Introduction to Door Construction
Contents
1. face side of the rails facing down make the rail end cut on one side of each end of all rail parts that are to have long tenons e Turn the stock over and make the rail end cut on the other side of each rail c Completing the cuts for the long tenons figure 10 e Move the fence back in increments of not more than 1 2 and repeat step 2b e Remove the flathead screw from the threaded recess in the lower portion of the rail bit e Thread the upper portion of the rail bit back into the lower portion of the rail bit and tighten with the included wrench e Remove the rail bit from the router and store it safely Routing profile on stiles and rails Note Because door and sidelight stiles and transom rails are very long and heavy you must take extra care in the set up of your router table Be sure that the router table is stable and will not tip over in use and provide support for the work piece on both the infeed and outfeed side of the table Adjustable roller stands are an excellent choice for infeed and outfeed support Use two or more featherboards such as Freud BF3510 to hold the workpiece down on the table and in against the fence Figure 11 Figure 12 DED XI XIX XIX a Install the stile cutter The stile cutter has two profile cutters separated by two groove cutters and two bearings b Setting the cutter height and making a test cut e Use one of the completed rail end cuts with a stub tenon on the end of your ra2. Always wear safety glasses and hearing protection when using any power tool e Next with the tool unplugged set the height of the tool so the biscuit slot will be in the center of your panel sections Clamp a piece of scrap material to a workbench plug the tool in and make a test cut Unplug the tool and adjust the cut height if necessary e Mark the locations of your biscuits on the face side of each section of the panel We recommend that biscuits be evenly spaced approximately 6 apart As long as you position the biscuit slots in the center of the panel the biscuits will be concealed when you rout the raised panel profiles e Clamp each section to the workbench plug the biscuit joiner in and cut all biscuit slots Be sure to cut to the full depth required for the size biscuit you select 2 Routing biscuit slots using Freud s 90 041 Biscuit Joining Set This set allows you to use your 1 2 collet router to create slots for three common sizes of biscuit a Install the bit in the router e Use this bit only in a table mounted router b Set the bit height and make a test cut e Set the bit height to rout a slot in the center of your panel section e Use a straight edge to align the router table fence with the bits bearing e Make a test cut in a piece of sample stock e Adjust the height of the cutter as necessary to adjust the groove to the center of the stock c Rout the Biscuit Slots e Mark the locations of all biscuits
3. KX Routing Raised Panels for Doors and Sidelights Note Do not use raised panel bits with backcutters a Install the raised panel cutter b Setting the bit height and making a test cut Note The recommended bit heights E below are based on stock that is aler precisely 1 3 4 or 1 3 8 thick Since i very small differences in stock thickness will affect the fit of the panel in the door make test cuts in scrap stock then adjust the bit height as required Figure 17 e Set the cutter height For 1 3 4 thick panels set the bit so the top of the cutting edge is 9 16 above the router table as shown in Figure 17 For 1 3 8 thick panels set the bit height so the top of the cutting edge is 1 2 above the router table e Set the router table fence forward so that the cutter will remove 1 3 of the material Make a cut on both sides of one edge of the test panel e Unplug the router e Set the fence back so that the cutter will remove the next 1 3 of the material Make another cut on both sides of the same edge of the test panel e Set the fence so that it is aligned with the bearing on the cutter Make another cut on both sides to remove the final portion of the material Test the fit of the test panel in one of the grooves in the edge of a stile If the panel is too tight the bit should be raised slightly if the panel is too loose the bit should be lowered slightly e Repeat the test cutting procedure descr
4. end of a rail that fits Raised into a pocket or Panels mortise in the stile Center Mortise A pocket cut Stile in a stile that matches the tenon on the end of a rail Figure 1 XXX X KX KX Materials Required In addition to the Freud Entry amp Interior Door router bits you will need the following tools and supplies to build your door unit Raised Panel Router Bit for profiling wooden raised panels Variable speed router 2 1 4 HP minimum 3 1 4 HP preferred Router table with fence miter gauge and two or more featherboards We also strongly recommend that a shop vacuum or dust collector be used with the router table Table saw for ripping stiles and rails Infeed and outfeed stock supports such as roller stands or similar devices to support long boards Mortising machine Drill Press with mortising attachment or Drill Press with brad point bits Various common woodworking hand tools including hammer chisels rule straight edge square coping saw Clamps with the capacity to secure all door joints A sturdy level work table or saw horses for door assembly Lumber for door parts and door jamb if required Exterior wood glue Glass for door sidelights and transom if needed Sealant or glazing tape for glass installation if needed A list of suggested sources for many materials used in making doors such as glue glass and thresholds will be found at www freudtools com Saf
5. not glue the raised panels The panels must float within the door and sidelights to allow for expansion and contraction If your door includes a center stile assemble and clamp these joints first With the door panels in place assemble the entire door and clamp all joints For glue recommendations please see the supplier list at www freudtools com c Allow the glue to cure at least 24 hours or longer if recommended by the glue manufacturer d Remove all clamps and carefully sand both sides of the door sidelights and transom Special Section I Installing Glass in the Door Unit a As shown in Figure 18 use a sharp high quality flush trim bit to remove the portion of the door profile where the glass will be inserted Remove the profile on one side of the door only Glass is normally installed from the inside of the door so be sure to remove the correct portion of the profile If you are building 1 3 4 thick doors Freud s 42 202 or 42 204 Downshear R i Flush Trim bits are great choices For 1 3 8 thick doors Freud s new 42 J 310 Flush Trim Bit with a unique flush bearing design is perfect for the task Figure 18 b Use a sharp chisel to square the corners of the area you routed in step 1 Inspect all surfaces of the routed area to be sure the wood is smooth and flat c Mill wooden glass stop For best appearance mill the stop from the same material used for the door In many cases you may have enough
6. 6 8 tall you will need to use three hinges Taller doors should be hung on at least four hinges For exterior doors 4 hinges are recommended 3 1 2 hinges are acceptable for most interior doors Butt style hinges with loose pins are easily found at any lumberyard home center or hardware store in a variety of sizes and finishes a Carefully fit your new door panel into the opening If both your door panel and door frame are perfectly square and correctly dimensioned this should not be difficult but slight corrections are not unusual Slowly and gradually plane cut or sand the edges of the door panel until it matches the shape of the frame b With the door standing in the frame and pressed snugly against the hinge jamb and the header mark the locations of the hinges on both the frame and the door panel Hinges should be placed so the top edge of the upper hinge is 5 to 7 from the top of the door the bottom edge of the bottom hinge should be 7 to 9 from the bottom of the door and one or more hinges should be evenly spaced in between c Cut mortises for your hinges in the edge of your door panel and door frame so the surface of the hinge is flush with the surface of the door or frame You can cut mortises with a chisel but a faster method is to use a hinge mortising jig with your router and a Freud router bit Freud has a selection of mortising bits to work with all common jigs d Install the hinges in the door ja
7. bottom rails divide the tenon into two parts as shown in Figure 14 Using a band saw jig Saw or coping saw cut a 1 1 2 space between the tenons DED XI XIX XIX c Lay out and cut mortises in the door stiles to accept the tenons The tenon should fit snugly into the mortise There are several ways to cut mortises e The easiest method is to use a mortiser or drill press mortising attachment Use a 5 8 hollow chisel mortising bit for 1 3 4 exterior doors or a 3 8 hollow chisel mortising bit for 1 3 8 doors If your mortiser will not accept 5 8 chisels make multiple cuts with a smaller chisel If you don t have a mortiser or mortising machine an alternative technique is to use a brad point bit or forstner bit 5 8 diameter for exterior doors 3 8 for interior doors in a drill press to remove most of the stock for the mortise and then use a chisel to remove the remaining stock and to square up the mortise Carefully center the brad point bit in the groove and drill only about 1 16 deeper than required for the tenon A third mortising technique combines the use of the drill press and brad point or forstner bits with Freud straight router bits to finish or clean out the mortise First use a brad point or forstner bit 5 8 diameter for exterior doors 3 8 for interior doors to remove most of the stock for the mortise Drill the holes as close together as possible Take care to be sure the hol
8. Entry Door Construction Made Simple with Freud s Entry amp Interior Door Router Bit System Congratulations on your purchase of Freud s Entry amp Interior Door Router Bit System This unique set allows you to build high quality 1 3 4 thick exterior doors or 1 3 8 thick interior doors plus beautiful sidelights and transoms in almost any size or style In this poster you ll find information on door construction planning amp preparation materials amp safety milling your parts routing your rails stiles profiles amp joints and installation Introduction to Door Construction Door units may consist of a number of elements As shown in Figure 1 the unit will include the hinged door sometimes called the door panel and may include one or two sidelights to flank the door Some units also include a transom above the door and sidelights Here are some other common terms that will be used throughout these instructions Stiles The vertical frame components of the door sidelight or transom Rails The horizontal frame components of Rails the door sidelight or transom Center Stile A vertical divider located between the stiles of D ti ihe door ecorative Glass Raised Panel A flat i wooden section with Stiles routed edges fitted into slots in the stiles and Mortise rails amp Tenon Joint Tenon An extended piece of wood on the
9. allation instructions or check with the tape supplier for more details 5 e Carefully place the glass in the opening against the glazing tape Follow the tape manufacturer s recommendations carefully to ensure a good seal Figure 21 Note Wear safety glasses and protective gloves when handling glass If you are unfamiliar with handling glass consult your glass supplier for complete information on proper safety procedures before proceeding f Carefully fit the wooden glass stop in the opening mitering the corners of each piece Install the glass stop using finish nails or screws Be sure to predrill the stop and use great care to avoid hitting the glass with the fasteners or your drill screwdriver or hammer Special Section 2 Building and installing the Door Frame or Jamb If you are simply replacing the door panel or even the sidelights and transom of an existing door unit you may be able to use the door frame that already is in place Check the door frame carefully for any signs of rot or other damage If it is good condition you need only build your new door panel and other parts to fit If you need to construct a new door frame refer to the following instructions and illustrations Note Before building or installing a new door frame contact your local building department to ask about applicable local codes The instructions that follow are only intended to illustrate the key aspects of door frame construction You
10. aw and all other tools b Mill all stock to final thickness If you do not have a thickness planer many lumber dealers and millwork shops will plane stock for a fee c Rip all stock to finished width See recommended widths in the previous section Be sure all edges are perfectly square and that all surfaces are straight and flat Freud s LM72R series or LU87R series ripping blades are excellent choices for this thick stock d Cut all parts to length using the formulas in the previous section Tip 1 Determine the best or face side of all components and use a pencil to label each component on the back Routing the Door Sidelight and Transom Parts Routing rail ends with stub tenons a Install the rail bit into the router collet The rail bit has two cutters separated by a ball bearing b Setting the bit height and making a test cut e Set the height of the bit so that it is vertically centered in your stock as shown in Figure 8 e Use a straight edge to align the router table infeed and outfeed fences with the bearing on the bit y Be sure that the fence is parallel to the miter gauge track e Make a test cut across the end of a test piece of stock by using a miter gauge to feed the stock perpendicularly across the cutter Figure 8 Tip 1 Make the opening between the infeed and outfeed fence as narrow as possible without touching the cutter to provide maximum support Tip 2 Use a backer board on the sled
11. e about Freud products or to order a catalog visit www freudtools com Freud America Inc 1 800 472 7307 U S 1 905 670 1025 Canada 2005 Freud America Inc No portion of this piece may be reprinted without the written consent of Freud America Inc The color Red on router bits and saw blades is a US Registered Trademark of Freud America Inc DEDA KX KA KX
12. es are perfectly centered in the groove of the stile Next build a simple mortising jig as shown below in Figure 15 and 16 Stop Block to control length of mortise Stop Block to Stop control length Block of mortise Bit shank acts as guide shank acts as Bit shank acts as guide acts as guide Ha ml qj First pass to clean mortise no more than 1 deep use Freud 12 116 Final pass to clean mortice Use Freud 12 128 for 2 1 2 deep mortises Full depth of mortise pre drilled to 2 1 2 using forstner or brand point bit Full depth of mortise pre drilled to 2 1 2 using forstner or brand point bit 1 PETEN thick E EE R TET cut to match stile width cut from 2x6 stock Figure 15 Figure 16 Clamp the stile securely between the sides of the jig As shown in the illustration you must attach stops to the top surface of the jig to control how far the router will rout the mortise Now use Freud straight router bits to carefully remove the remaining stock in the mortise As shown in the illustration the smooth portion of the shank of the bit will follow the inside of the groove and act as a guide for the router This may produce a slight burn on the inside surface of the stile groove but this is concealed when the door is assembled Depending on the depth of your mortise you will need to use two or more different bits to reach the full depth Please see the illustration for more details DED KX ix
13. ety Tips Creating your own entry or passage door is a fun and rewarding woodworking project that enables you to add curb appeal or distinction to any door of your home As with any woodworking project however your first concern must always be safety To get the best performance and results from your Freud cutting tools observe these safety recommendations for EACH operation Make sure that you are well rested before working with power equipment Do not use power equipment if you have consumed any drugs or alcohol If you are taking prescription medication check with your physician to ensure it is safe for you to operate power equipment Never use a router bit that is damaged or dull Always turn off and unplug the router before removing installing or adjusting bits adjusting the router or fence or assembling or disassembling bits N WARNING Failure to obey these warnings could lead to serious bodily injury or death Use router bits with a router only Carbide is a very hard and brittle material Slight shocks can damage the carbide Before each use check that the bit is sharp and free from damage DO NOT use the bit if it is dull broken cracked or if any damage is noticed or suspected Before each use make sure that at least 80 of the router bit shank is inserted into the collet The end of the bit shank should be at least 1 8 from the bottom of the collet Before each use ensure that the collet has been tighte
14. ibed above until your test panel slides easily into the groove The panel should not be loose or it will rattle in the door c Making the raised panel cuts e Reset the fence to remove 1 3 of the material from the panel e Make a cut along the end grain of the panel e Rotate the panel 1 4 turn counter clockwise and make a cut with the grain e Rotate the panel 1 4 turn counter clockwise and make a cut along the end grain of the panel e Rotate the panel 1 4 turn counter clockwise and make the final cut on the panel e Turn the panel over and repeat the four previous steps e Repeat on all panels e Reset the fence to remove the next 1 3 of the material from the panel Make four additional passes in counter clockwise sequence as above on both sides of the panel Repeat on all panels e Set the fence so that it is aligned with the bearing on the cutter Make the final four passes in a counter clockwise sequence on both sides of the panel as above e Repeat on all panels DED KX ix KX Assembling the Door Sidelights and Transom a Be sure to dry fit all parts of each element of the door unit before applying any glue Be certain that all joints will close completely and that the door will be flat and square when assembled Plan your clamping procedure in advance and be sure you have enough clamps on hand to secure all joints b Carefully apply glue to the tenons the ends of all rails and the matching locations on the stiles Do
15. ils as a guide to set the cutter height The top of the groove cutter and the top of the tongue on the rail end cut should be perfectly aligned as shown in Figure 11 e Make the cut in two passes setting the fence to remove 1 2 of the stock on the first pass e Make a cut along one edge of a test piece of stock e Use a straight edge to align the router table infeed and outfeed fences with the bearing on the bit then make the second pass Figure 12 c Fine tuning the cutter height Test fit the rail end cut into the stile cut on the test piece Both sides should be flush If the height is not right adjust the cutter up or down e Make another test cut and repeat the procedure until you achieve the correct alignment d Making the stile or profile cuts e With the good side of the rails and stiles facing down rout the stile profile on one edge of each rail and stile part Mid rails and center stiles should be routed on both edges Use two passes to make these cuts just as you did when routing your test piece Tip 1 Before routing mark which edges of each part should be routed Finish the mortise and tenon joints a First carefully haunch the tenons as shown in as shown in Figure 13 This step produces a stronger and more attractive joint and conceals the tenon within the end of the stile Cut the haunched tenon with a band saw jig saw or handsaw Figure 13 Figure 14 b For wide tenons such as those in the
16. ing and upper slot cutter Make note of the position of the thin shims between the cutter bearing and slot cutter e Remove the two 1 8 thick spacers e Replace the slot cutter shims bearing and upper cutter e Place the two 1 8 spacers on top of the upper cutter e Replace the nut and tighten securely If your bits are configured for routing 1 3 8 interior doors follow these steps to reconfigure the bits for 1 3 4 exterior doors On the rail or cope bit e Use a 1 2 wrench to loosen the nut on the top of the bit e Remove the two 1 8 thick spacers that are stored under the nut e Carefully remove the upper cutter and bearing Make note of the position of the thin shims between the bearing and upper cutter e Place the two 1 8 thick spacers on the flange that extends out from the center spindle of the bit e Replace the bearing shims and upper cutter e Replace the nut and tighten securely On the stile or stick bit e Use a 1 2 wrench to loosen the nut on the top of the bit e Remove the two 1 8 thick spacers that are stored under the nut e Carefully remove the upper cutter upper bearing and upper slot cutter Make note of the position of the thin shims between the cutter bearing and slot cutter e Place the two 1 8 thick spacers on top of the lower slot cutter e Replace the upper slot cutter shims bearing and upper cutter e Replace the nut and tighten securely freud To find out mor
17. ks Calculating Sizes of Door Parts Stock thickness 1 3 4 for exterior doors sidelights and transoms 1 3 8 for interior doors Note We recommend the following widths but if you already have decorative glass for your door unit or if you plan to use stock sizes of decorative glass check the size of the glass before proceeding You may need to adjust the stile and rail sizes below to accommodate your glass DED K XIX XIX keL Figure 2 Stile and Rail widths 1 Full length door panel stiles Use stiles at least 4 3 4 wide 2 Center stile 4 wide 3 Sidelight and transom stiles 2 1 2 wide Door and Sidelight Rails 4 Top rail 5 wide 5 Upper mid rail for 6 panel doors only not shown above 3 3 4 wide 6 Lower mid rail or mid rail for 1 2 light or 3 4 light doors 6 wide 7 Bottom rail 9 wide 8 Transom rails 2 1 2 wide DED K XIX XIX S z N m Stile lengths Should be equal to the finished height of the door sidelight or transom Note Length of center stiles with stub tenons distance between rails 1 Rail lengths are determined based on the width of the stiles and the length of the tenon you plan to use Rails with stub tenons For many joints in your door as well as any stile and rail joints in sidelights and transoms you can use the rail bit as it was supplied from factory This produces a 1 2 long stub tenon as show
18. mb and in your door panel be sure to predrill the holes Carefully align the two matching leaves or butts of each hinge and install the hinge pins Start with the top hinge and work downward e If necessary mark and trim the latch side of the door so it closes easily with a gap of not more than 3 32 Installing a lockset When you purchase a lockset it should include detailed installation instructions as well as templates to lay out hole locations Hole sizes and patterns vary for different manufacturers and lock styles so follow the instructions with care If instructions were not included with the lockset you purchased return it or contact the manufacturer before proceeding DEDA KX ix KX Special Section 4 Optional Glue Joining Instructions for Making Large Panels For wider raised panels in your doors and sidelights you will need to join two or more pieces of stock together edge to edge A fast and easy way to align the sections of your panels is to use football shaped biscuits or splines Freud offers top quality pressed beechwood biscuits item 900 20 as well as two very accurate means to cut biscuit slots Two ways to cut slots for biscuits 1 Using Freud s JS100 or JS102 Biscuit Joiner or other brands of biscuit joiner First read and be sure that you understand all instructions and safety warnings that came with the biscuit joiner If you have any questions contact the tool manufacturer before proceeding
19. n in Figure 3 Here is a formula for calculating the length of rails with these stub tenons Rail length door sidelight or transom width stile width x 2 1 Example for a 36 wide door with 4 3 4 wide stiles the calculation is 36 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 27 1 2 Figure 3 lt 1 2 Long Stub Tenon Rails with extended tenons Joints that form the top and bottom corners of the door panel are subject to more stress so you should use longer tenons as shown in Figure 4 You also may wish to use a longer tenon for joints between the middle rail and the stiles for extra strength The procedure for milling longer tenons will be described in the section to follow For these high stress joints of 3 0 wide doors Freud recommends tenons of at least 2 1 2 length For 2 8 wide or narrower doors use at least 2 long tenons Here are formulas for calculating rail length including these tenons Rails with 2 1 2 Tenons Rail door width stile width X 2 5 Example for a 36 wide door with 4 3 4 wide stiles the calculation is 36 4 3 4 4 3 4 5 31 1 2 Figure 4 2 1 2 Long Extended Tenon Rails with 2 Tenons Rail door width stile width X 2 4 Example for a 32 wide door with 4 3 4 wide stiles the calculation is 32 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 26 1 2 DED K XIX XIX Wooden Panels 9 Allow for expansion of the panels as h
20. ned and that the work piece is secure Read and obey all warnings and instructions contained in the router s user s manual and for any accessory that is used If you do not have the correct user s manual obtain one from the manufacturer before using the router bit DED K XIX XIX Always wear eye protection or a full face shield complying with current ANSI Standard 287 1 Keep body clothing and hair clear of spinning bit Do not wear loose hanging clothing or jewelry Use a router table and fence wherever possible Be sure all guards are in place Bits over 1 1 2 in diameter must only be used with the router mounted in the table Use multiple passes when removing large quantities of material Never use bit on router that will exceed maximum recommended RPM of bit If you have any questions regarding your router bits please call Freud Customer Service at 800 472 7307 In Canada call 800 263 7016 Before making any structural alterations to your home consult a licensed general contractor licensed architect or professional engineer Be sure to consult your local building authority before proceeding with your door project Keep these instructions in a safe place for future reference Planning and Preparation a Contact your local building department to ask about local codes for door construction and installation The instructions that follow are only intended to illustrate the steps involved in door construc
21. on the back side of your panel sections You will rout the sections with the face down on the router table so your marks will only be visible if they are on the back e Carefully rout a slot at each biscuit location in all sections of the panels Be sure to rout all slots with the face surface down on the router table Assemble the panel sections e Arrange all sections to be glued together on a flat surface e Apply glue to all edges and in the biscuit slots e Place a biscuit in each slot and slide the sections together e Use plenty of clamps to close the joint completely e Wipe off excess glue and leave clamped overnight e Sand or plane the panel flat and smooth DED KX ix KX Special Section 5 Configuring the Bits For 1 3 8 or 1 3 4 Doors lf your bits are configured for routing 1 3 4 thick exterior doors follow these steps to reconfigure the bits for 1 3 8 interior doors On the rail or cope bit e Use a 1 2 wrench to loosen the nut on the top of the bit e Carefully remove the upper cutter and bearing Make note of the position of the thin shims between the bearing and upper cutter e Remove the two 1 8 thick spacers e Replace the bearing shims and upper cutter e Place the two 1 8 spacers on top of the upper cutter e Replace the nut and tighten securely On the stile or stick bit e Use a 1 2 wrench to loosen the nut on the top of the bit e Carefully remove the upper cutter upper bear
22. or miter gauge to reduce the chance for blow out at the back end of the cope cut c Fine tune the cutter height as needed to center the profile in the workpiece If the profile is below the center of the workpiece raise the bit slightly If the profile is above the center of the workpiece lower the cutter slightly e Hold the test cut stock against the cutter to ensure that the end of the tongue was touching the cutter bearing when the cut was made d Making the rail end cuts e With the good or face side of the rails facing down make the rail end cut on each end of all rails Routing rail ends with long tenons a Removing the top section of the Rail Bit and setting the fence e Engage the router s shaft lock or use a wrench to hold the router shaft e Use the included wrench to remove the upper portion of the rail bit as shown in Figure 9 Do not change the height of the router or the lower section of the router bit DED K Xx XIX Figure 9 Figure 10 Thread the flathead screw included with your set into the base of the rail bit This will prevent dust and chips from falling into the threaded hole Tighten the screw securely e Long tenons should be routed in multiple passes Begin by moving the fence back 1 2 from the position used for the stub tenons Be sure that the fence is parallel to the miter gauge track b Making the first cuts for long tenons e Use a miter gauge and with the good or
23. r local building codes may have special requirements particularly in areas that are prone to severe weather Elements of the door frame Figure 22 a Sill or threshold This is the horizontal element that forms the base of a door frame This is usually found only on exterior door units Interior door frames are usually open at the base allowing the flooring material to go through the opening The sill or threshold on exterior doors provides a seal to prevent air and moisture from coming under the door and is angled to shed water away b Header This is the horizontal element that forms the top of the door frame c Sides or Hinge Jamb and Strike Jamb Vertical elements that form the sides of the door frame d Mullion or Mull Post Vertical element that stands between the door panel and the sidelights Door frame parts are commonly available at lumberyards and home centers If you have trouble finding suitable door frame parts locally refer to the supplier list at freudtools com Note If you are building a frame for an exterior door be sure to purchase frame parts that include weatherstripping or add weatherstripping yourself after installation e Assemble the frame first on a flat surface then install your door frame securely in the wall opening A poorly constructed or installed door frame will affect the appearance and function of your new door panel e For interior doors nails can be used to assemble the frame and attach i
24. scrap stock left when you rip your stiles and rails to finished width to make the glass stop We suggest that you use the stile bit from your Entry Door Set to mill the glass stop Begin with a piece of stock the same thickness as your door 1 3 for exterior doors 1 3 8 for interior doors and wide enough to safely handle in routing and sawing operations Rout the stile profile exactly as you routed the stiles in Section III Routing the profile on stiles and rails observing all of the safety procedures in those instructions If your stock is wide enough rout both sides to produce four pieces of glass stop as shown in Figure 19 Figure 19 Note for safety rout the glass stop from material larger than the finished size of the stop then rip to finished size on the table saw As shown in Figure 20 Figure 20 Be sure to read and follow all of the safety instructions included with your table saw If you are uncertain about safe procedures for ripping narrow pieces of molding consult your saw supplier or manufacturer before proceeding DED KX XIX KX d As shown in Figure 21 apply 1 16 or 3 32 thick glazing tape to the remaining section of the stile profile Apply the tape on all four sides of the opening and fit the tape carefully to avoid gaps Apply sealant to the joints between the sections of tape Refer to the instructions that came with the tape for recommended sealants and Glazing Tape complete inst
25. t to wall framing DEDA KX XIX KX Header Jamb E lt gt Header Jamb Strike Jamb Mullion Hinge Jamb Mullion Se Figure 22 Door Sill Threshold e For exterior doors stainless steel or galvanized screws are the preferred fasteners e When installing exterior door frames put a generous amount of caulking under the threshold or sill in continuous beads to prevent water from seeping between the sill and subfloor or slab e Be sure that all vertical elements are perfectly plumb or vertical all horizontal elements are level and all corners of the frame are square e Because rough door openings in walls are commonly a little larger than the finished size of the door frame there may be space between the door frame and the wall framing Be sure to fill this space with wooden shim shingles at all fastener locations Be especially careful to shim solidly at the locations of hinges and locks as these points are most prone to failure e Consult your building department for complete requirements for door framing required fastening systems insulation wind resistance and other local regulations DED KX ix KX Special Section 3 Installing Door Hinges and Hardware Installing or hanging a door panel in an existing frame If you are replacing a door panel in an existing door frame you may be able to use the hinges that are already in place Follow these steps a Remove the exis
26. ting hinges and any other protruding hardware from the door frame b Carefully fit your new door panel into the opening Many existing door frames may be slightly out of plumb or the header may be out of level due to normal shifting and settling of the building Slowly and carefully plane cut or sand the edges of the door panel until it matches the shape of the frame The door should slip easily into the opening but it should not be loose c With the door standing in the frame and pressed snugly against the hinge side and the header mark the locations of the existing hinge mortises d Cut mortises for your hinges in the edge of your door panel so the surface of the hinge is flush with the surface of the door or frame You can cut hinge mortises with a sharp chisel but a faster method is to use a hinge mortising jig with your router and a Freud router bit Freud has a selection of mortising bits to work with all common jigs e Reinstall the hinges on the door jamb Install the hinges in your door panel be sure to predrill the holes f Carefully align the two matching leaves or butts of each hinge and install the hinge pins Start with the top hinge and work downward g If necessary mark and trim the latch side of the door so it closes easily with a gap of not more than 3 32 between the door panel and jamb Installing a door panel in a new frame If you are hanging a door in a new door frame follow these steps For doors up to
27. tion Your local building codes may have special requirements particularly in areas that are prone to severe weather Be sure to obey all local building codes Note Product Has Not Undergone DP Rating Procedures b Plan the project carefully before purchasing materials Refer to the reference below for formulas to calculate the widths and lengths of your stiles rails panels and glass inserts If this is your first door construction project or if you are building a complex unit with sidelights or a transom you may find it helpful to draw out the stiles rails and other elements full size to serve as a construction blueprint This will serve as a handy reference for calculating and double checking the sizes of all parts of the project Note If the project requires that you build a new door jamb be sure to allow for the thickness of the jamb elements as you calculate your door and sidelight dimensions Refer to Special Section 2 for more information on door jamb construction and installation c Be sure to obtain enough stock to build the complete door unit plus extra stock for making test cuts This will make it easier to match the grain and color of the material for a more attractive finish and milling all stock to thickness at the same time avoids inconsistencies that can affect the quality of your joints d Choose stock with care Lumber for door construction must be perfectly straight and free from defects such as knots splits and chec
28. umidity changes Panels will expand more across their width across the grain than they will along their length with the grain Calculate Panel sizes as follows Width distance between stiles 3 4 allows 1 8 on each side for expansion Width Of Panel 1 8 a Figure 5 1 8 1 2 gt lt _ _ gt 4 1 2 Distance Between Stiles Length distance between rails 7 8 allows 1 16 on each end for expansion Length Of Panel e R a 1 16 lt Figure 6 ae 16 Distance Between Rails Note When making wider panels you ll want to glue stock together to form the panel See the special section entitled Optional Glue Joining Instructions for Making Large Panels Glass inserts for doors sidelights and rectangular transoms Please note when ordering decorative glass be certain that the dimensions provided by the supplier are the actual size of the glass Some suppliers provide dimensions that include an attached frame which is not used in this type of door construction Width distance between stiles 3 4 Length distance between rails 3 4 Length Width Of Glass 1 8 gt 1 8 Figure 7 1 2 it 1 2 Distance Between Stiles Rails Visit www freudtools com for a list of decorative glass suppliers DED K XIX XIX Mill and Cut Your Door Sidelight and Transom Parts a Read and follow all safety instructions that came with these router bits as well as your planer s
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