Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Avoiding Trapping
Contents
1. 2 Typical hazards causal factors and control measures 2 1 Annexes 1 and 2 give typical hazards that may be present They describe causal factors for such hazards such as overhead obstructions in the path of the MEWP or leaning over the guard rails The guidance identifies measures which can help to protect against the hazards identified and should be considered as part of the risk assessment The list is comprehensive but not exhaustive 3 Planning 3 1 Method of work 3 1 1 3 1 2 Consideration should be given to e the need for carrying out the work at height e g whether or not the work could be carried out at ground level e sequencing activities to avoid the presence of obstructions that could cause trapping risks and e adopting alternative working methods that avoid or reduce trapping risks when using a MEWP Annex 3 lists factors that need to be taken into account when planning work at height that involves trapping risks e g identifying the range of work and selecting equipment to minimise the chances of trapping occurring 3 2 Risk assessment 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 The hazards referred to in Annexes 1 amp 2 and guidance in Annex 3 should be taken into account when formulating safe methods of working Risk assessment should cover e travelling to and from the work area e accessing the work area and e working at height Particular attention should be given to lighting levels additional task or per2. Phillip White HM Chief Inspector of Construction Chair of the HSE Construction Industry Advisory Committee CONIAC Contents Foreword Introduction page How to use this guidance Part 1 Guidance for Planners Managers and Training Bodies 1 Purpose of Part 1 2 Typical hazards causal factors and control measures 3 Planning 3 1 Method of work 3 2 Risk assessment 3 3 MEWP selection 3 4 Safe system of work 3 5 Emergency plan and drills 3 6 Co ordination with other activities and preparation of work areas 4 Supervision and monitoring 5 Competency and training 5 1 Competency 5 2 Training 5 3 Records 6 Fitting additional devices or equipment on MEWPs Annexes la 2 ol pa Hazards Causal Factors and Control Measures Travelling to and from the work area Hazards Causal Factors and Control Measures Accessing the work area and working at height Important Factors in Planning Important Factors when Selecting a MEWP Emergency Descent Decal MEWP Categories Emergency procedures References Part 2 Guidance for supervisors operators and rescuers How to use this guidance The trapping crushing risk 10 Ways to reduce risk O CO CO NNN NN 10 10 10 11 12 14 16 20 22 24 25 26 26 27 29 Introduction The use of mobile elevating work platforms MEWPs is increasing as the benefits for productivity and safety are recognised They are
3. acknowledged by many to be the safest and most efficient means of providing temporary access to height for many work activities The increased use of MEWPs in construction maintenance and other applications where trapping risks are present has led to accidents in which people on the platform have been trapped between the platform often referred to as a cage or basket and objects in the work area In some cases these accidents involved fatality Managers must take a lead in identifying when trapping risks are present in the work activities they control Where trapping risks are present extra care is needed and all involved must understand what they need to do to avoid or reduce the risks involved Accidents can be avoided if good practice is encouraged and followed The basis of preventing trapping accidents must be task site and equipment specific risk assessment All involved in the management and operation of MEWPs need to understand how to minimise the risks of Someone being trapped in the basket and the importance of having effective rescue procedures should such an entrapment occur How to use this guidance This guidance has been produced by the Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group It has been split into two parts Part 1 is aimed at planners managers and trainers It provides information on hazards risk assessment controls and responsibilities The annexes to Part 1 provide detailed information which can assist in
4. and implemented 5 2 Training Site Management 5 2 1 Managers with responsibility for work where people on the platform may be trapped between the platform and objects in the work area should have knowledge of the factors that should be considered before selecting a MEWP for use They should also understand the risks involved in the work when MEWPs are in use General guidance Is provided in HSE Information Sheet CIS 58 This Best Practice Guidance supplements CIS 58 and gives specific advice to deal with the potential for trapping 10 5 2 2 A MEWPs for Managers training course is available for people who manage work activities involving MEWPs Supervisors 5 2 3 Supervisors should be instructed in the hazards causal factors and control measures identified in the task specific risk assessments for the work to be carried out Annexes 1 and 2 They should be familiar with the plans for the work to be carried out Annex 3 and take part in regular on site emergency lowering drills Annex 7 In addition it is recommended that Supervisors are familiar with the contents of Part 2 of this guidance MEWP operators 5 2 4 1 Operators must e be competent to operate the MEWP in the working conditions to which they are exposed e be instructed in local hazards and site rules e have attended a recognised basic training course and e be familiar with the make and model of MEWP they are authorised to operate 5 2 4 2 It is important t
5. P If you substantially modify a MEWP then you become the new MEWP manufacturer and are responsible for complying with SMS There is no definition of what is a substantial modification MEWPs are Annex IV machinery under Directive 2006 42 EC so they are subject to special conformity assessment procedures European Standard EN 280 2001 A2 2009 is a harmonised standard under the Directive and provides guidance on how MEWP designs can comply with the EHSRs of 2006 42 EC Manufacturers can choose to assess conformity against the standard or against the EHSRs To assist them to comply with the Directive manufacturers normally choose to have their designs examined and certified by Notified Bodies The Directive also allows manufacturers to self certify their designs by demonstrating full compliance with EN 280 Additional equipment or device s may be classed under SMS as safety components Safety components have to comply with Regulation 7 1 in the same way as machinery see section 6 2 3 Compliance with Regulation 7 1 means only that the safety component meets the EHSRs relevant to the safety component Before fitting any safety component to a MEWP you should follow the procedure given in Additional devices or equipment see Section 6 2 6 to ensure that the device is suitable for use with the MEWP Additional devices or equipment 6 2 6 If additional devices or equipment are proposed to be fitted to a MEWP then further risk assessment i
6. P when operating the platform travel controls Lighting that makes objects adjacent to the platform that are positioned adjacent to and above the top of the platform guard rails difficult to see Operator having to lean over the guard rails to view pedestrians or other vehicles at ground level when moving the MEWP Examples of control measures Provide and maintain ground ina condition suitable for the MEWP to operate on Do not raise the platform on soft ground adjacent to steps over voids or service ducts and use spreaders as necessary Leaning over guard rails to view the MEWP base wheels or tracks while manoeuvring the MEWP and not looking for adjacent obstructions or squeezing past overhead objects are bad practices that should be prohibited Do not lean over the platform controls while moving Avoid distractions e g use of mobile phone while travelling or moving the platform Don t put objects on the platform control panel that could move and activate the controls Do not place materials on the guard rails that could move and distract the operator Always check the direction of movement of the MEWP with reference to the direction arrows on the MEWP base and platform controls before activating the control Provide adequate background and task lighting where necessary taking into account weather time of day seasonal changes and the work environment Additional lighting needs careful design Cor
7. Part 1 is aimed at planners managers and trainers It provides information on hazards risk assessment controls and responsibilities The annexes to Part 1 provide detailed information which can assist in the identification of trapping risks and in the planning and managing of work activities to protect against entrapment accidents Part 2 is aimed at those using MEWPs and those responsible for rescuing anyone trapped on a MEWP platform Part 2 has been designed to be used in briefings or toolbox talks Note that this document is not intended to be complete guidance on all aspects of MEWP operation Operators of MEWP must at all times be trained and competent 26 A The Trapping Crushing Risk MEWPs are acknowledged to be the safest and most efficient means of providing temporary access at height for many work activities In some work situations however MEWP operators particularly of boom tyoe MEWPs have been trapped crushed between the MEWP platform basket and an overhead obstruction This has resulted in a significant number of serious accidents including several deaths in the UK in recent years In some of these accidents the operator s body was trapped crushed over the control panel trapping the controls in the on position and making the crushing worse This Best Practice Guidance has been produced by the Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group to raise awareness of this risk among MEWP operators superv
8. STRATEGIC VFORUM FOR CONSTRUCTION Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Avoiding Trapping Crushing Injuries to People in the Platform Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group gt GIN a p y T 2 z gz 2 2 BCSA ey Ins we l IAE O stiona Construction College The training division of CanstructionSkalls e weenie skills CAAA FA S E T HSE Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Avoiding Trapping Crushing Injuries to People in the Platform Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group STRATEGIC MPFORUMN HSE a Ace Working in Partnership Reference No CPA 1002 First Published July 2010 Published for the Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group by Construction Plant hire Association 27 28 Newbury St London EC1A 7HU Telephone 020 7796 3366 Email enquiries cpa uk net CPA Copyright July 2010 Foreword Every year the construction industry is responsible for causing deaths and serious injury The industry has done much to improve its performance which welcome but there is still room for improvement Our industry is innovative and equipment is constantly evolving and developing so that construction processes can become increasingly efficient This has consequences for site management who must ensure that operators are competent capable of operating equipment safely and are following safe working procedures A mobile elevati
9. and be competent to carry out rescue operations They should be familiarised with the safety devices on the MEWP in use its emergency lowering systems and ground controls They should check the emergency lowering functions with the operator during the daily pre use checks 5 2 9 3 Rescuers should be trained in the procedures to follow when rescuing people Annex 7 and take part in on site emergency lowering drills 5 2 5 4 It is recommended that rescuers are familiar with the contents of Part 2 of this guidance 5 3 Records Records should be kept of the training received 11 6 Fitting additional devices or equipment on MEWPs 6 1 Task specific risk assessment may indicate that fitting additional equipment or device s to a MEWP may provide additional safety in particular types of work If you wish to fit additional equipment or devices then you should obtain advice from a person or body who is competent to assess whether or not such a change to the MEWP will compromise its safety You may consult the MEWP manufacturer but should note that health and safety law does not oblige manufacturers to give advice on the fitting of additional equipment or devices on their products 6 2 There are specific legal requirements which need to be understood and followed by anyone who fits additional equipment or device s on a MEWP The main requirements to be considered are the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 and the Supply of Machiner
10. and should be carried in approved containers and or using approved materials handling attachments Distractions on the ground people or objects near the MEWP base should be removed before operating and exclusion zones complied with lV Do not obstruct MEWP controls Basket controls basket platform hand and foot controls should not be obstructed Tools and materials which could obstruct the controls should not be placed on the MEWP control panel but stored in approved containers and and or using approved materials handling attachments Once in position consider isolating the power until you need to re position to reduce the risks of accidental operation Emergency lowering controls these controls could be required to effect an emergency rescue and should not be obstructed by objects on the ground e g operating MEWP close to a wall with emergency controls facing the wall IV Slow down don t crouch over the controls and look lV Do not override the MEWP controls or use faulty MEWPs V Rehearse rescue procedure The following points should have been considered before using the MEWP In extreme cases and or where an operation involves repeatedly working close to an obstruction an observed dry run could be appropriate to look for potential entrapment risks that could result in a rescue being required e Ensure ground key available The ground key for the MEWP should ideally be left in the base unit where t
11. ccessing the work area and working at height Note the Table does not imply any priority order for the hazards causal factors and examples of control measures Hazard Typical causal factors Overhead Using the wrong type or size of obstructions MEWP for the nature of access adjacent to the required path that the platform needs to Mistakes rushing to get the job follow while being done and lack of concentration raised into the can cause the MEWP operator to work area at drive the platform into overhead height obstructions using the lift slew and or travel controls Overhead Overhead objects close to the obstructions work platform can present while working in immediate trapping risks when the work area the platform or MEWP is moved using the lift lower slew or travel controls Obstructions below head height can present immediate risks when starting to move the platform Operator not moving the platform sufficiently clear of an obstruction before operating the MEWP travel or slew controls NOTE rapid platform movements can be created when the slew and main boom lift controls are operated Examples of control measures Telescopic boom articulated boom and vertical lift MEWPs have different access characteristics and the most suitable type should be chosen for the work tasks to be carried out and the environment in which it is used Plan synchronise work tasks to avoid the presence of unnecessary obstruc
12. controls In situations where keeping the key in the base is not ideal e g when working on or adjacent to public highways additional control measures should be implemented These may include the provision of a second key to be held by the designated person who is authorised to act in the event of an emergency 24 References 1 2 INDG163 Five steps to risk assessment Health and Safety Executive HSE British Standard Code of Practice BS 8460 2005 Safe Use of MEWPs European standard EN 280 2009 A2 2009 Mobile elevating work platforms Design calculations Stability criteria Construction Safety Examinations and tests Information Sheet CIS 58 The Selection and Management of MEWPs Health and Safety Executive HSE MEWPs for Managers Training Course International Powered access Federation IPAF Technical Guidance Note F 1 08 07 Familiarisation International Powered access Federation IPAF Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 Statutory Instrument 1998 No 2306 Supply of Machinery Safety Regulations 2008 Statutory Instrument 2008 No 1597 25 Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Avoiding Trapping Crushing Injuries to People in the Platform Part 2 Guidance for Trained Operators and Rescuers How to use this guidance This is the second part of guidance produced by the Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group
13. don off the work area to prevent collisions and keep pedestrians at a safe distance Hazard Objects on the ground in the area that the MEWP needs to manoeuvre Operator error when using the MEWP platform controls Typical causal factors Leaning over the guard rails to view objects on the ground distracts the operator from watching out for overhead obstructions while the platform is being raised or the MEWP position manoeuvred Mistakes rushing to get the job done and lack of concentration of MEWP operator distractions caused by others or work that the MEWP operator has to carry out Examples of control measures Before using the MEWP remove obstacles as necessary from the area in which you will manoeuvre Take your time and don t be rushed unnecessarily Annex 3 Important factors in planning Note that this section assumes that risk assessment has identified that work at height cannot be avoided and that a MEWP is the most suitable way of doing it 1 Identify the range of work which is to be done from MEWPs and the means by which they will reach the work position Plan to remove hazards as far as possible to limit reliance on methods of work and operator actions to control risk In other words g Pye design out hazards as far as possible i using costo Pa Chris ami Lifting Pj pee cotati se 2 Consider for all activities what the potential might be for operators becoming trapped against objects Y
14. e becomes trapped Locating emergency controls 3 5 4 3 5 5 The location of the operator s instruction manual should be identified in the emergency plan so those people who are authorised to operate the ground and emergency controls can refer to it The International Powered Access Federation IPAF has developed an Emergency Descent decal see Annex 5 This can be used in conjunction with existing manufacturer s symbols on the MEWP to aid location of the emergency controls Periodic drills 3 5 6 The emergency descent controls and systems are often specific to individual machines As such periodic drills should be required for those who have on site responsibility for the rescue of a trapped person These drills must include practising the use of the ground controls and emergency controls for each machine in use 3 6 Co ordination with other activities and preparation of work areas 3 6 1 MEWPs will rarely be used in isolation from other work activities and preparations are likely to be required to enable them to be used safely in work areas where trapping risks are present The work should be planned taking these issues into account The people responsible for the following activities should be identified and their responsibilities defined in the safe system of work e maintaining overhead objects on any designated travel route that MEWPs are expected to use e preparing and maintaining the ground that MEWPs are expected to w
15. e situation e g because they are incapacitated then people in the platform who are authorised by their employer and have been trained and familiarised as an operator may take control of the MEWP using the platform controls 2 If the above is not possible then a person at ground level can lower the MEWP provided they have been e familiarised with the use of the emergency lowering systems and ground controls on the MEWP e instructed through appropriate emergency drills and in the procedures to follow under the emergency plan Section 3 and e authorised to carry out rescue at ground level by their employer Lowering the platform Scan the travel path of the platform and check for any obstruction that could prevent the platform from being lowered or that the platform could contact while it is being lowered Take into account the position of any platform extension deck Ground controls may not have the same sensitivity and overrun characteristics as the platform controls Use the controls that provide the best control of movements and take special care when the platform is close to any obstruction Follow the sequence telescope elevate slew drive so far as possible when using controls Ground control key It is important to ensure that the keys remain in the base unit during normal operation This is necessary because the ground controls normally provide a much quicker way of bringing the platform to ground level than using the emergency
16. each and flexibility of platform movements to allow all work positions to be accessed and allow the operators to carry out their necessary work tasks while standing on the platform floor 20 Non rough terrain types should not be used on rough terrain MEWPs intended only for use indoors are designed for zero wind conditions and should not be used outdoors or in strong draughts This can affect the decision on whether to use a vertical lift telescopic boom or articulated boom MEWP and the amount of outreach required The variety of platform positions in the work area that are achievable using vertical lift MEWPs and telescopic and articulated booms with and without extension platforms will affect the decision on the type of MEWP required for the work Separation distances from Limited size platforms and The physical size of the adjacent objects while pedestal end or top mounted platform and nature of the accessing and working in platforms can provide greater mounting structure on some the work area at height separation distances from MEWPs can create obstacles to adjacent objects while working accessing and moving the in the work area at height platform in the work area at height Separation distances from Boom MEWPs with fly jibs can Fly jibs allow a greater flexibility adjacent objects while decrease the risk of contacting of platform positions when raising the platform to objects while raising the raising the platfor
17. ection 3 2 and identify the e type of MEWPs to be used see Annex 4 e hazards that need to be taken into account see Annexes 1 amp 2 when travelling to accessing or working in the work area e control measures to be adopted see Annexes 1 and 2 e competence and training requirements see Section 5 for those involved in the work and e emergency arrangements see section 3 5 The SSW should be communicated to all persons involved in the planning and management of the work tasks The hazards identified and control measures to be adopted should be communicated to those who supervise and carry out the work tasks 3 5 Emergency plan and drills Rescue Plans 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 9 3 It is a legal requirement to plan for emergencies and rescue when anyone is working at height Rescuing quickly someone who has become trapped can make a very significant difference to the injuries sustained it may be the difference between life and death There must always be someone at ground level who is able to take action in the event of an emergency while a MEWP is in use and trapping risks are present A suitable rescue plan must be developed to ensure that emergency recovery can be carried out safely and quickly in the event of an operator or anyone else becoming trapped between the platform and an adjacent object MEWP operators supervisors and others involved should be briefed on and practice the emergency procedures to follow if someon
18. elling distracts the operator s view of overhead obstructions Trapping of the operator against the platform controls while the MEWP is travelling prevents the operator from controlling MEWP movements and increases the likelihood of serious injury ina trapping incident Choose an appropriate size of model and type of MEWP for the access route required Where possible choose a route that avoids overhead obstructions Ensure sufficient clearance when travelling under or past overhead obstructions taking account of the platform movements that can occur when travelling Do not use excessive speed when close to obstructions On MEWPs with platforms controls that can be operated remote from the platform use the remote control rather than squeeze past obstructions and stand sufficiently clear of movement Thoroughfares for MEWPs should be kept clear Do not lean over the platform controls while moving Avoid distractions e g use of mobile phone while travelling or moving the platform Don t put objects on the platform control panel that could move and activate the controls Hazard Typical causal factors Examples of control measures Do not place materials on the guard rails that could move and distract the operator Lighting Poor inadequate lighting of the Provide adequate background and task conditions vehicle route in areas where lighting where necessary taking into making overhead obstructions exist can acc
19. en activated e Dead Man Controls e g foot pedals what happens if you remove your foot from the foot pedal and re insert in a simulated slumped over the controls situation e Operating Past the 90 Degree Position how do the controls work when a boom type MEWP is slewed past the 90 degree position Personnel on the ground who are competent to lower the MEWP in an emergency should undergo familiarisation with the emergency and ground controls and practice emergency lowering procedures at regular intervals in accordance with the emergency rescue plan Ground conditions must be assessed by someone with adequate knowledge and experience vi Ensure good ground conditions Ground conditions should be suitable for the safe operation of the machine The ground should where possible be relatively level and compacted with no obstructions in the operating zone All trenches column bases and pits should be identified and protected lf ground conditions are poor do not operate the MEWP V Ensure good visibility at height When working inside the building and at times of low light e g in winter months or in poor weather adequate lighting should be provided or work suspended 30 lV Minimise distractions Distractions in the platform basket such as mobile phones and trailing cables should be strongly discouraged Loose materials on the MEWP handrails or in the basket of the MEWP should be prohibited
20. his is practicable or at least quickly available at ground level if not Appoint a ground rescue person While the MEWP manoeuvre is taking place at least one and as many as is appropriate designated ground rescue person should be appointed who knows the rescue procedure and has been familiarised with the MEWP being used including emergency rescue controls They should always be readily available in the event of an emergency Consider how to raise the alarm A system must be in place to identify that an operator may have become trapped particularly for lone workers working close to an overhead structure This needs very careful consideration if the operator cannot be seen from the ground Operators must take advice If such a system has not been put in place when a risk of entrapment is present Decide who should effect the rescue and how This depends on the complexity of the operation and therefore the relative risk of effecting a rescue from the ground compared to the risk of an operator possibly in a state of panic trying to rescue himself It also depends on how the controls for the specific MEWP being used function if the load cell has been activated The order of priority should be 1 Operator the operator or other competent people in the basket should try to rescue themselves by re tracing the steps they took in reverse order 2 Ground staff if visibility and understanding of situation from the ground are good grou
21. hould be the last resort Driving a boom type MEWP at height should be the manoeuvre of last resort when positioning the platform close to an overhead obstruction since it can create unexpected movements that make fine adjustment of the platform position difficult to achieve lf driving at height is considered the least risk option booms should be driven at their slowest speeds this is of particular relevance at lower heights when drive speeds are faster 29 lv Select MEWP carefully It is important to ensure the MEWP selected is suitable for the specific manoeuvre to be carried out if working close to an overhead obstruction Particular attention should be given to the choice of e Reach of machine ideally it is better not to operate close to the limit of the machine s operating envelope e Clearance ensure MEWP and platform are not too large for the spaces in which the machine must be operated lv Ensure familiarisation is specific lt is essential that appropriately trained operators receive a familiarisation that is specific to the MEWP they plan to use conducted in a low risk area away from overhead structures In addition to familiarity with the normal operating controls of the MEWP the minimum standard for each operator is to fully understand e Emergency Descent Controls how to use the emergency lowering controls both under power and auxiliary modes including how the controls work once the load cell has be
22. ie Mark Keily Dylan Roberts Tom Moloney Tim Watson Peter Wilson James Dobson Tony Wheel Reference No CPA 1002 First Published July 2010 JLG AFI Uplift AFI Uplift Balfour Beatty Balfour Beatty BCSA BCSA Blue Sky Access Blue Sky Access drafting group leader Bovis Lend Lease Bovis Lend Lease ConstructionSkills ConstructionSkills ConstructionSkills CPA Chairman CPA Grosvenor Power HSE HSE HSE HSL HSL IPAF IPAF IPAF drafting group leader IPAF JLG Kier Lavendon Group London 2012 Miller National Grid Niftylift PAC Peter Jones Consulting Severfield Rowen Simons Group Sir Robert McAlpine Skanska Skanska Skyjack Europe Tim Watson Consulting UCATT UKCG UKCG Published for the Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group by Construction Plant hire Association 27 28 Newbury St London EC1A 7HU CPA Copyright July 2010 33
23. isors and rescuers For more detailed information please refer to the Part 1 of this document A What causes the risk Common reasons for accidents include any of the following while operating a MEWP close to an overhead obstruction e Reversing Slewing or Elevating into an obstruction e Unexpected movement of the boom near to an obstruction A What factors increase the risk The factors listed below may increase risk when operating a MEWP close to an overhead obstruction Guidance on ways to reduce these risks is given on page 29 e Poor MEWP route planning e Poor MEWP selection e Insufficient MEWP familiarisation e Uneven ground e Poor visibility at height e Distractions when operating MEWP e Objects placed on the control panel e High drive speeds or lack of care e Overriding MEWP controls e Using faulty or poorly maintained MEWPs Note MEWPs should only be operated by trained operators 27 A Common Rescue Problems Once trapped rescue can often be hampered because No one knows the person is trapped e No emergency rescue plan e No key in ground level controls This limits the ability to use ground level controls in an emergency e Lack of familiarity with ground emergency descent controls Ground operatives who have never practised using the ground rescue controls and cannot therefore safely bring the basket down in an emergency e Overload cell has been activated This can affect the operati
24. m to access access the work area at platform to access the work area the work area height at height Fine adjustments of Boom MEWPs with for Fine control can reduce the platform position while example platform rotation need to change the MEWP working at height features and scissor lifts with position or to use main boom extension platforms can provide movement controls while fine control when adjusting the working at height position of the platform at height Self levelling and over run MEWPs can have self levelling Familiarisation is essential for characteristics features and different over run operators and rescuers to characteristics understand the operational characteristics of different MEWPs Completely open control Some MEWPs may have Exposed controls do not provide panels with exposed completely open control panels protection against the operator controls with exposed controls being pushed over them Preventing platform Some MEWPs have a trip Trip devices cut out powered movements if the operator device that is fully integrated platform movements as the is pushed over the into the platform and control operator is pushed over the platform controls panel structure which cuts controls power if the operator is pushed over the controls Protecting platform Storage trays may be fitted in Placing objects on the control controls from being platforms that are either a part panel is bad practice Storage activated by objects
25. manufacturer is not liable for the adaptation addition or modification or any effects it has on the safety and performance of the MEWP The person carrying out the adaptation addition or modification takes on these responsibilities and may become liable for the safety of the complete MEWP Consultation with the manufacturer and your insurers 6 2 8 Advice provided by the MEWP manufacturer on the adaptation addition or modification you propose or the additional devices or equipment that you wish to fit should be taken into account 6 2 9 It is recommended that you discuss the fitting of the additional devices or equipment with your insurer if you think that they could be classed as modifications that could affect your insurance Annex 1 Hazards Causal Factors and Control Measures Travelling to and from the work area Note the Table does not imply any priority order for the hazards causal factors and examples of control measures Hazard _ _ Typical causal factors Examples of control measures Overhead obstructions in the path of the MEWP Leaning over the platform guardrails or control panel Losing control of the platform controls Overhead obstructions that come close to the top of the platform while the MEWP is travelling can cause an operator to become trapped between the platform and the obstruction Leaning over the platform guardrails or control panel to view the MEWP base wheels or tracks while trav
26. nd staff should effect a rescue using the ground controls in the following order auxiliary power at first which gives the slowest and most controlled manoeuvre of the boom until it is obvious that the basket is clear of any obstructions at height powered descent once clear of obstructions it is then recommended to switch to powered descent to maximize the speed of recovery 3 Another MEWP In some situations the use of another MEWP to gain access to the platform may be the safest option This will only be acceptable if such rescue has been planned and includes means of transferring between platforms which prevents anyone falling Further Guidance For more details about preventing trapping accidents please refer to Part 1 of this Best Practice Guidance document 32 Working Group Membership Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Working Group Membership included Member Alan Mcintyre Austin Baker Brian Parker Vanessa Forbes Mike Short David Thomas Peter Walker Paul Cummings Kevin Gale lan Wallace lan Watson lan Crisp John Hallows Andy Newell Kevin Minton Colin Wood Paul Bolton Stewart Arnold Jonathan Bohm Joy Jones Christine Leah David Riley Giles Councell Rupert Douglas Jones Gil Male Tim Whiteman Phillip Godding Gary Fisher Chris Wraith Paul Wright David Duncan Paul Gomersall Steve Redding Paul Adorian Peter Jones Robert Skinner John Hallam Bob Renn
27. ng work platform often referred to as a MEWP saves time and makes work at height efficient effective and safer than using traditional methods of access When used safely MEWPs significantly reduce the risk of injuries through falling from height Unfortunately over the past few years a significant number of accidents involving the use of MEWPs have occurred including tragically fatalities Some of these incidents have involved the operator or other person being crushed against fixtures or other obstacles while accessing their work area or while working at height The incidents could have been prevented by correct planning and preparation selection of appropriate machinery and proper use In addition to the terrible cost in human suffering accidents have a financial cost There is a very strong business case for improving safety performance This guidance has been prepared by the industry to provide clarity about the safe use of MEWPs including planning equipment selection and training provision of information familiarization safe use Supervision and rehearsal of rescue procedures together with monitoring of the whole process The guidance is straightforward comprehensive and easy to adopt It represents best practice would particularly like to thank those involved in its preparation and commend the guidance to anyone who owns supplies or controls the operation of MEWPs Please read the publication and turn the advice into action
28. o ensure that the operator has received basic training in the correct category of MEWP that they will use see Annex 6 5 2 4 3 In addition to basic training operators should be familiarised with the controls characteristics safety devices decals and emergency rescue systems on the MEWPs they are authorised to operate Before operating a particular make and model of MEWP the operator should be able to prove that they have received familiarisation on that type of machine for example through entries in his her log book or similar If this cannot be demonstrated then the operator should undergo familiarisation or if they are authorised to do so by their employer self familiarise themselves using the manufacturer s instructions Further advice on familiarisation is given in Technical Guidance Note F1 08 07 5 2 4 3 It is recommended that operators are familiar with the contents of Part 2 of this guidance Rescuers 5 2 5 1 Rescuers must e be competent to lower the MEWP platform using the ground emergency controls in the work situations to which they are exposed e be instructed in local hazards and site rules e be familiar with the rescue procedures for the type of MEWP they are authorised to operate e be aware of what to do if the load control has tripped and or the emergency control has been activated in the platform 5 2 5 2 Rescuers at ground level do not need to be trained as MEWP operators but they must be trained by their employer
29. of the platform or control panel trays provide safe storage areas placed on the platform structure or Supplied as for tools and other small objects control panel accessories by the manufacturer 21 Annex 5 Emergency Descent Decal Decals can be obtained free from www ipaf org 22 Annex 6 MEWP Categories Scissor Telescopic Boom Lorry mounted boom IPAF Mobile Vertical 3a ConstructionSkills Scissor IPAF Mobile boom 3b ConstructionSkills Boom IPAF Static boom 1b ConstructionSkills Boom Pedestrian controlled tracked boom IPAF Static boom 1b ConstructionSkills Boom Vertical NOTE MEWP travels under power Articulated Boom Van mounted boom Trailer mounted boom Push around vertical NOTE MEWP is pedestrian powered while travelling IPAF Static Vertical PAV ConstructionSkills Scissor 23 IPAF Static Vertical 1a ConstructionSkills Scissor IPAF Mobile boom 8b ConstructionSkills Boom IPAF Static Boom 1b ConstructionSkills Boom IPAF Static Vertical 1b ConstructionSkills Boom Annex 7 Emergency Procedures Incapacitated operator lf an operator is trapped and cannot be communicated with the emergency services should be called immediately Rescue procedure Emergency rescue should be attempted using the following sequence 1 Ifthe operator cannot take control of th
30. on of the controls e Emergency stop has been activated This can restrict the ability of the operator to be rescued e Complicated boom manoeuvre If someone is being crushed and can t breathe React Immediately you only have a few minutes to rescue and resuscitate them every second counts 28 10 Ways to Reduce the Risk Working close to overhead structures should be regarded as a higher risk MEWP operation If you are expected to carry out this sort of work you should ensure that the following issues have been properly addressed and that management has explained the steps taken to minimise trapping crushing risks in a pre start briefing If in doubt ask v Plan the MEWP route carefully a Keep a sensible distance from obstructions SxS The route taken by the MEWP should ideally be planned so as to keep a sensible distance between the MEWP and any overhead obstruction This distance will need to be greater for a boom type MEWP being driven at height to allow for the possible bounce and see saw effects b Avoid the drive elevate slew controls when close to an obstruction lf working close to an overhead obstruction is unavoidable it is strongly recommended that where possible only the fine positioning controls of a boom type MEWP should be used Once the MEWP is close to the obstruction the coarser drive elevate and slew controls should be avoided c Driving at height s
31. ontrol panels may have the controls sunk into the top of them and they may have features that prevent objects placed on the panel contacting the controls There is no one feature that prevents the operator contacting the controls but a combination of the above can reduce the risk Annex 4 lists important factors that need to be taken into account when selecting a MEWP for use e g use on rough terrain or indoor outdoor use 7 3 3 5 3 3 6 Wherever planners managers are uncertain about the best MEWP for the work they should seek further expert advice e g from a hire company or manufacturer When selecting a MEWP for use the circumstances in which it will be used must be taken into account If this assessment indicates that the fitment of additional equipment or devices may overall improve the safe use of the MEWP during the task then before fitment the process in Section 6 should be followed This will help ensure that full consideration is given to both the positive and negative health and safety effects of fitting the device and legal considerations 3 4 Safe system of work 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 A safe system of work SSW should be devised to ensure that work tasks can be carried out safely Key elements of the SSW should be written down This could take the form of a safety method statement as commonly used in the construction industry or any other appropriate record The SSW should be based on risk assessment see s
32. ork on e managing the areas below and around the work at height and e taking control of emergency operations 4 Supervision and monitoring 4 1 Supervisors should be instructed in and supplied with SSWs for the work they are expected to control 4 2 Supervisors should monitor the work and provide advice for the review and revision of the risk assessments and SSWs as the work progresses 4 3 It is recommended that supervisors are familiar with the contents of Part 2 of this guidance 5 Competency and training 5 1 Competency 5 1 1 All involved in e risk assessment planning managing supervising and carrying out the work tasks including rescue operations should have sufficient e training e knowledge e experience and e delegated authority from their employer to enable them to identify trapping risks and carry out their duties safely at the level of responsibility assigned to them 5 12 The person who formulates the SSW should e understand the MEWP characteristics and the nature of the work to be carried out e be capable of identifying site hazards that could lead to trapping accidents See Annexes 1 and 2 e have the ability to communicate the results of their findings to those responsible for managing MEWP activities This can be on site management contractor s staff and or principal contractor s staff depending on the arrangements that are in place to ensure that the risk assessment is understood
33. ou will need to consider carefully the presence of objects against which someone could become trapped at all stages of the work For example working in a roof space with many existing obstructions structural supports services etc may present a high possibility of an operator becoming trapped Annexes 1 Ps and 2 provide guidance on trapping potential when moving across site and then up T into the work position 3 Select equipment to minimise the chances of trapping occurring In particular consider any relevant dimensional constraints to from and at the work position and choose equipment appropriately not too small or too big and with the most appropriate manoeuvring characteristics scissor telescoping articulated The aim should be to select a machine in which it is as difficult as possible for the operator to get himself trapped 4 Consider the layout and characteristics of the machine control panel and the potential for the operator to be trapped against the controls in the specific work situation for which it has been selected The aim should be to select a machine in which it is as difficult as possible for the operator to get himself trapped See Annex 4 for more detailed advice 5 Consider what tools and materials will be needed and plan how they will be carried stored on within the MEWP 6 Ensure the ground is properly prepared and maintained on routes to and at working positions 7 Liaise with all relevant parties as par
34. ount weather time of day seasonal overhead make it difficult for the MEWP changes and the work environment obstructions in operator to notice the obstructions Additional lighting needs careful design the path of the MEWP difficult to see Pedestrians or Pedestrians or other vehicles Segregate traffic routes so far as possible vehicles in the around or in the path of the MEWP path of and can distract the MEWP operator Use a banksman lookout whenever around the while approaching an overhead necessary in areas where pedestrians will MEWP obstruction be present Pedestrians should wear high visibility clothing Uneven ground Travelling over uneven ground Ensure the ground conditions are suitable steps trenches steps open trenches and objects for the MEWP to travel on etc on the ground causes vertical work When travelling on boom MEWPs adjust platform movements that may trap the platform position to give adequate view operators against overhead of the MEWP base wheels and to obstructions minimise vertical platform movements Travel at a speed that ensures platform movements are controlled Objects on the Operators may lean over the Before gaining access walk the route and ground in the platform guardrails or control panel remove obstacles path of the to view objects on the ground MEWP while travelling thus distracting their view of overhead obstructions Annex 2 Hazards Causal Factors and Control Measures A
35. s required before such a change is made You will need to have available all relevant technical details of the MEWP and for the additional devices or equipment that you 12 intend to fit Risk assessment must show that the proposed change protects against the trapping risks identified and that at least it does not e increase the consequences of injury in a trapping accident e create new or additional risks that outweigh the trapping risks addressed taking account of all the ways in which the MEWP is used including areas where trapping risks are not present e adversely affect the operation of controls and any MEWP movements performance and reliability of control systems reliability of components e cause ergonomic hazards for the MEWP operator or anyone else in the platform e cause distractions to the operator that could affect safe operation of the MEWP e encourage bad operating practices that could affect the safety of the MEWP in use e restrict access to the platform controls particularly in an emergency e prevent the MEWP from being used for applications in which it is acknowledged to be safe Responsibility 6 2 7 The responsibility for any adaptation addition or modification and the associated risk assessment lies with the person who modifies the MEWP The safety of the adaptation addition or modification and the safety of any parts of the MEWP that it may affect must be ensured Under these circumstances the original
36. sonal lighting may be necessary but it needs careful design The risk assessment should be recorded It should also be reviewed and revised as necessary while work is carried out For further advice on risk assessment see INDG163 HSE and BS 8460 2005 3 3 MEWP selection 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 Selecting a MEWP with the right operating characteristics can substantially reduce the risk of entrapment When selecting a MEWP account should be taken of the manufacturer s instructions and in particular the operating parameters and limits specified Vertical lift articulated boom and telescopic boom MEWPs allow a wide variety and different sequences of platform movements to be performed The information provided by the risk assessment see section 3 2 on the nature of trapping risks and when the risks occur will aid decisions on the type and model of MEWP best suited to avoid trapping risks Many MEWPs have an up stand above the platform control panel to prevent the operator s hands being trapped against overhead objects as required by European Standard EN 280 2001 A2 2009 On some MEWPs this up stand may prevent the operator s upper body being pushed downwards onto the controls but it can create a trapping risk if the operator leans over it while moving the platform A stand off bar is fitted on some MEWPs in front of the control panel which prevents the operator s lower body being pushed horizontally against the controls C
37. t of your planning including others on site who will be affected by or will themselves affect MEWP activities 8 Identify and specify the levels of competence qualification which will be required of those doing the work 9 Make detailed rescue emergency plans Annex 4 Important Factors when Selecting a MEWP Which type is best for your work NOTE Selection of the MEWP must be done by a competent person see section 3 3 above Use on rough terrain or poor ground conditions Use outdoors or indoors e g open walkways and loading areas where wind or strong draughts could be present MEWP platform movement boom flex should be minimised when the MEWP and its lifting structure are stationary Avoidance of unsafe working practices while working in the work area If the MEWP is to be used anywhere other than on prepared level surface or ona level and smooth floor such as the concrete base or floors of the building under construction that are strong enough to take the MEWP then the MEWP should be a rough terrain type If used in windy or draughty conditions the MEWP should have and be marked with a specified maximum wind speed In which it can be used The MEWP lifting structure should be sufficiently stiff to avoid excessive platform movements due to boom flexing that could cause trapping accidents while work is being carried out It is important to select MEWPs that have sufficient r
38. the identification of trapping risks and in the planning and managing of work activities to protect against entrapment accidents Part 2 is aimed at those using and supervising MEWPs and responsible for rescuing anyone trapped on a MEWP platform Part 2 has been designed to be used in briefings or toolbox talks for supervisors and MEWP operators There may appear to be some repetition in Parts 1 and 2 of this document This is deliberate to allow Parts 1 and 2 to be used either together or independently Each part of the document is self contained but one complements the other Note that this document is not intended to be complete guidance on all aspects of MEWP operation Operators of MEWP must at all times be trained and competent All references to regulations and other statutory instruments are made to UK legislation Strategic Forum for Construction Plant Safety Group Best Practice Guidance for MEWPs Avoiding Trapping Crushing Injuries to People in the Platform Part 1 Guidance for planners managers and trainers 1 Purpose of Part 1 Anyone involved in planning work with MEWPs specifying equipment managing work and organising training for those working with MEWPs should read Part 1 which includes guidance on the hazards to be considered and ways of controlling risk Note that this document is not intended to be complete guidance on all aspects of MEWP operation Operators of MEWP must at all times be trained and competent
39. tions When close to obstructions use the controls in the following general sequence drive elevate slew telescope fine control Always ensure adequate vertical clearance between the highest point of the platform and any obstruction when driving or elevating slewing the platform Hazard Uneven ground steps trenches etc Leaning over or against the control panel while operating the MEWP Losing control of the platform controls Operating a boom type MEWP which is slewed at nominally 90 degrees to the MEWP forward and reverse travel directions Poor inadequate lighting Pedestrians or other vehicles at ground level Typical causal factors Manoeuvring and setting up the MEWP on uneven ground steps open trenches and objects on the ground can cause substantial platform movements at height that may trap people against overhead obstructions that are close to the platform Leaning over the platform guardrails or control panel to view the MEWP base wheels or tracks while manoeuvring distracts the operator s view of adjacent obstructions and can encourage the operator to squeeze past overhead objects Trapping of the operator against the platform controls while the MEWP is travelling prevents the operator from controlling MEWP movements and increases the likelihood of serious injury ina trapping incident Operator can suffer disorientation with respect to the expected direction of movement of the MEW
40. y Safety Regulations 2008 The Regulations both originate in European Directives and are complementary Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 PUWER 6 2 1 6 2 2 Before putting MEWPs into use for the first time in the UK PUWER Regulation 10 requires the user to satisfy himself that the MEWP complies with the essential health and safety requirements of the Supply of Machinery Safety Regulations 2008 Normally compliance may be presumed if the MEWP is CE marked and accompanied by a valid Declaration of Conformity PUWER Regulation 4 1 allows work equipment to be adapted for example for the specific operations and conditions in which it is used Regulation 4 2 requires that adaptations must not increase the overall risks associated with its use see Section 3 3 6 Supply of Machinery Safety Regulations 2008 SMS 6 2 3 6 2 4 6 2 5 Under Regulation 7 1 before placing machinery such as a MEWP on the market and or putting it into service the manufacturer or his authorised representative shall a ensure that it satisfies the relevant essential health and safety requirements EHSRs b ensure that the technical file is available c provide in particular the necessary information such as instructions d carry out the appropriate procedures for assessing conformity e draw up the EC declaration of conformity and ensure that it accompanies the MEWP f affix the CE marking to the MEW
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search