Atmel AVR2162: REB233SMAD - Hardware User Manual
Contents
1. cceccceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 23 B1 United States FOC ana sigeenspsatedadeeucsssaseasteetssieameessete 23 B2 top ET SN ANG amn Kap ensues 24 B23 ele EE 24 8 Reierences AAA 25 9 Revision history REB233SMAD PDCHRA 26 10 EVALUATION BOARD KIT IMPORTANT NOTE 27 Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 2 42006B AVR 07 2012 1 Disclaimer Typical values contained in this application note are based on simulations and testing of individual examples Any information about third party materials or parts was included in this document for convenience The vendor may have changed the information that has been published Check the individual vendor information for the latest changes 2 Overview The radio extender board is assembled with an Atmel AT86RF233 radio transceiver 1 and equipped with two SMA connectors to support antenna diversity External antennas can be connected to the SMA ports as well as RF measurement equipment for performance evaluation of the radio transceiver The radio transceiver is able to switch between these two antenna ports to select the best receiving path in harsh multipath environments The radio extender board was designed to interface to the Atmel microcontroller development or evaluation platforms for example Atmel STK 500 The microcontroller platform in combination with the REB provides an ideal way to e Evaluate the outstanding radio transceiv2. In case of a direct paddle connection impedances of the paddle ground vias could cause a small voltage drop for this noise and may result in an increased noise level transferred to the analog domain There is a number of pro s and con s when it comes to the shielding topic The major con s are e Cost of the shield e Manufacturing effort e naccessibility for test and repair The number of pro s might be longer but the cost argument is often very strong However the reasons to add the shield for this reference design are e Shield is required for a certification in Japan e Shield is recommended for FCC certification in North America e Increased performance Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 13 42006B AVR 07 2012 4 6 Figure 4 6 Board layout GND and shield 8 ek Besides the function to provide supply ground to the individual parts the ground plane has to be considered as a counterpart for the antenna Such an antenna base plate is required to achieve full antenna performance It has to be a continuous sustained metal plate for that purpose The shield covering the electronic section will help to form this antenna base plate For that reason any unused surface should be filled with a copper plane and connected to the other ground side using sufficient through hole contacts Larger copper areas should also be connected to the other side layer with a grid of v
3. 0030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 F5 06 2 ee eee eee eens 0040 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF sesssesesssessss 0050 FF FF SE EF FE FF EF FE FE FP FE FE FE FE FE PP shh ee eh eke ender 0060 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF e 0070 FF FE FF SE FE FF SE FE FF EF SE FE SE FEF FF EF tee eee eee Supply current sensing A jumper JP1 is placed in the supply voltage trace to offer an easy way for current sensing The current consumption of all circuitry connected to the supply domains DEVDD EVDD such as AT86RF233 and AT25010B can be measured by connecting an ampere meter instead of the jumper bridge JP1 see Figure 3 4 on page 8 The power supply pins of the radio transceiver are protected against overvoltage stress and reverse polarity at the X1 connector pins net CVTG net DGND using a Zener diode D1 and a thermal fuse F1 see Appendix A This is required because the Atmel STK500 will provide 5V as default voltage and the board can also be mounted with reverse polarity Depending on the actual supply voltage the diode D1 can consume several milliamperes This has to be considered when the current consumption of the whole system is measured In such a case D1 should be removed from the board To achieve the best RF performance the analog EVDD and digital DEVDD supply are separated from each other by a CLC PI filter Digital and analog ground planes are connected together on th
4. No Parameter Condition Minimum Typical Maximum Unit over 100ms 7 4 1 TX Duty Cycle OQPSK 31 MERRER IEEE802 15 4 channel 26 S Note 1 To ensure FCC compliant operation for the OQPSK operating mode in IEEE802 51 4 channel 26 the TX duty cycle has to be equal or below the specified maximum value under normal and extreme conditions The duty cycle for other channels is not restricted For DCSS operation the maximum limit is 3 at frequency 2 481GHz For further details refer to VNR E33SD X5B 00 FCC test report 7 Abbreviations 802 15 4 IEEE 802 15 4 standard applicable to low rate wireless Personal Area Network AD Antenna diversity AES Advanced encryption standard BB Baseband CBB REB CBB Controller base board CRC Cyclic redundancy check ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EVM Error Vector Magnitude FCC Federal Communications Commission ISM Industrial scientific and medical frequency band LNA Low noise amplifier MAC Medium access control NWA Network analyzer PA Power amplifier PER Packet error rate R amp TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive of the European Union REB Radio extender board RF Radio frequency RX Receiver 11 Input port voltage reflection coefficient one of the scattering S parameters describes the input matching to the reference system 50 or 75 Ohms SMA Sub miniature A connecti
5. Atmel Munich GmbH Atmel Japan G K 1600 Technology Drive Unit 01 5 amp 16 19F Business Campus 16F Shin Osaki Kangyo Bldg San Jose CA 95110 BEA Tower Millennium City 5 Parkring 4 1 6 4 Osaki Shinagawa ku USA 418 Kwun Tong Road D 85748 Garching b Munich Tokyo 141 0032 Tel 1 408 441 0311 Kwun Tong Kowloon GERMANY JAPAN Fax 1 408 487 2600 HONG KONG Tel 49 89 31970 0 Tel 81 3 6417 0300 www atmel com Tel 852 2245 6100 Fax 49 89 3194621 Fax 81 3 6417 0370 Fax 852 2722 1369 2012 Atmel Corporation All rights reserved Rev 42006B AVR 07 2012 Atmel Atmel logo and combinations thereof Enabling Unlimited Possibilities AVR STK and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others Disclaimer The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products No license express or implied by estoppel or otherwise to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE ATMEL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALES LOCATED ON THE ATMEL WEBSITE ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE
6. C33 C34 Capacitor 0402A Murata 100n C39 6 C11 C12 C24 C25 C28 Capacitor 0402A Kyovera elco 22pF C29 1 C40 Capacitor 0402A Murata 2 2pF 1 C23 Capacitor 0402A Generic GOG 1 2pF 1 B1 Balun 0805 6 2450FB15L0001E JTI Johanson 2 4GHz Filtered Balun Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 22 42006B AVR 07 2012 Appendix B Radio certification The wireless radio node consisting of 1 Radio Extender Board REB233SMAD as described in this application note assembled with 2 Two 2 4GHz Omni Rubber Antennas M35 S 9 mounted on a 3 RER Controller Base Board REB CBB 2 which hosts an application firmware available with 4 Atmel AVR2025 IEEE 802 15 4 MAC Software Package 10 has received regulatory approvals for modular devices in the United States and European countries The wireless node is shown in Figure 2 1 B 1 United States FCC Compliance Statement Part 15 19 The device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules To fulfill FCC Certification requirements an Original Equipment Manufacturer OEM must comply with the following regulations e The modular transmitter must be labeled with its own FCC ID number and if the FCC ID is not visible when the module is installed inside another device the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the enclosed module e This exterior label can use wording such as t
7. requires optimization to minimize external interference and to keep any radiation of 16MHz harmonics low Since the board design incorporates a shield the crystal housing has been tied hard to ground This method will minimize the influence of external impairments such as burst and surge To prevent crosstalk the crystal is encircled by a ring of ground traces and vias Special care has to be taken in the area between the IRQ line and the crystal Depending on the configuration the interrupt may be activated during a frame receive Crosstalk into the crystal lines would increase the phase noise and therefore reduce the signal to noise ratio Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 11 42006B AVR 07 2012 Figure 4 4 Board layout XTAL section 4 4 The reference crystal and its load capacitors C37 38 form the resonator circuit These capacitors are to be placed close to the crystal The ground connection in between the capacitors should be a solid copper area right underneath the crystal including the housing contacts PCB detail 4 transceiver analog GND routing With the Atmel AT86RF233 consider pins 3 6 27 30 31 and 32 as analog ground pins Pin 7 is an exception and can be connected to the central paddle like the other analog ground pins Analog ground pins are to be routed to the paddle underneath the IC The trace width has to be similar to the pad width when connecting the pads and in
8. with some or any technical or legal requirements that are applicable to finished products including without limitation directives regarding electromagnetic compatibility recycling WEEE FCC CE or UL except as may be otherwise noted on the board kit Atmel supplied this board kit AS IS without any warranties with all faults at the buyer s and further users sole risk The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods Further the user indemnifies Atmel from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods Due to the open construction of the product it is the user s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge and any other technical or legal concerns EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE NEITHER USER NOR ATMEL SHALL BE LIABLE TO EACH OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of Atmel covering or relating to any machine process or combination in which such Atmel products or services might be or are used Mailing Address Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose CA 95131 Copyright 2012 Atmel Corporation Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 27 42006B AVR 07 2012 Atmel Enabling Unlimited Possibilities Atmel Corporation Atmel Asia Limited
9. 02 15 4 2006 Wireless Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks LR WPANs FCC Code of Federal Register CFR Part 47 Section 15 35 Section 15 205 Section 15 209 Section 15 232 Section 15 247 and Section 15 249 United States ETSI EN 300 328 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters ERM Wideband Transmission Systems Data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques Part 1 3 ARIB STD T66 Second Generation Low Power Data Communication System Wireless LAN System 1999 12 14 H11 12 14 Version 1 0 M35 S Swivel SMA Male antenna for 2 4GHz Technical specification http www tekfun com tw product php mode show amp cid 28 amp pid 255 TEKFUN CO LTD 10 Atmel AVR2025 IEEE 802 15 4 MAC Software Package User Guide Application Note doc no 8412 Atmel Corporation Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 25 42006B AVR 07 2012 9 Revision history REB233SMAD PCBA Version Description A09 1303 01 Initial revision Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 26 42006B AVR 07 2012 10 EVALUATION BOARD KIT IMPORTANT NOTICE This evaluation board kit is intended for use for FURTHER ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY It is not a finished product and may not yet comply
10. 8 Serial number uint64 Board serial number little endian byte order 0x10 Board family uint8 Internal board family identifier 0x11 Revision uint8 3 Board revision number Board features coded into seven bits 7 Reserved 6 Reserved 5 External LNA 0x14 Feature uint8 4 External PA 3 Reserved 2 Diversity 1 Antenna 0 SMA connector Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 6 42006B AVR 07 2012 3 3 Note Address Name Type Description 0x15 Cal OSC 16MHz uint8 RF233 XTAL calibration value register XTAL_TRIM Atmel ATmega1281 internal RC oscillator calibration value 0x16 Cal RC 3 6V uint8 BV register OSCCAL Atmel ATmega1281 internal RC oscillator calibration value 0x17 Cal RC 2 0V ulnt8 2 0v register OSCCAL Antenna gain resolution 1 10dBi 0x418 Anea intg For example 15 will indicate a gain EE l The values 00h and FFh are per definition invalid Zero or 0 1dBi has to be indicated as 01h or FEN 0x20 Board name Char 30 Textual board description Ox3E CRC Uint16 16 bit CRC checksum standard ITU T generator polynomial l G16 x xe x x 41 Figure 3 3 Example EEPROM dump EEPROM dump 0000 8F 5C 17 FF FF 25 04 00 70 02 00 00 40 00 00 00 Ana Buea a Gees 0010 00 08 01 00 05 04 A9 AA 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF wwe eee eee eee eens 0020 52 45 42 32 33 33 53 4D 41 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 REB233SMAD
11. FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT CONSEQUENTIAL PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS AND PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF INFORMATION ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and products descriptions at any time without notice Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein Unless specifically provided otherwise Atmel products are not suitable for and shall not be used in automotive applications Atmel products are not intended authorized or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing Inventory Delivery amp Lifecycle Information Atmel ATREB233SMAD EK
12. PPLICATION NOTE 16 42006B AVR 07 2012 Figure 5 1 Mechanical outline dimensions in mm LABEL1 PCBA LABEL x3 C15 an 2 C3 e Atmega644 route Le lt Atmegal281 route ofa U Table 5 1 RED233SMAD mechanical dimensions Dimension Value Width x 57mm Width y 61mm 6 Electrical characteristics 6 1 Absolute maximum ratings Stresses beyond the values listed in Table 6 1 may cause permanent damage to the board This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this manual are not implied Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability For more details about these parameters refer to individual datasheets of the components used Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 17 Atmel 42006B AVR 07 2012 Table 6 1 Absolute maximum ratings No Parameter A P Se E L 744 Storage temperature range IR ull HO SE 74 2 Humidity __Non condensing d J LEE Am 713 Supply voltage os 536 v 714 EXT IO pin voltage 03 SSS 7 1 5 Supply current from batteries Sum over all power pins 70 A 7 1 6 Battery Charge current II Oo MA Note 1 Keep po
13. TE oo oe cc xx Atmel APPLICATION NOTE Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual 8 bit Atmel Microcontrollers Features e High performance 2 4GHz RF CMOS Atmel AT86RF233 radio transceiver targeted for IEEE 802 15 4 ZigBee ZigBee RF4CE GLOWPAN and ISM applications e Industry leading 101dB linkbudget e Ulta low current consumption e Ultra low supply voltage 1 8V to 3 6V e Hardware supported antenna diversity e RF reference design and high performance evaluation platform e Interfaces to several of the Atmel microcontroller development platforms e Board information EEPROM e MAC address e Board identification features and serial number e Crystal calibration values Introduction This manual describes the REB233SMAD radio extender board supporting antenna diversity in combination with the Atmel AT86RF233 radio transceiver Detailed information is given in the individual sections about the board functionality the board interfaces and the board design The REB233SMAD connects directly to the REB controller base board REB CBB or can be used as an RF interface in combination with one of the Atmel microcontroller development platforms The REB233SMAD together with a microcontroller forms a fully functional wireless node Figure 1 REB233SMAD Radio Extender Board IINITAN 42006B AVR 07 2012 Table of Contents 1 DisclaIMEN ina mana AGA AA 3 2 OVEIVIGW paekdaakasan nna Ee a 3 3 Functional d
14. a 1960 80 Put l osar S og a ei o E EE sat o AND Tas ai vad D Ha ae POH aa sad g 5 ma LS Pe oer a S S ANO Pano oan Te mg A H om 3 525 a o u 9 E o NO F555 ag moa ol CT soro ta SE eeh EE 1g TF aag ven mm a axo Si Al IDA Pe PYIVIN YUM PADA PAT Adee 870 EA SE SC dei 9 ao Ha mw asa AI ao m ser m o o o H 4 i adz 99 8 p sda E thew NG ox Byuoo 87 eBeWw y Bijuoo 79eBaw y xa vag avnseszami gj Ostby TAS 3 TASTA Lesen f 070 171 2001 a ln Ja Vv IS Z adaa UND Tad ra a Tag sa k ajs a Sidt 5 Tad om muay tsy E wett mm PS el get ais 8 Leg adung E GE ma DIAI En Y Se SE SE SE il 8 3 F S z z 1 20 42006B AVR 07 2012 Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE Atmel A 2 Assembly drawing Figure 7 2 REB233SMAD assembly drawing LABEL1 PCBA LABEL Cit C12 C24 MU R27 C23 lem C26 us R8 ene O C29 Bi A08 1061 NO Atmega644 route E fAtmegal281 route YAO A 3 Bill of materials Bill of materials Table 7 1 Designator Description Footprint Manuf Part Manufacturer Comment 1 x1 Pin header JP 2x20 90 _ 1007 121 40 CAB HEADER 20X2 2x20 90 degree Top Inve
15. ad capacitors of 10pF each To compensate for fabrication and environment variations the frequency can be further tuned using the radio transceiver register XOSC_CTRL 0x12 refer to 1 Section References The REB production test guarantees a tolerance of within 20ppm and 5ppm The correction value to be applied to TRX register XOSC_CTRL 0x12 is stored in the onboard EEPROM see Section 3 2 page 6 The reference frequency is also available at pin CLKM of the radio transceiver and depending on the related register setting it is divided by an internal prescaler CLKM clock frequencies of 16MHz 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 250kHz or 62 5kHz are programmable refer to 1 The CLKM signal is filtered by a low pass filter to reduce harmonic emissions within the 2 4GHz ISM band The filter is designed to provide a stable 1MHz clock signal with correct logic level to a microcontroller pin with sufficiently suppressed harmonics CLKM frequencies above 1MHz require a redesign of R25 and C40 In case of RC cut off frequency adjustments depending on the specific load and signal routing conditions one may observe performance degradation of channel 26 Channel 26 2480MHzZ is affected by the following harmonics 155 x 16MHz or 310 x 8MHz By default CLKM is routed to a microcontroller timer input check the individual configuration resistors in the schematic drawing To connect CLKM to the microcontroller main clock input assemble R3 with a 0Q resist
16. ce an IEEE 802 15 4 synchronization header is detected the antenna providing sufficient signal quality is selected to receive the remaining frame This ensures reliability and robustness especially in harsh environments with strong multipath fading effects 4 Board specific information such as board identifier the node MAC address and production calibration values are stored in an ID EEPROM The SPI bus of the EEPROM is shared with the radio transceiver s interface Figure 3 1 REB233SMAD block diagram JPL DEVDD Protection GND AT86RF233 REB233SMAD 3 1 Interface connector specification The REB is equipped with a 2 x 20 pin 100mil expansion connector X1 The pin assignment enables a direct interface to the REB CBB 2 Further the interface connects to the Atmel STK500 501 microcontroller development platform to enable support for various Atmel 8 bit AVR microcontrollers The REB 2 x 20 pin X1 connector is preconfigured to interface to an STK501 with an Atmel ATmega1281 or a Controller Base Board with an Atmel ATxmega 256A3 respectively To operate the REB with an Atmel ATmega644 on STK500 the 0Q resistors R10 through R18 must be removed and re installed on the board manually as resistors R20 through R28 see Appendix A Other microcontroller development platforms need to be interfaced using a special adapter board 3 1 1 Atmel ATmega1281 configuration Table 3 1 Default expansion connec
17. crease if possible in some distance from the pad This measure will decrease the parasitic inductance as far as possible Each ground pin should be connected to the bottom plane with at least one via Move the vias as close to the IC as possible It is always desired to integrate the single pin ground connections into polygon structures after a short distance Top bottom and on multilayer boards the inner ground planes should be tied together with a grid of vias When ground loops are smaller than one tenth of the wavelength it is safe to consider this as a solid piece of metal Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 12 42006B AVR 07 2012 4 5 Figure 4 5 Board layout transceiver GND The soldering technology used allows the placement of small vias 0 15mm drill within the ground paddle underneath the chip During reflow soldering the vias get filled with solder having a positive effect on the connection cross section The small drill size keeps solder losses within an acceptable limit During the soldering process vias should be open on the bottom side to allow enclosed air to expand PCB detail 5 digital GND routing and shielding With the Atmel AT86RF233 consider pins 12 16 18 and 21 as digital ground pins Digital ground pins are not directly connected to the center paddle Digital ground pins may carry digital noise from UO pad cells or other digital processing units within the chip
18. e bottom layer underneath the radio transceiver IC Further details are described in Section 4 page 9 All components connected to nets DEVDD EVDD contribute to the total current consumption While in radio transceiver SLEEP state most of the supply current is drawn by the 1MQ pull up resistor R24 connected to the ID EEPROM and the EEPROM standby current Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 7 42006B AVR 07 2012 3 4 Note 3 5 Figure 3 4 Power supply routing B3 GH JUMPER CAP EE jumper a Ll E1 CVIG o DEVDR CC EVDD aah HEADER 2 Inductor_Iron miniSMDC020F 1001 121 002 74279263 D1 a C34 BZG05C3V9 100nF 100nF Radio transceiver reference clock The integrated radio transceiver is clocked by a 16MHz reference crystal Q1 The 2 4GHz modulated signal is derived from this clock Operating the node according to IEEE 802 15 4 5 the reference frequency must not exceed a deviation of 40ppm The absolute frequency is mainly determined by the external load capacitance of the crystal which depends on the crystal type and is given in its datasheet The radio transceiver reference crystal Q1 shall be isolated from fast switching digital signals and surrounded by a grounded guard trace to minimize disturbances of the oscillation Detailed layout considerations can be found in Section 4 3 page 11 The REB uses a Siward SX4025 crystal with two lo
19. eiver the antenna and the transmission lines The PCB has to be considered as a part of the antenna it interacts with the radiated electromagnetic wave e Isolate digital noise from the antenna and the radio transceiver to achieve optimum range and RF performance e Isolate digital noise from the 16MHz reference crystal to achieve optimum transmitter and receiver performance e Reduce any kind of spurious emissions below the limits set by the individual regulatory organizations The REB233SMAD PCB design further demonstrates a low cost two layer PCB solution without the need of an inner ground plane The drawing in Figure 4 1 shows critical sections using numbered captions Each caption number has its own subsection below with detailed information Figure 4 1 Board layout sections with detail descriptions LABELI PCBA LAREI Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 9 42006B AVR 07 2012 4 1 PCB detail 1 balanced RF pin fan out Figure 4 2 Board layout RF pin fan out short GND connect The Atmel AT86RF233 antenna port should be connected to a 1000 load with a small series inductance of 1nH to 2nH This is achieved with the connection fan out in between the IC pins and the filter balun combination B1 The trace width is kept small at 0 2mm for a length of approximately 1 5mm The REB233SMAD is a two layer FR4 board with a thickness of 1 5mm Therefore the distributed capacitance between
20. el AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 5 42006B AVR 07 2012 3 2 Note ID EEPROM To identify the board type by software an identification ID EEPROM U5 is populated Information about the board the node MAC address and production calibration values are stored here An Atmel AT25010B 3 with 128 x 8 bit organization and SPI bus is used because of its small package and low voltage low power operation The SPI bus is shared between the EEPROM and the transceiver The select signal for each SPI slave EEPROM radio transceiver is decoded with the reset line of the transceiver RSTN Therefore the EEPROM is addressed when the radio transceiver is held in reset RSTN 0 see Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 EEPROM access decoding logic Atmel ATmega1281 configuration PB5 RSTN o Transceiver d AT86RF233 PBO SEL ISEL PB1 3 SPI On Board EEPROM CS The EEPROM data are written during board production testing A unique serial number the MAC address and calibration values are stored These can be used to optimize system performance 1 MAC addresses used for this package are Atmel property The use of these MAC addresses for development purposes is permitted Table 3 3 shows a detailed description of the EEPROM data structure Table 3 3 ID EEPROM mapping Address Name Type Description 0x00 MAC address uint64 MAC address for the 802 15 4 node little endian byte order 0x0
21. enna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 23 42006B AVR 07 2012 Warning IMPORTANT FCC NOTICE to USERS B 2 B 3 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by this company could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Europe ETSI If the device is incorporated into a product the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product to the European harmonized EMC and low voltage safety standards A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in Annex Il of the R amp TTE Directive The manufacturer must maintain a copy of the device documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings and or installation requirements as specified in the user manual If any of these specifications are exceeded in the final product a submission must be made to a notified body for compliance testing to all required standards The CE marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product The CE mark shall consist of the initials CE taking the following form e If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be r
22. er performance such as the excellent receiver sensitivity achieved at ultra low current consumption e Test the radio transceiver s comprehensive hardware support of the IEEE 802 15 4 2011 standard e Test the radio transceivers enhanced feature set which includes antenna diversity AES high data rate modes and reduce power consumption modes Figure 2 1 shows a development and evaluation setup using the REB controller base board REB CBB 2 in combination with the REB233SMAD radio extender board via SMA connectors which are assembled with quarter wave rotate and tilt antennas Figure 2 1 The REB233SMAD connected to a REB CBB 3 Functional description The block diagram of the REB233SMAD radio extender board is shown in Figure 3 1 The power supply pins and all digital I Os of the radio transceiver are routed to the 2 x 20 pin expansion connector to interface to a power supply and a microcontroller Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 3 42006B AVR 07 2012 The Atmel AT86RF233 antenna diversity AD feature supports the control of two antennas which can be assembled on top of the SMA connectors A digital control pin DIG1 is used to control an external RF switch selecting one of the two antennas During the RX listening period the radio transceiver continuously switches in between the two antennas autonomously without the need for microcontroller interaction if the AD feature is enabled 1 On
23. escription 777700 aman anang an asana aan anan anan nanana aasa aanaaanan 3 3 1 Interface comnector specificatl0N aaa paa kaan a 4 3 1 1 Atmel ATmega1281 Gonfiouration sissioni 4 3 1 2 Atmel ATmegab44 Configuration nananwwa awa anananasanawaanannsnnan 5 3 2 MID EEPROM ie sce akan maa ARA aa 6 3 3 Supply CUNTEME SEMSIMNG TE 7 3 4 Radio transceiver reference och 8 3o WRF e EE 8 4 PCB layout description 9 4 1 PCB detail 1 balanced RF pin fan out 10 4 2 PCB detail 2 RF SWIHCH E 11 4 3 PCB detail 3 crystal POUtING am babespea earo gEE eege reg 11 4 4 PCB detail 4 transceiver analog GND routing 0 eee cent eeeeeeeenneeeeeeaes 12 4 5 PCB detail 5 digital GND routing and shielding 13 4 6 PCB detail 6 transceiver RF tuning s ssssssssssssssssrrnsrssssrrnrnrssserrnnsssernnne 14 AT Antenna COMMECION sess secs cece es So NING oe ceed itech NAAN eee Secs 15 5 Mechanical description aa 16 6 Electrical characteristics 00000000000000000amsaaasaanas nananana anasanans 17 BT Absolute maximum ratings GA KANA ANARANGAA 17 6 2 Recommended operating range AA 18 6 3 Curent CONSuUMmPUON NAN ANAN 18 6 4 Rue E Un CT 19 Fo Abbreviations aNG nies SEENEN See 19 Appendix A PCB design data 20 AT SCMEMALIC 5 22 ccc aanak a ABRAM NAN 20 A2 Assembly drawing a pA AA ANA Aha 21 A3 BilioftmatenalS e cae aasa AA a 21 Appendix B Radio Certification
24. espected e The CE marking must have a height of at least 5mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus e The CE marking must be affixed visibly legibly and indelibly More detailed information about CE marking requirements you can find at DIRECTIVE 1999 5 EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on 9 March 1999 at section 12 Approved antenna The device has been tested and approved for use with the antenna listed below The device may be integrated with other custom design antennas which OEM installer must authorize with respective regulatory agencies The used antenna is connected to the radio module via an SMA connection Table 7 2 Approved antenna Manufacturer Description Model Frequency Connector TEKFUN Co Ja wave swivel SMA Male M35 S 2400MHz Male SMA _ antenna Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 24 42006B AVR 07 2012 8 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AT86RF233 Ultra low Power 2 4GHz Transceiver for ZigBee IEEE 802 15 4 6LoWPAN RF4CE SP100 Wireless HART and ISM Applications Datasheet doc no 8351 Atmel Corporation AVR2042 REB Controller Base Board Hardware User Guide Application Note doc no 8334 Atmel Corporation AT25010B SPI Serial EEPROM Datasheet doc no 8707 Atmel Corporation AVR2021 AT86RF231 Antenna Diversity Application Note doc no 8158 Atmel Corporation IEEE Std 8
25. g should be done for the receiver first First step should be to verify the 500 matching at U1 pin 5 To measure this impedance with a network analyzer U1 needs to be removed and a 1mm rigid cable should be connected to pin 5 Measurements from X2 and X3 are much harder to calibrate The transceiver has to be set to state RX_ON for that measurement If the transceiver is not powered and is in a state other than RX ON the measured S11 will not show reasonable impedance After that the capacitor position and value can be slightly varied The reception performance should be measured using a packet error test Typical tuning capacitor values are in between 0 5pF and 1pF To simplify the tuning the receiver input power should be adjusted to a value where a PER of 1 can be measured For the measurement 5 000 to 10 000 frames should be used to get a clear PER value After a board tuning change the PER should be measured with the same environment as before Now the new sensitivity can be evaluated based on a simple rule of thumb A PER change by one decimal power from 1 up to 10 or down to 0 1 corresponds in average with a 1dB change in sensitivity The tuning measurements have to take the whole frequency band into account The matching point for best sensitivity can but may not be identical with the best S11 matching point The matching point for the lowest noise figure will be different from the best S11 matching point that can be measured When
26. he following Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used Contains FCC ID VNR E33SD X5B 00 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Use in portable exposure conditions FCC 2 1093 requires separate equipment authorization Modifications not expressly approved by this company could void the user s authority to operate this equipment FCC Section 15 21 Compliance Statement Part 15 105 b This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving ant
27. ias This will form kind of a RF sealing for the FR4 material Any wave propagation in between the copper layers across the RF4 will become impossible This way for an external electromagnetic field the board will behave like a coherent piece of metal When a trace is cutting the plane on one side the design should contain vias along this trace to bridge the interrupted ground on the other side Place vias especially close to corners and necks to connect lose polygon ends The pads where the shield is mounted also need some attention The shield has to be integrated in the ground planes Vias in a short distance to the pads will ensure a low impedance connection and also close the FR4 substrate as mentioned above PCB detail 6 transceiver RF tuning The REB233SMAD implements a tuning structure to optimize the transceiver matching A transmission line in combination with a capacitor is used to vary the load impedance Under normal conditions only one capacitor is assembled at position C23 C26 or C27 These three positions allow varying the position of the capacitor along the transmission line The capacitance value and the position of the capacitor can be changed to tune the system Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 14 42006B AVR 07 2012 Figure 4 7 Board layout transceiver RF tuning L Lat C26 ANS During tuning the best compromise in between RX and TX performance has to be found Tunin
28. on SPI Serial peripheral interface TX Transmitter XTAL Crystal Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 19 42006B AVR 07 2012 PCB design data Appendix A Schematic A 1 REB233SMAD schematic Figure 7 1 RETR OTST ees go ong ooN ZL07EOZO ed A a re OTSA QVNSEETATA Se pm ano ano at E E Se adrt sa OPO L ie Isa 9 T SN OSPORAIAN a 7 E ND ANO AND AND iD ANo E a 5 e e z jg ae Cite ag aaa im Oe D os El i P Ku GE Se GE eal OSIN ou pue doy uo are g TIA lsa 1 aa Tas az ano ano I HAOI 9AVOLOSZEY 19 Eet IN X8 ZtdMZON re ador ador a Ted AFTHVIN B010SZLV ven yeu AE Lex 963 sn ee pe Ps Si Se E nt aaraa int wr BREEZE Ree il SU 2865 48 G sy tax 8 ssaa ke A cosa B zx nu SEN ech ee e a anna on caya jr as am Xo s IL wo ano a aay TERT ssaa Haso aer D aw awa y y 2 HA BEEN 255555553 en Te to fo la la fa fa Y
29. or RF section The Atmel AT86RF233 radio transceiver incorporates all RF and base band critical components necessary to transmit and receive signals according to IEEE 802 15 4 or proprietary ISM data rates The balun B1 performs the differential to single ended conversion of the RF signal to connect the AT86RF233 to the RF switch U1 The RF switch is controlled by the radio transceiver output DIG1 and selects one of the two antennas The output signal is routed to the edge mounted SMA connectors X2 and X3 The 4 antennas provided with the board can rotate and tilt Detailed information about the antenna diversity feature are given in 1 and 4 Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 8 42006B AVR 07 2012 To estimate the effective output power for the SMA connector reference plane the balun the switch and transmission line losses have to be taken into account Therefore in worst case the SMA connector output power can be up to 1 5dB below the datasheet value specified for the AT86RF233 Insertion loss data for the individual components can be obtained from associated datasheets Please check the part reference inside the BOM in section A 3 4 PCB layout description This section describes critical layout details to be carefully considered during a PCB design The PCB design requires an optimal solution for the following topics e Create a solid ground plane as a stable reference for the transc
30. rs 2 X2 X3 End Launch SMA Board 142 0711 821 EMERSON Round Contact Jack Edge 1 6mm Receptacle 1 U5 EEPROM MiniMap 8 2X3 AT25010B Atmel AT25010B MAHL T 1 V4 Logic gate SC70 8 NV7WP32K8X Fairchild NC7WP32K8X 1 U3 802 15 4 MLF 32 AT86RF233 Atmel AT86RF233 2 4GHz radio transceiver 2 U2 U6 Dual INV ULP SC70 6 NC7WV04P6X Fairchild NC7WV04 1 u1 RF switch SC70 6 AS222 92 SkyWorks AS222 92 Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 21 42006B AVR 07 2012 Manuf Part Manufacturer Designator Description Footprint Comment 1 SH1 SMT RF Shield Shield BMIS LT08AD4303F Laird Frame amp Lid 9 R5 R7 R10 R12 R14 Resistor 0603H0 5 Samsung 0Q R17 R19 R21 R23 2 R29 R30 Resistor 0402A Samsung DO 1 R32 Resistor 0402A Samsung 220 1 R25 Resistor 0402A Samsung 4700 2 R8 R15 Resistor 0402A Samsung 2 2kQ 2 R27 R28 Resistor 0402A Samsung 10kQ 2 R24 R26 Resistor 0402A Samsung 1MQ 1 Q1 Crystal 16MHz XTAL 4X2 5 XTL551150NLE Siward SX 4025 16MHz Small 16 0MHz 9 0R 1 L1 SMT ferrite 0603H0 8 74279263 W rth 2200 100MHz bead 1 JP1 Jumper 2 pole JP 2x1 1001 121 002 CAB JP 2 1 J3 Jumper cap 3300096 CAB 1 F1 PTC fuse 1812 miniSMDC020 Raychem miniSMDC020 1 D1 Z Diode DO 214AC BZG05C3V9 Vishay BZG05C3V9 2 C37 C38 Capacitor 0402A Panasonic 10pF 5 2 C35 C36 Capacitor 0402A Kemet 1uF 6 C30 C31 C32
31. satisfying reception sensitivity was achieved the transmitter performance should be tested as well for the current tuning step Main parameters are transmitting power EVM spurious emissions and performance flatness over the whole frequency band Goal is to maximize the link budged calculated from sensitivity and transmits power 4 7 Antenna connection The board was constructed with the two SMA connectors at the left and right side to allow antennas to be connected A good choice in between flexibility and performance is a quarter wave antenna with rotate and tilt option Antenna origin details Vendor Tekfun Co Ltd Type M35 S Swivel SMA male Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 15 42006B AVR 07 2012 Figure 4 8 Antenna tuning structure The board design implements additional footprints for a pi network to tune short antennas correctly against the board ground plane For the antenna delivered with the board this is not required and therefore C13 C14 C15 and C16 are unassembled 5 Mechanical description The REB233SMAD is manufactured using a low cost two layer printed circuit board All components and connectors are mounted on the top side of the board The format was defined to fit the EXPAND1 connector on the Atmel AVR STK500 STK501 microcontroller evaluation board The upright position was chosen for best antenna performance Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual A
32. top and bottom is low and transmission lines are rather inductive B1 has the DC blocking built in Only pin 2 requires DC blocking within its GND connection since this is considered as bias access pin The distance of 1 5mm in between B1 and U3 also allows GND vias for pin 3 and pin 6 of the AT86RF233 The GND connection in a low distance has a small parasitic inductance and is therefore desirable for the RF port Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 10 42006B AVR 07 2012 4 2 4 3 PCB detail 2 RF switch Figure 4 3 Board layout RF switch The RF switch requires a solid grounding to achieve the full isolation and RF filter capacitors for the control pins A parasitic inductance within the ground connection may reduce the RF isolation of the switch output in the off state To achieve a hard low impedance ground connection several vias are placed on each side of the ground pad The ground pad is connected to the top layer ground plane in addition Blocking capacitors C24 and C25 are placed as close as possible to the RF switch to short any control line noise Noise interfering on the control pins may cause undesired modulation of the RF signal Therefore these parts are marked as noise shunt C11 and C12 will block any DC voltage on the RF line On the input side C28 next to the balun provides the required DC blocking PCB detail 3 crystal routing The reference crystal PCB area
33. tor mapping ATmega1281 configuration Pin Function Pin Function 1 GND 2 GND 3 n c 4 n c 5 n c e n c 7 n c 8 n c 9 n c 10 ncc 11 n c 2 me Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 4 42006B AVR 07 2012 Pin Function Pin Function 13 n c 15 n c 17 n c optionally XT1 MCLK 19 Vcc 21 GND 23 PB7 open o PB5 RSTN 27 PB3 MISO 29 PB1 SCLK au PD7 TP1 33 PDS TP2 35 PD3 TP3 37 PD1 TPA 39 GND Note 1 Possible by retrofitting a OR assembly 3 1 2 Atmel ATmega644 configuration Table 3 2 n c n c n c Veco GND PB6 open PB4 SLPTR PB2 MOSI PBO SEL PD6 MCLK PD4 DIG2 PD2 open PDO IRQ _ EE WP write protect EEPROM Expansion connector mapping when assembled for ATmega644 Pin Function Pin Function 1 GND 2 GND 3 nc 4 n c 5 n C 6 n c 7 n c 8 n c 9 n c 10 nec 11 n c 12 ne 13 ne 14 n c 15 n c 16 n c 47 ne optionally XT1 MCLK 18 ne 19 Voc 20 Voc 21 GND 22 GND 23 PB7 SCLK 24 PB6 MISO 25 PB5 MOSI 26 PB4 SEL 27 PB3 open 28 PB2 RSTN 29 PB1 MCLK 30 PBO open 31 PD7 SLPTR 32 PDE DIG2 33 PD5 TP2 34 PD4 open 35 PD3 TP3 36 PD2 IRQ 37 PD1 TP4 28 PDO open 39 GND 40 EE WP write protect EEPROM Note 1 Possible by retrofitting a OR assembly Atmel Atm
34. wer switch off or remove battery from REB CBB when external power is supplied 6 2 Recommended operating range Table 6 2 Recommended operating range No Pare Condition unit 721 Operating temperature range Crystal within 40ppm 20 JL mw 7 2 2 Supply voltage Vcc 1 8 30 3 6 V 6 3 Current consumption Test conditions unless otherwise stated Mon 3 0V Top 25 C Table 6 3 lists current consumption values for typical scenarios of a complete system composed of REB CBB and REB233 The Zener diode D1 has been removed as described above Table 6 3 Current consumption of REB CBB populated with REB233 No Parameter Condition Minimum Typical Maximum 7 31 Supply current MCU power down LA transceiver in state SLEEP 17 R _ serial flash in Deep Sleep__ _ e 7 3 2 Supply current MCU 2MHZz 30 mA Ba transceiver in state TRX OFF 7 3 3 Supply current MCU 16MHz int RC 32MHZ 45 mA transceiver in state TRX_OFF 7 3 4 Supply current MCU e 16MHZz int RC 32MHz 28 0 mA es NN _ __ transceiver in state RX ON si KH eg 7 3 5 Supply current MCU 16MHz int RC 32MHz oe mA transceiver in state BUSY_TX Note 1 Measurement results with D1 removed Atmel Atmel AVR2162 REB233SMAD Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 18 42006B AVR 07 2012 6 4 Duty cycle requirements Table 6 4 TX operating condition
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