Power Wheel Guide
Contents
1. CHEMICAL ENERGY is a form of potential energy It is energy that is stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules When the PowerWheel is used to charge a battery electrical energy becomes chemical energy Electricity i R B Manufacturing F w ELECTRICITY is one of the most important Gr mee types of energy It is the collection of physical OAA effects related to the force and motion of fee electrically charged particles Though electricity cannot be seen heard or smelt we know about it by what it does it produces light heat magnetism and chemical effects Electricity is not a source of power itself it is a form of energy that has come from an original source falling water solar energy the heating of gases or water Most often energy is transformed into electricity by means of an electric generator Electric Generators An ELECTRIC GENERATOR is a machine that produces electricity by transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy This transformation occurs because of the special relationship between electricity and magnetism The branch of physics that studies this relationship is electromagnetism ELECTROMAGNETISM is based on the facts that 1 an electric current produces a magnetic field and 2 a changing magnetic field produces an electric current This process is called electro magnetic induction Electric Current ELECTRIC CURRENT is the flow of electric charge throug2. There has never been a more crucial time to teach our children about energy As the Earth s population grows and our demand for resources increases energy production and consumption have become perhaps the biggest issues on the global plate Our goal is to inspire tomorrow s leaders and consumers with an intuitive understanding of energy We offer the PowerWheel as part of a growing global effort to steer our society toward a path of sustainability and responsibility PowerWheel Patent Pending Resources and Sales Designed by R B MFG ro mfg com Roy Bentley sales rb mfg com Bellingham WA 2011 by RB MFG Support Resources ro mfg com Manual amp Learning Guide support rb mfg com New Media Mixology Jeremy Van Fleet Kate S Hubbell 2011 by RB MFG I ll be here throughout the manual to share fun ideas and activities that connect to different areas of study I ll suggest an age range for each activity but most are fun for kids and grownups of all ages Notice my shape Harout Powar nee What is the PowerWnee R B Se A Manufacturing The PowerWheel is a micro hyaro generator that NOOKS up to a faucet or hose Q PowerWheel The PowerWheel takes energy from flowing water and converts it into mechanical energy and then into electricity The PowerWheel can open the flood gates of learning for all ages Witness ing the PowerWheel in action inspires PEENES children to ask questi
3. Ss Manufacturing A TURBINE is a wheel turned by the force of moving fluids TURBINES are among the simplest and most powerful machines A turbine does not create power but it is an integral part of the process of converting energy from its kinetic state to its mechanical state so that a generator can convert it into electricity Water Turbines There are two main types of hydro turbines Choosing which type is right for a specific location is done by considering the height of standing water referred to as head and the flow or volume of water at the site An IMPULSE TURBINE is driven by a high speed A REACTION TURBINE is mounted on a vertical stream of water directed against blades or shaft and is completely submerged under buckets attached to a wheel Impulse turbines water It is turned by the pressure and flow of work best with a tall head and a low volume the water upon it Reaction wheels work best The PowerWheel uses a specific type of where there is a high volume and a short head impulse turbine called a Pelton Wheel Otner Turbines Steam Gas Wind Steam turbines are some of These work like steam turbines Wind turbines use blades the world s most powerful but use hot gases directly attached to a shaft to harness machines They use high instead of using them to heat the power of the wind DIessure stean tO operate water into steam B Manufacturing S 550cm 160 MW 160
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5. world for heat and for cooking GEOTHERMAL Geothermal power uses the heat from the earth s core layers to produce steam or to bring water toa temperature that can regulate the interior temperature of a building PETROLEUM OIL is a fossil fuel with a quickly dwindling reserve The U S relies heavily on petroleum for transportation heating etc but the risks are high with the overuse of this fossil fuel Our demand for oil far outreaches the supply available since what we do have took millions of years to form When petroleum is burned as fuel it produces a number of byproducts that are harmful to our health and to the environment NUCLEAR energy is created by the splitting or combining of atoms Splitting atoms to release the energy within that atom s nucleus is called NUCLEAR FISSION When atoms are combined to create a larger atom energy is also produced This process is called NUCLEAR FUSION COAL is the most abundant fossil fuel produced in the United States When it is burned it creates steam which then powers steam turbines On top of being a non renewable energy source coal can be dangerous to mine expensive to transport and produces numerous harmful greenhouse gases It is currently used for almost HALF of all electricity generated in the US NATURAL GAS in the form of tiny bubbles of odorless gas is yet another fossil fuel It can be burned to produce heat and light Natural gas makes up 25 or ene
6. 000 000W 18cm 30W LE PowerWheel New Colgate Powernouse Large Scale Hyaro New Bullards Bar Reservoir California The New Colgate Powerhouse is home to two of the largest Pelton Wheels ever built To reach the powerhouse water is carried nearly five miles downstream which increases the head from the New Bullards Bar Reservoir then travels through a 26 foot diameter tunnel and plunges down a 15 foot diameter penstock to drive the two turbines which together can produce 315 325 megawatts of power Each of the two Pelton Wheels is about 18 feet in diameter 5 5 meters which is about 30 times bigger than the Power Wheel wikipedia org wiki New_Bullards_Bar_Dam amp ycwa com about hydroelectric R B A Manufacturi Sources of Energy In this day and age the demand for energy is HUGE Where does the energy we use come from Looking closely at the sources of our energy consumption gives us insight into the impact this usage has on the environment Energy sources are generally broken into two categories Renewable Energy Non Renewable Energy Describes those sources Sources that are not easy to not easily replenished replenish The more we use and can t be used up them the less we have e g solar wind e g petroleum coal See next page for list of types Energy Detectives What energy source am game K 2 Art project Paper mache the different types of renewables to deco
7. d Electricity don t always mix Adult supervision necessary for children under 10 Do not submerge the PowerWheel in water Keep fingers and other body parts out of the wheel R B H Manufacturing ENERGY is defined as the ability of matter to move or to produce a chemical change in other matter ENERGY is also the ability to do work POWER measures the rate of producing or using energy CO Se rvatio THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY is a law of physics which states that energy cannot be created or of Energy destroyed Although the total amount of energy in a system remains constant it is able to change not to be confused from one form to another with Energy Conservation more n the case of the PowerWheel water is the source on that later of energy It changes forms multiple times as it falls through the hose spins through the wheel enters the generator and illuminates the LED light strip Pote nta POTENTIAL ENERGY is stored energy It is l l passive and doesn t do work until it is released Ss K N efl C Energy is in its potential state when in chemical gravitational mechanical and nuclear forms Energy s two main types KINETIC ENERGY is energy in motion or active energy Energy is in its kinetic state when in radiant thermal sound and electrical forms The water that is stored within the faucet waiting to fall At the swing s highest point on either side when it is through the
8. h a medium There are two types of electric current abbreviated as AC and DC A RECTIFIER is a used to switch between these two types of current 7 DIRECT CURRENT flows A ALTERNATING CURRENT in one direction only TAN reverses the direction of its flow many times a second Electricity Manufacturing y An ELECTRIC CIRCUIT is the path followed 5 by an electric current Electricity must flow in a circuit to do something useful A circuit has three parts SOURCE of OUTPUT DEVICE which i9 CONNECTION between electric energy uses the electrical energy the source and the eg PW s generator to do something useful output device eg LED light strip eg wires Measuring Electricity Voltage V measures Current I is a Resistance R the force of electrons measurement of measures the pushing through a the number of resistance a conductor and electrons flowing conductor offers to overcoming the per second through the flow of electric resistance a conductor current Electrical Power P ELECTRICAL POWER is the rate of electric energy being used It is measured in WATTS P _ V X Horsepower is also a measure of power 1 hp 746 Watts 0 746 kilowatts Power usage for your home is often measured in kilowatt hours kWh the number of kilowatts of power used over a one hour period How many kilowatt hours of electricity do you use in your home Turoines R B
9. hose and into the PowerWheel has no longer in motion the swing has all potential energy POTENTIAL energy As the water moves from the faucet through the hose and into the PowerWheel that water is F3 At the lowest point assuming y 0 the potential in motion and is in it s KINETIC form oe energy has become all kinetic energy At all points between A and B the swing has a mix of both potential and kinetic energy As water flows through the PowerWheel we witness energy in many of its diferent states Each state is a form of either potential or kinetic energy MECHANICAL ENERGY is unique because it can exist in both kinetic and potential forms It is the energy an object holds due to its position or its motion When the PowerWheel is running the wheel itself possesses mechanical energy ELECTRICAL ENERGY is the energy produced by electrons moving through a substance usually a wire The PowerWheel s generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy THERMAL ENERGY or heat energy is caused by the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within a substance When electrical energy reaches the PowerWheel s LED light strip some is converted into thermal energy RADIANT ENERGY is energy that travels in waves visible light x rays gamma rays and radio waves The electrical energy produced by the PowerWheel s generator can be converted into radiant energy by attaching a light bulb or radio
10. ons and make connections about power and energy The PowerWheel can be used in con junction with energy lessons that reach beyond the classroom connecting TTT sources of electricity back to nature and teaching towards a cleaner more renewable future 8 This manual is designed to enhance the knowledge and understanding of key concepts associated with energy and power production as well as to offer guidance activities and suggestions for connecting the PowerWheel with these concepts Getting Started B Manufacturing All tne parts Hose The hose connects to your tap or garden hose Stationary Nozzle The nozzle shoots a strong stream a water at the buckets Buckets The buckets receive the water flowing from the source and begin to turn the wheel Manual Operation Place a pencil in this hole to crank the wheel by hand Belt Connects the wheel to the generator Generator Uses energy from wheel to produce power Water discharge For drainage Clips These connect to the generator AC amp DC differ DC Generator AC Generator D re Ct O N S For use with threaded faucet head or hose 1 Read safety instructions below 2 Place PowerWheel in a dry spot that will drain safely 3 With water off attach PowerWheel s hose to threaded faucet or hose A With dry hands attach wires to the and of the LED light strip 5 Turn water on Warning Water an
11. rate the classroom 10 Energy Renewable vs Non renewable R B A Manufacturing WATER Hydropower makes up 7 of the U S s electricity generation Large scale hydropower relies on dams or other water diversion structures as well as a place where water flows from a higher place to a lower one SOLAR energy can be used to heat spaces or water directly It can also heat other fluids to very high temperatures which produces steam that then allows a turbine to operate a generator which produces electricity Solar energy can be converted directly into electrical energy with the use of Photovoltaic devices sometimes known as solar cells These cells are arranged into panels that are used on both small in the case of a flashlight or calculator and very large scales arrays of panels that cover many acres and feed into power plants WIND In addition to being used to move sailboats and to effect airplanes flying in the jetstream wind can be used to create power with the use of a wind turbine A wind turbine is similar to a water turbine in that it uses blades buckets attached to a wheel to harness the kinetic energy of a moving substance in this case air which powers a generator and thus creates electricity BIOMASS Biomass refers to organic material that comes from living or recently living organisms Biodiesel and ethanol are biomass by products that are used as transportation fuel Wood is used in much of the
12. rgy used in the U S and is a main source of heating for more than half of American homes Burning natural gas produces far less harmful emmisions than both coal and oil but drilling producing and storing the substance have negative environmental impacts 3 out of 4 of the earth s main nonrenewable energy sources are considered FOSSIL FUELS Fossil Fuels have developed from the remains of plants animals and plankton that have been buried within the earth for millions and millions of years i Energy in our lives As populations and energy demands increase our reliance on fossil fuels for many of our energy needs has become increasingly risky Now is the time to think learn and teach about clean and renewable energy sources It s also a great time to look more closely at how we use energy in our own lives How could we use it more efficiently Energy generated in one hour PowerWheel Do 30 Watt hr Created in one hour Energy used in one hour Bike Powered by you 0 Watt hr LED Bulb fi CFL H 60W Compact Fluorescent Light bulb r renee z Laptop C TV Vicowave Toaster M These are estimates as all appliances are different Conserving Energy R B ty A Manufacturing Conserving Energy means making choices that result in using less energy Energy Efficiency refers to the use of technology that consumes less energy to do a particular function Source of Energ
13. ries Can you determine how long it would take to charge a rechargable AA battery Create Your Own Water Pressure Place a 5 gallon water jug up high and run a hose from it to the PowerWheel How much energy does it generate PowerWheel and Beyond Energy History Humans relationship with energy production has a fascinating history Follow the sequence of discoveries that have brought us from sheer muscle power as the primary source of energy to the intricately mechanized and electrifed society of today Water in our World The PowerWheel is a great starting point for broader studies of water Hydropower is an important example of one of the many varied roles water serves in Our lives Hydro studies Use the PowerWheel as an entry point for a deeper study of Hydropower Explore the history evolution technologies and current uses of water s incredible POWER Renewable energy There are endless opportunties to take a deeper look at renewable sources of energy How are they integrated if at all into your city or town Compare and contrast the different clean energy sources Turbines The world of turbines is vast Along with the Pelton Wheel turbine used here in the PowerWheel there are many forms and functions that turbines serve in today s world Installations Check out our website for alternative installations of the PowerWheel If you have documentation of your PowerWheel in use in your home or school
14. y Ways to increase Efficiency Ways to Conserve Car Gasoline an oil product Electric cars and hybrids are generally considered cleaner and more efficient Biking walking and using public transport Accelerating slowly in a vehicle LIQNTS etc Approximately 90 of Uo cleciiialy comes from non renewables CFLs 4x more efficient than incandescent LEDs 10x more efficient Turn lights off unplug appliances between uses Wp Fridge Electricity from mostly fossil fuels EnergyStar refridgerators Keep the door closed as much as possible Let things cool before putting away luis Kids and Communities are POWERful Check out some of the incredible work people like you both Food Gas used to transport to a grocery store If you grow your own food find ways of irrigating efficiently Buy local produce Buying in bulk Less plastic Less fossil fuels young and old are doing to conserve energy promote a clean environment and educate others ro mfg com Simple Demos Run the PowerWheel by Hand Run the PowerWheel by manually by sticking a pencil in the indicated hole How fast do you need to turn it to light the LEDs Alter the Brightness Can you alter the brightness of the bulb by regulating the water flow from the faucet Measure the Current Use an ammeter to measure the electrical current generated at different flow rates Charging Batte
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