa try giving the same activity a tong duration so as to use only a small amount of a Scarce resource at any one time TO express various strategies and obtain various plans the user has three scheduiing actions avallable in SARA start time MOM Fixing 4 2 1 duration fising 42 2 and serialization Before the user can schedule in SARA there must be an aching iT ackive plan In none iz active ane must be Loading oy sel Load pian on the schedule screen and giving the integer number or tne desired plan from 1 to 3 Once the available scheduling actions have been used to the user s satisfaction the completed plan can be saved by selecting Save plan on the schedule screen And entering an ankeder in response to the SAVE WHICH FLAN prompt The prompt includes a List of all existing plans IF the number will be replaced Dy the
51. the activities that consume that particular resource and are ongoing during ail pr pat or the cycle This summed consumption iz what SARA compares with availability to determines the excess consumption resgurce conflict ot each resource for each cycle LE a schedule nas no resource conflicts it is said to be resource LM NN AI EJ IG LM Al Xv ir nr Hu u 1 g3 i Availability segments are data that specify the amount of resource available per cycle Each segment is a number pairi an inteqer giving the serial number of the first cycle in which the avallability is a certain amount and a real number giving the amount For example if r t eriods represent zhitts and the cycle length for FRG is one period then the availability segments DE would specify that 35 progqrammer snifts i e man days of Druogranmmer efronmnt are available per shift for the first zl shifts then none for the next 21 shifts then 33 again for the Sor and subsequent ahi tta Ae another example af the cycie length for neg Ca resource code distinct From FRG as gi shifts the availaniiityv segment would specify that beginning with the first zi shitt cycle only rz u 35 progranmer snifts are available per zl shift cycle The r afrect of defining SARA resources FRU and peg and giving them these availabilities is that SARA would show resource inifeasibility for PRG if a schedule proposed to use more than My cO programmens at a
52. the second would not give a unique code Thus March and May are MR and MY and une and wJuiv Are JN and Jil January is JA since nog other month starts with wl eel Frograms al The SARA ser for the entry ELSSER NN Ewe For report There are six Eserutables TE AAA RAF File which DITRASE DAT a ep OR ary en pengdix frasa Ce eon ANSER RT i reacgiuired 19 to SAR as GPL ET fer tus eee EN Fa TT 155 GLATT 6 Girechoey contal select Ene COTS LUE 631 u 1d Lao ey et em sereen FE generator PENT Ea PIN ER ci an trans Fr empor ary data ri lea ebhsrm rc CODY roc SAT aciumentaticon m is comprised of ten arate programs ans zeper CERNTRT EXES one For batch data entry gg qe srheduling SCHEDULE EXE SCHECR EXE i S1 EXE Qia EXE ML EXE File na yn addition to these a piep t eV apes BARGA BAT the batch file original form oF the actual batch mens Control to the various programs data fides GITFASE RE second m and G3 DTRPASE RE A temporary menpoart 7 IBCesSsary Program ig a editor ntains all the preparam documentation Or 2 SARA om a 100 Microcomputer all tmpat the three pmogrmam disks onto a hard disk Willi not mun on a mereiy Floppy gisk System and Exit SARA session type SARA arte moving to Ene ining ali the SARA executabie files To exit on the emirs Or turn aff the re ed
53. then Set sareen movement constant Then enter a new integer number of lines and return to the Gantt chart by selecting Schedule The user may also desire to change the screen sequence of activities so that the set of activities currently displayed are those currently af interest To do this setect Change screen Sequence of activities on the schedule screen The lisk of activity names and numbers will be disolaved Achkivahe an activity and select another activity The active activity will now be after the selected activity The list of activities is rewritten showing the new orcers this order will be the one on the Gantt chart The coecsar is left at the new location of the previously active activity and no activity is active This can be repeated as desired This input protocol obeys the metaphor u put this one after this ons fhe PG 2 GARA Reports Reports can be prepared for a project descminec py an open binary file by user selection or Report mode on the entry screen Rach set of reports covers one specific plan schecdule Therefore upon entering the report screen select Load plan and enter the number of the desired plan Four reports are available a schedule table report resouecce table report Gantt chamb report and resdaurce chant riopomnmt When a report is created SARA computes the report data and appends it to a file of name Filename RET where Filename GAT 15 the name of the binary rile F
54. tions Because SARA has no sontrol over fixed start times and the project dus date Cli cannot Totally enforce time Foeasibciiitws it complains about any kame contlicvus Foree upon it Time sonflicts are displaved in the form of negative sjark lines solid lines on the Gantt Chart which extent to the icft far right or achivity Dar to indicete how fare the activity s start or Finish times would need to be altered to achieve timc feasibility Thus here are For sGcxampie negative slack lines to the lett of critical activities when the schedule extends beyond the project due date TF Positive slark lines fookted Lines are aiso shown to indicate how Far an activity could be delayed without causing time infoeazibility ee i c Hardware ans Sortware Limitge Famcdwuanmes SARA requires a 100 military standard micreo computemnm with a hard disk 640K of menory and screen graphics Goftwanes m plan with up to seventy five activities and Sixteen resources can be scheduled on SARA There can be a masiman total ot 150 precedences and 150 serLlalizations The specirtisd schedule cannot last form over 104 time periods twa calendar years if the periods are defined as weeks There iz plenty oF room For pesouece availabilities and code weight pains zc the user sh uld never encounter any problems with these congtrmantas File names can be up to eight alphanumeric characters the First cnaracter must be a letter
55. tle vests with Sponsor Houever no equipment is proposed COMMENTS This determination from SOW paragraph 3 0 Deliverables COPIES TO SPONSOR S I D NO Project Director Procurement GTRI Supply Services GTRC Research Administrative Network Research Security Services Library Research Property Management Reports Coordinator OCA Project File Accounting Reseerch Communications 2 Other A Jones GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION SPONSORED PROJECT TERMINATION CLOSEOUT SHEET S Og 3 X Date November 20 1987 Project No E 24 609 School BabX ISyE Includes Subproject No s N A Project Director p D B Young GTRC XXX Sponsor Defense Supply Service Washington DC 20310 Title Automated Project Management System for 120 microcomputer Effective Completion Date 1 15 86 Performance Reports Grant Contract Closeout Actions Remaining Fixed price P O None Final Invoice or Final Fiscal Report Closing Documents Final Report of Inventions Govt Property Inventory amp Related Certificate Classified Material Certificate Other UM UUUUU bl Continues Project No Continued by Project No COPIES TO Project Director Library Research Administrative Network GTRC Research Property Management Research Communications 2 Accounting Project File Procurement GTRI Supply Services Other Hutchison Research Security Services Embry Reports Coordinator
56. to the curation The interpolation formula is where x is the duration v 15 khe consumption totai consumption eee a TE t of the resource by the activity and the constants ley u D 4 idee rr are computed so that the curve passes through the three key duration cansunption points The activity is assumed to consume Zsy s unite per period within its duration As an example of hyperbolic interpolation consider an activity that can be accomplished by workers as follows mere bet tabet bmm teman bad Poe Rube cuenta reenere d FR OM mane prind Ehan E km Gr F ANT FE Eaa ta y F R PE TETT PES G TE DEAN FELTETTT DE TREN ET LUT B NN ADD OG varr SPENNE mrret ET AOE mene D Pista iiim metido ibidem eene LL RIT ner tp en bree eee ERY zean guration x conmeumption T consumption rate zsy u NN EE TT a TE TET et dd in dd MER l nem L7O vor k er hie LO workers I etm aO gwointken ne OS workers 133 E Eak EBOR HAX Le pe VOU woe kere mie AG OT ism Foe this example assuming periode represent hours the user wouid input 17 50 and 100 as the key durations and 170 18 and SOC as the corresponding key cansumptions The computer would calculate the constants Then if the user were to try a duration of For example 50 hours the interpolation routine m Fi 1 LI would compute a corresponding consumption of Lav Ze w rmnmiem hrn Ga 1576 workers The sketch belas shows the i
57. ween uppercase and lowercase letters they would be distinct even without thie i1 and in the names lane Re gives a 45 cnaracter desciption of the resource Ros gives the integer period number om the calendar date in which the first availability cycle begins Avatlability 19 zero before this Examples 2 for the second period or AMYES 7 for the workday nearest May 4 1727 Line R gives the integer availability cycle length in Heriocds Examples 5 For availability in S period cycles t b Laine R cives an availability segment consisting or an intedgenm and a meal number senerated by one blank ine integer gives a cycle number Cexamplez Z for starting in the second iycls The real number gives the maximum number of units ot resource allowed to be consumed per cycle from the given cycle Qnia Any number of lines RS can be included to collectively define the stepwise availability function Exampies two lines 1 ds EL Ln 20 and G 123 23 indicate that the availability of the resource is thirty in the first four cycles and 15 45 in subsequent cycles Lines Ri thmough RS are given for each resource after the last R line for the last resource there is an mat ZND OF RESOURCES line containing the exact sixteen characters ENDL 3 4 T tS OF RESOURCES in uppercase letters with two internal blanks Line Al gives a serial activity number a colon and a 15 character mame Activities must be mumndbered seriall
58. workers paid at rate 27 15 per period then the lines TRE RES 13 725 and SKEI REX c i would express this RES and RES could themselves he a e indirect Pesoueces After the last I1 line there is an END OF COLE WEIGHTS Line conkaining the exact nineteen characters END DF CODE WEIGHTS in t 5 uppercase letters with three internal olanks ic oc for sach activity whose start time is to E Line Fl one fixed in the data contain the activity serial number tan integer a blank and the date or period number in which the activity is to start The ENG OF FIXES line all uppercase with single blanks between words signifies the end of the fix area or the rile Lines Pi one for each prmecdecesson successon relationship between activities each consist of two integers seperated hy a single blanks the first integer ie the activity number of the nreaderessor and the second integer is the activity number of the Le SEs t LUN H a IUS Q sm ooh etn T um ve a m WE Uem uu val PON cac How to Create and Revise Hatch fateh Pata anabanampnens enap vi pP me anra aas part sett na eet me cA ARA v PA dn at adco a qaceceamast cqui meth v r vet dradd a a f am aanert med it rn en 0 san mas cada aaa ger mach anta Winger Pee pE the user can create a test Fi le using any available editor or word processorn in a mode that creates a n Wordstar in nan document mode For example if t
59. y From i so the first instance of line Al must start with 1 the second with QU atas Line Az gives a 45 character description of the activity Line A3 gives the three key durations MIN NOM and MAX as integers seperated by single blanks and optionally a fied duration for the activity The default scheduled curation is FE For example the enrty Z 3 10 7 sets the minimum duration of the activity at periods the nominal at 3 the maximum at 1 23 and the scheduled curation at 7 Lines A4 one for sach resource that the activity consumes gives the key consumptions of the resource as three real numbers For example the entry 10 amp 7 specifies that the activity consumes 10 units if done in its minimum duration X units for NOM durat iaon ov 7 units for MAX For other durations SARA will interpolate consunmptions whenever the duration is changed Further sets of lines Al A4 are entered For Further activities The END OF ACTIVITIES line ali uppercase with single blanks seperating words signifies the end of the activity area of the file Line Ii gives the code of an indirectly consumed resource a blank the code of one of its consumers and its consumption factom The consumption factor is a positive number of up to 7 digits expressed with a decimal point in up to characters Form example if REL represents wages RES represents workers paid at pate 123 758 per period and RES represents
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