Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of small low
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1. In general a video game development will be two teams working together such as a design game team and a programing team However I would like to do both of work to help me understand the whole concept of game development In addition the SDK is available as a free download While the runtimes are proprietary closed source software source code is provided for most of the SDK samples Starting with the release of Windows 8 Developer Preview DirectX SDK has been integrated into Windows SDK 1 3 Game story Far away from Earth at a planet has name Phillon the story has begun This is a war between the government and rebels The government s military named as the largest city of the Decan Bygeniou City United B C U The National Force Union controlled the government and their goal is to unify the planet of Phillon The rebel s military has placed in the poorest city of the Decan Arlington and has name Arlington National Influence A N D Michael is a top ranking pilot that has had remarkable results in battle Not very personable and keeps his distance from other He is used to be a member of the B C U Government but now he is standing by the A N I faction His mission is control a helicopter and goes back to Sunken city to restart an AI machine This mission is very dangerous because Sunken is place where B C U enemies are occupied 2 SYSTEM DESIGN The narrative of this project is the design and programing of a video game Man2. 31 Fisure 132 Ely Enemies e es SEAE 36 Hisure 14 BOSS 20 36 Figure 15 gt BUS A A A rl ee as 37 Figur 16 Exp Ws tO estas neem e e tU 37 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE The rapid development of computer science and technologies affects every aspect of people s lives such as learning living working and education In addition computer video games are not only just a form of computer software but also a new form of artistic expression thanks to the development of the computer technology Video games are an important application of computer technology and play a major role in entertainment It has become accepted by people of different ages As computer technology is becoming more convenient and accessible more and more people not only like to play computer games designed by others but also want to try designing a computer game themselves Therefore game development has become an important research area A game engine is a framework used to design and development computer games A game is basically a combination of codes and setting control information Research by WenFang and Wei 2008 suggests game engines and games share a relationship similar to the car and car engines With the same kind of car engine we can make different car models by using different body styles and colors Similarly a single game engine can be used to create several different games Building a car requires many more elements than just an engine though For example to
3. The second group is students who do not have much experience playing video games The operating systems used to test the game were windows 7 and XP The BlueSky tested in the different screen resolutions 1600x900 and 1024x768 3 2 Results The results from the two groups of students were different The second group played BlueSky longer than the first They spent more than 20 minutes to play and tried to finish the game Some students in Group Two tried to display their game play skills attempting to dodge between enemies and bullets Group One spent less time than Group Two To help Group One can finish the game I reduced speed of enemies and increased movement speed of main character and bullets also There was some similar feedback from both groups First the consensus was that the game was a little short Play testers wanted to have a longer map or more stages to play Also both groups estimated the target age range to be from 15 20 years old Two students suggested the creation of a 28 campaign mode because they wanted to follow the game story Some feedback recommended that the video game be able to run on more operating systems and with more screen resolutions The table below shows the result for the testing There are two groups Group One is non experience and Group Two is experience players Each group has ten testers The following graphic present the testing results Number 0 10 describe lowest bound to the 10 8 6 Group
4. Window ToolKit AWT This is a set of libraries to create graphic user interface When an event occurs on a particular component the AWT checks to see if there are any listeners for that event A listener is an Object that receives events from another object We have different types of listeners for different events For example there is MouseListener a mouse input event or KeyListener for keyboard input event All listeners are interfaces so any object can be a listener by implementing a listener interface 2 4 2 2 Keyboard Keyboard is used to control the main character in Blue Sky As in many video games I want to use the arrow key for movement and Control key for firing weapons What I need is to capture key events So I need to create a KeyListener and register the listener to receive events At first to create a KeyListener I need an object that implements the KeyListener interface The KeyListener has three methods There are keyPressed keyReleased and keyTyped These methods take a KeyEvent as a parameter The KeyEvent object enables users to inspect what key was actually pressed or released Second it needs to register the listener to receive events To do it I just call the addKeyListener method on the component that I want to receive key events on 2 4 2 3 Create and use input manage Until now the game has mouse and keyboard input It need to create an input manage called InputManager That mean put mouse and keyboard in
5. die if it hit the enemies e TestCollision this class tests collision between two objects Each object has sprite move speed and location Assume that each sprite is inside a rectangle 25 Each rectangle has location and two properties are width and height We need to check if two rectangles intersect or not If yes the return value will be true 2 4 6 Screen graphic There are two parts to display hardware There are video graphic cards and monitors The video card stores what is on screen by its own memories It also controls what is displayed by modifying several functions To make it simple we can understand that the video card pushes everything in its memories to the monitor and the monitor displays the information that the video card tells it to The screen is divided in to many tiny pixels and the origin is in the upper left corner Each pixel has its own position and can be expressed as x y where x is the number of horizontal pixels and y is the number of vertical pixels from the origin Starting from the upper left corner is a point has position 0 0 the screen display left to right top to bottom For example if we have a screen where the resolutions is 800x600 the pixel at the upper right will be 799 0 the pixel on bottom left is 0 599 and the bottom right is 799 599 The resolution depends on video card and monitor Some suggestions are 640x480 800x600 1024x768 The second thing needs to take care about is p
6. main program is class AirStrike This is a name of one city in the history First I need to define the constant variables such as map length how many time players can hit the bullets or bombs how much time the enemies hit the main character 24 A vs 3 e e A tn 7 a y y ss y y iia z ar y gt ae at 2 Ss 5 ar a a gt Pe Sa s Description of subclass on AirStrike class e Void loadlmages This class load the image from directory add frame and set images to new sprite It loads main character enemies weapons and map images Each image has its own sprite and location on the screen After I have main character and enemies sprites I set the properties for each one by recall AirCraft class The player has sprite move speed fire time and location This class also loads image for weapon system Each kind of weapon has its own sprite speed damage and location e Void update_player_weapon This class handles player weapon The player weapons are bullet and bomb Each time player use weapon I will check collision between weapon and enemies and enemies weapons also I m use setScore to set how much score player can earn for each type of enemies e Void update_enemy_fly This class updates and check collision for fly enemies and player The main character will
7. Blue Sky A side scroller computer game GRADUATE PROJECT REPORT Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Computing Sciences Texas A amp M University Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science By Kien H Dinh Fall 2014 Committee Members Dr Scott A King Committee Chairperson Dr David Thomas Committee Member ABSTRACT In recent years computer graphics and game programming has become an immensely popular topic There exists a massive and complex industry behind the creation of video games that brings to the world something innovative creative and exciting where dreams and fairy tales come true The goal of any good video game is to bring to life a story and to immerse the player as a main character This project describes the design and development process of such a digital game titled Blue Sky in which the player guides a powerful atomic helicopter in the sky through several stages of opposing enemy forces Table of Contents ABSTRACT A TO 1 Table IS a Cs oe 2 EIST OF FIGURES ia apli 4 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Soma ii 5 Related Work eserin dl manatees 6 1 2 Microsoft DirectX SDR o cael ei a na 7 k3 Game story as 8 22 TEM DESIGN di 9 2 l Game di dis 9 ZAMORA DU E Aa AA OERE ORAE 10 A Nee MINAS E E EE 10 22x2 A UE 11 2 2 3 A Wien siieaut EAE E Wuhan sinus ee aad 11 AM 1OOP tug n ciety
8. Game controller Gamer need to control the character by use arrow down up left right in the keyboard During playing time player can hit Esc to pause the game and the program will display a small window for three options Esc to continue game Q to quit to main menu To attack the enemies the player hit Ctrl or Shift to shoot by bullet or bomb for the flight enemies and ground enemies There is the list of game controller using keyboard e ESC Pause game when player is playing game and Continue when player is paused game e Q Quit Return main menu e Ctrl Shoot e Shift Bomb e Key up move up e Key down Move down e Key left move left e Key Right move right e C Continue 2 Game play 2 1 Start scene At the beginning the game will load the game s background and display game menu The game menu is three functions Start game Game guide and Exit game The game will begin when player click on the start game icon Therefore me screen will move to the action scene 40 2 2 Action scene In the left top of the action screen the will be the player life points and next to it will be player score The action scene will be a top and bottom background When I put two image overlap together I can take random background that match with random bottom image to make video game screen 2 3 Help scene Help scene is the video game introduction This is place where I putted the details information that need for gam
9. One 4 El Group Two 2 0 YES NO Figure 5 Response to the question Do you like game 10 8 6 E Group One 4 Group Two 2 0 YES NO Figure 6 Response to the question Did you finish the game highest bound 29 S Group One E Group Two 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Figure 7 Response to the question How many times you play game A w N D Group One B Group Two o Figure 8 Response to the question Was the game too short too long or just right Group One E Group Two 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Figure 9 Response to the question how much you like materials and or game pieces 4 3 5 3 2 5 2 E Group One 1 5 E Group Two 1 0 5 0 123 45 67 8 9 10 Figure 10 Response to the question Do you like the game idea Group One E Group Two Figure 10 Response to the question was text to small or big These results prompted the creation of different difficulty levels By increasing the player bullet speeds and ammunition supply along with the number of player bombs the less experienced players were able to finish the game In addition the map length has been increased in response to Group Two so they can enjoy playing the game longer 31 4 FURTURE WORK 4 1 Game Modes and Game Stages There are two types of game mode Campaign mode and Survival mode Campaign mode facilitates the player progressing through the story line of the game while Surv
10. SDK Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces APIs handling tasks related to multimedia especially game programming and video on Microsoft platforms The X at the end stands for the particular API names This is a funny story because at first Microsoft thought that X should be standing for Xbox to indicate that the console was based on DirectX technology DirectX is a recommended tool to use in the development of videos game for Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Xbox According to the Microsoft Developer Network Library on 2000 the Microsoft DirectX Software Development Kit SDK consists of runtime libraries in redistributable binary along with accompanying documentation and headers for use in coding Runtime libraries are sets of low level routines which are used by a compiler Visual Studio is an example for compiler to appeal to some of the behaviors of a runtime environment by inserting calls to the runtime library into compiled executable binary The runtime environment implements the execution model built in functions and other fundamental 7 behaviors of a programming language When a program executes a code it calls the runtime library causing communication between the executable binary and the runtime environment A runtime library often includes built in functions for memory management or for exceptions handling Therefore a runtime library is always specific to the platform and compiler
11. TestCollision int X1 int Y1 int Widthi int Heighti int X2 int Y2 int Width2 int Height2 1 Rectangle bound_rect_1 new Rectangle X1 Y1 Width1 Height1 Rectangle bound _rect_2 new Rectangle X2 Y2 Width2 Height2 Check for collision if bound _rect_1 intersects bound_rect_2 return true return false Figure 3 Collision detection Assume that everything that moves in the game is an object there are three steps to detected collision Update the object s location Check for any collisions with other objects or with the environment If a collision is found revert the object to its previous location Also need to check for a collision after each object moves In addition the game needs to move all the objects at first and then check collisions afterward The objects previous stored in the location with the object A sprite must monitor the game environment and the collision is one part of it The collision processing can be split into two basic categories Collision detection and collision response In 2D game we used the bounding rectangles of the sprites for collision detections We talked about isolating objects on a grid to limit the number of actual collision test to make The problem is we don t want to check collisions everywhere on the screen we just need to check collision to the objects which are near 18 the main objects that means we need to reduce the number of object to object collision test by doing the test onl
12. a e wan ees cag maaan oer aaron nee 11 A A 12 2 4 1 System entity relationship diagraM oooocccccocccnccncconconccnncnncrnncnnccnnons 12 2 4 2 US E e E Sic Sa NL E 13 24 3 Sound and MUSIC foe tax n cies suaeveaeteceeids raid ta 15 2A A Collision Dec leet ay telat otras tle eae 17 2 45 Class Cid STAM ee e ets E as 19 24 6 Screen grapli A O 26 TESTING ANDRES DE Sects 8st octave acoder tehtad ance gaat a a a a 28 Dyke TSUN ope a TOMS Mae 28 B22 RESUME dades 28 AE TTR TR WORK 2d 32 4 1 Game Modes and Game Mar rr 32 42 Game level 32 _ 4 3 Developing for mobile dvi essa ri teo reci 32 REFERENCES ra 33 App ndix Ae GAME DESIGN il ia 35 Appendix B USERIMANUA Lino iais i 40 Appendix C TESTING FORM coi ia dt 42 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 12 Game loop 2 A a AA A eee 12 Figure 2 System relationship AAA dido cdas 13 Figure 3 Collision detection a ds di 18 Figure 4 User case diaria and 19 Figure 5 Response to the question Do you like game oooooccccccccccccoccnncnnono 29 Figure 6 Response to the question Did you finish the game oooconccncnnnnnnnnnnncn 29 Figure 7 Response to the question How many times you play game 29 Figure 8 Response to the question Was the game too short too long or just right A A RS A A AAA AD AA EA SA 30 Figure 10 Response to the question Do you like the game idea 30 Figure ls Mam character da 34 Histre 12 Ground enemy A o iaa
13. based on direction e Void FlyForComputer Control movement for enemeis based on direction e Void FlyForBoss Control movement for boss e Void Render Graphics2D g This is a subclass of Graphic which defined in java awt Component This class draws the sprite for BlueSky In addition it is guaranteed that the object passed to this method can safely be cast to Graphics2D 20 e Void SetSpeed setting movement speed for sprite e Void SetTimeFire Control how many time to fire The image below is describle the relationship between the AirCraft and other class gt Graphics2D The second class is weapon class This class will draw and control weapon for main character and enemies also The constructors of this class is Weapon Sprite _grap int _speed int _damage int _X int _Y int _width int _height The weapon atributes are image of weapon such as bullet or bomb how much speed for it how much damage it take and location The class void Render draws weapon to screen like we draw the character and enemies in the first class Graphics2D The third class is explosion What we have now are a main character sprite and a lot of enemy sprites In addition they are flying in the game This class provides a method to create and control the collision between object and object The constructors is 21 Explosion Sprite _grap int _X int _Y int _width int _height a Grap
14. big_explosion The small_explition does appear when player hit enemies rocket and the big explosion does appear when player hit the enemies o0 000000000 Figure 16 Explosion 3 Scoring system The scoring system will count score of player When player hit an enemy they will earn a constant score number The Scoring system will store this number and when it counts until 1000 the player life points will increase by one In addition the enemies not only can hit the enemies but also hit the enemies bullets Each time player hit the enemies weapon Bullet they earn 10 points score number For example the enemy hit a bullet to player if player hit a bullet to this rocket he will earn 10 points In addition if player hit and kill one enemy he will earn 40 point We do store the player score and display it to the action screen 4 Music Each type of game action has different sound The list below is a soundtrack of this game Bonus sound Play when player get 1000 score and life point increase by one Victory sound Victory Enemy missile when an enemy hit a bullet Player missile When player hit a bullet 38 Explode enemy or player die In addition when player hit enemy s bullet the sound is different with hit enemy The sound when player hit enemy bullet is small than the sound when player hit enemy Bomb fall when player bomb ground enemies Themes song the background music 39 Appendix B USER MANUAL 1
15. build a car it needs to have car door car engine color glass and so on A video game also requires many more elements than just the game engine such as characters story arcs and sound effects Microsoft Windows uses an internal messaging model to control windows applications Messages are sent as events occur Wherever players create an event a message is sent For example when player press a key on the keyboard the operating system generated a message and put this message in to a message queue The system passes all input for an application to the various windows in the application Each window has a function called a window procedure The window procedure processes the input and return control to the system 1 1 Related Work A side scrolling video game is one of the most popular technologies to make a video game Another name of it is side scroller There are many kinds of videos games developed by using side scrolling The actions in game are viewed from a side view camera angle The onscreen characters generally move from the left to right side of the screen to meet an object The object can be enemies bombs bosses According to Steven Kent 2003 the author of The Ultimate History of Video Games he suggested that the movement from single screen or flip screen to scrolling graphics such like evolution of people from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age It would prove to be a pivotal leap in the video game design There are many
16. create The line Info has a DataLine Info subclass this subclass does use to create lines because it contains information on the line s audio format The game has sound files and put it in a line The next step it need to do is playing a sound SimpleSoundPlayer is class to play sound Firstly this class loads samples from AudioInputStream that we mention before into a byte array Secondly this class is copying data from InputStream to line The getSamples method reads from AudiolnputStream and stores the data in the samples byte array The play method reads data from InputStream to a buffer and then writes the buffer to a SourceDataLine and the SourceDataLine will play the sound 2 4 4 Collision detection The main character cannot go through enemies without anything happening The problem is how we can describe the detection between two sprites The sprite could move across several tiles at once and may be located in many different tiles at one time So the game need to check every tile The sprite is currently in an every sprite the tile is going to 17 be in That means we need to detect when the player collides with other object other sprite In Blue Sky the TestCollision class will check collision between two objects After checking for collision need to update and check collision for next object It knows that the object is present by sprite and it can be a bullet or an enemy Test collision between 2 obj public boolean
17. e The game has several assets such as class diagram music and picture files This part describes how to build the game from assets 2 4 1 System entity relationship diagram The system diagram describes the relationship between each functions type in the game The game has three main function are start game support player and exit When 12 the game starts player must play and earn as much points as possible In case players do not know how to play player can go to help screen to see the introduction Figure 2 System relationship diagram The system has three main functions There are start game help and exit First start game function is at the beginning when the player starts the game his mission is gain as much score as possible and kill the enemies also The player will have five times to play Blue Sky In addition the player can earn extra times Life points for every 1000 points scored Second the game supports the player to understand how the video game works By using help screen the player can see the guide of the game and how to control and using keyboard The third function is exit game 2 4 2 User interfaces User interface is the way the external devices process with the game Bluesky used keyboard as the external device In this section it discuss about game events keyboard and mouse input how to create and use input manage 13 2 4 2 1 Game event model There is a support from JAVA called Abstract
18. er to understand how to play the game The help scene is a combination of keyboard function and videos game description It will show the function for each keyboard that we need to use to play the game 41 Appendix C TESTING FORM 1 How much score do you have lt 1000 1000 2000 2000 2500 2500 5000 More than 5000 2 What age range do you think this game is suitable for 1 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25 30 Over 30 3 Did you finish the game Yes No 4 Do you like the game Yes No 5 How many times did you play the game 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 Was the game too short too long or just right 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Too short Just right Too long 7 How much did you like the materials and or game pieces 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Did not like Average Loved 8 Game Idea 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Weak OK Terrific 9 Was the text on the instructions too small or just right 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Too small Just right Too big 10 Any suggestion 42
19. hics 2D The fourth class is map This is not public class This class will get the enemies to the map and setting the map for the BlueSky The properties of this class are currentMap and mapPossition In this class I define the length of the map and get the enemies I use a variable map_length to define map length and set it as an integer The enemies will appear to the map base on the current map The class score control and calculate the player score It has three methods render loadImage and getSpriteDigit As I mentioned before the render class draws the image which load from the loadlmage methods The score class loads images from directory folder and adds them to a sprite array The image is a list of 10 digit numbers 22 Graphics2D The class BackGround controls and rolls the map Two main methods in this class is Render and Roll This class controls how much time to scroll screen base on the elapsed time In addition this class control which map layer appears when amount of time has passed AirStrike BackGround o e Graphics 2D 23 The sprite class is class which load image and store the images frame in to an arrayList frames The class has two methods getFrame and addFrame It also provides the current sprite location By using the AnimFrame method the class can get the image and time for each frame AirCraft o YD Sprite ArrayList Fr Explosion Y Image apon Y ae The
20. hods addFrame update and getImage The addFrame method adds an image to the animation with a specified time in milliseconds to display The get mage method gets the image that can be displayed based on how much time has passed The update method tells the animation that a specified amount of time has passed get mage gets the animation s current image and if the animation has no image the return value is null 2 3 Game loop Basically the game loop is core of the game This runs continuously during gameplay The game loop follows steps which describe below 11 Processes Update game Render input Take break Firguel Game loop The bluesky applied these four steps The variable isRunning defined to tell the game loop that it s time to quit The class run calls gamelnit and gameLoop The gamelnit sets full screen mode initiates and object The gameLoop controls update and draw sprite to the screen The class gameLoop and gamelnit called again in the main program What the game update during gameplay is image and sound The images can be weapon enemy Therefore depend on the input from keyboard it reflects to the player Each time player start a new game this class refresh score and player life times The gameLoop function base on how many time played in the game The game loop is runs until stop is call The stop function stops when sRunning is false 2 4 Assets The assets are the useful to develop the gam
21. ilot player will control a helicopter to fight with enemies Figure 11 Main character Life point 5 Weapon Bullet and Bomb The character has three life points Each time player under hit by any enemies the life points will reduce by one Player need go through three stages and defeat a boss to end the video game The main character has its own weapons Because we have two kinds of enemies are ground and fly so the characters have two kinds of weapon to kill each kind of enemies 1 2 Enemies There are two kinds of enemies Ground and Fly enemy In addition the game has a special enemy is boss 1 2 1 Ground enemies 35 Ground enemy is standing in the ground Its weapon is bullet This enemy hits player by the bullet from the ground Life point 1 Weapon Bullet Damage to player 1 Figure 12 Ground enemy 1 2 2 Fly enemies Fly enemy is a flying object It can stand alone or more depend on the setting It can hit player by bullet Hit point 1 Weapon Bullet Damage to player 1 Each fly enemy can appear random to player on the map Mo Figure 13 Fly enemies 36 1 2 3 Boss Boss is special enemy The boss has more life points and weapons The sprite is display boss like a mothership Hit points 5 Weapon Bullet Damage to player 1 Figure 14 Boss 1 2 4 Weapons A y i 4 Figure 15 Bullet 37 2 Explosion There are two explosions screen in game There are small_explotion and
22. ival mode challenges players to play survive as long as possible BlueSky s default mode is Survival mode In addition to gameplay modes BlueSky has three stages In order to make the game more interesting more stages and enemy types are in development 4 2 Game level BlueSky has only one difficulty level now Ideally this will be expanded in the future to include the classic three difficulty levels easy normal and hard Also the player should be able to choose which stage to play The game design will require an update to present these new options to players in the main menu screen The default difficulty level will be normal The movement speed of enemies and bullets will increase as the player progresses stages A player playing on easy mode should be much more difficult to defeat and will have more ammunition with faster moving projectiles while enemy bullet speeds are reduced 4 3 Developing for mobile devices Mobile devices such as tablet and mobile phone are extremely popular these days a normal part of most peoples daily lives The entertainment industry is growing as fast as technology Developing this game for mobile platforms is a good way to expand the customer base and make BlueSky accessible for more players 32 REFERENCES Battleship Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game Brackeen D Bracker B amp Vanhelsuwe L 2003 Developing game in java Davison A 2005 Killer game programming i
23. ixel color and bit depth There are three basic colors yellow blue and red These are the primary colors We can have other colors by mixing three primary colors The monitor does the same what we do It will combine red blue and yellow to create any color But how much can the monitor display The number of colors a monitor can display depends on the bit depth of the display mode The common bit depths are 8 15 16 24 and 32 For example 8 bit color has 248 256 colors That means only 256 colors can displayed at a time For 15 bit colors the total colors can display is 2 15 32 768 colors To make sure we can pick the 26 correct display mode to use we need to make sure the game runs in at least two resolutions and using different bit depth to test 27 3 TESTING AND RESULTS 3 1 Testing Game testing is another important part of software development This is a software testing process for quality and balance of video games The goal of game testing is discovery and documentation Feedback from players testers was helpful to improving BlueSky BlueSky was tested with students on different operating systems An evaluation form was used to ask students to play BlueSky and provide feedback The form has ten questions about the game play and game ideas For more details about the testing form see appendix B The students asked to play the game come from two groups The first group is students who have experience playing video games
24. lt levels or when player fight with boss It needs to decide on the type of music that we want to use 2 4 3 1 Creating and sound format There are several tools to create record and edit sounds The sound system supports sound file formats AIFF AU and WAV It can control sound formats with 8 or 16 bit samples with sample rates from 8000Hz to 48 000Hz In addition it can play mono and stereo sound 2 4 3 2 Playing sound To play a sound we need to load sound from directory and then put it in a line Firstly we can load a sound file by using AudioSystem class The AudioSystem class provides getAudioInputStream methods to open an audio file from the system It is interesting that this method can open a sound file from Internet This method will return 16 an object It will put the object to AudioInputStream The AudioFormat class provides a way to get information about the format of the sound such as the sample rate and number of channels For example a three second long sound with an audio format of 16 bit samples stereo 44 100Hz would be 44 100x3x4 bytes or about 517KB The game uses a line to put all of the sounds together A line is an interface to send or receive audio from the sound system The lines is use to send sound samples to the sound system to play or receive sound Secondly the lines are created by using AudioSystem getLine method It passes this method a line Info object which specifies the type of line want to
25. n java B McLaughlin Ed Sebastopol CA O Reilly Media Delta Fighter Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game Driven Systems with Undetermined Input Spaces Software Engineering IEEE Transactions on On page s 216 234 Volume 40 Issue 3 March 2014 Helicopter Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game Jet Fighter Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game Kent S 2010 The ultimate history of video games From pong to pokemon The story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world Microsoft directX Lecture notes n d Retrieved September 30 2014 from Computer Hope website http www computerhope com directx htm Nguyen B N Memon A M An Observe Model Exercise Paradigm to Test Event Other Built in Functions Provided by GCC Lecture notes n d Retrieved October 5 2014 from Gcc gnu org website http gcc gnu org onlinedocs gcecint Libgcc html Pickup truck Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game Sanchez Crepso Dalmau D amp Engel W 2003 Core techniques and algorithms in game programming New Riders Schach S R 2007 Object oriented and classical software engineering 8th ed Raghothaman Srinivasan Selman D 2002 Java 3D programming 2nd ed Manning 33 T 21 Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game T 31 Image 2014 August 26 Heavy weapon Popcap game T 83 Image 2014 August 26 Hea
26. playing the game they hear the sounds but do not really notice them Sound is created when something vibrates through a medium The medium is air and vibrates is your computer s speaker This section discuss about how to create a sound how to play a sound and how to set the sound into the game In Blue Sky there are two different types of sounds background music and audio effect The first sound is background music The problem with background music is that 15 1t needs memory and loading time High quality stereo sampled audio may require about 10MB per minute of sound but a typical MIDI sequence may need less than 10 KB A long piece of music should be encoded as a MIDI sequence to save disk space and loading time However we just need one background sound at a time The second is audio effects Audio effects can be explosions when player dies earns point hits bullets Not like the background music the audio effects may need several sound effects at the same time or overlap in time Even though we may not find background music in every game that we play but we cannot deny that it is an important part of game There are different music moods for different type of games For example the action game should play fast paces music while some studies game can play with slow music In addition music also explains character status and changes the player s emotions For example dramatic music can be played when game system increase difficu
27. put together What does the game want InputManager to do At first it can handle all key and mouse events Secondly it can save the events so that users can query them precisely when they 14 want to Thirdly need to map keys to have generic game actions Finally I want it so users can configure keyboard To do it I used GameAction class and InputManage class The GameAction class has method isPressed for keys and getAmount to see how the mouse has moved The InputManage class makes mapping keys and mouse events to come to GameAction class At the time when key is pressed it will check to see whether a GameAction is mapped to that key and calls GameActionSpress method The array GameActions is created so that each index in the array corresponds to a virtual key code The GameActions array has a length of 600 because most key codes have a value smaller than 600 2 4 2 4 The game pausing We will keep drawing to the screen even if the game is paused However we need to draw a pause screen or maybe a pause message We can choose between ESC and P to pause the game When we pause the game there are two things that happen Firstly the object and animations aren t updated Secondly input is ignored excluding the key to un pause the game 2 4 3 Sound and music The combination of sound music and video game should synchronize and parallel Sound effects are an important part of a game In fact when people are
28. s of videos game First applet games are applications that run on a web browser One benefit of applet games is that players don t 9 have to install anything on their computers to play However users need an internet connection and a web browser to play these video games The primary concerns of applet games is network security and a steady network connection The second game type mentioned by Brackeen is windowed games Contrary to applet games windowed games do not have security restrictions and don t run in an internet browser Windowed games look like a normal Windows applications BlueSky is a wndowed game The third game type is full screen games which give players total control over the visual presentation in the game 2 2 Animation sprite A game s active entities are often encoded as sprites A sprite is a moving graphical object A sprite can present player main character or an enemy A game has several sprites The sprite properties are move speed and position On the screen it can be one or many sprites as the same time The sprite comes from the image 2 2 1 Image Images are the most important part of every game Raster and vector are two types of basic image formats A raster image format describes image in terms of pixels with a specified bit depth A vector image format describes images geometrically and it can be resized These three formats are GIF PNG and JPEG GIF is an image that can have 8 bit color Moreo
29. successful video games developed using the side scrolling model Super Mario and Super Mario Bros videos game are two of the most famous side scrolling Side scrolling video games are used in certain role playing video games The screen scrolled to a certain point then stop and requires the enemies on screen to be defeated before the player can keep moving on Another popular way to use the side scrolling format is that player usually starts with a character that flies from left to right screen and face an ever increasing horde of enemies Defender is an example for this type of game Research by Andrew 2005 support the screen will scroll forward following the speed and direction of the player character and can also scroll backwards to previously visited parts of a stage The other way to do this is to have the screen follow the player character but only scroll forwards not backwards that mean once something has passed off the back of the screen and it can no longer be available or visited Some side scroller video games have different stages where the screen scrolls forward by itself at a steady rate and player must keep up with the screen attempting to avoid obstacles and collect things before they pass off screen The Wind Runner is an example This is a video game for iPad and iPhone created by WeMade Entertainment CO LTD The players have to collect all achievement before it is keep running out of screen 1 2 Microsoft DirectX
30. ver it has high compression for graphics image and PNG image can supersede GIF s function Therefore the game does not use GIF image JPEG is a 24 bit image with high compression for photographic image The last one is PNG image which has 24 bit color The image type used in this project is PNG and some JPEG 10 2 2 2 Reading image The loadImage class loads an image from a directory This class can load different formats of images The images are stored in a local file in a subdirectory images The image below does describe an example how to load an image form directory It parses the image and returns an image object sprite In Bluesky the function loadImage loads image from directory and put it into a new sprite The structure command to load image is Image name_image loadlmage file location and set to new sprite by sprite class The background is a PNG format file because needs the quality of pictures 2 2 3 Animation When access with several images it can do the animation The animation loop is follow four step update animation draw to the screen take a nap and start over first step BlueSky is using cartoon style animation Animation is where several images are drawn in a sequence to create the illusion of movement Each image is a frame and each frame is displayed for a certain amount of time However frames don t all have to display for the same amount of time The animation class has three important met
31. vy weapon Popcap game The GCC low level runtime library Lecture notes n d Retrieved October 5 2014 from Gcc gnu org website http gcc gnu org onlinedocs gecint Libgcc html Where is the directX sdk n d Retrieved October 9 2014 from Microsoft MSDN website http msdn microsoft com en us library ee663275 28v VS 85 29 asp Cho O H amp Lee W H 2011 An Interactive Event Design Tool for Rapid Game Development pp 450 453 http dx doi org 10 1109 ISCE 2011 5973868 Mao C Yi Z JianGang O amp Guo H 2010 Game Design and Development Based on Logical Animation Platform pp 573 576 http dx doi org 10 1109 ICCIS 2010 146 Fahy R amp Krewer L 2012 Using Open Source Libraries in Cross Platform Games Development pp 1 5 http dx doi org 10 1109 IGIC 2012 6329835 Popcap game group n d New files Retrieved October 7 2014 from Heavy Weapon Wiki website http heavyweapon wikia com wiki Special NewFiles 34 Appendix A GAME DESIGN 1 Game Mechanics The game mechanics are constructs of designed for interaction of the video game Every video game use mechanics The different in game mechanic between every game is game design In the BlueSky each character or enemy has its own life points and weapon The other name of life point can be hit or health points HP Life point is an integer number which describe how much damage a character or enemy can withstand 1 1 Character As a p
32. y elements are necessary to develop a video game such as music artwork graphics collision detection and much more There are many modern video games that look sound and behave so well that it can be hard to imagine how you d begin to design and program something similar Most of video game details started or come from some basic game programing concepts The project describes how to start design process and put every element together to develop a video game BlueSky is a video game supported by the Windows operating system It is created using Java programing language The main character will control a helicopter and use bullets and bombs to destroy hostile enemies The user will use a keyboard to control the main character s actions such as move up down left right and fire bullets The game also has a support system to help players understand how Blue Sky works 2 1 Game design Game design relates to the process of conceptualizing the mechanisms of the game It is an art combination rules and game mechanics The design process is an integral step in game development BlueSky is designed as an action video game It has a main character piloting a helicopter and five types of enemies The game also has a special boss enemy Each player has five attempts to beat the game The player loses one life when hit by enemy attacks Please see the appendix A to have more details for BlueSky video game design David Brackeen described three kind
33. y for object against other object that is in the same cell and surrounding cells In the Blue Sky the objects are flying objects so we do not need to add gravity to each object 2 4 5 Class diagram There are many classes in this program I will use Unified Modeling Language UML to explain how each class works and the relationship between classes UML is a simple language as a tool for expressing ideas 2 4 5 1 Use case Figure 4 User case diagram The first notation is bluesky This bluesky is an object and instance of a class bluesky class The full UML notation is bluesky bluesky class The BlueSky provide start anew game guide and exit game for player The player uses the options of start and exit 19 game views how to play by uses guide get score or pause continue the game 2 4 5 2 Class diagram For every class in the BlueSky there will be three areas filled in with enough info to concisely describe the class class name member of class and methods The first class is AirCraft The structure of this class is AirCraft Sprite _grap int _speed long _time_fire int _X int _Y int _width int _height The proposal of this class is create and handle sprites The sprite can be enemies or main character The attributes of an enemy are image which describe by a sprite move speed time to fire and location There are details of main functions in this class e Void FlyForPlayer int direction Control movement for player
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